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Ferreira NB, Dias CT, Chaaban AFA, Beserra-Filho JIA, Ribeiro AM, Lambertucci RH, Mendes-da-Silva C. Improving dietary patterns in obese mice: Effects on body weight, adiposity, anhedonia-like behavior, pro-BDNF expression and 5-HT system. Brain Res 2024; 1838:148996. [PMID: 38744387 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The excessive fat accumulation in obesity, resulting from an unbalanced diet, can lead to metabolic and neurological disorders and increase the risk of developing anxiety and depression. AIM Assess the impact of dietary intervention (DI) on the serotonergic system, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression and behaviors of obese mice. METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice, 5 weeks old, received a high-fat diet (HFD) for 10 weeks for the induction of obesity. After this period, for 8 weeks, half of these animals received a control diet (CD), group obese (OB) + control diet (OB + CD, n = 10), and another half continued being fed HFD, group obese + HFD (OB + HFD, n = 10). At the end of the eighth week of intervention, behavioral tests were performed (sucrose preference test, open field, novel object recognition, elevated plus maze and tail suspension). Body weight and food intake were assessed weekly. Visceral adiposity, the hippocampal and hypothalamic protein expression of BDNF, 5-HT1A (5-HT1A serotonin receptor) and TPH2 (key enzyme in serotonin synthesis), were evaluated after euthanasia. RESULTS The dietary intervention involved changing from a HFD to a CD over an 8-week period, effectively reduced body weight gain, adiposity, and anhedonia-like behavior. In the OB + HFD group, we saw a lower sucrose preference and shorter traveled distance in the open field, along with increased pro-BDNF expression in the hypothalamus compared to the OB + CD mice. However, the levels of TPH2 and 5-HT1A remained unchanged. CONCLUSION The HFD model induced both obesity and anhedonia, but the dietary intervention successfully improved these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoly Bédia Ferreira
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Nutrition, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo/UNIFESP, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Clarissa Tavares Dias
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Nutrition, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo/UNIFESP, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Flávia Alves Chaaban
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Nutrition, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo/UNIFESP, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - José Ivo Araújo Beserra-Filho
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Bioprospecting of Natural Products, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo/UNIFESP, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Mussi Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Bioprospecting of Natural Products, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo/UNIFESP, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael Herling Lambertucci
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Nutrition, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo/UNIFESP, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Mendes-da-Silva
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Nutrition, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo/UNIFESP, Santos, SP, Brazil.
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Khatun A, Panchali T, Gorai S, Dutta A, Das TK, Ghosh K, Pradhan S, Mondal KC, Chakrabarti S. Impaired brain equanimity and neurogenesis in the diet-induced overweight mouse: a preventive role by syringic acid treatment. Nutr Neurosci 2024; 27:271-288. [PMID: 36947578 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2023.2187510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this study mice were fed a high-fat diet for 12 weeks to establish diet-induced obesity and syringic acid (SA) was assessed for anti-obese, neuroprotective, and neurogenesis. METHOD Animals were given HFD for 12 weeks to measure metabolic characteristics and then put through the Barns-maze and T-maze tests to measure memory. Additionally, the physiology of the blood-brain barrier, oxidative stress parameters, the expression of inflammatory genes, neurogenesis, and histopathology was evaluated in the brain. RESULT DIO raised body weight, BMI, and other metabolic parameters after 12 weeks of overfeeding. A reduced spontaneous alternation in behavior (working memory, reference memory, and total time to complete a task), decreased enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, oxidative biomarkers, increased neurogenesis, and impaired blood-brain barrier were all seen in DIO mice. SA (50 mg/kg) treatment of DIO mice (4 weeks after 8 weeks of HFD feeding) reduced diet-induced changes in lipid parameters associated with obesity, hepatological parameters, memory, blood-brain barrier, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and neurogenesis. SA also reduced the impact of malondialdehyde and enhanced the effects of antioxidants such as glutathione, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and total thiol (MDA). Syringic acid improved neurogenesis, cognition, and the blood-brain barrier while reducing neurodegeneration in the hippocampal area. DISCUSSION According to the results of the study, syringic acid therapy prevented neurodegeneration, oxidative stress, DIO, and memory loss. Syringic acid administration may be a useful treatment for obesity, memory loss, and neurogenesis, but more research and clinical testing is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Khatun
- Department of Biological Sciences, Midnapore City College, Paschim Medinipur, India
| | - Titli Panchali
- Department of Paramedical & Allied Health Science, Midnapore City College, Paschim Medinipur, India
| | - Sukhamoy Gorai
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ananya Dutta
- Department of Paramedical & Allied Health Science, Midnapore City College, Paschim Medinipur, India
| | - Tridip Kumar Das
- Department of Biological Sciences, Midnapore City College, Paschim Medinipur, India
| | - Kuntal Ghosh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Midnapore City College, Paschim Medinipur, India
| | - Shrabani Pradhan
- Department of Paramedical & Allied Health Science, Midnapore City College, Paschim Medinipur, India
| | | | - Sudipta Chakrabarti
- Department of Biological Sciences, Midnapore City College, Paschim Medinipur, India
