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Dong C, Chen H, Li Y, Sun Y, Pan Y, Xu Q, Sun H. Patterns of Health-Risk Behaviours and Their Associations With Anxiety and Depression Among Chinese Young Adults by Gender: A Latent Class Analysis. Psychol Rep 2024:332941241258922. [PMID: 38842056 DOI: 10.1177/00332941241258922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated gender differences in health-risk behaviour patterns among young adults and assessed the associations of anxiety and depression with these patterns. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 1740 young Chinese adults aged 18-24 years. Latent class analysis (LCA) and multinomial logistic regression were conducted to identify the clusters of health-risk behaviours and their associations with anxiety and depression. Three common patterns were found for both genders: physical inactivity, substance use, and insufficient fruit intake (5.7% for males [M] and 11.6% for females [F]); a sedentary lifestyle only (48.4% for M and 48.9% for F); and a sedentary lifestyle, substance use, and an unhealthy diet (7.6% for M and 20.0% for F). Additionally, two additional unique patterns were found: physical inactivity and unhealthy diet in males (38.3%) and physical inactivity and insufficient fruit intake in females (19.6%). Sociodemographic variables exert different effects on health-risk behaviour patterns as a function of gender. Lower anxiety levels (odds ratio [OR]: 0.892; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.823-0.966) and greater depression levels (OR: 1.074; 95% CI: 1.008-1.143) were associated with a sedentary lifestyle, substance use, and unhealthy diet class only in female young adults compared with a sedentary-only class. These findings underscore the need for the implementation of targeted interventions based on gender differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Dong
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hua Chen
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Li
- Medical Informatics Center, Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yumei Sun
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yinzhu Pan
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qiongying Xu
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hongyu Sun
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Traitement chirurgical des malformations génitales de l’enfant- contexte juridique. BULLETIN DE L'ACADÉMIE NATIONALE DE MÉDECINE 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.banm.2022.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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3
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Babo SAY, Fokou G, Yapi RB, Mathew C, Dayoro AK, Kazwala RR, Bonfoh B. Gendered asymmetry of access to knowledge for brucellosis control among pastoral communities in north-west Côte d'Ivoire. PASTORALISM 2022; 12:28. [PMID: 35761971 PMCID: PMC9226107 DOI: 10.1186/s13570-022-00241-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is an infectious zoonotic disease considered as a threat to public health and pastoralist livelihoods. Symptoms of the disease can lead to gender-specific ailments such as abortions in women and orchitis in men. Pastoralists and their families are at high risk of contracting the disease. Access to health information reinforces existing knowledge and contributes to disease prevention. However, in developing countries, interventions for knowledge sharing on zoonotic diseases predominantly target men. This study aimed to describe mechanisms of knowledge production and transfer on brucellosis according to gender, by assessing the way knowledge affects behaviours of pastoral communities. A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among a pastoral community (PC) of the Folon region in north-west Côte d’Ivoire. The study included transhumant pastoralists, sedentary livestock owners, shepherds and their wives. By using mixed methods, 26 semi-structured interviews were conducted, and 320 questionnaires were completed. Statistical analysis with chi-square (χ2) comparison tests was performed to compare variables between men and women. Findings were interpreted through the concept of specialisation of the social exclusion theory. We found that gender influences access to information on brucellosis and transfer of knowledge on brucellosis appeared gender-biased, especially from veterinarians towards men in the community. The social labour division and interventions of veterinarians through awareness reinforce the knowledge gap on brucellosis between men and women. Men and women consume raw milk, whilst only men in general handle animal discharges with bare hands. To improve the control of brucellosis, knowledge on best practice should be shared with pastoral communities using the One Health approach that encourages mutual learning. Innovative strategies based on gender daily tasks such as safe dairy processing by women and safe animal husbandry to expand their herd for men can be the entry point for the prevention of brucellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephane A Y Babo
- Université Félix Houphouët Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.,Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Gilbert Fokou
