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Shikako K, Lai J, Yoo PY, Teachman G, Majnemer A. Evidence-informed stakeholder consultations to promote rights-based approaches for children with disabilities. FRONTIERS IN REHABILITATION SCIENCES 2024; 5:1322191. [PMID: 38742042 PMCID: PMC11089101 DOI: 10.3389/fresc.2024.1322191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Purpose To strengthen the translation of evidence to actionable policy, stakeholder engagement is necessary to synthesize, prioritize and contextualize the academic research content into accessible language. In this manuscript we describe a multi-level evidence-based stakeholder consultation process and related outcomes proposed to promote awareness of and foster cross-sectorial collaborations towards human rights-based approaches for children with disabilities. Methods Mixed-methods participatory action research done in three steps: (1) A literature review of peer-reviewed evidence on rights-based approaches in childhood disabilities; (2) Consultation with researchers in diverse fields, grassroot organizations, caregivers, and youth with disabilities; (3) A constructive dialogue with decision makers at federal and provincial levels in Canada to discuss consultations results. Results Stakeholders value human rights approaches that can have a direct impact on practical aspects of their daily living. Organizations give high importance to adopting rights-based approaches to measure policy outcomes, while parents value service provision and youth emphasize accessibility. Conclusion The implementation of rights-based approaches in childhood disabilities can support policy, services, and daily lives of children with disabilities and the ecosystems around them. It can also guide research priorities, and create a common language to foster collaborations across sectors and interested parties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Shikako
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jonathan Lai
- Autism Alliance of Canada and Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (IHPME), Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Paul Y. Yoo
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gail Teachman
- School of Occupational Therapy, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Annette Majnemer
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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2
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Taffere GR, Abebe HT, Zerihun Z, Mallen C, Price HP, Mulugeta A. Systematic review of community engagement approach in research: describing partnership approaches, challenges and benefits. J Public Health (Oxf) 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-022-01799-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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3
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Bui TA, Pohl M, Rosenfelt C, Ogourtsova T, Yousef M, Whitlock K, Majnemer A, Nicholas D, Demmans Epp C, Zaiane O, Bolduc FV. Identifying Potential Gamification Elements for A New Chatbot for Families With Neurodevelopmental Disorders: User-Centered Design Approach. JMIR Hum Factors 2022; 9:e31991. [PMID: 35984679 PMCID: PMC9440405 DOI: 10.2196/31991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chatbots have been increasingly considered for applications in the health care field. However, it remains unclear how a chatbot can assist users with complex health needs, such as parents of children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) who need ongoing support. Often, this population must deal with complex and overwhelming health information, which can make parents less likely to use a software that may be very helpful. An approach to enhance user engagement is incorporating game elements in nongame contexts, known as gamification. Gamification needs to be tailored to users; however, there has been no previous assessment of gamification use in chatbots for NDDs. Objective We sought to examine how gamification elements are perceived and whether their implementation in chatbots will be well received among parents of children with NDDs. We have discussed some elements in detail as the initial step of the project. Methods We performed a narrative literature review of gamification elements, specifically those used in health and education. Among the elements identified in the literature, our health and social science experts in NDDs prioritized five elements for in-depth discussion: goal setting, customization, rewards, social networking, and unlockable content. We used a qualitative approach, which included focus groups and interviews with parents of children with NDDs (N=21), to assess the acceptability of the potential implementation of these elements in an NDD-focused chatbot. Parents were asked about their opinions on the 5 elements and to rate them. Video and audio recordings were transcribed and summarized for emerging themes, using deductive and inductive thematic approaches. Results From the responses obtained from 21 participants, we identified three main themes: parents of children with NDDs were familiar with and had positive experiences with gamification; a specific element (goal setting) was important to all parents, whereas others (customization, rewards, and unlockable content) received mixed opinions; and the social networking element received positive feedback, but concerns about information accuracy were raised. Conclusions We showed for the first time that parents of children with NDDs support gamification use in a chatbot for NDDs. Our study illustrates the need for a user-centered design in the medical domain and provides a foundation for researchers interested in developing chatbots for populations that are medically vulnerable. Future studies exploring wide range of gamification elements with large number of potential users are needed to understand the impact of gamification elements in enhancing knowledge mobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Truong An Bui
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Megan Pohl
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Cory Rosenfelt
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Tatiana Ogourtsova
- Feil & Oberfeld Research Centre of the Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital - Centre intégré de santé et de services sociaux de Laval (CISSS Laval), Centre for Interdisciplinary Research of Greater Montreal (CRIR), Laval, QC, Canada.,School of Physical & Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Mahdieh Yousef
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Kerri Whitlock
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Annette Majnemer
- School of Physical & Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - David Nicholas
- Central and Northern Alberta Region, Faculty of Social Work, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Carrie Demmans Epp
- EdTeKLA Research Group, Department of Computing Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Osmar Zaiane
- Department of Computing Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - François V Bolduc
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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4
