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Yang J, Xu J, Xu S, Fan Z, Zhu C, Wan J, Yang J, Xing X. Oxidative stress in acute pulmonary embolism: emerging roles and therapeutic implications. Thromb J 2024; 22:9. [PMID: 38216919 PMCID: PMC10785361 DOI: 10.1186/s12959-023-00577-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is an imbalance between the body's reactive oxygen species and antioxidant defense mechanisms. Oxidative stress is involved in the development of several cardiovascular diseases, such as pulmonary hypertension, atherosclerosis, and diabetes mellitus. A growing number of studies have suggested the potential role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of pulmonary embolism. Biomarkers of oxidative stress in pulmonary embolism have also been explored, such as matrix metalloproteinases, asymmetric dimethylarginine, and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio. Here, we comprehensively summarize some oxidative stress mechanisms and biomarkers in the development of acute pulmonary embolism and summarize related treatments based on antioxidant stress to explore effective treatment strategies for acute pulmonary embolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchao Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 650032, Kunming, China
| | - Jinzhu Xu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Yuxi Municipal Hospital of T.C. M, 653100, Yuxi, China
| | - Shuanglan Xu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, 650021, Kunming, China
| | - Zeqin Fan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, 650021, Kunming, China
| | - Chenshao Zhu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 650032, Kunming, China
| | - Jianyuan Wan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 650032, Kunming, China
| | - Jiao Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 650032, Kunming, China.
| | - Xiqian Xing
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, 650021, Kunming, China.
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Contemporary Biomarkers in Pulmonary Embolism Diagnosis: Moving beyond D-Dimers. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12101604. [PMID: 36294744 PMCID: PMC9604705 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12101604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a rather common cardiovascular disorder constituting one of the major manifestations of venous thromboembolism (VTE). It is associated with high mortality and substantial recurrence rates, and its diagnosis may be challenging, especially in patients with respiratory comorbidities. Therefore, providing a prompt and accurate diagnosis for PE through developing highly sensitive and specific diagnostic algorithms would be of paramount importance. There is sound evidence supporting the use of biomarkers to enhance the diagnosis and predict the recurrence risk in patients with PE. Therefore, several novel biomarkers, such as factor VIII, Ischemia Modified Albumin, and fibrinogen, as well as several MicroRNAs and microparticles, have been investigated for the diagnosis of this clinical entity. The present review targets to comprehensively present the literature regarding the novel diagnostic biomarkers for PE, as well as to discuss the evidence for their use in daily routine.
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Darwish I, Fareed J, Brailovsky Y, Hoppensteadt D, Slajus B, Bontekoe E, De Stefano F, Reed T, Darki A. Dysregulation of Biomarkers of Hemostatic Activation and Inflammatory Processes are Associated with Adverse Outcomes in Pulmonary Embolism. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2022; 28:10760296211064898. [PMID: 35043658 PMCID: PMC8796112 DOI: 10.1177/10760296211064898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The pathophysiology of pulmonary embolism (PE) represents complex, multifactorial processes involving blood cells, vascular endothelium, and the activation of inflammatory pathways. Platelet (P), endothelial (E), and leukocyte (L)-selectin molecules may play an important role in PE pathophysiology. We aimed to profile the biomarkers of inflammation, including selectins in PE patients, and compare them to healthy individuals. Materials and methods 100 acute PE patients and 50 controls were included in this case control study. ELISA methods were used to quantify levels of selectins, inflammatory, and hemostatic biomarkers. Results In PE patients, levels of selectin molecules as compared to controls convey increased P-selectin levels (95 ng/mL vs 40 ng/mL, p < .0001) and decreased L-selectin levels (1468 ng/mL vs 1934 ng/mL, p < .0001). Significant correlations were found between selectins and Plasminogen Activating Inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), Tumor Necrosis Factor-a (TNFa), and D-dimer. Fold change between selectins and controls is compared to other biomarkers, illustrating degrees of change comparable to TNFa, alpha-2-antiplasmin, and microparticles. L-selectin levels are inversely associated with all-cause-mortality in PE patients, (p = .040). Conclusion These studies suggest that various thrombo-inflammatory biomarkers are elevated in PE patients. Furthermore, L-selectin levels are inversely associated with mortality outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Darwish
- 12248Stritch School of Medicine, 550858Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Jawed Fareed
- Center for Translational Research and Education, Maywood, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Brett Slajus
- Center for Translational Research and Education, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Emily Bontekoe
- Center for Translational Research and Education, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Frank De Stefano
- Center for Translational Research and Education, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Trent Reed
- 25815Department of Emergency Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Amir Darki
- 25815Department of Cardiology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA
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Kamin Mukaz D, Gergi M, Koh I, Zakai NA, Judd SE, Sholzberg M, Baumann Kreuziger L, Freeman K, Colovos C, Olson NC, Cushman M. Thrombo-inflammatory biomarkers and D-dimer in a biracial cohort study. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2021; 5:e12632. [PMID: 34934895 PMCID: PMC8652130 DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher D-dimer is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and venous thromboembolism. In the general population, D-dimer and other thrombo-inflammatory biomarkers are higher among Black individuals, who also have higher risk of these conditions compared to White people. OBJECTIVE To assess whether Black individuals have an exaggerated correlation between D-dimer and thrombo-inflammatory biomarkers characteristic of cardiovascular diseases. METHODS Linear regression was used to assess correlations of 11 thrombo-inflammatory biomarkers with D-dimer in a cross-sectional study of 1068 participants of the biracial Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) cohort. RESULTS Adverse levels of most biomarkers, especially fibrinogen, factor VIII, C-reactive protein, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, and interleukin (IL)-6, were associated with higher D-dimer. Several associations with D-dimer differed significantly by race. For example, the association of factor VIII with D-dimer was more than twice as large in Black compared to White participants. Specifically, D-dimer was 26% higher per standard deviation (SD) higher factor VIII in Black adults and was only 11% higher per SD higher factor VIII in White adults. In Black but not White adults, higher IL-10 and soluble CD14 were associated with higher D-dimer. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that D-dimer might relate to Black/White differences in cardiovascular diseases and venous thromboembolism because it is a marker of amplified thrombo-inflammatory response in Black people. Better understanding of contributors to higher D-dimer in the general population is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Kamin Mukaz
