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Lee KH, Song JW, Kim CS, Seong H, Shin DM, Shon WJ. Taste receptor type 1 member 3 mediates diet-induced cognitive impairment in mice. Life Sci 2023; 334:122194. [PMID: 37865176 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Long-term consumption of a western diet (WD), which is characterized by high intake of saturated fats and sugary drinks, causes cognitive impairment. However, the molecular mechanism by which WD induces cognitive impairment remains unclear. Taste receptor type 1 member 3 (TAS1R3), activated by ligands of WD, is expressed in extra-oral tissues, including the brain, and particularly in the hippocampus. This study investigated whether TAS1R3 regulates WD-induced cognitive impairment in mice. MAIN METHODS Male C57BL/6J wild-type (WT) and Tas1r3 knock-out (KO) mice were fed either a normal diet (ND) or WD for 18 weeks. Cognitive functions were assessed using novel object recognition and Barnes maze tests. The mechanisms underlying WD-induced cognitive impairment were assessed using RNA-sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. KEY FINDINGS Cognitive impairment was observed in WT mice fed WD (WT-WD) compared with WT-ND mice. Conversely, mice lacking TAS1R3 were not cognitively impaired even under long-term WD feeding. Hippocampal transcriptome analysis revealed upregulated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling and increased AMPK-targeted sirtuin 3 expression in KO-WD mice. Pathway enrichment analysis showed that response to oxidative stress was downregulated, whereas neurogenesis was upregulated in dentate gyrus of KO-WD mice. In vitro studies validated the findings, indicating that Tas1r3 knockdown directly upregulated decreased sirtuin 3 expression, its downstream genes-related to oxidative stress, and apoptosis induced by WD condition in hippocampal neuron cells. SIGNIFICANCE TAS1R3 acts as a critical mediator of WD-induced cognitive impairment in mice, thereby offering potential as a novel therapeutic target to prevent WD-induced cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keon-Hee Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Won Song
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong-Su Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hobin Seong
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Mi Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Woo-Jeong Shon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Mayor E. Neurotrophic effects of intermittent fasting, calorie restriction and exercise: a review and annotated bibliography. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2023; 4:1161814. [PMID: 37334045 PMCID: PMC10273285 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2023.1161814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
In the last decades, important progress has been achieved in the understanding of the neurotrophic effects of intermittent fasting (IF), calorie restriction (CR) and exercise. Improved neuroprotection, synaptic plasticity and adult neurogenesis (NSPAN) are essential examples of these neurotrophic effects. The importance in this respect of the metabolic switch from glucose to ketone bodies as cellular fuel has been highlighted. More recently, calorie restriction mimetics (CRMs; resveratrol and other polyphenols in particular) have been investigated thoroughly in relation to NSPAN. In the narrative review sections of this manuscript, recent findings on these essential functions are synthesized and the most important molecules involved are presented. The most researched signaling pathways (PI3K, Akt, mTOR, AMPK, GSK3β, ULK, MAPK, PGC-1α, NF-κB, sirtuins, Notch, Sonic hedgehog and Wnt) and processes (e.g., anti-inflammation, autophagy, apoptosis) that support or thwart neuroprotection, synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis are then briefly presented. This provides an accessible entry point to the literature. In the annotated bibliography section of this contribution, brief summaries are provided of about 30 literature reviews relating to the neurotrophic effects of interest in relation to IF, CR, CRMs and exercise. Most of the selected reviews address these essential functions from the perspective of healthier aging (sometimes discussing epigenetic factors) and the reduction of the risk for neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease) and depression or the improvement of cognitive function.
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Li K, Jiang J, Shi Z, Zhan L, Peng L, Sun W, Tang Y, Zuo X, Xu E. Neuroprotective Effects of Rhodiola Sacra on Transient Global Cerebral Ischemia Through Activating AMPK/Nrf2 Pathway in Rats. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 36:567-591. [PMID: 34714119 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Aims: Rhodiola sacra is a widely used pharmaceutical component with multiple functions, including anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation. However, the exact mechanisms involved in neuroprotection against transient global cerebral ischemia (tGCI) remain to be elucidated. Herein, we aim at closing the gap in understanding on whether rhodiola sacra reduces neuronal death in hippocampal CA1 and at demonstrating how rhodiola sacra offers neuroprotection after tGCI. Results: The results show that rhodiola sacra (2.4 g/kg/d by feeding) pretreatment or/and postreatment significantly alleviated neuronal injury, inhibited glial activation, and improved cognitive function in male rats subjected to tGCI. The neuroprotection of prophylaxis with rhodiola sacra is equivalent to that of therapeutics. The binding mode of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) α2-subunit with rhodiola sacra was predicted by molecular docking. Further, rhodiola sacra upregulates phosphorylated AMPK and promotes nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2). In addition, rhodiola sacra increases heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression and activity and reduces malondialdehyde (MDA) content in CA1 after tGCI. However, the neuroprotection of rhodiola sacra is abolished by Nrf2 knockdown with small interfering RNA (siRNA) after tGCI. Similarly, the inhibition of AMPK with Compound C or siRNA against AMPK α2 aggravates neuronal death after tGCI through decreasing nuclear Nrf2 and the expression and activity of HO-1, and by increasing the release of MDA. Innovation and Conclusion: For the first time, this study demonstrates that as a prophylactic or therapeutic agent rhodiola sacra prevents oxidant stress, protects neurons, and improves cognitive function through activating the AMPK/Nrf2 pathway in tGCI rats. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 36, 567-591.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kongping Li
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies, Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies, Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, The People's Hospital of Qingyuan, Qingyuan, China
| | - Zhe Shi
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies, Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, The People's Hospital of Qingyuan, Qingyuan, China
| | - Lixuan Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies, Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linhui Peng
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies, Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiwen Sun
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies, Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies, Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xialin Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies, Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - En Xu
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies, Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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4
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Wang H, Wang A, Wang X, Zeng X, Xing H. AMPK/PPAR-γ/NF-κB axis participates in ROS-mediated apoptosis and autophagy caused by cadmium in pig liver. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 294:118659. [PMID: 34896222 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of Cadmium (Cd) on growth performance, blood biochemical parameters, oxidative stress, hepatocyte apoptosis and autophagy of weaned piglets. A total of 12 healthy weaned piglets were randomly assigned to the control and the Cd group, which were fed with a basal diet and the basal diet supplemented with 15 ± 0.242 mg/kg CdCl2 for 30 d, respectively. Our results demonstrated that Cd significantly decreased final body weight, average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG) and increased feed-to-gain (F/G) ratio (P < 0.05). For blood biochemical parameters, Cd treatment significantly decreased the red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), total protein, albumin, copper content and iron content (P < 0.05). In addition, liver injury was observed in the Cd-exposed group. Our results also demonstrated that Cd exposure contributed to the production of ROS, activated the AMPK/PPAR-γ/NF-κB pathway (increasing the expressions of P-AMPK/AMPK, NF-κB, I-κB-β, COX-2, and iNOS, decreasing the expressions of PPAR-γ and I-κB-α), finally induced autophagy (increasing the expressions of Beclin-1, the ratio of LC3-II/LC3-I and p62), and apoptosis (increasing the expressions of Bax, Bak, Caspase-9, and Caspase-3, decreasing the expression of Bcl-2). Overall, these findings revealed the vital role of AMPK/PPAR-γ/NF-κB pathway in Cd-induced liver apoptosis and autophagy, which provided deeper insights into a better understanding of Cd-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Anqi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinqiao Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Environment, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, 102249, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyin Zeng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Houjuan Xing
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
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Lei C, Liao J, Li Q, Shi J, Zhang H, Guo J, Han Q, Hu L, Li Y, Pan J, Tang Z. Copper induces mitochondria-mediated apoptosis via AMPK-mTOR pathway in hypothalamus of Pigs. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 220:112395. [PMID: 34102394 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu), one of the heavy metals, is far beyond the carrying capacity of the environment with Cu mining, industrial wastewater discharging and the use of Cu-containing pesticides. Intaking excess Cu can cause toxic effects on liver, kidney, heart, but few studies report Cu toxicity on brain tissue. It is noteworthy that most toxicity tests are based on rodent models, but large mammals chosen as animal models has no reported. To explore the relationship of the Cu toxicity and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis on hypothalamus in pigs, the content of Cu, histomorphology, mitochondrial related indicators, apoptosis, and AMPK-mTOR signaling pathway were detected. Results showed that Cu could accumulate in hypothalamus and lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, evidenced by the decrease of ATP production, activities of respiratory chain complex I-IV, and mitochondrial respiratory function in Cu-treated groups. Additionally, the genes and proteins expression of Bax, Caspase-3, Cytc in treatment group were higher than control group. Furthermore, the protein level of p-AMPK was enhanced significantly and p-mTOR was declined, which manifested that AMPK-mTOR signaling pathway was activated in Cu-treated groups. In conclusion, this study illuminated that the accumulation of Cu could cause mitochondrial dysfunction, induce mitochondria-mediated apoptosis and activate AMPK-mTOR pathway in hypothalamus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaiqin Lei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jianzhao Liao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Quanwei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jian Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jianying Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Qingyue Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Lianmei Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jiaqiang Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Zhaoxin Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, PR China.
