1
|
Graves RL, Shofer FS, Kayser JB, Perrone J. First-Year Medical Students' Perceptions of Stigma Toward People With Opioid Use Disorder Before and After an Educational Intervention. SUBSTANCE USE & ADDICTION JOURNAL 2024; 45:486-492. [PMID: 38456439 DOI: 10.1177/29767342241236302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stigma among medical trainees toward people with opioid use disorder (OUD) compounds the problems associated with opioid addiction. People with OUD who experience overt and implicit stigma from healthcare providers are less likely to seek and receive treatment, further restricting their access to already limited resources. The objective of our study was to assess an educational strategy to mitigate stigma toward people with OUD among first-year medical students. METHODS This study assessed perceptions of stigma toward people with OUD among first-year medical students using an adaptation of a brief, validated opioid stigma scale before and after an educational intervention. The intervention consisted primarily of a recorded panel in which people with a history of OUD shared their experiences with stigma followed by small group discussions. RESULTS After the educational intervention, students were more likely to respond that (1) they believed most people held negative beliefs about people with OUD and (2) they personally disagreed with negative statements about people with OUD. CONCLUSIONS Educational interventions addressing stigma toward people with OUD are potentially effective and should be integrated into medical curricula. Such interventions are a crucial part of the effort to improve the medical care of people with OUD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Graves
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Frances S Shofer
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joshua B Kayser
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jeanmarie Perrone
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Medicine Center for Addiction Medicine and Policy, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Eckhardt A, Waller DE, Shull S, Lovejoy TI, Morasco BJ, Gordon AJ, Wyse JJ. "They Ask Questions, But They Don't Want the Answers"-Perceptions of Clinical Communication Among Veterans Discontinuing Buprenorphine for the Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder. SUBSTANCE USE & ADDICTION JOURNAL 2024:29767342241251761. [PMID: 38767274 DOI: 10.1177/29767342241251761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) discontinue treatment prematurely, increasing their risk of opioid-related overdose and death. While patient-centered care is considered the gold standard in treating chronic illness, it may be practiced less frequently in the context of OUD care. Patient-provider communication can influence patients' care experiences, potentially having an impact on treatment retention and care decision-making. METHODS This study was conducted at the VA Portland Health Care System from March 2021 to April 2022. We conducted qualitive interviews with patients who had discontinued buprenorphine for the treatment of OUD within the past year. Coding and analysis were guided by inductive qualitative content analysis. Retrospective medical record review identified clinical and demographic characteristics of participants. RESULTS Twenty patients completed an interview. Participant age ranged from 28 to 74 years (median 63 years). Ninety percent of participants were white and 90% male. Many participants expressed frustration and feelings of disempowerment in OUD care processes. Patients with a history of long-term prescribed opioid use frequently expressed stigmatizing views of OUD, and perceptions of disagreement with providers over diagnosis and care choices. Elderly patients and those with multiple comorbidities expressed confusion over significant aspects of their care, as well as difficulty navigating treatment logistics like appointment requirements and medication dose changes. Some patients reported later restarting buprenorphine in new settings, and described feeling respected and involved in care decisions as a facilitator for continuing treatment. CONCLUSIONS Prioritizing patient-centered communication in OUD treatment could improve the patient experience and potentially support treatment retention. Subgroups of OUD patients, such as those with a history of long-term prescribed opioid use, elderly patients with multiple comorbidities, or those who express stigmatizing medication views, could particularly benefit from tailored communication strategies that address their individual concerns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alison Eckhardt
- Center to Improve Veteran Involvement in Care, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Dylan E Waller
- Center to Improve Veteran Involvement in Care, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Sarah Shull
- Center to Improve Veteran Involvement in Care, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Travis I Lovejoy
- Center to Improve Veteran Involvement in Care, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University-Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Benjamin J Morasco
- Center to Improve Veteran Involvement in Care, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Adam J Gordon
- Informatics, Decision-Enhancement, and Analytic Sciences (IDEAS) Center, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Program for Addiction Research, Clinical Care, Knowledge and Advocacy, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jessica J Wyse
- Center to Improve Veteran Involvement in Care, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University-Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Callen EF, Clay T, Lutgen C, Robertson E, Staton EW, Filippi MK. Quantifying diagnosis and treatment practices of opioid use disorder in primary care practices using chart review data. J Addict Dis 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38605500 DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2024.2327728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Opioid misuse is a significant public health crisis. The aim sought to identify potential gaps in opioid care in primary care practices. METHODS American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP) offered a monthly online educational series to seven U.S. practices. Practices were asked to complete up to 50 chart reviews for visits during two periods: February-April, 2019, and February-April, 2022. Each chart had to have an ICD-10 diagnosis of opioid misuse, opioid dependence, or opioid use. Chart reviews consisted of 14 questions derived from an American Academy of Addiction Psychiatry (AAAP) Performance in Practice activity, and then, scored based on practices' responses. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic and multinomial regressions were used. RESULTS Both periods had 173 chart reviews (total: 346) from the six practices. Most chart reviews were for patients with a diagnosis of opioid dependence (2019: 90.2%; 2022: 83.2%). Three questions for assessing OUD treatment behaviors had high levels of documentation across both time periods (>85%): other drug use, treatment readiness, and treatment discussion. DISCUSSION Results show a gap in the treatment of patients with OUD in primary care across several clinical practice recommendations. CONCLUSIONS Expanding OUD treatment integration to primary care remains the most promising effort to combat the opioid crisis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth F Callen
- American Academy of Family Physicians National Research Network, Leawood, KS, USA
- DARTNet Institute, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Tarin Clay
- American Academy of Family Physicians National Research Network, Leawood, KS, USA
- DARTNet Institute, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Cory Lutgen
- American Academy of Family Physicians National Research Network, Leawood, KS, USA
- DARTNet Institute, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Elise Robertson
- American Academy of Family Physicians National Research Network, Leawood, KS, USA
- DARTNet Institute, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Elizabeth W Staton
- DARTNet Institute, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Melissa K Filippi
- American Academy of Family Physicians National Research Network, Leawood, KS, USA
- Robert Graham Center for Policy Studies in Family Medicine and Primary Care, Washington, DC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pasman E, O'Shay S, Hicks D, Resko SM, Agius E, Brown S. Stigma Communication Surrounding Nonmedical Opioid Use Among Affected Family Members. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2024; 39:429-438. [PMID: 36654526 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2023.2167588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of research demonstrates the role of language in stigma toward nonmedical opioid use (NMOU). Terms like "substance abuser" perpetuate stereotypes and evoke punitive judgments. This study examines how affected family members (AFMs) communicate stigma when discussing their loved one's NMOU. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 34 adults with a close family member with a history of NMOU. An iterative approach was used to analyze instances when stigmatizing terms or messages were used. AFMs described people engaged in NMOU as underweight, "dirty," or "nodding off," and often labeled these individuals "addicts" or opioid "abusers." Responsibility for the NMOU was attributed to both internal (e.g. choice) and external (e.g. brain disease) factors. People engaged in NMOU were linked to physical danger, resource threats, and threats to the family members' reputation and relationships. While most stigma messages related to the person engaged in NMOU, stigmatizing messages directed toward AFMs also emerged; family members labeled "enablers" were judged, blamed, and described as a threat to the person engaged in NMOU. Although AFMs expressed care and desire to support their loved ones, they often conveyed stigma in their language choices. This language among AFMs may reflect internalized stigma. Increased efforts are needed to help AFMs cope with the challenges of a loved one's NMOU and identify effective ways to support their loved one. One way AFMs can support their loved one is by using more inclusive, person-first language.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sydney O'Shay
- Department of Communication Studies & Philosophy, Utah State University
| | | | - Stella M Resko
- School of Social Work, Wayne State University
- Merrill Palmer Skillman Institute, Wayne State University
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Collier J, Coker E, Triboletti M, Hooker J, Ifeachor AP, Houck KK. Assessment of an education tool to improve knowledge and reduce stigma of a syringe service program (SSP) at a VA Medical Center. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003) 2024; 64:551-556. [PMID: 37940095 DOI: 10.1016/j.japh.2023.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug overdose deaths are a growing epidemic in the United States owing in part to inadequate support from health care systems. In response, the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) plans to implement syringe service programs (SSPs) across VHA medical centers. This SSP education project aims to positively affect health care staff perceptions regarding SSPs and reduce the stigma surrounding substance use. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this research was to allow Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience (APPE) students to implement and assess an educational program regarding SSP enactment at this institution. Furthermore, the objectives of the educational program were to address the stigma associated with substance use and provide knowledge to staff about SSPs. PRACTICE DESCRIPTION Eleven complete and one abbreviated (no questionnaire) presentations were delivered by APPE students throughout the main facility and outpatient clinics, with presentations being delivered to physicians, nurses, and a range of other professions. PRACTICE INNOVATION APPE students developed educational content and pre- and postsurveys that were used to assess for changes in knowledge and perception surrounding substance use and SSPs. EVALUATION METHODS The primary outcome was to assess individual pre- and postprogram survey responses using mean, SD, and mean change to measure the impact that the presentation had on individualized stigma. RESULTS A total of 104 completed surveys were analyzed in Microsoft Excel and subcategorized by profession; 10 of the 15 questions asked in the questionnaire yielded statistical significance when comparing pre- and postpresentation results (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS A presentation method developed and delivered by APPE students resulted in a statistically significant change in perception and knowledge, proving to be an effective method for educating health care staff on SSPs.
