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Song S, Jin J, Li M, Kong D, Cao M, Wang X, Li Y, Chen X, Zhang X, Pang X, Bo W, Hao Q. The Key Metabolic Network and Genes Regulating the Fresh Fruit Texture of Jujube ( Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) Revealed via Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analysis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12112087. [PMID: 37299066 DOI: 10.3390/plants12112087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The texture of fresh jujube fruit is related to its popularity and commercial value. The metabolic networks and essential genes that regulate the texture of jujube (Ziziphus jujuba) fruit are still unknown. In this study, two jujube cultivars with significantly different textures were selected by a texture analyzer. The four developmental stages of the exocarp and mesocarp of jujube fruit were studied separately using metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses. Differentially accumulated metabolites were enriched in several critical pathways related to cell wall substance synthesis and metabolism. Transcriptome analysis confirmed this by finding enriched differential expression genes in these pathways. Combined analysis showed that 'Galactose metabolism' was the most overlapping pathway in two omics. Genes such as β-Gal, MYB and DOF may affect fruit texture by regulating cell wall substances. Overall, this study provides an essential reference for the establishment of texture-related metabolic and gene networks of jujube fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Song
- The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation of Crop Resistance in Arid Desert Regions (Preparation), Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China
| | - Juan Jin
- The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation of Crop Resistance in Arid Desert Regions (Preparation), Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China
| | - Meiyu Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Eco-Economic Woody Plant, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan 467000, China
| | - Decang Kong
- National Foundation for Improved Cultivar of Chinese Jujube, Cangzhou 061000, China
| | - Ming Cao
- National Foundation for Improved Cultivar of Chinese Jujube, Cangzhou 061000, China
| | - Xue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yingyue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xuexun Chen
- Bureau of Forestry of Aohan, Chifeng 028000, China
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- Bureau of Forestry of Aohan, Chifeng 028000, China
| | - Xiaoming Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wenhao Bo
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qing Hao
- The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation of Crop Resistance in Arid Desert Regions (Preparation), Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China
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Dong W, Shi L, Li S, Xu F, Yang Z, Cao S. Hydrogen-rich water delays fruit softening and prolongs shelf life of postharvest okras. Food Chem 2023; 399:133997. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Michailidis M, Tanou G, Sarrou E, Karagiannis E, Ganopoulos I, Martens S, Molassiotis A. Pre- and Post-harvest Melatonin Application Boosted Phenolic Compounds Accumulation and Altered Respiratory Characters in Sweet Cherry Fruit. Front Nutr 2021; 8:695061. [PMID: 34179064 PMCID: PMC8219925 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.695061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of exogenous melatonin (0. 5 mM) application through pre-harvest foliar spray and postharvest immersion, alone or in combination, on ripening parameters of sweet cherry (cv. Ferrovia) fruit and their relationship with bioactive compounds and gene expression at harvest as well after cold storage (0°C) for 12 days and subsequent room temperature (20°C) exposure for 8 h. Although several ripening traits were not influenced by melatonin, the combining pre- and post-harvest treatments delayed fruit softening at post-cold period. Preharvest spray with melatonin depressed fruit respiration at time of harvest while all applied treatments induced respiratory activity following cold, indicating that this anti-ripening action of melatonin is reversed by cold. Several genes related to the tricarboxylic acid cycle, such as PaFUM, PaOGDH, PaIDH, and PaPDHA1 were upregulated in fruit exposed to melatonin, particularly following combined pre- and post-harvest application. The accumulation of phenolic compounds, such as neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, epicatechin, procyanidin B1, procyanidin B2+B4, cyanidin-3-O-galactoside, and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside along with the expression of several genes involved in phenols biosynthesis, such as PaSK, PaPAL, Pa4CL, PaC4H, and PaFNR were at higher levels in melatonin-treated cherries at harvest and after cold exposure, the highest effects being observed in fruits subjected to both pre- and post-harvest treatments. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of melatonin-responsive ripening framework at different melatonin application conditions and sweet cherry stages, thereby helps to understand the action of this molecule in fruit physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michail Michailidis
- Laboratory of Pomology, Department of Horticulture, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgia Tanou
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organisation (HAO-DEMETER), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eirini Sarrou
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organisation (HAO-DEMETER), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evangelos Karagiannis
- Laboratory of Pomology, Department of Horticulture, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Ganopoulos
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organisation (HAO-DEMETER), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stefan Martens
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Centro Ricerca e Innovazione, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Trento, Italy
| | - Athanassios Molassiotis