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6
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Hu X, Li X, Xiao C, Kong L, Zhu Q, Song Z. Effects of Dietary Energy Level on Performance, Plasma Parameters, and Central AMPK Levels in Stressed Broilers. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:681858. [PMID: 34124230 PMCID: PMC8192699 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.681858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize the effects of diets with different energy levels on the growth performance, plasma parameters, and central AMPK signaling pathway in broilers under dexamethasone (DEX)-induced stress. A total of 216 1-day-old male broiler chickens were allocated to groups fed with high (HED), National Research Council-recommended (control), or low (LED) energy diets. At 10 days old, chickens were treated with or without dexamethasone (DEX, 2 mg/kg body weight) for 3 consecutive days. HED increased broiler average daily gain (ADG) at 10 days old, compared with the LED (P < 0.05), while average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed conversion rate (FCR) decreased as the dietary energy level increased (P < 0.05). Chickens fed a HED had higher total protein (TP) content, albumin (ALB), glucose (GLU), total cholesterol (TCHO), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, compared with the control group (P < 0.05). At 13 days old, DEX decreased ADG and increased FCR in broilers fed with different energy diets (P < 0.05). The DEX-HED group had a higher ADFI than non-DEX treated HED group chickens. In addition, TP, ALB, triglycerides (TG), TCHO, HDL, and LDL content levels in the DEX group were higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The uric acid (UA) content of the LED group was higher than that of the HED group (P < 0.05). Further, gene expression levels of liver kinase B1, AMP-activated protein kinase α1, neuropeptide Y, and GC receptor in the hypothalamus were increased in chickens treated with DEX (P < 0.05). There was a trend toward interaction between plasma TCHO and hypothalamic LKB1 expression (0.05 < P < 0.1). In conclusion, this study suggests that HED improves growth performance, plasma glucose and total cholesterol at 10 days old broilers, but had no significant effect on performance, plasma parameters, and central AMPK in stressed broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyi Hu
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Xianlei Li
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Chuanpi Xiao
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.,Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Linglian Kong
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Qidong Zhu
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Zhigang Song
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
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7
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Fu SC, Lin JW, Liu JM, Liu SH, Fang KM, Su CC, Hsu RJ, Wu CC, Huang CF, Lee KI, Chen YW. Arsenic induces autophagy-dependent apoptosis via Akt inactivation and AMPK activation signaling pathways leading to neuronal cell death. Neurotoxicology 2021; 85:133-144. [PMID: 34038756 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2021.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Inorganic arsenic (As3+), a well-known worldwide industrial and environmental pollutant, has been linked to neurodegenerative disorders (NDs). Autophagy plays an important role in controlling neuronal cell survival/death. However, limited information is available regarding the toxicological mechanism at the interplay between autophagy and As3+-induced neurotoxicity. The present study found that As3+ exposure induced a concomitant activation of apoptosis and autophagy in Neuro-2a cells, which was accompanied with the increase of phosphatidylserine exposure on outer membrane leaflets and apoptotic cell population, and the activation of caspase-3, -7, and PARP as well as the elevation of protein expressions of LC3-II, Atg-5, and Beclin-1, and the accumulation of autophagosome. Pretreatment of cells with autophagy inhibitor 3-MA, but not that of Z-VAD-FMK (a pan-caspase inhibitor), effectively prevented the As3+-induced autophagic and apoptotic responses, indicating that As3+-triggered autophagy was contributing to neuronal cell apoptosis. Furthermore, As3+ exposure evoked the dephosphorylation of Akt. Pretreatment with SC79, an Akt activator, could significantly attenuated As3+-induced Akt inactivation as well as autophagic and apoptotic events. Expectedly, inhibition of Akt signaling with LY294002 obviously enhanced As3+-triggered autophagy and apoptosis. Exposure to As3+ also dramatically increased the phosphorylation level of AMPKα. Pretreatment of AMPK inhibitor (Compound C) could markedly abrogate the As3+-induced phosphorylated AMPKα expression, and autophagy and apoptosis activation. Taken together, these results indicated that As3+ exerted its cytotoxicity in neuronal cells via the Akt inactivation/AMPK activation downstream-regulated autophagy-dependent apoptosis pathways, which ultimately lead to cell death. Our findings suggest that the regulation of Akt/AMPK signals may be a promising intervention to against As3+-induced neurotoxicity and NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Chang Fu
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, 330, Taiwan
| | - Jhe-Wei Lin
- Department of Physiology and Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Ming Liu
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, 330, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Hwa Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Min Fang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 220, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chuan Su
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua County, 500, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Ren-Jun Hsu
- Department of Pathology and Graduate Institute of Pathology and Parasitology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taiwan; Biobank Management Center of Tri-Service General Hospital and Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Ching Wu
- Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Fa Huang
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, 413, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-I Lee
- Department of Emergency, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, 427, Taiwan.
| | - Ya-Wen Chen
- Department of Physiology and Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.
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Katila N, Bhurtel S, Park PH, Hong JT, Choi DY. Activation of AMPK/aPKCζ/CREB pathway by metformin is associated with upregulation of GDNF and dopamine. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 180:114193. [PMID: 32800853 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, which is characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, leading to a decrease in striatal dopamine. There is no antiparkinsonian therapy that offers a true disease-modifying treatment till date and there is an urgent need for a safe and effective neuroprotective or neurorestorative therapy. Our previous study demonstrated that metformin upregulated dopamine in the mouse brain and provided significant neuroprotection in animal model of PD. Therefore, we designed this study to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying such pharmacological effect of metformin. Herein, we found that metformin enhanced the phosphorylation of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) which was accompanied by increase in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), and activation of their downstream signaling pathways in the mouse brain and SH-SY5Y cells. We further investigated the role of the neurotrophic factors in the activation of TH and observed that both BDNF and GDNF-induction were essential for metformin-induced TH activation. We found that the AMPK/aPKCζ/CREB pathway was essential for metformin-induced GDNF upregulation and TH activation. Thus, this study reveals the TH-activating property of metformin in the brain via induction of neurotrophic factors along with the signaling mechanism. These results potentiate the candidacy of metformin not only as a neuroprotective agent, but also as restorative therapy for the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Katila
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunil Bhurtel
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Pil-Hoon Park
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-21 Osongsaengmyeong1-ro, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160 Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Young Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea.
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Wilkaniec A, Cieślik M, Murawska E, Babiec L, Gąssowska-Dobrowolska M, Pałasz E, Jęśko H, Adamczyk A. P2X7 Receptor is Involved in Mitochondrial Dysfunction Induced by Extracellular Alpha Synuclein in Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113959. [PMID: 32486485 PMCID: PMC7312811 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The purinergic P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) belongs to a family of trimeric ion channels that are gated by extracellular adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP). Several studies have pointed to a role of P2X7R-dependent signalling in Parkinson's disease (PD)-related neurodegeneration. The pathology of (PD) is characterized by the formation of insoluble alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) aggregates—Lewy bodies, but the mechanisms underlying α-Syn-induced dopaminergic cell death are still partially unclear. Our previous studies indicate that extracellular α-Syn directly interact with neuronal P2X7R and induces intracellular free calcium mobilization in neuronal cells. The main objective of this study was to examine the involvement of P2X7R receptor in α-Syn-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death. We found that P2X7R stimulation is responsible for α-Syn-induced oxidative stress and activation of the molecular pathways of programmed cell death. Exogenous α-Syn treatment led to P2X7R-dependent decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential as well as elevation of mitochondrial ROS production resulting in breakdown of cellular energy production. Moreover, P2X7R-dependent deregulation of AMP-activated protein kinase as well as decrease in parkin protein level could be responsible for α-Syn-induced mitophagy impairment and accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria. P2X7R might be putative pharmacological targets in molecular mechanism of extracellular α-Syn toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wilkaniec
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (M.C.); (L.B.); (M.G.-D.); (E.P.); (H.J.); (A.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-608-66-00; Fax: +48-22-608-64-13
| | - Magdalena Cieślik
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (M.C.); (L.B.); (M.G.-D.); (E.P.); (H.J.); (A.A.)
| | - Emilia Murawska
- Department of Applied Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Warsaw University, Miecznikowa 1 Street, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Lidia Babiec
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (M.C.); (L.B.); (M.G.-D.); (E.P.); (H.J.); (A.A.)
| | - Magdalena Gąssowska-Dobrowolska
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (M.C.); (L.B.); (M.G.-D.); (E.P.); (H.J.); (A.A.)
| | - Ewelina Pałasz
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (M.C.); (L.B.); (M.G.-D.); (E.P.); (H.J.); (A.A.)
| | - Henryk Jęśko
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (M.C.); (L.B.); (M.G.-D.); (E.P.); (H.J.); (A.A.)
| | - Agata Adamczyk
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (M.C.); (L.B.); (M.G.-D.); (E.P.); (H.J.); (A.A.)
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10
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Wang T, Zhu Q, Cao B, Yuan Y, Wen S, Liu Z. Cadmium induces mitophagy via AMP-activated protein kinases activation in a PINK1/Parkin-dependent manner in PC12 cells. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12817. [PMID: 32396704 PMCID: PMC7309594 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Cadmium (Cd) induces mitophagy in neuronal cells, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate these mechanisms. Materials and methods The effects of Cd on the mitophagy in rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells were detected, and the role of PINK1/Parkin pathway in Cd‐induced mitophagy was also analysed by using PINK1 siRNA. In order to explore the relationship between AMPK and PINK1/Parkin in Cd‐induced mitophagy in PC12 cells, the CRISPR‐Cas9 system was used to knock down AMPK expression. Results The results showed that Cd treatment triggered a significant increase in mitophagosome formation and the colocalization of mitochondria and lysosomes, which was further proved by the colocalization of LC3 puncta and its receptors NDP52 or P62 with mitochondria in PC12 cells. Moreover, an accumulation of PINK1 and Parkin was found in mitochondria. Additionally, upon PINK1 knock‐down using PINK1 siRNA, Cd‐induced mitophagy was efficiently suppressed. Interestingly, chemical or genetic reversal of AMPK activation: (a) significantly inhibited the activation of mitophagy and (b) promoted NLRP3 activation by inhibiting PINK/Parkin translocation. Conclusions These results suggest that Cd induces mitophagy via the PINK/Parkin pathway following AMPK activation in PC12 cells. Targeting the balanced activity of AMPK/PINK1/Parkin‐mediated mitophagy signalling may be a potential therapeutic approach to treat Cd‐induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiaoping Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Binbin Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuangquan Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zongping Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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11
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Muñoz-Arenas G, Pulido G, Treviño S, Vázquez-Roque R, Flores G, Moran C, Handal-Silva A, Guevara J, Venegas B, Díaz A. Effects of metformin on recognition memory and hippocampal neuroplasticity in rats with metabolic syndrome. Synapse 2020; 74:e22153. [PMID: 32190918 DOI: 10.1002/syn.22153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a health problem that is characterized by body fat accumulation, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia; recently, it has been demonstrated that MS also damages memory processes. The first-line drug in the treatment of MS and type 2 diabetes mellitus is metformin, which is an antihyperglycemic agent. This drug has been shown to produce neuroprotection and to improve memory processes. However, the mechanism involved in this neuroprotection is unknown. A 90-day administration of metformin improved the cognitive processes of rats with MS as evaluated by the novel object recognition test, and this finding could be explained by an increase in the neuronal spine density and spine length. We also found that metformin increased the immunoreactivity of synaptophysin, sirtuin-1, AMP-activated protein kinase, and brain-derived neuronal factor, which are important plasticity markers. We conclude that metformin is an important therapeutic agent that increases neural plasticity and protects cognitive processes. The use of this drug is important in the minimization of the damage caused by MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Muñoz-Arenas
- Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Benemerita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Pulido
- Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Benemerita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Samuel Treviño
- Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Benemerita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Rubén Vázquez-Roque
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatria, Instituto de Fisiologia, Benemerita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Gonzalo Flores
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatria, Instituto de Fisiologia, Benemerita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Carolina Moran
- Laboratorio de Histologia, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemerita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Anabella Handal-Silva
- Departamento de Biologia y Toxicologia de la Reproduccion, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemerita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Jorge Guevara
- Departamento de Bioquimica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Berenice Venegas
- Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Benemerita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Alfonso Díaz
- Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Benemerita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
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12
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Abstract
Organismal aging is accompanied by a host of progressive metabolic alterations and an accumulation of senescent cells, along with functional decline and the appearance of multiple diseases. This implies that the metabolic features of cell senescence may contribute to the organism’s metabolic changes and be closely linked to age-associated diseases, especially metabolic syndromes. However, there is no clear understanding of senescent metabolic characteristics. Here, we review key metabolic features and regulators of cellular senescence, focusing on mitochondrial dysfunction and anabolic deregulation, and their link to other senescence phenotypes and aging. We further discuss the mechanistic involvement of the metabolic regulators mTOR, AMPK, and GSK3, proposing them as key metabolic switches for modulating senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Mee Kwon
- Departments of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Sun Mi Hong
- Departments of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences (BK21 Plus), Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Young-Kyoung Lee
- Departments of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Seongki Min
- Departments of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences (BK21 Plus), Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Gyesoon Yoon
- Departments of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences (BK21 Plus), Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
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13
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Effects and mechanism of epigallocatechin-3-gallate on apoptosis and mTOR/AKT/GSK-3β pathway in substantia nigra neurons in Parkinson rats. Neuroreport 2019; 30:60-65. [PMID: 30571663 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the protective effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on apoptosis and mTOR/AKT/GSK-3β pathway in substantia nigra neurons in 6-dopamine-induced Parkinson rats. A total of 30 healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into control group, the Parkinson model group, and Parkinson model+EGCG treatment group. The model and EGCG groups were injected into the right striatum with 6-OHDA to establish the Parkinson model, and the control group was injected with saline only. The EGCG group was intragastrically administered with EGCG 50 mg/kg daily for 4 weeks. The rats' turns, speed, and left forelimb usage; neuron apoptosis by TUNEL; and the α-synuclein protein expression in substantia nigra by immunohistochemical staining were studied. Western blotting was used to detect the relative protein (mTOR, AKT and GSK-3β) expressions. Compared with the model group, the EGCG group significantly reduced the rotation speed; increased the left forelimb usage (P<0.01); reduced the neuron apoptosis (P<0.01); decreased α-synuclein expression (P<0.01); and decreased the mTOR, AKT, and GSK-3β protein expressions (P<0.01). EGCG can reduce neuron cell apoptosis in substantia nigra neurons in 6-OHDA-induced Parkinson rats. The mechanism might be related to mTOR/AKT/GSK-3β activation.
