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Haza B, Gosling CJ, Ciminaghi F, Conty L, Pinabiaux C. Research Review: Social cognition and everyday social skills in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analysis of case-control studies. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2024. [PMID: 38860431 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.14006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies that have assessed social cognition in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) have produced inconsistent findings. To summarize these data and shed light upon moderators that may explain observed inconsistencies, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis exploring social cognition (Theory of Mind (ToM), Empathy, Facial and Non-Facial Emotion Recognition) and Everyday Social Skills in children and adolescents with ADHD. METHODS The current meta-analysis involved 142 studies including 652 effect sizes. These studies compared children and adolescents with ADHD (n = 8,300) and with typical development (n = 7,983). RESULTS Participants with ADHD exhibited moderate to very large deficits in ToM (SMD = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.68-0.99), Facial Emotion Recognition (SMD = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.46-0.81), and Everyday Social Skills (SMD = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.08-1.37). The magnitude of these impairments was similar when considering effect sizes adjusted for some covariates and the methodological quality of the studies. Few studies have investigated Empathy and Non-Facial Emotion Recognition, which precludes definitive conclusions. CONCLUSIONS Children and adolescents with ADHD experience robust impairments in ToM, Facial Emotion Recognition and Everyday Social Skills. Future studies should explore whether these deficits are a consequence of difficulties in other areas of cognition (e.g., executive functioning). We have made all our raw data open access to facilitate the use of the present work by the community (e.g., clinicians looking for tools, assessing social impairments, or researchers designing new studies).
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Affiliation(s)
- Belen Haza
- Laboratory of Cognitive Functioning and Dysfunctioning (DysCo), Université Paris Nanterre, Nanterre, France
| | - Corentin J Gosling
- Laboratory of Cognitive Functioning and Dysfunctioning (DysCo), Université Paris Nanterre, Nanterre, France
- Laboratory of Psychopathology and Health Process, Université Paris Cité, Boulogne Billancourt, France
- Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, School of Psychology, Centre for Innovation in Mental Health (CIMH), University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Flavia Ciminaghi
- Laboratory of Cognitive Functioning and Dysfunctioning (DysCo), Université Paris Nanterre, Nanterre, France
| | - Laurence Conty
- Laboratory of Cognitive Functioning and Dysfunctioning (DysCo), Université Paris Nanterre, Nanterre, France
| | - Charlotte Pinabiaux
- Laboratory of Cognitive Functioning and Dysfunctioning (DysCo), Université Paris Nanterre, Nanterre, France
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Shen F, Zhou H. Advances in the etiology and neuroimaging of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Front Pediatr 2024; 12:1400468. [PMID: 38915870 PMCID: PMC11194347 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1400468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurodevelopmental disorder in children, characterized by age-inappropriate inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, which can cause extensive damage to children's academic, occupational, and social skills. This review will present current advancements in the field of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, including genetics, environmental factors, epigenetics, and neuroimaging features. Simultaneously, we will discuss the highlights of promising directions for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
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3
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Smith JN, Jusko ML, Fosco WD, Musser ED, Raiker JS. A critical review of hot executive functioning in youth attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Methodological limitations, conceptual considerations, and future directions. Dev Psychopathol 2024; 36:601-615. [PMID: 36734223 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579422001432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Hot executive functioning (EF) - EF under emotionally or motivationally salient conditions - is a putative etiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), disruptive behavior problems (DBPs), and their related impairments. Despite two decades of research, the present study is the first review of the construct in youth ADHD, with a particular focus on the role of task design, age, and DBPs, as well as relevant conceptual and methodological considerations. While certain hot EF tasks have been investigated extensively (e.g., choice impulsivity), substantial inconsistency in measurement of the broader construct remains, severely limiting conclusions. Future research should a) consider the extent to which various hot EF tasks relate to one another, a higher order factor, and other related constructs; b) further investigate task design, particularly the elicitation of emotion or motivation and its anticipated effect on EF; and c) incorporate multiple levels of analysis to validate similarities and differences among tasks with regard to the affective experiences and cognitive demands they elicit. With improved measurement and conceptual clarity, hot EF has potential to advance the literature on etiological pathways to ADHD, DBPs and associated impairments and, more broadly, may represent a useful tool for understanding the influence of emotion and motivation on cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Erica D Musser
- Florida International University (FIU), USA
- FIU Center for Children and Families, USA
- FIU Embrace, USA
| | - Joseph S Raiker
- Florida International University (FIU), USA
- FIU Center for Children and Families, USA
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4
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Henning CT, Summerfeldt LJ, Parker JDA. Longitudinal Associations Between Symptoms of ADHD and Life Success: From Emerging Adulthood to Early Middle Adulthood. J Atten Disord 2024; 28:1139-1151. [PMID: 38504446 PMCID: PMC11016205 DOI: 10.1177/10870547241239148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To expand on current adult ADHD literature by investigating the stability of ADHD symptomatology (i.e., inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity) across a 15-year period (from emerging adulthood to early middle adulthood) and the relative contributions of ADHD symptomatology to life success. METHOD A sample of 320 post-secondary students was initially assessed for ADHD symptomatology using the Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scale (CAARS). Fifteen years later, participants were re-assessed using the CAARS and several measures of life success (e.g., relationship satisfaction, career satisfaction, and stress levels). RESULTS Inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms showed strong stability across the 15-year period. Additionally, inattention symptoms during emerging adulthood and early middle adulthood were consistently associated with poorer life success (i.e., lower relationship and career satisfaction), particularly for men. Associations for hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms were less consistent. CONCLUSION ADHD symptomatology can be conceptualized as a stable, dimensional trait across adulthood, with important impacts on life success.
