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Spiga F, Davies AL, Tomlinson E, Moore TH, Dawson S, Breheny K, Savović J, Gao Y, Phillips SM, Hillier-Brown F, Hodder RK, Wolfenden L, Higgins JP, Summerbell CD. Interventions to prevent obesity in children aged 5 to 11 years old. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2024; 5:CD015328. [PMID: 38763517 PMCID: PMC11102828 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd015328.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prevention of obesity in children is an international public health priority given the prevalence of the condition (and its significant impact on health, development and well-being). Interventions that aim to prevent obesity involve behavioural change strategies that promote healthy eating or 'activity' levels (physical activity, sedentary behaviour and/or sleep) or both, and work by reducing energy intake and/or increasing energy expenditure, respectively. There is uncertainty over which approaches are more effective and numerous new studies have been published over the last five years, since the previous version of this Cochrane review. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of interventions that aim to prevent obesity in children by modifying dietary intake or 'activity' levels, or a combination of both, on changes in BMI, zBMI score and serious adverse events. SEARCH METHODS We used standard, extensive Cochrane search methods. The latest search date was February 2023. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials in children (mean age 5 years and above but less than 12 years), comparing diet or 'activity' interventions (or both) to prevent obesity with no intervention, usual care, or with another eligible intervention, in any setting. Studies had to measure outcomes at a minimum of 12 weeks post baseline. We excluded interventions designed primarily to improve sporting performance. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We used standard Cochrane methods. Our outcomes were body mass index (BMI), zBMI score and serious adverse events, assessed at short- (12 weeks to < 9 months from baseline), medium- (9 months to < 15 months) and long-term (≥ 15 months) follow-up. We used GRADE to assess the certainty of the evidence for each outcome. MAIN RESULTS This review includes 172 studies (189,707 participants); 149 studies (160,267 participants) were included in meta-analyses. One hundred forty-six studies were based in high-income countries. The main setting for intervention delivery was schools (111 studies), followed by the community (15 studies), the home (eight studies) and a clinical setting (seven studies); one intervention was conducted by telehealth and 31 studies were conducted in more than one setting. Eighty-six interventions were implemented for less than nine months; the shortest was conducted over one visit and the longest over four years. Non-industry funding was declared by 132 studies; 24 studies were funded in part or wholly by industry. Dietary interventions versus control Dietary interventions, compared with control, may have little to no effect on BMI at short-term follow-up (mean difference (MD) 0, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.10 to 0.10; 5 studies, 2107 participants; low-certainty evidence) and at medium-term follow-up (MD -0.01, 95% CI -0.15 to 0.12; 9 studies, 6815 participants; low-certainty evidence) or zBMI at long-term follow-up (MD -0.05, 95% CI -0.10 to 0.01; 7 studies, 5285 participants; low-certainty evidence). Dietary interventions, compared with control, probably have little to no effect on BMI at long-term follow-up (MD -0.17, 95% CI -0.48 to 0.13; 2 studies, 945 participants; moderate-certainty evidence) and zBMI at short- or medium-term follow-up (MD -0.06, 95% CI -0.13 to 0.01; 8 studies, 3695 participants; MD -0.04, 95% CI -0.10 to 0.02; 9 studies, 7048 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). Five studies (1913 participants; very low-certainty evidence) reported data on serious adverse events: one reported serious adverse events (e.g. allergy, behavioural problems and abdominal discomfort) that may have occurred as a result of the intervention; four reported no effect. Activity interventions versus control Activity interventions, compared with control, may have little to no effect on BMI and zBMI at short-term or long-term follow-up (BMI short-term: MD -0.02, 95% CI -0.17 to 0.13; 14 studies, 4069 participants; zBMI short-term: MD -0.02, 95% CI -0.07 to 0.02; 6 studies, 3580 participants; low-certainty evidence; BMI long-term: MD -0.07, 95% CI -0.24 to 0.10; 8 studies, 8302 participants; zBMI long-term: MD -0.02, 95% CI -0.09 to 0.04; 6 studies, 6940 participants; low-certainty evidence). Activity interventions likely result in a slight reduction of BMI and zBMI at medium-term follow-up (BMI: MD -0.11, 95% CI -0.18 to -0.05; 16 studies, 21,286 participants; zBMI: MD -0.05, 95% CI -0.09 to -0.02; 13 studies, 20,600 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). Eleven studies (21,278 participants; low-certainty evidence) reported data on serious adverse events; one study reported two minor ankle sprains and one study reported the incident rate of adverse events (e.g. musculoskeletal injuries) that may have occurred as a result of the intervention; nine studies reported no effect. Dietary and activity interventions versus control Dietary and activity interventions, compared with control, may result in a slight reduction in BMI and zBMI at short-term follow-up (BMI: MD -0.11, 95% CI -0.21 to -0.01; 27 studies, 16,066 participants; zBMI: MD -0.03, 95% CI -0.06 to 0.00; 26 studies, 12,784 participants; low-certainty evidence) and likely result in a reduction of BMI and zBMI at medium-term follow-up (BMI: MD -0.11, 95% CI -0.21 to 0.00; 21 studies, 17,547 participants; zBMI: MD -0.05, 95% CI -0.07 to -0.02; 24 studies, 20,998 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). Dietary and activity interventions compared with control may result in little to no difference in BMI and zBMI at long-term follow-up (BMI: MD 0.03, 95% CI -0.11 to 0.16; 16 studies, 22,098 participants; zBMI: MD -0.02, 95% CI -0.06 to 0.01; 22 studies, 23,594 participants; low-certainty evidence). Nineteen studies (27,882 participants; low-certainty evidence) reported data on serious adverse events: four studies reported occurrence of serious adverse events (e.g. injuries, low levels of extreme dieting behaviour); 15 studies reported no effect. Heterogeneity was apparent in the results for all outcomes at the three follow-up times, which could not be explained by the main setting of the interventions (school, home, school and home, other), country income status (high-income versus non-high-income), participants' socioeconomic status (low versus mixed) and duration of the intervention. Most studies excluded children with a mental or physical disability. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS The body of evidence in this review demonstrates that a range of school-based 'activity' interventions, alone or in combination with dietary interventions, may have a modest beneficial effect on obesity in childhood at short- and medium-term, but not at long-term follow-up. Dietary interventions alone may result in little to no difference. Limited evidence of low quality was identified on the effect of dietary and/or activity interventions on severe adverse events and health inequalities; exploratory analyses of these data suggest no meaningful impact. We identified a dearth of evidence for home and community-based settings (e.g. delivered through local youth groups), for children living with disabilities and indicators of health inequities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Spiga
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Annabel L Davies
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Eve Tomlinson
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Theresa Hm Moore
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration West (ARC West) at University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Sarah Dawson
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration West (ARC West) at University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Katie Breheny
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jelena Savović
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration West (ARC West) at University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Sophie M Phillips
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Durham University, Durham, UK
- Fuse - Centre for Translational Research in Public Health, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Child Health and Physical Activity Laboratory, School of Occupational Therapy, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Frances Hillier-Brown
- Fuse - Centre for Translational Research in Public Health, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Human Nutrition Research Centre and Population Health Sciences Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, UK
| | - Rebecca K Hodder
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Wallsend, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- Population Health Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, Australia
- National Centre of Implementation Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Luke Wolfenden
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Wallsend, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Julian Pt Higgins
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration West (ARC West) at University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre at University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Carolyn D Summerbell
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Durham University, Durham, UK
