1
|
Emerson LM, Adams D. Brief Report: Family Accommodation is Associated with the Impact of Childhood Anxiety in Autism. J Autism Dev Disord 2023; 53:3710-3716. [PMID: 35362802 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05534-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety is commonly experienced by children on the autism spectrum, and can negatively impact their lives. Family accommodation has been linked to the impact of anxiety on the child's life in non-autistic children. This study tested whether the same relationship holds for children on the autism spectrum. A community sample (n = 118) of parents of children on the spectrum completed questionnaires on their child's autism characteristics and severity and impact of their child's anxiety, their own anxiety and family accommodation behaviours. Family accommodation was associated with the impact of child anxiety, over and above anxiety severity of the child and parent. Findings support the involvement of parents in psychosocial support for children on the autism spectrum experiencing anxiety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Marie Emerson
- School of Health Sciences, University of Canterbury, Kirkwood Avenue, Christchurch, 8041, New Zealand.
| | - Dawn Adams
- Autism Centre of Excellence, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Reyes NM, Moody E, Hightshoe K, Davidon S, Rosenberg S, Dahl E, Kubicek LF. Factors That May Influence Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ) Scores: An Examination of the Spanish and English SCQ in School-Aged Students. SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/2372966x.2021.1927830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
3
|
Licence L, Oliver C, Moss J, Richards C. Prevalence and Risk-Markers of Self-Harm in Autistic Children and Adults. J Autism Dev Disord 2020; 50:3561-3574. [PMID: 31655964 PMCID: PMC7502049 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-019-04260-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Self-harm is purportedly common in autistic individuals, but under-researched, particularly in younger samples and those without intellectual disability. This study aimed to describe prevalence, profile and correlates of self-harm in autistic individuals without impairments in adaptive functioning. Parents of autistic participants (n = 83) completed questionnaires regarding the presence/topography of self-harm, demographic characteristics, autism severity, age of diagnosis, affect, activity levels and repetitive behaviour. 24.10% of participants engaged in self-harm. Self‐harm was associated with significantly higher levels of impulsivity, over-activity, negative affect, compulsive behaviour and insistence on sameness. Low mood and overactivity/impulsivity predicted the presence of self-harm, with the model correctly classifying 82.9% of cases. Findings highlight a role for impaired behavioural inhibition and low mood in the aetiological mechanisms underpinning self-harm in autism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Licence
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Chris Oliver
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Jo Moss
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.,School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Caroline Richards
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Early childhood social communication deficits in youth at clinical high-risk for psychosis: Associations with functioning and risk. Dev Psychopathol 2020; 32:559-572. [PMID: 31064575 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579419000385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Effective social functioning requires a broad range of social communication skills that are impaired in psychosis populations. However, little is known about early childhood (4- to 5-year period) social communication during the premorbid (pre-illness) stage of psychosis. The present study utilized retrospective parent reports to examine total early childhood social communication deficits, as well as deficits in two distinct domains, reciprocal social interaction (social smiling/eye gaze) and communication (social chat/gesture), in youth at clinical high-risk (CHR) for psychosis (ages 13-21; 37.2% female). Furthermore, associations between early childhood social communication and CHR youth's current functioning (social, academic/work), symptoms (positive/negative), and risk for conversion to psychosis were examined. Compared to healthy controls, CHR individuals had greater deficits in total and communication-specific early childhood social communication. Early childhood total, communication, and reciprocal social interaction deficits were associated with worse current functioning and greater current negative symptom severity (amotivation/anhedonia) in CHR youth. Early childhood total and reciprocal social interaction deficits were also associated with increased risk for conversion. These findings inform the field's understanding of the etiology and pathophysiology of psychosis by extending the current developmental literature on premorbid deficits in psychosis populations to specific domains of social behavior in a critical developmental period.
Collapse
|
5
|
Passalacqua C, García M, Sepúlveda E, Toledo D, Valencia M, Arancibia M. Psychological and cognitive evaluation of autism in a patient with MOMO syndrome: a case report and literature review. Medwave 2019; 19:e7622. [PMID: 31075093 DOI: 10.5867/medwave.2019.04.7621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
MOMO is an acronym for macrosomia, obesity, macrocephaly and ocular abnormalities. The syndrome was first described in 1993, with a total of nine patients published thus far. All the cases presented intellectual disability and in one case autism was described. We present a new case of a patient with MOMO syndrome, who consulted for hallucinatory phenomena. He completed a neuropsychological, clinical and cognitive evaluation, showing a borderline intelligence quotient and fulfilled the criteria for autism spectrum disorder. This is the first neurocognitive evaluation of a patient with MOMO, supporting the use of standardized scales in order to assess the autism and other psychiatric comorbidities in patients with genetics syndromes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elisa Sepúlveda
- Hospital Carlos van Buren, Valparaíso, Chile; Departamento de Pediatría, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Diego Toledo
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Matías Valencia
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Marcelo Arancibia
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar, Chile; Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios en Salud (CIESAL), Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rodrigues JM, Fernandes HD, Caruthers C, Braddock SR, Knutsen AP. Cohen Syndrome: Review of the Literature. Cureus 2018; 10:e3330. [PMID: 30473963 PMCID: PMC6248805 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.3330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cohen syndrome was initially described as a syndrome including obesity, hypotonia, mental deficiency, and facial, oral, ocular and limb anomalies. Leukopenia, especially neutropenia, was later described as a feature of Cohen syndrome. Cohen syndrome is caused by an autosomal recessive (AR) mutation of the vacuolar protein sorting 13 homolog B (VPS13B, also referred to as COH1) gene on chromosome 8q22.2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Rodrigues
- Internal Medicine, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bismarck, USA
| | - Hermina D Fernandes
- Internal Medicine, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bismarck, USA
| | | | | | - Alan P Knutsen
- Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Crawford H, Moss J, Stinton C, Singla G, Oliver C. Overactivity, impulsivity and repetitive behaviour in males with fragile X syndrome: contrasting developmental trajectories in those with and without elevated autism symptoms. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2018; 62:672-683. [PMID: 29722449 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperactivity and repetitive behaviour are characteristic features of fragile X syndrome (FXS). However, little is known about the influence of autism symptomatology on how these characteristics develop over time. We investigate the profiles and developmental trajectories of overactivity, impulsivity and repetitive behaviour, in males with FXS over three time points spanning 8 years. METHOD Participants formed two subgroups, those who displayed elevated symptoms of autism at Time 1 (n = 37; Mage = 16.32; age range = 6.61-43.51) and those who did not (n = 32; Mage = 8.43; age range = 8.94-47.49). RESULTS Participants without elevated symptoms of autism showed a reduction in impulsivity and repetitive questioning over time, whereas those with elevated symptoms of autism did not. Differences between the two subgroups in several topographies of repetitive behaviour emerged at Time 3 only. CONCLUSIONS These results further understanding of the relationship between autistic phenomenology and behavioural characteristics in FXS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Crawford
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
- Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - J Moss
- Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - C Stinton
- Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - G Singla
- Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - C Oliver
- Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ajmone PF, Avignone S, Gervasini C, Giacobbe A, Monti F, Costantino A, Esposito S, Marchisio P, Triulzi F, Milani D. Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome: New neuroradiological and neuropsychiatric insights from a multidisciplinary approach. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2018; 177:406-415. [PMID: 29637745 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome is a rare, autosomal dominant, plurimalformative disorder that is clinically characterized by intellectual disability and a wide spectrum of congenital anomalies; facial dysmorphisms are typical, and broad thumbs and great toes are particularly distinctive. Its genetic basis is only partially known, with a detection rate of approximately 65-70%; specifically, microdeletions or mutations in the CREBBP or EP300 genes can be found. Much is known about its clinical features and health-care protocols, but some areas of clinical knowledge are currently unsolved. In particular, few efforts have been made until now to understand the variability in the neuropsychological and neurobehavioral profile and to deepen knowledge of the neuroradiological malformative pattern. Consequently, little is known about the possible genotype-phenotype correlations of these issues. Here, we report clinical and genetic data from a cohort of 23 RSTS Italian patients. The most common features in brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were dysmorphic aspects of the corpus callosum (73.6%) with or without minor dysmorphisms of cerebellar vermis, periventricular posterior white matter hyperintensity, and other less common anomalies. The most interesting feature on the whole spine MRI scans was the tendency for a low-lying conus medullaris without terminal filum thickening. These data will help to improve neuropsychiatric and neuroradiological knowledge and highlight specific genotype-phenotype correlations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola F Ajmone
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Service (UONPIA) Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Sabrina Avignone
- Department of Neuroradiology, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Gervasini
- Medical Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonella Giacobbe
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Service (UONPIA) Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Fedrico Monti
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Service (UONPIA) Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonella Costantino
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Service (UONPIA) Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Susanna Esposito
- Pediatric Clinic, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Paola Marchisio
- Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Triulzi
- Department of Neuroradiology, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Donatella Milani
- Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Alari V, Russo S, Terragni B, Ajmone PF, Sironi A, Catusi I, Calzari L, Concolino D, Marotta R, Milani D, Giardino D, Mantegazza M, Gervasini C, Finelli P, Larizza L. iPSC-derived neurons of CREBBP- and EP300-mutated Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome patients show morphological alterations and hypoexcitability. Stem Cell Res 2018; 30:130-140. [PMID: 29883886 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2018.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome (RSTS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by distinctive facial features, growth retardation, broad thumbs and toes and mild to severe intellectual disability, caused by heterozygous mutations in either CREBBP or EP300 genes, encoding the homologous CBP and p300 lysine-acetyltransferases and transcriptional coactivators. No RSTS in vitro induced Pluripotent Stem Cell (iPSC)-neuronal model is available yet to achieve mechanistic insights on cognitive impairment of RSTS patients. We established iPSC-derived neurons (i-neurons) from peripheral blood cells of three CREBBP- and two EP300-mutated patients displaying different levels of intellectual disability, and four unaffected controls. Pan neuronal and cortical-specific markers were expressed by all patients' i-neurons. Altered morphology of patients' differentiating neurons, showing reduced branch length and increased branch number, and hypoexcitability of differentiated neurons emerged as potential disease biomarkers. Anomalous neuronal morphology and reduced excitability varied across different RSTS patients' i-neurons. Further studies are needed to validate these markers and assess whether they reflect cognitive and behavioural impairment of the donor patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Alari
- Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Centro di Ricerche e Tecnologie Biomediche, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20145 Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Russo
- Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Centro di Ricerche e Tecnologie Biomediche, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20145 Milano, Italy
| | - Benedetta Terragni
- Dept. of Neurophysiology and Diagnostic Epileptology, IRCCS Foundation C. Besta Neurological Institute, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Paola Francesca Ajmone
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Service (UONPIA), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandra Sironi
- Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Centro di Ricerche e Tecnologie Biomediche, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20145 Milano, Italy
| | - Ilaria Catusi
- Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Centro di Ricerche e Tecnologie Biomediche, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20145 Milano, Italy
| | - Luciano Calzari
- Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Centro di Ricerche e Tecnologie Biomediche, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20145 Milano, Italy
| | - Daniela Concolino
- Pediatrics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University "Magna Graecia", 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rosa Marotta
- Pediatrics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University "Magna Graecia", 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Donatella Milani
- Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Daniela Giardino
- Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Centro di Ricerche e Tecnologie Biomediche, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20145 Milano, Italy
| | - Massimo Mantegazza
- Dept. of Neurophysiology and Diagnostic Epileptology, IRCCS Foundation C. Besta Neurological Institute, 20133 Milano, Italy; Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology (IPMC), CNRS UMR7275, LabEx ICST, 06560 Valbonne-Sophia Antipolis, France; Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), 06560 Valbonne-Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Cristina Gervasini
- Medical Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milano, Italy
| | - Palma Finelli
- Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Centro di Ricerche e Tecnologie Biomediche, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20145 Milano, Italy
| | - Lidia Larizza
- Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Centro di Ricerche e Tecnologie Biomediche, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20145 Milano, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Crawford H, Waite J, Oliver C. Diverse Profiles of Anxiety Related Disorders in Fragile X, Cornelia de Lange and Rubinstein-Taybi Syndromes. J Autism Dev Disord 2017; 47:3728-3740. [PMID: 28144878 PMCID: PMC5676833 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-016-3015-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety disorders are heightened in specific genetic syndromes in comparison to intellectual disability of heterogeneous aetiology. In this study, we described and contrasted anxiety symptomatology in fragile X (FXS), Cornelia de Lange (CdLS) and Rubinstein-Taybi syndromes (RTS), and compared the symptomatology to normative data for typically-developing children and children diagnosed with an anxiety disorder. Scores did not differ between children diagnosed with an anxiety disorder and (a) participants with FXS on social phobia, panic/agoraphobia, physical injury fears, and obsessive-compulsive subscales (b) participants with CdLS on separation anxiety, generalized anxiety, panic/agoraphobia, physical injury fears and obsessive-compulsive subscales, and (c) participants with RTS on panic/agoraphobia and obsessive-compulsive subscales. The results highlight divergent profiles of anxiety symptomatology between these groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hayley Crawford
- Centre for Research in Psychology, Behaviour and Achievement, Coventry University, James Starley Building (JSG12), Priory Street, Coventry, CV1 5FB, UK.
- Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Jane Waite
- Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Chris Oliver
- Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Richards C, Powis L, Moss J, Stinton C, Nelson L, Oliver C. Prospective study of autism phenomenology and the behavioural phenotype of Phelan-McDermid syndrome: comparison to fragile X syndrome, Down syndrome and idiopathic autism spectrum disorder. J Neurodev Disord 2017; 9:37. [PMID: 29126394 PMCID: PMC5681818 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-017-9217-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The limited behavioural phenotype literature on Phelan–McDermid syndrome (PMS) indicates atypically high levels of activity, impulsivity and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) behaviours. Divergent profiles of ASD in PMS are also reported, with some studies demonstrating similarities to idiopathic ASD and others indicating an uneven profile of social and communication impairments and repetitive behaviours. An evaluation of the behavioural phenotype of PMS and the prevalence and phenomenology of ASD is warranted, particularly given the causal involvement of the SHANK3 gene in the aetiology of PMS. Methods Carers of individuals with PMS (N = 30; mean age = 10.55, SD = 7.08) completed questionnaires relating to impulsivity, overactivity, mood, interest and pleasure, repetitive behaviour and ASD phenomenology. These data were compared to data from matched samples of individuals with fragile X and Down syndromes and idiopathic ASD. In order to evaluate the profile of ASD phenomenology in PMS, two comparisons were made: first, including the total sample with PMS, and second, including only those who met the threshold indicative of autism on an ASD screening measure. Results The results revealed lower mood in individuals with PMS, but no differences in impulsivity and overactivity. Compulsive and routine-driven repetitive behaviours were less common in the total sample with PMS; however, motor-based stereotyped behaviours were more common. ASD phenomenology was highly prevalent, with 87% of the sample meeting the cutoff score for ASD and 57% meeting the cutoff for autism. The profile of ASD phenomenology in the total sample with PMS differed from those with idiopathic ASD across impairments in communication and social interaction and repetitive behaviour. However, the profile of those who met the threshold for autism was commensurate to those with idiopathic ASD. Conclusions ASD phenomenology is common within PMS. Whilst the total sample may display an atypical profile of ASD behaviour, the profile in those who met the threshold for autism was very similar to those with idiopathic ASD. These results are discussed in relation to the wider behavioural phenotype and the emerging evidence of an autism endophenotype in PMS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Richards
- Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Laurie Powis
- Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.,Hertfordshire Partnership University Foundation Trust, West Community Assessment and Treatment Service, St. Paul's, Off Allandale, Hemel Hempstead, Hertfordshire, HP2 5XY, UK
| | - Jo Moss
- Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.,Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, WC1N 3AR, UK
| | - Christopher Stinton
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Lisa Nelson
- Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Christopher Oliver
- Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Tint A, Palucka AM, Bradley E, Weiss JA, Lunsky Y. Correlates of Police Involvement Among Adolescents and Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Autism Dev Disord 2017; 47:2639-2647. [DOI: 10.1007/s10803-017-3182-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
13
|
Tint A, Weiss JA, Lunsky Y. Identifying the clinical needs and patterns of health service use of adolescent girls and women with autism spectrum disorder. Autism Res 2017; 10:1558-1566. [PMID: 28474493 DOI: 10.1002/aur.1806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Girls and women in the general population present with a distinct profile of clinical needs and use more associated health services compared to boys and men; however, research focused on health service use patterns among girls and women with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is limited. In the current study, caregivers of 61 adolescent girls and women with ASD and 223 boys and men with ASD completed an online survey. Descriptive analyses were conducted to better understand the clinical needs and associated service use patterns of girls and women with ASD. Sex/gender comparisons were made of individuals' clinical needs and service use. Adolescent girls and women with ASD had prevalent co-occurring mental and physical conditions and parents reported elevated levels of caregiver strain. Multiple service use was common across age groups, particularly among adolescent girls and women with intellectual disability. Overall, few sex/gender differences emerged, although a significantly greater proportion of girls and women accessed psychiatry and emergency department services as compared to boys and men. Though the current study is limited by its use of parent report and small sample size, it suggests that girls and women with ASD may share many of the same high clinical needs and patterns of services use as boys and men with ASD. Areas for future research are discussed to help ensure appropriate support is provided to this understudied population. Autism Res 2017, 10: 1558-1566. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ami Tint
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M3J 1P3.,Adult Neurodevelopmental Services, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5V 2B4
| | - Jonathan A Weiss
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M3J 1P3
| | - Yona Lunsky
- Adult Neurodevelopmental Services, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5V 2B4.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Moss J, Penhallow J, Ansari M, Barton S, Bourn D, FitzPatrick DR, Goodship J, Hammond P, Roberts C, Welham A, Oliver C. Genotype-phenotype correlations in Cornelia de Lange syndrome: Behavioral characteristics and changes with age. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 173:1566-1574. [PMID: 28425213 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a multisystem genetic disorder associated with unusual facial features, limb abnormalities, a wide range of health conditions, and intellectual disability. Mutations in five genes that encode (SMC1A, SMC3, RAD21) or regulate (NIPBL, HDAC8) the cohesin complex have been identified in up to 70% of individuals. Genetic cause remains unknown for a proportion of individuals. There is substantial heterogeneity in all aspects of CdLS but very little is known about what predicts phenotypic heterogeneity. In this study, we evaluated genotype-phenotype associations in 34 individuals with CdLS. Participants with NIPBL mutations had significantly lower self help skills and were less likely to have verbal skills relative to those who were negative for the NIPBL mutation. No significant differences were identified between the groups in relation to repetitive behavior, mood, interest and pleasure, challenging behavior, activity, impulsivity, and characteristics of autism spectrum disorder whilst controlling differences in self help skills. Significant correlations indicating lower mood, interest and pleasure, and increased insistence on sameness with older age were identified for those who were NIPBL mutation positive. The findings suggest similarities in the behavioral phenotype between those with and without the NIPBL mutation once differences in self help skills are controlled for. However, there may be subtle differences in the developmental trajectory of these behaviors according to genetic mutation status in CdLS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Moss
- Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jessica Penhallow
- Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Morad Ansari
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Stephanie Barton
- Northern Regional Genetics Service, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - David Bourn
- Northern Regional Genetics Service, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Judith Goodship
- Northern Regional Genetics Service, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Peter Hammond
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, London, UK
| | - Catherine Roberts
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alice Welham
- Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Chris Oliver
- Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Moss J, Nelson L, Powis L, Waite J, Richards C, Oliver C. A Comparative Study of Sociability in Angelman, Cornelia de Lange, Fragile X, Down and Rubinstein Taybi Syndromes and Autism Spectrum Disorder. AMERICAN JOURNAL ON INTELLECTUAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2016; 121:465-486. [PMID: 27802104 DOI: 10.1352/1944-7558-121.6.465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Few comparative studies have evaluated the heterogeneity of sociability across a range of neurodevelopmental disorders. The Sociability Questionnaire for People with Intellectual Disability (SQID) was completed by caregivers of individuals with Cornelia de Lange (n = 98), Angelman (n = 66), Fragile X (n = 142), Down (n = 117) and Rubinstein Taybi (n = 88) syndromes and autism spectrum disorder (ASD; n = 107). Between groups and age-band (<12yrs; 12-18yrs; >18yrs) comparisons of SQID scores were conducted. Rates of behaviors indicative of selective mutism were also examined. Fragile X syndrome achieved the lowest SQID scores. Cornelia de Lange, ASD, and Fragile X groups scored significantly lower than Angelman, Down and Rubinstein Taybi groups. Selective mutism characteristics were highest in Cornelia de Lange (40%) followed by Fragile X (17.8%) and ASD (18.2%). Age-band differences were identified in Cornelia de Lange and Down syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Moss
- Joanna Moss, Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Birmingham, and Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London; Lisa Nelson, Laurie Powis, Jane Waite, Caroline Richards, and Chris Oliver, Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Birmingham
| | | | | | | | | | - Chris Oliver
- Joanna Moss, Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Birmingham, and Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London; Lisa Nelson, Laurie Powis, Jane Waite, Caroline Richards, and Chris Oliver, Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Birmingham
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Richards C, Moss J, Nelson L, Oliver C. Persistence of self-injurious behaviour in autism spectrum disorder over 3 years: a prospective cohort study of risk markers. J Neurodev Disord 2016; 8:21. [PMID: 27158272 PMCID: PMC4858900 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-016-9153-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There are few studies documenting the persistence of self-injury in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and consequently limited data on behavioural and demographic characteristics associated with persistence. In this longitudinal study, we investigated self-injury in a cohort of individuals with ASD over 3 years to identify behavioural and demographic characteristics associated with persistence. Methods Carers of 67 individuals with ASD (Median age of individuals with ASD in years = 13.5, Interquartile Range = 10.00–17.00), completed questionnaires relating to the presence and topography of self-injury at T1 and three years later at T2. Analyses were conducted to evaluate the persistence of self-injury and to evaluate the behavioural and demographic characteristics associated with persistence of self-injury. Results At T2 self-injurious behaviour had persisted in 77.8 % of individuals. Behavioural correlates of being non-verbal, having lower ability and higher levels of overactivity, impulsivity and repetitive behaviour, were associated with self-injury at both time points. Risk markers of impulsivity (p = 0.021) and deficits in social interaction (p = 0.026) at T1 were associated with the persistence of self-injury over 3 years. Conclusions Impulsivity and deficits in social interaction are associated with persistent self-injury in ASD and thus may act as behavioural risk markers. The identification of these risk markers evidences a role for behaviour dysregulation in the development and maintenance of self-injury. The findings have clinical implications for proactive intervention; these behavioural characteristics may be utilised to identify ‘at risk’ individuals for whom self-injury is likely to be persistent and therefore those individuals for whom early intervention may be most warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Richards
- Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT UK
| | - Jo Moss
- Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT UK ; Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Lisa Nelson
- Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT UK
| | - Chris Oliver
- Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT UK
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kim JH, Sunwoo HJ, Park SB, Noh DH, Jung YK, Cho IH, Cho SC, Kim BN, Shin MS, Kim JW, Park TW, Son JW, Chung US, Yoo HJ. A Validation Study of the Korean Version of Social Communication Questionnaire. Soa Chongsonyon Chongsin Uihak 2015. [DOI: 10.5765/jkacap.2015.26.3.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
|
18
|
Sheth K, Moss J, Hyland S, Stinton C, Cole T, Oliver C. The behavioral characteristics of Sotos syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2015; 167A:2945-56. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Krupa Sheth
- Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, School of Psychology; University of Birmingham; Birmingham United Kingdom
| | - Joanna Moss
- Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, School of Psychology; University of Birmingham; Birmingham United Kingdom
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience; University College London; London United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Hyland
- Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, School of Psychology; University of Birmingham; Birmingham United Kingdom
| | - Chris Stinton
- Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, School of Psychology; University of Birmingham; Birmingham United Kingdom
| | - Trevor Cole
- Department of Clinical Genetics; Birmingham Women's Hospital; Birmingham United Kingdom
| | - Chris Oliver
- Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, School of Psychology; University of Birmingham; Birmingham United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Welham A, Barth B, Moss J, Penhallow J, Sheth K, Wilde L, Wynn S, Oliver C. Behavioral characteristics associated with 19p13.2 microdeletions. Am J Med Genet A 2015; 167A:2334-43. [PMID: 26189583 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A small number of recent papers have described individuals with intellectual disabilities and microdeletions in chromosome band 19p13.2. However, little is known about the behavioral characteristics of individuals with microdeletions in this area. The current study examines behavioral characteristics of a series of 10 participants ranging in age from 2 to 20 years with 19p13.2 microdeletions. Parents/caregivers completed a series of established behavioral measures which have aided the elucidation of the behavioral phenotypes of a number of genetic neurodevelopmental syndromes. All but the youngest two participants (aged 2 and 3 years) were verbal, ambulant, and classified as "partly able" or "able" with regard to self-help skills. Six of eight participants for whom a screening measure for autism spectrum disorders (ASD) could be deployed met criteria for an ASD. Six of the 10 participants had displayed self-injurious behavior in the month prior to assessment, eight had displayed destruction/disruption of property, and eight had shown physically aggressive behaviors. Repetitive behaviors were prevalent in the sample (with all participants displaying at least one repetitive behavior to a clinically relevant level), as were problems with sleep. Low mood was not prevalent in this group, and nor were overactivity or impulsivity. Full determination of a behavioral phenotype for this group would require a larger sample size, distinguishing between genetic subtypes. However, the current data suggest that ASD characteristics, repetitive, and challenging behaviors (such as aggression and self-injury) might be associated with 19p13.2 microdeletions, providing a basis for future investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Lucy Wilde
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sarah Wynn
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,UNIQUE Rare Chromosome Disorder Support Group, London, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Crawford H, Moss J, Anderson GM, Oliver C, McCleery JP. Implicit Discrimination of Basic Facial Expressions of Positive/Negative Emotion in Fragile X Syndrome and Autism Spectrum Disorder. AMERICAN JOURNAL ON INTELLECTUAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2015; 120:328-345. [PMID: 26161470 DOI: 10.1352/1944-7558-120.4.328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are characterized by impaired social functioning. We examined the spontaneous discrimination of happy and disgusted facial expressions, from neutral faces, in individuals with FXS (n = 13, Mage = 19.70) and ASD (n = 15, Mage = 11.00) matched on adaptive behavior and verbal abilities measured by the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale. Eye gaze to the eyes and mouth of neutral faces was also measured. Results suggest individuals with FXS and ASD distinguish facial expressions spontaneously in the same way. Individuals with FXS looked significantly less at the eye region of neutral faces than individuals with ASD. These results provide insight into similarities and differences in face processing in two neurodevelopmental disorders noted for their similarities in social behavior.
Collapse
|
21
|
Weiss JA, Tint A, Paquette-Smith M, Lunsky Y. Perceived self-efficacy in parents of adolescents and adults with autism spectrum disorder. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2015; 20:425-34. [PMID: 26019305 DOI: 10.1177/1362361315586292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Many parents of adolescents and adults with autism spectrum disorder experience difficulty accessing appropriate services for their children, and may report low levels of parent self-efficacy. In an effort to identify the factors that contribute to the difficulties these families face, this study examined the role of demographic, systemic, and clinical need variables as they relate to parents' experience of self-efficacy. Participants included 324 parents of individuals with autism spectrum disorder, 12-25 years of age. Results suggest that parent self-efficacy is related to a number of variables and not simply a child's clinical situation, including child age, parent immigrant status, barriers to service access, and caregiver burden. Given the crucial role that parents often play in the lives of individuals with autism spectrum disorder across the lifespan, it is important that service providers support the efforts of parents who provide and access care for their children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yona Lunsky
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lake JK, Vogan V, Sawyer A, Weiss JA, Lunsky Y. Psychotropic medication use among adolescents and young adults with an autism spectrum disorder: parent views about medication use and healthcare services. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2015; 25:260-8. [PMID: 25803636 DOI: 10.1089/cap.2014.0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Psychotropic medications are frequently used to treat mental health and behavioral issues in adolescents and adults with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Although parents of individuals with ASD frequently take on medication management for their child, there is limited literature on parent perspectives of their child's medication use or their views about the healthcare services they receive, particularly in adulthood. The current study examined and compared parents of adolescents and of young adults with ASD regarding their child's psychotropic medication use and their views about healthcare services. METHODS One hundred parents of adolescents and young adults with ASD (ages 12-30 years) completed an online survey about their experience with their child's healthcare services and medication use. RESULTS Parents of young adults were less likely to use nonpharmacological services before using a psychotropic medication than were parents of adolescents. Parents of young adults were also less likely to believe that their prescribing healthcare provider had adequate expertise in ASD, and were less satisfied with how their prescriber monitored their child's medication use. CONCLUSION Findings highlight the need to build capacity among healthcare providers supporting individuals with ASD as they transition into adulthood. There is also a need for improved medication monitoring and increased awareness of the different mental health challenges that individuals with ASD encounter as they age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna K Lake
- 1 Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Dual Diagnosis Service , Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Nelson L, Moss J, Oliver C. A longitudinal follow-up study of affect in children and adults with Cornelia de Lange syndrome. AMERICAN JOURNAL ON INTELLECTUAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2014; 119:235-252. [PMID: 24871792 DOI: 10.1352/1944-7558-119.3.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Studies of individuals with Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) have described changes in mood and behavior with age, although no empirical or longitudinal studies have been conducted. Caregivers of individuals with CdLS (N = 67), cri du chat syndrome (CdCS; N = 42), and Fragile X syndrome (FXS; N = 142) completed the Mood, Interest and Pleasure Questionnaire (MIPQ) at Time 1 and 2 years later (Time 2). Scores on the MIPQ were significantly lower in the CdLS group compared with the CdCS and FXS groups at Time 1 and Time 2. Lower MIPQ scores were characteristic of older adolescents (> 15 years) and adults with CdLS. However, there were no significant differences in MIPQ scores between Time 1 and Time 2. Age and insistence on sameness predicted MIPQ scores in CdLS.
