1
|
Wang X, He B. Insight into endothelial cell-derived extracellular vesicles in cardiovascular disease: Molecular mechanisms and clinical implications. Pharmacol Res 2024; 207:107309. [PMID: 39009292 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
The endothelium is crucial in regulating vascular function. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) serve as membranous structures released by cells to facilitate intercellular communication through the delivery of nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins to recipient cells in an paracrine or endocrine manner. Endothelial cell-derived EVs (EndoEVs) have been identified as both biomarkers and significant contributors to the occurrence and progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The impact of EndoEVs on CVD is complex and contingent upon the condition of donor cells, the molecular cargo within EVs, and the characteristics of recipient cells. Consequently, elucidating the underlying molecular mechanisms of EndoEVs is crucial for comprehending their contributions to CVD. Moreover, a thorough understanding of the composition and function of EndoEVs is imperative for their potential clinical utility. This review aims provide an up-to-date overview of EndoEVs in the context of physiology and pathophysiology, as well as to discuss their prospective clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, China
| | - Ben He
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yücesoy E, Demir Yenigürbüz F, Ateş H, Tüzün F, Duman N, Özkan H, Ören H. Effect of hyperbilirubinemia and phototherapy on apoptotic microparticle levels in neonates. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2024; 35:227-231. [PMID: 38973516 DOI: 10.1097/mbc.0000000000001297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate the effect of hyperbilirubinemia and phototherapy on total apoptotic, platelet-derived, endothelial-derived, and tissue factor (TF)-positive apoptotic microparticle (MP) levels in neonates with nonhemolytic pathologic hyperbilirubinemia. METHODS Thirty-three term neonates with nonhemolytic pathologic hyperbilirubinemia and 25 healthy term neonates were included. MP levels were analyzed by flow cytometry using peripheral blood samples only once for the neonates in the control group and twice for the neonates in the study group (before and after phototherapy). Annexin V-positive MPs were defined as apoptotic MPs. Platelet-derived MPs were defined as those containing CD31. MPs containing CD144 were defined as endothelial-derived MPs, and MPs expressing TF were identified as those containing CD142. RESULTS The rates of total apoptotic and endothelial-derived apoptotic MPs were significantly higher in the study group than the control group before phototherapy (P = 0.012 and P = 0.003, respectively) and after phototherapy (P = 0.046 and P = 0.001, respectively). Total apoptotic, platelet-derived, endothelial-derived, and TF-positive apoptotic MPs did not show any significant differences before and after phototherapy in the study group (P = 0.908, P = 0.823, P = 0.748, and P = 0.437, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that total apoptotic and endothelial-derived apoptotic MPs are increased in cases of nonhemolytic pathologic hyperbilirubinemia. We showed that phototherapy does not have a significant effect on apoptotic MP levels. Further studies are needed to evaluate the risk of elevated apoptotic MPs on the development of thromboembolism in neonates with nonhemolytic pathologic hyperbilirubinemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Yücesoy
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology
| | - Fatma Demir Yenigürbüz
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology, Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine
| | - Halil Ateş
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dokuz Eylül University Institute of Oncology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Funda Tüzün
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology
| | - Nuray Duman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology
| | - Hasan Özkan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology
| | - Hale Ören
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology, Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Garcia VP, Fandl HK, Hijmans JG, Berry AR, Cardenas HL, Stockelman KA, DeSouza NM, Treuth JW, Greiner JJ, Park AJ, Stauffer BL, DeSouza CA. Effects of circulating endothelial microvesicles isolated from adults with obesity on endothelial cell inflammation, apoptosis, and nitric oxide production. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2024; 326:E38-E49. [PMID: 37991453 PMCID: PMC11193534 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00139.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Circulating endothelial cell-derived microvesicles (EMVs) have been shown to be elevated with obesity and associated with endothelial dysfunction; however, their direct effect on endothelial cells is unknown. The experimental aim of this study was to determine the effect of EMVs isolated from adults with obesity on endothelial cell inflammation, apoptosis, and nitric oxide (NO) production. EMVs (CD144+ microvesicles) were identified, enumerated, and isolated from plasma by flow cytometry from 24 sedentary adults: 12 normal-weight adults [8 M/4 F; age: 55 ± 6 yr; body mass index (BMI): 24.3 ± 0.7 kg/m2; EMV: 144 ± 53 EMVs/µL] and 12 adults with obesity (6 M/6 F; 59 ± 7 yr; BMI: 31.0 ± 1.1 kg/m2; EMV: 245 ± 89 EMVs/µL). Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were cultured and treated with EMVs from either normal-weight adults or adults with obesity. EMVs from obese adults induced significantly higher release of interleukin (IL)-6 (108.2 ± 7.7 vs. 90.9 ± 10.0 pg/mL) and IL-8 (75.4 ± 9.8 vs. 59.5 ± 11.5 pg/mL) from endothelial cells vs. EMVs from normal-weight adults, concordant with greater intracellular expression of phosphorylated NF-κB p65 (Ser536; active NF-κB) [145.0 ± 34.1 vs. 114.5 ± 30.4 arbitrary units (AU)]. Expression of phosphorylated p38-MAPK (15.4 ± 5.7 vs. 9.2 ± 2.5 AU) and active caspase-3 (168.2 ± 65.5 vs. 107.8 ± 40.5 AU), markers of cell apoptosis, was higher in cells treated with obesity-related EMVs. Phosphorylated endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) (Ser1177) expression (23.5 ± 7.2 vs. 34.7 ± 9.7 AU) and NO production (6.9 ± 1.4 vs. 8.7 ± 0.7 µmol/L) were significantly lower in the cells treated with EMVs from obese adults. These data indicate that circulating EMVs from adults with obesity promote a proinflammatory, proapoptotic, and NO-compromised endothelial phenotype. Circulating EMVs are a potential mediator of obesity-related endothelial dysfunction.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In the present study, we determined the effect of circulating endothelial cell-derived microvesicles (EMVs) isolated from adults with obesity on endothelial cell inflammation, apoptosis, and nitric oxide (NO) production in vitro. Circulating EMVs harvested from adults with obesity promoted a proinflammatory, proapoptotic, and NO-compromised endothelial phenotype. Elevated circulating EMVs in adults with obesity, independent of other cardiometabolic risk factors, are a potential novel systemic mediator of obesity-related endothelial dysfunction and vascular risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius P Garcia
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| | - Hannah K Fandl
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| | - Jamie G Hijmans
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| | - Auburn R Berry
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| | - Hannah L Cardenas
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| | - Kelly A Stockelman
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| | - Noah M DeSouza
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| | - J William Treuth
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| | - Jared J Greiner
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| | - Andrew J Park
- Rocky Mountain Regional Spinal Injury System, Craig Hospital, Englewood, Colorado, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Denver, Colorado, United States
| | - Brian L Stauffer
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Denver, Colorado, United States
- Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, Colorado, United States
| | - Christopher A DeSouza
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Denver, Colorado, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Howard C, Joof F, Hu R, Smith JD, Zheng Y. Probing cerebral malaria inflammation in 3D human brain microvessels. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113253. [PMID: 37819760 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Sequestration of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes (IEs) in the brain microcirculation is a hallmark of cerebral malaria (CM), which leads to endothelial activation, brain swelling, and death. Here, we probed CM inflammation in a perfusable 3D human brain microvessel model. 3D brain microvessels supported in vivo-like capacities for parasite binding and maturation in situ, leading to a distinct inflammatory response from the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). By combining transcriptional analysis, imaging, and leukocyte perfusion, we showed that whereas TNF-α promotes a reversible inflammatory phenotype with widespread leukocyte recruitment, parasites induce unique stress response pathways and cause localized cell adhesivity changes, focal endothelial disruptions, and apoptosis. Furthermore, parasites modified the temporal kinetics of the TNF transcriptional response, suggesting augmented inflammatory damage with the two sequential stimuli. Our findings offer mechanistic insights into CM biology in a 3D brain microvessel mimetic platform and suggest that multiple events intersect to promote brain barrier inflammation in CM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Howard
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Fatou Joof
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Ruoqian Hu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Joseph D Smith
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Ying Zheng
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Angelov AK, Markov M, Ivanova M, Georgiev T. The genesis of cardiovascular risk in inflammatory arthritis: insights into glycocalyx shedding, endothelial dysfunction, and atherosclerosis initiation. Clin Rheumatol 2023; 42:2541-2555. [PMID: 37581758 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-023-06738-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
This narrative review provides a comprehensive examination of the complex interplay between inflammatory arthritis (IA) and cardiovascular pathology. It particularly illuminates the roles of atherosclerosis initiation, endothelial dysfunction, and glycocalyx shedding. IA not only provokes tissue-specific inflammatory responses, but also engenders a considerable degree of non-specific systemic inflammation. This review underscores the accelerating influence of the chronic inflammatory milieu of IA on cardiovascular disease (CVD) progression. A focal point of our exploration is the critical function of the endothelial glycocalyx (EG) in this acceleration process, which possibly characterizes the earliest phases of atherosclerosis. We delve into the influence of inflammatory mediators on microtubule dynamics, EG modulation, immune cell migration and activation, and lipid dysregulation. We also illuminate the impact of microparticles and microRNA on endothelial function. Further, we elucidate the role of systemic inflammation and sheddases in EG degradation, the repercussions of complement activation, and the essential role of syndecans in preserving EG integrity. Our review provides insight into the complex and dynamic interface between systemic circulation and the endothelium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Krasimirov Angelov
- Medical Faculty, Medical University - Sofia, Sofia, 1431, Bulgaria
- Clinic of Rheumatology, University Hospital St. Ivan Rilski - Sofia, Sofia, 1431, Bulgaria
| | - Miroslav Markov
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University - Varna, Varna, 9002, Bulgaria
- Clinic of Internal Medicine, University Hospital St. Marina - Varna, Varna, 9010, Bulgaria
| | - Mariana Ivanova
- Medical Faculty, Medical University - Sofia, Sofia, 1431, Bulgaria
- Clinic of Rheumatology, University Hospital St. Ivan Rilski - Sofia, Sofia, 1431, Bulgaria
| | - Tsvetoslav Georgiev
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University - Varna, Varna, 9002, Bulgaria.
