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Liu JY, Yi YZ, Guo QW, Jia KX, Li XC, Cai JJ, Shen YL, Su GM, Chen X, Zhang XY, Fang DZ, Hong H, Lin J. Associations of ACE I/D and AGTR1 rs5182 polymorphisms with diabetes and their effects on lipids in an elderly Chinese population. Lipids Health Dis 2024; 23:231. [PMID: 39080710 PMCID: PMC11290002 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02222-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus is generally accompanied by dyslipidaemia, but inconsistent relationships between lipid profiles and diabetes are noted. Moreover, genetic variations in insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphisms at angiotensin-converting enzyme gene (ACE) and T/C polymorphisms in the angiotensin type 1 receptor gene (AGTR1) are related to diabetes and lipid levels, but the associations are controversial. Thus, the current research aimed to explore the effects of ACE I/D, AGTR1 rs5182 and diabetes mellitus on serum lipid profiles in 385 Chinese participants with an average age of 75.01 years. METHODS The ACE I/D variant was identified using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method, whereas the AGTR1 rs5182 polymorphism was identified using the PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method and verified with DNA sequencing. Total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), apolipoprotein A (ApoA), apolipoprotein B (ApoB), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were measured using routine methods, and the lipid ratios were calculated. RESULTS ACE I/D, but not AGTR1 rs5182, was a predictor of TG/HDL-C for the whole study population. Both ACE I/D and AGTR1 rs5182 were predictors of HDL-C and LDL-C levels in females but not in males. Moreover, in females, diabetes mellitus and ACE I/D were identified as predictors of TG and TG/HDL-C, whereas AGTR1 rs5182 and diabetes mellitus were predictors of TG/HDL-C. Moreover, diabetes mellitus and the combination of ACE I/D and AGTR1 rs5182 variations were predictors of TG and TG/HDL-C exclusively in females. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrated the potential for gender-dependent interactions of ACE I/D, AGTR1 rs5182, and diabetes on lipid profiles. These findings may serve as an additional explanation for the inconsistent changes of blood lipids in individuals with diabetes mellitus, thereby offering a novel perspective for the clinical management of blood lipid levels in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yi Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhi Yi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Qi Wei Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Ke Xin Jia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Xue Cheng Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Jia Jing Cai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Yi Lin Shen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Guo Ming Su
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Xing Yu Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Ding Zhi Fang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Hao Hong
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Chongqing Orthopedic Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, P. R. China.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China.
| | - Jia Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China.
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S Handani DA, Hermawan A, Ikawati Z. Correlation of ACE insertion/deletion gene polymorphism with captopril effectiveness in Indonesian hypertensive patients. Pharmacogenomics 2024:1-9. [PMID: 39069948 DOI: 10.1080/14622416.2024.2375190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Hypertension is a prevalent health concern in Indonesia, with a high percentage of patients unresponsive to ACE inhibitor treatment. Methods: This multicenter case-control study investigated the correlation between ACE I/D and captopril effectiveness in Indonesian hypertensive patients. Hypertensive patients were divided into control (n = 69) and case (n = 73) groups. ACE I/D was identified using PCR and electrophoresis. Results: No significant differences in genotype frequencies or allele distribution were observed. The difference of blood pressure reduction among the three genotypes also lacked statistical significance. Conclusion: ACE I/D is not significantly associated with blood pressure reduction following captopril therapy in Indonesian hypertensive patients. These results underscore the limited predictive utility of ACE I/D in managing hypertension with captopril.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dewa A S Handani
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Adam Hermawan
- Departement of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Zullies Ikawati
- Departement of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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Taha M, Ibrahim MMM, Sedrak H. Association of epistatic effects of MTHFR, ACE, APOB, and APOE gene polymorphisms with the risk of myocardial infarction and unstable angina in Egyptian patients. Gene 2024; 895:147976. [PMID: 37952748 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite remarkable discoveries in the genetic susceptibility of coronary artery disease (CAD), a large part of heritability awaits identification. Epistasis or gene-gene interaction has a profound influence on CAD and might contribute to its missed genetic variability; however, this impact was largely unexplored. Here, we appraised the associations of gene-gene interactions and haplotypes of five polymorphisms, namely methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T and A1298C, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D), apolipoprotein B (APOB) R3500Q, and apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 with the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) and unstable angina (UA). Gene-environment interactions with traditional risk factors and clinical data were also scrutinized. This study recruited 100 MI, 50 UA patients, and 100 apparently healthy controls. Logistic regression models were employed in association analyses. We remarked that the single locus effect of individual polymorphisms was relatively weak; however, a magnified effect of their combination via gene-gene interaction may predict MI risk after adjustment for multiple comparisons. Only MTHFR C677T, ACE I/D, and APOB R5300Q were associated with the risk of UA, and the ACE I/D-R3500Q interaction posed a decreased UA risk. APOB R3500Q was in strong linkage disequilibrium with MTHFR C677T, ACE I/D, and APE ε4 polymorphisms. The TCDGε3, CADGε4, and TADGε4-C677T-A1298C-ACE I/D-R3500Q-APOE haplotypes were associated with escalating MI risk, while the CDG or CIG-C677T-ACE I/D-R3500Q haplotype was highly protective against UA risk compared to controls. Interestingly, the CADGε4 and CAIGε3 haplotypes were strongly associated with the presence of diabetes and hypertension, respectively in MI patients; both haplotypes stratified patients according to the ECHO results. In UA, the CDG haplotype was negatively associated with the presence of diabetes or dilated heart. Conclusively, our results advocate that a stronger combined effect of polymorphisms in MTHFR, ACE, APOB, and APOE genes via gene-gene and gene-environment interactions might help in risk stratification of MI and UA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Taha
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt.