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.,Human Sciences Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Richard B Yapi
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.,Centre d'Entomologie Médicale et Vétérinaire, Université Alassane Ouattara, Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire
| | | | | | | | - Bassirou Bonfoh
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
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Stock C, Prediger C, Hrynyschyn R, Helmer S. [School-based alcohol prevention with virtual reality]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2022; 65:823-828. [PMID: 35552470 PMCID: PMC9232464 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-022-03541-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Riskanter Alkoholkonsum ist bei Jugendlichen in Deutschland nach wie vor von hoher Public-Health-Relevanz, weshalb vorbeugend die Kompetenzen von Jugendlichen im Umgang mit Alkohol und Gruppendruck gefördert werden sollten. Interaktive und geschlechtssensible schulische Primärpräventionsangebote besitzen ein großes Potenzial, die Erreichbarkeit der Zielgruppe und die Effektivität von Interventionen zu fördern. Dabei können virtuelle Simulationen als digitales Medium genutzt werden. Virtual Reality (VR) ermöglicht die Erfahrung von risikobehafteten Situationen in sicherer Umgebung. International gibt es zwei Alkoholpräventionsprojekte für Jugendliche, die VR einsetzen. Die gemeinsame Entwicklung mit der Adressat*innengruppe war dabei ein bedeutendes Kernelement und es wurden bereits umfassende Untersuchungen zur Benutzungsfreundlichkeit sowie zur subjektiven Wirksamkeit durchgeführt. Gängige Effektivitätsevaluationen wie randomisierte kontrollierte Studien kommen bei interaktiven Formaten allerdings an ihre Grenzen, weshalb auch alternative und ergänzende Evaluationsansätze zukünftig eine Rolle spielen sollten. Zusätzlich muss untersucht werden, inwiefern VR-Simulationen auf Rezipient*innen zugeschnitten werden können. Hierbei ist die gendersensible Gestaltung gleichzeitig als Potenzial und als Herausforderung zu sehen. Auch in Deutschland sollte die Möglichkeit des Einsatzes von VR in der Alkoholprävention bei Jugendlichen vertiefend untersucht werden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Stock
- Institut für Gesundheits- und Pflegewissenschaft, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Deutschland.
| | - Christina Prediger
- Institut für Gesundheits- und Pflegewissenschaft, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Robert Hrynyschyn
- Institut für Gesundheits- und Pflegewissenschaft, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Stefanie Helmer
- Institut für Gesundheits- und Pflegewissenschaft, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Deutschland
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Rucker AC, Watson A, Badolato G, Boyle M, Hendrix C, Jarvis L, Patel SJ, Goyal MK. Predictors of Elevated Social Risk in Pediatric Emergency Department Patients and Families. Pediatr Emerg Care 2022; 38:e910-e917. [PMID: 34225329 DOI: 10.1097/pec.0000000000002489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify predictors of high unmet social needs among pediatric emergency department (ED) patients. We hypothesized that obesity, frequent nonurgent visits, reported food insecurity, or an at-risk chief complaint (CC) would predict elevated social risk. METHODS We administered a tablet-based survey assessing unmet social needs in 13 domains to caregivers of patients aged 0 to 17 years presenting to an urban pediatric ED. Responses were used to tabulate a social risk score (SRS). We performed multivariable logistic regression to measure associations between a high SRS (≥3) and obesity, frequent nonurgent visits, food insecurity, or an at-risk CC (physical abuse, sexual abuse, assault, mammalian bites, reproductive/sexual health complaints, intoxication, ingestion/poisoning, psychiatric/behavioral complaints, or any complaint triaged as "least urgent"). RESULTS Five hundred seventy caregivers completed the survey. Eighty-one percent reported at least one unmet social need, and 33% identified ≥3 social needs. Caregivers of patients with an at-risk CC had twice the odds of a high SRS (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0-3.3). Caregivers of patients reporting food insecurity had 4 times the odds of a high SRS (aOR, 4.3; 95% CI, 2.5-7.3). Neither obesity (aOR, 1.5; 95% CI, 0.9-2.6) nor frequent nonurgent visits (aOR, 0.9; 95% CI, 0.4-1.9) were predictive of a high SRS. CONCLUSIONS Unmet social needs are prevalent among caregivers of pediatric ED patients, supporting universal screening in this population. Patients with an at-risk CC or reported food insecurity might benefit from proactive intervention. Future studies should examine optimal methods for ED-based interventions that address social determinants of health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ar'Reon Watson
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Child and Human Development, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
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Abstract