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14
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Zhang Y, Xu N, Ding Y, Doycheva DM, Zhang Y, Li Q, Flores J, Haghighiabyaneh M, Tang J, Zhang JH. Chemerin reverses neurological impairments and ameliorates neuronal apoptosis through ChemR23/CAMKK2/AMPK pathway in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:97. [PMID: 30718467 PMCID: PMC6362229 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1374-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a devastating neurological event that contributes to the prolonged neurodevelopmental consequences in infants. Therapeutic strategies focused on attenuating neuronal apoptosis in the penumbra appears to be promising. Given the increasingly recognized neuroprotective roles of adipokines in HIE, we investigated the potential anti-apoptotic roles of a novel member of adipokines, Chemerin, in an experimental model of HIE. In the present study, 10-day-old rat pups underwent right common carotid artery ligation followed by 2.5 h hypoxia. At 1 h post hypoxia, pups were intranasally administered with human recombinant chemerin (rh-chemerin). Here, we showed that rh-chemerin prevented the neuronal apoptosis and degeneration as evidenced by the decreased expression of the pro-apoptotic markers, cleaved caspase 3 and Bax, as well as the numbers of Fluoro-Jade C and TUNEL-positive neurons. Furthermore, rh-Chemerin reversed neurological and morphological impairments induced by hypoxia-ischemia in neonatal rats at 24 h and 4 weeks after HIE. In addition, chemerin-mediated neuronal survival correlated with the elevation of chemerin receptor 23 (chemR23), phosphorylated calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CAMKK2), as well as phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Specific inhibition of chemR23, CAMKK2, and AMPK abolished the anti-apoptotic effects of rh-chemerin at 24 h after HIE, demonstrating that rh-chemerin ameliorated neuronal apoptosis partially via activating chemR23/CAMKK2/AMPK signaling pathway. Neuronal apoptosis is a well-established contributing factor of pathological changes and the neurological impairment after HIE. These results revealed mechanisms of neuroprotection by rh-chemerin, and indicated that activation of chemR23 might be harnessed to protect from neuronal apoptosis in HIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Ningbo Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Yan Ding
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Desislava Met Doycheva
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Yiting Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Jerry Flores
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Mina Haghighiabyaneh
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Jiping Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA.
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Neurosurgery and Neurology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA.
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15
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Østergaard L, Jørgensen MB, Knudsen GM. Low on energy? An energy supply-demand perspective on stress and depression. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 94:248-270. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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16
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Fortenbery GW, Sarathy B, Carraway KR, Mansfield KD. Hypoxic stabilization of mRNA is HIF-independent but requires mtROS. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2018; 23:48. [PMID: 30305827 PMCID: PMC6172842 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-018-0112-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tissue ischemia can arise in response to numerous physiologic and pathologic conditions. The cellular response to decreased perfusion, most notably a decrease in glucose and oxygen, is important for cellular survival. In response to oxygen deprivation or hypoxia, one of the key response elements is hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) and a key protein induced by hypoxia is vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Under hypoxia, we and others have reported an increase in the half-life of VEGF and other hypoxia related mRNAs including MYC and CYR61; however, the mediator of this response has yet to be identified. For this study, we sought to determine if HIF-mediated transcriptional activity is involved in the mRNA stabilization induced by hypoxia. Methods HEK293T or C6 cells were cultured in either normoxic or hypoxic (1% oxygen) conditions in the presence of 1 g/L glucose for all experiments. Pharmacological treatments were used to mimic hypoxia (desferroxamine, dimethyloxaloglutamate, CoCl2), inhibit mitochondrial respiration (rotenone, myxothiazol), scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS; ebselen), or generate mitochondrial ROS (antimycin A). siRNAs were used to knock down components of the HIF transcriptional apparatus. mRNA half-life was determined via actinomycin D decay and real time PCR and western blotting was used to determine mRNA and protein levels respectively. Results Treatment of HEK293T or C6 cells with hypoxic mimetics, desferroxamine, dimethyloxaloglutamate, or CoCl2 showed similar induction of HIF compared to hypoxia treatment, however, in contrast to hypoxia, the mimetics caused no significant increase in VEGF, MYC or CYR61 mRNA half-life. Knockdown of HIF-alpha or ARNT via siRNA also had no effect on hypoxic mRNA stabilization. Interestingly, treatment of HEK293T cells with the mitochondrial inhibitors rotenone and myxothiazol, or the glutathione peroxidase mimetic ebselen did prevent the hypoxic stabilization of VEGF, MYC, and CYR61, suggesting a role for mtROS in the process. Additionally, treatment with antimycin A, which has been shown to generate mtROS, was able to drive the normoxic stabilization of these mRNAs. Conclusion Overall these data suggest that hypoxic mRNA stabilization is independent of HIF transcriptional activity but requires mtROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grey W Fortenbery
- 1Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834 USA
| | - Brinda Sarathy
- 2Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834 USA
| | - Kristen R Carraway
- 2Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834 USA
| | - Kyle D Mansfield
- 2Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834 USA
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17
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Leem YH, Chang H. The ameliorating effect of exercise on long-term memory impairment and dendritic retraction via the mild activation of AMP-activated protein kinase in chronically stressed hippocampal CA1 neurons. J Exerc Nutrition Biochem 2018; 22:35-41. [PMID: 30343560 PMCID: PMC6199488 DOI: 10.20463/jenb.2018.0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] Chronic stress affects the neuronal architecture of hippocampal subfields including the Cornu Ammonis 1 (CA1) region, which governs long-term memory. Exercise exerts a beneficial effect on memory improvement via hippocampal AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation. However, the relationship between the two phenomena is poorly understood. This study used animal and cell culture experimental systems to investigate whether chronic stress-induced impairment of memory consolidation and maladaptation of the neuronal architecture in the hippocampal CA1 area is prevented by regular exercise through AMPK activation. [Methods] Mice underwent four weeks of treadmill running with or without a 6h/21d-restraint stress regimen, along with treatment with Compound C. Memory consolidation was assessed using the Morris Water Maze (MWM). Dendritic rearrangement of hippocampal CA1 neurons was evaluated using the Golgi-Cox stain and Sholl analysis. Additionally, the primary hippocampal culture system was adopted for in vitro experiments. [Results] Chronic stress-induced failure of memory retention and reduction in AMPK activation were ameliorated by the exercise regimen. Chronic stress-or repeated corticosterone (CORT)-provoked malformation of the neuronal architecture was also suppressed by both exercise and treatment with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR). [Conclusion] Chronic stress causes dendritic retraction among dorsal hippocampal CA1 neurons via the downregulation of AMPK activation, thereby leading to failure of memory retention. In contrast, regular exercise protects against chronic stress-evoked defects in memory consolidation and changes in neuronal morphology in the dorsal hippocampal CA1 area via mild activation of AMPK.