- Fuse - Centre for Translational Research in Public Health, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Rashid AFA, Syed Saadun Tarek Wafa SWW, Talib RA, Bakar NMA. Interactive Malaysian Childhood Healthy Lifestyle (i-MaCHeL) programme: a single-arm pilot study. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2024; 10:80. [PMID: 38762727 PMCID: PMC11102176 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-024-01483-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The growing obesity epidemic in Malaysia presents a public health challenge that requires innovative intervention strategies. In an effort to address this problem, an Interactive Malaysian Childhood Healthy Lifestyle (i-MaCHeL) programme, which is a web-based initiative designed for preschool child-parent dyads offers a novel approach. Nevertheless, the success of such a web-based intervention depends on several interrelated factors. This research aims to examine the feasibility of i-MaCHeL in the Malaysian context, its usability for preschool child-parent dyads, and the acceptability of the programme among these user groups. METHODS This was a single-arm pilot study involving 46 child-parent dyads recruited from six government preschools in Terengganu, Malaysia. The preschools were selected using a cluster random sampling technique at the preschool level. The intervention feasibility was determined based on the retention rate of participants in the pilot study. The System Usability Scale (SUS) and intervention process evaluation were used to assess the usability and acceptability of the web-based i-MaCHeL programme. RESULTS The retention data demonstrated that 42 out of 46 participants completed the 13-week intervention programme, which showed that the overall retention rate was 91.3%. A mean (SD) SUS score of 84.70 (13.82) was obtained from parents, indicating that the web-based i-MaCHeL had an acceptable usability level. The mean scores of the process evaluation items ranged from 4.52 (0.63) to 4.83 (0.38), demonstrating that the web-based i-MaCHeL was highly accepted by the parents. The acceptability data also indicated that at least 92.9% (39/42) of the parents agreed/strongly agreed that the web content, programme duration, intervention dose, WhatsApp group, and delivery mode were appropriate. CONCLUSIONS According to these findings, the i-MaCHeL intervention using a web-based approach was feasible, usable, and acceptable as part of a weight-related behaviour change intervention for preschool child-parent dyads. This pilot study demonstrated that the web-based i-MaCHeL was feasible and promising for delivering weight-related behavioural intervention to child-parent dyads. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04711525 . Registered on January 15, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Faezi Ab Rashid
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
- Faculty of Hospitality, Tourism, and Wellness, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | | | - Ruzita Abd Talib
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nor Mazlina Abu Bakar
- Faculty of Business and Management, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
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Veselá L, Klímová Rych A, Vážná A, Kotrbatá M, Rücklová K, Aldhoon-Hainerová I. Lessons Learned from Telemedicine in Adolescent Obesity: Results of a Pilot Study. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:599. [PMID: 38790594 PMCID: PMC11120228 DOI: 10.3390/children11050599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
The rising prevalence of obesity in children calls for new strategies for the provision of effective care by a multidisciplinary team. Telemedicine has overall proven to be an effective tool for promoting a healthy lifestyle. The main objective of the current paper is to present the protocol of our ongoing CardioMetabolic Prevention (CAMP) study and compare its design with published studies on telemedicine in paediatric obesity. Additionally, we analysed the preliminary anthropometric and laboratory data to test the efficacy of our 12-week intensive program that combines in-person and telemedicine support. The program demonstrated a positive impact on body mass index (BMI) and its z-scores in 21 adolescents, and BMI in 18 participating parents. However, we found no effect on body composition, waist circumference, cardiometabolic parameters, or fitness evaluated via a 6-min walk test in adolescents. In conclusion, the combination of in-person and telemedicine intensive support over 35 h delivered by a multidisciplinary team can be beneficial not only for adolescents with obesity but also for their parents. The ongoing CAMP study serves as a platform for precision medicine in future decisions regarding anti-obesity medication in adolescents with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Veselá
- Department of Children and Adolescents, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Královské Vinohrady, 100 34 Prague, Czech Republic; (L.V.)
- Regional Hospital Kolín, Hospital of Central Bohemian a.s., 280 02 Kolín, Czech Republic
| | - Aneta Klímová Rych
- Department of Children and Adolescents, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Královské Vinohrady, 100 34 Prague, Czech Republic; (L.V.)
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 120 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Vážná
- Department of Children and Adolescents, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Královské Vinohrady, 100 34 Prague, Czech Republic; (L.V.)
- Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Kotrbatá
- Central Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, University Hospital Královské Vinohrady, 100 34 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kristina Rücklová
- Department of Children and Adolescents, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Královské Vinohrady, 100 34 Prague, Czech Republic; (L.V.)
| | - Irena Aldhoon-Hainerová
- Department of Children and Adolescents, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Královské Vinohrady, 100 34 Prague, Czech Republic; (L.V.)
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Billich N, Bray P, Truby H, Evans M, Carroll K, de Valle K, Adams J, Kennedy RA, Villano D, Kornberg AJ, Yiu EM, Ryan MM, Davidson ZE. Pilot study of a virtual weight management program for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Muscle Nerve 2024; 69:459-466. [PMID: 38353295 DOI: 10.1002/mus.28065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/AIMS Young people with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) are at increased risk of obesity. Weight management is important to families; however, several barriers exist. This pilot study aimed to investigate the feasibility and acceptability of a co-designed weight management program for DMD. METHODS The Supporting Nutrition and Optimizing Wellbeing Program (SNOW-P) was a single-arm diet and behavior weight management intervention delivered via weekly telehealth/phone visits over 6 weeks to young people with DMD and obesity (body mass index (BMI) ≥95th percentile) and their caregivers. Using an online survey, caregivers of boys with DMD were consulted on the structure and topics delivered in SNOW-P. Primary outcomes were feasibility and acceptability; secondary outcomes were weight, physical function, and quality of life at 6- and 12-weeks follow-up. RESULTS Of nineteen eligible participants, eight were enrolled (median age 11.4 years, range 4.9-15.8), and seven completed the program. Visit attendance was high (88%-100%); most participants reported high satisfaction and that participation was easy. Suggested changes included online and visual DMD-specific resources. At 6-weeks, median change in weight z-scores was -0.01 (IQR: -0.23, 0.17) indicating that on average, weight gain tracked as expected for age. Waist circumference measured by caregivers lacked accuracy and the completion rate of caregiver-reported secondary outcome measures (e.g., food diaries) was low. DISCUSSION A co-designed, telehealth/phone weight management program appeared to be feasible and acceptable in a small group of boys with DMD. An adapted, hybrid telehealth and face-to-face program is recommended for efficacy testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natassja Billich
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Neurology, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Paula Bray
- Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Neurology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - Helen Truby
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Primary and Allied Health Care Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maureen Evans
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kate Carroll
- Department of Neurology, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Neurosciences Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katy de Valle
- Department of Neurology, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Neurosciences Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Justine Adams
- Department of Neurology, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Neurosciences Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rachel A Kennedy
- Department of Neurology, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Neurosciences Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Daniella Villano
- Department of Neurology, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Neurosciences Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew J Kornberg
- Department of Neurology, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Neurosciences Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Eppie M Yiu
- Department of Neurology, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Neurosciences Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, Melbourne University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Monique M Ryan
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Neurology, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Neurosciences Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, Melbourne University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Zoe E Davidson
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Neurology, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Neurosciences Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