Collapse
|
6
|
Austin EJ, O'Brien QE, Ruiz MS, Ratzliff AD, Williams EC, Koch U. Patient and Provider Perspectives on Processes of Engagement in Outpatient Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder: A Scoping Review. Community Ment Health J 2024; 60:330-339. [PMID: 37668745 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-023-01175-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Effective treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD) is available, but patient engagement is central to achieving care outcomes. We conducted a scoping review to describe patient and provider-reported strategies that may contribute to patient engagement in outpatient OUD care delivery. We searched PubMed and Scopus for articles reporting patient and/or provider experiences with outpatient OUD care delivery. Analysis included: (1) describing specific engagement strategies, (2) mapping strategies to patient-centered care domains, and (3) identifying themes that characterize the relationship between engagement and patient-centered care. Of 3,222 articles screened, 30 articles met inclusion criteria. Analysis identified 14 actionable strategies that facilitate patient engagement and map to all patient-centered care domains. Seven themes emerged that characterize interpersonal approaches to OUD care engagement. Interpersonal interactions between patients and providers play a pivotal role in encouraging engagement throughout OUD treatment. Future research is needed to further evaluate promising engagement strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Austin
- Department of Health Systems and Population Health, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Box 351621, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA.
- Department of Clinical Research and Leadership, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, D.C, USA.
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, D.C, USA.
| | - Quentin E O'Brien
- Department of Clinical Research and Leadership, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, D.C, USA
| | - Monica S Ruiz
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, D.C, USA
| | - Anna D Ratzliff
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Advancing Integrated Mental Health Solutions (AIMS) Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Emily C Williams
- Department of Health Systems and Population Health, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Box 351621, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
- Center of Innovation for Veteran-Centered and Value-Driven Care, Health Services Research & Development, VA Puget Sound, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ulrich Koch
- Department of Clinical Research and Leadership, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, D.C, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Patel K, Pokorski E, Norkoli D, Dunkel E, Wang X, Yang LH. Persistence of stigma and the cessation of substance use: comparing stigma domains between those who currently use and those who no longer use substances. Front Psychiatry 2024; 14:1308616. [PMID: 38260794 PMCID: PMC10800797 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1308616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cessation of substance use, a facet of recovery, as well as mitigating stigma experienced by individuals with substance use disorder (SUD), are important to supporting health and well-being of those who use substances. But there is limited and mixed evidence on whether cessation of substance use has a positive impact on individuals' stigma experiences. This study examined whether there were differences in stigma perceptions between those who self-report using substances and those who self-report not currently using substances associated with their SUD. Materials and methods A survey was conducted among individuals in 10 counties of Michigan with self-identified history with SUD. The survey aimed to understand five dimensions of stigma perceptions: enacted stigma, anticipated stigma, internalized stigma, social withdrawal, and treatment stigma. Survey items for each measure were adapted from prior literature. The mean was calculated for each stigma measure for analyses. Data analyses tested whether there were significant differences in each of the five stigma domains between the two groups using either regression or t-test, depending on the necessity to include covariates. Results Findings suggested that among the five stigma domains, only internalized stigma showed statistically significant differences between the two groups (b = 0.19, se = 0.08, p < 0.05) after adjusting for covariates (as needed). Those who were no longer using substances had lower internalized stigma compared to those who were currently using substances associated with their SUD. Analyses suggested that the other four stigma domains, enacted stigma, anticipated stigma, social withdrawal, and treatment stigma, did not show statistically significant differences between the two groups. Discussion While self-stigmatization (i.e., internalized stigma) was lower among those who report no longer using, our patterns suggest a persistence of stigma regardless of cessation of substances associated with SUD, particularly among stigma domains that are based on perceptions of how others may still perceive individuals who have used substances. Though more research is needed, results suggest that public health programmatic, policy, and campaign efforts that aim to eliminate stigma should account for and tailor to both people who report using and those who report no longer using substances to capture the breadth of needs in communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Patel
- National Association of County and City Health Officials, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Emily Pokorski
- District Health Department #10, Cadillac, MI, United States
| | - Donna Norkoli
- District Health Department #10, Cadillac, MI, United States
| | - Emily Dunkel
- School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Xinyue Wang
- Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Lawrence H. Yang
- School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, United States
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yearwood K, Wood E, Schoem L, Swengros D, Desilvis-Sapsford D, Jenkins K, Brown A, Stanger D, Schwindt L, Golino A, Lyons S, Gollenberg AL. Testing Interventions to Address Bias About Patients with Opioid Use Disorder in the Emergency Department. J Emerg Nurs 2024; 50:135-144. [PMID: 37943211 DOI: 10.1016/j.jen.2023.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Reducing nurse bias about patients with opioid use disorder in the emergency department is critical for providing nonjudgmental care, enhancing patient outcomes, supporting effective communication, and promoting a holistic approach to care. Emergency nurses can make a positive impact on the lives of individuals diagnosed as having opioid use disorder by providing care that is free from stigma and discrimination. METHODS The study used an observational, pretest-posttest design to compare educational sessions addressing bias and stigma toward patients with opioid use disorder. The study population consisted of emergency nurses who self-selected into a virtual learning experience consisting of e-modules or simulation-based experience consisting of simulation-based experience consisting of simulation, discussion, and a speaker. RESULTS After the intervention, the simulation-based experience group showed an increase in total score postintervention from a mean of 118.6 to a mean of 127.1 (P < .001). The virtual learning experience group also showed an increase in total score postintervention from a mean of 116.3 to 120.7 (P < .001). Although both groups showed an increase in scores over time, the simulation-based experience group had a greater increase (P = .0037). Within the simulation-based experience, there was an increase in scores across all age groups (P < .05) but a significantly greater increase in scores among younger nurses (18-29 years) than the older age groups (P = .006). DISCUSSION Opioid use disorder is a complex condition that requires a comprehensive and holistic approach to care. Study results indicate that providing an educational experience to address stigma about patients diagnosed as having opioid use disorder can significantly affect nurse perceptions about these patients and their self-efficacy when working with them. However, investing in a simulation-based educational experience provides a stronger experience and results in greater change, particularly for younger, less experienced emergency nurses.