- Clinic of Rheumatology, University Hospital St. Marina - Varna, Varna, 9002, Bulgaria.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cardenas HL, Evanoff NG, Fandl HK, Berry AR, Wegerson KN, Ostrander EI, Greiner JJ, Dufresne SR, Kotlyar M, Dengel DR, DeSouza CA, Garcia VP. Endothelial-derived extracellular vesicles associated with electronic cigarette use impair cerebral microvascular cell function. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 135:271-278. [PMID: 37348012 PMCID: PMC10393369 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00243.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of circulating endothelial cell-derived microvesicles (EMVs) isolated from e-cigarette users on human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (hCMECs) nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin (ET)-1 production and tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) release. Circulating EMVs (CD144-PE) were isolated (flow cytometry) from 27 young adults (19-25 yr): 10 nonsmokers (6 M/4 F), 10 e-cigarette users (6 M/4 F), and 7 tobacco cigarette smokers (4 M/3 F). hCMECs were cultured and treated with isolated EMVs for 24 h. EMVs from e-cigarette users and cigarette smokers induced significantly higher expression of p-eNOS (Thr495; 28.4 ± 4.6 vs. 29.1 ± 2.8 vs. 22.9 ± 3.8 AU), Big ET-1 (138.8 ± 19.0 vs. 141.7 ± 19.1 vs. 90.3 ± 18.8 AU) and endothelin converting enzyme (107.6 ± 10.1 and 113.5 ± 11.8 vs. 86.5 ± 13.2 AU), and significantly lower expression of p-eNOS (Ser1177; 7.4 ± 1.7 vs. 6.5 ± 0.5 vs. 9.7 ± 1.6 AU) in hCMECs than EMVs from nonsmokers. NO production was significantly lower and ET-1 production was significantly higher in hCMECs treated with EMVs from e-cigarette (5.7 ± 0.8 µmol/L; 33.1 ± 2.9 pg/mL) and cigarette smokers (6.3 ± 0.7 µmol/L; 32.1 ± 3.9 pg/mL) than EMVs from nonsmokers (7.6 ± 1.2 µmol/L; 27.9 ± 3.1 pg/mL). t-PA release in response to thrombin was significantly lower in hCMECs treated with EMVs from e-cigarette users (from 38.8 ± 6.3 to 37.4 ± 8.3 pg/mL) and cigarette smokers (31.5 ± 5.5 to 34.6 ± 8.4 pg/mL) than EMVs from nonsmokers (38.9 ± 4.3 to 48.4 ± 7.9 pg/mL). There were no significant differences in NO, ET-1, or t-PA protein expression or production in hCMECs treated with EMVs from e-cigarette users and smokers. Circulating EMVs associated with e-cigarette use adversely affects brain microvascular endothelial cells and may contribute to reported cerebrovascular dysfunction with e-cigarette use.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In the present study, we determined the effect of circulating endothelial cell-derived microvesicles (EMVs) isolated from e-cigarette users on human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (hCMECs) nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin (ET)-1 production and tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) release. EMVs from e-cigarette users reduced brain microvascular endothelial cell NO production, enhanced ET-1 production, and impaired endothelial t-PA release. EMVs are a potential mediating factor in the increased risk of stroke associated with e-cigarette use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah L Cardenas
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| | - Nicholas G Evanoff
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Hannah K Fandl
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| | - Auburn R Berry
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| | - Kendra N Wegerson
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| | - Emily I Ostrander
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| | - Jared J Greiner
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| | - Sheena R Dufresne
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Michael Kotlyar
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Donald R Dengel
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Christopher A DeSouza
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| | - Vinicius P Garcia
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Park AJ, Fandl HK, Garcia VP, Coombs GB, DeSouza NM, Greiner JJ, Barak OF, Mijacika T, Dujic Z, Ainslie PN, DeSouza CA. Differential Expression of Vascular-Related MicroRNA in Circulating Endothelial Microvesicles in Adults With Spinal Cord Injury: A Pilot Study. Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil 2023; 29:34-42. [PMID: 37235195 PMCID: PMC10208256 DOI: 10.46292/sci22-00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Background Spinal cord injury (SCI) is associated with an increased risk and prevalence of cardiopulmonary and cerebrovascular disease-related morbidity and mortality. The factors that initiate, promote, and accelerate vascular diseases and events in SCI are poorly understood. Clinical interest in circulating endothelial cell-derived microvesicles (EMVs) and their microRNA (miRNA) cargo has intensified due to their involvement in endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis, and cerebrovascular events. Objectives The aim of this study was to determine whether a subset of vascular-related miRNAs is differentially expressed in EMVs isolated from adults with SCI. Methods We assessed eight adults with tetraplegia (7 male/1 female; age: 46±4 years; time since injury: 26±5 years) and eight uninjured (6 male/2 female; age: 39±3 years). Circulating EMVs were isolated, enumerated, and collected from plasma by flow cytometry. The expression of vascular-related miRNAs in EMVs was assessed by RT-PCR. Results Circulating EMV levels were significantly higher (~130%) in adults with SCI compared with uninjured adults. The expression profile of miRNAs in EMVs from adults with SCI were significantly different than uninjured adults and were pathologic in nature. Expression of miR-126, miR-132, and miR-Let-7a were lower (~100-150%; p < .05), whereas miR-30a, miR-145, miR-155, and miR-216 were higher (~125-450%; p < .05) in EMVs from adults with SCI. Conclusion This study is the first examination of EMV miRNA cargo in adults with SCI. The cargo signature of vascular-related miRNAs studied reflects a pathogenic EMV phenotype prone to induce inflammation, atherosclerosis, and vascular dysfunction. EMVs and their miRNA cargo represent a novel biomarker of vascular risk and a potential target for intervention to alleviate vascular-related disease after SCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Park
- Rocky Mountain Regional Spinal Injury System, Craig Hospital, Englewood, Colorado
- University of Colorado, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Hannah K Fandl
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Vinicius P Garcia
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Geoff B Coombs
- University of Western Ontario, School of Kinesiology, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Noah M DeSouza
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jared J Greiner
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Otto F Barak
- Department of Sports Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Tanja Mijacika
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Zeljko Dujic
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Philip N Ainslie
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christopher A DeSouza
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mause SF, Berger M, Lim HY, Vogt F, Brandenburg V, Stöhr R. Intravenous iron supplementation in heart failure patients induces temporary endothelial dysfunction with release of endothelial microvesicles. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1092704. [PMID: 36761158 PMCID: PMC9904167 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1092704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Intravenous iron supplementation is an established therapy for patients with heart failure (HF) and concomitant iron deficiency reducing the risk of HF hospitalization. However, concerns persist regarding potential adverse vascular effects, since iron may induce oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis of endothelial cells. To assess endothelial health following ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) administration, we analyzed the profile of circulating endothelial microvesicles (EMVs) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in a cohort of 23 HF patients using flow cytometry. Results Compared to healthy subjects, baseline levels of CD31+/CD41- EMVs were higher and EMVs featured a more apoptotic phenotype in HF patients. Following FCM administration, EMV levels showed a rapid but transient increase and displayed an altered phenotype profile with dominant augmentation of EMVs expressing inducible markers CD62E and CD54, indicating endothelial inflammatory activation and injury. Levels of circulating vasoregenerative CD45lowCD34+KDR+ EPCs were lower in HF patients and FCM application resulted in an early decrease of EPCs followed by substantial mobilization into the circulation after one week. Levels of EMVs and EPCs returned to baseline values within two and four weeks, respectively. HF patients with additional chronic kidney disease showed an elevated EMV/EPC ratio and diminished EPC mobilization, suggesting impaired vascular repair capacity. Providing a mechanistic link, in vitro experiments with cultured endothelial cells revealed that FCM dose-dependently promotes endothelial apoptosis, increases expression of adhesion molecules and CXCL12, and triggers generation of EMVs. Conclusion Intravenous iron supplementation with FCM in HF patients induces a biphasic response with initial increased release of CD62E+ and CD54+ enriched EMVs and subsequent mobilization of EPCs, indicating endothelial dysfunction upon FCM and suggesting consecutive engagement of a defense program aimed to reconstitute vascular health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian F. Mause
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany,*Correspondence: Sebastian F. Mause,
| | - Martin Berger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Hwee Ying Lim
- Immunology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Felix Vogt
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Vincent Brandenburg
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Rhein-Maas Klinikum, Wuerselen, Germany
| | - Robert Stöhr
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lugo-Gavidia LM, Burger D, Nolde JM, Carnagarin R, Chan J, Bosio E, Matthews VB, Schlaich MP. Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles correlate with therapy-induced nocturnal blood pressure changes. J Hypertens 2022; 40:2210-2218. [PMID: 35950995 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Elevated nocturnal blood pressure (BP) is closely associated with increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) events. Circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been proposed as a potential CV risk biomarker and shown to correlate with BP. The present study aimed to assess whether a reduction in BP is paralleled by respective changes in EVs. METHODS Fifty-five hypertensive patients (age: 57.7 ± 14.1 years) were included in the study. EVs and BP were assessed at baseline and at 12 weeks follow-up. Interventions to lower BP included advice on life-style modification only or life-style advice combined with additional pharmacotherapy. EVs were evaluated by flow cytometry (CD41+/Annexin V+) and BP by unobserved automated office BP and ambulatory BP monitoring. RESULTS Nocturnal systolic BP correlated with EV levels at baseline ( P = 0.01). Multivariable regression models showed that changes in nocturnal systolic BP (adjusted R2 = 0.23; P = 0.01) and diastolic BP (adjusted R2 = 0.18; P = 0.02) were associated with respective changes in EV levels. Furthermore, intervention-induced improvement of systolic dipping was associated with a reduction in EVs in the univariate analysis (adjusted R2 = 0.06; P = 0.03). In contrast, systolic office, 24 h- and daytime-BP did not show significant associations with EVs. Patients whose medication was up-titrated at baseline showed a trend towards lower EV levels at follow-up (absolute change of -1.7 ± 1.3 EV/μl; P = 0.057). CONCLUSIONS Circulating platelet-derived EVs were positively associated with nocturnal BP and therapy-induced changes over a 12-week treatment period. EVs may provide an integrated measure of BP changes achieved with pharmacotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Marisol Lugo-Gavidia
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, Medical School - Royal Perth Hospital Unit, Royal Perth Hospital Medical Research Foundation, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Dylan Burger
- Kidney Research Centre, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Janis M Nolde
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, Medical School - Royal Perth Hospital Unit, Royal Perth Hospital Medical Research Foundation, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Revathy Carnagarin
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, Medical School - Royal Perth Hospital Unit, Royal Perth Hospital Medical Research Foundation, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Justine Chan
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, Medical School - Royal Perth Hospital Unit, Royal Perth Hospital Medical Research Foundation, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Erika Bosio
- Centre for Clinical Research in Emergency Medicine, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research
| | - Vance B Matthews
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, Medical School - Royal Perth Hospital Unit, Royal Perth Hospital Medical Research Foundation, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Markus P Schlaich
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, Medical School - Royal Perth Hospital Unit, Royal Perth Hospital Medical Research Foundation, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Department of Internal Medicine
- Departments of Cardiology and Nephrology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Circulating Microparticles Are Differentially Increased in Lowlanders and Highlanders with High Altitude Induced Pulmonary Hypertension during the Cold Season. Cells 2022; 11:cells11192932. [PMID: 36230894 PMCID: PMC9563667 DOI: 10.3390/cells11192932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of microparticles (MPs) and cold in high altitude pulmonary hypertension (HAPH) remains unexplored. We investigated the impact of long-term cold exposure on the pulmonary circulation in lowlanders and high-altitude natives and the role of MPs. Pulmonary hemodynamics were evaluated using Doppler echocardiography at the end of the colder and warmer seasons. We further examined the miRNA content of MPs isolated from the study participants and studied their effects on human pulmonary artery smooth muscle (hPASMCs) and endothelial cells (hPAECs). Long-term exposure to cold environment was associated with an enhanced pulmonary artery pressure in highlanders. Plasma levels of CD62E-positive and CD68-positive MPs increased in response to cold in lowlanders and HAPH highlanders. The miRNA-210 expression contained in MPs differentially changed in response to cold in lowlanders and highlanders. MPs isolated from lowlanders and highlanders increased proliferation and reduced apoptosis of hPASMCs. Further, MPs isolated from warm-exposed HAPH highlanders and cold-exposed highlanders exerted the most pronounced effects on VEGF expression in hPAECs. We demonstrated that prolonged exposure to cold is associated with elevated pulmonary artery pressures, which are most pronounced in high-altitude residents. Further, the numbers of circulating MPs are differentially increased in lowlanders and HAPH highlanders during the colder season.
Collapse
|
11
|
Santos-Gomes J, Gandra I, Adão R, Perros F, Brás-Silva C. An Overview of Circulating Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Biomarkers. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:924873. [PMID: 35911521 PMCID: PMC9333554 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.924873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), also known as Group 1 Pulmonary Hypertension (PH), is a PH subset characterized by pulmonary vascular remodeling and pulmonary arterial obstruction. PAH has an estimated incidence of 15-50 people per million in the United States and Europe, and is associated with high mortality and morbidity, with patients' survival time after diagnosis being only 2.8 years. According to current guidelines, right heart catheterization is the gold standard for diagnostic and prognostic evaluation of PAH patients. However, this technique is highly invasive, so it is not used in routine clinical practice or patient follow-up. Thereby, it is essential to find new non-invasive strategies for evaluating disease progression. Biomarkers can be an effective solution for determining PAH patient prognosis and response to therapy, and aiding in diagnostic efforts, so long as their detection is non-invasive, easy, and objective. This review aims to clarify and describe some of the potential new candidates as circulating biomarkers of PAH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joana Santos-Gomes
- UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Gandra
- UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Adão
- UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Frédéric Perros
- Paris-Porto Pulmonary Hypertension Collaborative Laboratory (3PH), UMR_S 999, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
- Université Paris–Saclay, AP-HP, INSERM UMR_S 999, Service de Pneumologie et Soins Intensifs Respiratoires, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Carmen Brás-Silva
- UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Update on Biomarkers of Vasculopathy in Juvenile and Adult Myositis. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2022; 24:227-237. [PMID: 35680774 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-022-01076-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Although rare, idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) comprise a heterogeneous group of autoimmune conditions in adults and children. Increasingly, vasculopathy is recognised to be key in the underlying pathophysiology and plays a crucial role in some of the more challenging complications including calcinosis, gastrointestinal involvement and interstitial lung disease. The exciting prospect of development of biomarkers of vasculopathy would enable earlier detection and monitoring of these complications and possible prevention of their potentially devastating consequences. The purpose was to review the current literature on biomarkers of vasculopathy in IIM and offer insight as to the biomarkers most likely to have an impact on clinical care. RECENT FINDINGS Multiple candidate biomarkers have been studied including circulating endothelial cells (CEC), microparticles (MP), soluble adhesion markers (ICAM-1, ICAM-3, VCAM-1), selectin proteins (E-, L-, P-selectin), coagulation factors, angiogenic factors, cytokines (including (IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IL-18) and interferon (IFN)-related biomarkers (including IFNα, IFN-β, IFNγ, galectin-9, interferon signature and interferon-related chemokines (MCP-1, IP-10 and MIG). There is a growing body of evidence of the potential role of biomarkers in detecting and monitoring the vasculopathy in IIM, detecting disease activity and predicting disease flares and overall prognosis. Exciting progress has been made in the search for biomarkers of vasculopathy of IIM; however, none of the studies are validated and further research is required.