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Baer SB, Dorn AD, Osborne DM. Sex differences in response to obesity and caloric restriction on cognition and hippocampal measures of autophagic-lysosomal transcripts and signaling pathways. BMC Neurosci 2024; 25:1. [PMID: 38166559 PMCID: PMC10759648 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-023-00840-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity rates in the U.S. continue to increase, with nearly 50% of the population being either obese or morbidly obese. Obesity, along with female sex, are leading risk factors for sporadic Alzheimer's Disease (AD) necessitating the need to better understand how these variables impact cellular function independent of age or genetic mutations. Animal and clinical studies both indicate that autophagy-lysosomal pathway (ALP) dysfunction is among the earliest known cellular systems to become perturbed in AD, preceding cognitive decline, yet little is known about how obesity and sex affects these cellular functions in the hippocampus, a brain region uniquely susceptible to the negative effects of obesity. We hypothesized that obesity would negatively affect key markers of ALP in the hippocampus, effects would vary based on sex, and that caloric restriction would counteract obesity effects. METHODS Female and male mice were placed on an obesogenic diet for 10 months, at which point half were switched to caloric restriction for three months, followed by cognitive testing in the Morris watermaze. Hippocampus was analyzed by western blot and qPCR. RESULTS Cognitive function in female mice responded differently to caloric restriction based on whether they were on a normal or obesogenic diet; male cognition was only mildly affected by caloric restriction and not obesity. Significant male-specific changes occurred in cellular markers of autophagy, including obesity increasing pAkt, Slc38a9, and Atg12, while caloric restriction reduced pRPS6 and increased Atg7. In contrast females experienced changes due to diet/caloric restriction predominately in lysosomal markers including increased TFE3, FLCN, FNIP2, and pAMPK. CONCLUSIONS Results support that hippocampal ALP is a target of obesity and that sex shapes molecular responses, while providing insight into how dietary manipulations affect learning and memory based on sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadie B Baer
- R.S. Dow Neurobiology, Legacy Research Institute, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Adrianah D Dorn
- R.S. Dow Neurobiology, Legacy Research Institute, Portland, OR, USA
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Jörgensen SK, Karnošová A, Mazzaferro S, Rowley O, Chen HJC, Robbins SJ, Christofides S, Merkle FT, Maletínská L, Petrik D. An analogue of the Prolactin Releasing Peptide reduces obesity and promotes adult neurogenesis. EMBO Rep 2024; 25:351-377. [PMID: 38177913 PMCID: PMC10897398 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-023-00016-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypothalamic Adult Neurogenesis (hAN) has been implicated in regulating energy homeostasis. Adult-generated neurons and adult Neural Stem Cells (aNSCs) in the hypothalamus control food intake and body weight. Conversely, diet-induced obesity (DIO) by high fat diets (HFD) exerts adverse influence on hAN. However, the effects of anti-obesity compounds on hAN are not known. To address this, we administered a lipidized analogue of an anti-obesity neuropeptide, Prolactin Releasing Peptide (PrRP), so-called LiPR, to mice. In the HFD context, LiPR rescued the survival of adult-born hypothalamic neurons and increased the number of aNSCs by reducing their activation. LiPR also rescued the reduction of immature hippocampal neurons and modulated calcium dynamics in iPSC-derived human neurons. In addition, some of these neurogenic effects were exerted by another anti-obesity compound, Liraglutide. These results show for the first time that anti-obesity neuropeptides influence adult neurogenesis and suggest that the neurogenic process can serve as a target of anti-obesity pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alena Karnošová
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, 12108, Czech Republic
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 16610, Czech Republic
| | - Simone Mazzaferro
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Wellcome-MRC Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Oliver Rowley
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Hsiao-Jou Cortina Chen
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Wellcome-MRC Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Sarah J Robbins
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
| | | | - Florian T Merkle
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Wellcome-MRC Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Lenka Maletínská
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 16610, Czech Republic
| | - David Petrik
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK.
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Mengr A, Strnadová V, Strnad Š, Vrkoslav V, Pelantová H, Kuzma M, Comptdaer T, Železná B, Kuneš J, Galas MC, Pačesová A, Maletínská L. Feeding High-Fat Diet Accelerates Development of Peripheral and Central Insulin Resistance and Inflammation and Worsens AD-like Pathology in APP/PS1 Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:3690. [PMID: 37686722 PMCID: PMC10490051 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive brain disorder characterized by extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques, intracellular neurofibrillary tangles formed by hyperphosphorylated Tau protein and neuroinflammation. Previous research has shown that obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus, underlined by insulin resistance (IR), are risk factors for neurodegenerative disorders. In this study, obesity-induced peripheral and central IR and inflammation were studied in relation to AD-like pathology in the brains and periphery of APP/PS1 mice, a model of Aβ pathology, fed a high-fat diet (HFD). APP/PS1 mice and their wild-type controls fed either a standard diet or HFD were characterized at the ages of 3, 6 and 10 months by metabolic parameters related to obesity via mass spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry to quantify how obesity affected AD pathology. The HFD induced substantial peripheral IR leading to central IR. APP/PS1-fed HFD mice had more pronounced IR, glucose intolerance and liver steatosis than their WT controls. The HFD worsened Aβ pathology in the hippocampi of APP/PS1 mice and significantly supported both peripheral and central inflammation. This study reveals a deleterious effect of obesity-related mild peripheral inflammation and prediabetes on the development of Aβ and Tau pathology and neuroinflammation in APP/PS1 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mengr
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, Prague 6, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.M.); (V.S.); (Š.S.); (V.V.); (B.Ž.); (J.K.)
| | - Veronika Strnadová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, Prague 6, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.M.); (V.S.); (Š.S.); (V.V.); (B.Ž.); (J.K.)