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Li Z, Lei Y, Bui Q, DePaul O, Nicol GE, Mohr DC, Lee SI, Fong MWM, Metts CL, Tomazin SE, Wong AWK. A Digital Intervention to Promote Self-Management Self-Efficacy Among Community-Dwelling Individuals With Stroke: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Rehabil Assist Technol 2024; 11:e50863. [PMID: 38373029 PMCID: PMC10912984 DOI: 10.2196/50863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Digital interventions provided through smartphones or the internet that are guided by a coach have been proposed as promising solutions to support the self-management of chronic conditions. However, digital intervention for poststroke self-management is limited; we developed the interactive Self-Management Augmented by Rehabilitation Technologies (iSMART) intervention to address this gap. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the feasibility and initial effects of the iSMART intervention to improve self-management self-efficacy in people with stroke. METHODS A parallel, 2-arm, nonblinded, randomized controlled trial of 12-week duration was conducted. A total of 24 participants with mild-to-moderate chronic stroke were randomized to receive either the iSMART intervention or a manual of stroke rehabilitation (attention control). iSMART was a coach-guided, technology-supported self-management intervention designed to support people managing chronic conditions and maintaining active participation in daily life after stroke. Feasibility measures included retention and engagement rates in the iSMART group. For both the iSMART intervention and active control groups, we used the Feasibility of Intervention Measure, Acceptability of Intervention Measure, and Intervention Appropriateness Measure to assess the feasibility, acceptability, and appropriateness, respectively. Health measures included the Participation Strategies Self-Efficacy Scale and the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System's Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Conditions. RESULTS The retention rate was 82% (9/11), and the engagement (SMS text message response) rate was 78% for the iSMART group. Mean scores of the Feasibility of Intervention Measure, Acceptability of Intervention Measure, and Intervention Appropriateness Measure were 4.11 (SD 0.61), 4.44 (SD 0.73), and 4.36 (SD 0.70), respectively, which exceeded our benchmark (4 out of 5), suggesting high feasibility, acceptability, and appropriateness of iSMART. The iSMART group showed moderate-to-large effects in improving self-efficacy in managing emotions (r=0.494), symptoms (r=0.514), daily activities (r=0.593), and treatments and medications (r=0.870), but the control group showed negligible-to-small effects in decreasing self-efficacy in managing emotions (r=0.252), symptoms (r=0.262), daily activities (r=0.136), and treatments and medications (r=0.049). In addition, the iSMART group showed moderate-to-large effects of increasing the use of participation strategies for management in the home (r=0.554), work (r=0.633), community (r=0.673), and communication activities (r=0.476). In contrast, the control group showed small-to-large effects of decreasing the use of participation strategies for management in the home (r=0.567), work (r=0.342, community (r=0.215), and communication activities (r=0.379). CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the idea that iSMART was feasible to improve poststroke self-management self-efficacy. Our results also support using a low-cost solution, such as SMS text messaging, to supplement traditional therapeutic patient education interventions. Further evaluation with a larger sample of participants is still needed. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov 202004137; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04743037?id=202004137&rank=1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoying Li
- Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Yating Lei
- Department of Occupational Therapy, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Quoc Bui
- Institute for Informatics, Data Science & Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Olivia DePaul
- Memorial Hospital Belleville, Belleville, IL, United States
| | - Ginger E Nicol
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - David C Mohr
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Center for Behavioral Intervention Technologies, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Sunghoon I Lee
- Manning College of Information and Computer Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Mandy W M Fong
- Michigan Avenue Neuropsychologists, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Christopher L Metts
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Stephanie E Tomazin
- Center for Rehabilitation Outcomes Research, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Alex W K Wong
- Center for Rehabilitation Outcomes Research, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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Porri D, Morabito LA, Cavallaro P, La Rosa E, Li Pomi A, Pepe G, Wasniewska M. Time to act on childhood obesity: the use of technology. Front Pediatr 2024; 12:1359484. [PMID: 38434727 PMCID: PMC10904600 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1359484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Childhood obesity is rapidly increasing worldwide and there is an urgent need to implement treatment and prevention programs. Over the last decade, in addition to increasing rates of childhood obesity, we have also observed rapid technological and digital development. The Covid-19 pandemic has largely contributed to both expansions but has also allowed an opening towards a broader vision of medicine, through new therapeutic opportunities such as mobile healthcare. The digital and technological delivery of obesity prevention and treatment programs can represent an innovative tool to support children and families to overcome some limitations and barriers such as the accessibility of programs that prevent them from adopting healthy lifestyle changes. This review aimed to summarize the impact of different digital interventions for children and adolescent affected by obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paola Cavallaro
- Unit of Pediatrics, Department of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Grady A, Pearson N, Lamont H, Leigh L, Wolfenden L, Barnes C, Wyse R, Finch M, Mclaughlin M, Delaney T, Sutherland R, Hodder R, Yoong SL. The Effectiveness of Strategies to Improve User Engagement With Digital Health Interventions Targeting Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Overweight and Obesity: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Med Internet Res 2023; 25:e47987. [PMID: 38113062 PMCID: PMC10762625 DOI: 10.2196/47987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Digital health interventions (DHIs) are effective in improving poor nutrition, physical inactivity, overweight and obesity. There is evidence suggesting that the impact of DHIs may be enhanced by improving user engagement. However, little is known about the overall effectiveness of strategies on engagement with DHIs. OBJECTIVE This study aims to assess the overall effectiveness of strategies to improve engagement with DHIs targeting nutrition, physical activity, and overweight or obesity and explore associations between strategies and engagement outcomes. The secondary aim was to explore the impact of these strategies on health risk outcomes. METHODS The MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, CENTRAL, Scopus, and Academic Source Complete databases were searched up to July 24, 2023. Eligible studies were randomized controlled trials that evaluated strategies to improve engagement with DHIs and reported on outcomes related to DHI engagement (use or user experience). Strategies were classified according to behavior change techniques (BCTs) and design features (eg, supplementary emails). Multiple-variable meta-analyses of the primary outcomes (usage and user experience) were undertaken to assess the overall effectiveness of strategies. Meta-regressions were conducted to assess associations between strategies and use and user experience outcomes. Synthesis of secondary outcomes followed the "Synthesis Without Meta-Analysis" guidelines. The methodological quality and evidence was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool, and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation tool respectively. RESULTS Overall, 54 studies (across 62 publications) were included. Pooled analysis found very low-certainty evidence of a small-to-moderate positive effect of the use of strategies to improve DHI use (standardized mean difference=0.33, 95% CI 0.20-0.46; P<.001) and very low-certainty evidence of a small-to-moderate positive effect on user experience (standardized mean difference=0.29, 95% CI 0.07-0.52; P=.01). A significant positive association was found between the BCTs social support (effect size [ES]=0.40, 95% CI 0.14-0.66; P<.001) and shaping knowledge (ES=0.39, 95% CI 0.03-0.74; P=.03) and DHI use. A significant positive association was found among the BCTs social support (ES=0.70, 95% CI 0.18-1.22; P=.01), repetition and substitution (ES=0.29, 95% CI 0.05-0.53; P=.03), and natural consequences (ES=0.29, 95% CI 0.05-0.53; P=.02); the design features email (ES=0.29, 95% CI 0.05-0.53; P=.02) and SMS text messages (ES=0.34, 95% CI 0.11-0.57; P=.01); and DHI user experience. For secondary outcomes, 47% (7/15) of nutrition-related, 73% (24/33) of physical activity-related, and 41% (14/34) of overweight- and obesity-related outcomes reported an improvement in health outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Although findings suggest that the use of strategies may improve engagement with DHIs targeting such health outcomes, the true effect is unknown because of the low quality of evidence. Future research exploring whether specific forms of social support, repetition and substitution, natural consequences, emails, and SMS text messages have a greater impact on DHI engagement is warranted. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42018077333; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=77333.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Grady
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Wallsend, Australia
- Population Health Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, Australia
- National Centre of Implementation Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Nicole Pearson
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Wallsend, Australia
- Population Health Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, Australia
- College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Hannah Lamont
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Wallsend, Australia
- Population Health Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, Australia
- College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Lucy Leigh
- Data Sciences, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, Australia
| | - Luke Wolfenden
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Wallsend, Australia
- Population Health Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, Australia
- National Centre of Implementation Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Courtney Barnes
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Wallsend, Australia
- Population Health Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, Australia
- National Centre of Implementation Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Rebecca Wyse
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- Equity in Health and Wellbeing Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, Australia
| | - Meghan Finch
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- Population Health Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, Australia
- National Centre of Implementation Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Matthew Mclaughlin
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Tessa Delaney
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Wallsend, Australia
- Population Health Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, Australia