Collapse
|
13
|
Lugo-Gavidia LM, Carnagarin R, Burger D, Nolde JM, Chan J, Robinson S, Bosio E, Matthews VB, Schlaich MP. Circulating platelet-derived extracellular vesicles correlate with night-time blood pressure and vascular organ damage and may represent an integrative biomarker of vascular health. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2022; 24:738-749. [PMID: 35502649 PMCID: PMC9180329 DOI: 10.1111/jch.14479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Elevated office blood pressure (BP) has previously been associated with increased levels of circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs). The present study aimed to assess the relationship between levels of platelet derived EVs, ambulatory BP parameters, and pulse wave velocity as a marker of macrovascular organ damage. A total of 96 participants were included in the study. Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (pEVs) were evaluated by flow cytometry (CD41+/Annexin v+). BP evaluation included unobserved automated office BP and ambulatory BP monitoring. Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) was measured as a marker of macrovascular damage. pEVs correlated with nocturnal systolic BP (r = 0.31; p = .003) and nocturnal dipping (r = -0.29; p = .01) in univariable analysis. Multivariable regression models confirmed robustness of the association of EVs and nocturnal blood pressure (p = .02). In contrast, systolic office, 24h- and daytime-BP did not show significant associations with pEVs. No correlations were found with diastolic BP. Circulating pEVs correlated with pulse wave velocity (r = 0.25; p = .02). When comparing different hypertensive phenotypes, higher levels of EVs and PWV were evident in patients with sustained hypertension compared to patients with white coat HTN and healthy persons. Circulating platelet derived EVs were associated with nocturnal BP, dipping, and PWV. Given that average nocturnal BP is the strongest predictor of CV events, platelet derived EVs may serve as an integrative marker of vascular health, a proposition that requires testing in prospective clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Marisol Lugo-Gavidia
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, Medical School - Royal Perth Hospital Unit, RPH Research Foundation, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Revathy Carnagarin
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, Medical School - Royal Perth Hospital Unit, RPH Research Foundation, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Dylan Burger
- Kidney Research Centre, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Janis M Nolde
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, Medical School - Royal Perth Hospital Unit, RPH Research Foundation, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Justine Chan
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, Medical School - Royal Perth Hospital Unit, RPH Research Foundation, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Sandi Robinson
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, Medical School - Royal Perth Hospital Unit, RPH Research Foundation, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Erika Bosio
- Centre for Clinical Research in Emergency Medicine, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Vance B Matthews
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, Medical School - Royal Perth Hospital Unit, RPH Research Foundation, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Markus P Schlaich
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, Medical School - Royal Perth Hospital Unit, RPH Research Foundation, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Neurovascular Hypertension & Kidney Disease Laboratory, Baker Heart and Dabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Departments of Cardiology and Nephrology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Stampouloglou PK, Siasos G, Bletsa E, Oikonomou E, Vogiatzi G, Kalogeras K, Katsianos E, Vavuranakis MA, Souvaliotis N, Vavuranakis M. The Role of Cell Derived Microparticles in Cardiovascular Diseases: Current Concepts. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:1745-1757. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220429081555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
Cardiovascular disease remains the main cause of human morbidity and mortality in the developed countries. Microparticles (MPs) are small vesicles originating from the cell membrane as a result of various stimuli and particularly of biological processes that constitute the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, such as endothelial damage. They form vesicles that can transfer various molecules and signals to remote target cells without direct cell to cell interaction. Circulating microparticles have been associated with cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, many studies have been designed to further investigate the role of microparticles as biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and disease monitoring. To this concept the pro-thrombotic and atherogenic potential of platelets and endothelial derived MPs has gain research interest especially concerning accelerate atherosclerosis and acute coronary syndrome triggering and prognosis. MPs especially of endothelial origin have been investigated in different clinical scenarios of heart failure and in association of left ventricular loading conditions. Finally, most cardiovascular risk factors present unique patterns of circulating MPs population, highlighting their pathophysiologic link to cardiovascular disease progression. In this review article we present a synopsis of the biogenesis and characteristics of microparticles, as well as the most recent data concerning their implication in the cardiovascular settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota K. Stampouloglou
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Sotiria Chest Disease Hospital, Athens. Greece
| | - Gerasimos Siasos
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Sotiria Chest Disease Hospital, Athens. Greece
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Evanthia Bletsa
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Sotiria Chest Disease Hospital, Athens. Greece
| | - Evangelos Oikonomou
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Sotiria Chest Disease Hospital, Athens. Greece
| | - Georgia Vogiatzi
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Sotiria Chest Disease Hospital, Athens. Greece
| | - Konstantinos Kalogeras
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Sotiria Chest Disease Hospital, Athens. Greece
| | - Efstratios Katsianos
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Sotiria Chest Disease Hospital, Athens. Greece
| | - Michael-Andrew Vavuranakis
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Sotiria Chest Disease Hospital, Athens. Greece
| | - Nektarios Souvaliotis
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Sotiria Chest Disease Hospital, Athens. Greece
| | - Manolis Vavuranakis
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Sotiria Chest Disease Hospital, Athens. Greece
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Felgus-Lavefve L, Howard L, Adams SH, Baum JI. The Effects of Blueberry Phytochemicals on Cell Models of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress. Adv Nutr 2021; 13:1279-1309. [PMID: 34791023 PMCID: PMC9340979 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Blueberries have been extensively studied for the health benefits associated with their high phenolic content. The positive impact of blueberry consumption on human health is associated in part with modulation of proinflammatory molecular pathways and oxidative stress. Here, we review in vitro studies examining the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of blueberry phytochemicals, discuss the results in terms of relevance to disease and health, and consider how different blueberry components modulate cellular mechanisms. The dampening effects of blueberry-derived molecules on inflammation and oxidative stress in cell models have been demonstrated through downregulation of the NF-κB pathway and reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation. The modulatory effects of blueberry phytochemicals on the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and antioxidant system are not as well described, with inconsistent observations reported on immune cells and between models of endothelial, dermal, and ocular inflammation. Although anthocyanins are often reported as being the main bioactive compound in blueberries, no individual phytochemical has emerged as the primary compound when different fractions are compared; rather, an effect of whole blueberry extracts or synergy between different phenolic and nonphenolic extracts seems apparent. The major molecular mechanisms of blueberry phytochemicals are increasingly defined in cell models, but their relevance in more complex human systems needs further investigation using well-controlled clinical trials, in which systemic exposures to blueberry-associated molecules are measured concurrently with physiologic indices of inflammation and oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Luke Howard
- Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Sean H Adams
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA,Center for Alimentary and Metabolic Science, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang Z, Liu J, Liu X, Guo X, Li T, Pang R, Duan M. Perfusion microvessel density in the cerebral cortex of septic rats is negatively correlated with endothelial microparticles in circulating plasma. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:1029-1036. [PMID: 33625638 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00702-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In sepsis, endothelial microparticles (EMPs) released from endothelial cells (ECs) participate in microcirculation dysfunction through pro-coagulant and pro-inflammatory effects, which can lead to sepsis-associated brain dysfunction. However, the relationship between EMPs and cerebral cortical perfusion microvessel density has not been explored. A closed cranial window was created in rats who were tended to until the cerebral cortex edema caused by preparation of the cranial window subsided, and the microvessel density was stable. A cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) sepsis procedure was then performed on day 6, post-surgery. At 12 and 24 h after the CLP, cerebral cortical perfusion microvessel density was measured with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), followed by measurement of EMPs to evaluate the relationship between these factors. Microvessel density changed from 46.38 % ± 7.65 % on the day of surgery to 35.87 % ± 11.05 % on the second day and 36.71 % ± 11.38 % on the third day after surgery, and then increased daily. The microvessel density decreased to 27.20 % ± 8.50 % 24 h after CLP, which was significantly lower than that immediately and 12 h after CLP (P < 0.001). EMPs increased progressively at 12 and 24 h after CLP. Moreover, there was a negative correlation between EMPs and microvessel density (r=-0.56, P = 0.01). Edema and microvessel density decreased in the local cerebral cortex of the window and then gradually recovered after cranial window surgery. In sepsis, the perfusion microvessel density of the cerebral cortex negatively correlated with the EMPs. Therefore, the perfusion microvessel density can be indirectly evaluated by detecting the plasma EMP level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhou Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong An Road, Xi Cheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jingfeng Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong An Road, Xi Cheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xi Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinjie Guo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong An Road, Xi Cheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Tian Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong An Road, Xi Cheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ran Pang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong An Road, Xi Cheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Meili Duan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong An Road, Xi Cheng District, Beijing, 100050, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang Y, Liu H, Tang W, Qiu Q, Peng J. Resveratrol prevents TNF- α-induced VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 upregulation in endothelial progenitor cells via reduction of NF- κB activation. J Int Med Res 2021; 48:300060520945131. [PMID: 32924701 PMCID: PMC7493253 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520945131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To assess the effects of resveratrol (RSV) on expression of adhesion molecules in endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) following tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) stimulation. Methods EPCs were treated with RSV and stimulated with TNF-α. A mononuclear cell (MNC) adhesion assay was used to assess the effects of RSV on TNF-α-induced MNC adhesion. Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and E-selectin expression levels and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activation were assessed by immunoblotting. Results MNC adhesion to TNF-α-treated EPCs and VCAM-1/ICAM-1/E-selectin levels in EPCs were increased following TNF-α stimulation and decreased following RSV treatment. TNF-α enhanced NF-κB inhibitor α (IκB-α) phosphorylation in the cytosol as well as nuclear NF-κB p65 levels, both of which were decreased by RSV. Conclusions These findings provide new insights into RSV’s anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic effects. RSV’s mechanism of action might involve downregulation of VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and E-selectin by partial blockade of TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation and IκB-α phosphorylation in EPCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yefei Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Huahua Liu
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Weiliang Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing City, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Qiongya Qiu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Jiahao Peng
- Loma Linda University School of Public Health, Loma Linda, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lugo-Gavidia LM, Burger D, Matthews VB, Nolde JM, Galindo Kiuchi M, Carnagarin R, Kannenkeril D, Chan J, Joyson A, Herat LY, Azzam O, Schlaich MP. Role of Microparticles in Cardiovascular Disease: Implications for Endothelial Dysfunction, Thrombosis, and Inflammation. HYPERTENSION (DALLAS, TEX. : 1979) 2021; 77:1825-1844. [PMID: 33979187 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.16975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Marisol Lugo-Gavidia
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, Medical Research Foundation, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia (L.M.L.-G., V.B.M., J.M.N., M.G.K., R.C., D.K., J.C., A.J., L.Y.H., O.A., M.P.S.)
| | - Dylan Burger
- Kidney Research Centre, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa (D.B.)
| | - Vance B Matthews
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, Medical Research Foundation, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia (L.M.L.-G., V.B.M., J.M.N., M.G.K., R.C., D.K., J.C., A.J., L.Y.H., O.A., M.P.S.)
| | - Janis M Nolde
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, Medical Research Foundation, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia (L.M.L.-G., V.B.M., J.M.N., M.G.K., R.C., D.K., J.C., A.J., L.Y.H., O.A., M.P.S.)
| | - Márcio Galindo Kiuchi
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, Medical Research Foundation, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia (L.M.L.-G., V.B.M., J.M.N., M.G.K., R.C., D.K., J.C., A.J., L.Y.H., O.A., M.P.S.)
| | - Revathy Carnagarin
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, Medical Research Foundation, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia (L.M.L.-G., V.B.M., J.M.N., M.G.K., R.C., D.K., J.C., A.J., L.Y.H., O.A., M.P.S.)
| | - Dennis Kannenkeril
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, Medical Research Foundation, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia (L.M.L.-G., V.B.M., J.M.N., M.G.K., R.C., D.K., J.C., A.J., L.Y.H., O.A., M.P.S.).,Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany (D.K.)
| | - Justine Chan
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, Medical Research Foundation, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia (L.M.L.-G., V.B.M., J.M.N., M.G.K., R.C., D.K., J.C., A.J., L.Y.H., O.A., M.P.S.)
| | - Anu Joyson
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, Medical Research Foundation, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia (L.M.L.-G., V.B.M., J.M.N., M.G.K., R.C., D.K., J.C., A.J., L.Y.H., O.A., M.P.S.)