- Department of MedicineLarner College of Medicine at the University of VermontBurlingtonVermontUSA
| | - Mansour Gergi
- Department of MedicineLarner College of Medicine at the University of VermontBurlingtonVermontUSA
| | - Insu Koh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineLarner College of Medicine at the University of VermontBurlingtonVermontUSA
| | - Neil A. Zakai
- Department of MedicineLarner College of Medicine at the University of VermontBurlingtonVermontUSA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineLarner College of Medicine at the University of VermontBurlingtonVermontUSA
| | - Suzanne E. Judd
- Department of BiostatisticsUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
| | - Michelle Sholzberg
- Department of MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- St. Michael’s HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Lisa Baumann Kreuziger
- Blood Research InstituteVersiti, MilwaukeeWisconsinUSA
- Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWisconsinUSA
| | - Kalev Freeman
- Department of SurgeryLarner College of Medicine at the University of VermontBurlingtonVermontUSA
| | - Christos Colovos
- Department of SurgeryLarner College of Medicine at the University of VermontBurlingtonVermontUSA
| | - Nels C. Olson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineLarner College of Medicine at the University of VermontBurlingtonVermontUSA
| | - Mary Cushman
- Department of MedicineLarner College of Medicine at the University of VermontBurlingtonVermontUSA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineLarner College of Medicine at the University of VermontBurlingtonVermontUSA
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Kumboyono K, Nurwidyaningtyas W, Chomsy IN, Wihastuti TA. Early Detection of Negative Smoking Impacts: Vascular Adaptation Deviation Based on Quantification of Circulated Endothelial Activation Markers. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2021; 17:103-109. [PMID: 33790567 PMCID: PMC8001718 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s296293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Smoking can cause vascular damage in the form of an inflammatory reaction characterized by endothelial activation. Endothelial activation forms a pathological adaptation pattern so that it can induce the atherogenesis process. Several markers, such as E-selectin, platelet-derived micro particles (PMPs) and hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) can identify the activation of endothelial in circulating blood. Therefore, the deviation of vascular adaptation due to smoking can be detected early through the feedback mechanism between E-selectin, PMPs, and HSC. Purpose This study aims to analyze the initial picture of the negative impact of smoking on vascular adaptation by measuring E-selectin, PMPs, and HSC in the peripheral blood circulation. Participant criteria and methods: Peripheral blood samples (5 mL) were taken from each participant, both the smoking group (n = 30) and the non-smoker group (n = 31) to obtain peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC). PBMNC was isolated using ficoll-based gradient centrifugation. The flow cytometry assay method used to measure the E-selectin, PMPs and hematopoietic stem cells. Results The mean of circulating E-selectin in smokers was higher than that of non-smokers. On the other hand, the average number of PMPs and HSCs in smokers was lower than non-smokers. Conclusion Smoking increases the risk of accelerated vascular block formation, as indicated by an increase in the amount of circulating E-selectin. The increase in E-selectin in the blood vessels mediates the increased adhesion of PMPs in the vascular area so that the number of circulating PMPs in smokers decreases. The decrease in circulating PMPs decreases the signal of vascular repair, which is characterized by a decline in the number of HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumboyono Kumboyono
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brawijaya, Malang, 65145, Indonesia
| | - Wiwit Nurwidyaningtyas
- Doctoral Program of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brawijaya, Malang, 65145, Indonesia
| | - Indah Nur Chomsy
- Doctoral Program of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brawijaya, Malang, 65145, Indonesia
| | - Titin Andri Wihastuti
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brawijaya, Malang, 65145, Indonesia
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Ghaffari S, Parvizian N, Pourafkari L, Separham A, Hajizadeh R, Nader ND, Javanshir E, Sepehrvand N, Tajlil A, Nasiri B. Prognostic value of platelet indices in patients with acute pulmonary thromboembolism. J Cardiovasc Thorac Res 2020; 12:56-62. [PMID: 32211139 PMCID: PMC7080337 DOI: 10.34172/jcvtr.2020.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Given the role of platelets in thrombus formation, markers of platelet activation may be able to predict outcomes in patients with acute pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE). Methods: In a prospective cohort study, 492 patients with acute PTE were enrolled. Patients were evaluated for platelet indices including mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), and platelet-lymphocyte-ratio (PLR), as well as for the simplified Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index (PESI) risk score. The primary endpoint was in-hospital all-cause mortality. Major adverse cardiopulmonary events (MACPE, composite of mortality, thrombolysis, mechanical ventilation and surgical embolectomy during index hospitalization) and all-cause death during follow-up were secondary endpoints. Results: MPV, PDW and PLR were 9.9±1.0 fl, 13.5±6.1%, and 14.7±14.5, respectively, in the total cohort. Whilst MPV was higher in those with adverse events (10.1±1.0 vs 9.9±1.0 fl; P= 0.019), PDW and PLR were not different between two groups. MPV with a cut-off point of 9.85 fl had a sensitivity of 81% and a specificity of 50% in predicting in-hospital mortality, but it had lower performance in predicting MACPE (Area under the curve: AUC 0.58; 95%CI 0.52-0.63) or long-term mortality (AUC 0.54; 95% CI 0.47-0.61). The AUC for all these three markers were lower than the AUC calculated for the simplified PESI score (0.80; 0.71-0.88). Conclusion: Platelet indices had only fair-to-good predictive performance in predicting in-hospital all-cause death. Established PTE risk scoring models such as simplified PESI outperform these indices in predicting adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samad Ghaffari
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nashmil Parvizian
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leili Pourafkari
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Anesthesiology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Ahmad Separham
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Hajizadeh
- Department of Cardiology, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Nader D Nader
- Department of Anesthesiology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Elnaz Javanshir
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nariman Sepehrvand
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Arezou Tajlil
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Babak Nasiri