- College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Rachel Sutherland
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Wallsend, Australia
- Population Health Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, Australia
- National Centre of Implementation Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Rebecca Hodder
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Wallsend, Australia
- Population Health Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, Australia
- National Centre of Implementation Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Sze Lin Yoong
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Wallsend, Australia
- Population Health Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, Australia
- National Centre of Implementation Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- Global Obesity Centre, Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
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8
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Simione M, Aschbrenner K, Farrar-Muir H, Luo M, Granadeno J, Caballero-Gonzalez A, Price SN, Torres C, Boudreau AA, Fiechtner L, Hambidge SJ, Sease K, Taveras EM. Adapting Connect for Health pediatric weight management program for telehealth in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Implement Sci Commun 2023; 4:139. [PMID: 37974245 PMCID: PMC10652425 DOI: 10.1186/s43058-023-00523-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To address the evolving needs and context changes due to the COVID-19 pandemic, we adapted Connect for Health, an evidence-based, primary care, pediatric weight management intervention. The objective of this study is to describe the planned adaptation process to ensure continued and equitable program uptake during the pandemic. METHODS Guided by adaptation frameworks, we identified the core functions and forms of Connect for Health and then adapted the intervention in response to a changing healthcare context. We engaged stakeholders and surveyed parents of children with a BMI ≥ 85th percentile and pediatric clinicians and examined their experiences using telehealth for pediatric weight management and needs and preferences. Using multivariable logistic regression, we examined the preferences of parents with limited English proficiency regarding key aspects of pediatric weight management. RESULTS We surveyed 200 parents and 43% had a primary language of Spanish. Parents wanted care to be a combination of in-person and virtual visits (80%). We found that parents with limited English proficiency had a higher odds ratio of affirming in-person visits are better than virtual visits for ensuring their child's health concern can be taken care of (OR: 2.91; 95% CI: 1.36, 6.21), feeling comfortable when discussing personal information (OR: 3.91; 95% CI: 1.82, 8.43), talking about healthy behaviors and setting goals (OR: 3.09; 95% CI: 1.39, 6.90), and talking about mental health and overall well-being (OR: 4.02; 95% CI: 1.83, 8.87) than parents without limited English proficiency. We surveyed 75 clinicians and 60% felt telehealth was a useful tool to provide care for pediatric weight management. Clinicians felt virtual visits did not pose barriers to all aspects of care. Informed by the surveys and stakeholder input, we made clinician- and family-level adaptations while retaining the program's function. CONCLUSIONS By engaging stakeholders and adapting the program for telehealth, we optimized the reach and fit of Connect for Health to ensure its continued uptake. We have provided a real-world example of how clinical innovations can evolve and how to systematically plan adaptations in response to changing healthcare contexts. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04042493), Registered on August 2, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meg Simione
- Division of General Academic Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Mass General for Children, 125 Nashua St, Suite 860, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Kelly Aschbrenner
- Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Haley Farrar-Muir
- Division of General Academic Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Mass General for Children, 125 Nashua St, Suite 860, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Man Luo
- Division of General Academic Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Mass General for Children, 125 Nashua St, Suite 860, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Jazmin Granadeno
- Division of General Academic Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Mass General for Children, 125 Nashua St, Suite 860, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Ariadne Caballero-Gonzalez
- Division of General Academic Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Mass General for Children, 125 Nashua St, Suite 860, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Sarah N Price
- Division of General Academic Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Mass General for Children, 125 Nashua St, Suite 860, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Carlos Torres
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- MGH Chelsea HealthCare Center, Chelsea, MA, USA
| | - Alexy Arauz Boudreau
- Division of General Academic Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Mass General for Children, 125 Nashua St, Suite 860, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lauren Fiechtner
- Division of General Academic Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Mass General for Children, 125 Nashua St, Suite 860, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Simon J Hambidge
- Ambulatory Care Services, Denver Health, Denver, CO, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kerry Sease
- Department of Pediatrics, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Greenville, SC, USA
- Prisma Health, Greenville, SC, USA
| | - Elsie M Taveras
- Division of General Academic Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Mass General for Children, 125 Nashua St, Suite 860, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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9
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Zhu D, Dordevic AL, Gibson S, Davidson ZE. Evaluating a 10-Week Family-Focused E-Health Healthy Lifestyle Program for School-Aged Children with Overweight or Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial Study Protocol. Nutrients 2023; 15:2909. [PMID: 37447233 DOI: 10.3390/nu15132909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
E-Health childhood obesity treatment interventions may serve as favorable alternatives to conventional face-to-face programs. More studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of such interventions beyond immediately post-program completion, including exploring program features impacting effectiveness. This randomized controlled trial with a qualitative component and waitlisted control group will evaluate the effectiveness of a 10-week family-focused e-Health program for school-aged children with overweight/obesity and explore the experience of families completing the program. The primary outcome is the change in BMI z-score and will be assessed from baseline to 10 weeks. Secondary outcomes include (the change in) waist circumference, dietary intake, physical activity, quality of life, and experiences, and will be assessed at baseline, post-10 weeks, and/or immediately, 3-, 6-, and/or 12-months post-program completion. Independent t-tests will be used to compare the differences in means and analyses of variances (ANOVAs) will be conducted to investigate the impact of the program or of being waitlisted and the effect size of the program on quantitative outcome measures. Reflexive thematic analysis will be used with qualitative data. Findings from this study are expected to provide learnings to upscale conventional childhood obesity treatment services, in the hopes of curbing the rising rate of childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Zhu
- Department of Nutrition Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Level 1, 264 Ferntree Gully Road, Notting Hill, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Aimee L Dordevic
- Department of Nutrition Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Level 1, 264 Ferntree Gully Road, Notting Hill, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Simone Gibson
- School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Level 5 Block E, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Zoe E Davidson
- Department of Nutrition Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Level 1, 264 Ferntree Gully Road, Notting Hill, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
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10
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Zarkogianni K, Chatzidaki E, Polychronaki N, Kalafatis E, Nicolaides NC, Voutetakis A, Chioti V, Kitani RA, Mitsis K, Perakis Κ, Athanasiou M, Antonopoulou D, Pervanidou P, Kanaka-Gantenbein C, Nikita K. The ENDORSE Feasibility Study: Exploring the Use of M-Health, Artificial Intelligence and Serious Games for the Management of Childhood Obesity. Nutrients 2023; 15:1451. [PMID: 36986180 PMCID: PMC10057317 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood obesity constitutes a major risk factor for future adverse health conditions. Multicomponent parent-child interventions are considered effective in controlling weight. Τhe ENDORSE platform utilizes m-health technologies, Artificial Intelligence (AI), and serious games (SG) toward the creation of an innovative software ecosystem connecting healthcare professionals, children, and their parents in order to deliver coordinated services to combat childhood obesity. It consists of activity trackers, a mobile SG for children, and mobile apps for parents and healthcare professionals. The heterogeneous dataset gathered through the interaction of the end-users with the platform composes the unique user profile. Part of it feeds an AI-based model that enables personalized messages. A feasibility pilot trial was conducted involving 50 overweight and obese children (mean age 10.5 years, 52% girls, 58% pubertal, median baseline BMI z-score 2.85) in a 3-month intervention. Adherence was measured by means of frequency of usage based on the data records. Overall, a clinically and statistically significant BMI z-score reduction was achieved (mean BMI z-score reduction -0.21 ± 0.26, p-value < 0.001). A statistically significant correlation was revealed between the level of activity tracker usage and the improvement of BMI z-score (-0.355, p = 0.017), highlighting the potential of the ENDORSE platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantia Zarkogianni
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Athens, Greece (K.N.)