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18
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Wang Z, Zhou W, Dong H, Ma X, He Z. Dexmedetomidine pretreatment inhibits cerebral ischemia/reperfusion‑induced neuroinflammation via activation of AMPK. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:3957-3964. [PMID: 30106098 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Focal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury induced cerebral inflammation, aggravates brain damage. The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective mechanisms of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on I/R brain injury in rats. Sprague‑Dawley rats were divided to seven experimental groups (18 rats/group): Sham surgery; middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) surgery (90 min); DEX10 [10 µg/kg intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection 30 min prior to MCAO]; DEX50 (50 µg/kg i.p. 30 min prior to MCAO); DEX100 (100 µg/kg i.p. 30 min prior to MCAO); DEX50+Yohimbine [YOH; 5 mg/kg 10 min prior to DEX (50 µg/kg i.p.) administration and MCAO] and YOH (5 mg/kg 40 min prior to MCAO). At 24 h post‑MCAO surgery, neurological deficit was examined by staining damaged brain tissues with 2,3,5‑triphenyltetrazolium chloride. Neuronal apoptosis in the cerebral cortex was histologically assessed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl‑transferase‑mediated dUTP nick end labeling staining, and the expression levels of phosphorylated (p)‑AMP‑activated protein kinase (AMPK; Thr172) was detected by western blotting. In addition, the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‑α and interleukin (IL)‑1β were assessed by ELISA. At days 1, 2 and 5 following I/R, motor functions were assessed by an observer blinded to the study. The brain infarct size, neurological deficit scores, number of apoptotic neurons, expression levels of pro‑inflammatory cytokines TNF‑α and IL‑1β were increased following MCAO, whereas the motor function scores were reduced. Pretreatment with DEX prior to MCAO can reverse the effects induced by I/R. Compared with rats in the Sham group, the expression levels of p‑AMPK were mildly increased in the MCAO group and highly increased in the three DEX‑treatment groups. Pretreatment with YOH reversed the above effects of DEX and produced a similar level of cerebral I/R injury. The results demonstrated that precondition with DEX exhibited anti‑inflammatory effects on brain ischemic injury mediated by AMPK signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhong Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, South Campus, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201112, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, South Campus, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201112, P.R. China
| | - Haiping Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, South Campus, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201112, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxiao Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, South Campus, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201112, P.R. China
| | - Zhenzhou He
- Department of Anesthesiology, South Campus, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201112, P.R. China
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Zhu J, Liu K, Huang K, Gu Y, Hu Y, Pan S, Ji Z. Metformin Improves Neurologic Outcome Via AMP-Activated Protein Kinase-Mediated Autophagy Activation in a Rat Model of Cardiac Arrest and Resuscitation. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:e008389. [PMID: 29895585 PMCID: PMC6220525 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.008389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sudden cardiac arrest (CA) often results in severe injury to the brain, and neuroprotection after CA has proved to be difficult to achieve. Herein, we sought to investigate the effects of metformin pretreatment on brain injury secondary to CA and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. METHODS AND RESULTS Rats were subjected to 9-minute asphyxial CA after receiving daily metformin treatment for 2 weeks. Survival rate, neurologic deficit scores, neuronal loss, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and autophagy activation were assessed at indicated time points within the first 7 days after return of spontaneous circulation. Our results showed that metformin pretreatment elevated the 7-day survival rate from 55% to 85% and significantly reduced neurologic deficit scores. Moreover, metformin ameliorated CA-induced neuronal degeneration and glial activation in the hippocampal CA1 region, which was accompanied by augmented AMPK phosphorylation and autophagy activation in affected neuronal tissue. Inhibition of AMPK or autophagy with pharmacological inhibitors abolished metformin-afforded neuroprotection, and augmented autophagy induction by metformin treatment appeared downstream of AMPK activation. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our data demonstrate, for the first time, that metformin confers neuroprotection against ischemic brain injury after CA/cardiopulmonary resuscitation by augmenting AMPK-dependent autophagy activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Kewei Liu
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Kaibin Huang
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Gu
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Yafang Hu
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Suyue Pan
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhong Ji
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
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20
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Xu N, Zhang Y, Doycheva DM, Ding Y, Zhang Y, Tang J, Guo H, Zhang JH. Adiponectin attenuates neuronal apoptosis induced by hypoxia-ischemia via the activation of AdipoR1/APPL1/LKB1/AMPK pathway in neonatal rats. Neuropharmacology 2018; 133:415-428. [PMID: 29486166 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Adiponectin is an important adipocyte-derived plasma protein that has beneficial effects on cardio- and cerebrovascular diseases. A low level of plasma Adiponectin is associated with increased mortality post ischemic stroke; however, little is known about the causal role of Adiponectin as well as its molecular mechanisms in neonatal hypoxia ischemia (HI). In the present study, ten-day-old rat pups were subjected to right common carotid artery ligation followed by 2.5 h hypoxia. Recombinant human Adiponectin (rh-Adiponectin) was administered intranasally 1 h post HI. Adiponectin Receptor 1 (AdipoR1) siRNA, APPL1 siRNA, LKB1 siRNA were administered through intracerebroventricular injection 48 h before HI. Brain infarct area measurement, neurological function test, western blot, Fluoro Jade C (FJC), TUNEL, and immunofluorescence staining were conducted. Results revealed that endogenous Adiponectin, AdipoR1 and APPL1 were increased in a time dependent manner after HI. Administration of rh-Adiponectin reduced brain infarct area, neuronal apoptosis, brain atrophy and improved neurological function at 24 h and 4 weeks post HI. Furthermore, rh-Adiponectin treatment increased Adiponectin, AdipoR1, APPL1, cytosolic LKB1, p-AMPK expression levels and thereby attenuated apoptosis as shown by the decreased expression of the pro-apoptotic marker, Cleaved Caspase 3 (C-Cas3), as well as the number of FJC and TUNEL positively stained neurons. AdipoR1, APPL1 and LKB1 siRNAs abolished the anti-apoptotic effects of rh-Adiponectin at 24 h after HI. Collectively, the data provided evidence that intranasal administration of rh-Adiponectin attenuated neuronal apoptosis at least in part via activating AdipoR1/APPL1/LKB1/AMPK signaling pathway. Adiponectin could represent a therapeutic target for treatment of neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy.
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MESH Headings
- AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Adiponectin/therapeutic use
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Body Weight/drug effects
- Brain Infarction/drug therapy
- Brain Infarction/etiology
- Caspase 3/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Escape Reaction/drug effects
- Female
- Fluoresceins/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation/genetics
- Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain/drug therapy
- Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain/pathology
- In Situ Nick-End Labeling
- Male
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism
- Neurologic Examination
- Neurons/drug effects
- Protein Kinases/genetics
- Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Adiponectin/genetics
- Receptors, Adiponectin/metabolism
- Reflex/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Statistics, Nonparametric
- Swimming/physiology
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningbo Xu
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Yixin Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Desislava Met Doycheva
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Yan Ding
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Yiting Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Jiping Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Hongbo Guo
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China.
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Neurosurgery and Neurology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
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Increased frequency of AMP-activated protein kinase-positive spinal motor neurons after sciatic nerve injury in a mouse model. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2018; 34:301-306. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kjms.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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You L, Jin S, Zhu L, Qian W. Autophagy, autophagy-associated adaptive immune responses and its role in hematologic malignancies. Oncotarget 2017; 8:12374-12388. [PMID: 27902471 PMCID: PMC5355352 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a tightly regulated catabolic process that leads to the degradation of cytoplasmatic components such as aggregated/misfolded proteins and organelles through the lysosomal machinery. Recent studies suggest that autophagy plays such a role in the context of the anti-tumor immune response, make it an attractive target for cancer immunotherapy. Defective autophagy in hematopoietic stem cells may contribute to the development of hematologic malignancies, including leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, and lymphoproliferative disorder. In blood cancer cells, autophagy can either result in chemoresistance or induce autophagic cell death that may act as immunogenic. Based on the successful experimental findings in vitro and in vivo, clinical trials of autophagy inhibitor such as hydroxychloroquine in combination with chemotherapy in patients with blood cancers are currently underway. However, autophagy inactivation might impair autophagy-triggered anticancer immunity, whereas induction of autophagy might become an effective immunotherapy. These aspects are discussed in this review together with a brief introduction to the autophagic molecular machinery and its roles in hematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangshun You
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, P.R. China
| | - Shenhe Jin
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, P.R. China
| | - Wenbin Qian
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, P.R. China
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Zeidler JD, Fernandes-Siqueira LO, Carvalho AS, Cararo-Lopes E, Dias MH, Ketzer LA, Galina A, Da Poian AT. Short-term starvation is a strategy to unravel the cellular capacity of oxidizing specific exogenous/endogenous substrates in mitochondria. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:14176-14187. [PMID: 28663370 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.786582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial oxidation of nutrients is tightly regulated in response to the cellular environment and changes in energy demands. In vitro studies evaluating the mitochondrial capacity of oxidizing different substrates are important for understanding metabolic shifts in physiological adaptations and pathological conditions, but may be influenced by the nutrients present in the culture medium or by the utilization of endogenous stores. One such influence is exemplified by the Crabtree effect (the glucose-mediated inhibition of mitochondrial respiration) as most in vitro experiments are performed in glucose-containing media. Here, using high-resolution respirometry, we evaluated the oxidation of endogenous or exogenous substrates by cell lines harboring different metabolic profiles. We found that a 1-h deprivation of the main energetic nutrients is an appropriate strategy to abolish interference of endogenous or undesirable exogenous substrates with the cellular capacity of oxidizing specific substrates, namely glutamine, pyruvate, glucose, or palmitate, in mitochondria. This approach primed mitochondria to immediately increase their oxygen consumption after the addition of the exogenous nutrients. All starved cells could oxidize exogenous glutamine, whereas the capacity for oxidizing palmitate was limited to human hepatocarcinoma Huh7 cells and to C2C12 mouse myoblasts that differentiated into myotubes. In the presence of exogenous glucose, starvation decreased the Crabtree effect in Huh7 and C2C12 cells and abrogated it in mouse neuroblastoma N2A cells. Interestingly, the fact that the Crabtree effect was observed only for mitochondrial basal respiration but not for the maximum respiratory capacity suggests it is not caused by a direct effect on the electron transport system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianna D Zeidler
- From the Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil,.
| | - Lorena O Fernandes-Siqueira
- From the Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Ana S Carvalho
- From the Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Cararo-Lopes
- Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Matheus H Dias
- Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil
| | - Luisa A Ketzer
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Pólo de Xerém, Duque de Caxias 25245-390, Brazil
| | - Antonio Galina
- From the Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Andrea T Da Poian
- From the Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil,.