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Kim Y, Goodman MD, Jung AD, Abplanalp WA, Schuster RM, Caldwell CC, Lentsch AB, Pritts TA. Microparticles from aged packed red blood cell units stimulate pulmonary microthrombus formation via P-selectin. Thromb Res 2019; 185:160-166. [PMID: 31821908 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2019.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION During storage, packed red blood cells undergo a series of physical, metabolic, and chemical changes collectively known as the red blood cell storage lesion. One key component of the red blood cell storage lesion is the accumulation of microparticles, which are submicron vesicles shed from erythrocytes as part of the aging process. Previous studies from our laboratory indicate that transfusion of these microparticles leads to lung injury, but the mechanism underlying this process is unknown. In the present study, we hypothesized that microparticles from aged packed red blood cell units induce pulmonary thrombosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Leukoreduced, platelet-depleted, murine packed red blood cells (pRBCS) were prepared then stored for up to 14 days. Microparticles were isolated from stored units via high-speed centrifugation. Mice were transfused with microparticles. The presence of pulmonary microthrombi was determined with light microscopy, Martius Scarlet Blue, and thrombocyte stains. In additional studies microparticles were labelled with CFSE prior to injection. Murine lung endothelial cells were cultured and P-selectin concentrations determined by ELISA. In subsequent studies, P-selectin was inhibited by PSI-697 injection prior to transfusion. RESULTS We observed an increase in microthrombi formation in lung vasculature in mice receiving microparticles from stored packed red blood cell units as compared with controls. These microthrombi contained platelets, fibrin, and microparticles. Treatment of cultured lung endothelial cells with microparticles led to increased P-selectin in the media. Treatment of mice with a P-selectin inhibitor prior to microparticle infusion decreased microthrombi formation. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that microparticles isolated from aged packed red blood cell units promote the development of pulmonary microthrombi in a murine model of transfusion. This pro-thrombotic event appears to be mediated by P-selectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Kim
- Section of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Michael D Goodman
- Section of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Andrew D Jung
- Section of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - William A Abplanalp
- Section of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Rebecca M Schuster
- Section of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Charles C Caldwell
- Section of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Alex B Lentsch
- Section of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Timothy A Pritts
- Section of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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McVey MJ, Maishan M, Blokland KEC, Bartlett N, Kuebler WM. Extracellular vesicles in lung health, disease, and therapy. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 316:L977-L989. [PMID: 30892076 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00546.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Both physiological homeostasis and pathological disease processes in the lung typically result from complex, yet coordinated multicellular responses that are synchronized via paracrine and endocrine intercellular communication pathways. Of late, extracellular vesicles have emerged as important information shuttles that can coordinate and disseminate homeostatic and disease signals. In parallel, extracellular vesicles in biological fluids such as sputum, mucus, epithelial lining fluid, edema fluid, the pulmonary circulation, pleural fluid, and lymphatics have emerged as promising candidate biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis in lung disease. Extracellular vesicles are small, subcellular, membrane-bound vesicles containing cargos from parent cells such as lipids, proteins, genetic information, or entire organelles. These cargos endow extracellular vesicles with biologically active information or functions by which they can reprogram their respective target cells. Recent studies show that extracellular vesicles found in lung-associated biological fluids play key roles as biomarkers and effectors of disease. Conversely, administration of naïve or engineered extracellular vesicles with homeostatic or reparative effects may provide a promising novel protective and regenerative strategy to treat lung disease. To highlight this rapidly developing field, the American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology is now launching a special Call for Papers on extracellular vesicles in lung health, disease, and therapy. This review aims to set the stage for this call by introducing extracellular vesicles and their emerging roles in lung physiology and pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J McVey
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital , Toronto, Ontario , Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario , Canada.,Department of Anesthesia, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario , Canada.,SickKids Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
| | - Mazharul Maishan
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
| | - Kaj E C Blokland
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales , Australia.,National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research Excellence in Pulmonary Fibrosis , Sydney, New South Wales , Australia.,Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Nathan Bartlett
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales , Australia
| | - Wolfgang M Kuebler
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital , Toronto, Ontario , Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario , Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario , Canada.,Institute of Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin , Germany
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Pentraxin-3 Levels Relate to the Wells Score and Prognosis in Patients with Acute Pulmonary Embolism. DISEASE MARKERS 2019; 2019:2324515. [PMID: 30992732 PMCID: PMC6434296 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2324515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the value of the PTX-3 test in evaluating the prognosis of acute pulmonary embolism (APE). Method 117 APE patients were selected and divided into two groups according to plasma PTX-3 levels, including the group in which PTX − 3 ≥ 3.0 ng/mL (n = 42) and the group in which PTX − 3 < 3.0 ng/mL (n = 75). Patients were stratified into high-risk, medium-risk, and low-risk groups according to the Wells scores, and the PTX-3 levels were compared among the groups. Patients had been followed-up as well. Results According to the Wells scores, 11 patients were classified as high-risk (9.4%) and 68 were medium-risk (58.1%), while 38 were low-risk (32.5%). The PTX-3 levels in different risk groups were statistically different (all P < 0.05). During the follow-up period, 6 deaths occurred in the group with elevated PTX-3 (≥3.0 ng/mL), while 2 deaths occurred in the group with nonelevated PTX-3 (<3.0 ng/mL). The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.01). 13 patients were hospitalized due to recurrent pulmonary embolism, of which 12 were in the group with elevated PTX-3 (≥3.0 ng/mL), while 1 patient was in the group with nonelevated PTX-3 (<3.0 ng/mL). The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.01). Conclusion The plasma PTX-3 level in APE patients is correlated with PE risk stratification. There is a significant correlation between PTX-3 levels and PE-related cardiac deaths, as well as the prognosis of recurrent PE. PTX-3 can be used as a clinical indicator of PE prognosis.