Collapse
|
24
|
Moss J, Howlin P, Hastings RP, Beaumont S, Griffith GM, Petty J, Tunnicliffe P, Yates R, Villa D, Oliver C. Social behavior and characteristics of autism spectrum disorder in Angelman, Cornelia de Lange, and Cri du Chat syndromes. AMERICAN JOURNAL ON INTELLECTUAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2013; 118:262-283. [PMID: 23937369 DOI: 10.1352/1944-7558-118.4.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated autism spectrum disorder (ASD) characteristics and social behavior in Angelman (AS; n = 19; mean age = 10.35 years), Cornelia de Lange (CdLS; n = 15; mean age = 12.40 years), and Cri du Chat (CdCS, also known as 5 p-syndrome; n = 19; mean age = 8.80 years) syndromes. The proportion of individuals meeting the ASD cutoff on the Social Communication Questionnaire was significantly higher in the AS and CdLS groups than in the CdCS group (p < .01). The groups demonstrated divergent social behavior profiles during social conditions in which adult availability, adult familiarity, and social demand were manipulated. Social enjoyment was significantly heightened in AS, whereas social approaches were heightened in individuals with CdCS. Social motivation, social communication, and enjoyment were significantly lower in CdLS. The findings highlight the importance of detailed observation when evaluating ASD and social behavior in genetic syndromes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Moss
- Cerebra Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Moss J, Howlin P, Magiati I, Oliver C. Characteristics of autism spectrum disorder in Cornelia de Lange syndrome. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2012; 53:883-91. [PMID: 22490014 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02540.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptomatology is comparatively high in Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS). However, the profile and developmental trajectories of these ASD characteristics are potentially different to those observed in individuals with idiopathic ASD. In this study we examine the ASD profile in CdLS in comparison to a matched group of individuals with ASD. METHOD The Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) was administered to 20 individuals with CdLS (mean age = 11.34; range = 6-13 years) and 20 individuals with idiopathic ASD (mean age = 10.42; range = 8-11 years). Participants were matched according to adaptive behaviour and receptive language skills. RESULTS Sixty-five percent (N = 13) of individuals with CdLS met the cut-off score for autism on the total ADOS score. Further analysis at domain and item level indicated that individuals with CdLS showed significantly less repetitive behaviour, (specifically sensory interests); more eye contact, more gestures and less stereotyped speech than the ASD group. The CdLS group also showed higher levels of anxiety. CONCLUSIONS The comparison between CdLS and idiopathic ASD indicates subtle group differences in the profile of ASD symptomatology that are not accounted for by degree of intellectual disability or receptive language skills. These differences may not be evident when relying solely upon clinical and domain level scores, but may be distinguishing features of the ASD presentations in the two disorders. The findings have implications for the conceptualisation and assessment of ASD in individuals with genetic syndromes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jo Moss
- Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Moss J, Richards C, Nelson L, Oliver C. Prevalence of autism spectrum disorder symptomatology and related behavioural characteristics in individuals with Down syndrome. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2012; 17:390-404. [DOI: 10.1177/1362361312442790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the proportion of individuals with Down syndrome (DS: N = 108) who met criteria for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) on the Social Communication Questionnaire and the severity of ASD-related symptomatology in this group. The proportions of individuals with DS meeting the cut-off for ASD and autism in this sample were 19% and 8%, respectively. We then evaluated the behavioural profile of individuals with DS who scored above cut-off for ASD (DS+ASD; N = 17) compared with those with DS-only (N = 17) and individuals with idiopathic ASD (N = 17), matched for adaptive behaviour skills and ASD symptom severity (ASD group only). Individuals in the DS+ASD and ASD-only groups showed more stereotyped behaviour, repetitive language, overactivity and self-injury than the DS-only group (p < .001). Individuals in the DS+ASD and DS-only groups appeared less withdrawn from their surroundings than those with ASD (p < .004). These findings indicate differences in the behavioural and cognitive profile of individuals with DS+ASD compared with those with DS-only, when controlling for adaptive behaviour skills. Individuals with DS+ASD show broad similarities with individuals with idiopathic ASD with regard to ASD and behavioural characteristics but may also show some areas of subtle difference from this group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jo Moss
- Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK and Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Caroline Richards
- Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Lisa Nelson
- Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Chris Oliver
- Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Richards C, Oliver C, Nelson L, Moss J. Self-injurious behaviour in individuals with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2012; 56:476-89. [PMID: 22404122 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2012.01537.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been identified as a risk marker for self-injurious behaviour. In this study we aimed to describe the prevalence, topography and correlates of self-injury in individuals with ASD in contrast to individuals with Fragile X and Down syndromes and examine person characteristics associated with self-injury across and within these groups. METHOD Carers of individuals with ASD (n = 149; mean age = 9.98, SD = 4.86), Fragile X syndrome (n = 123; mean age = 15.32, SD = 8.74) and Down syndrome (n = 49; mean age = 15.84, SD = 12.59) completed questionnaires relating to the presence and topography of self-injury. Information was also gathered regarding demographic characteristics, affect, autistic behaviour, hyperactivity, impulsivity and repetitive behaviour. RESULTS Self-injurious behaviour was displayed by 50% of the ASD sample: a significantly higher prevalence than in the Down syndrome group (18.4%) but broadly similar to the prevalence in Fragile X syndrome (54.5%). Self-injury was associated with significantly higher levels of autistic behaviour within the Down and Fragile X syndrome groups. Within the ASD group, the presence of self-injury was associated with significantly higher levels of impulsivity and hyperactivity, negative affect and significantly lower levels of ability and speech. CONCLUSIONS Self-injurious behaviour is prevalent in individuals with ASD and the presence of ASD phenomenology increases the risk of self-injury in individuals with known genetic disorders but without a diagnosis of idiopathic autism. Person characteristics associated with self-injury in ASD indicate a role for impaired behavioural inhibition, low levels of ability and negative affect in the development of self-injurious behaviour.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Richards
- Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Oliver C, Berg K, Moss J, Arron K, Burbidge C. Delineation of behavioral phenotypes in genetic syndromes: characteristics of autism spectrum disorder, affect and hyperactivity. J Autism Dev Disord 2011; 41:1019-32. [PMID: 21080217 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-010-1125-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
We investigated autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptomatology, hyperactivity and affect in seven genetic syndromes; Angelman (AS; n = 104), Cri du Chat (CdCS; 58), Cornelia de Lange (CdLS; 101), Fragile X (FXS; 191), Prader-Willi (PWS; 189), Smith-Magenis (SMS; 42) and Lowe (LS; 56) syndromes (age range 4-51). ASD symptomatology was heightened in CdLS and FXS. High levels of impulsivity were seen in SMS, AS, CdCS, FXS and adults with CdLS. Negative affect was prominent in adults with CdLS, while positive affect was prominent in adults with AS and FXS. Heightened levels of overactivity and impulsivity were identified in FXS, AS and SMS while low levels were identified in PWS. These findings confirm and extend previously reported behavioral phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chris Oliver
- Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Oosterling I, Rommelse N, de Jonge M, van der Gaag RJ, Swinkels S, Roos S, Visser J, Buitelaar J. How useful is the Social Communication Questionnaire in toddlers at risk of autism spectrum disorder? J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2010; 51:1260-8. [PMID: 20626528 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02246.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ) is a screening instrument with established validity against the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) in children aged 4 years and older. Indices of diagnostic accuracy have been shown to be strong in school-aged samples; however, relatively little is known about the performance of the SCQ in toddlers at risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). METHODS This study replicates and extends previous research by Corsello et al. (2007) in a comparatively large (N = 208), substantially younger (20-40 months) sample of children at high risk of ASD. The usefulness of the SCQ as a second-level screening instrument with different cut-off scores was evaluated in relation to IQ, age, and type of ASD diagnosis. The use of the SCQ as compared to the ADI-R was evaluated against clinical diagnosis, both alone and in combination with the ADOS. RESULTS The SCQ with different cut-offs consistently showed an unsatisfactory balance between sensitivity and specificity in screening for ASD in high-risk toddlers, with only a few exceptions for specific age, IQ, or diagnostic groups. Even though the SCQ and ADI-R were highly correlated, diagnostic agreement with the best evidence clinical diagnosis was poor for both measures. The ADOS used alone consistently had the highest predictive value. For autism versus not-autism, the combined SCQ and ADOS performed as well as the ADOS alone and notably better than the combination ADI-R and ADOS. CONCLUSIONS The SCQ is likely to result in a number of false-positive findings, particularly in children with autism symptomatology, and the balance between sensitivity and specificity is poor. The ADOS should be considered the most valid and reliable diagnostic instrument in these very young at-risk children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iris Oosterling
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre, Reinier Postlaan 12, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Nadon G, Feldman DE, Dunn W, Gisel E. Mealtime problems in children with autism spectrum disorder and their typically developing siblings: a comparison study. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2010; 15:98-113. [PMID: 20484003 DOI: 10.1177/1362361309348943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Many children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have mealtime problems. Diagnosis and the social environment may influence eating behaviours. We examined whether children with ASD have more mealtime problems than their typically developing siblings, and whether age and sex are associated with mealtime problems. Forty-eight families participated in this cross sectional study by completing a questionnaire (Eating Profile) for their child with ASD, 3 to 12 years of age. A second Eating Profile was completed for the sibling nearest in age without ASD. Children with ASD had a mean of 13.3 eating problems, with lack of food variety predominating. Siblings had 5.0 problems. Children with ASD had more eating problems as infants. Older children tended to have fewer problems than younger children. This study points to the importance of screening for mealtime problems. Children with ASD had significantly more mealtime problems than their sibling living in the same social environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geneviève Nadon
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Mulligan A, Richardson T, Anney RJL, Gill M. The Social Communication Questionnaire in a sample of the general population of school-going children. Ir J Med Sci 2008; 178:193-9. [PMID: 18651205 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-008-0184-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2007] [Accepted: 06/26/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The social communication questionnaire (SCQ) for autistic spectrum disorder was previously validated in clinical populations. AIMS To describe the distribution of SCQ-scores in the general child population, and identify if traits from all domains of autism are present. METHODS The SCQ was completed by parents of children attending a mixed-gender primary school of 240 children. RESULTS Total SCQ scores ranged from 1 to 20, with a mode 1 and corrected mean of 3.89, SD = 2.77. SCQ items corresponding to all three domains of autism were found in the sample. Some items on the SCQ were answered as "autism-positive" for up to 41.8% of children in the general population sample. CONCLUSIONS The SCQ has a wide range in the general population, with traits from all three domains of autism. Some items in the SCQ do not discriminate children with autism from other school-going children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Mulligan