Virtual Reality-simulations offer new opportunities for alcohol prevention in adolescents. As an innovative medium, Virtual Reality can be attractive for the target group, and avatar-based pathways allow tailoring prevention in a gender-specific manner. However, tailoring may reproduce gender stereotypes and be exclusive. Therefore, this systematic review aims to summaries existing evidence regarding Virtual Reality-simulations for alcohol prevention targeting adolescents and to examine how gender is considered. A systematic search was conducted in seven databases. Two reviewers independently performed screening, data extraction, and quality assessment. Out of 224 search hits, four publications derived out of an Australian, a Danish, and a US-American project met the inclusion criteria. Research designs included qualitative (2), quantitative (1), and mixed-method approaches (1). Qualitative methods focused on development, evaluation, and participatory methods in the creation process, demonstrating adolescents’ involvement in Virtual Reality design. Adolescents appreciated the realism and the exposure to peer pressure and to negative alcohol consequences. Quantitative designs focused mainly on measuring alcohol-related outcomes (e.g., attitude and behavioral intentions towards binge drinking), and positive changes were found. In all studies, gender was assessed in the male-female dichotomy. Further gender-sensitive research is needed to develop and test the possibilities and pitfalls of tailoring Virtual Reality-simulations.
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Schluchter H, Nauman AT, Ludwig S, Regitz-Zagrosek V, Seeland U. Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis on Sex and Gender in Preparatory Material for National Medical Examination in Germany and the United States. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL EDUCATION AND CURRICULAR DEVELOPMENT 2020; 7:2382120519894253. [PMID: 32363236 PMCID: PMC7180954 DOI: 10.1177/2382120519894253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sex- and gender-based medicine (SGBM) should be a mandatory part of medical education. We compared the quantity and quality of sex- and gender-related content of e-learning materials commonly used by German and American medical students while preparing for national medical examinations. METHODS Quantitative, line-by-line analysis of the preparatory materials AMBOSS 2017 and USMLE Step 1 Lecture Notes (2017) by KAPLAN MEDICAL was performed between April and October 2017. Subjects were allocated to one of the three main fields: clinical subjects, behavioral and social science, and pharmacology. Qualitative analysis comprised binary categorization into sex- and gender-based aspects and qualification with respect to the presence of a pathophysiological explanation for the sex or gender difference. RESULTS In relation to the total content of AMBOSS and KAPLAN, the sex- and gender-based share of the clinical subjects content was 26.8% (±8.2) in AMBOSS and 21.1% (±10.2) in KAPLAN. The number of sex- and gender-based aspects in the behavioral and social science learning material differed significantly for AMBOSS and KAPLAN (4.4% ± 3.1% vs 10.7% ± 7.5%; P = .044). Most of the sex- and gender-related content covered sex differences. Most learning cards and texts did not include a detailed pathophysiological explanation for sex- or gender-based aspects. The knowledge provided in the preparatory documents represents only a small part of facts that are already known about sex and gender differences. CONCLUSIONS The preparatory materials focused almost exclusively on biological sex differences and the sociocultural dimension in particular is underrepresented. A lot more evidence-based facts are known and should be integrated into the materials to reflect the importance of SGBM as an integral component of patient-centered medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Schluchter
- Institute of Gender in Medicine (GiM), Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Ahmad T Nauman
- Institute of Gender in Medicine (GiM), Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabine Ludwig
- Institute of Medical Sociology and Rehabilitation, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Vera Regitz-Zagrosek
- Institute of Gender in Medicine (GiM), Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
- Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR), Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Germany
| | - Ute Seeland
- Institute of Gender in Medicine (GiM), Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Germany
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8
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Etopio AL, Devereux P, Crowder M. Perceived campus safety as a mediator of the link between gender and mental health in a national U.S. college sample. Women Health 2018; 59:703-717. [DOI: 10.1080/03630242.2018.1549646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aubrey L. Etopio
- Interdisciplinary Social Psychology Department, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Paul Devereux
- Interdisciplinary Social Psychology Department, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Marisa Crowder
- Interdisciplinary Social Psychology Department, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, USA
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9