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Tziatzios G, Polymeros D, Spathis A, Triantafyllou M, Gkolfakis P, Karakitsos P, Dimitriadis G, Triantafyllou K. Increased levels of circulating platelet derived microparticles in Crohn's disease patients. Scand J Gastroenterol 2016; 51:1184-92. [PMID: 27191369 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2016.1182582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Platelet activation is a consistent feature in inflammatory bowel disease. However, the role of circulating platelet derived microparticles (PDMPs) and the effects of disease activity and treatment on their levels has not been clarified yet in this disorder. MATERIAL AND METHODS Using flow cytometry, we measured platelet derived microparticles and platelet derived microparticles expressing Annexin V in platelet rich plasma from 47 Crohn's disease and 43 ulcerative colitis patients and 24 healthy controls. RESULTS Crohn's disease patients have greater PDMPs (0.31% ± 0.07% versus 0.14% ± 0.04%, p = 0.02) and PDMPs expressing Annexin V (27% ± 2.6% versus 14.6% ± 2.7%, p = 0.002) levels in comparison with healthy controls; however, both microparticles levels are not related with disease activity. Crohn's disease patients on 5-ASA therapy show lower levels of PDMPs in comparison with those on no 5-ASA (0.30% ± 0.07% versus 0.32% ± 0.09%, p = 0.048). Ulcerative colitis patients have similar PDMPs and PDMPs expressing Annexin V levels, compared to healthy controls (p = 0.06 and p = 0.2, respectively) and there is no correlation of both microparticles expression with disease activity. 5-ASA has no effect on both microparticles levels in ulcerative colitis patients. Anti-TNF-α treatment has no effect on study's microparticles expression in Crohn's and ulcerative colitis patients. CONCLUSIONS Circulating levels of platelet derived microparticles are increased only in Crohn's patients, but they do not correlate with disease activity. 5-ASA treatment is associated with lower levels of PDMPs only in Crohn's, while anti-TNF-α treatment does not influence expression of microparticles in inflammatory bowel disease patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Tziatzios
- a Hepatogastroenterology Unit, Second Department of Internal Medicine - Propaedeutic Research Institute and Diabetes Center , "Attikon" University General Hospital , Athens , Greece
| | - Dimitrios Polymeros
- a Hepatogastroenterology Unit, Second Department of Internal Medicine - Propaedeutic Research Institute and Diabetes Center , "Attikon" University General Hospital , Athens , Greece
| | - Aris Spathis
- b Laboratory of Cytopathology , Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University, "Attikon" University General Hospital , Athens , Greece
| | - Maria Triantafyllou
- a Hepatogastroenterology Unit, Second Department of Internal Medicine - Propaedeutic Research Institute and Diabetes Center , "Attikon" University General Hospital , Athens , Greece
| | - Paraskevas Gkolfakis
- a Hepatogastroenterology Unit, Second Department of Internal Medicine - Propaedeutic Research Institute and Diabetes Center , "Attikon" University General Hospital , Athens , Greece
| | - Petros Karakitsos
- b Laboratory of Cytopathology , Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University, "Attikon" University General Hospital , Athens , Greece
| | - George Dimitriadis
- a Hepatogastroenterology Unit, Second Department of Internal Medicine - Propaedeutic Research Institute and Diabetes Center , "Attikon" University General Hospital , Athens , Greece
| | - Konstantinos Triantafyllou
- a Hepatogastroenterology Unit, Second Department of Internal Medicine - Propaedeutic Research Institute and Diabetes Center , "Attikon" University General Hospital , Athens , Greece
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Middleton EA, Weyrich AS, Zimmerman GA. Platelets in Pulmonary Immune Responses and Inflammatory Lung Diseases. Physiol Rev 2016; 96:1211-59. [PMID: 27489307 PMCID: PMC6345245 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00038.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are essential for physiological hemostasis and are central in pathological thrombosis. These are their traditional and best known activities in health and disease. In addition, however, platelets have specializations that broaden their functional repertoire considerably. These functional capabilities, some of which are recently discovered, include the ability to sense and respond to infectious and immune signals and to act as inflammatory effector cells. Human platelets and platelets from mice and other experimental animals can link the innate and adaptive limbs of the immune system and act across the immune continuum, often also linking immune and hemostatic functions. Traditional and newly recognized facets of the biology of platelets are relevant to defensive, physiological immune responses of the lungs and to inflammatory lung diseases. The emerging view of platelets as blood cells that are much more diverse and versatile than previously thought further predicts that additional features of the biology of platelets and of megakaryocytes, the precursors of platelets, will be discovered and that some of these will also influence pulmonary immune defenses and inflammatory injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Middleton
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and the Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Andrew S Weyrich
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and the Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Guy A Zimmerman
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and the Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
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12
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Circulating biomarkers in pulmonary arterial hypertension: Update and future direction. J Heart Lung Transplant 2015; 34:282-305. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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13
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Alias S, Lang IM. Coagulation and the vessel wall in pulmonary embolism. Pulm Circ 2014; 3:728-38. [PMID: 25006391 DOI: 10.1086/674768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Venous thromboembolism comprises deep-vein thrombosis, thrombus in transit, acute pulmonary embolism, and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). Pulmonary thromboemboli commonly resolve, with restoration of normal pulmonary hemodynamics. When they fail to resorb, permanent occlusion of the deep veins and/or CTEPH are the consequences. Apart from endogenous fibrinolysis, venous thrombi resolve by a process of mechanical fragmentation, through organization of the thromboembolus by invasion of endothelial cells, leukocytes, and fibroblasts leading to recanalization. Recent data utilizing various models have contributed to a better understanding of venous thrombosis and the resolution process that is directed at maintaining vascular patency. This review summarizes the plasmatic and cellular components of venous thrombus formation and resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherin Alias