Collapse
|
9
|
Ginther J, McNally G. CE: Reducing Bias Against People with Substance Use Disorders. Am J Nurs 2024; 124:28-37. [PMID: 38055841 DOI: 10.1097/01.naj.0000998224.71157.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Addiction is a highly misunderstood and stigmatized chronic illness frequently encountered by health care providers during routine medical care. People with substance use disorders, in particular, face extraordinary stigma and bias when interacting with health care providers, including nurses. Stigma associated with addiction contributes to health inequities and is recognized as a significant barrier to people seeking and receiving necessary health care. Since patients often spend the most time with nurses in the clinical setting, nurses are ideally positioned to address addiction stigma. However, many nurses lack knowledge about addiction, stigma, and the impact of the words they use, whether in conversation or in clinical documentation. This article reviews the consequences of addiction stigma (labeling, stereotyping, or discrimination) and the steps nurses can take to reduce biases related to substance use. A case scenario based on our experience will be used to guide a discussion of opportunities for nurses to intervene and improve care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jane Ginther
- Jane Ginther is an NP on the trauma team in the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus. Gretchen McNally is an NP at the Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH. The authors acknowledge Carlton Brown, PhD, RN, AOCN, nurse research consultant at Zenith Health Care Solutions, for editorial assistance. Contact author: Jane Ginther, . The authors and planners have disclosed no potential conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pavone K, Gorgol H, Rust V, Bronski M, Labelle C, Compton P. Exploring the postoperative pain experiences of individuals with opioid use disorder and the nurses providing care in the USA: A qualitative descriptive study protocol. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e072187. [PMID: 37848308 PMCID: PMC10583043 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-072187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The goal of this study is to gain firsthand insights from individuals with a history of opioid use disorder (OUD) using medication for OUD on their experiences with postoperative pain care. This study also seeks to describe the experiences of nurses caring for individuals with OUD, and the challenges they may face managing complaints of pain in this population. Research suggests that hospitals can significantly enhance the quality of the care they deliver by investigating an individual's experience in the care setting. These insights will allow for the development of strategies for nurses to deepen their understanding of and, therefore, advocate and improve care for, this vulnerable and often stigmatised population. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A qualitative descriptive study will be conducted consisting of a prescreening and demographics questionnaire, and individual semistructured interviews with approximately 10-15 individuals with OUD having recently undergone surgery and 10-15 nurses providing care for this population for a total of 20-30 interviews. This approach involves the collection of separate but complementary data (ie, perceptions of individuals with OUD and nurses) concerning the phenomena of postoperative pain management. Sampling will continue until data saturation is reached. Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis will then be used. Reporting will adhere to the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research checklist. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study received approval from the Institutional Review Board at Northeastern University. Alongside peer-reviewed journal publications, the findings will be presented at relevant conferences, and a plain language summary will be distributed to the study participants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kara Pavone
- College of Nursing, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Hilary Gorgol
- Bouve College of Health Sciences, School of Nursing, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Victoria Rust
- Grayken Center for Addiction Training and Technical Assistance, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mary Bronski
- Bouve College of Health Sciences, School of Nursing, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Colleen Labelle
- Grayken Center for Addiction Training and Technical Assistance, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peggy Compton
- College of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Culp-Roche A, Vaughn J, Arms T, Roberto A, Hubbell S, Link T. Medications for opioid use disorder: An interactive educational program developed for the nurse practitioner curriculum. J Am Assoc Nurse Pract 2023; 35:638-641. [PMID: 37260253 DOI: 10.1097/jxx.0000000000000897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Opioid overdose deaths remain a major public health concern in the United States and led to the recent changes in regulations that allow nurse practitioners (NPs) to prescribe buprenorphine without the previously required Drug Addiction Treatment Act waiver. Previously, waiver requirements included 24 hours of opioid use disorder (OUD) and medications for OUD (MOUD) training. Although this training is no longer required, NPs need education related to providing nonstigmatizing care to individuals with OUD and safe MOUD prescribing practices. A combination of online didactic modules, in-person simulation activities, and experiential learning was provided to psychiatric mental health NP (PMHNP) and family NP (FNP) students enrolled in a Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) program. OUD was presented through a chronic care lens to normalize treatment and decrease stigma, and harm reduction principles were included to increase safe prescribing of MOUD. Fifty-six students completed the didactic training, 51 students participated in the simulation, and 11 students completed shadowing experiences with an experienced MOUD provider. Psychiatric mental health NP and FNP graduates of this DNP program have the knowledge and skills to provide MOUD to individuals struggling with OUD, thus potentially increasing access to care and decreasing overdose deaths.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Culp-Roche