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Jansen JM, Franse ME. Executive functioning in antisocial behavior: A multi-level systematic meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev 2024; 109:102408. [PMID: 38430781 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2024.102408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Neurobiological information - including executive functioning - is increasingly relevant for forensic clinical practice, as well as for the criminal justice system. Previous meta-analyses report that antisocial populations show impaired performance on executive functioning tasks, but these meta-analyses are outdated, have limitations in their methodological approach, and are therefore in need of an update. The current multi-level meta-analysis including 133 studies (2008-2023) confirms impaired performance in executive functioning (d=.42), but studies are heterogeneous. Several moderator analyses showed that neuropsychological test used, type of executive function component, and control group characteristics moderated the overall effect. Specifically, matching psychiatric problems in the non-antisocial control group eliminated any differences in executive functioning between groups. No moderation effects were found for assessment quality, hot or cold executive functions, and various population characteristics. These results could indicate that the assessment of executive functioning in antisocial populations may be less relevant for recidivism risk assessment than thought, although this should first be assessed in prospective longitudinal studies. Executive functioning could potentially be used to identify or screen for individuals with certain treatment needs or be used as a responsivity factor, especially in disorders which are often underdiagnosed in criminal justice settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochem Milan Jansen
- Institute for Criminal Law & Criminology, Faculty of Law, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands; Inforsa, Arkin, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Melanie Elisabeth Franse
- Netherlands Institute of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology, Department of Science and Education, Herman Gorterstraat 5, 3511EW Utrecht, Netherlands; Institute of Education and Child Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333AK Leiden, Netherlands
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van Doornik RS, van der Oord S, Luijckx J, Groenman AP, Leijten P, Luman M, Hoekstra PJ, van den Hoofdakker BJ, Dekkers TJ. The short- and longer-term effects of brief behavioral parent training versus care as usual in children with behavioral difficulties: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:203. [PMID: 38475768 PMCID: PMC10936011 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05649-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The access to and uptake of evidence-based behavioral parent training for children with behavioral difficulties (i.e., oppositional, defiant, aggressive, hyperactive, impulsive, and inattentive behavior) are currently limited because of a scarcity of certified therapists and long waiting lists. These problems are in part due to the long and sometimes perceived as rigid nature of most evidence-based programs and result in few families starting behavioral parent training and high dropout rates. Brief and individually tailored parenting interventions may reduce these problems and make behavioral parent training more accessible. This protocol paper describes a two-arm, multi-center, randomized controlled trial on the short- and longer-term effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a brief, individually tailored behavioral parent training program for children with behavioral difficulties. METHODS Parents of children aged 2-12 years referred to a child mental healthcare center are randomized to (i) three sessions of behavioral parent training with optional booster sessions or (ii) care as usual. To evaluate effectiveness, our primary outcome is the mean severity of five daily ratings by parents of four selected behavioral difficulties. Secondary outcomes include measures of parent and child behavior, well-being, and parent-child interaction. We explore whether child and parent characteristics moderate intervention effects. To evaluate cost-effectiveness, the use and costs of mental healthcare and utilities are measured. Finally, parents' and therapists' satisfaction with the brief program are explored. Measurements take place at baseline (T0), one week after the brief parent training, or eight weeks after baseline (in case of care as usual) (T1), and six months (T2) and twelve months (T3) after T1. DISCUSSION The results of this trial could have meaningful societal implications for children with behavioral difficulties and their parents. If we find the brief behavioral parent training to be more (cost-)effective than care as usual, it could be used in clinical practice to make parent training more accessible. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial is prospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05591820) on October 24th, 2022 and updated throughout the trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roos S van Doornik
- Accare Child Study Center, Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Joli Luijckx
- Balans, National Parent Association, Bunnik, The Netherlands
| | - Annabeth P Groenman
- Accare Child Study Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patty Leijten
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Luman
- Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Complex Behavioral Disorders and Forensic Youth Psychiatry, Levvel, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter J Hoekstra
- Accare Child Study Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara J van den Hoofdakker
- Accare Child Study Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tycho J Dekkers
- Accare Child Study Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Complex Behavioral Disorders and Forensic Youth Psychiatry, Levvel, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Bozkurt A, Yıldırım Demirdöğen E, Kolak Çelik M, Akıncı MA. An assessment of dynamic facial emotion recognition and theory of mind in children with ADHD: An eye-tracking study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298468. [PMID: 38329958 PMCID: PMC10852339 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Deficits in social cognition in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have been associated with difficulties in functioning. Since recognizing emotional facial expressions is essential for developing the perceptual components of the theory of mind (ToM), it is important to assess this relationship in children with ADHD. This study therefore compared the recognition of emotional stimuli and gaze patterns between children with ADHD and healthy children using eye-tracking with dynamic facial images. It also examined the relationship between facial emotion recognition accuracy, gaze patterns, ToM scores, and ADHD symptoms. Children with ADHD aged 8-13 (n = 47) and a control group (n = 38) completed a facial emotion recognition test, ToM tests, and the Conners' Parent Rating Scale. Participants' gaze patterns in response to dynamic facial emotion expressions were recorded using eye-tracking technology. Children with ADHD exhibited significantly lower accuracy in the recognition of the facial expressions of disgust and anger. The percentage fixation in the eye region was also significantly lower for happy, angry, sad, disgusted, and neutral emotions in the children with ADHD compared to the control group. No relationship was determined between the percentage of fixations on facial areas of interests and ADHD symptoms or ToM tests. This study provides evidence that children with ADHD experience deficits in visual attention to emotional cues. In addition, it suggests that facial emotion recognition deficits in children with ADHD represent a separate domain of social cognition that develops independently of ToM skills and core symptoms. Understanding and treating the social difficulties of individuals with ADHD may help improve their social functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Bozkurt
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | | | - Müberra Kolak Çelik
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Mehmet Akif Akıncı
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Türkiye
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8
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Sells RC, Liversedge SP, Chronaki G. Vocal emotion recognition in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analysis. Cogn Emot 2024; 38:23-43. [PMID: 37715528 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2023.2258590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
There is debate within the literature as to whether emotion dysregulation (ED) in Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) reflects deviant attentional mechanisms or atypical perceptual emotion processing. Previous reviews have reliably examined the nature of facial, but not vocal, emotion recognition accuracy in ADHD. The present meta-analysis quantified vocal emotion recognition (VER) accuracy scores in ADHD and controls using robust variance estimation, gathered from 21 published and unpublished papers. Additional moderator analyses were carried out to determine whether the nature of VER accuracy in ADHD varied depending on emotion type. Findings revealed a medium effect size for the presence of VER deficits in ADHD, and moderator analyses showed VER accuracy in ADHD did not differ due to emotion type. These results support the theories which implicate the role of attentional mechanisms in driving VER deficits in ADHD. However, there is insufficient data within the behavioural VER literature to support the presence of emotion processing atypicalities in ADHD. Future neuro-imaging research could explore the interaction between attention and emotion processing in ADHD, taking into consideration ADHD subtypes and comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohanna C Sells