| | - Evi Chatzidaki
- First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.C.); (P.P.); (C.K.-G.)
| | - Nektaria Polychronaki
- First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.C.); (P.P.); (C.K.-G.)
| | - Eleftherios Kalafatis
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Athens, Greece (K.N.)
| | - Nicolas C. Nicolaides
- First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.C.); (P.P.); (C.K.-G.)
| | - Antonis Voutetakis
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Vassiliki Chioti
- First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.C.); (P.P.); (C.K.-G.)
| | - Rosa-Anna Kitani
- First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.C.); (P.P.); (C.K.-G.)
| | - Kostas Mitsis
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Athens, Greece (K.N.)
| | | | - Maria Athanasiou
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Athens, Greece (K.N.)
| | | | - Panagiota Pervanidou
- First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.C.); (P.P.); (C.K.-G.)
| | - Christina Kanaka-Gantenbein
- First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.C.); (P.P.); (C.K.-G.)
| | - Konstantina Nikita
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Athens, Greece (K.N.)
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11
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Hodder RK, O'Brien KM, Lorien S, Wolfenden L, Moore TH, Hall A, Yoong SL, Summerbell C. Interventions to prevent obesity in school-aged children 6-18 years: An update of a Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis including studies from 2015-2021. EClinicalMedicine 2022; 54:101635. [PMID: 36281235 PMCID: PMC9581512 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood obesity remains a global public health priority due to the enormous burden it generates. Recent surveillance data suggests there has been a sharp increase in the prevalence of childhood obesity during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Cochrane review of childhood obesity prevention interventions (0-18 years) updated to 2015 is the most rigorous and comprehensive review of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on this topic. A burgeoning number of high quality studies have been published since that are yet to be synthesised. METHODS An update of the Cochrane systematic review was conducted to include RCT studies in school-aged children (6-18 years) published to 30 June 2021 that assessed effectiveness on child weight (PROSPERO registration: CRD42020218928). Available cost-effectiveness and adverse effect data were extracted. Intervention effects on body mass index (BMI) were synthesised in random effects meta-analyses by setting (school, after-school program, community, home), and meta-regression examined the association of study characteristics with intervention effect. FINDINGS Meta-analysis of 140 of 195 included studies (183,063 participants) found a very small positive effect on body mass index for school-based studies (SMD -0·03, 95%CI -0·06,-0·01; trials = 93; participants = 131,443; moderate certainty evidence) but not after-school programs, community or home-based studies. Subgroup analysis by age (6-12 years; 13-18 years) found no differential effects in any setting. Meta-regression found no associations between study characteristics (including setting, income level) and intervention effect. Ten of 53 studies assessing adverse effects reported presence of an adverse event. Insufficient data was available to draw conclusions on cost-effectiveness. INTERPRETATION This updated synthesis of obesity prevention interventions for children aged 6-18 years, found a small beneficial impact on child BMI for school-based obesity prevention interventions. A more comprehensive assessment of interventions is required to identify mechanisms of effective interventions to inform future obesity prevention public health policy, which may be particularly salient in for COVID-19 recovery planning. FUNDING This research was funded by the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC), Australia (Application No APP1153479).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca K. Hodder
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Locked Bag 10, Longworth Avenue, Wallsend, NSW 2287, Australia
- College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- National Centre of Implementation Science, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, 29 Kookaburra Drive, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
- Corresponding author at: C/- Hunter New England Population Health, Locked Bag 10, Wallsend NSW 2287 Australia.
| | - Kate M. O'Brien
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Locked Bag 10, Longworth Avenue, Wallsend, NSW 2287, Australia
- College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- National Centre of Implementation Science, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, 29 Kookaburra Drive, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Sasha Lorien
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Locked Bag 10, Longworth Avenue, Wallsend, NSW 2287, Australia
- College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- National Centre of Implementation Science, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, 29 Kookaburra Drive, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Luke Wolfenden
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Locked Bag 10, Longworth Avenue, Wallsend, NSW 2287, Australia
- College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- National Centre of Implementation Science, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, 29 Kookaburra Drive, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Theresa H.M. Moore
- The National Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration West (NIHR ARC West) at University Hospitals Bristol National Health Service Foundation Trust, Whitefriars, Lewins Mean, Bristol, BS1 2NT, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Beacon House, Queens Road, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Alix Hall
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Locked Bag 10, Longworth Avenue, Wallsend, NSW 2287, Australia
- College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- National Centre of Implementation Science, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, 29 Kookaburra Drive, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Sze Lin Yoong
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Locked Bag 10, Longworth Avenue, Wallsend, NSW 2287, Australia
- College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- National Centre of Implementation Science, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, 29 Kookaburra Drive, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
- Global Obesity Centre, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia
| | - Carolyn Summerbell
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Durham University, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
- Fuse, The NIHR Centre for Translational Research in Public Health, United Kingdom
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12
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Chai LK, Farletti R, Fathi L, Littlewood R. A Rapid Review of the Impact of Family-Based Digital Interventions for Obesity Prevention and Treatment on Obesity-Related Outcomes in Primary School-Aged Children. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224837. [PMID: 36432522 PMCID: PMC9698336 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Virtual delivery of obesity prevention and treatment programs may be effective for supporting children and families to adopt healthy lifestyle changes while enhancing program accessibility. This rapid review aimed to summarize the impact of family-based digital interventions for childhood obesity prevention and treatment. Four databases were searched up to February 2021 for trials of interactive digital programs aimed to prevent and/or treat obesity in children aged 5-12 years and reported diet, physical activity, sedentary behavior, sleep, or weight-related outcomes in children. A total of 23 publications (from 18 interventions) were included. Behavior change theories were used in 13 interventions with "Social Cognitive Theory" applied most frequently (n = 9). Interventions included websites (n = 11), text messaging (n = 5), video gaming (n = 2), Facebook (n = 3), and/or mobile applications (n = 2). Studies reported changes in body mass index (BMI; n = 11 studies), diet (n = 11), physical activity (n = 10), screen time (n = 6), and/or sleep (n = 1). Significant improvements were reported for diet (n = 5) or physical activity (n = 4). Two of the six interventions were effective in reducing screen time. Digital interventions have shown modest improvements in child BMI and significant effectiveness in diet and physical activity, with emerging evidence supporting the use of social media and video gaming to enhance program delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Kheng Chai
- Health and Wellbeing Queensland, Queensland Government, Brisbane, QLD 4064, Australia
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Rebecca Farletti
- Health and Wellbeing Queensland, Queensland Government, Brisbane, QLD 4064, Australia
| | - Leila Fathi
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Robyn Littlewood
- Health and Wellbeing Queensland, Queensland Government, Brisbane, QLD 4064, Australia
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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13
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De-Jongh González O, Tugault-Lafleur CN, Buckler EJ, Hamilton J, Ho J, Buchholz A, Morrison KM, Ball GD, Mâsse LC. The Aim2Be mHealth Intervention for Children With Overweight or Obesity and Their Parents: Person-Centered Analyses to Uncover Digital Phenotypes. J Med Internet Res 2022; 24:e35285. [PMID: 35 PMCID: PMC9221987 DOI: 10.2196/35285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the growing number of mobile health (mHealth) interventions targeting childhood obesity, few studies have characterized user typologies derived from individuals’ patterns of interactions with specific app features (digital phenotypes). Objective This study aims to identify digital phenotypes among 214 parent-child dyads who used the Aim2Be mHealth app as part of a randomized controlled trial conducted between 2019 and 2020, and explores whether participants’ characteristics and health outcomes differed across phenotypes. Methods Latent class analysis was used to identify distinct parent and child phenotypes based on their use of the app’s behavioral, gamified, and social features over 3 months. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to assess whether the phenotypes differed by demographic characteristics. Covariate-adjusted mixed-effect models evaluated changes in BMI z scores (zBMI), diet, physical activity, and screen time across phenotypes. Results Among parents, 5 digital phenotypes were identified: socially engaged (35/214, 16.3%), independently engaged (18/214, 8.4%) (socially and independently engaged parents are those who used mainly the social or the behavioral features of the app, respectively), fully engaged (26/214, 12.1%), partially engaged (32/214, 15%), and unengaged (103/214, 48.1%) users. Married parents were more likely to be fully engaged than independently engaged (P=.02) or unengaged (P=.01) users. Socially engaged parents were older than fully engaged (P=.02) and unengaged (P=.01) parents. The latent class analysis revealed 4 phenotypes among children: fully engaged (32/214, 15%), partially engaged (61/214, 28.5%), dabblers (42/214, 19.6%), and unengaged (79/214, 36.9%) users. Fully engaged children were younger than dabblers (P=.04) and unengaged (P=.003) children. Dabblers lived in higher-income households than fully and partially engaged children (P=.03 and P=.047, respectively). Fully engaged children were more likely to have fully engaged (P<.001) and partially engaged (P<.001) parents than unengaged children. Compared with unengaged children, fully and partially engaged children had decreased total sugar (P=.006 and P=.004, respectively) and energy intake (P=.03 and P=.04, respectively) after 3 months of app use. Partially engaged children also had decreased sugary beverage intake compared with unengaged children (P=.03). Similarly, children with fully engaged parents had decreased zBMI, whereas children with unengaged parents had increased zBMI over time (P=.005). Finally, children with independently engaged parents had decreased caloric intake, whereas children with unengaged parents had increased caloric intake over time (P=.02). Conclusions Full parent-child engagement is critical for the success of mHealth interventions. Further research is needed to understand program design elements that can affect participants’ engagement in supporting behavior change. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03651284; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03651284 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR2-10.1186/s13063-020-4080-2