| | | | - Heba Sedrak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
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Melake A, Brhanie N. Association Between ACE I/D Gene Polymorphism and Dyslipidemia in Hypertensive Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease Complication Among Ethiopian Population. RESEARCH REPORTS IN CLINICAL CARDIOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.2147/rrcc.s395780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
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Ghaffarzadeh A, Nemati M, Hassan-Nejhad M, Khadem-Vatani K, Baghal-Sadriforoush S, Bagheri M. Association of angiotensin-converting enzyme gene variations with coronary artery disease in the Iranian population. ARYA ATHEROSCLEROSIS 2023; 19:12-16. [PMID: 38883156 PMCID: PMC11079297 DOI: 10.48305/arya.2022.11869.2692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to identify the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene (I/D) variations in CAD patients and healthy controls in an Iranian population (West Azerbaijan province of Iran). METHOD This cross-sectional study included 95 CAD patients and 203 healthy controls. ACE I/D polymorphisms were assessed using PCR, and their frequency was determined. RESULTS There were 298 people, 95 CAD patients, and 203 controls, with an average age of 50.96±3.45 and 51.14±10.20. We discovered that the frequency of the D allele was significantly higher in CAD patients than in controls (P = 0.0009). In contrast, the frequency of the I allele was significantly higher in controls than in CAD patients (P = 0.0009). The D allele carriers genotypes (DD + ID) were more frequent in the CAD patients than in the control group (P = 0.008). The ACE II genotype-state carriers were more common in the control group than in CAD patients (P = 0.008). However, in the case of the ACE ID genotype, no significant differences were not found in the tested groups (P = 0.47). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that individuals with the ACE DD genotype are predisposed to CAD, whereas individuals with the ACE II genotype state are protected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayda Ghaffarzadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mohadeseh Nemati
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mahsa Hassan-Nejhad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Kamal Khadem-Vatani
- Seyyed-al Shohada University Hospital, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Sahar Baghal-Sadriforoush
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Morteza Bagheri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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Erdman VV, Karimov DD, Tuktarova IA, Timasheva YR, Nasibullin TR, Korytina GF. Alu Deletions in LAMA2 and CDH4 Genes Are Key Components of Polygenic Predictors of Longevity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13492. [PMID: 36362280 PMCID: PMC9657309 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Longevity is a unique human phenomenon and a highly stable trait, characterized by polygenicity. The longevity phenotype occurs due to the ability to successfully withstand the age-related genomic instability triggered by Alu elements. The purpose of our cross-sectional study was to evaluate the combined contribution of ACE*Ya5ACE, CDH4*Yb8NBC516, COL13A1*Ya5ac1986, HECW1*Ya5NBC182, LAMA2*Ya5-MLS19, PLAT*TPA25, PKHD1L1*Yb8AC702, SEMA6A*Yb8NBC597, STK38L*Ya5ac2145 and TEAD1*Ya5ac2013 Alu elements to longevity. The study group included 2054 unrelated individuals aged from 18 to 113 years who are ethnic Tatars from Russia. We analyzed the dynamics of the allele and genotype frequencies of the studied Alu polymorphic loci in the age groups of young (18-44 years old), middle-aged (45-59 years old), elderly (60-74 years old), old seniors (75-89 years old) and long-livers (90-113 years old). Most significant changes in allele and genotype frequencies were observed between the long-livers and other groups. The search for polygenic predictors of longevity was performed using the APSampler program. Attaining longevity was associated with the combinations LAMA2*ID + CDH4*D (OR = 2.23, PBonf = 1.90 × 10-2) and CDH4*DD + LAMA2*ID + HECW1*D (OR = 4.58, PBonf = 9.00 × 10-3) among persons aged between 18 and 89 years, LAMA2*ID + CDH4*D + SEMA6A*I for individuals below 75 years of age (OR = 3.13, PBonf = 2.00 × 10-2), LAMA2*ID + HECW1*I for elderly people aged 60 and older (OR = 3.13, PBonf = 2.00 × 10-2) and CDH4*DD + LAMA2*D + HECW1*D (OR = 4.21, PBonf = 2.60 × 10-2) and CDH4*DD + LAMA2*D + ACE*I (OR = 3.68, PBonf = 1.90 × 10-2) among old seniors (75-89 years old). The key elements of combinations associated with longevity were the deletion alleles of CDH4 and LAMA2 genes. Our results point to the significance for human longevity of the Alu polymorphic loci in CDH4, LAMA2, HECW1, SEMA6A and ACE genes, involved in the integration systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera V. Erdman
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 450054 Ufa, Russia
| | - Denis D. Karimov
- Ufa Research Institute of Labor Medicine and Human Ecology, 450106 Ufa, Russia
| | - Ilsia A. Tuktarova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 450054 Ufa, Russia
| | - Yanina R. Timasheva
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 450054 Ufa, Russia
| | - Timur R. Nasibullin
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 450054 Ufa, Russia
| | - Gulnaz F. Korytina
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 450054 Ufa, Russia
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Butnariu LI, Florea L, Badescu MC, Țarcă E, Costache II, Gorduza EV. Etiologic Puzzle of Coronary Artery Disease: How Important Is Genetic Component? LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12060865. [PMID: 35743896 PMCID: PMC9225091 DOI: 10.3390/life12060865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In the modern era, coronary artery disease (CAD) has become the most common form of heart disease and, due to the severity of its clinical manifestations and its acute complications, is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The phenotypic variability of CAD is correlated with the complex etiology, multifactorial (caused by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors) but also monogenic. The purpose of this review is to present the genetic factors involved in the etiology of CAD and their relationship to the pathogenic mechanisms of the disease. Method: we analyzed data from the literature, starting with candidate gene-based association studies, then continuing with extensive association studies such as Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) and Whole Exome Sequencing (WES). The results of these studies revealed that the number of genetic factors involved in CAD etiology is impressive. The identification of new genetic factors through GWASs offers new perspectives on understanding the complex pathophysiological mechanisms that determine CAD. In conclusion, deciphering the genetic architecture of CAD by extended genomic analysis (GWAS/WES) will establish new therapeutic targets and lead to the development of new treatments. The identification of individuals at high risk for CAD using polygenic risk scores (PRS) will allow early prophylactic measures and personalized therapy to improve their prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lăcrămioara Ionela Butnariu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania; (L.I.B.); (E.V.G.)
| | - Laura Florea
- Department of Nefrology—Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania;
| | - Minerva Codruta Badescu
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iași, Romania
- III Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Emergency Clinical Hospital, 1 Independence Boulevard, 700111 Iași, Romania
- Correspondence: (M.C.B.); (E.Ț.)
| | - Elena Țarcă
- Department of Surgery II—Pediatric Surgery, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
- Correspondence: (M.C.B.); (E.Ț.)
| | - Irina-Iuliana Costache
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iași, Romania;
| | - Eusebiu Vlad Gorduza
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania; (L.I.B.); (E.V.G.)