| | - Štěpán Strnad
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, Prague 6, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.M.); (V.S.); (Š.S.); (V.V.); (B.Ž.); (J.K.)
| | - Vladimír Vrkoslav
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, Prague 6, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.M.); (V.S.); (Š.S.); (V.V.); (B.Ž.); (J.K.)
| | - Helena Pelantová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Prague 4, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (H.P.); (M.K.)
| | - Marek Kuzma
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Prague 4, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (H.P.); (M.K.)
| | - Thomas Comptdaer
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, CNRS, LilNCog-Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, F-59000 Lille, France; (T.C.); (M.-C.G.)
| | - Blanka Železná
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, Prague 6, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.M.); (V.S.); (Š.S.); (V.V.); (B.Ž.); (J.K.)
| | - Jaroslav Kuneš
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, Prague 6, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.M.); (V.S.); (Š.S.); (V.V.); (B.Ž.); (J.K.)
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Prague 4, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marie-Christine Galas
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, CNRS, LilNCog-Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, F-59000 Lille, France; (T.C.); (M.-C.G.)
| | - Andrea Pačesová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, Prague 6, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.M.); (V.S.); (Š.S.); (V.V.); (B.Ž.); (J.K.)
| | - Lenka Maletínská
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, Prague 6, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.M.); (V.S.); (Š.S.); (V.V.); (B.Ž.); (J.K.)
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He Y, Wang Q, Wu H, Dong Y, Peng Z, Guo X, Jiang N. The role of IGF-1 in exercise to improve obesity-related cognitive dysfunction. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1229165. [PMID: 37638322 PMCID: PMC10447980 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1229165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an important factor that threatens human health. The occurrence of many chronic diseases is related to obesity, and cognitive function decline often occurs with the onset of obesity. With the further prevalence of obesity, it is bound to lead to a wider range of cognitive dysfunction (ORCD). Therefore, it is crucial to suppress ORCD through intervention. In this regard, exercise has been shown to be effective in preventing obesity and improving cognitive function as a non-drug treatment. There is sufficient evidence that exercise has a regulatory effect on a growth factor closely related to cognitive function-insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). IGF-1 may be an important mediator in improving ORCD through exercise. This article reviews the effects of obesity and IGF-1 on cognitive function and the regulation of exercise on IGF-1. It analyzes the mechanism by which exercise can improve ORCD by regulating IGF-1. Overall, this review provides evidence from relevant animal studies and human studies, showing that exercise plays a role in improving ORCD. It emphasizes the importance of IGF-1, which helps to understand the health effects of exercise and promotes research on the treatment of ORCD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ning Jiang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, China
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Ehlers JS, Bracke K, von Bohlen Und Halbach V, Siegerist F, Endlich N, von Bohlen Und Halbach O. Morphological and behavioral analysis of Slc35f1-deficient mice revealed no neurodevelopmental phenotype. Brain Struct Funct 2023; 228:895-906. [PMID: 36951990 PMCID: PMC10147817 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-023-02629-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
SLC35F1 is a member of the sugar-like carrier (SLC) superfamily that is expressed in the mammalian brain. Malfunction of SLC35F1 in humans is associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. To get insight into the possible roles of Slc35f1 in the brain, we generated Slc35f1-deficient mice. The Slc35f1-deficient mice are viable and survive into adulthood, which allowed examining adult Slc35f1-deficient mice on the anatomical as well as behavioral level. In humans, mutation in the SLC35F1 gene can induce a Rett syndrome-like phenotype accompanied by intellectual disability (Fede et al. Am J Med Genet A 185:2238-2240, 2021). The Slc35f1-deficient mice, however, display only a very mild phenotype and no obvious deficits in learning and memory as, e.g., monitored with the novel object recognition test or the Morris water maze test. Moreover, neuroanatomical parameters of neuronal plasticity (as dendritic spines and adult hippocampal neurogenesis) are also unaltered. Thus, Slc35f1-deficient mice display no major alterations that resemble a neurodevelopmental phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Sophie Ehlers
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Friedrich Loeffler Str. 23C, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Katharina Bracke
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Friedrich Loeffler Str. 23C, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Viola von Bohlen Und Halbach
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Friedrich Loeffler Str. 23C, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Florian Siegerist
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Friedrich Loeffler Str. 23C, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nicole Endlich
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Friedrich Loeffler Str. 23C, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Oliver von Bohlen Und Halbach
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Friedrich Loeffler Str. 23C, 17487, Greifswald, Germany.
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von Bohlen Und Halbach O. Neurotrophic Factors and Dendritic Spines. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 34:223-254. [PMID: 37962797 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-36159-3_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic spines are highly dynamic structures that play important roles in neuronal plasticity. The morphologies and the numbers of dendritic spines are highly variable, and this diversity is correlated with the different morphological and physiological features of this neuronal compartment. Dendritic spines can change their morphology and number rapidly, allowing them to adapt to plastic changes. Neurotrophic factors play important roles in the brain during development. However, these factors are also necessary for a variety of processes in the postnatal brain. Neurotrophic factors, especially members of the neurotrophin family and the ephrin family, are involved in the modulation of long-lasting effects induced by neuronal plasticity by acting on dendritic spines, either directly or indirectly. Thereby, the neurotrophic factors play important roles in processes attributed, for example, to learning and memory.