- School of Psychology and Computer Science, University of Central Lancashire, UK
| | - Simon P Liversedge
- School of Psychology and Computer Science, University of Central Lancashire, UK
| | - Georgia Chronaki
- School of Psychology and Computer Science, University of Central Lancashire, UK
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Levy T, Dupuis A, Andrade BF, Crosbie J, Kelley E, Nicolson R, Schachar RJ. Facial emotion recognition in children and youth with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and irritability. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2023; 32:2271-2280. [PMID: 36050559 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-022-02033-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The ability to recognize emotions evident in people's faces contributes to social functioning and might be affected by ADHD and irritability. Given their high co-occurrence, we examined the relative contribution of ADHD and irritability to facial emotion recognition (FER). We hypothesized that irritability but not ADHD traits would predict increased likelihood of misrecognizing emotions as negative, and that FER performance would explain the association of ADHD and irritability traits with social skills. FER was measured using the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET) in children (6-14 years old) referred for ADHD assessment (n = 304) and healthy controls (n = 128). ADHD, irritability and social skills were measured using parent ratings. We used repeated measure logistics regression, comparing the effects across emotion valence of images (i.e., neutral/positive/negative). High irritability but not ADHD diagnosis predicted lower RMET accuracy. ADHD traits predicted lower RMET accuracy in younger but not older participants, whereas irritability predicted poorer accuracy at all ages. ADHD traits predicted lower RMET accuracy across all emotion valences, whereas irritability predicted increased probability of misrecognizing neutral and positive but not negative emotions. Irritability did not increase the probability for erroneously recognizing emotions as negative. ADHD and irritability traits fully explained the association between RMET and social skills. ADHD and irritability traits might impact the ability to identify emotions portrayed in faces. However, irritability traits appear to selectively impair recognition of neutral and positive but not negative emotions. ADHD and irritability are important when examining the link between FER and social difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomer Levy
- Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Annie Dupuis
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Brendan F Andrade
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer Crosbie
- Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Kelley
- Department of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Rob Nicolson
- Department of Psychiatry, Lawson Health Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Russell James Schachar
- Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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10
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Yildirim Demİrdöğen E, Turan B, Gülşen M, Çubukçu HC, Dursun OB. Voluntary imitation of dynamic facial expressions in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a facial-behavior analysis. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2023; 45:915-927. [PMID: 38380655 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2024.2320464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The difficulties involved in social interaction among children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have been shown in many studies. Based on the knowledge that the imitation of facial expressions is a key factor in social interaction and functionality, the focus of prior studies has been on the evaluation of facial expressions in individuals with ADHD. However, little is known about voluntary facial mimicry in individuals with ADHD. In this context, we aimed to evaluate the voluntary-facial-imitation intensity of dynamic facial expressions in children with ADHD. METHOD Forty-one children with ADHD and 53 typically developing children were included in the study. Participants were presented with a video of six basic emotions and neutral facial expressions selected from the EU-Emotion Stimulus Set via a screen. After each emotion, the instruction "now imitate it" was given. While the children watched the video, their faces were recorded with a webcam. The intensity of the children's voluntary facial imitations was examined with a computer vision program (Openface) that performs facial analysis on recorded videos. RESULTS There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of facial emotion recognition accuracy. In group comparisons of voluntary facial mimicry, children with ADHD showed a significantly higher imitation intensity after emotional expressions of sadness, surprise and fear. There was no difference between the groups after the emotions of happiness, anger and disgust. CONCLUSION This non-obtrusive, noninvasive, and cost-effective method allowed us to measure the quantitative differences in facial mimicry between children with ADHD and typically developing children. Our results contribute new information to the literature by indicating which emotions can be used in the evaluation of social communication skills, as well as intervention targets for these skills, in children with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esen Yildirim Demİrdöğen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Atatürk University Medicine Faculty, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Bahadır Turan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Karadeniz Technical University Medicine Faculty, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Murat Gülşen
- Department of Autism, Mental Special Needs and Rare Diseases, Turkish Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hikmet Can Çubukçu
- Department of Autism, Mental Special Needs and Rare Diseases, Turkish Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Onur Burak Dursun
- Department of Autism, Mental Special Needs and Rare Diseases, Turkish Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey
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Hawes DJ, Gardner F, Dadds MR, Frick PJ, Kimonis ER, Burke JD, Fairchild G. Oppositional defiant disorder. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2023; 9:31. [PMID: 37349322 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-023-00441-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is a disruptive behaviour disorder involving an ongoing pattern of angry/irritable mood, argumentative/defiant behaviour and vindictiveness. Onset is typically before 8 years of age, although ODD can be diagnosed in both children and adults. This disorder is associated with substantial social and economic burden, and childhood ODD is one of the most common precursors of other mental health problems that can arise across the lifespan. The population prevalence of ODD is ~3 to 5%. A higher prevalence in males than females has been reported, particularly before adolescence. No single risk factor accounts for ODD. The development of this disorder seems to arise from the interaction of genetic and environmental factors, and mechanisms embedded in social relationships are understood to contribute to its maintenance. The treatment of ODD is often successful, and relatively brief parenting interventions produce large sized treatment effects in early childhood. Accordingly, ODD represents an important focus for research, practice and policy concerning early intervention and prevention in mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Hawes
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Frances Gardner
- Centre for Evidence-Based Intervention, Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mark R Dadds
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul J Frick
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Eva R Kimonis
- Parent-Child Research Clinic, School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jeffrey D Burke
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
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12
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Murray AL, Nagin D, Obsuth I, Ribeaud D, Eisner M. Young Adulthood Outcomes of Joint Mental Health Trajectories: A Group-Based Trajectory Model Analysis of a 13-Year Longitudinal Cohort Study. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2022; 53:1083-1096. [PMID: 34059956 PMCID: PMC9470602 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-021-01193-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Developmental trajectories of common mental health issues such as ADHD symptoms, internalising problems, and externalising problems can often be usefully summarised in terms of a small number of 'developmental subtypes' (e.g., 'childhood onset', 'adolescent onset') that may differ in their profiles or levels of clinically meaningful variables such as etiological risk factors. However, given the strong tendency for symptoms in these domains to co-occur, it is important to consider not only developmental subtypes in each domain individually, but also the joint developmental subtypes defined by symptoms trajectories in all three domains together (e.g., 'late onset multimorbid', 'pure internalising', 'early onset multimorbid'). Previous research has illuminated the joint developmental subtypes of ADHD symptoms, internalising problems, and externalising problems that emerge from normative longitudinal data using methods such as group-based trajectory modelling, as well as predictors of membership in these developmental subtypes. However, information on the long-term outcomes of developmental subtype membership is critical to illuminate the likely nature and intensity of support needs required for individuals whose trajectories fit different developmental subtypes. We, therefore, evaluated the relations between developmental subtypes previously derived using group-based trajectory modelling in the z-proso study (n = 1620 with trajectory data at ages 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15) and early adulthood outcomes. Individuals with multimorbid trajectories but not 'pure' internalising problem elevations showed higher levels of social exclusion and delinquency at age 20. These associations held irrespective of the specific developmental course of symptoms (e.g., early versus late onset versus remitting). There was also some evidence that intimate partner violence acts as a form of heterotypic continuity for earlier externalising problems. Results underline the need for early intervention to address the pathways that lead to social exclusion and delinquency among young people with multiple co-occurring mental health issues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ingrid Obsuth