| | - Lakshini Y Herat
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, Medical Research Foundation, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia (L.M.L.-G., V.B.M., J.M.N., M.G.K., R.C., D.K., J.C., A.J., L.Y.H., O.A., M.P.S.)
| | - Omar Azzam
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, Medical Research Foundation, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia (L.M.L.-G., V.B.M., J.M.N., M.G.K., R.C., D.K., J.C., A.J., L.Y.H., O.A., M.P.S.).,Department of Internal Medicine (O.A.), Royal Perth Hospital, Western Australia
| | - Markus P Schlaich
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, Medical Research Foundation, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia (L.M.L.-G., V.B.M., J.M.N., M.G.K., R.C., D.K., J.C., A.J., L.Y.H., O.A., M.P.S.).,Departments of Cardiology and Nephrology (M.P.S.), Royal Perth Hospital, Western Australia.,Neurovascular Hypertension and Kidney Disease Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (M.P.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Favretto G, da Cunha RS, Flores Santos A, Leitolis A, Schiefer EM, Gregório PC, Franco CRC, Massy Z, Dalboni MA, Stinghen AEM. Uremic endothelial-derived extracellular vesicles: Mechanisms of formation and their role in cell adhesion, cell migration, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Toxicol Lett 2021; 347:12-22. [PMID: 33945863 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
p-Cresyl sulfate (PCS), indoxyl sulfate (IS), and inorganic phosphate (Pi) are uremic toxins found in chronic kidney disease (CKD) that are closely related to endothelial extracellular vesicles (EVs) formation. The present study aimed to understand the role of EVs and their role in cell adhesion and migration, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Human endothelial cells were treated with PCS, IS, and Pi in pre-established uremic and kinetic recommendations. EVs were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, flow cytometry, and NanoSight assays. The concentrations of EVs were established using Alamar Blue and MTT assays. Cell adhesion to extracellular matrix proteins was analyzed using an adhesion assay. Inflammation and oxidative stress were assessed by vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression/monocyte migration and reactive oxygen species production, respectively. The capacity of EVs to stimulate endothelial cell migration was evaluated using a wound-healing assay. Our data showed that endothelial cells stimulated with uremic toxins can induce the formation of EVs of different sizes, quantities, and concentrations, depending on the uremic toxin used. Cell adhesion was significantly (P < 0.01) stimulated in cells exposed to PCS-induced extracellular vesicles (PCSEVs) and inorganic phosphate-induced extracellular vesicles (PiEVs). Cell migration was significantly (P < 0.05) stimulated by PCSEVs. VCAM-1 expression was evident in cells treated with PCSEVs and IS-induced extracellular vesicles (ISEVs). EVs are not able to stimulate monocyte migration or oxidative stress. In conclusion, EVs may be a biomarker of endothelial injury and the inflammatory process, playing an important role in cell-to-cell communication and pathophysiological processes, although more studies are needed to better understand the mechanisms of EVs in uremia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giane Favretto
- Experimental Nephrology Laboratory, Basic Pathology Department, Universidade Federal do Paraná, 81.531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Regiane Stafim da Cunha
- Experimental Nephrology Laboratory, Basic Pathology Department, Universidade Federal do Paraná, 81.531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Andressa Flores Santos
- Experimental Nephrology Laboratory, Clinical Analysis Department, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Amanda Leitolis
- Laboratory of Basic Biology of Stem Cells - Carlos Chagas Institute, Fiocruz-Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Elberth Manfron Schiefer
- Graduate Program in Electrical and Computer Engineering, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Paulo Cézar Gregório
- Experimental Nephrology Laboratory, Basic Pathology Department, Universidade Federal do Paraná, 81.531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Célia Regina Cavichiolo Franco
- Biology of Cellular Processes, Biology Cellular Department, Universidade Federal do Paraná, 81.531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Ziad Massy
- Inserm Unit 1018, Team 5, CESP, Paul Brousse University Hospital, Paris-Sud University (UPS) and Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University (Paris-Ile-de-France-Ouest University, UVSQ), Villejuif, and Ambroise Paré University Hospital, APHP, Department of Nephrology, Boulogne-Billancourt, Paris, France
| | | | - Andréa Emilia Marques Stinghen
- Experimental Nephrology Laboratory, Basic Pathology Department, Universidade Federal do Paraná, 81.531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Mathiesen A, Hamilton T, Carter N, Brown M, McPheat W, Dobrian A. Endothelial Extracellular Vesicles: From Keepers of Health to Messengers of Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094640. [PMID: 33924982 PMCID: PMC8125116 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelium has a rich vesicular network that allows the exchange of macromolecules between blood and parenchymal cells. This feature of endothelial cells, along with their polarized secretory machinery, makes them the second major contributor, after platelets, to the particulate secretome in circulation. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) produced by the endothelial cells mirror the remarkable molecular heterogeneity of their parent cells. Cargo molecules carried by EVs were shown to contribute to the physiological functions of endothelium and may support the plasticity and adaptation of endothelial cells in a paracrine manner. Endothelium-derived vesicles can also contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease or can serve as prognostic or diagnostic biomarkers. Finally, endothelium-derived EVs can be used as therapeutic tools to target endothelium for drug delivery or target stromal cells via the endothelial cells. In this review we revisit the recent evidence on the heterogeneity and plasticity of endothelial cells and their EVs. We discuss the role of endothelial EVs in the maintenance of vascular homeostasis along with their contributions to endothelial adaptation and dysfunction. Finally, we evaluate the potential of endothelial EVs as disease biomarkers and their leverage as therapeutic tools.
Collapse
|
21
|
Bryl-Górecka P, James K, Torngren K, Haraldsson I, Gan LM, Svedlund S, Olde B, Laurell T, Omerovic E, Erlinge D. Microvesicles in plasma reflect coronary flow reserve in patients with cardiovascular disease. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H2147-H2160. [PMID: 33797274 PMCID: PMC8285631 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00869.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
High levels of microvesicles (MVs), a type of extracellular vesicles, are detected in several pathological conditions. We investigated the connection between coronary flow reserve (CFR), a prognostic clinical parameter that reflects blood flow in the heart, with levels of MVs and their cargo, from plasma of patients with cardiovascular disease. The PROFLOW study consists of 220 patients with prior myocardial infarction and measured CFR with transthoracic echocardiography. The patients were divided into high and low CFR groups. Plasma MVs were captured with acoustic trapping. Platelet- and endothelial-derived MVs were measured with flow cytometry, and vesicle lysates were analyzed with proteomic panels against cardiovascular biomarkers. Flow cytometry was further applied to identify cellular origin of biomarkers. Our data show a negative correlation between MV concentration and CFR values. Platelet and endothelial MV levels were significantly increased in plasma from the low CFR group. CFR negatively correlates with the levels of several proteomic biomarkers, and the low CFR group exhibited higher concentrations of these proteins in MVs. Focused analysis of one of the MV proteins, B cell activating factor (BAFF), revealed platelet and not leukocyte origin and release upon proinflammatory stimulus. Higher levels of MVs carrying an elevated concentration of proatherogenic proteins circulate in plasma in patients with low CFR, a marker of vascular dysfunction, reduced blood flow, and poor prognosis. Our findings demonstrate a potential clinical value of MVs as biomarkers and possible therapeutic targets against endothelial deterioration. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We investigated how microvesicles (MVs) from patients with cardiovascular diseases are related to coronary flow reserve (CFR), a clinical parameter reflecting blood flow in the heart. Our results show a negative relationship between CFR and levels of platelet and endothelial MVs. The pattern of MV-enriched cardiovascular biomarkers differs between patients with high and low CFR. Our findings suggest a potential clinical value of MVs as biomarkers of reduced blood flow and proatherogenic status, additional to CFR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kreema James
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kristina Torngren
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Inger Haraldsson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Li-Ming Gan
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Early Clinical Development, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca R&D, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sara Svedlund
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Physiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Björn Olde
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Thomas Laurell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Elmir Omerovic
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - David Erlinge
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Extracellular vesicles are associated with C-reactive protein in sepsis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6996. [PMID: 33772103 PMCID: PMC7997920 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86489-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that C-reactive protein (CRP) can mediate inflammatory reactions following the transformation of functionally inert pentameric CRP (pCRP) into its structural isoform pCRP* and into monomeric CRP (mCRP). This conversion can occur on the membranes of apoptotic or activated cells or on extracellular vesicles (EVs) shed from the cell surface. Here, we characterized the association of CRP with EVs in plasma from sepsis patients using flow cytometry, and found highly elevated levels of total EV counts and CRP+ EVs as compared to healthy individuals. We further assessed the ability of PentraSorb CRP, an extracorporeal device for the adsorption of CRP, to deplete free CRP and CRP+ EVs. Treatment of septic plasma with the adsorbent in vitro resulted in almost complete removal of both, free CRP and CRP+ EVs, while total EV counts remained largely unaffected, indicating the detachment of CRP from the EV surface. EVs from septic plasma elicited a release of interleukin-8 from cultured human monocytes, which was significantly reduced by adsorbent treatment prior to EV isolation. Our findings provide evidence that CRP+ EVs exhibit pro-inflammatory characteristics and can contribute to the spreading of inflammation throughout the circulation on top of their pro-coagulant activity.
Collapse
|
23
|
Fujimoto S, Fujita Y, Kadota T, Araya J, Kuwano K. Intercellular Communication by Vascular Endothelial Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles and Their MicroRNAs in Respiratory Diseases. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 7:619697. [PMID: 33614707 PMCID: PMC7890564 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.619697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory diseases and their comorbidities, such as cardiovascular disease and muscle atrophy, have been increasing in the world. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), which include exosomes and microvesicles, are released from almost all cell types and play crucial roles in intercellular communication, both in the regulation of homeostasis and the pathogenesis of various diseases. Exosomes are of endosomal origin and range in size from 50 to 150 nm in diameter, while microvesicles are generated by the direct outward budding of the plasma membrane in size ranges of 100-2,000 nm in diameter. EVs can contain various proteins, metabolites, and nucleic acids, such as mRNA, non-coding RNA species, and DNA fragments. In addition, these nucleic acids in EVs can be functional in recipient cells through EV cargo. The endothelium is a distributed organ of considerable biological importance, and disrupted endothelial function is involved in the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary hypertension, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Endothelial cell-derived EVs (EC-EVs) play crucial roles in both physiological and pathological conditions by traveling to distant sites through systemic circulation. This review summarizes the pathological roles of vascular microRNAs contained in EC-EVs in respiratory diseases, mainly focusing on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary hypertension, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Furthermore, this review discusses the potential clinical usefulness of EC-EVs as therapeutic agents in respiratory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shota Fujimoto
- Division of Respiratory Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Fujita
- Division of Respiratory Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Translational Research for Exosomes, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Kadota
- Division of Respiratory Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Araya
- Division of Respiratory Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Kuwano
- Division of Respiratory Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Insights into the mechanism of vascular endothelial cells on bone biology. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:227494. [PMID: 33403387 PMCID: PMC7816070 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20203258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the skeletal system, blood vessels not only function as a conduit system for transporting gases, nutrients, metabolic waste, or cells but also provide multifunctional signal molecules regulating bone development, regeneration, and remodeling. Endothelial cells (ECs) in bone tissues, unlike in other organ tissues, are in direct contact with the pericytes of blood vessels, resulting in a closer connection with peripheral connective tissues. Close-contact ECs contribute to osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis by secreting various cytokines in the paracrine or juxtacrine pathways. An increasing number of studies have revealed that extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from ECs can directly regulate maturation process of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. The different pathways focus on targets at different distances, forming the basis of the intimate spatial and temporal link between bone tissue and blood vessels. Here, we provide a systematic review to elaborate on the function of ECs in bone biology and its underlying mechanisms based on three aspects: paracrine, EVs, and juxtacrine. This review proposes the possibility of a therapeutic strategy targeting blood vessels, as an adjuvant treatment for bone disorders.