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Fekadu F, Beyene TJ, Beyi AF, Edao BM, Tufa TB, Woldemariyam FT, Gutema FD. Risk Perceptions and Protective Behaviors Toward Bovine Tuberculosis Among Abattoir and Butcher Workers in Ethiopia. Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:169. [PMID: 30087901 PMCID: PMC6066543 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine Tuberculosis (BTB) is a serious cause of economic losses and public health threat, especially in developing countries. Humans acquire BTB through consumption of raw or undercooked meat, inhalation of aerosol and occupational exposure. A cross-disciplinary approach to study diseases connecting society and biology helps to understand the ways in which social, cultural, behavioral, and economic circumstances influence a healthy life. The objective of this study was to assess the risk perceptions and protective behaviors toward BTB among abattoir and butcher workers in central Ethiopia. A health belief model was used to generate the desired data following health belief model constructs. A total of 300 meat handlers working in local abattoirs, export abattoirs and butcher houses in Bishoftu, Modjo, Dukem, and Akaki towns of central Ethiopia were selected using a systematic random sampling method. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis were used to assess factors associated with risk of exposure to BTB through the consumption of raw meat. The results showed that among the study participants, 95% heard about BTB and 93% knew that eating raw meat could be a source of BTB for humans. More than 62.7% of the respondents in the high risk group strongly agreed that contracting BTB would prevent them from coming to work, keep them in bed for an extended period of time and cause death. The majority of the respondents believed that free provision of personal protective clothing, compensation with test and slaughter campaigns, television and radio advertisements, educational programs and government-imposed penalties would help in prevention of BTB. Despite the high perceived severity and risk perception, the multivarable logistic regression model showed low-risk protective behavior among male (OR: 2.3, 95% CI: 1.2–4.3) and older age (>30) individuals (OR: 14.4 95% CI: 2.1–125.8). The study also noted the importance of media for health education as means for prevention of BTB. The authors strongly recommended the need of promotion of behavioral change toward the consumption of raw meat wich would have potential implications for the public health impacts of zoonotic tuberculosis and ultimately help national and global efforts toward prevention and control of tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fikre Fekadu
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
| | - Tariku Jibat Beyene
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu, Ethiopia.,Centre for Outcomes Research and Epidemiology, Department of Diagnostic Medicine, Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Ashenafi Feyisa Beyi
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu, Ethiopia.,Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Bedaso Mammo Edao
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu, Ethiopia.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Takele Beyene Tufa
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
| | - Fanos Tadesse Woldemariyam
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu, Ethiopia.,Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Fanta Desissa Gutema
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu, Ethiopia.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Barolia R, Clark AM, Higginbottom G. Exploring the impact of gender inequities on the promotion of cardiovascular health of women in Pakistan. Nurs Inq 2016; 24. [PMID: 27500594 DOI: 10.1111/nin.12148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease exerts an enormous burden on women's health. The intake of a healthy diet may reduce this burden. However, social norms and economic constraints are often factors that restrain women from paying attention to their diet. Underpinned by critical realism, this study explores how gender/sex influences decision-making regarding food consumption among women of low socioeconomic status (SES). The study was carried out at two cardiac facilities in Karachi, Pakistan, on 24 participants (male and female from different ethnic backgrounds), who had received health education. Using an interpretive descriptive approach, the study identified major barriers to a healthy diet: proscribed gender roles and lack of women's autonomy, power, male domination, and abusive behaviours. Cardiovascular risk and disease outcomes for the Pakistani women of low SES are likely to further escalate if individual and structural barriers are not reduced using multifactorial approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubina Barolia
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Alexander M Clark
- Faculty of Nursing, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Gina Higginbottom