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia De-Jongh González
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Claire N Tugault-Lafleur
- School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Ottawa., Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - E Jean Buckler
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria., Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Jill Hamilton
- Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Josephine Ho
- Cumming School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Annick Buchholz
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Katherine M Morrison
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Geoff Dc Ball
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Louise C Mâsse
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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14
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Tugault-Lafleur CN, De-Jongh González O, Macdonald J, Bradbury J, Warshawski T, Ball GDC, Morrison K, Ho J, Hamilton J, Buchholz A, Mâsse L. Efficacy of the Aim2Be intervention in changing lifestyle behaviours among adolescents with overweight and obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint). J Med Internet Res 2022; 25:e38545. [PMID: 37097726 PMCID: PMC10170359 DOI: 10.2196/38545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aim2Be is a gamified lifestyle app designed to promote lifestyle behavior changes among Canadian adolescents and their families. OBJECTIVE The primary aim was to test the efficacy of the Aim2Be app with support from a live coach to reduce weight outcomes (BMI Z score [zBMI]) and improve lifestyle behaviors among adolescents with overweight and obesity and their parents versus a waitlist control group over 3 months. The secondary aim was to compare health trajectories among waitlist control participants over 6 months (before and after receiving access to the app), assess whether support from a live coach enhanced intervention impact, and evaluate whether the app use influenced changes among intervention participants. METHODS A 2-arm parallel randomized controlled trial was conducted from November 2018 to June 2020. Adolescents aged 10 to 17 years with overweight or obesity and their parents were randomized into an intervention group (Aim2Be with a live coach for 6 months) or a waitlist control group (Aim2Be with no live coach; accessed after 3 months). Adolescents' assessments at baseline and at 3 and 6 months included measured height and weight, 24-hour dietary recalls, and daily step counts measured with a Fitbit. Data on self-reported physical activity, screen time, fruit and vegetable intake, and sugary beverage intake of adolescents and parents were also collected. RESULTS A total of 214 parent-child participants were randomized. In our primary analyses, there were no significant differences in zBMI or any of the health behaviors between the intervention and control groups at 3 months. In our secondary analyses, among waitlist control participants, zBMI (P=.02), discretionary calories (P=.03), and physical activity outside of school (P=.001) declined, whereas daily screen time increased (P<.001) after receiving access to the app compared with before receiving app access. Adolescents randomized to Aim2Be with live coaching reported more time being active outside of school compared with adolescents who used Aim2Be with no coaching over 3 months (P=.001). App use did not modify any changes in outcomes among adolescents in the intervention group. CONCLUSIONS The Aim2Be intervention did not improve zBMI and lifestyle behaviors in adolescents with overweight and obesity compared with the waitlist control group over 3 months. Future studies should explore the potential mediators of changes in zBMI and lifestyle behaviors as well as predictors of engagement. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03651284; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/study/NCT03651284. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) RR2-10.1186/s13063-020-4080-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire N Tugault-Lafleur
- School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Olivia De-Jongh González
- School of Population and Public Health, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Geoff D C Ball
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Katherine Morrison
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Josephine Ho
- Cumming School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jill Hamilton
- Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Annick Buchholz
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO), Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Louise Mâsse
- School of Population and Public Health, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Wang X, Liu J, Gao D, Li Y, Ma Q, Chen L, Chen M, Ma T, Ma Y, Zhang Y, Yang J, Dong Y, Song Y, Ma J. Effectiveness of national multicentric school-based health lifestyles intervention among chinese children and adolescents on knowledge, belief, and practice toward obesity at individual, family and schools' levels. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:917376. [PMID: 36061391 PMCID: PMC9433560 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.917376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the trial of national multicentric school-based health lifestyles intervention toward childhood obesity on the KBP at individual, family and schools' levels. METHODS The national trial was a multi-centered, cluster-controlled trial, which was conducted in seven provinces from September 2013 to February 2014, aiming at preventing childhood overweight and obesity. Integrated intervention strategies focused on changing specific practice related to energy intake and expenditure, such as decreasing the consumption of sweetened fizzy drinks, increasing the consumption of vegetables, ensuring proper protein intake, reducing sedentary practice including screen time, and maintaining at least 1 h of moderate to vigorous physical activity. A total of 27,477 children and adolescents in the control group and 30,997 in the intervention group were recruited with a mean follow-up period of 6.7 months. The binomial response mixed-effects model was used for assessing the effects of the national school-based health lifestyles intervention on obesity-related KBP at students individual, parents' and schools' levels. RESULTS Children and adolescents in the intervention group mastered better obesity-related knowledge, and they had higher correct response rates to all questions about obesity-related knowledge compared to the control group (P < 0.05). In terms of obesity-related belief, individuals in the intervention group was more motivated than the control group, participants in the intervention group had higher correctness of 71.18, 52.94, and 56.60% than the control group of 68.61, 49.86, and 54.43%, (P < 0.05). In addition, healthier habits of eating breakfast and drinking milk every day were observed in the intervention group. For the beliefs toward obesity, parents of the intervention group had higher correctness than the control group. At the same time except for the fruit consumption, other obesity-related practice in the intervention group were healthier than the control group (P < 0.05). Except for some beliefs and practice, the intervention effect at the parent level was not significant in other aspects. CONCLUSION The obesity-related knowledge and beliefs of children and adolescents got improved significantly. However, the effects on the knowledge, beliefs and certain practices of their parents and school administrators failed to reach significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Wang
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jieyu Liu
- School of Public Health, Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Di Gao
- School of Public Health, Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhui Li
- School of Public Health, Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Ma
- School of Public Health, Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Li Chen
- School of Public Health, Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Manman Chen
- School of Public Health, Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Ma
- School of Public Health, Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Ma
- School of Public Health, Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Public Health, Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Jianjun Yang
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yanhui Dong
- School of Public Health, Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Song
- School of Public Health, Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Ma
- School of Public Health, Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
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16
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Ball R, Duncanson K, Ashton L, Bailey A, Burrows TL, Whiteford G, Henström M, Gerathy R, Walton A, Wehlow J, Collins CE. Engaging New Parents in the Development of a Peer Nutrition Education Model Using Participatory Action Research. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 19:102. [PMID: 35010363 PMCID: PMC8750105 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the implementation model and research methods of a peer education program for new parents focused on infant feeding and nutrition. Two hundred and sixty-nine parents with an infant aged birth to two years old were invited to become co-researchers in a Participatory Action Research (PAR) study over three years. Data included focus group and online participant meeting transcripts, social media data, correspondence between the implementation team and peer educators, and field notes. All data were consolidated regularly and discussed by project participants and the research team. After each PAR cycle, structured content analysis was conducted, informing the next iteration of the implementation model and research methods. Participating parents were highly engaged in child feeding peer-to-peer education, but felt more effective and comfortable being considered as a child-feeding information resource sharer or 'champion' rather than a formal peer educator. Similarly, quantitative data collection was only effective when it was integrated seamlessly into the implementation model. PAR methodology suited the diversity and dynamic real-life study setting, facilitating substantial improvements to the peer nutrition intervention model and data collection methods. Our study demonstrated that a genuine collaboration between health professionals and participants to implement research in practice can achieve both intervention outcomes and research aims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Ball
- Mid North Coast Local Health District, Port Macquarie, NSW 2444, Australia; (A.B.); (G.W.); (R.G.); (A.W.); (J.W.)