Collapse
|
25
|
Bryl‐Górecka P, Sathanoori R, Arevström L, Landberg R, Bergh C, Evander M, Olde B, Laurell T, Fröbert O, Erlinge D. Bilberry Supplementation after Myocardial Infarction Decreases Microvesicles in Blood and Affects Endothelial Vesiculation. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e2000108. [PMID: 32846041 PMCID: PMC7685140 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Diet rich in bilberries is considered cardioprotective, but the mechanisms of action are poorly understood. Cardiovascular disease is characterized by increased proatherogenic status and high levels of circulating microvesicles (MVs). In an open-label study patients with myocardial infarction receive an 8 week dietary supplementation with bilberry extract (BE). The effect of BE on patient MV levels and its influence on endothelial vesiculation in vitro is investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS MVs are captured with acoustic trapping and platelet-derived MVs (PMVs), as well as endothelial-derived MVs (EMVs) are quantified with flow cytometry. The in vitro effect of BE on endothelial extracellular vesicle (EV) release is examined using endothelial cells and calcein staining. The mechanisms of BE influence on vesiculation pathways are studied by Western blot and qRT-PCR. Supplementation with BE decreased both PMVs and EMVs. Furthermore, BE reduced endothelial EV release, Akt phosphorylation, and vesiculation-related gene transcription. It also protects the cells from P2X7 -induced EV release and increase in vesiculation-related gene expression. CONCLUSION BE supplementation improves the MV profile in patient blood and reduces endothelial vesiculation through several molecular mechanisms related to the P2X7 receptor. The findings provide new insight into the cardioprotective effects of bilberries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramasri Sathanoori
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical SciencesLund University221 00LundSweden
| | - Lilith Arevström
- Faculty of Health, Department of CardiologyÖrebro University702 81ÖrebroSweden
| | | | - Cecilia Bergh
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical SciencesÖrebro University702 81ÖrebroSweden
| | - Mikael Evander
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringLund University221 00LundSweden
| | - Björn Olde
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical SciencesLund University221 00LundSweden
| | - Thomas Laurell
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringLund University221 00LundSweden
| | - Ole Fröbert
- Faculty of Health, Department of CardiologyÖrebro University702 81ÖrebroSweden
| | - David Erlinge
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical SciencesLund University221 00LundSweden
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Stephens OR, Grant D, Frimel M, Wanner N, Yin M, Willard B, Erzurum SC, Asosingh K. Characterization and origins of cell-free mitochondria in healthy murine and human blood. Mitochondrion 2020; 54:102-112. [PMID: 32781153 PMCID: PMC7508808 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Intact cell-free mitochondria have been reported in microparticles (MPs) in murine and human bodily fluids under disease conditions. However, cellular origins of circulating extracellular mitochondria have not been characterized. We hypothesize that intact, cell-free mitochondria from heterogeneous cellular sources are present in the circulation under physiological conditions. To test this, circulating MPs were analyzed using flow cytometry and proteomics. Murine and human platelet-depleted plasma showed a cluster of MPs positive for the mitochondrial probe MitoTracker. Transgenic mice expressing mitochondrial-GFP showed GFP positivity in plasma MPs. Murine and human mitochondria-containing MPs were positive for the platelet marker CD41 and the endothelial cell marker CD144, while hematopoietic CD45 labeling was low. Both murine and human circulating cell-free mitochondria maintained a transmembrane potential. Circulating mitochondria were able to enter rho-zero cells, and were visualized using immunoelectron microscopic imaging. Proteomics analysis identified mitochondria specific and extracellular vesicle associated proteins in sorted circulating cell-free human mitochondria. Together the data provide multiple lines of evidence that intact and functional mitochondria originating from several cell types are present in the blood circulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia R Stephens
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Dillon Grant
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Matthew Frimel
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Nicholas Wanner
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Mei Yin
- Imaging Core, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Belinda Willard
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Core, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Serpil C Erzurum
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Kewal Asosingh
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States; Flow Cytometry Core Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zacharia E, Zacharias K, Papamikroulis GA, Bertsias D, Miliou A, Pallantza Z, Papageorgiou N, Tousoulis D. Cell-Derived Microparticles and Acute Coronary Syndromes: Is there a Predictive Role for Microparticles? Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:4440-4468. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666191213104841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background:Despite the recent advances in the treatment of Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS), patients with ACS are still exposed to an increased risk for adverse cardiovascular events, while their prognosis is difficult to determine. Experimental and clinical studies have shown that cell-derived Microparticles (MPs) are associated with the underlying pathophysiological processes that are responsible for atherogenesis and may be causally implicated in the induction of atherothrombosis.Objective:In the present article, we aimed to review the available evidence regarding the predictive role of MPs in patients with ACS.Results:Evidence suggests that endothelial MPs are associated with future adverse cardiovascular events in patients with ACS. Platelet-derived MPs have been excessively studied, since they have been found to trigger the coagulation cascade; however, their role as predictors of future cardiovascular events remains debatable. The role of red blood cell-derived MPs is more intriguing; they have been proposed as markers of ongoing thrombosis in patients with ACS, while previous studies have shown that they have anti-coagulant properties in healthy individuals. Leukocyte-derived MPs may also have a predictive role, although the studies regarding these are still limited. Last but not least, it was an interesting discovery that circulating MPs can provide information regarding the angiographic lesions in patients with ACS.Conclusion:The concept of MPs as potential circulating biomarkers in patients with ACS holds much promise. However, large-scale clinical studies are required to evaluate whether the measurement of plasma MPs could be of clinical significance and, thus, dictate a more aggressive treatment strategy in patients with high levels of circulating MPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Effimia Zacharia
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | | | - Antigoni Miliou
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Zoi Pallantza
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Dimitris Tousoulis
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Evans WS, Hanson ED, Shill DD, Landers‐Ramos RQ, Stoner L, Willey Q, Credeur DP, Prior SJ. Sitting decreases endothelial microparticles but not circulating angiogenic cells irrespective of lower leg exercises: a randomized cross‐over trial. Exp Physiol 2020; 105:1408-1419. [DOI: 10.1113/ep088690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- William S. Evans
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science University of North Carolina Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
- Department of Kinesiology University of Maryland College Park MD 20740 USA
| | - Erik D. Hanson
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science University of North Carolina Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
| | - Daniel D. Shill
- Department of Kinesiology University of Maryland College Park MD 20740 USA
| | - Rian Q. Landers‐Ramos
- Department of Kinesiology Towson University Towson MD 21252
- Baltimore Veterans Affairs Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center Baltimore MD 21201 USA
| | - Lee Stoner
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science University of North Carolina Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
| | - Quentin Willey
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science University of North Carolina Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
| | - Daniel P. Credeur
- School of Kinesiology and Nutrition University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg MS 39406 USA
| | - Steven J. Prior
- Department of Kinesiology University of Maryland College Park MD 20740 USA
- Baltimore Veterans Affairs Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center Baltimore MD 21201 USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Brewster LM, Garcia VP, Levy MV, Stockelman KA, Goulding A, DeSouza NM, Greiner JJ, Hijmans JG, DeSouza CA. Endothelin-1-induced endothelial microvesicles impair endothelial cell function. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 128:1497-1505. [PMID: 32324474 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00816.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of endothelin-1 (ET-1)-generated endothelial microvesicles (EMVs) on endothelial cell inflammation, apoptosis, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with ET-1 for 24 h. EMVs released into the supernatant from cells treated with ET-1 or vehicle were isolated and quantified. EMV release was higher (P < 0.05) in cells treated with ET-1 compared with control (95 ± 15 vs. 54 ± 5 EMV/µL). Fresh HUVECs were then treated with either ET-1, ET-1-induced EMVs, or control EMVs for 24 h. ET-1-generated EMVs induced significantly higher release of IL-6 (181.0 ± 16.0 vs. 132.1 ± 8.1 pg/mL) and IL-8 (303.4 ± 37.4 vs. 211.8 ± 10.0 pg/mL), as well as greater total NF-κB p65 (76.0 ± 7.6 vs. 57.1 ± 2.1 AU) and active NF-κB p65 (Ser-536) (11.6 ± 0.9 vs. 6.8 ± 1.0 AU) expression than control EMVs. There were no significant differences in expression of caspase-9 (230.1 ± 24.3 vs. 243.6 ± 22.3 AU), caspase-3 (271.9 ± 22.7 vs. 265.1 ± 30.5 AU), and active caspase-3 (4.4 ± 0.4 vs. 4.3 ± 0.1 AU) in cells treated with ET-1-EMVs versus control EMVs. Total eNOS (108.4 ± 11.4 vs. 158.8 ± 1.6 AU) and activated eNOS (4.7 ± 0.5 vs. 9.6 ± 1.4 AU) were significantly lower in endothelial cells treated with ET-1-generated EMVs compared with control EMVs. The effects of ET-1-generated EMVs on cellular markers and mediators of endothelial inflammation, as well as eNOS function, was comparable to the effects of ET-1. In summary, ET-1 induces an EMV phenotype that adversely affects endothelial cell function. ET-1-generated EMVs may contribute to the atherogenic effect of ET-1.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a potent vasoconstrictor peptide released by the endothelium that contributes to the regulation of vascular tone. Overexpression of ET-1 has been implicated in the etiology of atherosclerotic vascular disease. Endothelial cell-derived microvesicles (EMVs) play a pivotal role in vascular health and disease. Their functional phenotype is largely dictated by the stimulus for release. EMVs released in response to various pathological conditions have been shown to elicit deleterious vascular effects. In the present study, we determined, in vitro, the effect of ET-1 on EMV release from endothelial cells and the effects of ET-1-generated EMVs on endothelial cell inflammation, apoptosis, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). ET-1 induced a marked increase in EMV release. ET-1-generated EMVs significantly increased endothelial cell inflammation and reduced eNOS protein expression and activation. Moreover, the endothelial effects of ET-1-derived EMVs were similar to the direct effects of ET-1. ET-1-generated EMVs may contribute to the proatherogenic profile of ET-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Madden Brewster
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Vinicius P Garcia
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Ma'ayan V Levy
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Kelly A Stockelman
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Anabel Goulding
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Noah M DeSouza
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Jared J Greiner
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Jamie G Hijmans
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Christopher A DeSouza
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Stockelman KA, Hijmans JG, Bammert TD, Greiner JJ, Stauffer BL, DeSouza CA. Circulating endothelial cell derived microvesicles are elevated with hypertension and associated with endothelial dysfunction. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 98:557-561. [PMID: 32268071 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2020-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine (1) if circulating endothelial microvesicles (EMVs) are elevated in hypertensive adults and (2) whether circulating EMVs are associated with hypertension-related endothelial vasodilator dysfunction. Circulating EMVs (CD31+/42b-) were determined in 30 middle-aged adults (55 ± 1 years): 15 normotensive (10 males, 5 females; blood pressure 114/71 ± 2/1 mm Hg) and 15 hypertensive (10 males, 5 females; blood pressure 142/87 ± 2/2 mm Hg). Forearm blood flow (FBF) (via plethysmography) was assessed by intra-arterial infusion of acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside. Circulating EMVs were ∼65% higher (P < 0.05) in hypertensive (157 ± 10 EMVs/μL) than in normotensive (96 ± 10 EMVs/μL) adults. FBF to acetylcholine was significantly lower (∼30%) in the hypertensive group (from 5.0 ± 0.4 to 11.8 ± 0.8 mL·100 mL tissue-1·min-1 versus from 4.4 ± 0.2 to 15.6 ± 0.8 mL·100 mL tissue-1·min-1). Circulating EMVs were inversely associated with vasodilation (r = -0.65; P < 0.05). Hypertension is associated with elevated circulating levels of EMVs. EMVs may serve as a biomarker of, and contribute to, blood pressure related endothelial dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Stockelman
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Jamie G Hijmans
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Tyler D Bammert
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Jared J Greiner
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Brian L Stauffer
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Center, Denver, CO 80262, USA.,Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO 80204, USA
| | - Christopher A DeSouza
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Center, Denver, CO 80262, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Jensen AR, Adams Y, Hviid L. Cerebral Plasmodium falciparum malaria: The role of PfEMP1 in its pathogenesis and immunity, and PfEMP1-based vaccines to prevent it. Immunol Rev 2020; 293:230-252. [PMID: 31562653 PMCID: PMC6972667 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Malaria, a mosquito-borne infectious disease caused by parasites of the genus Plasmodium continues to be a major health problem worldwide. The unicellular Plasmodium-parasites have the unique capacity to infect and replicate within host erythrocytes. By expressing variant surface antigens Plasmodium falciparum has evolved to avoid protective immune responses; as a result in endemic areas anti-malaria immunity develops gradually over many years of multiple and repeated infections. We are studying the role of Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1) expressed by asexual stages of P. falciparum responsible for the pathogenicity of severe malaria. The immunopathology of falciparum malaria has been linked to cyto-adhesion of infected erythrocytes to specific host receptors. A greater appreciation of the PfEMP1 molecules important for the development of protective immunity and immunopathology is a prerequisite for the rational discovery and development of a safe and protective anti-disease malaria vaccine. Here we review the role of ICAM-1 and EPCR receptor adhering falciparum-parasites in the development of severe malaria; we discuss our current research to understand the factors involved in the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria and the feasibility of developing a vaccine targeted specifically to prevent this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Ramstedt Jensen