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Irene M Lang
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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14
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Value of platelet indices in identifying complete resolution of thrombus in deep venous thrombosis patients. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2014; 31:71-6. [PMID: 25548449 DOI: 10.1007/s12288-014-0365-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate whether mean platelet volume (MPV) and platelet distribution width (PDW) are helpful to identify complete thrombus resolution (CTR) after acute deep venous thrombosis (DVT). Patients who had first-time episode of acute proximal DVT were included in this retrospective study. 100 patients with DVT were divided into two groups according to absence (group 1; n = 68) or presence (group 2; n = 32) of CTR on doppler ultrasonography at month 6. There were no significant difference in admission MPV and PDW levels between group 1 and group 2. MPV (p = 0.03) and PDW (p < 0.001) levels at month 6 were significantly higher in group 1 than in group 2. CTR showed a moderate negative correlation with PDW at month 6 (ρ = -0.47) and a weak negative correlation with MPV at month 6 (ρ = -0.26). Logistic regression analysis showed that PDW (OR, 2.2; p = 0.004) at month 6 was an independent risk factor for the presence of residual venous thrombosis in DVT patients. Receiver operating characteristics analysis revealed that a 8.4 % decrease in admission MPV at month 6 provided 62 % sensitivity and 62 % specificity (AUC: 0.64) and a 15.4 % decrease in admission PDW at month 6 provided 87 % sensitivity and 94 % specificity (AUC: 0.89) for prediction of CTR in DVT patients. Percent change in admission MPV and PDW levels at month 6 may be used to identify the patients with CTR after a first episode of acute proximal DVT.
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15
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Voudoukis E, Karmiris K, Koutroubakis IE. Multipotent role of platelets in inflammatory bowel diseases: A clinical approach. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:3180-3190. [PMID: 24696603 PMCID: PMC3964390 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i12.3180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is evidence that inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) combine both inflammation and coagulation in their pathogenesis and clinical manifestations. Although platelets (PLT) are well known for their role in hemostasis, there are a rising number of studies supporting their considerable role as inflammatory amplifiers in chronic inflammatory conditions. IBD are associated with several alterations of PLT, including number, shape, and function, and these abnormalities are mainly attributed to the highly activated state of circulating PLT in IBD patients. When PLT activate, they increase in size, release a great variety of bio-active inflammatory and procoagulant molecules/particles, and express a variety of inflammatory receptors. These inflammatory products may represent a part of the missing link between coagulation and inflammation, and can be considered as possible IBD pathogenesis instigators. In clinical practice, thrombocytosis is associated both with disease activity and iron deficiency anemia. Controlling inflammation and iron replacement in anemic patients usually leads to a normalization of PLT count. The aim of this review is to update the role of PLT in IBD and present recent data revealing the possible therapeutic implications of anti-PLT agents in future IBD remedies.
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16
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Watts JA, Lee YY, Gellar MA, Fulkerson MBK, Hwang SII, Kline JA. Proteomics of microparticles after experimental pulmonary embolism. Thromb Res 2012; 130:122-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2011.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Revised: 09/08/2011] [Accepted: 09/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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17
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Abstract
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) originates in systemic venous thrombosis and has different etiological mechanisms and natural history from arterial thrombosis. VTE typically originates as deep venous thrombosis in a lower extremity, where it may give rise to acute symptoms “upstream” from the obstructed vein, result in pulmonary embolism, and/or cause chronic venous obstruction. Pulmonary embolism may result in acute respiratory symptoms, cardiovascular collapse and, uncommonly, may also cause chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A Morris
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 200 West Arbor Drive, San Diego, CA 92103-8378, USA.
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18
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De Maio A. Extracellular heat shock proteins, cellular export vesicles, and the Stress Observation System: a form of communication during injury, infection, and cell damage. It is never known how far a controversial finding will go! Dedicated to Ferruccio Ritossa. Cell Stress Chaperones 2011; 16:235-49. [PMID: 20963644 PMCID: PMC3077223 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-010-0236-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2010] [Accepted: 10/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (hsp) have been found to play a fundamental role in the recovery from multiple stress conditions and to offer protection from subsequent insults. The function of hsp during stress goes beyond their intracellular localization and chaperone role as they have been detected outside cells activating signaling pathways. Extracellular hsp are likely to act as indicators of the stress conditions, priming other cells, particularly of the immune system, to avoid the propagation of the insult. Some extracellular hsp, for instance Hsp70, are associated with export vesicles, displaying a robust activation of macrophages. We have coined the term Stress Observation System (SOS) for the mechanism for sensing extracellular hsp, which we propose is a form of cellular communication during stress conditions. An enigmatic and still poorly understood process is the mechanism for the release of hsp, which do not contain any consensus secretory signal. The export of hsp appears to be a very complex phenomenon encompassing different alternative pathways. Moreover, extracellular hsp may not come in a single flavor, but rather in a variety of physical conditions. This review addresses some of our current knowledge about the release and function of extracellular hsp, in particular those associated with vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio De Maio
- School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0739, USA.