- University of North Carolina Wilmington School of Nursing, Wilmington, North Carolina
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Qin E, Seeds A, Wallingford A, Copley M, Humbert A, Junn C, Starosta A. Transmission of Bias in the Medical Record Among Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Trainees. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2023; 102:e106-e111. [PMID: 36757856 DOI: 10.1097/phm.0000000000002186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Stigmatizing language can negatively influence providers' attitudes and care toward patients, but this has not been studied among physiatrists. An online survey was created to assess whether stigmatizing language can impact physical medicine and rehabilitation trainees' attitudes toward patients. We hypothesized stigmatizing language would negatively impact trainees' attitudes. Participants were randomized to a stigmatizing or neutral language vignette describing the same hypothetical spinal cord injury patient. Questions were asked about attitudes and assumptions toward the patient, pain management based on the vignette, and general views regarding individuals with disabilities. Between August 2021 and January 2022, 75 US physical medicine and rehabilitation residency trainees participated. Thirty-seven (49.3%) identified as women; 52 (69.3%) were White, and half (50.6%) received the stigmatized vignette. Participants exposed to stigmatizing language scored 4.8 points lower ( P < 0.01) on the provider attitude toward patient scale compared with those exposed to neutral language. There were no significant differences in the disability attitude scores between the two groups ( P = 0.81). These findings may indicate that stigmatizing language in the medical record may negatively affect physical medicine and rehabilitation trainees' attitudes toward patients. Further exploration is needed to identify the best way to educate trainees and reduce the propagation of bias in the medical record.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Qin
- From the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Holland WC, Li F, Nath B, Jeffery MM, Stevens M, Melnick ER, Dziura JD, Khidir H, Skains RM, D’Onofrio G, Soares WE. Racial and ethnic disparities in emergency department-initiated buprenorphine across five health care systems. Acad Emerg Med 2023; 30:709-720. [PMID: 36660800 PMCID: PMC10467357 DOI: 10.1111/acem.14668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Opioid overdose deaths have disproportionately impacted Black and Hispanic populations, in part due to disparities in treatment access. Emergency departments (EDs) serve as a resource for patients with opioid use disorder (OUD), many of whom have difficulty accessing outpatient addiction programs. However, inequities in ED treatment for OUD remain poorly understood. METHODS This secondary analysis examined racial and ethnic differences in buprenorphine access using data from EMBED, a study of 21 EDs across five health care systems evaluating a clinical decision support system for initiating ED buprenorphine. The primary outcome was receipt of buprenorphine, ED administered or prescribed. Hospital type (academic vs. community) was evaluated as an effect modifier. Hierarchical models with cluster effects for site and clinician were used to assess buprenorphine receipt by race and ethnicity. RESULTS Black patients were less likely to receive buprenorphine (6.4% [51/801] vs. White patients 8.5% [268/3154], odds ratio [OR] 0.59, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.45-0.78). This association persisted after adjusting for age, insurance, gender, clinician X-waiver, hospital type, and urbanicity (adjusted OR [aOR] 0.64, 95% CI 0.48-0.84) but not when discharge diagnosis was included (aOR 0.75, 95% CI 0.56-1.02). Hispanic patients were more likely to receive buprenorphine (14.8% [122/822] vs. non-Hispanic patients, 11.6% [475/4098]) in unadjusted (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.09-1.83) and adjusted models (aOR 1.41, 95% CI 1.08-1.83) but not including discharge diagnosis (aOR 1.32, 95% CI 0.99-1.77). Odds of buprenorphine were similar in academic and community EDs by race (interaction p = 0.97) and ethnicity (interaction p = 0.64). CONCLUSIONS Black patients with OUD were less likely to receive buprenorphine whereas Hispanic patients were more likely to receive buprenorphine in academic and community EDs. Differences were attenuated with discharge diagnosis, as fewer Black and non-Hispanic patients were diagnosed with opioid withdrawal. Barriers to medication treatment are heterogenous among patients with OUD; research must continue to address the multiple drivers of health inequities at the patient, clinician, and community level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fangyong Li
- Yale Center for Analytical Sciences, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Bidisha Nath
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Molly M. Jeffery
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Department of Health Care Policy Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Maria Stevens
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Department of Health Care Policy Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Health Policy and Management, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Edward R. Melnick
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - James D. Dziura
- Yale Center for Analytical Sciences, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Hazar Khidir
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- National Clinician Scholars Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Rachel M. Skains
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Gail D’Onofrio
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - William E. Soares