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and MicrobiologyFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Yvonne Adams
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and MicrobiologyFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Lars Hviid
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and MicrobiologyFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of Infectious DiseasesRigshospitaletCopenhagenDenmark
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Le Goff M, Lagadic-Gossmann D, Latour R, Podechard N, Grova N, Gauffre F, Chevance S, Burel A, Appenzeller BMR, Ulmann L, Sergent O, Le Ferrec E. PAHs increase the production of extracellular vesicles both in vitro in endothelial cells and in vivo in urines from rats. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 255:113171. [PMID: 31539851 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Environmental contaminants, to which humans are widely exposed, cause or worsen several diseases, like cardiovascular diseases and cancers. Among these molecules, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) stand out since they are ubiquitous pollutants found in ambient air and diet. Because of their toxic effects, public Health agencies promote development of research studies aiming at increasing the knowledge about PAHs and the discovery of biomarkers of exposure and/or effects. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including small extracellular vesicles (S-EVs or exosomes) and large extracellular vesicles (L-EVs or microvesicles), are delivery systems for multimolecular messages related to the nature and status of the originating cells. Because they are produced by all cells and detected within body fluids, EV releases could act as cell responses and thereby serve as biomarkers. To test whether EVs can serve as biomarkers of PAHs exposure, we evaluate the effects of these pollutants on EV production using an in vitro approach (human endothelial cell line, HMEC-1) and an in vivo approach (urine samples from PAHs-exposed rats). Our study indicates that, i) PAH exposure increases in vitro the EV production by endothelial cells and in vivo the release of EVs in urine, and that the stimulating effects of PAHs concern both S-EVs and L-EVs; ii) PAH exposure and more particularly exposure to B[a]P, can influence the composition of exosomes produced by endothelial cells; iii) the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, a cytosolic receptor associated to most deleterious effects of PAHs, would be involved in the PAH effects on the release of S-EVs, but not L-EVs. These results suggest that EVs may have utility for monitoring exposure to PAHs, and more particularly to B[a]P, considered as reference PAH, and to detect the related early cellular response prior to end-organ damages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manon Le Goff
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France; EA 2160 Mer Molécules Santé - MIMMA, IUML FR-3473 CNRS, Le Mans Université, Laval, F-53020, France
| | - Dominique Lagadic-Gossmann
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Remi Latour
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Normand Podechard
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Nathalie Grova
- Immune Endocrine Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Infection and Immunity-Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29 rue Henri Koch, L-4354, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Calbinotox, Faculty of Science and Technology-Lorraine University, Campus Aiguillettes, B.P. 70239, F-54506, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Fabienne Gauffre
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR_6226, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Soizic Chevance
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR_6226, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Agnès Burel
- Univ Rennes, Biosit - UMS 3480, US_S 018, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Brice M R Appenzeller
- Human Biomonitoring Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1 A-B Thomas Edisson, Luxembourg
| | - Lionel Ulmann
- EA 2160 Mer Molécules Santé - MIMMA, IUML FR-3473 CNRS, Le Mans Université, Laval, F-53020, France
| | - Odile Sergent
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Eric Le Ferrec
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Silambanan S, Hermes RS, Bhaskar E, Gayathri S. Endothelial Microparticle as an early Marker of Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients with Essential Hypertension: A Pilot Study. Indian J Clin Biochem 2019; 35:245-250. [PMID: 32226258 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-019-00861-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is a global health burden causing immense morbidity and mortality especially from the complications of end-organ damage. It is expected to affect 29% of the population by the year 2025. Hypertension is usually asymptomatic; it is diagnosed by a disease of exclusion. Numerous factors such as inflammation, oxidative stress, genetic predisposition etc. play roles in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Endothelial microparticles (EMPs) are released into the circulation with the onset of changes in endothelium, even before the release of other routine vascular endothelial markers. EMPs mediate inflammation, thrombosis and vasoconstriction of blood vessels in hypertensives. This pilot study was undertaken to assess whether EMPs are early markers of endothelial dysfunction in essential hypertensive patients. The study was conducted as a large case control study in which 525 individuals were involved. It consisted of three study groups: Group I: individuals with normal blood pressure (JNC8), group II: hypertensives without evidence of end-organ damage and group III: hypertensives with evidence of end-organ damage. Homocysteine, hsCRP, fibrinogen, eNOS, oxLDL and other markers were measured. For analysis of EMPs a subset of individuals are taken from each group. Control group of 10 individuals who had homocysteine level more than15μmol/L was taken as Group I. Another 10 individuals were taken randomly of five each from groups II and III. EMPs were analyzed by flow cytometry and were identified as CD31 +, CD42 - microparticles with diameters < 1.0 mm. There was significant increase in EMPs (p = 0.035) in hypertensive individuals with end organ damage. Measurement of EMPs in hypertensive individuals could help physicians in identifying and initiating therapeutic interventions at a very early stage of the disease, thus improving the quality of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santhi Silambanan
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai 600116 India
| | - R S Hermes
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai 600116 India
| | - Emmanuel Bhaskar
- Department of General Medicine, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Porur, Chennai 600116 India
| | - Sri Gayathri
- Department of Pathology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Porur, Chennai 600116 India
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Antonova OA, Yakushkin VV, Mazurov AV. Coagulation Activity of Membrane Microparticles. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW), SUPPLEMENT SERIES A: MEMBRANE AND CELL BIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990747819030036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
35
|
Haynes BA, Yang LF, Huyck RW, Lehrer EJ, Turner JM, Barabutis N, Correll VL, Mathiesen A, McPheat W, Semmes OJ, Dobrian AD. Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Human Adipose Tissue Vasculature Alters the Particulate Secretome and Induces Endothelial Dysfunction. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:2168-2191. [PMID: 31434495 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.312826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Endothelial cells (EC) in obese adipose tissue (AT) are exposed to a chronic proinflammatory environment that may induce a mesenchymal-like phenotype and altered function. The objective of this study was to establish whether endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) is present in human AT in obesity and to investigate the effect of such transition on endothelial function and the endothelial particulate secretome represented by extracellular vesicles (EV). Approach and Results: We identified EndoMT in obese human AT depots by immunohistochemical co-localization of CD31 or vWF and α-SMA (alpha-smooth muscle actin). We showed that AT EC exposed in vitro to TGF-β (tumor growth factor-β), TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-α), and IFN-γ (interferon-γ) undergo EndoMT with progressive loss of endothelial markers. The phenotypic change results in failure to maintain a tight barrier in culture, increased migration, and reduced angiogenesis. EndoMT also reduced mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and glycolytic capacity of EC. EVs produced by EC that underwent EndoMT dramatically reduced angiogenic capacity of the recipient naïve ECs without affecting their migration or proliferation. Proteomic analysis of EV produced by EC in the proinflammatory conditions showed presence of several pro-inflammatory and immune proteins along with an enrichment in angiogenic receptors. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated the presence of EndoMT in human AT in obesity. EndoMT in vitro resulted in production of EV that transferred some of the functional and metabolic features to recipient naïve EC. This result suggests that functional and molecular features of EC that underwent EndoMT in vivo can be disseminated in a paracrine or endocrine fashion and may induce endothelial dysfunction in distant vascular beds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bronson A Haynes
- the Department of Physiological Sciences (B.A.H., R.W.H., E.J.L., J.M.T., A.M., W.M., A.D.D.), Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk
| | - Li Fang Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Cell and Molecular Biology and Leroy T. Canoles Cancer Center (L.F.Y., V.L.C., O.J.S.), Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk
| | - Ryan W Huyck
- the Department of Physiological Sciences (B.A.H., R.W.H., E.J.L., J.M.T., A.M., W.M., A.D.D.), Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk
| | - Eric J Lehrer
- the Department of Physiological Sciences (B.A.H., R.W.H., E.J.L., J.M.T., A.M., W.M., A.D.D.), Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk
| | - Joshua M Turner
- the Department of Physiological Sciences (B.A.H., R.W.H., E.J.L., J.M.T., A.M., W.M., A.D.D.), Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk
| | - Nektarios Barabutis
- Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe (N.B.)
| | - Vanessa L Correll
- Department of Microbiology and Cell and Molecular Biology and Leroy T. Canoles Cancer Center (L.F.Y., V.L.C., O.J.S.), Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk
| | - Allison Mathiesen
- the Department of Physiological Sciences (B.A.H., R.W.H., E.J.L., J.M.T., A.M., W.M., A.D.D.), Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk
| | - William McPheat
- the Department of Physiological Sciences (B.A.H., R.W.H., E.J.L., J.M.T., A.M., W.M., A.D.D.), Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk
| | - O John Semmes
- Department of Microbiology and Cell and Molecular Biology and Leroy T. Canoles Cancer Center (L.F.Y., V.L.C., O.J.S.), Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk
| | - Anca D Dobrian
- the Department of Physiological Sciences (B.A.H., R.W.H., E.J.L., J.M.T., A.M., W.M., A.D.D.), Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Hunter LW, Jayachandran M, Miller VM. Sex differences in the expression of cell adhesion molecules on microvesicles derived from cultured human brain microvascular endothelial cells treated with inflammatory and thrombotic stimuli. Biol Sex Differ 2019; 10:26. [PMID: 31118073 PMCID: PMC6532199 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-019-0241-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There are sex differences in risk for stroke and small vessel ischemic disease in the brain. Microvesicles (MV) derived from activated cells vary by cell of origin and the stimulus initiating their release. MV released from cells activated by inflammatory and thrombotic factors have the potential to disrupt endothelial cells of the brain microvasculature. Therefore, experiments were designed to identify sex differences in the phenotype of MV released from cultured human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC) in response to inflammatory and thrombotic stimuli. Methods Cultured HBMEC derived from 20- to 30-year-old male and female donors were treated for 20 h with medium supplemented with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα; 20 ng/ml), thrombin (THR; 2 U/ml), or vehicle (i.e., control). MV were isolated from the conditioned media by high-speed centrifugation and quantified by digital flow cytometry by labeling with fluorophore-conjugated primary antibodies against PECAM-1, integrin αvβ3, ICAM-1, E-selectin, or MCAM. In addition, temporal uptake of labeled MV into control HBMEC was examined by confocal microscopy. Results Under control conditions, male HBMEC released fewer MV expressing each antigen, except for PECAM-1, than female cells (P < 0.05). Neither TNFα nor THR reduced cell viability. However, TNFα induced apoptosis in female and male cells, whereas THR increased apoptosis marginally only in male cells. TNFα increased expression of all antigens tested on MV in male cells, but only increased expression of integrin αvβ3, ICAM-1, and E-selectin on MV from female cells. THR increased expression of PECAM-1, ICAM-1, and MCAM-1 on MV from male but not female cells. MV were internalized and localized to lysosomes within 90 min after their application to HBMEC. Conclusions There are sex differences in expression of cell adhesion molecules on MV released from HBMEC under control conditions and upon activation by TNFα or THR. MV taken up by unstimulated HBMEC may impact the integrity of the brain microvasculature and account, in part, for sex differences in vascular pathologies in the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Larry W Hunter
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Medical Science Bldg. 4-20, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Muthuvel Jayachandran
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Medical Science Bldg. 4-20, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.,Divisions of Hematology Research and Nephrology and Hypertension Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Virginia M Miller
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Medical Science Bldg. 4-20, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA. .,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA. .,Women's Health Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Endothelial Microparticles in Uremia: Biomarkers and Potential Therapeutic Targets. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11050267. [PMID: 31086003 PMCID: PMC6563302 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11050267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial microparticles (EMPs) are vesicles derived from cell membranes, which contain outsourced phosphatidylserine and express adhesion molecules, such as cadherin, intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), E-selectin, and integrins. EMPs are expressed under physiological conditions and continue circulating in the plasma. However, in pathologic conditions their levels increase, and they assume a pro-inflammatory and pro-coagulant role via interactions with monocytes; these effects are related to the development of atherosclerosis. Chronic kidney dysfunction (CKD) characterizes this dysfunctional scenario through the accumulation of uremic solutes in the circulating plasma, whose toxicity is related to the development of cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, this review aims to discuss the formation of EMPs and their biological effects in the uremic environment. Data from previous research demonstrate that uremic toxins are closely associated with the activation of inflammatory biomarkers, cardiovascular dysfunction processes, and the release of EMPs. The impact of a decrease in circulating EMPs in clinical studies has not yet been evaluated. Thus, whether MPs are biochemical markers and/or therapeutic targets has yet to be established.