- Mary Seacole Professor of Ethnicity and Community Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Hu W, Lu J. Associations of chronic conditions, APOE4 allele, stress factors, and health behaviors with self-rated health. BMC Geriatr 2015; 15:137. [PMID: 26503029 PMCID: PMC4623290 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-015-0132-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Self-rated health (SRH) has been widely used to measure the overall health status of older adults. Research has shown that SRH is determined by a large array of factors, such as chronic disease conditions, genetic markers (e.g., Apolipoprotein E, APOE, NM_000041), stress factors, and health behaviors. However, few studies have incorporated these factors simultaneously in the analytic framework of SRH. The aim of this study is to examine the associations of these four sets of factors with SRH. Methods Using a dataset from a population-based, random-cluster survey of 1,005 elderly respondents aged 54–91 conducted in Taiwan in 2000, we use logistic regressions to examine associations of chronic health conditions, the APOE4 allele stress factors, and health behaviors with SRH. The four disease conditions include diabetes, heart diseases, gastric ulcers, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Stress factors are measured by traumatic events (having an earthquake-damaged house) and chronic life stress (financial difficulty). Health behaviors include smoking, drinking alcohol, vegetable and fruit intake, daily milk intake, and physical exercise. Results Diabetes, heart diseases, gastric ulcers, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are found to be associated with 2.63 (95 % CI: 1.75–3.95), 1.72 (95 % CI: 1.15–2.58), 1.94 (95 % CI: 1.35–2.80), and 2.54 (95 % CI: 1.66–3.92) odds ratios of poor SRH. The APOE4 allele is found to be significantly associated with poor SRH with odd ratio of 1.58 (95 % CI: 1.02–2.41). Financial difficulty is associated with increased likelihood of poor SRH, with odds ratios of 1.76 (95 % CI: 1.22–2.54) Doing exercise more than 5 times per week are associated with reduced likelihood of poor SRH by 44 % (odds ratio is 0.56, 95 % CI: 0.39–1.82). The interaction term between gender and gastric ulcer showed that the impact of gastric ulcer on SRH is more pronounced in women than in men, with an odds ratio of 2.63 (95 % CI: 1.24–5.58). Conclusions Chronic conditions and the APOE4 allele are significantly associated with increased likelihood of reporting poor health, and the associations appear differently among women and men. To better understand the mechanism of how people self-assess their overall health, chronic conditions and genetic components should be considered together with conventional factors such as life stress and health behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Hu
- Department of Social Work, Zhou Enlai School of Government, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China. .,Department of Sociology, the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Jiehua Lu
- Department of Sociology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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Hambolu D, Freeman J, Taddese HB. Predictors of bovine TB risk behaviour amongst meat handlers in Nigeria: a cross-sectional study guided by the health belief model. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56091. [PMID: 23409127 PMCID: PMC3569413 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bovine Tuberculosis (bTB) is still a serious public health threat in developing countries. The aim of this study is to determine the social and cognitive factors predicting one of the risk behaviours amongst meat handlers in Nigeria, namely, eating Fuku Elegusi. This is the practice of eating the visibly infected parts of the lung in-order to convince customers to buy meat. The study is guided by the health belief model (HBM). METHODS This is a cross-sectional study of 349 randomly selected meat handlers in Oko-Oba Abattoir, in Lagos State. Descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression analysis were employed to determine perceptions and prevalence of risk behaviours and to identify predictors of eating Fuku Elegusi. RESULTS Just over a quarter (28.1%) of the study participants knew that eating Fuku Elegusi could be a source of bTB in humans. The prevalence of eating Fuku Elegusi was found to be 22%. Across all knowledge indicators related to bTB, those who don't eat Fuku Elegusi exhibited better knowledge. Strong predictors of eating Fuku Elegusi were: being male (OR: 2.39, 95% CI: 1.10 to 5.19; p = 0.03), not knowing that eating Fuku Elegusi exposes to bTB (OR: 3.72, 95% CI: 1.69 to 8.22; p = 0.001), and the perception that one cannot sell meat without tasting it (perceived barrier) (OR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.13 to 1.60; p = 0.001). Lower risk of eating Fuku Elegusi was predicted by perceived susceptibility to bTB due to another risk behaviour, namely, not washing hands after handling meat (OR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.64 to 0.96; p-value = 0.021). Television and radio were the most acceptable media for TB prevention messages (78.5% and 75.6% respectively). CONCLUSION Meat handlers in developing countries bear high risk to bTB owing to prevailing social and cognition determinants. Findings were largely consistent with the propositions of HBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dupe Hambolu
- Federal Department of Livestock and Pest Control Services, Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Jenny Freeman
- School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Henock B. Taddese
- School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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13