- Clinical Psychology Department, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Denis Ribeaud
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Eisner
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Criminology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Levy T, Peskin M, Kohn Y, Sheinhorn S, Schoen G, Weizman A, Golubchik P. Callous-Unemotional Traits and Face-Emotion Recognition as Mediators in Conduct Problems of Children With ADHD. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 2022; 27:978-990. [PMID: 35608436 DOI: 10.1177/13591045221093876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with increased risk for conduct problems (CP), as well as with callous-unemotional traits (CUt) and lower accuracy in face emotional recognition (FER). It is unclear, however, whether CUt and low accuracy in FER contribute to the risk for CP in ADHD. The present study investigated the possibility of such contribution. METHODS This pilot study's participants included 31 children aged 7-17 years, diagnosed with ADHD, and treated in a psychiatric outpatient clinic. The parents rated their children on the ADHD Rating Scale, Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits, and the Child Behavior Checklist-Conduct Problems scale. Participants completed the Hebrew version of the children's Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (cRMET)-a Theory of Mind measure. A bootstrapped multiple mediator model was used, adjusting for age and gender. RESULTS ADHD symptoms were associated with CP. This association was not mediated by CUt or cRMET. CUt was associated with CP independent of ADHD symptom severity. CONCLUSIONS ADHD symptoms and CUt both should be considered when assessing risk for CP and devising a treatment plan, in children with ADHD. Current results did not confirm the hypothesis that cRMET and CUt mediate between ADHD symptoms and CP. More studies employing larger samples, longitudinal design, and other emotion recognition measures are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomer Levy
- Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Behavior Regulation Services, Geha Mental Health Center, Petah Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Miriam Peskin
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Preschool Department, Geha Mental Health Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Yoav Kohn
- Donald Cohen Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Eitanim Psychiatric Hospital, Jerusalem Mental Health Center, Jerusalem, Israel.,Hadassah School of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sapir Sheinhorn
- Child and Adolescent Outpatient Clinic, Geha Mental Health Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Gila Schoen
- Child and Adolescent Outpatient Clinic, Geha Mental Health Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Abraham Weizman
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Research Unit, Geha Mental Health Center, Petah Tikva, Israel.,Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Pavel Golubchik
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Child and Adolescent Outpatient Clinic, Geha Mental Health Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
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14
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Kleine Deters R, Ruisch IH, Faraone SV, Hartman CA, Luman M, Franke B, Oosterlaan J, Buitelaar JK, Naaijen J, Dietrich A, Hoekstra PJ. Polygenic risk scores for antisocial behavior in relation to amygdala morphology across an attention deficit hyperactivity disorder case-control sample with and without disruptive behavior. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2022; 62:63-73. [PMID: 35914510 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2022.07.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Antisocial and aggressive behaviors show considerable heritability and are central to disruptive behavior disorders (DBDs), but are also frequently observed in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). While the amygdala is implicated as a key neural structure, it remains unclear whether common genetic variants underlie this brain-behavior association. We hypothesized that polygenic (risk) scores for antisocial and aggressive behaviors (ASB-PRS) would be related to amygdala morphology. Using the Broad Antisocial Behavior Consortium genome-wide association study (GWAS; mostly population based cohorts), we calculated ASB-PRS in the NeuroIMAGE I ADHD case-control sample with varying levels of DBD symptomatology (n=679 from 379 families, aged 7 - 29). We first investigated associations of several ASB-PRS p value thresholds with the presence of DBD symptoms and self-reported antisocial behavior (ASB) to determine the threshold for further analyses. This PRS was then related to amygdala volume and shape using regression and vertex-wise analyses. Our results showed associations of ASB-PRS with the presence of DBD symptoms, self-reported ASB, and left basolateral amygdala shape, independent of ADHD symptom severity and ADHD-PRS, with a relative outward displacement of the vertices. No associations of ASB-PRS, DBD symptoms or self-reported ASB with amygdala volume were found. Our results indicate that genetic risk for antisocial and aggressive behaviors is related to amygdala shape alterations, and point to genetic sharing across different DBD and ASB and aggression-related phenotypes as a spectrum of genetically related quantitative traits. Additionally, our findings support the utility of vertex-based shape analyses in genetic studies of ASB, aggression, and DBDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee Kleine Deters
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Groningen, the Netherlands; Accare Child Study Center, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - I Hyun Ruisch
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Groningen, the Netherlands; Accare Child Study Center, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Stephen V Faraone
- Departments of Psychiatry and of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Catharina A Hartman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Luman
- Emma Children's Hospital Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Pediatrics, Emma Neuroscience Group, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development research institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Clinical Neuropsychology Section, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Barbara Franke
- Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jaap Oosterlaan
- Emma Children's Hospital Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Pediatrics, Emma Neuroscience Group, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development research institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Clinical Neuropsychology Section, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan K Buitelaar
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jilly Naaijen
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Andrea Dietrich
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Groningen, the Netherlands; Accare Child Study Center, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Pieter J Hoekstra
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Groningen, the Netherlands; Accare Child Study Center, Groningen, the Netherlands
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15
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寇 聪, 吴 赵, 刘 娟, 操 小, 杨 斌. Association between oppositional defiant disorder and parenting style in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2022; 24:869-873. [PMID: 36036124 PMCID: PMC9425861 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2203066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the association between oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and parenting style in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHODS A case-control study was performed on 482 children with ADHD, among whom 322 did not have ODD (simple ADHD group) and 160 had ODD (ADHD+ODD group). General demographic data and the Parenting Style Scale assessment scores were collected from the two groups. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the association between parenting style and ODD in children with ADHD. RESULTS There was no significant difference in parenting style scores (including rejection factor, emotional warmth factor, overprotection factor, and preference factor) and general demographic data between the simple ADHD and ADHD+ODD groups (P>0.05). Among the children with the predominantly inattentive type of ADHD, the older the child or the lower the father's educational level, the higher the risk of ODD (P<0.05), while there was no significant association between parenting style and the development of ODD (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Parenting style is not significantly associated with the development of ODD in children with ADHD. In clinical practice, it is necessary to eliminate the stereotype that the parents of children with ADHD and comorbid ODD have a poor parenting style and look for the causes of development of ODD from multiple perspectives, so as to provide reasonable intervention recommendations.