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Clinical Utility of Amplification Refractory Mutation System-Based PCR and Mutation-Specific PCR for Precise and Rapid Genotyping of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 1 (ACE1-rs4646996 D>I) and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2-rs4240157T>C) Gene Variations in Coronary Artery Disease and Their Strong Association with Its Disease Susceptibility and Progression. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12061321. [PMID: 35741131 PMCID: PMC9222124 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12061321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Experimental clinical and research studies demonstrated that the renin−angiotensin system (RAS) affects the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and the prognosis of coronary heart disease (CHD). The results show that ACE2 (angiotensin I-converting enzyme 2) might act as a protective protein for cardiovascular diseases; however, only a few studies in human populations have been carried out. The aim of this study was to develop, optimize, and validate a direct T-ARMS-based PCR assay for the precise and rapid genotyping of ACE1-rs4646996 D>I and ACE2-rs4240157T>C and study their association with coronary artery disease susceptibility and progression. Methodology: This study included 149 consecutive coronary artery disease patients and 150 healthy controls. We utilized T-ARMS for the precise and rapid genotyping of ACE2-rs4240157; rs4646994. Results: Our results indicated that the ACE1-rs4646996 D>I genotypes observed between CAD cases and controls were statistically significant (p < 0.008) and, similarly, the ACE2-rs4240157T>C genotypes observed were significant (p < 0.0001). Moreover, the frequency of the D allele (ACE1-D>I) and C allele (ACE2-rs4240157T>C) was found to be higher among CAD patients than the HC. Our results indicated that in the codominant model, the ACE2-ID genotype was strongly associated with increased CAD susceptibility in a codominant model with an OR of 2.37, (95%) CI = (1.023−5.504), and p < 0.04. Similarly, the ACE2-DD genotype was strongly associated with an increased CAD susceptibility with an OR of 3.48, (95%) CI = (1.49 to 8.117), and p < 0.003. Similarly, in allelic comparison, the D allele was strongly associated with CAD susceptibility with an OR of 1.59, (95%) CI = (1.12−2.24), and p < 0.003. Our results revealed that there was a significant correlation between ACE2-I/D genotypes and hypertension, T2D, and obesity (p < 0.05). The results of ACE2 rs4240157 genotyping indicated a strong association in the codominant model with an increased CAD susceptibility with an OR of 3.62, (95%) CI = (2.027 to 6.481), and p < 0.0001. Similarly, in a dominant inheritance model, a strong association is observed between the ACE2 rs4240157 (CT+CC) genotype with an OR of 6.34, (95%) CI = (3.741 to 10.749), and p < 0.0001. In allelic comparison, the T allele was strongly associated with CAD susceptibility with an OR of 5.56, (95% CI = (3.56 to 7.17), and p < 0.0001. Similarly, our results revealed that there was a significant association of the ACE2-rs4240157T>C genotypes with Triglycerides (mg/dL), HDL-C (mg/dL), total Cholesterol (mg/dL), and C-reactive protein (mg/L) in CAD. Conclusion: It was indicated that the ARMS technique and MS-PCR assay proved to be fast, accurate, and reliable for ACE2-rs4240157T>C and ACE1-rs4646996 D>I, respectively, and can be used as a potential molecular tool in the diagnosis of genetic diseases in undeveloped and developing countries—where there might be a shortage of medical resources and supplies. ACE1-I>D genotypes were strongly associated with T2D, hypertension, and obesity (p < 0.002). Besides the ACE2-rs4240157 CT heterozygosity genotype, the T allele was strongly associated with CAD susceptibility. Future longitudinal studies in different ethnic populations with larger sample sizes are recommended to validate these findings
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Sandeep B, Xiao Z, Gao K, Mao L, Chen J, Ping W, Hong W, Zhang Z. Role and interaction between ACE1, ACE2 and their related genes in cardiovascular disorders. Curr Probl Cardiol 2022:101162. [PMID: 35245599 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2022.101162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the greatest health care burden and one of the most common causes of death worldwide. Less is known about the genetic factors that are responsible for predisposition to cardiovascular disease thus; the molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying cardiovascular diseases remain obscure. One important regulator of blood pressure homeostasis is the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). The protease renin cleaves angiotensinogen into the inactive decameric peptide angiotensin I (AngI). Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) catalyzes the cleavage of the Ang I into the active octomer angiotensin II (Ang II). In humans, can ACE polymorphism has been associated with determinants of renal and cardiovascular function and pharmacological inhibition of ACE and Ang II receptors are effective in lowering blood pressure and preventing kidney disease. In addition, inhibition of ACE and Ang II receptors has beneficial effects in heart failure. A homologue of ACE, termed ACE2, has been identified; it is predominantly expressed in the vascular endothelial cells of the kidney and heart. Unlike ACE, ACE2 functions as a carboxypeptidase, cleaving a single residue from AngI, generating Ang1-9, and a single residue from AngII to generate Ang1-7. Nevertheless, the in vivo role of ACE2 in the cardiovascular system and the RAS is not known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhushan Sandeep
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610017.
| | - Zongwei Xiao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610017
| | - Ke Gao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610017
| | - Long Mao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610017
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610017
| | - Wu Ping
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610017
| | - Wang Hong
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610017
| | - Zhengwei Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Unit, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610017
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Sandeep B, Xiao Z, Gao K, Mao L, Chen J, Ping W, Hong W, Zhang Z. Role and interaction between ACE1, ACE2 and their related genes in cardiovascular disorders. Curr Probl Cardiol 2022. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2022.101162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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El-Arif G, Farhat A, Khazaal S, Annweiler C, Kovacic H, Wu Y, Cao Z, Fajloun Z, Khattar ZA, Sabatier JM. The Renin-Angiotensin System: A Key Role in SARS-CoV-2-Induced COVID-19. Molecules 2021; 26:6945. [PMID: 34834033 PMCID: PMC8622307 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), was first identified in Eastern Asia (Wuhan, China) in December 2019. The virus then spread to Europe and across all continents where it has led to higher mortality and morbidity, and was declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in March 2020. Recently, different vaccines have been produced and seem to be more or less effective in protecting from COVID-19. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS), an essential enzymatic cascade involved in maintaining blood pressure and electrolyte balance, is involved in the pathogenicity of COVID-19, since the angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2) acts as the cellular receptor for SARS-CoV-2 in many human tissues and organs. In fact, the viral entrance promotes a downregulation of ACE2 followed by RAS balance dysregulation and an overactivation of the angiotensin II (Ang II)-angiotensin II type I receptor (AT1R) axis, which is characterized by a strong vasoconstriction and the induction of the profibrotic, proapoptotic and proinflammatory signalizations in the lungs and other organs. This mechanism features a massive cytokine storm, hypercoagulation, an acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and subsequent multiple organ damage. While all individuals are vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2, the disease outcome and severity differ among people and countries and depend on a dual interaction between the virus and the affected host. Many studies have already pointed out the importance of host genetic polymorphisms (especially in the RAS) as well as other related factors such age, gender, lifestyle and habits and underlying pathologies or comorbidities (diabetes and cardiovascular diseases) that could render individuals at higher risk of infection and pathogenicity. In this review, we explore the correlation between all these risk factors as well as how and why they could account for severe post-COVID-19 complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- George El-Arif
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences 2, Campus Fanar, Lebanese University, Jdeidet El-Matn 1202, Lebanon; (G.E.-A.); (A.F.)
| | - Antonella Farhat
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences 2, Campus Fanar, Lebanese University, Jdeidet El-Matn 1202, Lebanon; (G.E.-A.); (A.F.)
| | - Shaymaa Khazaal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences 3, Campus Michel Slayman Ras Maska, Lebanese University, Tripoli 1352, Lebanon;
| | - Cédric Annweiler
- Research Center on Autonomy and Longevity, Department of Geriatric Medicine and Memory Clinic, University Hospital, Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire, LPPL EA 4638, SFR Confluences, University of Angers, 44312 Angers, France;
| | - Hervé Kovacic
- Institute of NeuroPhysiopathology, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INP, 13385 Marseille, France;
| | - Yingliang Wu
- Modern Virology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (Y.W.); (Z.C.)
| | - Zhijian Cao
- Modern Virology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (Y.W.); (Z.C.)
| | - Ziad Fajloun
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences 3, Campus Michel Slayman Ras Maska, Lebanese University, Tripoli 1352, Lebanon;
- Azm Center for Research in Biotechnology and Its Applications, Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology (LBA3B), EDST, Lebanese University, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon
| | - Ziad Abi Khattar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences 2, Campus Fanar, Lebanese University, Jdeidet El-Matn 1202, Lebanon; (G.E.-A.); (A.F.)