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School–Baystate, Springfield, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Healthcare Delivery and Population Science, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School–Baystate, Springfield, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Judd H, Yaugher AC, O'Shay S, Meier CL. Understanding stigma through the lived experiences of people with opioid use disorder. Drug Alcohol Depend 2023; 249:110873. [PMID: 37390780 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.110873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stigma toward substance use disorders reduces treatment seeking and recovery efforts of persons who could most benefit from services. This is particularly true for opioid use disorder (OUD) stigma, which in recent years has likely fueled the overdose epidemic. Understanding the stigma surrounding OUD and stigma reduction efforts that can be implemented are needed to enhance treatment and recovery efforts. This project explores the lived experiences of persons who were in recovery from OUD or a family member of someone with OUD with a focus on stigma. METHODS We utilized a qualitative method to examine secondary data of published transcripts where people's (N = 30) experiences with stigma emerged through storytelling. RESULTS Thematic analysis found three overarching types of stigma that were described by participants, 1) Social stigma: misconceptions contributing to social stigma, labeling and associative stereotypes, persistence of stigma throughout recovery; 2) Self-stigma: internalized feelings due to stigma, concealing and continuing substance use, inadequacies of navigating recovery; and 3) Structural stigma: treatment and recovery resource barriers, challenges of reintegration. CONCLUSIONS The experiences described by participants highlight the multifaceted impact of stigma on the individual as well as society and add to our understanding of the lived experience of stigma. Future recommendations are discussed to improve the experience of individuals with lived experience of OUD; including implementing evidence-based strategies to reduce stigma such as using stigma-free or person first language, dispelling common myths, and supporting comprehensive recovery pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hailey Judd
- Utah State University, 4900 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT84321, United States
| | - Ashley C Yaugher
- Utah State University, 4900 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT84321, United States.
| | - Sydney O'Shay
- Utah State University, 4900 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT84321, United States
| | - Cristian L Meier
- Utah State University, 4900 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT84321, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Goodhew M, River J, Samuel Y, Gough C, Street K, Gilford C, Cutler N, Orr F. Learning that cannot come from a book: An evaluation of an undergraduate alcohol and other drugs subject co-produced with experts by experience. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2023; 32:446-457. [PMID: 36478635 DOI: 10.1111/inm.13098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol and other drugs (AOD) use is a significant public health issue and is associated with high mortality and morbidity rates. Despite this, people who use drugs are often reluctant to seek care due to the lack of trauma-informed treatment and harm reduction treatment options, as well as experiences of stigma and discrimination in health services. Arguably, AOD education that is co-produced with people who use alcohol and drugs can enhance future health professionals' ability to practice in ways that support the needs of this population. This paper reports on a qualitative co-evaluation of a co-produced undergraduate nursing AOD subject. The AOD subject was co-planned, co-designed, co-delivered, and co-evaluated with experts by experience, who have a lived experience of substance dependence and work as advocates and peer workers. Following the delivery of the subject in 2021 and 2022, focus groups were undertaken with 12 nursing students. Focus group data indicate that the co-produced subject supported participants to understand and appreciate how stigma impacts on nursing care and how to recognize and undertake 'good' nursing care that was oriented to the needs of service users. Student participants noted that being co-taught by people who use drugs was particularly powerful for shifting their nursing perspectives on AOD use and nursing care and took learning beyond what could be understood from a book. Findings indicate that co-produced AOD education can shift nursing students' perceptions of AOD use by providing access to tacit knowledge and embodied equitable and collaborative relationships with people who use drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Goodhew
- The University of Technology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jo River
- The University of Technology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yvonne Samuel
- Uniting Medically Supervised Injecting Centre, Potts Point, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Chris Gough
- Canberra Alliance for Harm Minimisation & Advocacy, Belconnen, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Kevin Street
- Uniting Medically Supervised Injecting Centre, Potts Point, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Candice Gilford
- Uniting Medically Supervised Injecting Centre, Potts Point, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Natalie Cutler
- The University of Technology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Fiona Orr