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19
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Varol E, Icli A, Uysal BA, Ozaydin M. Platelet indices in patients with acute pulmonary embolism. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2011; 71:163-7. [PMID: 21208032 DOI: 10.3109/00365513.2010.547596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that platelet activation occurs in patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE). The aim of this study was to assess the mean platelet volume (MPV), an indicator of platelet activation in patients with acute PE. The study group consisted of 107 patients with acute PE. Seventy subjects matched for age, gender, body mass index (BMI) and frequency of concomitant diseases served as control group. All patients and control subjects underwent physical examination and echocardiography. We measured MPV values and platelet counts on admission. MPV was significantly higher among patients with acute PE when compared with control group (9.6 ± 1.0 vs. 8.1 ± 0.8 fL respectively; < 0.001). Platelet count was significantly lower among acute PE patients when compared with control group (227.1 ± 77.0 vs. 268.7 ± 58.4 × 10(9)/L, respectively; < 0.001). MPV was correlated with right ventricular (RV) diameter (p < 0.001, r = 0.33) in correlation analysis. In linear regression analysis, MPV was independently correlated with RV dimension (β = 0.29, p = 0.001). We have shown that MPV, an indicator of platelet activation, was increased in patients with acute PE and it was correlated with RV diameter. Platelet count was decreased in patients with acute PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ercan Varol
- Department of Cardiology, Suleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey.
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20
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Factors influencing the level of circulating procoagulant microparticles in acute pulmonary embolism. Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2010; 103:394-403. [DOI: 10.1016/j.acvd.2010.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2010] [Revised: 06/15/2010] [Accepted: 06/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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21
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Bal L, Ederhy S, Di Angelantonio E, Toti F, Zobairi F, Dufaitre G, Meuleman C, Mallat Z, Boccara F, Tedgui A, Freyssinet JM, Cohen A. Circulating procoagulant microparticles in acute pulmonary embolism: a case-control study. Int J Cardiol 2009; 145:321-322. [PMID: 20036020 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2009.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2009] [Accepted: 11/29/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether circulating procoagulant microparticles (CPMPs) contributed to hypercoagulability in 45 patients with acute pulmonary embolism (APE) and in 45 controls with and 45 controls without cardiovascular risk factors. Concentrations of CPMPs and platelet-derived microparticles (PMPs) were statistically significantly higher in patients with APE than in controls without cardiovascular risk factors. PMPs appeared to be the main source of procoagulant microparticle release in APE, but this correlation disappeared when APE patients were compared to controls with cardiovascular risk factors. CPMPs may have a role in venous thrombosis as mediators of cardiovascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Bal
- Cardiology Department, Saint-Antoine University and Medical School, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Ederhy
- Cardiology Department, Saint-Antoine University and Medical School, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Emanuele Di Angelantonio
- Cardiology Department, Saint-Antoine University and Medical School, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Florence Toti
- INSERM U.770, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Université Louis Pasteur, Faculté de Médecine, Institut d'Hématologie et Immunologie, Strasbourg, France
| | - Fatiha Zobairi
- INSERM U.770, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Université Louis Pasteur, Faculté de Médecine, Institut d'Hématologie et Immunologie, Strasbourg, France
| | - Ghislaine Dufaitre
- Cardiology Department, Saint-Antoine University and Medical School, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Meuleman
- Cardiology Department, Saint-Antoine University and Medical School, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Ziad Mallat
- INSERM U970 Paris Cardiovascular Research Center PARCC, Paris, France and Université Paris Descartes UMR-S970, Paris, France
| | - Franck Boccara
- Cardiology Department, Saint-Antoine University and Medical School, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Alain Tedgui
- INSERM U970 Paris Cardiovascular Research Center PARCC, Paris, France and Université Paris Descartes UMR-S970, Paris, France
| | - Jean Marie Freyssinet
- INSERM U.770, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Université Louis Pasteur, Faculté de Médecine, Institut d'Hématologie et Immunologie, Strasbourg, France
| | - Ariel Cohen
- Cardiology Department, Saint-Antoine University and Medical School, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.