- Laboratory of Georesources, Geosciences and Environment (L2GE), Microbiology/Tox-Ecotoxicology Team, Faculty of Sciences 2, Lebanese University, Jdeidet El-Matn 1202, Lebanon
| | - Jean Marc Sabatier
- Institute of NeuroPhysiopathology, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INP, 13385 Marseille, France;
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Macêdo SRD, Silva-Filho AC, Vieira ASM, Soares Junior NDJ, Dias CJ, Dias Filho CAA, Maciel AW, Rabelo LGD, Pires FO, Ribeiro RM, Rodrigues B, Mostarda CT. Cardiac Autonomic Modulation is a Key Factor for High Blood Pressure in Adolescentes. Arq Bras Cardiol 2021; 117:648-654. [PMID: 34709291 PMCID: PMC8528363 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20200093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Fundamento O interesse pela hipertensão em crianças e adolescentes aumentou desde a atualização do sistema de classificação da pressão arterial para comparar com o sistema de classificação dos adultos, alterando a terminologia de “normal alta” para “pré-hipertensão”. Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a associação da modulação autonômica cardíaca com os níveis pressóricos dos adolescentes. Métodos 203 adolescentes foram agrupados de acordo com a pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) e a pressão arterial diastólica (PAD). Um grupo foi caracterizado como pré-hipertensão, e o outro como normotenso. Foram coletadas características antropométricas, cardiovasculares e de qualidade do sono. Inicialmente, os dados foram submetidos ao teste de normalidade Kolmogorov-Smirnov . As variáveis quantitativas contínuas foram analisadas por meio do teste T de Student não pareado. Para análise das variáveis categóricas, foi utilizado o teste qui-quadrado. Um modelo de regressão logística foi realizado. O nível de significância estabelecido foi p<0,05. Os dados foram expressos como média ± desvio padrão e intervalo de confiança. O software R foi utilizado para análise dos dados. O tamanho do efeito foi calculado com a fórmula de Cohen. Resultados O grupo pré-hipertensão apresentou aumento da entropia de Shannon e diminuição da variância total. Além disso, no modelo de regressão logística, os adolescentes deste grupo tiveram 1,03 mais chances de ter a entropia de Shannon afetada quando a PAS foi ajustada ao gênero, maturação sexual, tempo escolar, idade, circunferência da cintura e qualidade do sono. Conclusão Nossos dados mostram que a modulação autonômica pode desempenhar um papel importante no desenvolvimento da pressão arterial elevada em adolescentes ao controlar fatores como tempo escolar e qualidade do sono.
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Strong Association of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme-2 Gene Insertion/Deletion Polymorphism with Susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2, Hypertension, Coronary Artery Disease and COVID-19 Disease Mortality. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11111098. [PMID: 34834450 PMCID: PMC8621157 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11111098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ongoing outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 represents a significant challenge to international health. Several reports have highlighted the importance of ACE2 on the pathogenesis of COVID-19. The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 efficiently binds to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors and facilitates virus entry into the host cell. In the present study, we hypothesize that a functional insertion/deletion polymorphism-rs4646994 I/D and rs4240157 T > C in the ACE gene could be associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and mortality. METHODOLOGY This study included 117 consecutive COVID-19 patients and 150 age matched healthy controls (ACE2-rs4646994 I/D) and 100 age matched healthy controls with ACE2 rs4240157 T > C. We used Mutation specific PCR (MSP) for ACE2-rs4646994 I/D genotyping and amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS-PCR) for ACE2 rs4240157 T > C genotyping. RESULTS Results indicated that there were significant differences in the genotype distributions of ACE2-rs4646994 I/D polymorphisms (p < 0.030) and ACE2 rs4240157 T > C between COVID-19 patients and controls (p-values < 0.05). Higher frequency of DD genotype (48.71%) and D allele (0.67) was reported in COVID-19 patients than controls. Our results showed that the ACE2-DD genotype was strongly associated with increased COVID-19 severity (OR 2.37 (95%) CI = (1.19-4.70), RR = 1.39 (1.09-1.77), p < 0.013) and also a strong association was seen with ACE2-ID genotype with COVID-19 severity (OR 2.20 (95%) CI = (1.08-4.46), p < 0.020) in the codominant model. In allelic comparison, the D allele was strongly associated with COVID-19 severity (OR 1.58 (95% CI) (1.11-2.27), RR 1.21 (1.05-1.41) p < 0.010). A significant correlation of ACE2-I/D genotypes was reported with Age (p < 0.035), T2D (p < 0.0013), hypertension (p < 0.0031) and coronary artery disease (p < 0.0001). Our results indicated ACE2-DD genotype was strongly associated with increased COVID-19 mortality (OR 8.25 (95%) CI = (2.40 to 28.34), p < 0.008) and also ACE2-DD + DI genotype was strongly associated with increased COVID-19 mortality with OR 4.74 (95%) CI = (1.5214 to 14.7915), p < 0.007. A significant correlation was reported between COVID-19 patients and age matched controls (p < 0.0007). Higher frequency of heterozygosity TC (40%) followed by ACE2-CC genotype (24.78%) was reported among COVID-19 patients. Using multivariate analysis, ACE2-CT genotype was strong associated with SARS-CoV-2 severity with an OR 2.18 (95% CI) (1.92-3.99), p < 0.010 and also ACE2-CC genotype was linked with COVID-19 severity with an OR 2.66 (95% CI) (1.53-4.62), p < 0.005. A significant correlation of ACE2-T > C genotypes was reported with gender (p < 0.04), T2D (p < 0.035). ACE2-CC genotype was strongly associated with increased COVID-19 mortality OR 3.66 (95%) CI = (1.34 to 9.97), p < 0.011 and also ACE2-C allele was associated with COVID-19 mortality OR 2, 01 (1.1761-3.45), p < 0.010. CONCLUSIONS It is concluded that ACE-DD genotype and D allele was strongly associated with increased COVID-19 patient severity. In addition, ACE I/D polymorphism were strongly associated with advanced age, diabetes and ischemic heart disease in COVID-19 patients whereas ACE-II genotype was a protective factor against the development of severe COVID-19. ACE2-DD genotype was strongly associated with increased COVID-19 mortality. Additionally, ACE2-CC and CT genotypes were strongly associated with COVID-19 severity. Therefore, our study might be useful for identifying the susceptible population groups for targeted interventions and for making relevant public health policy decisions.