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Subversion of Host Responses to Energy Insufficiency by Us3 Supports Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Replication during Stress. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.00295-17. [PMID: 28468873 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00295-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular stress responses to energy insufficiency can impact virus reproduction. In particular, activation of the host AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) by low energy could limit protein synthesis by inhibiting mTORC1. Although many herpesviruses, including herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), stimulate mTORC1, how HSV-1-infected cells respond to energy availability, a physiological indicator regulating mTORC1, has not been investigated. In addition, the impact of low-energy stress on productive HSV-1 growth and viral genetic determinants potentially enabling replication under physiological stress remains undefined. Here, we demonstrate that mTORC1 activity in HSV-1-infected cells is largely insensitive to stress induced by simulated energy insufficiency. Furthermore, resistance of mTORC1 activity to low-energy-induced stress, while not significantly influenced by the HSV-1 UL46-encoded phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt activator, was dependent upon the Ser/Thr kinase activity of Us3. A Us3-deficient virus was hypersensitive to low-energy-induced stress as infected cell protein synthesis and productive replication were reduced compared to levels in cells infected with a Us3-expressing virus. Although Us3 did not detectably prevent energy stress-induced AMPK activation, it enforced mTORC1 activation despite the presence of activated AMPK. In the absence of applied low-energy stress, AMPK activity in infected cells was restricted in a Us3-dependent manner. This establishes that the Us3 kinase not only activated mTORC1 but also enabled sustained mTORC1 signaling during simulated energy insufficiency that would otherwise restrict protein synthesis and virus replication. Moreover, it identifies the alphaherpesvirus-specific Us3 kinase as an mTORC1 activator that subverts the host cell energy-sensing program to support viral productive growth irrespective of physiological stress.IMPORTANCE Like all viruses, herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) reproduction relies upon numerous host energy-intensive processes, the most demanding of which is protein synthesis. In response to low energy, the cellular AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) triggers a physiological stress response that antagonizes mTORC1, a multisubunit host kinase that controls protein synthesis. This could restrict virus protein production and growth. Here, we establish that the HSV-1 Us3 protein kinase subverts the normal response to low-energy-induced stress. While Us3 does not prevent AMPK activation by low energy, it enforces mTORC1 activation and overrides a physiological response that couples energy availability and protein synthesis. These results help explain how reproduction of HSV-1, a ubiquitous, medically significant human pathogen causing a spectrum of diseases ranging from the benign to the life threatening, occurs during physiological stress. This is important because HSV-1 reproduction triggered by physiological stress is characteristic of reactivation of lifelong latent infections.
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25
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Abdelgadir E, Ali R, Rashid F, Bashier A. Effect of Metformin on Different Non-Diabetes Related Conditions, a Special Focus on Malignant Conditions: Review of Literature. J Clin Med Res 2017; 9:388-395. [PMID: 28392858 PMCID: PMC5380171 DOI: 10.14740/jocmr2922e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin has been proven to be one of the most safe and effective antihyperglycemic agents. Through more than six decades of metformin use, it became the most studied hypoglycemic agent; through these studies, it showed a marvelous non-glycemic related effect. These effects include modulation of different points of cancer timeline, weight reduction, cardiovascular health, thyroid diseases, polycystic ovaries disease and many other medical conditions. The aim of this review was to assess the effect of metformin on non-diabetes related medical diseases. We have examined the studies published in PubMed and summarized different randomized controlled trials, observational trials and review articles. This review has summarized most of the non-glycemic effects of metformin. Metformin has been solidly shown to be effective in weight control with certain medications, effective in neuroprotection, in endothelial health, in control of anti-HIV agent side effects and many other crucial health jeopardies. The effects in cancer timeline modulation have taken the biggest part, since it was the most studied area outside the diabetes field. Having mentioned all the above privileges, and in addition to the robust evidence in glycemic control, this consolidates the position of metformin as a first line agent in treatment of diabetes and pre-diabetes. Perhaps in the near future, we may see other indications to use metformin in non-diabetes patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Razan Ali
- Dubai Hospital, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, UAE
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26
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Carraway KR, Johnson EM, Kauffmann TC, Fry NJ, Mansfield KD. Hypoxia and Hypoglycemia synergistically regulate mRNA stability. RNA Biol 2017; 14:938-951. [PMID: 28362162 PMCID: PMC5546718 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2017.1311456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic events, common in many diseases, result from decreased blood flow and impaired delivery of oxygen and glucose to tissues of the body. While much is known about the cellular transcriptional response to ischemia, much less is known about the posttranscriptional response to oxygen and glucose deprivation. The goal of this project was to investigate one such posttranscriptional response, the regulation of mRNA stability. To that end, we have identified several novel ischemia-related mRNAs that are synergistically stabilized by oxygen and glucose deprivation including VEGF, MYC, MDM2, and CYR61. This increase in mRNA half-life requires the synergistic effects of both low oxygen (1%) as well as low glucose (≤ 1 g/L) conditions. Oxygen or glucose deprivation alone fails to initiate the response, as exposure to either high glucose (4 g/L) or normoxic conditions inhibits the response. Furthermore, in response to hypoxia/hypoglycemia, the identified mRNAs are released from the RNA binding protein KHSRP which likely contributes to their stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen R Carraway
- a Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine , East Carolina University , Greenville , NC , USA
| | - Ellen M Johnson
- a Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine , East Carolina University , Greenville , NC , USA
| | - Travis C Kauffmann
- b Brody School of Medicine , East Carolina University , Greenville , NC , USA
| | - Nate J Fry
- a Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine , East Carolina University , Greenville , NC , USA
| | - Kyle D Mansfield
- a Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine , East Carolina University , Greenville , NC , USA
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27
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Pineda-Ramírez N, Gutiérrez Aguilar GF, Espinoza-Rojo M, Aguilera P. Current evidence for AMPK activation involvement on resveratrol-induced neuroprotection in cerebral ischemia. Nutr Neurosci 2017; 21:229-247. [DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2017.1284361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Narayana Pineda-Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Patología Vascular Cerebral, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía ‘Manuel Velasco Suárez’, Ciudad de México, 14269, México
| | - Germán Fernando Gutiérrez Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Patología Vascular Cerebral, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía ‘Manuel Velasco Suárez’, Ciudad de México, 14269, México
| | - Mónica Espinoza-Rojo
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, 39087, México
| | - Penélope Aguilera
- Laboratorio de Patología Vascular Cerebral, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía ‘Manuel Velasco Suárez’, Ciudad de México, 14269, México
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28
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Castellano-González G, Pichaud N, Ballard JWO, Bessede A, Marcal H, Guillemin GJ. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate induces oxidative phosphorylation by activating cytochrome c oxidase in human cultured neurons and astrocytes. Oncotarget 2016; 7:7426-40. [PMID: 26760769 PMCID: PMC4884929 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and resulting energy impairment have been identified as features of many neurodegenerative diseases. Whether this energy impairment is the cause of the disease or the consequence of preceding impairment(s) is still under discussion, however a recovery of cellular bioenergetics would plausibly prevent or improve the pathology. In this study, we screened different natural molecules for their ability to increase intracellular adenine triphosphate purine (ATP). Among them, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a polyphenol from green tea, presented the most striking results. We found that it increases ATP production in both human cultured astrocytes and neurons with different kinetic parameters and without toxicity. Specifically, we showed that oxidative phosphorylation in human cultured astrocytes and neurons increased at the level of the routine respiration on the cells pre-treated with the natural molecule. Furthermore, EGCG-induced ATP production was only blocked by sodium azide (NaN3) and oligomycin, inhibitors of cytochrome c oxidase (CcO; complex IV) and ATP synthase (complex V) respectively. These findings suggest that the EGCG modulates CcO activity, as confirmed by its enzymatic activity. CcO is known to be regulated differently in neurons and astrocytes. Accordingly, EGCG treatment is acting differently on the kinetic parameters of the two cell types. To our knowledge, this is the first study showing that EGCG promotes CcO activity in human cultured neurons and astrocytes. Considering that CcO dysfunction has been reported in patients having neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), we therefore suggest that EGCG could restore mitochondrial function and prevent subsequent loss of synaptic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Castellano-González
- MND and Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Australian School of Advanced Medicine (ASAM), Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nicolas Pichaud
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - J William O Ballard
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Helder Marcal
- Topical Therapeutics Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gilles J Guillemin
- MND and Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Australian School of Advanced Medicine (ASAM), Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
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29
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Park JY, Kim SN, Yoo J, Jang J, Lee A, Oh JY, Kim H, Oh ST, Park SU, Kim J, Park HJ, Jeon S. Novel Neuroprotective Effects of Melanin-Concentrating Hormone in Parkinson’s Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:7706-7721. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0258-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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30
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Jang S, Kim H, Jeong J, Lee SK, Kim EW, Park M, Kim CH, Lee JE, Namkoong K, Kim E. Blunted response of hippocampal AMPK associated with reduced neurogenesis in older versus younger mice. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2016; 71:57-65. [PMID: 27343360 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2016.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The rate of hippocampal neurogenesis declines with aging. This is partly explained by decreased neural responsiveness to various cues stimulating metabolism. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a pivotal enzyme regulating energy homeostasis in response to metabolic demands, showed the diminished sensitivity in peripheral tissues during aging. AMPK is also known to be involved in neurogenesis. We aimed to see whether AMPK reactivity is also blunted in the aged hippocampus, and thus is associated with aging-related change in neurogenesis. Following subchronic (7days) intraperitoneal and acute intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of either 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR; AMPK activator) or saline (sham) to young (16-week-old) and old (72-week-old) mice, we measured changes in AMPK activity, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression or neurogenesis in the hippocampus. AICAR-induced changes in AMPK activity were observed in the hippocampus of young mice after acute i.c.v. injection. However, neither subchronic nor acute treatment induced significant changes in AMPK activity in old mice. Intriguingly, directions of AICAR-induced changes in AMPK activity were opposite between the hippocampus (decrease) and skeletal muscle (increase). ATP levels were inversely correlated with hippocampal AMPK activity, suggesting that the higher energy levels achieved by AICAR treatment might deactivate neuronal AMPK in young mice. The blunted response of AMPK to AICAR in old age was also indicated by the observations that the levels of neurogenesis and BDNF expression were significantly changed only in young mice upon AICAR treatment. Our findings suggest that the blunted response of neuronal AMPK in old age might be responsible for aging-associated decline in neurogenesis. Therefore, in addition to activation of AMPK, recovering its sensitivity may be necessary to enhance hippocampal neurogenesis in old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sooah Jang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyunjeong Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jihyeon Jeong
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Su Kyoung Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun Woo Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Minsun Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chul Hoon Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacology,Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong Eun Lee
- Department of Anatomy,Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kee Namkoong
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eosu Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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31
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Cunha RA. How does adenosine control neuronal dysfunction and neurodegeneration? J Neurochem 2016; 139:1019-1055. [PMID: 27365148 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The adenosine modulation system mostly operates through inhibitory A1 (A1 R) and facilitatory A2A receptors (A2A R) in the brain. The activity-dependent release of adenosine acts as a brake of excitatory transmission through A1 R, which are enriched in glutamatergic terminals. Adenosine sharpens salience of information encoding in neuronal circuits: high-frequency stimulation triggers ATP release in the 'activated' synapse, which is locally converted by ecto-nucleotidases into adenosine to selectively activate A2A R; A2A R switch off A1 R and CB1 receptors, bolster glutamate release and NMDA receptors to assist increasing synaptic plasticity in the 'activated' synapse; the parallel engagement of the astrocytic syncytium releases adenosine further inhibiting neighboring synapses, thus sharpening the encoded plastic change. Brain insults trigger a large outflow of adenosine and ATP, as a danger signal. A1 R are a hurdle for damage initiation, but they desensitize upon prolonged activation. However, if the insult is near-threshold and/or of short-duration, A1 R trigger preconditioning, which may limit the spread of damage. Brain insults also up-regulate A2A R, probably to bolster adaptive changes, but this heightens brain damage since A2A R blockade affords neuroprotection in models of epilepsy, depression, Alzheimer's, or Parkinson's disease. This initially involves a control of synaptotoxicity by neuronal A2A R, whereas astrocytic and microglia A2A R might control the spread of damage. The A2A R signaling mechanisms are largely unknown since A2A R are pleiotropic, coupling to different G proteins and non-canonical pathways to control the viability of glutamatergic synapses, neuroinflammation, mitochondria function, and cytoskeleton dynamics. Thus, simultaneously bolstering A1 R preconditioning and preventing excessive A2A R function might afford maximal neuroprotection. The main physiological role of the adenosine modulation system is to sharp the salience of information encoding through a combined action of adenosine A2A receptors (A2A R) in the synapse undergoing an alteration of synaptic efficiency with an increased inhibitory action of A1 R in all surrounding synapses. Brain insults trigger an up-regulation of A2A R in an attempt to bolster adaptive plasticity together with adenosine release and A1 R desensitization; this favors synaptotocity (increased A2A R) and decreases the hurdle to undergo degeneration (decreased A1 R). Maximal neuroprotection is expected to result from a combined A2A R blockade and increased A1 R activation. This article is part of a mini review series: "Synaptic Function and Dysfunction in Brain Diseases".