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16
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Zuberer A, Schwarz L, Kreifelts B, Wildgruber D, Erb M, Fallgatter A, Scheffler K, Ethofer T. Neural Basis of Impaired Emotion Recognition in Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2022; 7:680-687. [PMID: 33551283 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deficits in emotion recognition have been repeatedly documented in patients diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but their neural basis is unknown so far. METHODS In the current study, adult patients with ADHD (n = 44) and healthy control subjects (n = 43) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging during explicit emotion recognition of stimuli expressing affective information in face, voice, or face-voice combinations. The employed experimental paradigm allowed us to delineate areas for processing audiovisual information based on their functional activation profile, including the bilateral posterior superior temporal gyrus/middle temporal gyrus, amygdala, medial prefrontal cortex, and precuneus, as well as the right posterior thalamus. RESULTS As expected, unbiased hit rates for correct classification of the expressed emotions were lower in patients with ADHD than in healthy control subjects irrespective of the presented sensory modality. This deficit at a behavioral level was accompanied by lower activation in patients with ADHD versus healthy control subjects in the cortex adjacent to the right superior temporal gyrus/middle temporal gyrus and the right posterior thalamus, which represent key areas for processing socially relevant signals and their integration across modalities. A cortical region adjacent to the right posterior superior temporal gyrus was the only brain region that showed a significant correlation between brain activation and emotion identification performance. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, these results provide the first evidence for a potential neural substrate of the observed impairments in emotion recognition in adults with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Zuberer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
| | - Lena Schwarz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Kreifelts
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dirk Wildgruber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Erb
- Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Fallgatter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Ethofer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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17
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Dysfunctional temporal stages of eye-gaze perception in adults with ADHD: a high-density EEG study. Biol Psychol 2022; 171:108351. [PMID: 35568095 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2022.108351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
ADHD has been associated with social cognitive impairments across the lifespan, but no studies have specifically addressed the presence of abnormalities in eye-gaze processing in the adult brain. This study investigated the neural basis of eye-gaze perception in adults with ADHD using event-related potentials (ERP). Twenty-three ADHD and 23 controls performed a delayed face-matching task with neutral faces that had either direct or averted gaze. ERPs were classified using microstate analyses. ADHD and controls displayed similar P100 and N170 microstates. ADHD was associated with cluster abnormalities in the attention-sensitive P200 to direct gaze, and in the N250 related to facial recognition. For direct gaze, source localization revealed reduced activity in ADHD for the P200 in the left/midline cerebellum, as well as in a cingulate-occipital network at the N250. These results suggest brain impairments involving eye-gaze decoding in adults with ADHD, suggestive of neural signatures associated with this disorder in adulthood.
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18
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Facial emotion recognition impairment predicts social and emotional problems in children with (subthreshold) ADHD. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2022; 31:715-727. [PMID: 33415471 PMCID: PMC9142461 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-020-01709-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms often experience social and emotional problems. Impaired facial emotion recognition has been suggested as a possible underlying mechanism, although impairments may depend on the type and intensity of emotions. We investigated facial emotion recognition in children with (subthreshold) ADHD and controls using a novel task with children's faces of emotional expressions varying in type and intensity. We further investigated associations between emotion recognition accuracy and social and emotional problems in the ADHD group. 83 children displaying ADHD symptoms and 30 controls (6-12 years) completed the Morphed Facial Emotion Recognition Task (MFERT). The MFERT assesses emotion recognition accuracy on four emotions using five expression intensity levels. Teachers and parents rated social and emotional problems on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Repeated measures analysis of variance revealed that the ADHD group showed poorer emotion recognition accuracy compared to controls across emotions (small effect). The significant group by expression intensity interaction (small effect) showed that the increase in accuracy with increasing expression intensity was smaller in the ADHD group compared to controls. Multiple regression analyses within the ADHD group showed that emotion recognition accuracy was inversely related to social and emotional problems, but not prosocial behavior. Not only children with an ADHD diagnosis, but also children with subthreshold ADHD experience impairments in facial emotion recognition. This impairment is predictive for social and emotional problems, which may suggest that emotion recognition may contribute to the development of social and emotional problems in these children.