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Bühler D, Power Guerra N, Müller L, Wolkenhauer O, Düffer M, Vollmar B, Kuhla A, Wolfien M. Leptin deficiency-caused behavioral change - A comparative analysis using EthoVision and DeepLabCut. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1052079. [PMID: 37034162 PMCID: PMC10079875 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1052079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Obese rodents e.g., the leptin-deficient (ob/ob) mouse exhibit remarkable behavioral changes and are therefore ideal models for evaluating mental disorders resulting from obesity. In doing so, female as well as male ob/ob mice at 8, 24, and 40 weeks of age underwent two common behavioral tests, namely the Open Field test and Elevated Plus Maze, to investigate behavioral alteration in a sex- and age dependent manner. The accuracy of these tests is often dependent on the observer that can subjectively influence the data. Methods To avoid this bias, mice were tracked with a video system. Video files were further analyzed by the compared use of two software, namely EthoVision (EV) and DeepLabCut (DLC). In DLC a Deep Learning application forms the basis for using artificial intelligence in behavioral research in the future, also with regard to the reduction of animal numbers. Results After no sex and partly also no age-related differences were found, comparison revealed that both software lead to almost identical results and are therefore similar in their basic outcomes, especially in the determination of velocity and total distance movement. Moreover, we observed additional benefits of DLC compared to EV as it enabled the interpretation of more complex behavior, such as rearing and leaning, in an automated manner. Discussion Based on the comparable results from both software, our study can serve as a starting point for investigating behavioral alterations in preclinical studies of obesity by using DLC to optimize and probably to predict behavioral observations in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Bühler
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Epileptology and Cognition Research, University Medical Center Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Nicole Power Guerra
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
- Clinic and Polyclinic for Otorhinolaryngology and Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Luisa Müller
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
- Centre for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock (CTNR), Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Olaf Wolkenhauer
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- Leibniz-Institute for Food Systems Biology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Martin Düffer
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Brigitte Vollmar
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
- Centre for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock (CTNR), Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Angela Kuhla
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
- Centre for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock (CTNR), Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
- *Correspondence: Angela Kuhla,
| | - Markus Wolfien
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Scalable Data Analytics and Artificial Intelligence (ScaDS.AI), Dresden, Germany
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von Bohlen und Halbach O. Editorial: Cellular and molecular responses to changes in nutrition and exercise. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:1102308. [PMID: 36561498 PMCID: PMC9763928 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1102308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Deficiency in FTSJ1 Affects Neuronal Plasticity in the Hippocampal Formation of Mice. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11071011. [PMID: 36101392 PMCID: PMC9312013 DOI: 10.3390/biology11071011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Neuronal plasticity refers to the brain’s ability to adapt in response to activity-dependent changes. This process, among others, allows the brain to acquire memory or to compensate for a neurocognitive deficit. We analyzed adult FTSJ1-deficient mice in order to gain insight into the role of FTSJ1 in neuronal plasticity. These mice displayed alterations in the hippocampus (a brain structure that is involved in memory and learning, among other functions) e.g., in the form of changes in dendritic spines. Changes in dendritic spines are considered to represent a morphological hallmark of altered neuronal plasticity, and thus FTSJ1 deficiency might have a direct effect upon the capacity of the brain to adapt to plastic changes. Long-term potentiation (LTP) is an electrophysiological correlate of neuronal plasticity, and is related to learning and to processes attributed to memory. Here we show that LTP in FTSJ1-deficient mice is reduced, hinting at disturbed neuronal plasticity. These findings suggest that FTSJ1 deficiency has an impact on neuronal plasticity not only morphologically but also on the physiological level. Abstract The role of the tRNA methyltransferase FTSJ1 in the brain is largely unknown. We analyzed whether FTSJ1-deficient mice (KO) displayed altered neuronal plasticity. We explored open field behavior (10 KO mice (aged 22–25 weeks)) and 11 age-matched control littermates (WT) and examined mean layer thickness (7 KO; 6 WT) and dendritic spines (5 KO; 5 WT) in the hippocampal area CA1 and the dentate gyrus. Furthermore, long-term potentiation (LTP) within area CA1 was investigated (5 KO; 5 WT), and mass spectrometry (MS) using CA1 tissue (2 each) was performed. Compared to controls, KO mice showed a significant reduction in the mean thickness of apical CA1 layers. Dendritic spine densities were also altered in KO mice. Stable LTP could be induced in the CA1 area of KO mice and remained stable at for at least 1 h, although at a lower level as compared to WTs, while MS data indicated differential abundance of several proteins, which play a role in neuronal plasticity. FTSJ1 has an impact on neuronal plasticity in the murine hippocampal area CA1 at the morphological and physiological levels, which, in conjunction with comparable changes in other cortical areas, might accumulate in disturbed learning and memory functions.