Collapse
|
38
|
Extracellular vesicles: exosomes, microparticles, their parts, and their targets to enable their biomanufacturing and clinical applications. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2019; 60:89-98. [PMID: 30851486 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane vesicles, the submicron-size microparticles and the nanometer-size exosomes, that carry RNAs, proteins and lipids from their parent cells. EV generation takes place under cellular activation or stress. Cells use EVs to communicate with other cells by delivering signals through their content and surface proteins. Beyond diagnostic and discovery applications, EVs are excellent candidates for enabling safe and potent cell and gene therapies, especially those requiring strong target specificity. Here we examine EVs, their engineering and applications by dissecting mechanistic and engineering aspects of their components that endow them with their unique capabilities: their cargo and membranes proteins. Both EV cargo and membranes can be independently engineered and used for various applications. We review early efforts for their biomanufacturing.
Collapse
|
39
|
Hijmans JG, Stockelman K, Levy M, Brewster LM, Bammert TD, Greiner JJ, Connick E, DeSouza CA. Effects of HIV-1 gp120 and TAT-derived microvesicles on endothelial cell function. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 126:1242-1249. [PMID: 30789287 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01048.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of this study were twofold. The first was to determine if human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 glycoprotein (gp) 120 and transactivator of transcription (Tat) stimulate the release of endothelial microvesicles (EMVs). The second was to determine whether viral protein-induced EMVs are deleterious to endothelial cell function (inducing endothelial cell inflammation, oxidative stress, senescence and increasing apoptotic susceptibility). Human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) were treated with recombinant HIV-1 proteins Bal gp120 (R5), Lav gp120 (X4), or Tat. EMVs released in response to each viral protein were isolated and quantified. Fresh HAECs were treated with EMVs generated under control conditions and from each of the viral protein conditions for 24 h. EMV release was higher (P < 0.05) in HAECs treated with R5 (141 ± 21 MV/µl), X4 (132 ± 20 MV/µl), and Tat (130 ± 20 MV/µl) compared with control (61 ± 13 MV/µl). Viral protein EMVs induced significantly higher endothelial cell release of proinflammatory cytokines and expression of cell adhesion molecules than control. Reactive oxygen species production was more pronounced (P < 0.05) in the R5-, X4- and Tat-EMV-treated cells. In addition, viral protein-stimulated EMVs significantly augmented endothelial cell senescence and apoptotic susceptibility. Concomitant with these functional changes, viral protein-stimulated EMVs disrupted cell expression of micro-RNAs 34a, 126, 146a, 181b, 221, and miR-Let-7a (P < 0.05). These results demonstrate that HIV-1 gp120 and Tat stimulate microvesicle release from endothelial cells, and these microvesicles confer pathological effects on endothelial cells by inducing inflammation, oxidative stress, and senescence as well as enhancing susceptibility to apoptosis. Viral protein-generated EMVs may contribute to the increased risk of vascular disease in patients with HIV-1. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-related proteins glycoprotein (gp) 120 and transactivator of transcription (Tat)-mediated endothelial damage and dysfunction are poorly understood. Endothelial microvesicles (EMVs) serve as indicators and potent mediators of endothelial dysfunction. In the present study we determined if HIV-1 R5- and X4-tropic gp120 and Tat stimulate EMV release in vitro and if viral protein-induced EMVs are deleterious to endothelial cell function. gp120 and Tat induced a marked increase in EMV release. Viral protein-induced EMVs significantly increased endothelial cell inflammation, oxidative stress, senescence, and apoptotic susceptibility in vitro. gp120- and Tat-derived EMVs promote a proinflammatory, pro-oxidative, prosenescent, and proapoptotic endothelial phenotype and may contribute to the endothelial damage and dysfunction associated with gp120 and Tat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie G Hijmans
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado
| | - Kelly Stockelman
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado
| | - Ma'ayan Levy
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado
| | - L Madden Brewster
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado
| | - Tyler D Bammert
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado
| | - Jared J Greiner
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado
| | - Elizabeth Connick
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona
| | - Christopher A DeSouza
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Longer Sleep Duration and Endothelial Cell Health Among a Multiethnic Sample of Adolescents. Psychosom Med 2019; 81:778-781. [PMID: 31592937 PMCID: PMC7983183 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000000745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adverse endothelial cell health, an early pathogenic process underlying atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease, is evident in childhood and adolescence. Sleep duration, a modifiable cardiovascular health behavior, may be an important cardiovascular disease prevention target that may affect endothelial cell health. We examined the associations of longer sleep duration with endothelial cell injury among youth. METHODS In a multiethnic sample of 235 children (63.0% female, mean age = 13.9 years), we conducted multivariable linear regressions to test the cross-sectional association of sleep duration and circulating levels of endothelial cell-derived microparticles (EMPs), phenotypic for endothelial cell activation and apoptosis (CD62E+ EMPs, CD31+/CD42b- EMPs, and CD31+/Annexin V+ EMPs). Sleep duration and EMPs were both treated as continuous variables. Models were adjusted for age, sex, race, pubertal status, household economic resources, and waist circumference. RESULTS Overall, 69.2% had short sleep duration (<8 hours of sleep per night). Longer sleep duration was significantly associated with lower levels of CD62E+ EMPs and CD31+/CD42b- EMPs. A 60-minute increase in sleep duration was associated with an 8.40 (95% confidence interval = -205.20 to -1.80, p = .046) decrease in CD62E+ EMPs and a 9.00 (95% confidence interval = -153.60 to -9.60, p = .027) decrease in CD31+/CD42b- EMPs. Sleep duration was not associated with CD31+/Annexin V+ EMPs. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the hypothesis that sleeping longer has beneficial effects on endothelial cell health during childhood. Primordial prevention efforts might incorporate sleep extension to offset cardiovascular risk in youth.
Collapse
|
41
|
Liu D, Baqar S, Lincz LL, Ekinci EI. Sodium Intake, Circulating Microvesicles and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes. Curr Diabetes Rev 2019; 15:435-445. [PMID: 30747074 DOI: 10.2174/1573399815666190212120822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
There is ongoing debate surrounding the complex relationship between dietary sodium intake and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The existing literature consists largely of observational studies that have demonstrated positive, negative, U-/J-shaped or unclear associations between sodium intake and cardiovascular outcomes. Our group and others have previously demonstrated an inverse relationship between dietary sodium intake and cardiovascular outcomes in people with type 2 diabetes. Increased activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and sympathetic nervous system is postulated to contribute to these paradoxical findings through endothelial dysfunction, a precursor to the development of cardiovascular disease. Microvesicles are submicron (0.1 - 1.0μm) vesicles that form during cellular activation, injury or death with endothelial microvesicles being recognized markers of endothelial dysfunction. They are pathologically elevated in a variety of vascular-related conditions including type 2 diabetes. Lower habitual sodium intake in type 2 diabetes has been associated with higher pro-coagulant platelet microvesicles levels but not with endothelial microvesicles. Research utilizing endothelial microvesicles to evaluate the mechanistic relationship between dietary sodium intake and adverse cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes remains scarce.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorothy Liu
- Department of Medicine, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sara Baqar
- Department of Medicine, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lisa L Lincz
- Hunter Haematology Research Group, Calvary Mater Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elif I Ekinci
- Department of Medicine, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Wanner N, Asosingh K. Immunophenotyping of Circulating Endothelial Cells and Endothelial Microparticles. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 2032:203-211. [PMID: 31522421 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9650-6_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Flow-cytometric detection of circulating endothelial cells and endothelial microparticles is an essential tool in studies of vascular diseases. Here we describe the principles and detailed methods for human blood sample processing, storage, labeling, and gating of circulating endothelial elements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Wanner
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kewal Asosingh
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Naranjo-Gómez JS, Castillo JA, Rojas M, Restrepo BN, Diaz FJ, Velilla PA, Castaño D. Different phenotypes of non-classical monocytes associated with systemic inflammation, endothelial alteration and hepatic compromise in patients with dengue. Immunology 2018; 156:147-163. [PMID: 30315653 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although dengue can progress to severe stages, the exact causes of this phenomenon are unknown; however, the possibility of monocyte participation is acknowledged. It has been suggested that monocyte subsets (classical, intermediate and non-classical) play differential roles in dengue immunopathology. Therefore, we determined the count of monocyte subsets and obtained the clinical information of patients with dengue. We noted a significant decrease in the count of non-classical monocytes in patients compared with controls. With this finding, we focused on studying the phenotype of non-classical monocytes in the present study. An increase in activation and differentiation markers, such as CD64, CD86, the percentage of tumor necrosis factor-α+ cells and exposure of phosphatidylserine, were recorded in the non-classical monocytes of patients compared with controls. Moreover, a significant decrease in the expression of CX3CR1 with a corresponding increase in the expressions of CCR2, CCR5, CD11b and CD54 was detected in the non-classical monocytes of patients in comparison with that of the controls. Significant increases in the frequency of microparticles from endothelium and in the concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8 and IL-10 were noted in the plasma of patients. These findings demonstrate that in patients with dengue, non-classical monocytes are activated, exhibiting a phenotype associated with more differentiation, produces tumor necrosis factor-α and has a profile of less endothelial surveillance closer to the cellular migration. These changes were associated with hepatic compromise, endothelial alteration and high concentration of circulating cytokines. Hence, alterations of non-classical monocytes seem to be associated with the immunopathology of dengue infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan S Naranjo-Gómez
- Grupo de Inmunología Celular e Inmunogenética, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Jorge Andrés Castillo
- Grupo de Inmunovirología, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Mauricio Rojas
- Unidad de Citometría, Facultad de Medicina, Sede de Investigación Universitaria, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Berta N Restrepo
- Instituto Colombiano de Medicina Tropical, Universidad CES, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Francisco J Diaz
- Grupo de Inmunovirología, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Paula A Velilla
- Grupo de Inmunovirología, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Diana Castaño
- Grupo de Inmunología Celular e Inmunogenética, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Kao CY, Papoutsakis ET. Engineering human megakaryocytic microparticles for targeted delivery of nucleic acids to hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaau6762. [PMID: 30417099 PMCID: PMC6221511 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau6762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) are important target cells for gene therapy applications. Current genetic modifications of HSPCs rely on viral vectors in vivo or electroporation ex vivo. Here, we developed a nonviral system based on megakaryocytic microparticles (MPs) for targeted delivery of plasmid DNA (pDNA) and small RNAs to HSPCs. We have previously shown that megakaryocytic MPs, the most abundant MPs in blood circulation, target specifically and deliver cargo to HSPCs both in vitro and in vivo. With an optimized electroporation protocol, an average of 4200 plasmid copies per MP were loaded into MP, thus enabling effective delivery of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-encoding pDNA to HSPCs and HSPC nuclei, with up to 81% nuclei containing pDNA. Effective functional small interfering RNA (siRNA) and microRNA (miRNA) delivery were also demonstrated. As patient-specific or generic megakaryocytic MPs can be readily generated and stored frozen, our data suggest that this system has great potential for therapeutic applications targeting HSPCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yuan Kao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA
| | - Eleftherios T. Papoutsakis
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Martin N, Smith AC, Dungey MR, Young HML, Burton JO, Bishop NC. Exercise during hemodialysis does not affect the phenotype or prothrombotic nature of microparticles but alters their proinflammatory function. Physiol Rep 2018; 6:e13825. [PMID: 30294974 PMCID: PMC6174123 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemodialysis patients have dysfunctional immune systems, chronic inflammation and comorbidity-associated risks of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and infection. Microparticles are biologically active nanovesicles shed from activated endothelial cells, immune cells, and platelets; they are elevated in hemodialysis patients and are associated with chronic inflammation and predictive of CVD mortality in this group. Exercise is advocated in hemodialysis to improve cardiovascular health yet acute exercise induces an increase in circulating microparticles in healthy populations. Therefore, this study aimed to assess acute effect of intradialytic exercise (IDE) on microparticle number and phenotype, and their ability to induce endothelial cell reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vitro. Eleven patients were studied during a routine hemodialysis session and one where they exercised in a randomized cross-over design. Microparticle number increased during hemodialysis (2064-7071 microparticles/μL, P < 0.001) as did phosphatidylserine+ (P < 0.05), platelet-derived (P < 0.01) and percentage procoagulant neutrophil-derived microparticles (P < 0.05), but this was not affected by IDE. However, microparticles collected immediately and 60 min after IDE (but not later) induced greater ROS generation from cultured endothelial cells (P < 0.05), suggesting a transient proinflammatory event. In summary IDE does not further increase prothrombotic microparticle numbers that occurs during hemodialysis. However, given acute proinflammatory responses to exercise stimulate an adaptation toward a circulating anti-inflammatory environment, microparticle-induced transient increases of endothelial cell ROS in vitro with IDE may indicate the potential for a longer-term anti-inflammatory adaptive effect. These findings provide a crucial evidence base for future studies of microparticles responses to IDE in view of the exceptionally high risk of CVD in these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Martin