- Laboratory of Pomology, Department of Horticulture, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Xin Y, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Shi X, Chen F, Liu K. Effect of temperature fluctuation on colour change and softening of postharvest sweet cherry. RSC Adv 2021; 11:22969-22982. [PMID: 35480452 PMCID: PMC9034382 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra02610k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The inevitable temperature fluctuation during cold chain transport accelerates the colour change and softening of postharvest sweet cherry, leading to further deterioration of quality and decline of the marketable value of cherries. The influences of temperature fluctuation on the contents of total anthocyanin, phenolic, malondialdehyde, and sodium carbonate-soluble pectin (SSP), as well as the activities of polyphenoloxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) in sweet cherry, were assessed. In addition, the effects of temperature fluctuation on the activities of polygalacturonase (PG), pectin methyl esterase (PME), and beta-galactosidase (β-Gal) activities, and the paPG, paPME, and paPME genes expression were studied. The evolution of SSP nano-morphology was measured by atomic force microscopy. The results showed that the temperature fluctuation promoted anthocyanin synthesis, phenolic metabolism, and malondialdehyde accumulation, which immediately affected the brightness (6.2% lower than that of the cherry stored at 5 °C) of sweet cherry. Temperature fluctuation also led to a significant increase in POD and PPO activities during subsequent isothermal storage, accelerating the colour change (24.8% more than that of the cherry stored at 5 °C), which almost reached the level observed during constant 10 °C storage. In addition, temperature fluctuation not only affected the firmness (13.7% lower than that of the cherry stored at a constant temperature of 5 °C) of fruit immediately, but also, during subsequent isothermal storage, accelerated the deterioration of firmness (19.6% lower than that of the cherry stored at a constant temperature of 5 °C). This could be explained by temperature fluctuation inducing the upregulation of paPG1-3, paPME3, and paPME4 expression, which led to a 3.5 and 1.5-fold increase in PG and PME activity, respectively. This led to degradation of the aggregated SSP to its nanostructural basic units. Furthermore, temperature fluctuation resulted in upregulated expression of paβ-Gal1 and paβ-Gal3 and enhanced β-Gal activity during subsequent isothermal storage. The results provide theoretical guidance for the transportation, storage, and preservation of postharvest sweet cherry. The inevitable temperature fluctuation induced anthocyanin synthesis, phenolic metabolism, and alkali-soluble pectin degradation, which lead to sweet cherry enzymatic browning and softening.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xin
- College of Food Science and Technology
- Henan University of Technology
- Zhengzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Zhenzhen Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology
- Henan University of Technology
- Zhengzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Yuanwei Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology
- Henan University of Technology
- Zhengzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaofei Shi
- College of Food Science and Technology
- Henan University of Technology
- Zhengzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Fusheng Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology
- Henan University of Technology
- Zhengzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Kunlun Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology
- Henan University of Technology
- Zhengzhou
- P. R. China
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Fuentealba C, Ejsmentewicz T, Campos-Vargas R, Saa S, Aliaga O, Chirinos R, Campos D, Pedreschi R. Cell wall and metabolite composition of sweet cherry fruits from two cultivars with contrasting susceptibility to surface pitting during storage. Food Chem 2020; 342:128307. [PMID: 33046285 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Surface pitting is a serious postharvest physiological disorder in sweet cherries that is observed as skin depressions developed days after bruising. This work aims to compare two cultivars displaying different pitting susceptibilities ('Kordia': relatively resistant; 'Sweetheart': relatively susceptible) using metabolomics profiling and cell wall sugar characterization at different developmental stages and during postharvest storage. Kordia was significantly firmer than Sweetheart, with 1.4-fold more alcohol-insoluble residues (AIRs). A significant correlation was observed between AIRs and deformation, indicating that the highest yields of cell wall material are positively correlated with the resistance to rupture. Additionally, free d-galacturonic acid was higher in pitted Sweetheart samples, likely indicating greater pectin degradation in this susceptible cultivar. Higher contents of the p-coumaric acid derivatives L-5-oxoproline and d-galactose in Sweetheart cherries were found. The metabolic changes during storage and cell wall composition could influence the susceptibility to surface pitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Fuentealba
- Escuela de Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso. Waddington 716, Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - Troy Ejsmentewicz
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Reinaldo Campos-Vargas
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Sebastian Saa
- Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Calle San Francisco s/n, La Palma, Quillota, Chile
| | - Oscar Aliaga
- Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Calle San Francisco s/n, La Palma, Quillota, Chile
| | - Rosana Chirinos
- Instituto de Biotecnología (IBT), Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina - UNALM, Avenida La Molina s/n, Lima, Peru.
| | - David Campos
- Instituto de Biotecnología (IBT), Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina - UNALM, Avenida La Molina s/n, Lima, Peru.
| | - Romina Pedreschi
- Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Calle San Francisco s/n, La Palma, Quillota, Chile.