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Rigatto K. Pre-Hypertension in Adolescents: A New Old Issue. Arq Bras Cardiol 2021; 117:655-656. [PMID: 34709292 PMCID: PMC8528357 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20210702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Katya Rigatto
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto AlegrePorto AlegreRSBrasilUniversidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS – Brasil
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马 菀, 范 平, 刘 宏, 刘 青, 胡 开, 白 怀, 李 遂. [Clinical Study of the Impact of ACE I/D Gene Variation on the Clinical Parameters of Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome]. SICHUAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF SICHUAN UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCE EDITION 2021; 52:877-882. [PMID: 34622609 PMCID: PMC10408884 DOI: 10.12182/20210960207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between angiotensin Ⅰ-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) gene polymorphism and the genetic risks for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and to evaluate the impact of ACE I/D genotypes on clinical, hormonal, metabolic and oxidative stress parameters in patients with PCOS. METHODS This was a retrospective case-control study involving a total of 1 020 PCOS patients and 825 female controls who visited the outpatient clinic of the Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, West China Second Hospital of Sichuan University between 2006 and 2019. The ages of the subjects ranged between 17 and 44. The ACE I/D genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and gel electrophoresis. 667 PCOS patients and 527 controls were selected for an analysis of their genotypes and the hormonal, metabolic and oxidative stress parameters. RESULTS The genotype distributions of the ACE I/D single nucleotide polymorphism was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in both the PCOS group and the control group (all P>0.05), which was representative of the population. There were no statistically significant differences in genotype and allele frequencies between the PCOS and the control groups ( P>0.05). After adjusting for both age and body mass index (BMI), there was no statistically significant difference in clinical characteristics among all genotypes in either the PCOS group or the control group. In the PCOS group, compared with the II genotype subgroup, the ID genotype subgroup had lower luteinizing hormone (LH)/follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) ratio, while the DD genotype subgroup had higher homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Compared with the ID genotype subgroup, the DD genotype subgroup had lower serum sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) level, but higher total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels ( P<0.05). In the control group, II genotype subgroup had a higher level of total oxidant status (TOS) than that of the DD genotype subgroup. CONCLUSION ACE I/D genetic polymorphism is not associated with risks for PCOS. The I/D variation of ACE gene may be related to insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia, hyperandrogenemia and oxidative stress in PCOS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- 菀笛 马
- 西南交通大学 生命科学与工程学院 (成都 610031)College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
- 四川大学华西第二医院 遗传代谢性疾病及围生医学实验室 (成都 610041)Laboratory of Genetic Disease and Perinatal Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 平 范
- 西南交通大学 生命科学与工程学院 (成都 610031)College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - 宏伟 刘
- 西南交通大学 生命科学与工程学院 (成都 610031)College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - 青青 刘
- 西南交通大学 生命科学与工程学院 (成都 610031)College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - 开峰 胡
- 西南交通大学 生命科学与工程学院 (成都 610031)College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - 怀 白
- 西南交通大学 生命科学与工程学院 (成都 610031)College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - 遂焰 李
- 西南交通大学 生命科学与工程学院 (成都 610031)College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
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Lanz-Luces JR, Costa FA, Guzman LFE, Gagliardi ARDT, Lanz-Luces JA, Lanz-Souquett JD, Costa LMAD. DD Genotype and Atherosclerosis in Overweight Menopausal Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.36660/ijcs.20200400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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The Association of IL-6, TNFα and CRP Gene Polymorphisms with Coronary Artery Disease in a Tunisian Population: A Case-Control study. Biochem Genet 2021; 59:751-766. [PMID: 33527329 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-021-10035-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease is an inflammatory disease. Systemic markers of inflammation such as Interleukin-6, Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha and C-reactive protein have previously been shown to be associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events. The aim of the present study is to assess the role of variants in the IL-6 (- 174 G/C), TNFα (- 308 A/G) and CRP (+ 1059G/C) genes as susceptibility markers for CAD in a Tunisian population. The investigation was conducted as a case-control study involving 204 patients and 400 age-gender matched controls. Genotyping was performed using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. There are significant differences between CAD patients and the control group with regard to BMI (p < 10-3) and family history of CAD (p < 10-3). The CAD patients are more likely to have a history of smoking (p < 10-3), have a higher value of TC (p = 0.003), LDLc (p = 0.016), hs-CRP (p = 0.01), IL6 (p < 10-3) and TNFα (p = 0.038). Our analysis showed significant differences between cases and controls in genotypic distribution of IL6-174CC (p = 0.003; OR = 7.71 CI (1.58-37.56)), TNFα - 308 AA (p = 0.004; OR = 2.95 (1.57-5.51)) and CRP + 1059 CC (p < 10-3; OR = 5.40 (2.30-12.68)). However, we failed to find an association between the different genotypes and the inflammatory markers levels. Our results suggest that the presence of IL-6 (- 174 G/C), TNFα (-308 A/G) and CRP (+ 1059G/C) polymorphisms, may be considered to be a risk factor for CAD in Tunisian population.
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Dias-Filho CAA, Soares NDJS, Bomfim MRQ, José Dias C, Vidal FCB, Magalhães BC, Ferreira AC, Monteiro SCM, Salvador EP, de Barros CC, Correia PE, Rodrigues B, Mostarda CT. The effect of family history of hypertension and polymorphism of the ACE gene (rs1799752) on cardiac autonomic modulation in adolescents. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 48:177-185. [PMID: 33090544 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the behaviour of cardiac autonomic modulation in adolescents with a family history of hypertension along with polymorphism of the ACE gene (rs1799752). The study involved 141 adolescents, with a mean age of 14.89, divided into the following six groups: offspring of normotensive parents (ONP): DD, DI and II; and offspring of hypertensive parents (OHP): DD, DI and II. Blood pressure, body composition, family history of hypertension, sleep disorder, and sexual maturation were assessed for the groups' characterization. Afterwards, an electrocardiogram was performed, and oral mucosal cells were collected to analyze heart rate variability and genotypic research of angiotensin-converting enzyme. The main finding of this study was the decrease of vagal action in group OHP (genotype DD) relative to group ONP (genotype II): LF (%), 54.25 ± 3.14 vs 39.33 ± 3.80; HF (%), 45.74 ± 3.14 vs 60.66 ± 3.80; LF/HF, 1.48 ± 0.23 vs 0.68 ± 0.19. The results also showed changes in the variable diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in OHP (genotype DI) to ONP (genotype II) groups: 72.99 ± 2.33 vs 63.27 ± 1.72; and OHP (genotype DI) to ONP (genotype DD) groups. Adolescents with genotype DD and a family history of arterial hypertension present chances in cardiac autonomic modulation, the cardiac parasympathetic modulation is lower in these adolescents in comparison to participants of ONP + II group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Alberto Alves Dias-Filho
- Laboratório de Adaptações Cardiovasculares ao Exercício - LACORE, Physical Education Department, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| | - Nivaldo de Jesus Silva Soares
- Laboratório de Adaptações Cardiovasculares ao Exercício - LACORE, Physical Education Department, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos José Dias
- Laboratório de Adaptações Cardiorrenais ao Exercício Físico - LACE, Universidade Federal do Maranhão UFMA/Campus Pinheiro, Pinheiro, Brasil
| | | | - Bruna Cruz Magalhães
- Laboratório de Adaptações Cardiovasculares ao Exercício - LACORE, Physical Education Department, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| | - Andressa Coelho Ferreira
- Laboratório de Adaptações Cardiovasculares ao Exercício - LACORE, Physical Education Department, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Bruno Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Investigation and Exercise (LICE), School of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Teixeira Mostarda
- Laboratório de Adaptações Cardiovasculares ao Exercício - LACORE, Physical Education Department, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
- Physical Education Department, UFMA, São Luís, Brazil
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Yang XM, Liang JP, Huang XJ, Wang XR, Sun Y, Dong C, Cui YL, Hui WL. A Novel PCR Method for Detecting ACE Gene Insertion/Deletion Polymorphisms and its Clinical Application. Biol Proced Online 2021; 23:2. [PMID: 33413084 PMCID: PMC7791644 DOI: 10.1186/s12575-020-00140-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) plays a major role in blood pressure regulation and cardiovascular homeostasis. The wide distribution and multifunctional properties of ACE suggest it’s involvement in various pathophysiological conditions. Results In this study, a novel visual detection method for ACE I/D polymorphisms was designed by integrating direct PCR without the need for DNA extraction using gold magnetic nanoparticles (GMNPs)-based lateral flow assay (LFA) biosensor. The entire detection procedure could enable the genotyping of clinical samples in about 80 min. The detection limit was 0.75 ng and results could be obtained in 5 min using the LFA device. Three hundred peripheral blood samples were analyzed using the direct PCR-LFA system and then verified by sequencing to determine accuracy and repeatability. A clinical preliminary study was then performed to analyze a total of 633 clinical samples. Conclusions After grouping based on age, we found a significant difference between the genotypes and the age of patients in the CHD group. The introduction of this method into clinical practice may be helpful for the diagnosis of diseases caused by large fragment gene insertions/deletions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Min Yang
- The College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shanxi, China
| | - Jian-Ping Liang
- The College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Huang
- The College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiang-Rong Wang
- The College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shanxi, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Data Center of Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710069, Shanxi, China
| | - Chen Dong
- The College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shanxi, China
| | - Ya-Li Cui
- The College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shanxi, China. .,Shanxi Provincial Engineering Research Center for Nano-Biomedical Detection, Xi'an, 710077, Shanxi, China.