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19
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Staff AI, Oosterlaan J, Oord S, Königs M, Hoofdakker BJ, Luman M. Child neurocognitive functioning influences the effectiveness of specific techniques in behavioral teacher training for ADHD: Moderator analyses from a randomized controlled microtrial. JCPP ADVANCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jcv2.12032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anouck I. Staff
- Department of Clinical‐, Neuro‐, and Developmental Psychology Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Jaap Oosterlaan
- Department of Clinical‐, Neuro‐, and Developmental Psychology Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Emma Neuroscience Group Department of Pediatrics Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Emma Children's Hospital Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Saskia Oord
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
- Department of Developmental Psychology University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Marsh Königs
- Emma Neuroscience Group Department of Pediatrics Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Emma Children's Hospital Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Barbara J. Hoofdakker
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Luman
- Department of Clinical‐, Neuro‐, and Developmental Psychology Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
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20
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Zhu Y, Liu L, Yang D, Ji H, Huang T, Xue L, Jiang X, Li K, Tao L, Cai Q, Fang Y. Cognitive control and emotional response in attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder comorbidity with disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct disorders. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:232. [PMID: 33947370 PMCID: PMC8094501 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03221-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated cognitive and emotional functioning in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct disorders (DICCD). METHODS Thirty patients with ADHD, 26 with DICCD, 22 with ADHD+DICCD were recruited from the outpatient department of Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, plus 20 healthy controls (HC). Differences between the groups in cognitive and emotional functioning were examined using Golden's Stroop and Emotional Stroop tests. For Emotional Stroop Mean reaction time (RT) of positive word (POS) and negative word (NEG) with color congruence (C) or incongruence (I) were recorded as POS-C, POS-I, NEG-C and NEG-I, respectively. RESULTS For Golden's interference scores (IGs), both errors and RTs in the ADHD group were higher than in the other groups. Longer mean RTs of POS-C, POS-I, NEG-C and neural word (NEU) of the ADHD group, and NEG-I of ADHD+DICCD and DICCD groups were observed compared to HC. After 12 weeks of methylphenidate treatment, differences between ADHD subgroups and HC on Golden's Stroop RT disappeared, but differences in Golden's Stroop errors and Emotional Stroop mean RTs remained. The ADHD+DICCD group showed longer mean RTs in NEG-C, NEG-I and NEU of the Emotional Stroop test than the ADHD group. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that regardless of emotional responding, deficit in cognitive control is the core symptom of ADHD. However, emotionally biased stimuli may cause response inhibitory dysfunction among DICCD with callous-unemotional traits, and the comorbidity of ADHD and DICCD tends to account for the negative emotional response characteristic of DICCD. These deficits may be eliminated by medication treatment in ADHD, but not the ADHD with comorbid DICCD. Our results support the notion that ADHD with comorbid DICCD is more closely related to DICCD than to ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuncheng Zhu
- grid.415630.50000 0004 1782 6212Shanghai Hongkou Mental Health Center, Shanghai, 200083 China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030 China ,grid.410642.5Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, Shanghai, 200335 China
| | - Li Liu
- grid.410642.5Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, Shanghai, 200335 China
| | - Daoliang Yang
- grid.410642.5Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, Shanghai, 200335 China
| | - Haifeng Ji
- grid.410642.5Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, Shanghai, 200335 China
| | - Tianming Huang
- grid.410642.5Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, Shanghai, 200335 China
| | - Lianxue Xue
- grid.410642.5Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, Shanghai, 200335 China
| | - Xixi Jiang
- Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, Shanghai, 200335, China.
| | - Kaiyun Li
- grid.454761.5University of Jinan, Shandong Province, Jinan, 250022 China
| | - Lily Tao
- grid.22069.3f0000 0004 0369 6365Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (MOE & STCSM), Shanghai Changning-ECNU Mental Health Center, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062 China
| | - Qing Cai
- grid.22069.3f0000 0004 0369 6365Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (MOE & STCSM), Shanghai Changning-ECNU Mental Health Center, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062 China
| | - Yiru Fang
- Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China. .,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai, 200031, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic disorders, Shanghai, 201108, China.
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21
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Kleine Deters R, Naaijen J, Rosa M, Aggensteiner PM, Banaschewski T, Saam MC, Schulze UME, Sethi A, Craig MC, Sagar-Ouriaghli I, Santosh P, Castro-Fornieles J, Penzol MJ, Arango C, Werhahn JE, Brandeis D, Franke B, Glennon J, Buitelaar JK, Hoekstra PJ, Dietrich A. Executive functioning and emotion recognition in youth with oppositional defiant disorder and/or conduct disorder. World J Biol Psychiatry 2020; 21:539-551. [PMID: 32212964 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2020.1747114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Executive functioning and emotion recognition may be impaired in disruptive youth, yet findings in oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD) are inconsistent. We examined these functions related to ODD and CD, accounting for comorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and internalising symptoms.Methods: We compared executive functioning (visual working memory, visual attention, inhibitory control) and emotion recognition between youth (8-18 years old, 123 boys, 55 girls) with ODD (n = 44) or CD (with/without ODD, n = 48), and healthy controls (n = 86). We also related ODD, CD, and ADHD symptom counts and internalising symptomatology to all outcome measures, as well as executive functioning to emotion recognition.Results: Visual working memory and inhibitory control were impaired in the ODD and CD groups versus healthy controls. Anger, disgust, fear, happiness, and sadness recognition were impaired in the CD group; only anger recognition was impaired in the ODD group. Deficits were not explained by comorbid ADHD or internalising symptoms. Visual working memory was associated with recognition of all basic emotions.Conclusions: Our findings challenge the view that neuropsychological impairments in youth with ODD/CD are driven by comorbid ADHD and suggest possible distinct neurocognitive mechanisms in CD versus ODD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee Kleine Deters
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jilly Naaijen
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mireia Rosa
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Clínic Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pascal M Aggensteiner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Melanie C Saam
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ulrike M E Schulze
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre for Psychiatry, Calw, Germany
| | - Arjun Sethi
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Michael C Craig
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ilyas Sagar-Ouriaghli
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Paramala Santosh
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,Centre for Interventional Paediatric Psychopharmacology and Rare Diseases (CIPPRD), National and Specialist Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, Maudsley Hospital, London, UK
| | - Josefina Castro-Fornieles
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Clínic Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 2017SGR881, University of Barcelona, CIBERSAM, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María J Penzol
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Celso Arango
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julia E Werhahn
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Brandeis
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Franke
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey Glennon
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan K Buitelaar
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter J Hoekstra
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Dietrich
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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22