- The University of Technology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Walters SM, Liu W, Lamuda P, Huh J, Brewer R, Johnson O, Bluthenthal RN, Taylor B, Schneider JA. A National Portrait of Public Attitudes toward Opioid Use in the US: A Latent Class Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4455. [PMID: 36901465 PMCID: PMC10001548 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Opioid overdose rates have steadily been increasing in the United States (US) creating what is considered an overdose death crisis. The US has a mixture of public health and punitive policies aimed to address opioid use and the overdose crisis, yet little is known about public opinion relating to opioid use and policy support. Understanding the intersection of public opinion about opioid use disorder (OUD) and policy can be useful for developing interventions to address policy responses to overdose deaths. METHODS A national sample of cross-sectional data from the AmeriSpeak survey conducted from 27 February 2020 through 2 March 2020 was analyzed. Measures included attitudes toward OUD and policy beliefs. Latent class analysis, a person-centered approach, was used to identify groups of individuals endorsing similar stigma and policy beliefs. We then examined the relationship between the identified groups (i.e., classes) and key behavioral and demographic factors. RESULTS We identified three distinct groups: (1) "High Stigma/High Punitive Policy", (2) "High Stigma/Mixed Public Health and Punitive Policy", and (3) "Low Stigma/High Public Health Policy". People with higher levels of education had reduced odds of being in the "High Stigma/High Punitive Policy" group. CONCLUSION Public health policies are most effective in addressing OUD. We suggest targeting interventions toward the "High Stigma/Mixed Public Health and Punitive Policy" group since this group already displays some support for public health policies. Broader interventions, such as eliminating stigmatizing messaging in the media and redacting punitive policies, could reduce OUD stigma among all groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzan M. Walters
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
- Center for Drug Use and HIV/HCV Research, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Public Health Department, NORC at the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60603, USA
| | - Phoebe Lamuda
- Public Health Department, NORC at the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60603, USA
| | - Jimi Huh
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Russell Brewer
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - O’Dell Johnson
- Southern Public Health and Criminal Justice Research Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Ricky N. Bluthenthal
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Bruce Taylor
- Public Health Department, NORC at the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60603, USA
| | - John A. Schneider
- Public Health Department, NORC at the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60603, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Taylor MA, Glowacki EM. Art Advocacy: Applying a Public Memory Rhetorical Framework to Health Crisis Communication. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2023; 38:622-626. [PMID: 35502584 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2022.2071391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Health campaigns and public health messaging strategies often rely on text-based efforts to communicate with audiences. As research grows in the areas of health and visual media, this essay puts a rhetorical framework of public memory in conversation with health campaign communication to show possibilities for audiences who are less likely to be moved by traditional institutional health narratives. The artifact for analysis is an art installation by Domenic Esposito, who in 2018 designed and placed a large scale "Opioid Spoon" at the headquarters of Purdue Pharma in Stamford, Connecticut. After situating public art as an effective way to advance health crisis messaging, we then preview the next phase of this research project that analyzes COVID-19 art as a counterpublic health narrative. We conclude by suggesting future health communication scholarship engage with the intersections of public health art, memory, and advocacy in order to reflect more accurately how communities experience health inequity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Anne Taylor
- Department of Communication Studies, School of Communication, Emerson College
| | - Elizabeth M Glowacki
- Department of Health Sciences, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Department of Communication Studies, College of Arts, Media and Design, Institute for Health Equity and Social Justice Research, Northeastern University
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sedney CL, Dekeseredy P, Singh SA, Holbein M. Stigmatizing Language Expressed Towards Individuals With Current or Previous OUD Who Have Pain and Cancer: A Qualitative Study. J Pain Symptom Manage 2023; 65:553-561. [PMID: 36804424 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2023.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Stigma is known to impact the care of patients with opioid use disorder (OUD). OBJECTIVES This qualitative study seeks to understand how stigma is expressed in the medical chart by healthcare workers towards patients with cancer pain and OUD treated at an academic medical center. METHODS This descriptive qualitative study utilized a thematic analysis approach to analyze the medical charts of 25 hospitalized patients with current or previous opioid use disorder and cancer with respect to their pain care in forty pain-related hospital admissions to a tertiary academic center from 2015 to 2020. The codebook utilized a well-characterized stigma framework and emerging themes were identified through an iterative, comparative method. COREQ guidelines were followed. RESULTS Evidence of stigma marking was present in the medical chart aligning with several intersecting stigmas. Drivers such as blame and stereotypes impeded pain care, while facilitators such as legal or policy influences and non-care advocates could be either positive or negative determinants to pain care. Care by known providers within the healthcare environment was largely a facilitator of improved pain care. CONCLUSIONS Healthcare provider stigma must be addressed as its effects are both quantitatively and qualitatively affecting patient care; in particular access to pain treatment. Continuity of care by known care providers may improve pain care for patients with cancer and OUD who are acutely hospitalized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cara L Sedney
- Department of Neurosurgery (C.L.S., P.D.), Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA.