| | - Wen-Li Hui
- The College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shanxi, China. .,Shanxi Provincial Engineering Research Center for Nano-Biomedical Detection, Xi'an, 710077, Shanxi, China.
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Hemeed RN, Al-Tu'ma FJ, Al-Koofee DAF, Al-Mayali AH. Relationship of angiotensin converting enzyme (I/D) polymorphism (rs4646994) and coronary heart disease among a male Iraqi population with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2020; 19:1227-1232. [PMID: 33553025 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-020-00632-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insertion deletion (I/D) polymorphism (rs4646994) in the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) has a substantial effect on coronary heart disease (CHD). The amplification of an Alu repetitive element in an intron of the ACE has shown three potential genotypes of I/I and D/D as homozygous, and I/D as heterozygous. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate the association between the ACE gene polymorphism and CHD among male Iraqi patients with and without type2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS A case-control study of total 217 male subjects participated in this study, divided into three groups; Group 1 including 86 CHD patients with T2DM, group 2 including 78 CHD patients without T2DM, and group 3 including 53 age and sex-matched healthy individuals (as a control group). Genotyping of ACE (I/D) gene was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. RESULTS The II allele was significantly more frequent in CHD patients without T2DM compared to the control population, but not from those patients with T2DM (p < 0.05). Nonetheless, the ID allele was significantly more frequent in each of CHD with T2DM and control populations compared to the CHD without T2DM. The DD allele was significantly more frequent in CHD patients with T2DM compared to each of CHD patients without T2DM and control populations (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION We conclude that the D/D and I/D genotypes are implicated as risk factors for development of CHD with T2DM, but not CHD without T2DM among the male Iraqi population. However, larger sample sizes are needed to monitor the CHD patients and to validate this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghda N Hemeed
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kerbala, Kerbala, Iraq
| | - Fadhil J Al-Tu'ma
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kerbala, Kerbala, Iraq
| | - Dhafer A F Al-Koofee
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Ahmed H Al-Mayali
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kerbala, Kerbala, Iraq
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Lv Y, Zhao W, Yu L, Yu JG, Zhao L. Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Gene D/I Polymorphism in Relation to Endothelial Function and Endothelial-Released Factors in Chinese Women. Front Physiol 2020; 11:951. [PMID: 33041838 PMCID: PMC7526498 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have investigated the relationship between angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) D/I polymorphism and cardiovascular disease or endothelial dysfunction; however, hardly any of these studies has taken aging or menopause into consideration. Furthermore, despite that many studies have examined the regulatory effects of endothelial-released factors (ERFs) on endothelial function, no study has evaluated the relationship between ERFs and endothelial function with respect to ACE D/I polymorphism and menopause status. To answer these questions, 391 healthy Chinese women over a wide range of ages (22-75 years) were enrolled and divided into pre-menopause group and post-menopause group. After ACE D/I genotype being identified, the women were then classified into either DI/II or DD genotype. Flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) of brachial endothelium and plasma levels of ERFs: nitric oxide (NO), endothelin-1 (ET-1), and angiotensin II (Ang II) were measured. The results showed that frequencies of ACE D/I genotypes were in accordance with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, and the frequency of I allele was higher than D allele. In pre-menopause group, FMD was significantly higher in women of DI/II than DD (P = 0.032), and age-dependent in both genotypes (DD, P = 0.0472; DI/II, P < 0.0001). In post-menopause group, FMD was similar between women of DI/II and DD, and age-dependent only in women of DI/II (P < 0.0001). In pre-menopause group, Ang II level was significantly higher in women of DD than DI/II (P = 0.029), and FMD was significantly correlated with all ERFs in women of DD (NO, P = 0.032; ET-1, P = 0.017; Ang II, P = 0.002), but only with Ang II in women of DI/II (P = 0.026). In post-menopause group, no significant difference was observed in any ERF between women of DI/II and DD, and FMD was only significantly correlated with ET-1 in women of DD (P = 0.010). In summary, FMD in women of DI/II was superior to DD in pre-menopause and more age-dependent than DD in post-menopause, and FMD was closely associated with ERFs. In conclusion, Chinese women of DI/II seem to have lower risk than DD in pre-menopause, but similar risk as DD in post-menopause in developing cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Lv
- China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Laikang Yu
- Department of Strength and Conditioning Training, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Ji-Guo Yu
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Section of Sports Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
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Pati A, Mahto H, Padhi S, Panda AK. ACE deletion allele is associated with susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and mortality rate: An epidemiological study in the Asian population. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 510:455-458. [PMID: 32791137 PMCID: PMC7416133 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Differential distribution of ACE I/D polymorphism observed in Asian countries. Allele D of ACE I/D polymorphism was associated with susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection. The minor allele of ACE I/D was linked with COVID-19 mortality in the Asian population.
Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is believed to have emerged from Wuhan, China, and spreads over 215 countries worldwide. The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 binds to angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) receptors and enter the host cells. Several reports have been highlighted the importance of ACE-2 on the pathogenesis of COVID-19. In the present study, we hypothesize that a functional insertion/deletion polymorphism in the ACE gene could be associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and mortality. Materials and methods PubMed and Google scholar search engines were used to obtained data on the prevalence of ACE I/D polymorphism in different countries of the Asia continent. Data on COVID-19 infection rate (per million), mortality/million, and percentage of recovery were acquired form worldometer website. The Spearman rank correlation test performed to investigate the correlation of allele ‘D’ with SARS-CoV-2 infection, mortality rate, and recovery percentage. Results Epidemiological investigation revealed a significant positive correlation of D allele of ACE polymorphism with SARS-CoV-2 infection (r = 0.502, p = 0.008, n = 26) and mortality rate (r = 0.620, p = 0.002, n = 22) in Asian population. However, no significant role of ACE I/D polymorphism was observed with recovery rate of patients from SARS-CoV-2 infection (r = −0.208, p = 0.352, n = 22). Conclusions Allele D of ACE insertion/deletion polymorphism is associated with the rate of infection and mortality in the Asian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Pati
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Khallikote University, Transit Campus: GMax Building, Konisi, Berhampur, Odisha 761008, India
| | - Harishankar Mahto
- Department of Botany, Ranchi University, Ranchi, Jharkhand 834008, India
| | - Sunali Padhi
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Khallikote University, Transit Campus: GMax Building, Konisi, Berhampur, Odisha 761008, India
| | - Aditya K Panda
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Khallikote University, Transit Campus: GMax Building, Konisi, Berhampur, Odisha 761008, India.