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Ripening-related cell wall modifications in olive (Olea europaea L.) fruit: A survey of nine genotypes. Food Chem 2020; 338:127754. [PMID: 32829296 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The production of olive (Olea europaea L.) is very important economically in many areas of the world, and particularly in countries around the Mediterranean basin. Ripening-associated modifications in cell wall composition and structure of fruits play an important role in attributes like firmness or susceptibility to infestations, rots and mechanical damage, but limited information on these aspects is currently available for olive. In this work, cell wall metabolism was studied in fruits from nine olive cultivars ('Arbequina', 'Argudell', 'Empeltre', 'Farga', 'Manzanilla', 'Marfil', 'Morrut', 'Picual' and 'Sevillenca') picked at three maturity stages (green, turning and ripe). Yields of alcohol-insoluble residue (AIR) recovered from fruits, as well as calcium content in fruit pericarp, decreased along ripening. Cultivar-specific diversity was observed in time-course change patterns of enzyme activity, particularly for those acting on arabinosyl- and galactosyl-rich pectin side chains. Even so, fruit firmness levels were associated to higher pectin methylesterase (PME) activity and calcium contents. In turn, fruit firmness correlated inversely with ascorbate content and with α-l-arabinofuranosidase (AFase) and β-galactosidase (β-Gal) activities, resulting in preferential loss of neutral sugars from cell wall polymers.
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Peng Y, Li T, Jiang H, Gu Y, Chen Q, Yang C, Qi WL, Liu SQ, Zhang X. Postharvest biochemical characteristics and ultrastructure of Coprinus comatus. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8508. [PMID: 32071815 PMCID: PMC7007737 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coprinus comatus is a novel cultivated edible fungus, hailed as a new preeminent breed of mushroom. However, C. comatus is difficult to keep fresh at room temperature after harvest due to high respiration, browning, self-dissolve and lack of physical protection. METHODS In order to extend the shelf life of C. comatus and reduce its loss in storage, changes in quality, biochemical content, cell wall metabolism and ultrastructure of C. comatus (C.c77) under 4 °C and 90% RH storage regimes were investigated in this study. RESULTS The results showed that: (1) After 10 days of storage, mushrooms appeared acutely browning, cap opening and flowing black juice, rendering the mushrooms commercially unacceptable. (2) The activity of SOD, CAT, POD gradually increased, peaked at the day 10, up to 31.62 U g-1 FW, 16.51 U g-1 FW, 0.33 U g-1 FW, respectively. High SOD, CAT, POD activity could be beneficial in protecting cells from ROS-induced injuries, alleviating lipid peroxidation and stabilizing membrane integrity. (3) The activities of chitinase, β-1,3-glucanase were significantly increased. Higher degrees of cell wall degradation observed during storage might be due to those enzymes' high activities. (4) The fresh C. comatus had dense tissue and every single cell had the number of intracellular organelles which structure can be observed clearly. After 10 d storage, the number of intracellular organelles was declined and the structure was fuzzy, the nucleus disappeared. After 20 d storage, C. comatus's organization was completely lost, many cells were stacked together and the cell wall was badly damaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Peng
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural Uniersity, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tongling Li
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Huaming Jiang
- Sichuan Vocational and Technical College, Suining, Sichuan, China
| | - Yunfu Gu
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural Uniersity, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural Uniersity, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Cairong Yang
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Microbiology, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei liang Qi
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Song-qing Liu
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Microbiology, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural Uniersity, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Giné-Bordonaba J, Echeverria G, Ubach D, Aguiló-Aguayo I, López ML, Larrigaudière C. Biochemical and physiological changes during fruit development and ripening of two sweet cherry varieties with different levels of cracking tolerance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 111:216-225. [PMID: 27951491 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the biochemical and metabolic changes, related to oxidative stress, ethylene and respiration, cell wall modification and primary metabolism, between a high ('Prime Giant') and a low ('Cristalina') cracking susceptible sweet cherry cultivar during growth and ripening. While cherries are referred as a non-climacteric fruit, our results show that an increase of endogenous ethylene production at earlier fruit developmental stages is parallel to colour development and softening during growth. Higher cracking susceptibility was clearly associated to a higher fruit growth rate and accompanied by an increase net CO2 and ethylene production, on a cherry basis, leading to an enhanced accumulation of oxidative stress markers (i.e. H2O2 and MDA). As observed in other fruit species (i.e. tomatoes) higher cracking susceptibility was also related to enhanced activity of cell wall-modifying enzymes which in turn occurred in parallel to the ethylene rise. Overall, these results suggest that cracking development may be a more complex phenomenon than a mere consequence of altered fruit water absorption or turgor and point out the importance of ethylene on sweet cherry ripening and cracking development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Giné-Bordonaba
- Postharvest Programme, Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology (IRTA), Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Edifici Fruitcentre, 25003, Lleida, Spain.
| | - Gemma Echeverria
- Postharvest Programme, Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology (IRTA), Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Edifici Fruitcentre, 25003, Lleida, Spain
| | - Dolors Ubach
- Postharvest Programme, Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology (IRTA), Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Edifici Fruitcentre, 25003, Lleida, Spain
| | - Ingrid Aguiló-Aguayo
- Postharvest Programme, Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology (IRTA), Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Edifici Fruitcentre, 25003, Lleida, Spain
| | - M Luisa López
- Postharvest Programme, Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology (IRTA), Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Edifici Fruitcentre, 25003, Lleida, Spain; Food Technology Department, University of Lleida, Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Christian Larrigaudière
- Postharvest Programme, Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology (IRTA), Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Edifici Fruitcentre, 25003, Lleida, Spain
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