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22
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Kuriyama N, Nagakane Y, Hosomi A, Ohara T, Kasai T, Harada S, Takeda K, Yamada K, Ozasa K, Tokuda T, Watanabe Y, Mizuno T, Nakagawa M. Evaluation of Factors Associated With Elevated Levels of Platelet-Derived Microparticles in the Acute Phase of Cerebral Infarction. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2009; 16:26-32. [DOI: 10.1177/1076029609338047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Platelet-derived microparticles (PDMPs) have attracted attention as blood coagulation-promoting, endothelial cell-activating factors. The objective of this study was to determine the parameters associated with elevated PDMP levels and examine their relationship with atherosclerotic lesions of main intracranial and extracranial arteries. Participants and Methods: Participants included a control group (C) of 61 patients with no apparent cerebral vascular lesions and 110 patients with acute-phase cerebral infarction, consisting of a small-vessel occlusion group (S) of 34 patients, a large-artery atherosclerosis group (L) of 41 patients, a cardioembolism group (CE) of 20 patients, and a stroke of undetermined etiology group (U) of 15 patients. Platelet-derived microparticle levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at the time of admission, and the patients were reclassified into group CP (control level PDMPs), consisting of 70 patients with control PDMP levels, and group HP (high PDMPs), consisting of 40 patients with elevated PDMP levels. All patients underwent cranial magnetic resonance (MR) and carotid ultrasound examinations. Results: Platelet-derived microparticle levels were significantly higher in groups S and L than in group C (P < .01). Concomitant intima-media thickness (IMT; odds ratio [OR] = 1.29, P < .05) and concomitant intracranial stenosis (OR = 3.95, P < .01) were significantly correlated with elevated PDMP levels. Fibrinogen and high-sensitivity CRP levels were significantly higher in group HP than in group CP. Conclusion: Alterations in PDMP levels correlated with the presence of atherothrombotic lesions, and PDMP levels are expected to be useful as a clinical indicator, reflecting the presence of intracranial atherosclerotic lesions in the acute phase of cerebral infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagato Kuriyama
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan, , Department of Epidemiology for Community Health and Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshinari Nagakane
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akiko Hosomi
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Ohara
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Kasai
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sanae Harada
- Kyoto Industrial Health Association, Multiphasic Health Testing & Service Center
| | - Kazuo Takeda
- Kyoto Industrial Health Association, Multiphasic Health Testing & Service Center
| | - Kei Yamada
- rDepartment of Radiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kotaro Ozasa
- Department of Epidemiology for Community Health and Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takahiko Tokuda
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Watanabe
- Department of Epidemiology for Community Health and Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshiki Mizuno
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masanori Nakagawa
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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23
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Abstract
Cell activation or apoptosis leads to plasma membrane blebbing and microparticle (MP) release in the extracellular space. MPs are submicron membrane vesicles which express a panel of phospholipids and proteins specific of the cells they are derived from. Exposure of negatively charged phospholipids and tissue factor confers a procoagulant potential to MPs. MPs accumulate in the lipid core of the atherosclertotic plaque and is a major determinant of its thrombogenecity. Elevation of plasma MPs levels, particularly those of endothelial origin, reflects cellular injury and is considered now as a surrogate marker of vascular dysfunction. Thus, MPs can be seen as triggers of a vicious circle for they promote prothrombogenic and pro-inflammatory responses as well as cellular dysfunction within the vascular compartment. A better knowledge of MP composition and biological effects as well as the mechanisms leading to their clearance will probably open new therapeutic approaches in the treatment of atherothrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Leroyer
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Unit 689), Cardiovascular Research Institute Inserm, Paris, France
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24
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Platelet-mediated modulation of adaptive immunity: unique delivery of CD154 signal by platelet-derived membrane vesicles. Blood 2008; 111:5028-36. [PMID: 18198347 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2007-06-097410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although mounting evidence indicates that platelets participate in the modulation of both innate and adaptive immunity, the mechanisms by which platelets exert these effects have not been clearly defined. The study reported herein uses a previously documented adoptive transfer model to investigate the ability of platelet-derived membrane vesicles to communicate activation signals to the B-cell compartment. The findings demonstrate for the first time that platelet-derived membrane vesicles are sufficient to deliver CD154 to stimulate antigen-specific IgG production and modulate germinal center formation through cooperation with responses elicited by CD4(+) T cells. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that platelets modulate inflammation and adaptive immunity at sites distant from the location of activation and that platelet-derived membrane vesicles are sufficient to mediate the effect.
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25
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Bakouboula B, Morel O, Faure A, Zobairi F, Jesel L, Trinh A, Zupan M, Canuet M, Grunebaum L, Brunette A, Desprez D, Chabot F, Weitzenblum E, Freyssinet JM, Chaouat A, Toti F. Procoagulant membrane microparticles correlate with the severity of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2007; 177:536-43. [PMID: 18006886 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200706-840oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Procoagulant microparticles constitute valuable hallmarks of cell damage. Microparticles also behave as cellular effectors. OBJECTIVES We hypothesized that the extent of the vascular cell damage measured by circulating microparticles could be related to the severity of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). METHODS Circulating biomarkers of vascular damage and cell activation were measured in blood samples from 20 patients with PAH. Samples were withdrawn from occluded pulmonary artery and jugular vein. Peripheral venous blood samples were obtained in 23 control subjects. The microparticle procoagulant abilities were quantified by functional prothrombinase and tissue factor assays and their cellular origin was determined. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Soluble vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1 and proinflammatory markers, such as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and highly specific C-reactive protein, were elevated in patients with PAH compared with control subjects. Microparticles bearing active tissue factor and CD105 (endoglin) were also elevated in patients with PAH compared with control subjects (29 +/- 13 vs. 16 +/- 6 fmol/L, P < 0.001, and 1.10 +/- 0.46 vs. 0.49 +/- 0.33 nmol/L phosphatidylserine equivalent, P < 0.001, respectively). A further increase in endothelium-derived CD105 microparticles was observed in pulmonary arterial blood compared with venous blood in patients with PAH (1.73 +/- 0.77, P = 0.038). Microparticles bearing active tissue factor were at a higher level in patients in functional class III and IV and who were walking fewer than 380 m with the six-minute-walk test. CONCLUSIONS Circulating markers of endothelium damage, proinflammatory markers, and cell stimulation estimated with circulating microparticles appear to be valuable tools in determining the severity of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babe Bakouboula
- Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Fédération de Cardiologie, Strasbourg, France
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26
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Abstract
Thrombosis remains one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in developed countries. Relevant markers of the primary thrombotic risk however remain of limited accessibility, and clinicians are left with markers of essentially etiological nature. Fortunately, new entities, testifying to cellular activation or damage within the vascular compartment, have been recently described and are in the validation process. Microparticles (MP) are plasma membrane fragments released by stimulated or apoptotic cells. In the vascular compartment, they constitute a disseminated storage pool of bioactive effectors involved in inflammation, thrombosis, vascular tone, angiogenesis. Their biological characteristics are predetermined by the cytosolic and membraneous components hijacked from the activated cells. Their procoagulant properties are based on, (i) the accessibility of phosphatidylserine, a procoagulant aminophospholipid exposed after stimulation and necessary for the assembly of the blood clotting enzyme complexes, and (ii) the possible presence of tissue factor, the major initiator of the coagulation cascade. The incidence of MP in haemostatic processes has been demonstrated in physiology and pathology. They are now considered true pathogenic markers of the thrombotic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Morel
- Unité 143 Inserm, Hôpital de Bicêtre, France
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27
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Boulanger CM, Amabile N, Tedgui A. Circulating microparticles: a potential prognostic marker for atherosclerotic vascular disease. Hypertension 2006; 48:180-6. [PMID: 16801490 DOI: 10.1161/01.hyp.0000231507.00962.b5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chantal M Boulanger
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Cardiovascular Research Center INSERM Lariboisière, Paris, France.