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Garcia-Serrano AM, Mohr AA, Philippe J, Skoug C, Spégel P, Duarte JMN. Cognitive Impairment and Metabolite Profile Alterations in the Hippocampus and Cortex of Male and Female Mice Exposed to a Fat and Sugar-Rich Diet are Normalized by Diet Reversal. Aging Dis 2022; 13:267-283. [PMID: 35111373 PMCID: PMC8782561 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.0720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes impacts on brain metabolism, structure, and function. Alterations in brain metabolism have been observed in obesity and diabetes models induced by exposure to diets rich in saturated fat and/or sugar and have been linked to memory impairment. However, it remains to be determined whether brain dysfunction induced by obesogenic diets results from permanent brain alterations. We tested the hypothesis that an obesogenic diet (high-fat and high-sucrose diet; HFHSD) causes reversible changes in hippocampus and cortex metabolism and alterations in behavior. Mice were exposed to HFHSD for 24 weeks or for 16 weeks followed by 8 weeks of diet normalization. Development of the metabolic syndrome, changes in behavior, and brain metabolite profiles by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) were assessed longitudinally. Control mice were fed an ingredient-matched low-fat and low-sugar diet. Mice fed the HFHSD developed obesity, glucose intolerance and insulin resistance, with a more severe phenotype in male than female mice. Relative to controls, both male and female HFHSD-fed mice showed increased anxiety-like behavior, impaired memory in object recognition tasks, but preserved working spatial memory as evaluated by spontaneous alternation in a Y-maze. Alterations in the metabolite profiles were observed both in the hippocampus and cortex but were more distinct in the hippocampus. HFHSD-induced metabolic changes included altered levels of lactate, glutamate, GABA, glutathione, taurine, N-acetylaspartate, total creatine and total choline. Notably, HFHSD-induced metabolic syndrome, anxiety, memory impairment, and brain metabolic alterations recovered upon diet normalization for 8 weeks. In conclusion, cortical and hippocampal derangements induced by long-term HFHSD consumption are reversible rather than being the result of permanent tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba M Garcia-Serrano
- 1Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,2Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Adélaïde A Mohr
- 3Institute of Physics, School of Basic Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Juliette Philippe
- 1Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,2Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Skoug
- 1Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,2Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Peter Spégel
- 4Department of Chemistry, Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, Lund Sweden
| | - João M N Duarte
- 1Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,2Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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13
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Parent MB, Higgs S, Cheke LG, Kanoski SE. Memory and eating: A bidirectional relationship implicated in obesity. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 132:110-129. [PMID: 34813827 PMCID: PMC8816841 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This paper reviews evidence demonstrating a bidirectional relationship between memory and eating in humans and rodents. In humans, amnesia is associated with impaired processing of hunger and satiety cues, disrupted memory of recent meals, and overconsumption. In healthy participants, meal-related memory limits subsequent ingestive behavior and obesity is associated with impaired memory and disturbances in the hippocampus. Evidence from rodents suggests that dorsal hippocampal neural activity contributes to the ability of meal-related memory to control future intake, that endocrine and neuropeptide systems act in the ventral hippocampus to provide cues regarding energy status and regulate learned aspects of eating, and that consumption of hypercaloric diets and obesity disrupt these processes. Collectively, this evidence indicates that diet-induced obesity may be caused and/or maintained, at least in part, by a vicious cycle wherein excess intake disrupts hippocampal functioning, which further increases intake. This perspective may advance our understanding of how the brain controls eating, the neural mechanisms that contribute to eating-related disorders, and identify how to treat diet-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marise B. Parent
- Neuroscience Institute & Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Box 5030, Atlanta, GA 30303-5030, United States,Corresponding author: Marise B. Parent, , Georgia State University, PO Box 5030, Atlanta, GA 30303-5030, USA. Fax: 404-413-5446
| | - Suzanne Higgs
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, BI5 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy G. Cheke
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB United Kingdom
| | - Scott E Kanoski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0371, United States
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14
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Landry T, Huang H. Mini review: The relationship between energy status and adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Neurosci Lett 2021; 765:136261. [PMID: 34562518 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The ability to generate new hippocampal neurons throughout adulthood and successfully integrate them into existing neural networks is critical to cognitive function, while disordered regulation of this process results in neurodegenerative or psychiatric disease. Consequently, identifying the molecular mechanisms promoting homeostatic hippocampal neurogenesis in adults is essential to understanding the etiologies of these disorders and developing therapeutic interventions. For example, recent evidence identifies a strong association between metabolic function and adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Hippocampal neural stem cell (NSC) fate dynamically fluctuates with changes in substrate availability and energy status (AMP/ATP and NAD+/NADH ratios). Furthermore, many metabolic hormones, such as insulin, insulin-like growth factors, and leptin exhibit dual functions also modulating hippocampal neurogenesis and neuron survivability. These diverse metabolic inputs to NSC's from various tissues seemingly suggest the existence of a system in which energy status can finely modulate hippocampal neurogenesis. Supporting this hypothesis, interventions promoting energy balance, such as caloric restriction, intermittent fasting, and exercise, have shown encouraging potential enhancing hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive function. Overall, there is a clear relationship between whole body energy status, adult hippocampal neurogenesis, and neuron survival; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are multifaceted. Thus, the aim of this review is to analyze the literature investigating energy status-mediated regulation of adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus, highlight the neurocircuitry and intracellular signaling involved, and propose impactful future directions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Landry
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA; Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA; Human Performance Laboratory, College of Human Performance and Health, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.
| | - Hu Huang
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA; Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA; Human Performance Laboratory, College of Human Performance and Health, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA; Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.