- The Department of Psychiatry, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Witwer AN, Lecavalier L. Autism screening tools: an evaluation of the Social Communication Questionnaire and the Developmental Behaviour Checklist-Autism Screening Algorithm. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL & DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITY 2007; 32:179-87. [PMID: 17885895 DOI: 10.1080/13668250701604776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study is the first to evaluate the Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ) and the Developmental Behaviour Checklist-Autism Screening Algorithm (DBC-ASA) in the same sample of school-aged children with intellectual disability (ID) with and without Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDDs). METHOD Parents of 49 children (36 with PDDs and 13 with ID) completed a survey that included a demographic form, a measure of adaptive behaviour (the SIB-R), the SCQ, and the DBC-ASA. RESULTS According to established cut-offs, the SCQ's sensitivity was .92 and specificity was .62, and the DBC-ASA's sensitivity was .94 and specificity was .46. Six of the seven false positives on the DBC-ASA had DBC Total Problem Behaviour scores above the clinical cut-off. By contrast, all six true negatives had Total Problem Behaviour scores below the clinical cut-off. No such pattern was noted for the SCQ. CONCLUSION While both instruments have good psychometric properties, the results of this study suggest that clinicians and researchers should exercise caution when utilising the DBC-ASA to screen for PDDs in individuals with significant behaviour problems, as this could decrease its diagnostic validity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea N Witwer
- Department of Psychology & Nisonger Center, Ohio State University, OH 43210, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Corsello C, Hus V, Pickles A, Risi S, Cook EH, Leventhal BL, Lord C. Between a ROC and a hard place: decision making and making decisions about using the SCQ. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2007; 48:932-40. [PMID: 17714378 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01762.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ), formerly the Autism Screening Questionnaire (ASQ), is based on a well-validated parent interview, the Autism Diagnostic Interview (ADI). It has shown promise as a screening measure for autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) in a research-referred older sample, though recent studies with younger children reported lower sensitivities when using the suggested cutoff of > or = 15 to differentiate ASDs from children with nonspectrum disorders (NS). METHODS Diagnostic discrimination of the SCQ was evaluated alone and in combination with the ADOS (Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule) in a clinical and research-referred sample of 590 children and adolescents (2 to 16 years), with best estimate consensus diagnoses of autism, pervasive developmental disorder, not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS) and non-ASD disorders. The SCQ was completed before the evaluation in most cases. Performance of the SCQ was also compared with the Autism Diagnostic Interview - Revised (ADI-R). RESULTS Absolute scores and sensitivity in the younger children and specificity for all groups were lower than reported in the original study. Using receiver operating curves (ROC) to examine the area under the curve (AUC), the SCQ was more similar to the ADI-R total score in differentiating ASD from NS disorders in the older (8-10, >11) than younger age groups (<5, 5-7). Lowering the cutoff score in the 2 younger groups improved sensitivity, with specificity remaining relatively low in all groups. Using the SCQ in combination with the ADOS resulted in improved specificity. Diagnostic discrimination was best using the ADI-R and ADOS in combination. CONCLUSIONS Those interested in using the SCQ should consider adjusting cutoff scores according to age and purpose, and using it in combination with another measure. Sensitivity or specificity may be prioritized for research or screening depending on goals.
Collapse
|
34
|
Grant CM, Apperly I, Oliver C. Is Theory of Mind Understanding Impaired in Males with Fragile X Syndrome? JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2006; 35:17-28. [PMID: 17123170 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-006-9077-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2005] [Accepted: 10/19/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Males with fragile X syndrome (FXS) have difficulties with social interaction and many show autistic features. This study examined whether the social deficits characteristic of FXS are associated with theory of mind difficulties. Two groups of boys with FXS participated: a group with few autistic features and a group with many autistic features. An intellectual disability control group also participated. In addition to using standard theory of mind tasks, new techniques were used that were able to separate out the various processing demands of the task (e.g., memory, inhibitory control). Overall, the findings indicate that both groups of boys with FXS have difficulty with theory of mind tasks compared to an intellectual disability control group. However, both groups with FXS also performed worse on comparison trials that required working memory but not theory of mind. Theory of mind difficulties are likely to be an important aspect of the FXS clinical profile, but are most likely the result from a more basic difficulty with working memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cathy M Grant
- Paediatric Psychology, Child Development Centre, Windsor Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, LE1 5WW, United Kingdom
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review examines an eclectic selection of publications from the past 12 months under the broad heading of 'assessment in intellectual disability'. Being unable to cover all possible publications the authors have concentrated on the assessment of pain (in those with severe intellectual disability), psychopathology, risk assessment and offending, autism, preference and choice, and dementia. RECENT FINDINGS Research into assessment has generally taken the form of developing new instruments, or adapting existing ones, or comparing the performance of a range of scales in a certain area. Researchers are using increasingly sophisticated psychometric analyses and refining the nature and purpose of tools for a range of clinical purposes. SUMMARY The result of recent effort in this area is better instruments, often developed by experienced researchers who have been working in their chosen area of speciality for some years. It has been a very worthwhile period of extension and consolidation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Mohr
- Monash University Centre for Developmental Psychiatry and Psychology, Capital and Coast District Health Board, Porirua, Wellington, New Zealand.
| | | |
Collapse
|