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28
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Morel O, Morel N, Hugel B, Jesel L, Vinzio S, Goichot B, Bakouboula B, Grunebaum L, Freyssinet JM, Toti F. Les microparticules circulantes : rôles physiologiques et implications dans les maladies inflammatoires et thrombotiques. Rev Med Interne 2005; 26:791-801. [PMID: 15936118 DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2005.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2005] [Accepted: 03/11/2005] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In multicellular organisms, apoptosis and subsequent microparticle shedding play a key role in homeostasis. Having long been considered as << cellular dust >>, microparticles released in biological fluids upon cell activation or apoptosis appear as multifunctional bioeffectors involved in the modulation of key functions including immunity, inflammation, hemostasis and thrombosis, angiogenesis. MP constitute reliable markers of vascular damage, accessible to biological detection whilst the cells they originate from remain sequestered in tissues or are promptly submitted to phagocytosis. RECENT FINDINGS MP modulate biological functions of target cells through the transfer of cytoplasmic content, lipids and membrane receptors. The pharmacological modulation of circulating levels of microparticles could be of particular interest in thrombotic or inflammatory diseases, cancer or hemophilia. CONCLUSION MP can now be viewed not only as a hallmark of cell damage but also as a true biological tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Morel
- Fédération de cardiologie des hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, France.
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29
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Andoh A, Tsujikawa T, Hata K, Araki Y, Kitoh K, Sasaki M, Yoshida T, Fujiyama Y. Elevated circulating platelet-derived microparticles in patients with active inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Gastroenterol 2005; 100:2042-8. [PMID: 16128950 DOI: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2005.50381.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Platelet-derived microparticles (PDMPs) are active molecules involved in the hemostatic and inflammatory responses. To evaluate the changes in the platelet function in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), we measured circulating PDMP levels. METHODS Twenty-five healthy controls, 44 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), and 43 patients with Crohn's Disease (CD) were studied. The PDMP and soluble P-selectin (sP-selectin) levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS In the healthy controls, the PDMP levels were 17.2 +/- 6.2 U/mL. Significant differences were not observed between the healthy controls and inactive UC patients (20.8 +/- 9.5 U/mL, n = 25) or between the healthy controls and inactive CD patients (17.6 +/- 7.8 U/mL, n = 24). In contrast, the PDMP levels were significantly higher in both active UC (49.2 +/- 33.6 U/mL, n = 19) and active CD (48.6 +/- 42.8 U/mL, n = 19) patients than in the healthy controls. A significant correlation was found between the PDMP levels and the clinical activity indexes (CAI) of UC patients (r = 0.65, p < 0.01, n = 44), and between the PDMP levels and Crohn's disease activity indexes (CDAI) (r = 0.72, p < 0.01, n = 43). Elevated PDMP levels in active patients were significantly reduced after remission. A significant correlation was observed between the PDMP levels and the sP-selectin levels (r = 0.60, p < 0.01, n = 122). CONCLUSION Elevated circulating PDMPs in active IBD patients suggest a role for platelets in the pathogenesis of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Andoh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tukinowa, Otsu, Japan
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30
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Kamikura Y, Wada H, Nobori T, Kobayashi T, Sase T, Nishikawa M, Ishikura K, Yamada N, Abe Y, Nishioka J, Nakano T, Shiku H. Elevated levels of leukocyte tissue factor mRNA in patients with venous thromboembolism. Thromb Res 2005; 116:307-12. [PMID: 16038715 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2004.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2004] [Revised: 12/05/2004] [Accepted: 12/21/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tissue factor (TF) mRNA levels in leukocyte and TF antigen in plasma were examined in patients with deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Although TF mRNA levels in leukocytes were higher in patients with DVT than in healthy volunteers, they were lower in patients with DVT than in those with solid cancer and those with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). On the other hand, the plasma levels of TF antigens were markedly high in patients with DVT/pulmonary embolism (PE). Analysis of the role of underlying disease of DVT showed no significant difference in TF mRNA levels and TF antigens among patients with solid cancer, post-surgical, other diseases and those free of underlying diseases. In patients with VTE, plasma levels of D-dimer, soluble fibrin, GE-XDP and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 did not correlate with TF mRNA or TF antigen. In analysis of 18 patients with PE with and without DVT, TF mRNA levels in leukocytes correlated with the plasma levels of D-dimer. These findings suggest that TF in leukocytes is more likely to be involved in the development of thrombosis in PE than DVT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Kamikura
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Mie University School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
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Abstract
During the past decade, interrelationships between inflammation and thrombosis have been the subject of extensive works, and it is now commonly recognized that inflammation (notably leucocyte recruitment) directly affects thrombosis, and that thrombosis also constitutes a pro-inflammatory event. This tight link is partly attributable to P-selectin, which is functional not only when expressed on the surface of activated platelets and endothelial cells, but also when shed, generating its soluble form, termed sP-selectin. In this review, we will provide an overview of the relative roles of the different compartments of P-selectin (platelet, endothelial cell, plasma) in haemostasis and vascular pathologies, and the potential therapeutic benefits achievable in targeting this molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick André
- Portola Pharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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