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Falahati A, Arazi H, Suzuki K. Acute Responses of Cardiac Biomarkers to Intermittent and Continuous Exercise Are Related to Age Difference but Not I/D Polymorphism in the ACE Gene. Front Physiol 2020; 11:665. [PMID: 32774305 PMCID: PMC7381388 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine the (i) cardiac biomarker (cTnI and NT-proBNP) responses to moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE) and high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) in the middle-aged and young groups, (ii) relationship of post-exercise cardiac biomarker release between these two age groups, and (iii) investigate whether insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism in the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene is associated with predisposition to cardiac damage after exercise in Iranian men. Methods We examined cTnI and NT-proBNP in 29 middle-aged (54.5 ± 4.6 years) and 28 young (22.7 ± 4.2 years) soccer players before and after HIIE and MICE running tests. Results The middle-aged soccer players had higher baseline cTnI (0.015 ± 0.007 ng/ml vs. 0.010 ± 0.006 ng/ml; P = 0.01) and NT-proBNP (30.7 ± 13.6 ng/L vs. 18.4 ± 8.3 ng/L; P < 0.001) values compared with the young group. The changes with exercise (ΔcTnI: 13 vs. 11 ng/ml and ΔNT-proBNP: 18 vs. 11 ng/L) were also higher in the middle-aged group. No subject exceeded the upper reference limit for cTnI and NT-proBNP. Considering three ACE genotypes, the mean cTnI and NT-proBNP values of middle-aged and young groups did not show any significant difference. Conclusion Marked differences in baseline and post-exercise cTnI and NT-proBNP values were observed, which were related to age differences but not to ACE genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Falahati
- Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Hamid Arazi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
- *Correspondence: Hamid Arazi,
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Pinheiro DS, Santos RS, Jardim PCBV, Silva EG, Reis AAS, Pedrino GR, Ulhoa CJ. The combination of ACE I/D and ACE2 G8790A polymorphisms revels susceptibility to hypertension: A genetic association study in Brazilian patients. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221248. [PMID: 31430320 PMCID: PMC6701835 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) is a multifactorial condition that already affects one third of the worldwide population. The identification of candidate genes for hypertension is a challenge for the next years. Nevertheless, the small contribution of each individual genetic factor to the disease brings the necessity of evaluate genes in an integrative manner and taking into consideration the physiological interaction of functions. Angiotensin I-converting enzymes, ACE and ACE2, are key regulators of blood pressure that have counterbalance roles by acting on vasoactive peptides from Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS). Insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of ACE gene and single nucleotide polymorphism G8790A of ACE2 gene have been associated with susceptibility to SAH, but the literature is controversial. We proposed to evaluate these two polymorphisms jointly exploring the combined effects of ACE and ACE2 genotypes on SAH susceptibility, an approach that have not been done yet for ACE and ACE2 polymorphisms. METHODS AND FINDINGS This genetic association study included 117 hypertensive (mean age 59.7 years) patients and 123 normotensive and diabetes-free controls (mean age 57.5 years). ACE and ACE2 polymorphisms were genotyped by SYBR Green real-time PCR and RFLP-PCR, respectively. Crude and adjusted odds ratio (OR) values were calculated to estimate the susceptibility to SAH development. It was obtained homogeneity regarding distribution by sex, age range, smoking, alcohol consumption and body mass index (BMI) between case and control groups. No-association was verified for each gene individually, but the combination of ACE and ACE2 polymorphisms on female gender revealed a significative association for DD/G_ carriers who had a 3-fold increased risk to SAH development (p = 0.03), with a stronger susceptibility on DD/GG carriers (7-fold increased risk, p = 0.01). The D allele of ACE showed association with altered levels of lipid profile variables on case group (VLDL-cholesterol, p = 0.01) and DD genotype in all individuals analysis (triglycerides, p = 0.01 and VLDL-cholesterol, p = 0.01). CONCLUSION These findings indicate that the combination of ACE and ACE2 polymorphisms effects may play a role in SAH predisposition been the DD/G_ genotype the susceptibility profile. This result allowed us to raise the hypothesis that an increased activity of ACE (prohypertensive effects) in conjunction with reduced ACE2 activity (antihypertensive effects) could be the underlining mechanism. The association of ACE D allele with lipid alterations indicate that this can be a marker of poor prognostic on SAH evolution and contribute to CVD development. Although these preliminary findings must be confirmed by further researches with larger sample size, we could observe that the integrative analysis of ACE and ACE2 can be an informative tool in hypertension understanding that needs to be explored in new studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise S. Pinheiro
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo S. Santos
- Department of Nature Sciences (LEdoC), Special Academic Unit of Human Sciences, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiás, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Paulo C. B. Veiga Jardim
- League of Hypertension, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Elisangela G. Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Angela A. S. Reis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Gustavo R. Pedrino
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Cirano J. Ulhoa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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25
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Nouryazdan N, Adibhesami G, Birjandi M, Heydari R, Yalameha B, Shahsavari G. Study of angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism, enzyme activity and oxidized low density lipoprotein in Western Iranians with atherosclerosis: a case-control study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2019; 19:184. [PMID: 31370787 PMCID: PMC6676562 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-019-1158-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It has been indicated that Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Insertion/Deletion (ACE I/D) polymorphism (rs4646994) could be regarded as a genetic factor that raises the risk of CAD through its impact on the activity of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) and angiotensin II level. The present study seeks to examine the relationship between ACE I/D polymorphism with the risk of atherosclerosis. Moreover, its potential effects on ACE activity and oxLDL level are investigated. Methods In this study, 145 healthy individuals and 154 patients (143 males and 156 females) were selected among the subjects referred to Shahid Madani Hospital. Atherosclerosis was determined in all subjects with gold standard angiography. Blood samples were collected, used to isolate white blood cells (WBC) and serum separation. The DNA was extracted and the polymorphism was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The enzyme activity was measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results This study indicated that patients with atherosclerosis had higher levels of oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein (oxLDL) and ACE activity (P < 0.05) as compared to controls. Although we found a significant association between ACE I/D polymorphism genotype and the allele with atherosclerosis in the male group, there were no association when the entire patient group was compared to the entire control group. Conclusion Our study revealed the ACE I/D polymorphism of the ACE gene may not be an independent risk factor in the development of atherosclerosis and evaluation of ACE activity level is more important in evaluating the risk of disease. The researchers found no relation between ACE I/D polymorphism and atherosclerosis and also between types of genotype, ACE activity, and OxLDL level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Nouryazdan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Glavizh Adibhesami
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Mehdi Birjandi
- Nutritional Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Rouhollah Heydari
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Banafsheh Yalameha