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15
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Perdoncin M, Konrad A, Wyner JR, Lohana S, Pillai SS, Pereira DG, Lakhani HV, Sodhi K. A Review of miRNAs as Biomarkers and Effect of Dietary Modulation in Obesity Associated Cognitive Decline and Neurodegenerative Disorders. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:756499. [PMID: 34690698 PMCID: PMC8529023 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.756499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been a progressive increase in the prevalence of obesity and its comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases worldwide. Recent studies have suggested that the crosstalk between adipose tissue and central nervous system (CNS), through cellular mediators and signaling pathways, may causally link obesity with cognitive decline and give rise to neurodegenerative disorders. Several mechanisms have been proposed in obesity, including inflammation, oxidative stress, insulin resistance, altered lipid and cholesterol homeostasis, which may result in neuroinflammation, altered brain insulin signaling, amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition and neuronal cell death. Since obesity is associated with functional and morphological alterations in the adipose tissues, the resulting peripheral immune response augments the development and progression of cognitive decline and increases susceptibility of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Parkinson's Disease (PD). Studies have also elucidated an important role of high fat diet in the exacerbation of these clinical conditions. However, the underlying factors that propel and sustain this obesity associated cognitive decline and neurodegeneration, remains highly elusive. Moreover, the mechanisms linking these phenomena are not well-understood. The cumulative line of evidence have demonstrated an important role of microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression and transcriptional changes, as biomarkers of pathophysiological conditions. Despite the lack of utility in current clinical practices, miRNAs have been shown to be highly specific and sensitive to the clinical condition being studied. Based on these observations, this review aims to assess the role of several miRNAs and aim to elucidate underlying mechanisms that link obesity with cognitive decline and neurodegenerative disorders. Furthermore, this review will also provide evidence for the effect of dietary modulation which can potentially ameliorate cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Komal Sodhi
- Department of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, United States
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16
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Effects of Nutrients on Platelet Function: A Modifiable Link between Metabolic Syndrome and Neurodegeneration? Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11101455. [PMID: 34680088 PMCID: PMC8533544 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome increases the risk of vascular dementia and other neurodegenerative disorders. Recent studies underline that platelets play an important role in linking peripheral with central metabolic and inflammatory mechanisms. In this narrative review, we address the activation of platelets in metabolic syndrome, their effects on neuronal processes and the role of the mediators (e.g., serotonin, platelet-derived growth factor). Emerging evidence shows that nutritional compounds and their metabolites modulate these interactions-specifically, long chain fatty acids, endocannabinoids and phenolic compounds. We reviewed the role of activated platelets in neurovascular processes and nutritional compounds in platelet activation.
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17
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Rodriguez S, Sahin A, Schrank BR, Al-Lawati H, Costantino I, Benz E, Fard D, Albers AD, Cao L, Gomez AC, Evans K, Ratti E, Cudkowicz M, Frosch MP, Talkowski M, Sorger PK, Hyman BT, Albers MW. Genome-encoded cytoplasmic double-stranded RNAs, found in C9ORF72 ALS-FTD brain, propagate neuronal loss. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/601/eaaz4699. [PMID: 34233951 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaz4699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Triggers of innate immune signaling in the CNS of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal degeneration (ALS/FTD) remain elusive. We report the presence of cytoplasmic double-stranded RNA (cdsRNA), an established trigger of innate immunity, in ALS-FTD brains carrying C9ORF72 intronic hexanucleotide expansions that included genomically encoded expansions of the G4C2 repeat sequences. The presence of cdsRNA in human brains was coincident with cytoplasmic TAR DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43) inclusions, a pathologic hallmark of ALS/FTD. Introducing cdsRNA into cultured human neural cells induced type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling and death that was rescued by FDA-approved JAK inhibitors. In mice, genomically encoded dsRNAs expressed exclusively in a neuronal class induced IFN-I and death in connected neurons non-cell-autonomously. Our findings establish that genomically encoded cdsRNAs trigger sterile, viral-mimetic IFN-I induction and propagated death within neural circuits and may drive neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in patients with ALS/FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Rodriguez
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA.,Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Program in Therapeutic Science, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Asli Sahin
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Benjamin R Schrank
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Hawra Al-Lawati
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Isabel Costantino
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Eric Benz
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Darian Fard
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Alefiya D Albers
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA.,Department of Psychology, Endicott College, Beverly, MA 01915, USA
| | - Luxiang Cao
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Alexis C Gomez
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Kyle Evans
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA.,Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Program in Therapeutic Science, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Elena Ratti
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Merit Cudkowicz
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Matthew P Frosch
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Michael Talkowski
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA.,Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Peter K Sorger
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Program in Therapeutic Science, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bradley T Hyman
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Mark W Albers
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA. .,Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Program in Therapeutic Science, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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18