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Cho I, Ahn S, Kim SY, Park YS, Kim HW, Lee SO, Lee SH, Chung CW. [Depression of married and employed women based on social-role theory]. J Korean Acad Nurs 2013; 42:496-507. [PMID: 22972210 DOI: 10.4040/jkan.2012.42.4.496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was based on social-role theory, and purposes were to investigate (1) how depression and health determinants vary with married and employed women, and (2) what factors contribute to depression according to family cycle. METHODS A stratified convenience sample of 765 married and employed women was recruited during May to August 2010. Study variables of depression, socio-demographic threatening factors, psycho-stimulating factors, and social-role related factors were measured via a structured questionnaire. RESULTS Prevalence rate for depression was 18.6%, with highest rate (25.4%) from elementary laborers. Greater levels of depression were related to women's occupation, higher life stress, and poorer health; lower social support and vulnerable personality; higher levels of social-role related stress. From multivariate analysis, women with preadolescents were the most vulnerable to depression affected by occupation, life stress, personality, and parenting stress. These factors (except for occupational class) combined with economic status, social support, and housework unfairness were significant for depression in women with adolescents. CONCLUSION Depression among married and employed women differs by psycho-stimulating and social role relevant factors in addition to occupational class and family life cycle. Female elementary laborers and women with children need to have the highest prioritization for community mental health programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Insook Cho
- Department of Nursing, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
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14
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MacDonald SE, Newburn-Cook CV, Allen M, Reutter L. Embracing the population health framework in nursing research. Nurs Inq 2012; 20:30-41. [DOI: 10.1111/nin.12017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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15
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Patsch JM, Deutschmann J, Pietschmann P. Gender aspects of osteoporosis and bone strength. Wien Med Wochenschr 2011; 161:117-23. [PMID: 21461801 DOI: 10.1007/s10354-011-0891-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2010] [Accepted: 02/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Although postmenopausal and elderly women are more frequently affected by osteoporosis, men are not protected from the disease. Age-related osteoporosis involves several gender-specific clinical aspects such as disease onset time and different dynamics of bone loss. Men benefit from larger bones and a time-delay of age-related changes in bone density and quality. Moreover, secondary osteoporosis is more common in males than in females. High-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) and high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HR-MRI) represent novel research tools for a noninvasive quantification of bone microstructure which is of interest for musculoskeletal gender studies. For optimal design of such studies, researchers should be aware of technical pitfalls and site-specificity of bone microstructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina M Patsch
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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16
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Hunt-Shanks T, Blanchard C, Reid R, Fortier M, Cappelli M. A psychometric evaluation of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale in cardiac patients: Addressing factor structure and gender invariance. Br J Health Psychol 2011; 15:97-114. [DOI: 10.1348/135910709x432745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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17
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Dworkin SL, Dunbar MS, Krishnan S, Hatcher AM, Sawires S. Uncovering tensions and capitalizing on synergies in HIV/AIDS and antiviolence programs. Am J Public Health 2010; 101:995-1003. [PMID: 21164091 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2009.191106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Research frequently points to the need to empower women to effectively combat the twin epidemics of HIV/AIDS and gender-based violence. Simultaneously, there has been increased attention given to working with men in gender equality efforts. The latter approach intervenes on masculinities as part of the fight against HIV/AIDS and violence. No research has considered these 2 lines of work side by side to address several important questions: What are the points of overlap, and the tensions and contradictions between these 2 approaches? What are the limitations and unintended consequences of each? We analyzed these 2 parallel research trends and made suggestions for how to capitalize on the synergies that come from bolstering each position with the strengths of the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shari L Dworkin
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences and the Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0612, USA.