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo A Cunha
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,FMUC-Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Yuan SY, Liu J, Zhou J, Lu W, Zhou HY, Long LH, Hu ZL, Ni L, Wang Y, Chen JG, Wang F. AMPK Mediates Glucocorticoids Stress-Induced Downregulation of the Glucocorticoid Receptor in Cultured Rat Prefrontal Cortical Astrocytes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159513. [PMID: 27513844 PMCID: PMC4981361 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress induces altered energy metabolism and plays important roles in the etiology of depression, in which the glucocorticoid negative feedback is disrupted due to imbalanced glucocorticoid receptor (GR) functions. The mechanism underlying the dysregulation of GR by chronic stress remains elusive. In this study, we investigated the role of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), the key enzyme regulating cellular energy metabolism, and related signaling pathways in chronic stress-induced GR dysregulation. In cultured rat cortical astrocytes, glucocorticoid treatment decreased the level, which was accompanied by the decreased expression of liver kinase B1 (LKB1) and reduced phosphorylation of AMPK. Glucocorticoid-induced effects were attenuated by glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) inhibitor GSK650394, which also inhibited glucocorticoid induced phosphorylation of Forkhead box O3a (FOXO3a). Furthermore, glucocorticoid-induced down-regulation of GR was mimicked by the inhibition of AMPK and abolished by the AMPK activators or the histone deacetylase 5 (HDAC5) inhibitors. In line with the role of AMPK in GR expression, AMPK activator metformin reversed glucocorticoid-induced reduction of AMPK phosphorylation and GR expression as well as behavioral alteration of rats. Taken together, these results suggest that chronic stress activates SGK1 and suppresses the expression of LKB1 via inhibitory phosphorylation of FOXO3a. Downregulated LKB1 contributes to reduced activation of AMPK, leading to the dephosphorylation of HDAC5 and the suppression of transcription of GR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Ying Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jue Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hai-Yun Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Li-Hong Long
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
- The Institute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhuang-Li Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
- The Institute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lan Ni
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
- The Institute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian-Guo Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
- The Institute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
- The Institute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail:
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Yu D, Shen Z, Wu P, Guan X, Chen T, Jin Y, Hu Z, Ni L, Wang F, Chen J, Long L. HFS-Triggered AMPK Activation Phosphorylates GSK3β and Induces E-LTP in Rat Hippocampus In Vivo. CNS Neurosci Ther 2016; 22:525-31. [PMID: 27012879 PMCID: PMC6492836 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a sensor of cellular energy and nutrient status, with substantial amount of cross talk with other signaling pathways, including its phosphorylation by Akt, PKA, and GSK3β. AIMS Various signaling pathways and energy-consuming transport of glutamate receptors subunits are required in synaptic plasticity. However, it is unknown which energy sensors integrate the signaling pathways in these processes. In this article, we elucidated the role of AMPK activation and GSK3β phosphorylation after HFS during the inducement of early-phase long-term potentiation (E-LTP). METHODS Synaptic LTP in vivo was induced by high-frequency stimulation (HFS at 200 Hz at a 5-s interval). In addition, phosphorylation of AMPK and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) were measured using Western blotting. The amount of hippocampal AMP, ADP and ATP was measured by HPLC. RESULTS We showed that the phosphorylation of AMPK and GSK3β was significantly increased by HFS in vivo. HFS-induced AMPK activation occurred via increased (AMP + ADP)/ATP ratio and activation of Ca(2+) /calmodulin-dependent kinase kinase beta (CaMKKβ). Pharmacological inhibition of AMPK by compound C (CC) prevented HFS-induced inhibitory phosphorylation of GSK3β and the induction of LTP in dentate gyrus (DG) area in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal that HFS-triggered AMPK activation phosphorylates GSK3β and induces E-LTP in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan‐Fang Yu
- Department of PharmacologySchool of Basic MedicineTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Zu‐Cheng Shen
- Department of PharmacologySchool of Basic MedicineTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Peng‐Fei Wu
- Department of PharmacologySchool of Basic MedicineTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- The Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST)Ministry of Education of ChinaWuhanChina
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation (HUST)WuhanChina
| | - Xin‐Lei Guan
- Department of PharmacologySchool of Basic MedicineTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of PharmacologySchool of Basic MedicineTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - You Jin
- Department of PharmacologySchool of Basic MedicineTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- The Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST)Ministry of Education of ChinaWuhanChina
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation (HUST)WuhanChina
| | - Zhuang‐Li Hu
- Department of PharmacologySchool of Basic MedicineTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- The Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST)Ministry of Education of ChinaWuhanChina
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation (HUST)WuhanChina
| | - Lan Ni
- Department of PharmacologySchool of Basic MedicineTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- The Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST)Ministry of Education of ChinaWuhanChina
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation (HUST)WuhanChina
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of PharmacologySchool of Basic MedicineTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- The Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST)Ministry of Education of ChinaWuhanChina
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation (HUST)WuhanChina
- The Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric DiseasesThe Institute of Brain ResearchHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Jian‐Guo Chen
- Department of PharmacologySchool of Basic MedicineTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- The Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST)Ministry of Education of ChinaWuhanChina
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation (HUST)WuhanChina
- The Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric DiseasesThe Institute of Brain ResearchHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Li‐Hong Long
- Department of PharmacologySchool of Basic MedicineTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- The Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST)Ministry of Education of ChinaWuhanChina
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation (HUST)WuhanChina
- The Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric DiseasesThe Institute of Brain ResearchHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
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Abstract
Current pharmacological strategies for Parkinson’s disease (PD), the most common neurological movement disorder worldwide, are predominantly symptom relieving and are often plagued with undesirable side effects after prolonged treatment. Despite this, they remain as the mainstay treatment for PD due to the lack of better alternatives. Nutraceuticals are compounds derived from natural food sources that have certain therapeutic value and the advent of which has opened doors to the use of alternative strategies to tackle neurodegenerative diseases such as PD. Notably, nutraceuticals are able to position themselves as a “safer” strategy due to the fact that they are naturally derived compounds, therefore possibly having less side effects. Significant efforts have been put into better comprehending the role of nutraceuticals in PD, and we will look at some of them in this review. Broadly speaking, these compounds execute their positive effects via modulating signalling pathways, inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis, as well as regulating mitochondrial homoeostasis. Importantly, we will highlight how a component of green tea, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), confers neuroprotection in PD via its ability to activate AMP kinase and articulate how its beneficial effects in PD are possibly due to enhancing mitochondrial quality control.
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Kim DM, Leem YH. Chronic stress-induced memory deficits are reversed by regular exercise via AMPK-mediated BDNF induction. Neuroscience 2016; 324:271-85. [PMID: 26975895 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Chronic stress has a detrimental effect on neurological insults, psychiatric deficits, and cognitive impairment. In the current study, chronic stress was shown to impair learning and memory functions, in addition to reducing in hippocampal Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity. Similar reductions were also observed for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), synaptophysin, and post-synaptic density-95 (PSD-95) levels, all of which was counter-regulated by a regime of regular and prolonged exercise. A 21-day restraint stress regimen (6 h/day) produced learning and memory deficits, including reduced alternation in the Y-maze and decreased memory retention in the water maze test. These effects were reversed post-administration by a 3-week regime of treadmill running (19 m/min, 1 h/day, 6 days/week). In hippocampal primary culture, phosphorylated-AMPK (phospho-AMPK) and BDNF levels were enhanced in a dose-dependent manner by 5-amimoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR) treatment, and AICAR-treated increase was blocked by Compound C. A 7-day period of AICAR intraperitoneal injections enhanced alternation in the Y-maze test and reduced escape latency in water maze test, along with enhanced phospho-AMPK and BDNF levels in the hippocampus. The intraperitoneal injection of Compound C every 4 days during exercise intervention diminished exercise-induced enhancement of memory improvement during the water maze test in chronically stressed mice. Also, chronic stress reduced hippocampal neurogenesis (lower Ki-67- and doublecortin-positive cells) and mRNA levels of BDNF, synaptophysin, and PSD-95. Our results suggest that regular and prolonged exercise can alleviate chronic stress-induced hippocampal-dependent memory deficits. Hippocampal AMPK-engaged BDNF induction is at least in part required for exercise-induced protection against chronic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- D-M Kim
- Department of Society of Sports & Leisure Studies, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandea-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Y-H Leem
- Department of Molecular Medicine and TIDRC, School of Medicine, Ewha Women's University, Seoul 158-710, Republic of Korea.