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Shahsavari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran. .,Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
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26
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Mihăilă RG. Pragmatic Analysis of Dyslipidemia Involvement in Coronary Artery Disease: A Narrative Review. Curr Cardiol Rev 2019; 16:36-47. [PMID: 31113345 PMCID: PMC7393591 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x15666190522100041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dyslipidemia is the main factor involved in the occurrence and progression of coronary artery disease. Objective The research strategy is aimed at analyzing new data on the pathophysiology of dyslipidemia involvement in coronary artery disease, the modalities of atherogenic risk estimation and therapeutic advances. Methods Scientific articles published in PubMed from January 2017 to February 2018 were searched using the terms “dyslipidemia” and “ischemic heart disease”. Results PCSK9 contributes to the increase in serum levels of low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and lipoprotein (a). The inflammation is involved in the progression of hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis. Hypercholesterolemia changes the global cardiac gene expression profile and is thus involved in the increase of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis initiated by inflammation. Coronary artery calcifications may estimate the risk of coronary events. The cardio-ankle vascular index evaluates the arterial stiffness and correlates with subclinical coronary atherosclerosis. The carotid plaque score is superior to carotid intima-media thickness for risk stratification in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia and both can independently predict coronary artery disease. The lipoprotein (a) and familial hypercholesterolemia have a synergistic role in predicting the risk of early onset and severity of coronary atherosclerosis. A decrease in atherosclerotic coronary plaque progression can be achieved in patients with plasma LDL-cholesterol levels below 70 mg/dL. A highly durable RNA interference therapeutic inhibitor of PCSK9 synthesis could be a future solution. Conclusion The prophylaxis and treatment of coronary artery disease in a dyslipidemic patient should be based on a careful assessment of cardio-vascular risk factors and individual metabolic particularities, so it may be personalized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romeo-Gabriel Mihăilă
- Faculty of Medicine, "Lucian Blaga" University of Sibiu, Sibiu, Romania; CVASIC Laboratory, Emergency County Clinical Hospital Sibiu, Sibiu, Romania
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27
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Amara A, Mrad M, Sayeh A, Haggui A, Lahideb D, Fekih-Mrissa N, Haouala H, Nsiri B. Association of FV G1691A Polymorphism but not A4070G With Coronary Artery Disease. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2017; 24:330-337. [PMID: 29179580 PMCID: PMC6714679 DOI: 10.1177/1076029617744320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the chief causes of death in the world. Several
hypotheses have been promoted as for the origin of the disease, among which are genetic
predispositions and/or environmental factors. The aim of this study was to determine the
effect of factor V (FV) gene polymorphisms (Leiden, G1691A [FVL] and HR2 A4070G) and to
analyze their association with traditional risk factors in assessing the risk of CAD. Our
study population included 200 Tunisian patients with symptomatic CAD and a control group
of 300 participants matched for age and sex. All participants were genotyped for the FVL
and HR2 polymorphisms. Multivariate logistic regression was applied to analyze independent
factors associated with the risk of CAD. Our analysis showed that the FVL A allele
frequency (P < 10–3, odds ratio [OR] = 2.81, 95% confidence
interval [CI] = 1.6-4.9) and GA genotype (P < 10–3, OR =
4.03, 95% CI = 2.1-7.6) are significantly more prevalent among patients with CAD compared
to those controls and may be predisposing to CAD. We further found that the FVL mutation
is an independent risk factor whose effect is not modified by other factors (smoking,
diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and a family history of CAD) in increasing the risk
of the disease. However, analysis of FV HR2 variation does not show any statistically
significant association with CAD. The FVL polymorphism may be an independent risk factor
for CAD. However, further investigations on these polymorphisms and their possible
synergisms with traditional risk factors for CAD could help to ascertain better
predictability for CAD susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Amara
- 1 Hôpital Militaire de Tunis, Service d'Hématologie, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, Montfleury, Tunisie.,2 Université Tunis el Manar, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Meriem Mrad
- 1 Hôpital Militaire de Tunis, Service d'Hématologie, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, Montfleury, Tunisie.,2 Université Tunis el Manar, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Aicha Sayeh
- 1 Hôpital Militaire de Tunis, Service d'Hématologie, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, Montfleury, Tunisie.,2 Université Tunis el Manar, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Abdeddayem Haggui
- 3 Hôpital Militaire de Tunis, Service de Cardiologie, Montfleury, Tunisie.,4 Université de Tunis El Manar, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Dhaker Lahideb
- 3 Hôpital Militaire de Tunis, Service de Cardiologie, Montfleury, Tunisie.,4 Université de Tunis El Manar, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Najiba Fekih-Mrissa
- 1 Hôpital Militaire de Tunis, Service d'Hématologie, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, Montfleury, Tunisie.,5 Académie Militaire Fondouk Jédid, Nabeul, Tunisie
| | - Habib Haouala
- 3 Hôpital Militaire de Tunis, Service de Cardiologie, Montfleury, Tunisie.,4 Université de Tunis El Manar, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Brahim Nsiri
- 1 Hôpital Militaire de Tunis, Service d'Hématologie, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, Montfleury, Tunisie.,6 Université de Monastir, Faculté de Pharmacie, Monastir, Tunisie
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Masud R, Baqai HZ. The communal relation ofMTHFR,MTR,ACEgene polymorphisms and hyperhomocysteinemia as conceivable risk of coronary artery disease. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2017; 42:1009-1014. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2017-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Homocysteine and its modulating genes have strongly emerged as novel biomarkers for coronary artery disease (CAD). In the present study, we investigated whether polymorphisms in homocysteine pathway genes and the plasma levels of homocysteine, folate, and vitamin B12, independently or in combination, are associated with CAD risk. A total of 504 participants were recruited (cases, n = 254; controls, n = 250, respectively). Tetra primer allele refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for resolving the genotypes of 5′10′ methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase ‘MTHFR’ polymorphisms (rs1801133, rs1801131), 5′ methyl tetrahydrofolate homocysteine methyltransferase ‘MTR’ polymorphism (rs1805087), paroxanse1 ‘PON1’ polymorphism (rs662), and cystathionine beta synthase ‘CBS’ polymorphism (rs5742905). Conventional PCR amplification was carried out for resolving angiotensin converting enzyme ‘ACE’ insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism (rs4646994). ANOVA analysis, adjusted for the covariates, revealed that rs1801133, rs1805087 polymorphisms and homocysteine levels were associated with CAD. Logistic regression analysis (adjusted) revealed similar findings. Logistic regression analysis after applying factorial design to the studied single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) revealed that homocysteine levels and heterozygous and mutant alleles at rs1801133, rs1805087, along with mutant alleles at rs1801131, rs4646994, conferred higher risk for CAD. Our results provide insight into the multifactorial nature of coronary artery disease. We highlight that SNPs in folate pathway genes and homocysteine have role in disease causation and can be used in disease prediction strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Masud
- Division of Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
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