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18
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Levinson D, Ifrah A. The robustness of the gender effect on help seeking for mental health needs in three subcultures in Israel. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2010; 45:337-44. [PMID: 19513571 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-009-0079-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2009] [Accepted: 05/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examines the extent to which gender differences in use of services in three subcultures in Israel can be accounted for by the psychosocial differences between women and men, and by differences in the prevalence of common psychiatric disorders and levels of distress. METHOD A representative sample extracted from the National Population Register of non-institutionalized residents aged 21 or older of Israel was used in this cross-sectional survey. Data on health, use of services and socio demographic background were collected using face-to-face computer-assisted interviews. DSM-IV disorders were assessed using the WMH-CIDI. RESULTS Gender effects in the three different subcultures remained significant in predicting the use of services for mental health purposes after adjustment for educational level, family status, chronic illness, experience of violence, presence of mental disorder and psychological distress. CONCLUSION The higher rates of help seeking in women could not be explained by psychosocial differences and are likely related to women's greater readiness to articulate and communicate distress.
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19
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Gender-specific differences in stroke knowledge, stroke risk perception and the effects of an educational multimedia campaign. J Neurol 2009; 257:367-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s00415-009-5326-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2009] [Revised: 08/31/2009] [Accepted: 09/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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Oliffe J, Grewal S, Bottorff J, Hislop T, Phillips M, Dhesi J, Kang H. Connecting masculinities and physical activity among senior South Asian Canadian immigrant men. CRITICAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/09581590902951605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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21
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22
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Is the Utilization of MID Services affected by the Implementation of Insurance Coverage?: Based on Claim Data of a General Hospital. HEALTH POLICY AND MANAGEMENT 2008. [DOI: 10.4332/kjhpa.2008.18.2.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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23
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Chernomas WM, Clarke DE, Marchinko S. Relationship-based support for women living with serious mental illness. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2008; 29:437-53. [PMID: 18437605 DOI: 10.1080/01612840801981108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Relationships are critical to a woman's growth and development, yet when living with serious mental illness, developing and nurturing connections can be challenging. This qualitative study explored the nature and quality of support provided within relationships for 14 women with schizophrenia. Families were key supporters. Female friends with mental illness often provided a meaningful source of connection for participants. Problematic relationships, losses over time, and living in poverty were among the barriers to receiving needed support. Participants conveyed a sense of wanting relational reciprocity as they talked about their relationships and place within the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanda M Chernomas
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. wanda
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24
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Möller-Leimkühler AM. Gender differences in cardiovascular disease and comorbid depression. DIALOGUES IN CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 2007. [PMID: 17506227 PMCID: PMC3181845 DOI: 10.31887/dcns.2007.9.1/ammoeller] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although gender is increasingly perceived as a key determinant in health and illness, systematic gender studies in medicine are still lacking. For a long time, cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been seen as a “male” disease, due to men's higher absolute risk compared with women, but the relative risk in women of CVD morbidity and mortality is actually higher: Current knowledge points to important gender differences in age of onset, symptom presentation, management, and outcome, as well as traditional and psychosocial risk factors. Compared with men, CVD risk in women is increased to a greater extent by some traditional factors (eg, diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, obesity,) and socioeconomic and psychosocial factors also seem to have a higher impact on CVD in women. With respect la differences in CVD management, a gender bias in favor of men has to be taken into account, in spite of greater age and higher comorbidity in women, possibly contributing to a poorer outcome. Depression has been shown to be an independent risk factor and consequence of CVD; however, concerning gender differences, The results have been inconsistent. Current evidence suggests that depression causes a greater increase in CVD incidence in women, and that female CVD patients experience higher levels of depression than men. Gensier aspects should be more intensively considered, both in further research on gender differences in comorbid depresion, and in cardiac treatment and rehabilitation, with the goal of making secondary prevention more effective.
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