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise MedicineSchool of Sport, Exercise and Health SciencesLoughborough UniversityLeicestershireUnited Kingdom
- Leicester Kidney Lifestyle TeamDepartment of Infection, Immunity & InflammationUniversity of Leicester and John Walls Renal UnitUniversity Hospitals of Leicester NHS TrustLeicestershireUnited Kingdom
| | - Alice C. Smith
- Leicester Kidney Lifestyle TeamDepartment of Infection, Immunity & InflammationUniversity of Leicester and John Walls Renal UnitUniversity Hospitals of Leicester NHS TrustLeicestershireUnited Kingdom
| | - Maurice R. Dungey
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise MedicineSchool of Sport, Exercise and Health SciencesLoughborough UniversityLeicestershireUnited Kingdom
- Leicester Kidney Lifestyle TeamDepartment of Infection, Immunity & InflammationUniversity of Leicester and John Walls Renal UnitUniversity Hospitals of Leicester NHS TrustLeicestershireUnited Kingdom
| | - Hannah M. L. Young
- Leicester Kidney Lifestyle TeamDepartment of Infection, Immunity & InflammationUniversity of Leicester and John Walls Renal UnitUniversity Hospitals of Leicester NHS TrustLeicestershireUnited Kingdom
| | - James O. Burton
- Leicester Kidney Lifestyle TeamDepartment of Infection, Immunity & InflammationUniversity of Leicester and John Walls Renal UnitUniversity Hospitals of Leicester NHS TrustLeicestershireUnited Kingdom
| | - Nicolette C. Bishop
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise MedicineSchool of Sport, Exercise and Health SciencesLoughborough UniversityLeicestershireUnited Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Shill DD, Lansford KA, Hempel HK, Call JA, Murrow JR, Jenkins NT. Effect of exercise intensity on circulating microparticles in men and women. Exp Physiol 2018; 103:693-700. [PMID: 29469165 DOI: 10.1113/ep086644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? What is the effect of exercise intensity on circulating microparticle populations in young, healthy men and women? What is the main finding and its importance? Acute, moderate-intensity continuous exercise and high-intensity interval exercise altered distinct microparticle populations during and after exercise in addition to a sex-specific response in CD62E+ microparticles. The microparticles studied contribute to cardiovascular disease progression, regulate vascular function and facilitate new blood vessel formation. Thus, characterizing the impact of intensity on exercise-induced microparticle responses advances our understanding of potential mechanisms underlying the beneficial vascular adaptations to exercise. ABSTRACT Circulating microparticles (MPs) are biological vectors of information within the cardiovascular system that elicit both deleterious and beneficial effects on the vasculature. Acute exercise has been shown to alter MP concentrations, probably through a shear stress-dependent mechanism, but evidence is limited. Therefore, we investigated the effect of exercise intensity on plasma levels of CD34+ and CD62E+ MPs in young, healthy men and women. Blood samples were collected before, during and after two energy-matched bouts of acute treadmill exercise: interval exercise (10 × 1 min intervals at ∼95% of maximal oxygen uptake V̇O2max) and continuous exercise (65% V̇O2max). Continuous exercise, but not interval exercise, reduced CD62E+ MP concentrations in men and women by 18% immediately after exercise (from 914.5 ± 589.6 to 754.4 ± 390.5 MPs μl-1 ; P < 0.05), suggesting that mechanisms underlying exercise-induced CD62E+ MP dynamics are intensity dependent. Furthermore, continuous exercise reduced CD62E+ MPs in women by 19% (from 1030.6 ± 688.1 to 829.9 ± 435.4 MPs μl-1 ; P < 0.05), but not in men. Although interval exercise did not alter CD62E+ MPs per se, the concentrations after interval exercise were higher than those observed after continuous exercise (P < 0.05). Conversely, CD34+ MPs did not fluctuate in response to short-duration acute continuous or interval exercise in men or women. Our results suggest that exercise-induced MP alterations are intensity dependent and sex specific and impact MP populations differentially.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D Shill
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Kasey A Lansford
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Hannah K Hempel
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Jarrod A Call
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.,Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Jonathan R Murrow
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.,Augusta University-University of Georgia Medical Partnership, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Nathan T Jenkins
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Chen Y, Li G, Liu ML. Microvesicles as Emerging Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets in Cardiometabolic Diseases. GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2018; 16:50-62. [PMID: 29462670 PMCID: PMC6000161 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Microvesicles (MVs, also known as microparticles) are small vesicles that originate from plasma membrane of almost all eukaryotic cells during apoptosis or activation. MVs can serve as extracellular vehicles to transport bioactive molecules from their parental cells to recipient target cells, thereby serving as novel mediators for intercellular communication. Importantly, more and more evidence indicates that MVs could play important roles in early pathogenesis and subsequent progression of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Elevated plasma concentrations of MVs, originating from red blood cells, leukocytes, platelets, or other organs and tissues, have been reported in various cardiometabolic diseases. Circulating MVs could serve as potential biomarkers for disease diagnosis or therapeutic monitoring. In this review, we summarized recently-published studies in the field and discussed the role of MVs in the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic diseases. The emerging values of MVs that serve as biomarker for non-invasive diagnosis and prognosis, as well as their roles as novel therapeutic targets in cardiometabolic diseases, were also described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Guangping Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China.
| | - Ming-Lin Liu
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Traumatic Brain Injury and Alzheimer's Disease: The Cerebrovascular Link. EBioMedicine 2018; 28:21-30. [PMID: 29396300 PMCID: PMC5835563 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are devastating neurological disorders, whose complex relationship is not completely understood. Cerebrovascular pathology, a key element in both conditions, could represent a mechanistic link between Aβ/tau deposition after TBI and the development of post concussive syndrome, dementia and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). In addition to debilitating acute effects, TBI-induced neurovascular injuries accelerate amyloid β (Aβ) production and perivascular accumulation, arterial stiffness, tau hyperphosphorylation and tau/Aβ-induced blood brain barrier damage, giving rise to a deleterious feed-forward loop. We postulate that TBI can initiate cerebrovascular pathology, which is causally involved in the development of multiple forms of neurodegeneration including AD-like dementias. In this review, we will explore how novel biomarkers, animal and human studies with a focus on cerebrovascular dysfunction are contributing to the understanding of the consequences of TBI on the development of AD-like pathology. Cerebrovascular dysfunction (CVD) is emerging as a key element in the development of neurodegeneration after TBI. We propose that TBI initiates CVD, accelerating Aβ/tau deposition and leading to neurodegeneration and dementias. Clarifying this connection will support the development of novel biomarkers and therapeutic approaches for both TBI and AD.
Collapse
|
49
|
Vítková V, Živný J, Janota J. Endothelial cell-derived microvesicles: potential mediators and biomarkers of pathologic processes. Biomark Med 2018; 12:161-175. [PMID: 29327597 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2017-0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the formation, composition and function of endothelial microvesicles (MV), often called microparticles (MP). MV release is a controlled event and is considered a hallmark of cellular activation or alteration. MV may affect the function of target cells through surface interaction and receptor activation, cellular fusion and the delivery of intravesicular cargo. Endothelial MV are released as a consequence of endothelial activation during inflammation and have been described to affect hemostasis, various aspects of inflammatory reaction, vessel formation, apoptosis and cell survival, endothelial cell differentiation and function. Recent data suggest the potential use of MV in diagnostics, assessment of severity and prediction of outcomes in inflammatory diseases and their utilization as targets, mediators and vectors in therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Vítková
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathological Physiology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,Thomayer Department of Neonatology, Thomayer Hospital Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Živný
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathological Physiology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Janota
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathological Physiology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,Thomayer Department of Neonatology, Thomayer Hospital Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Berridge BR, Schultze AE, Heyen JR, Searfoss GH, Sarazan RD. Technological Advances in Cardiovascular Safety Assessment Decrease Preclinical Animal Use and Improve Clinical Relevance. ILAR J 2017; 57:120-132. [PMID: 28053066 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilw028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular (CV) safety liabilities are significant concerns for drug developers and preclinical animal studies are predominately where those liabilities are characterized before patient exposures. Steady progress in technology and laboratory capabilities is enabling a more refined and informative use of animals in those studies. The application of surgically implantable and telemetered instrumentation in the acute assessment of drug effects on CV function has significantly improved historical approaches that involved anesthetized or restrained animals. More chronically instrumented animals and application of common clinical imaging assessments like echocardiography and MRI extend functional and in-life structural assessments into the repeat-dose setting. A growing portfolio of circulating CV biomarkers is allowing longitudinal and repeated measures of cardiac and vascular injury and dysfunction better informing an understanding of temporal pathogenesis and allowing earlier detection of undesirable effects. In vitro modeling systems of the past were limited by their lack of biological relevance to the in vivo human condition. Advances in stem cell technology and more complex in vitro modeling platforms are quickly creating more opportunity to supplant animals in our earliest assessments for liabilities. Continuing improvement in our capabilities in both animal and nonanimal modeling should support a steady decrease in animal use for primary liability identification and optimize the translational relevance of the animal studies we continue to do.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian R Berridge
- Brian R. Berridge, DVM, PhD, is a Senior GSK Fellow and Head of Worldwide Animal Research Strategy at GlaxoSmithKline in King of Prussia, Pennsylvania. A. Eric Schultze, DVM, PhD, is a Senior Research Advisor-Pathologist at Lilly Research Laboratories in Indianapolis, Indiana. Jon R. Heyen, MS, is a Senior Principal Scientist at Pfizer in La Jolla, California. George H. Searfoss, MS, is a Consultant Toxicologist at Lilly Research Laboratories in Indianapolis, Indiana. R. Dustan Sarazan, DVM, PhD, is a cardiovascular consultant currently residing in Rhinelander, Wisconsin
| | - A Eric Schultze
- Brian R. Berridge, DVM, PhD, is a Senior GSK Fellow and Head of Worldwide Animal Research Strategy at GlaxoSmithKline in King of Prussia, Pennsylvania. A. Eric Schultze, DVM, PhD, is a Senior Research Advisor-Pathologist at Lilly Research Laboratories in Indianapolis, Indiana. Jon R. Heyen, MS, is a Senior Principal Scientist at Pfizer in La Jolla, California. George H. Searfoss, MS, is a Consultant Toxicologist at Lilly Research Laboratories in Indianapolis, Indiana. R. Dustan Sarazan, DVM, PhD, is a cardiovascular consultant currently residing in Rhinelander, Wisconsin
| | - Jon R Heyen
- Brian R. Berridge, DVM, PhD, is a Senior GSK Fellow and Head of Worldwide Animal Research Strategy at GlaxoSmithKline in King of Prussia, Pennsylvania. A. Eric Schultze, DVM, PhD, is a Senior Research Advisor-Pathologist at Lilly Research Laboratories in Indianapolis, Indiana. Jon R. Heyen, MS, is a Senior Principal Scientist at Pfizer in La Jolla, California. George H. Searfoss, MS, is a Consultant Toxicologist at Lilly Research Laboratories in Indianapolis, Indiana. R. Dustan Sarazan, DVM, PhD, is a cardiovascular consultant currently residing in Rhinelander, Wisconsin
| | - George H Searfoss
- Brian R. Berridge, DVM, PhD, is a Senior GSK Fellow and Head of Worldwide Animal Research Strategy at GlaxoSmithKline in King of Prussia, Pennsylvania. A. Eric Schultze, DVM, PhD, is a Senior Research Advisor-Pathologist at Lilly Research Laboratories in Indianapolis, Indiana. Jon R. Heyen, MS, is a Senior Principal Scientist at Pfizer in La Jolla, California. George H. Searfoss, MS, is a Consultant Toxicologist at Lilly Research Laboratories in Indianapolis, Indiana. R. Dustan Sarazan, DVM, PhD, is a cardiovascular consultant currently residing in Rhinelander, Wisconsin
| | - R Dustan Sarazan
- Brian R. Berridge, DVM, PhD, is a Senior GSK Fellow and Head of Worldwide Animal Research Strategy at GlaxoSmithKline in King of Prussia, Pennsylvania. A. Eric Schultze, DVM, PhD, is a Senior Research Advisor-Pathologist at Lilly Research Laboratories in Indianapolis, Indiana. Jon R. Heyen, MS, is a Senior Principal Scientist at Pfizer in La Jolla, California. George H. Searfoss, MS, is a Consultant Toxicologist at Lilly Research Laboratories in Indianapolis, Indiana. R. Dustan Sarazan, DVM, PhD, is a cardiovascular consultant currently residing in Rhinelander, Wisconsin
| |
Collapse
|