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (K.D.); (L.A.); (T.L.B.); (M.H.); (C.E.C.)
| | - Kerith Duncanson
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (K.D.); (L.A.); (T.L.B.); (M.H.); (C.E.C.)
- Health Education and Training Institute (HETI), 1 Reserve Road, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Lee Ashton
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (K.D.); (L.A.); (T.L.B.); (M.H.); (C.E.C.)
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Education, College of Human and Social Futures, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Andrew Bailey
- Mid North Coast Local Health District, Port Macquarie, NSW 2444, Australia; (A.B.); (G.W.); (R.G.); (A.W.); (J.W.)
| | - Tracy L. Burrows
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (K.D.); (L.A.); (T.L.B.); (M.H.); (C.E.C.)
| | - Gail Whiteford
- Mid North Coast Local Health District, Port Macquarie, NSW 2444, Australia; (A.B.); (G.W.); (R.G.); (A.W.); (J.W.)
- School of Community Health, Charles Sturt University, Port Macquarie, NSW 2444, Australia
| | - Maria Henström
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (K.D.); (L.A.); (T.L.B.); (M.H.); (C.E.C.)
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 14183 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Rachel Gerathy
- Mid North Coast Local Health District, Port Macquarie, NSW 2444, Australia; (A.B.); (G.W.); (R.G.); (A.W.); (J.W.)
| | - Alison Walton
- Mid North Coast Local Health District, Port Macquarie, NSW 2444, Australia; (A.B.); (G.W.); (R.G.); (A.W.); (J.W.)
| | - Jennifer Wehlow
- Mid North Coast Local Health District, Port Macquarie, NSW 2444, Australia; (A.B.); (G.W.); (R.G.); (A.W.); (J.W.)
| | - Clare E. Collins
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (K.D.); (L.A.); (T.L.B.); (M.H.); (C.E.C.)
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17
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Park J, Park MJ, Seo YG. Effectiveness of Information and Communication Technology on Obesity in Childhood and Adolescence: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e29003. [PMID: 34787572 PMCID: PMC8726568 DOI: 10.2196/29003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Internet or mobile device use as a form of information and communication technology (ICT) can be more effective in weight loss and weight maintenance than traditional obesity interventions. Objective The study aims to assess the effectiveness of child-centered ICT interventions on obesity-related outcomes. Methods Articles were retrieved from the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, and PubMed web-based databases. We selected randomized controlled trials in which the participants were aged <18 years. The primary outcomes were BMI, body weight, BMI z-score, waist circumference, and percentage body fat. Results In total, 10 of the initial 14,867 studies identified in the databases were selected according to the inclusion criteria. A total of 640 participants were included in the intervention group and 619 in the comparator group. Meta-analyses were conducted considering various subgroups (intervention type, comparator type, target participants, mean age, sex, BMI status, and follow-up period). Overall, ICT interventions demonstrated no significant effect on BMI, body weight, BMI z-score, waist circumference, and percentage body fat. Subgroup analyses revealed that the effect of the intervention was statistically significant for the following: web intervention (weighted mean difference [WMD]=−1.26 kg/m2, 95% CI −2.24 to −0.28), lifestyle modification comparator (WMD=−1.75, 95% CI −2.76 to −0.74), intervention involving both boys and girls (WMD=−1.30, 95% CI −2.14 to −0.46), and intervention involving obesity only (WMD=−1.92, 95% CI −3.75 to −0.09). Conclusions The meta-analysis results for children with obesity who used the web intervention program confirmed significant effects on BMI reduction compared with lifestyle modification. Evidence from the meta-analysis identified internet technology as a useful tool for weight loss in children with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Jeong Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Gyun Seo
- Department of Family Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea
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Moorman EL, Koskela-Staples NC, Mathai BB, Fedele DA, Janicke DM. Pediatric Obesity Treatment via Telehealth: Current Evidence and Future Directions. Curr Obes Rep 2021; 10:371-384. [PMID: 34302603 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-021-00446-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Telehealth delivery of pediatric weight management interventions may address time, travel, and cost barriers to in-person interventions, thus improving accessibility. This narrative review highlights findings from the past 5 years of pediatric lifestyle interventions for weight management that utilize telehealth for treatment delivery. We describe impressions and future directions. RECENT FINDINGS We identified and included 20 studies that described unique interventions from the past 5 years. The majority of reviewed studies indicated statistically significant reductions in BMI z-scores, high retention and attendance, and high satisfaction. However, mean decreases in BMI z-scores were marginal (approximately 0.10) in all but two studies. Studies did not often report effect sizes. Pediatric telehealth weight management interventions demonstrate good feasibility and acceptability. Improvement in reporting results and more rigorous research, including use of randomized designs, recruitment of larger samples, and incorporation of extended follow-up is needed to determine clinical impact and magnitude of effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin L Moorman
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Babetta B Mathai
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - David A Fedele
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - David M Janicke
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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19
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Byaruhanga J, Atorkey P, McLaughlin M, Brown A, Byrnes E, Paul C, Wiggers J, Tzelepis F. Effectiveness of Individual Real-Time Video Counseling on Smoking, Nutrition, Alcohol, Physical Activity, and Obesity Health Risks: Systematic Review. J Med Internet Res 2020; 22:e18621. [PMID: 32915156 PMCID: PMC7519427 DOI: 10.2196/18621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Real-time video communication technology allows virtual face-to-face interactions between the provider and the user, and can be used to modify risk factors for smoking, nutrition, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and obesity. No systematic reviews have examined the effectiveness of individual real-time video counseling for addressing each of the risk factors for smoking, nutrition, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and obesity. Objective This systematic review aims to examine the effectiveness of individually delivered real-time video counseling on risk factors for smoking, nutrition, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and obesity. Methods The MEDLINE (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online), EMBASE (Excerpta Medica Database), PsycINFO, Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials, and Scopus databases were searched for eligible studies published up to November 21, 2019. Eligible studies were randomized or cluster randomized trials that tested the effectiveness of individual real-time video communication interventions on smoking, nutrition, alcohol, physical activity, and obesity in any population or setting; the comparator was a no-intervention control group or any other mode of support (eg, telephone); and an English-language publication. Results A total of 13 studies were eligible. Four studies targeted smoking, 3 alcohol, 3 physical activity, and 3 obesity. In 2 of the physical activity studies, real-time video counseling was found to significantly increase physical activity when compared with usual care at week 9 and after 5 years. Two obesity studies found a significant change in BMI between a video counseling and a documents group, with significantly greater weight loss in the video counseling group than the in-person as well as the control groups. One study found that those in the video counseling group were significantly more likely than those in the telephone counseling group to achieve smoking cessation. The remaining studies found no significant differences between video counseling and telephone counseling or face-to-face counseling for smoking cessation, video counseling and face-to-face treatment on alcohol consumption, video counseling and no counseling for physical activity, and video counseling and face-to-face treatment on BMI. The global methodological quality rating was moderate in 1 physical activity study, whereas 12 studies had a weak global rating. Conclusions Video counseling is potentially more effective than a control group or other modes of support in addressing physical inactivity and obesity and is not less effective in modifying smoking and alcohol consumption. Further research is required to determine the relative benefits of video counseling in terms of other policy and practice decision-making factors such as costs and feasibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Byaruhanga
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,Hunter New England Population Health, Wallsend, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, Faculty of Health & Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Prince Atorkey