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Breitling-Ziegler C, Tegelbeckers J, Flechtner HH, Krauel K. Economical Assessment of Working Memory and Response Inhibition in ADHD Using a Combined n-back/Nogo Paradigm: An ERP Study. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:322. [PMID: 32848679 PMCID: PMC7426064 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of cognitive interventions in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often requires the assessment of multiple cognitive functions. However, experimental settings consisting of various tasks are particularly strenuous for patients and can thus result in poor data quality. For the economical assessment of working memory and response inhibition, this study aims to validate a combined n-back/nogo paradigm by comparing it to single task versions and to demonstrate its applicability for ADHD research. Twenty-five healthy individuals and 34 ADHD patients between 9 and 16 years participated in this event-related potential (ERP) study. Healthy controls underwent single task versions of a 2-back working memory task and a go/nogo response inhibition task as well as the introduced combined 2-back/nogo task. This combined task demonstrated a comparable ERP structure for working memory and response inhibition aspects as single task versions. Behaviorally, higher working memory performance during the combined paradigm indicated lower task difficulty, while high correlations between combined and single task versions still indicated valid working memory measures. For response inhibition performance, different task versions resulted in similar outcomes. The application of the combined n-back/nogo paradigm in ADHD patients revealed the expected working memory and response inhibition deficits, increased omission errors, reaction times, and standard deviation of reaction time, as well as diminished n-back P3 and nogo P3 amplitudes. We conclude that the combined n-back/nogo task is an effective paradigm for the economical assessment of working memory and response inhibition deficits in ADHD on a behavioral and neurophysiological level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Breitling-Ziegler
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jana Tegelbeckers
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Hans-Henning Flechtner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Krauel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
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Peiper NC, Ridenour TA, Fishbein DH. Characterizing psychiatric symptoms and neurocognitive functioning among substance-naïve early adolescents: Associations with sleep problems. Early Interv Psychiatry 2020; 14:439-449. [PMID: 31468719 PMCID: PMC10576860 DOI: 10.1111/eip.12869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM Evidence consistently links psychiatric symptoms, reduced neurocognitive functioning (NCF) and sleep problems to the initiation of a wide range of risk behaviours. Less is known, however, about the associations between sleep problems with psychiatric symptoms and NCF among early adolescents yet to engage in substance use. METHODS The present study examined baseline data from an ongoing prospective study of 529 youth aged 10-12 years who completed a battery of instruments measuring symptom counts for four psychiatric disorders, performance on six tests of NCF and five types of sleep behaviour on week days. We used latent class analysis to classify the 473 substance-naïve youth into subtypes characterized by probabilistic patterns of psychiatric symptoms and poorer NCF. RESULTS Four subtypes emerged: normative (24% of the sample); nonspecific mental health symptoms (27%); lower neurocognitive function (24%) and comorbid psychiatric symptoms and lower neurocognitive function (25%). In a multivariable latent regression model, three or more sleep arousals per night, sleep phase of two or more hours and sleep latency of 20 minutes or more were significantly associated with the two classes having higher symptom counts. Lack of family support was significantly associated with the two classes having lower neurocognitive function and comorbid psychiatric symptoms. CONCLUSIONS The youth subtypes in this study provide an important baseline characterization to subsequently understand how these neuropsychiatric relationships may change when substance use and other risk behaviours develop during adolescence. Implications for preventing and treating sleep problems associated with psychiatric comorbidity and neurocognitive dysfunctions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas C. Peiper
- Louisville Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Louisville, Kentucky
- Department of Epidemiology and Population, Health, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Ty A. Ridenour
- Substance Use Prevention, Evaluation, and Research Program, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
- Center for Education and Drug Abuse Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Diana H. Fishbein
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
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24
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Recognition of emotional facial expressions in adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Adolesc 2020; 82:1-10. [PMID: 32442797 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2020.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is associated with impaired social competencies, due in part to an inability to determine emotional states through facial expressions. Social interactions are a critical component of adolescence, which raises the question of how do adolescents with ADHD cope with this impairment. Yet, previous reviews do not distinguish between children and adolescents. This review focuses on the ability of adolescents (defined by the World Health Organization as 10-19 years old) with ADHD to recognize emotional facial expressions, when compared to their typically-developing peers. METHODS Comprehensive database search and analysis yielded 9 relevant studies published between 2008 and 2018. RESULTS The studies reviewed here examined recognition of emotional facial expressions in adolescents with ADHD. Behavioral measures (reaction time, reaction time variance and recognition accuracy) show no statistically significant differences between adolescents with ADHD and their typically-developing peers. However, neural responses as recorded using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) or Event Related Potentials (ERP) find differences in brain activity and the temporal evolution of the reaction between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Studies of children and of adults with ADHD find deficiencies in the recognition of emotional facial expressions. However, this review shows that adolescents with ADHD perform comparably to their peers on accuracy and rate, although their neural processing is different. This suggests that the methodologies employed by the ADHD and typically-developing adolescents to asses facial expressions are different. Further study is needed to determine what these may be.
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Bergwerff CE, Luman M, Weeda WD, Oosterlaan J. Neurocognitive Profiles in Children With ADHD and Their Predictive Value for Functional Outcomes. J Atten Disord 2019; 23:1567-1577. [PMID: 28135892 DOI: 10.1177/1087054716688533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined whether neurocognitive profiles could be distinguished in children with ADHD and typically developing (TD) children, and whether neurocognitive profiles predicted externalizing, social, and academic problems in children with ADHD. METHOD Neurocognitive data of 81 children with ADHD and 71 TD children were subjected to confirmatory factor analysis. The resulting factors were used for community detection in the ADHD and TD group. RESULTS Four subgroups were detected in the ADHD group, characterized by (a) poor emotion recognition, (b) poor interference control, (c) slow processing speed, or (d) increased attentional lapses and fast processing speed. In the TD group, three subgroups were detected, closely resembling Subgroups (a) to (c). Neurocognitive subgroups in the ADHD sample did not differ in externalizing, social, and academic problems. CONCLUSION We found a neurocognitive profile unique to ADHD. The clinical validity of neurocognitive profiling is questioned, given the lack of associations with functional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wouter D Weeda
- 1 Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,2 Leiden University, The Netherlands
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26
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Naz S, Najam N. Neurological deficits and comorbidity in children with reading disorder. PSYCHIAT CLIN PSYCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/24750573.2019.1589174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sajida Naz
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Najma Najam
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