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Ghaddar B, Bringart M, Lefebvre d'Hellencourt C, Meilhac O, Diotel N. Deleterious Effects of Overfeeding on Brain Homeostasis and Plasticity in Adult Zebrafish. Zebrafish 2021; 18:190-206. [PMID: 34028307 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2020.1962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Overweight and obesity are worldwide epidemic health threats. They recently emerged as disruptors of brain homeostasis leading to a wide variety of neurologic disorders. This study aims at developing a fast and easy overfeeding model using zebrafish for investigating the impact of overweight on brain homeostasis. We established a 4-week overfeeding protocol using commercially available dry food in an ad libitum-like feeding. In the diet-induced obesity/overweight (DIO) fish model, weight, size, and body mass index were increased compared with controls. Also, DIO fish displayed hyperglycemia, and had higher levels of advanced glycation end products and oxidative stress (4-hydroxynonenal [4-HNE]) in a peripheral organ (tail). Although overfed fish did not display major blood-brain barrier leakage, they showed an increased cerebral oxidative stress, blunted brain cell proliferation as well as a striking decreased locomotor activity. Interestingly, switching from an overfeeding to a normal diet partially improved peripheral and central disruptions induced by overfeeding in solely 2 weeks. As a conclusion, this study provides a rapid and easy overfeeding model in zebrafish with relevant peripheral and central disruptions. This model could open the way for further investigations to better understand by which mechanisms overfeeding could disturb brain homeostasis. It also reinforces and contrasts with another zebrafish overweight model, showing that the type of the food provided could impair differently brain homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batoul Ghaddar
- Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), INSERM, UMR 1188, Université de La Réunion, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Matthieu Bringart
- Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), INSERM, UMR 1188, Université de La Réunion, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Christian Lefebvre d'Hellencourt
- Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), INSERM, UMR 1188, Université de La Réunion, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Olivier Meilhac
- Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), INSERM, UMR 1188, Université de La Réunion, Saint-Denis, France.,CHU de La Réunion, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Nicolas Diotel
- Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), INSERM, UMR 1188, Université de La Réunion, Saint-Denis, France
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Vinuesa A, Pomilio C, Gregosa A, Bentivegna M, Presa J, Bellotto M, Saravia F, Beauquis J. Inflammation and Insulin Resistance as Risk Factors and Potential Therapeutic Targets for Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:653651. [PMID: 33967682 PMCID: PMC8102834 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.653651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Overnutrition and modern diets containing high proportions of saturated fat are among the major factors contributing to a low-grade state of inflammation, hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia. In the last decades, the global rise of type 2 diabetes and obesity prevalence has elicited a great interest in understanding how changes in metabolic function lead to an increased risk for premature brain aging and the development of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Cognitive impairment and decreased neurogenic capacity could be a consequence of metabolic disturbances. In these scenarios, the interplay between inflammation and insulin resistance could represent a potential therapeutic target to prevent or ameliorate neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment. The present review aims to provide an update on the impact of metabolic stress pathways on AD with a focus on inflammation and insulin resistance as risk factors and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeles Vinuesa
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Envejecimiento, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos Pomilio
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Envejecimiento, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Amal Gregosa
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Envejecimiento, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Melisa Bentivegna
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Envejecimiento, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jessica Presa
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Envejecimiento, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Melina Bellotto
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Envejecimiento, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Flavia Saravia
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Envejecimiento, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Beauquis
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Envejecimiento, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Miñón-Hernández D, Dorantes-Alvarez L, Guzmán-Gerónimo RI, Alvarado-Olivarez M, Herrera-Meza S, Santiago-Roque I, Gutiérrez-López GF, Gómez-Patiño MB, Arrieta-Baez D. Avocado Creole Peel Ameliorates Metabolic Alterations Caused by a High Sucrose Fat Diet in a Wistar Rats Model. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 76:12-19. [PMID: 33245465 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-020-00867-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
High-sucrose high-fat diets are one of the causes of malnutrition, and may induce metabolic alterations such as dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and adipogenesis. The objective of this work was to investigate the possible protective effect of traditionally edible avocado creole peel (Persea americana Mill var. drymifolia) when consuming a high-sucrose and fat diet (HSFD). The experimental animal model included 21 male Wistar rats divided in three groups: the control group received a standard diet of purina®, the HSFD group received a high fat diet plus 30% sucrose in drinking water, and finally the HSFD + AP group received the HSFD diet supplemented with 200 mg/kg of avocado peel for 14 weeks. It was observed that alterations included higher cholesterol, glucose, insulin, fatty acids and TNF-α levels as well as lower HDL, and adiponectin. The addition of avocado peel reverted some of these effects, resulting in normal values of triglicerides, insulin and adiponectin, while attenuated the levels of total cholesterol. Liver weight of the group added with avocado peel was similar to the control group. The neuronal density in the hippocampal areas CA1 and dentate gyrus DC were lower in the high glucose fat group, while the ingestion of the avocado peel showed a neuroprotective effect. The avocado creole ingestion reverted or attenuated most of the metabolic effects caused by a high-sucrose fat diet which was attributed to the compounds detected by HPLC-MS and GC-MS that included bioactive polyphenols such as flavanol quercetin, flavanone naringenin, flavan 3-ol catechin, cyanidin 3-glucoside, pelargonidin 3-glucoside, pelargonidin 3-rhamnoside, hydroxydelphinidin, eugenol and estragole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia Miñón-Hernández
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Av. Wilfrido Massieu S/N esq. Manuel L. Stampa, Nueva Industrial Vallejo, Gustavo A. Madero, C.P. 07738, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Lidia Dorantes-Alvarez
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Av. Wilfrido Massieu S/N esq. Manuel L. Stampa, Nueva Industrial Vallejo, Gustavo A. Madero, C.P. 07738, Ciudad de México, México.