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,Hunter New England Population Health, Wallsend, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, Faculty of Health & Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Matthew McLaughlin
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,Hunter New England Population Health, Wallsend, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, Faculty of Health & Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Alison Brown
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,Hunter New England Population Health, Wallsend, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, Faculty of Health & Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Emma Byrnes
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Australia
| | - Christine Paul
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, Faculty of Health & Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - John Wiggers
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,Hunter New England Population Health, Wallsend, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, Faculty of Health & Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Flora Tzelepis
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,Hunter New England Population Health, Wallsend, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, Faculty of Health & Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
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20
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Haslam R, Taylor RM, Whatnall M, Collins CE. Dietary intake in health and disease, challenges in measuring and reporting diet-disease relationships. Nutr Diet 2019; 76:501-506. [PMID: 31760689 DOI: 10.1111/1747-0080.12595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Haslam
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, 2308, Australia.,School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, 2308, Australia
| | - Rachael M Taylor
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, 2308, Australia.,School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, 2308, Australia
| | - Megan Whatnall
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, 2308, Australia.,School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, 2308, Australia
| | - Clare E Collins
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, 2308, Australia.,School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, 2308, Australia
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21
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Chai LK, Collins CE, May C, Holder C, Burrows TL. Accuracy of Parent-Reported Child Height and Weight and Calculated Body Mass Index Compared With Objectively Measured Anthropometrics: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res 2019; 21:e12532. [PMID: 31538954 PMCID: PMC6754693 DOI: 10.2196/12532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Electronic health (eHealth) interventions for children often rely on parent-reported child anthropometric measures. However, limited studies have assessed parental accuracy in reporting child height and weight via Web-based approaches. Objective The objective of this study was to determine the accuracy of parent-reported child height and weight, as well as body mass index and weight category that we calculated from these data. We also aimed to explore whether parent report was influenced by age, sex, weight status, or exposure to participation in a 12-week brief Web-based family lifestyle intervention. Methods This study was a secondary analysis of data from a 12-week childhood obesity pilot randomized controlled trial in families with children aged 4 to 11 years in Australia. We asked parents to report demographic information, including child height and weight, using an online survey before their child’s height and weight were objectively measured by a trained research assistant at baseline and week 12. We analyzed data using the Lin concordance correlation coefficient (ρc, ranging from 0 [poor] to ±1 [perfect] concordance), Cohen kappa coefficient, and multivariable linear regression models. Results There were 42 families at baseline and 35 families (83%) at week 12. Overall, the accuracy of parent-reported child height was moderate (ρc=.94), accuracy of weight was substantial (ρc=.96), and accuracy of calculated body mass index was poor (ρc=.63). Parents underreported child height and weight, respectively, by 0.9 cm and 0.5 kg at baseline and by 0.2 cm and 1.6 kg after participating in a 12-week brief Web-based family lifestyle intervention. The overall interrater agreement of child body mass index category was moderate at baseline (κ=.59) and week 12 (κ=.54). The weight category calculated from 74% (n=31) and 70% (n=23) of parent-reported child height and weight was accurate at baseline and week 12, respectively. Parental age was significantly (95% CI –0.52 to –0.06; P=.01) associated with accuracy of reporting child height. Child age was significantly (95% CI –2.34 to –0.06; P=.04) associated with reporting of child weight. Conclusions Most Australian parents were reasonably accurate in reporting child height and weight among a group of children aged 4 to 11 years. The weight category of most of the children when calculated from parent-reported data was in agreement with the objectively measured data despite the body mass index calculated from parent-reported data having poor concordance at both time points. Online parent-reported child height and weight may be a valid method of collecting child anthropometric data ahead of participation in a Web-based program. Future studies with larger sample sizes and repeated measures over time in the context of eHealth research are warranted. Future studies should consider modeling the impact of calibration equations applied to parent-reported anthropometric data on study outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Kheng Chai
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, Australia
| | - Clare E Collins
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, Australia
| | - Chris May
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,Family Action Centre, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Carl Holder
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, Australia
| | - Tracy L Burrows
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, Australia
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Chai LK, Collins CE, May C, Brown LJ, Ashman A, Burrows TL. Fidelity and acceptability of a family-focused technology-based telehealth nutrition intervention for child weight management. J Telemed Telecare 2019; 27:98-109. [PMID: 31390947 DOI: 10.1177/1357633x19864819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous reviews of family-based interventions for childhood obesity treatment found that studies were of low methodological quality with inadequate details reported, especially related to intervention fidelity. The evaluation of fidelity is crucial to inform interpretation of the intervention outcomes. This study aimed to summarise intervention fidelity, participants' acceptability and satisfaction with a 12-week family-focused technology-based child nutrition and weight management intervention. METHODS Families with children aged 4-11 years participated in a telehealth intervention with complementary components: website, Facebook group and text messages. Intervention fidelity was reported using National Institutes of Health Treatment Fidelity Framework. Delivery was measured using a dietitian-reported evaluation survey. Google Analytics and Bitly platform were used to objectively track data on frequency and pattern of intervention use. Participants' acceptability and satisfaction were measured using a process evaluation survey. RESULTS Telehealth consultations delivered by trained dietitians had good adherence (≥83%) to the structured content. Process evaluation results indicated that parents (n = 30; mean age 41 years, 97% were female, body mass index 30 kg/m2) found the intervention components easy to use/understand (87-100%), the programme had improved their family/child eating habits (93%), and they wanted to continue using telehealth and the website, as well as recommending it to other parents (90-91%). DISCUSSION In summary, a family-focused technology-based child nutrition and weight management intervention using telehealth, website, Facebook and SMS can be delivered by trained dietitians with good fidelity and attain high acceptability and satisfaction among families with primary-school-aged children in New South Wales, Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Kheng Chai
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Australia.,Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, The University of Newcastle, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Australia
| | - Clare E Collins
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Australia.,Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, The University of Newcastle, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Australia
| | - Chris May
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Australia.,Family Action Centre, The University of Newcastle, Australia
| | - Leanne J Brown
- Department of Rural Health, The University of Newcastle, Australia
| | - Amy Ashman
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Australia.,Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, The University of Newcastle, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Australia
| | - Tracy L Burrows
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Australia.,Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, The University of Newcastle, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Australia
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