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Activation of Adenosine Monophosphate-activated Protein Kinase Suppresses Neuroinflammation and Ameliorates Bone Cancer Pain: Involvement of Inhibition on Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase. Anesthesiology 2016; 123:1170-85. [PMID: 26378398 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000000856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated kinase (AMPK) has been associated with the inhibition of inflammatory nociception and the attenuation of morphine antinociceptive tolerance. In this study, the authors investigated the impact of AMPK activation through resveratrol treatment on bone cancer pain. METHODS The nociception was assessed by measuring the incidence of foot withdrawal in response to mechanical indentation in rats (n = 8). Cytokine expression was measured using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (n = 8). Cell signalings were assayed by western blot (n = 4) and immunohistochemistry (n = 5). The microglial cell line BV-2, primary astrocytes, and neuron-like SH-SY5Y cells were cultured to investigate the in vitro effects. RESULTS Resveratrol and 5-amino-1-β-D-ribofuranosyl-imidazole-4-carboxamide, the AMPK activators, significantly attenuated bone cancer pain in rats with tumor cell implantation (TCI; threshold of mechanical withdrawal, resveratrol vs. vehicle: 10.1 ± 0.56 vs. 4.1 ± 0.37; 5-amino-1-β-D-ribofuranosyl-imidazole-4-carboxamide vs. vehicle: 8.2 ± 0.17 vs. 4.1 ± 0.37, mean ± SEM); these effects were reversed by the AMPK inhibitor compound C (compound C vs. resveratrol: 6.2 ± 1.35 vs. 10.1 ± 0.56, mean ± SEM). Resveratrol has an AMPK-dependent inhibitory effect on TCI-evoked astrocyte and microglial activation. The antinociceptive effects of resveratrol were partially mediated by the reduced phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and decreased production of proinflammatory cytokines in an AMPK-dependent manner. Furthermore, resveratrol potently inhibited inflammatory factors-mediated protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling in neurons. Acute pain evoked by proinflammatory cytokines in the spinal cord was significantly attenuated by resveratrol. CONCLUSIONS AMPK activation in the spinal glia by resveratrol may have utility in the treatment of TCI-induced neuroinflammation, and our results further implicate AMPK as a novel target for the attenuation of bone cancer pain.
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Abstract
Chronic pain is a major clinical problem that is poorly treated with available therapeutics. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has recently emerged as a novel target for the treatment of pain with the exciting potential for disease modification. AMPK activators inhibit signaling pathways that are known to promote changes in the function and phenotype of peripheral nociceptive neurons and promote chronic pain. AMPK activators also reduce the excitability of these cells suggesting that AMPK activators may be efficacious for the treatment of chronic pain disorders, like neuropathic pain, where changes in the excitability of nociceptors is thought to be an underlying cause. In agreement with this, AMPK activators have now been shown to alleviate pain in a broad variety of preclinical pain models indicating that this mechanism might be engaged for the treatment of many types of pain in the clinic. A key feature of the effect of AMPK activators in these models is that they can lead to a long-lasting reversal of pain hypersensitivity even long after treatment cessation, indicative of disease modification. Here, we review the evidence supporting AMPK as a novel pain target pointing out opportunities for further discovery that are likely to have an impact on drug discovery efforts centered around potent and specific allosteric activators of AMPK for chronic pain treatment.
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Yang SH, Li W, Sumien N, Forster M, Simpkins JW, Liu R. Alternative mitochondrial electron transfer for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and cancers: Methylene blue connects the dots. Prog Neurobiol 2015; 157:273-291. [PMID: 26603930 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Brain has exceptional high requirement for energy metabolism with glucose as the exclusive energy source. Decrease of brain energy metabolism and glucose uptake has been found in patients of Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and other neurodegenerative diseases, providing a clear link between neurodegenerative disorders and energy metabolism. On the other hand, cancers, including glioblastoma, have increased glucose uptake and rely on aerobic glycolysis for energy metabolism. The switch of high efficient oxidative phosphorylation to low efficient aerobic glycolysis pathway (Warburg effect) provides macromolecule for biosynthesis and proliferation. Current research indicates that methylene blue, a century old drug, can receive electron from NADH in the presence of complex I and donates it to cytochrome c, providing an alternative electron transfer pathway. Methylene blue increases oxygen consumption, decrease glycolysis, and increases glucose uptake in vitro. Methylene blue enhances glucose uptake and regional cerebral blood flow in rats upon acute treatment. In addition, methylene blue provides protective effect in neuron and astrocyte against various insults in vitro and in rodent models of Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's disease. In glioblastoma cells, methylene blue reverses Warburg effect by enhancing mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, arrests glioma cell cycle at s-phase, and inhibits glioma cell proliferation. Accordingly, methylene blue activates AMP-activated protein kinase, inhibits downstream acetyl-coA carboxylase and cyclin-dependent kinases. In summary, there is accumulating evidence providing a proof of concept that enhancement of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation via alternative mitochondrial electron transfer may offer protective action against neurodegenerative diseases and inhibit cancers proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Hua Yang
- Center for Neuroscience Discovery, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA.
| | - Wenjun Li
- Center for Neuroscience Discovery, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Nathalie Sumien
- Center for Neuroscience Discovery, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Michael Forster
- Center for Neuroscience Discovery, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - James W Simpkins
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Neuroscience, Health Science Center, West Virginia University, Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Ran Liu
- Center for Neuroscience Discovery, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
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Lopez MS, Dempsey RJ, Vemuganti R. Resveratrol neuroprotection in stroke and traumatic CNS injury. Neurochem Int 2015; 89:75-82. [PMID: 26277384 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Resveratrol, a stilbene formed in many plants in response to various stressors, elicits multiple beneficial effects in vertebrates. Particularly, resveratrol was shown to have therapeutic properties in cancer, atherosclerosis and neurodegeneration. Resveratrol-induced benefits are modulated by multiple synergistic pathways that control oxidative stress, inflammation and cell death. Despite the lack of a definitive mechanism, both in vivo and in vitro studies suggest that resveratrol can induce a neuroprotective state when administered acutely or prior to experimental injury to the CNS. In this review, we discuss the neuroprotective potential of resveratrol in stroke, traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury, with a focus on the molecular pathways responsible for this protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary S Lopez
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Robert J Dempsey
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Raghu Vemuganti
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
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Hang L, Thundyil J, Lim KL. Mitochondrial dysfunction and Parkinson disease: a Parkin-AMPK alliance in neuroprotection. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2015; 1350:37-47. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liting Hang
- Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory; National Neuroscience Institute; Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering; Singapore
| | - John Thundyil
- Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory; National Neuroscience Institute; Singapore
| | - Kah-Leong Lim
- Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory; National Neuroscience Institute; Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering; Singapore
- Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders Program; Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School; Singapore
- Department of Physiology; National University of Singapore; Singapore
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Yue Y, Wu S, Li Z, Li J, Li X, Xiang J, Ding H. Wild jujube polysaccharides protect against experimental inflammatory bowel disease by enabling enhanced intestinal barrier function. Food Funct 2015; 6:2568-77. [PMID: 26114600 DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00378d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Dietary polysaccharides provide various beneficial effects for our health. We investigated the protective effects of wild jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill. var. spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H. F. Chou) sarcocarp polysaccharides (WJPs) against experimental inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) by enabling enhanced intestinal barrier function. Colitis was induced in rats by the intrarectal administration of TNBS. We found that WJPs markedly ameliorated the colitis severity, including less weight loss, decreased disease activity index scores, and improved mucosal damage in colitis rats. Moreover, WJPs suppressed the inflammatory response via attenuation of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and MPO activity in colitis rats. And then, to determine the effect of WJPs on the intestinal barrier, we measured the effect of WJPs on the transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) and FITC-conjugated dextran permeability in Caco-2 cell stimulation with TNF-α. We further demonstrated that the alleviation of WJPs to colon injury was associated with barrier function by assembly of tight junction proteins. Moreover, the effect of WJPs on TER was eliminated by the specific inhibitor of AMPK. AMPK activity was also up-regulated by WJPs in Caco-2 cell stimulation with TNF-α and in colitis rats. This study demonstrates that WJPs protect against IBD by enabling enhanced intestinal barrier function involving the activation of AMPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yue
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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Dong W, Guo W, Zheng X, Wang F, Chen Y, Zhang W, Shi H. Electroacupuncture improves cognitive deficits associated with AMPK activation in SAMP8 mice. Metab Brain Dis 2015; 30:777-84. [PMID: 25502012 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-014-9641-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Perturbations of brain energy metabolism are involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Adenosine monophosphate-activated kinase (AMPK) is a master energy sensor that monitors the levels of key energy metabolites. Electroacupuncture (EA) has demonstrated therapeutic potential for the treatment of AD. The effects of EA on cognitive functions and the changes of AMPK and its phosphorylated form (p-AMPK) expression were investigated in senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) mice. Cognitive function of SAMP8 mice was assessed using Morris water maze test after EA treatment. Then mice were sacrificed for immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. EA stimulation significantly alleviated memory impairment of AD mice, and increased the levels of p-AMPK in the hippocampus. These results suggest that EA improved cognitive function associated with AMPK activation, AMPK may be a molecular target of EA in treating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguo Dong
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, Peoples Republic of China,
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Sestrin2 Protects Dopaminergic Cells against Rotenone Toxicity through AMPK-Dependent Autophagy Activation. Mol Cell Biol 2015; 35:2740-51. [PMID: 26031332 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00285-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of the autophagy-lysosomal pathway (ALP) and the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) was thought to be an important pathogenic mechanism in synuclein pathology and Parkinson's disease (PD). In the present study, we investigated the role of sestrin2 in autophagic degradation of α-synuclein and preservation of cell viability in a rotenone-induced cellular model of PD. We speculated that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) was involved in regulation of autophagy and protection of dopaminergic cells against rotenone toxicity by sestrin2. The results showed that both the mRNA and protein levels of sestrin2 were increased in a TP53-dependent manner in Mes 23.5 cells after treatment with rotenone. Genetic knockdown of sestrin2 compromised the autophagy induction in response to rotenone, while overexpression of sestrin2 increased the basal autophagy activity. Sestrin2 presumably enhanced autophagy in an AMPK-dependent fashion, as sestrin2 overexpression activated AMPK, and genetic knockdown of AMPK abrogated autophagy induction by rotenone. Restoration of AMPK activity by metformin after sestrin2 knockdown recovered the autophagy activity. Sestrin2 overexpression ameliorated α-synuclein accumulation, inhibited caspase 3 activation, and reduced the cytotoxicity of rotenone. These results suggest that sestrin2 upregulation attempts to maintain autophagy activity and suppress rotenone cytotoxicity through activation of AMPK, and that sestrin2 exerts a protective effect on dopaminergic cells.