| | - Patricia Dekeseredy
- Department of Neurosurgery (C.L.S., P.D.), Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Sarah A Singh
- Department of Radiation Oncology (S.A.S.), West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Monika Holbein
- Department of Medicine (M.H.), Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Barenie RE, Cernasev A, Heidel RE, Stewart S, Hohmeier K. Faculty, staff, and student perceptions of substance use disorder stigma in health profession training programs: a quantitative study. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy 2023; 18:2. [PMID: 36609268 PMCID: PMC9821344 DOI: 10.1186/s13011-022-00509-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research indicates that stigma impacts the care provided to individuals with Substance Use Disorders (SUDs), but perceptions of SUDs in various healthcare training programs are not well known. We aimed to characterize perceptions of faculty, staff, and students about SUD stigma in professional healthcare training programs. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional survey of faculty, staff, and students employed at or enrolled in one of six health-related colleges at one Mid-South health science center in the United States, including medicine, pharmacy, dentistry, nursing, health professions, and graduate health sciences. Data collection occurred between February and March 2021. We used descriptive and frequency statistics to assess the constructs within the survey instrument. RESULTS A total of 572 respondents participated in this study (response rate = 9%; students, n = 428, 75%; faculty, n = 107, 19%; staff, n = 32, 6%). Most respondents reported interacting with persons with a SUD, cited challenges with the interaction, and perceived SUDs to be mental health condition (n = 463) or biological disease (n = 326). Most respondents believed that their college: emphasizes learning about SUDs; promotes an accurate perception of SUDs; and fosters respect for persons with. Few respondents reported they hear faculty, staff, or students express negative comments about persons with SUDs, but they were sometimes expressed by students. CONCLUSIONS Most faculty, staff, and students reported experiencing challenges when interacting with a person with a SUD, mainly communication, but few recalled hearing negative comments from their peers. Whether interventions tailored towards improving communication in academic healthcare training settings could minimize challenges experience by faculty, staff, and students when serving individuals with SUDs should be further evaluated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Barenie
- College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Alina Cernasev
- College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
| | - R Eric Heidel
- Department of Surgery, Office of Medical Education, Research, and Development, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | | | - Kenneth Hohmeier
- College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Satterfield JM, Werder K, Reynolds S, Kryzhanovskaya I, Curtis AC. Transforming an educational ecosystem for substance use disorders: A multi-modal model for continuous curricular improvement and institutional change. Subst Abus 2022; 43:1953-1962. [PMID: 36053217 DOI: 10.1080/08897077.2022.2116742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Health professions curricula are created to prepare learners to effectively address health issues affecting individ uals and their communities. Ideally, curricula emphasize the predominant biopsychosocial influences impacting the health of diverse populations. However, despite decades of investment and advances in educational research and design, we have failed to create a health professional workforce capable of equitably meeting the health care needs of the public. Particular communities, geographic regions, and patients with stigmatized diagnoses continue to be underserved, and the potential contributions of multidisciplinary health professionals and advanced practice providers continue to be unrealized within a predominantly physician-centric health care model. Genuine educational transformation requires multidimensional, iterative strategies used to meaningfully evolve traditional classroom curricula, break from the implicit and "hidden" curricula, and enrich the educational ecosystem in which all operate. This manuscript elaborates the construct and process of "educational ecosystem transformation" as a tool for the evolution of the educational ecosystem and its situated curriculum that will eventually drive the enrichment of the healthcare workforce. Drawing from traditional models of curriculum development, recent work on transforming the hidden curriculum, the clinical learning environment, and change management strategies, this new approach uses a health equity and structural competence lens to interrogate and deconstruct a learning system in order to identify opportunities to change, strengthen, and deepen a learner's experience around a specific topic. This process requires an in-depth, multidimensional assessment followed by the identification of key change targets and a stepwise, iterative plan for improvement and transformation. The topic area of substance use disorders (SUD) is used to illustrate how this complex process might be employed to improve the quality of care, realize and amplify the contributions of the entire healthcare team, stimulate interest in addiction medicine as a career, and reduce the stigma and disparities patients with SUDs often experience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Satterfield
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Karen Werder
- Department of Nursing, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie Reynolds
- San Francisco Department of Public Health, Behavioral Health Services, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Irina Kryzhanovskaya
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alexa Colgrove Curtis
- School of Nursing and Health Professions, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Curtis AC. Practicing gratitude to combat despair: Discovered joy in addictions nursing. J Am Assoc Nurse Pract 2022; 34:786-788. [PMID: 35661094 DOI: 10.1097/jxx.0000000000000737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The convergence of the opioid epidemic and COVID-19 pandemic created an urgent need in our communities to combat a rising tide of "deaths of despair." Responding to the call to care for persons with a substance use disorder is a service to both community and to self. Working in addictions provides the nurse practitioner renewed opportunity to experience life and career affirming humility, resilience, and gratitude through the joys of recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Colgrove Curtis
- School of Nursing and Health Professions, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| |
Collapse
|