| | - Rosa Isela Guzmán-Gerónimo
- Institutos de Ciencias Básicas, Neuroetologia, Investigaciones Psicológicas, Facultad de Bioanálisis, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Ver, México
| | - Mayvi Alvarado-Olivarez
- Institutos de Ciencias Básicas, Neuroetologia, Investigaciones Psicológicas, Facultad de Bioanálisis, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Ver, México
| | - Socorro Herrera-Meza
- Institutos de Ciencias Básicas, Neuroetologia, Investigaciones Psicológicas, Facultad de Bioanálisis, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Ver, México
| | - Isela Santiago-Roque
- Institutos de Ciencias Básicas, Neuroetologia, Investigaciones Psicológicas, Facultad de Bioanálisis, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Ver, México
| | - Gustavo F Gutiérrez-López
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Av. Wilfrido Massieu S/N esq. Manuel L. Stampa, Nueva Industrial Vallejo, Gustavo A. Madero, C.P. 07738, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Mayra Beatriz Gómez-Patiño
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Nanociencias y Micro y Nanotecnologías, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Daniel Arrieta-Baez
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Nanociencias y Micro y Nanotecnologías, Ciudad de México, México
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From Obesity to Hippocampal Neurodegeneration: Pathogenesis and Non-Pharmacological Interventions. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010201. [PMID: 33379163 PMCID: PMC7796248 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
High-caloric diet and physical inactivity predispose individuals to obesity and diabetes, which are risk factors of hippocampal neurodegeneration and cognitive deficits. Along with the adipose-hippocampus crosstalk, chronically inflamed adipose tissue secretes inflammatory cytokine could trigger neuroinflammatory responses in the hippocampus, and in turn, impairs hippocampal neuroplasticity under obese and diabetic conditions. Hence, caloric restriction and physical exercise are critical non-pharmacological interventions to halt the pathogenesis from obesity to hippocampal neurodegeneration. In response to physical exercise, peripheral organs, including the adipose tissue, skeletal muscles, and liver, can secret numerous exerkines, which bring beneficial effects to metabolic and brain health. In this review, we summarized how chronic inflammation in adipose tissue could trigger neuroinflammation and hippocampal impairment, which potentially contribute to cognitive deficits in obese and diabetic conditions. We also discussed the potential mechanisms underlying the neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects of caloric restriction and physical exercise by counteracting neuroinflammation, plasticity deficits, and cognitive impairments. This review provides timely insights into how chronic metabolic disorders, like obesity, could impair brain health and cognitive functions in later life.
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Ghaddar B, Veeren B, Rondeau P, Bringart M, Lefebvre d'Hellencourt C, Meilhac O, Bascands JL, Diotel N. Impaired brain homeostasis and neurogenesis in diet-induced overweight zebrafish: a preventive role from A. borbonica extract. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14496. [PMID: 32879342 PMCID: PMC7468118 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71402-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Overweight and obesity are worldwide health concerns leading to many physiological disorders. Recent data highlighted their deleterious effects on brain homeostasis and plasticity, but the mechanisms underlying such disruptions are still not well understood. In this study, we developed and characterized a fast and reliable diet-induced overweight (DIO) model in zebrafish, for (1) studying the effects of overfeeding on brain homeostasis and for (2) testing different preventive and/or therapeutic strategies. By overfeeding zebrafish for 4 weeks, we report the disruption of many metabolic parameters reproducing human overweight features including increased body weight, body mass index, fasting blood glucose levels and liver steatosis. Furthermore, DIO fish displayed blood–brain barrier leakage, cerebral oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and decreased neurogenesis. Finally, we investigated the preventive beneficial effects of A. borbonica, an endogenous plant from Reunion Island. Overnight treatment with A. borbonica aqueous extract during the 4 weeks of overfeeding limited some detrimental central effects of DIO. In conclusion, we established a relevant DIO model in zebrafish demonstrating that overfeeding impairs peripheral and central homeostasis. This work also highlights the preventive protective effects of A. borbonica aqueous extracts in DIO, and opens a way to easily screen drugs aiming at limiting overweight and associated neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batoul Ghaddar
- INSERM, UMR 1188, Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Université de La Réunion, Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France
| | - Bryan Veeren
- INSERM, UMR 1188, Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Université de La Réunion, Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France
| | - Philippe Rondeau
- INSERM, UMR 1188, Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Université de La Réunion, Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France
| | - Matthieu Bringart
- INSERM, UMR 1188, Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Université de La Réunion, Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France
| | - Christian Lefebvre d'Hellencourt
- INSERM, UMR 1188, Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Université de La Réunion, Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France
| | - Olivier Meilhac
- INSERM, UMR 1188, Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Université de La Réunion, Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France.,CHU de La Réunion, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Jean-Loup Bascands
- INSERM, UMR 1188, Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Université de La Réunion, Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France
| | - Nicolas Diotel
- INSERM, UMR 1188, Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Université de La Réunion, Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France.
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Structural and functional consequences in the amygdala of leptin-deficient mice. Cell Tissue Res 2020; 382:421-426. [PMID: 32789683 PMCID: PMC7584530 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03266-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
On the one hand, the emotional state can influence food intake and on the other hand, hunger can have an impact on the emotional state. Leptin, which is encoded by the ob gene, is involved in the energy homeostasis and plays a role in development of obesity. Mice deficient for leptin (ob/ob) are obese and display several behavioral alterations. It has been shown that ob/ob mice display striking changes in neuronal plasticity within the limbic system, e.g., hippocampal formation. We focus on alterations in ob/ob mice that can be related to alter processing in another part of the limbic system, the amygdala. ob/ob mice have a higher food consumption than age-matched controls, which might have an impact on the emotional state of these mice. Since the amygdala is involved in emotional processing, we analyze whether ob/ob mice display alterations in plasticity at the electrophysiological and structural level. No changes were seen in dendritic spine densities in the basolateral and lateral (LA) nucleus of the amygdala. Interestingly and in contrast to the hippocampus (Porter et al. 2013), long-term potentiation in the LA was increased in ob/ob mice. Our results indicate that amygdalar and hippocampal synaptic plasticity are regulated in different ways by leptin deficiency in accordance with the different functions of these limbic structures in stress and anxiety.
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