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Renaud J, Nabavi SF, Daglia M, Nabavi SM, Martinoli MG. Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate, a Promising Molecule for Parkinson's Disease? Rejuvenation Res 2015; 18:257-69. [PMID: 25625827 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2014.1639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, and it is characterized by the loss of the neurotransmitter dopamine and neuronal degeneration in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Thus far, current therapeutic strategies have failed to address neuronal degeneration. It has been reported that overproduction of reactive oxygen species, resulting in oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation play an important role in neurodegenerative diseases through the induction of macromolecular oxidative damage and modulation of intracellular signaling pathways concurring to neuronal cell death. Indeed, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory drugs have been the subject of recommendation as a complementary therapy alongside an effective symptomatic treatment to hamper the progression of PD. Today, much attention is paid to polyphenols in light of their potent capacity to reduce oxidative stress and inflammation, while having much fewer side effects than most other drugs. Camellia sinensis L. is the most common ancient herbal tea prepared as a beverage worldwide and it possesses numerous beneficial effects on human health. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate is the best-known bioactive component of C. sinensis and is recognized to exert potent neuroprotective effects against oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, protein aggregation, autophagy, and neuronal cell death in vitro as well as in vivo. The present review appraises the available literature on the beneficial role of epigallocatechin-3-gallate pertaining to dopaminergic degeneration characteristic of PD with particular emphasis on its possible mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Renaud
- 1 Department of Medical Biology and Research Group in Neuroscience, Université du Québec , Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Seyed Fazel Nabavi
- 2 Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Maria Daglia
- 3 Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, University of Pavia , Italy
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- 2 Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Maria-Grazia Martinoli
- 1 Department of Medical Biology and Research Group in Neuroscience, Université du Québec , Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
- 4 Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Université Laval and CHU Research Center , Québec, Canada
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Yan J, Zou W, Fang J, Huang X, Gao F, He Z, Zhang K, Zhao N. Eukaryote-like Ser/Thr protein kinase PrkA modulates sporulation via regulating the transcriptional factor σ(K) in Bacillus subtilis. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:382. [PMID: 25983726 PMCID: PMC4415436 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase A (PrkA), also known as AMP-activated protein kinase, functions as a serine/threonine protein kinase (STPK), has been shown to be involved in a variety of important biologic processes, including pathogenesis of many important diseases in mammals. However, the biological functions of PrkA are less known in prokaryote cells. Here, we explored the function of PrkA as well as its underlying molecular mechanisms using the model bacterium Bacillus subtilis168. When PrkA is inhibited by 9-β-D-arabinofuranosyladenine (ara-A) in the wild type strain or deleted in the ΔprkA mutant strain, we observed sporulation defects in B. subtilis 168, suggesting that PrkA functions as a sporulation-related protein. Transcriptional analysis using the lacZ reporter gene demonstrated that deletion of prkA significantly reduced the expression of the transcriptional factor σ(K) and its downstream genes. Complementation of sigK gene in prkA knockout mutant partially rescued the phenotype of ΔprkA, further supporting the hypothesis that the decreased σ(K) expression should be one of the reasons for the sporulation defect resulting from prkA disruption. Finally, our data confirmed that Hpr (ScoC) negatively controlled the expression of transcriptional factor σ(K), and thus PrkA accelerated sporulation and the expression of σ(K) by suppression of Hpr (ScoC). Taken together, our study discovered a novel function of the eukaryotic-like STPK PrkA in spore development as well as its underlying molecular mechanism in B. subtilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyuan Yan
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, and Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University Kunming, China
| | - Wei Zou
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, and Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University Kunming, China
| | - Juan Fang
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, and Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University Kunming, China
| | - Xiaowei Huang
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, and Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University Kunming, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, and Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University Kunming, China
| | - Zeying He
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, and Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University Kunming, China
| | - Keqin Zhang
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, and Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University Kunming, China
| | - Ninghui Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical College Kunming, China
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Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Adenylyltransferase 1 Protects Neural Cells Against Ischemic Injury in Primary Cultured Neuronal Cells and Mouse Brain with Ischemic Stroke Through AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Activation. Neurochem Res 2015; 40:1102-10. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1569-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Jinadasa T, Szabó EZ, Numat M, Orlowski J. Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase regulates hippocampal neuronal pH by recruiting Na(+)/H(+) exchanger NHE5 to the cell surface. J Biol Chem 2015; 289:20879-97. [PMID: 24936055 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.555284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Strict regulation of intra- and extracellular pH is an important determinant of nervous system function as many voltage-, ligand-, and H(+)-gated cationic channels are exquisitely sensitive to transient fluctuations in pH elicited by neural activity and pathophysiologic events such as hypoxia-ischemia and seizures. Multiple Na(+)/H(+) exchangers (NHEs) are implicated in maintenance of neural pH homeostasis. However, aside from the ubiquitous NHE1 isoform, their relative contributions are poorly understood. NHE5 is of particular interest as it is preferentially expressed in brain relative to other tissues. In hippocampal neurons, NHE5 regulates steady-state cytoplasmic pH, but intriguingly the bulk of the transporter is stored in intracellular vesicles. Here, we show that NHE5 is a direct target for phosphorylation by the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a key sensor and regulator of cellular energy homeostasis in response to metabolic stresses. In NHE5-transfected non-neuronal cells, activation of AMPK by the AMP mimetic AICAR or by antimycin A, which blocks aerobic respiration and causes acidification, increased cell surface accumulation and activity of NHE5, and elevated intracellular pH. These effects were effectively blocked by the AMPK antagonist compound C, the NHE inhibitor HOE694, and mutation of a predicted AMPK recognition motif in the NHE5 C terminus. This regulatory pathway was also functional in primary hippocampal neurons, where AMPK activation of NHE5 protected the cells from sustained antimycin A-induced acidification. These data reveal a unique role for AMPK and NHE5 in regulating the pH homeostasis of hippocampal neurons during metabolic stress.
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Hendriksen H, Bink DI, Vergoossen DLE, Suzet van Slobbe E, Olivier B, Oosting RS. Food restriction does not relieve PTSD-like anxiety. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 753:177-82. [PMID: 25460029 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.10.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We used the inescapable foot shock paradigm (IFS) in rats as an animal model for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Previously we showed that exercise reversed the enhanced stress sensitivity induced by IFS. From literature it is known that food restriction has antidepressant and anxiolytic effects. Since both treatments influence energy expenditure, we questioned whether food restriction reduces anxiety in the IFS model via a comparable, NPY dependent mechanism as enrichment. Anxiety of IFS-exposed animals was measured as change in locomotion and freezing after sudden silence in an open field test, before and after two weeks of food restriction. In addition a forced swim test (FST) was performed. Next, using qPCR, the expression of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and the neuropeptide Y1 receptor (Y1 receptor) was measured in the amygdala. Food restriction increased locomotion and decreased freezing behavior both in control and IFS animals. These effects were small. IFS-induced anxiety was not abolished after two weeks of food restriction. IFS did not influence immobility or the duration of swimming in the FST of animals fed ad libitum. However, food restriction increased swimming and decreased the duration of immobility in IFS-exposed animals. Y1 receptor expression in the basolateral amygdala decreased after both IFS and food restriction. Although food restriction seems to induce a general anxiolytic effect, it does not operate via enhanced Y1 receptor expression and has no effect on the more pathogenic anxiety induced by IFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrikus Hendriksen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Diewertje I Bink
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dana L E Vergoossen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - E Suzet van Slobbe
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Berend Olivier
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald S Oosting
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Metformin attenuates blood-brain barrier disruption in mice following middle cerebral artery occlusion. J Neuroinflammation 2014; 11:177. [PMID: 25315906 PMCID: PMC4201919 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-014-0177-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metformin, a widely used hypoglycemic drug, reduces stroke incidence and alleviates chronic inflammation in clinical trials. However, the effect of metformin in ischemic stroke is unclear. Here, we investigated the effect of metformin on ischemic stroke in mice and further explored the possible underlying mechanisms. METHODS Ninety-eight adult male CD-1 mice underwent 90-minute transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO). Metformin (200 mg/kg) was administrated for up to 14 days. Neurobehavioral outcomes, brain infarct volume, inflammatory factors, blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability and AMPK signaling pathways were evaluated following tMCAO. Oxygen glucose deprivation was performed on bEND.3 cells to explore the mechanisms of metformin in inhibiting inflammatory signaling pathways. RESULTS Infarct volume was reduced in metformin-treated mice compared to the control group following tMCAO (P < 0.05). Neurobehavioral outcomes were greatly improved in metformin-treated mice (P < 0.05). MPO+ cells, Gr1+ cells, MPO activity and BBB permeability were decreased after metformin administration (P < 0.05). In addition, metformin activated AMPK phosphorylation, inhibited NF-κB activation, down-regulated cytokine (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) and ICAM-1 expression following tMCAO (P < 0.05). Furthermore, metformin activated AMPK signaling pathway and alleviated oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced ICAM-1 expression in bEND.3 cells (P < 0.05). Compound C, a selective AMPK inhibitor, eliminated this promotional effect. CONCLUSIONS Metformin down-regulated ICAM-1 in an AMPK-dependent manner, which could effectively prevent ischemia-induced brain injury by alleviating neutrophil infiltration, suggesting that metformin is a promising therapeutic agent in stroke therapy.
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Ronnebaum SM, Patterson C, Schisler JC. Minireview: hey U(PS): metabolic and proteolytic homeostasis linked via AMPK and the ubiquitin proteasome system. Mol Endocrinol 2014; 28:1602-15. [PMID: 25099013 DOI: 10.1210/me.2014-1180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the master regulators of both glucose and lipid cellular metabolism is 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). As a metabolic pivot that dynamically responds to shifts in nutrient availability and stress, AMPK dysregulation is implicated in the underlying molecular pathology of a variety of diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, neurological diseases, and aging. Although the regulation of AMPK enzymatic activity by upstream kinases is an active area of research, less is known about regulation of AMPK protein stability and activity by components of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), the cellular machinery responsible for both the recognition and degradation of proteins. Furthermore, there is growing evidence that AMPK regulates overall proteasome activity and individual components of the UPS. This review serves to identify the current understanding of the interplay between AMPK and the UPS and to promote further exploration of the relationship between these regulators of energy use and amino acid availability within the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Ronnebaum
- McAllister Heart Institute (S.M.R., J.C.S.) and Department of Pharmacology (J.C.S.), The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599; and Presbyterian Hospital/Weill-Cornell Medical Center (C.P.), New York, New York 10065
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