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Borhani K, Nejati V. Emotional face recognition in individuals withattention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a review article. Dev Neuropsychol 2018; 43:256-277. [PMID: 29461118 DOI: 10.1080/87565641.2018.1440295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on facial emotion recognition (FER) in individuals with attention- deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Behavioral studies of FER in ADHD have resulted in inconsistent findings. Here, we discuss the factors that vary across studies and the way that they influence FER processes in ADHD. Across reviewed studies, fear was the most deficient facial expression to be recognized. Our review suggested that FER deficit in ADHD does not alleviate across development and is partially distinct from ADHD symptoms. In conclusion, assessment of FER in ADHD and targeting that in interventional plans could lead to social skills improvement in ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khatereh Borhani
- a Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences , Shahid Beheshti University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Vahid Nejati
- b Faculty of Education and Psychology, Department of Psychology , Shahid Beheshti University , Tehran , Iran
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Noordermeer SDS, Luman M, Greven CU, Veroude K, Faraone SV, Hartman CA, Hoekstra PJ, Franke B, Buitelaar JK, Heslenfeld DJ, Oosterlaan J. Structural Brain Abnormalities of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder With Oppositional Defiant Disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2017; 82:642-650. [PMID: 28911901 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with structural abnormalities in total gray matter, basal ganglia, and cerebellum. Findings of structural abnormalities in frontal and temporal lobes, amygdala, and insula are less consistent. Remarkably, the impact of comorbid oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) (comorbidity rates up to 60%) on these neuroanatomical differences is scarcely studied, while ODD (in combination with conduct disorder) has been associated with structural abnormalities of the frontal lobe, amygdala, and insula. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of comorbid ODD on cerebral volume and cortical thickness in ADHD. METHODS Three groups, 16 ± 3.5 years of age (mean ± SD; range 7-29 years), were studied on volumetric and cortical thickness characteristics using structural magnetic resonance imaging (surface-based morphometry): ADHD+ODD (n = 67), ADHD-only (n = 243), and control subjects (n = 233). Analyses included the moderators age, gender, IQ, and scan site. RESULTS ADHD+ODD and ADHD-only showed volumetric reductions in total gray matter and (mainly) frontal brain areas. Stepwise volumetric reductions (ADHD+ODD < ADHD-only < control subjects) were found for mainly frontal regions, and ADHD+ODD was uniquely associated with reductions in several structures (e.g., the precuneus). In general, findings remained significant after accounting for ADHD symptom severity. There were no group differences in cortical thickness. Exploratory voxelwise analyses showed no group differences. CONCLUSIONS ADHD+ODD and ADHD-only were associated with volumetric reductions in brain areas crucial for attention, (working) memory, and decision-making. Volumetric reductions of frontal lobes were largest in the ADHD+ODD group, possibly underlying observed larger impairments in neurocognitive functions. Previously reported striatal abnormalities in ADHD may be caused by comorbid conduct disorder rather than ODD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siri D S Noordermeer
- Section of Clinical Neuropsychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Marjolein Luman
- Section of Clinical Neuropsychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Corina U Greven
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Medical Research Council Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kim Veroude
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Stephen V Faraone
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York; K.G. Jebsen Center, Bergen, Norway
| | - Catharina A Hartman
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter J Hoekstra
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Franke
- Department of Human Genetics and Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan K Buitelaar
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk J Heslenfeld
- Section of Clinical Neuropsychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap Oosterlaan
- Section of Clinical Neuropsychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Glenn AL, Remmel RJ, Ong MY, Lim NSJ, Ang RP, Threadgill AH, Ryerson N, Raine A, Fung D, Ooi YP. Neurocognitive characteristics of youth with noncomorbid and comorbid forms of conduct disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Compr Psychiatry 2017. [PMID: 28636895 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Studies investigating neurocognitive deficits in youth with conduct disorder (CD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are often confounded by the high rates of comorbidity between the two. METHOD Neurocognitive functioning was examined in three diagnostic groups (ADHD only, CD only, comorbid ADHD and CD) matched by age, sex, IQ, and medication status (n=28-32 per group). RESULTS No significant differences emerged between the diagnostic groups on measures of risk-taking or response inhibition. Children with CD performed better on a measure of spatial planning than those with comorbid ADHD and CD, and dimensional analyses in the full sample (n=265) revealed a small association between ADHD symptoms and poorer spatial planning. CONCLUSION These results suggest that deficits in spatial planning may be more pronounced in individuals with ADHD, but that the neurocognitive functioning of youth with noncomorbid and comorbid CD and ADHD are largely similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L Glenn
- Center for the Prevention of Youth Behavior Problems, Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, USA.
| | - Rheanna J Remmel
- Center for the Prevention of Youth Behavior Problems, Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, USA
| | - Min Yee Ong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Nikki S J Lim
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore
| | - Rebecca P Ang
- Psychological Studies, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | | | | | - Adrian Raine
- Department of Criminology, University of Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniel Fung
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore
| | - Yoon Phaik Ooi
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore; Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Switzerland
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Bisch J, Kreifelts B, Bretscher J, Wildgruber D, Fallgatter A, Ethofer T. Emotion perception in adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2016; 123:961-70. [PMID: 26850439 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-016-1513-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study examined identification of emotional information in facial expression, prosody, and their combination in 23 adult patients with combined attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) versus 31 healthy controls (HC) matched for gender, age, and education. We employed a stimulus set which was carefully balanced for valence as well as recognizability of the expressed emotions as determined in an independent sample of HC to avoid potential biases due to different levels of task difficulty. ADHD patients were characterized by impaired recognition of all employed categories (neutral, happiness, eroticism, disgust, anger). Basic cognitive functions as assessed by neuropsychological testing, such as sustained attention, constancy of alertness, and verbal intelligence partially explained lower recognition rates. Removal of the correlated variance by means of regression analyses did not abolish lower performance in ADHD indicating deficits in social cognition independent of these neuropsychological factors (p < 0.05). Lower performance correlated with self-rated emotional intelligence (r = 0.38, p < 0.05) indicating that adults with ADHD are aware of their problems in emotion perception. ADHD patients could partly compensate their deficit in unimodal emotion perception by audiovisual integration as revealed by larger gains in emotion recognition accuracy during bimodal presentation (p < 0.05) as compared to HC. These behavioral results can serve as foundation for future neuroimaging studies and point rather towards sensory-specific regions than audiovisual integration areas in perception of emotional information in adult ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne Bisch
- Department of General Psychiatry, University of Tübingen, Calwer Straße 14, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Kreifelts
- Department of General Psychiatry, University of Tübingen, Calwer Straße 14, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Johannes Bretscher
- Department of General Psychiatry, University of Tübingen, Calwer Straße 14, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dirk Wildgruber
- Department of General Psychiatry, University of Tübingen, Calwer Straße 14, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Fallgatter
- Department of General Psychiatry, University of Tübingen, Calwer Straße 14, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Ethofer
- Department of General Psychiatry, University of Tübingen, Calwer Straße 14, 72076, Tübingen, Germany. .,Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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