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Zeidan J, Fombonne E, Scorah J, Ibrahim A, Durkin MS, Saxena S, Yusuf A, Shih A, Elsabbagh M. Global prevalence of autism: A systematic review update. Autism Res 2022; 15:778-790. [PMID: 35238171 PMCID: PMC9310578 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 510] [Impact Index Per Article: 255.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Prevalence estimates of autism are essential for informing public policy, raising awareness, and developing research priorities. Using a systematic review, we synthesized estimates of the prevalence of autism worldwide. We examined factors accounting for variability in estimates and critically reviewed evidence relevant for hypotheses about biological or social determinants (viz., biological sex, sociodemographic status, ethnicity/race, and nativity) potentially modifying prevalence estimates of autism. We performed the search in November 2021 within Medline for studies estimating autism prevalence, published since our last systematic review in 2012. Data were extracted by two independent researchers. Since 2012, 99 estimates from 71 studies were published indicating a global autism prevalence that ranges within and across regions, with a median prevalence of 100/10,000 (range: 1.09/10,000 to 436.0/10,000). The median male‐to‐female ratio was 4.2. The median percentage of autism cases with co‐occurring intellectual disability was 33.0%. Estimates varied, likely reflecting complex and dynamic interactions between patterns of community awareness, service capacity, help seeking, and sociodemographic factors. A limitation of this review is that synthesizing methodological features precludes a quality appraisal of studies. Our findings reveal an increase in measured autism prevalence globally, reflecting the combined effects of multiple factors including the increase in community awareness and public health response globally, progress in case identification and definition, and an increase in community capacity. Hypotheses linking factors that increase the likelihood of developing autism with variations in prevalence will require research with large, representative samples and comparable autism diagnostic criteria and case‐finding methods in diverse world regions over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinan Zeidan
- Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, McGill University Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Eric Fombonne
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Julie Scorah
- Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, McGill University Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Alaa Ibrahim
- Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, McGill University Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Maureen S Durkin
- Population Health Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Shekhar Saxena
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Afiqah Yusuf
- Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, McGill University Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Andy Shih
- Autism Speaks, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Mayada Elsabbagh
- Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, McGill University Montreal, Montreal, Canada
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Dirks LG, Wanda P. Technology to Support Collaborative Dissemination of Research with Alaska Native Communities. AMIA ... ANNUAL SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS. AMIA SYMPOSIUM 2022; 2021:398-407. [PMID: 35308978 PMCID: PMC8861747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Marginalized communities often mistrust research due to a history of unethical practice and limited community engagement. Research community engagement is expected with Indigenous communities, but few empirical studies have explored engagement in results dissemination, let alone using technology. Studies on using technology to disseminate results focus on health and research professional audiences. This paper discusses Alaska Native stakeholder values on technology to facilitate collaborative results dissemination. In this formative study, six participants engaged in participatory design activities on collaborative results dissemination. Sketches and interviews were analyzed deductively using a value-based codebook. Study findings highlight the importance of community context and transparency. Contextual awareness includes understanding local culture and power dynamics, acknowledging the diversity of cultural practices within Alaska Native groups. Transparency is tied to clear communication: encouraging active dialogue and providing alternatives to communicate research. Technology that supports such collaborative dissemination could increase trust and improve adoption of research-recommended actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa G Dirks
- University of Washington Information School, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Pratt Wanda
- University of Washington Information School, Seattle, WA, USA
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6
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Kearns C, Eathorne A, Semprini A, Braithwaite I, Beasley R. Public engagement with clinical research on social media; which visual medium works best? A 5-year retrospective analysis. J Vis Commun Med 2021; 44:157-165. [PMID: 34433357 DOI: 10.1080/17453054.2021.1950525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
'Public engagement' describes a collaborative relationship between scientists and the public we serve. This has the potential to improve clinical research and is encouraged by key research funding bodies, however the objective evidence base for effective approaches remains limited. Social media algorithms determine what content users see and are known to weight post media differently. While visual content is understood to improve reach and engagement broadly, less is known about which kinds of visuals are most effective for engaging people with clinical research. We present a five year retrospective analysis of public engagement with Facebook posts made by an independent medical research institute, classified by their visual media content. Inclusion of visual post media was associated with positive effects on both reach and engagement. We present medium and strong evidence that this effect was most pronounced for comics compared to other visual media types. This data evidences objective value of using comics and other visual media for public engagement with clinical research. The metrics evaluated are easily accessible on many social media platforms meaning this approach could readily be applied by other researchers to measure the impact of their public engagement efforts, and inform science communication strategies and resource allocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciléin Kearns
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand.,Capital and Coast District Health Board, Wellington, New Zealand.,Artibiotics, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Allie Eathorne
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Alex Semprini
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand.,Capital and Coast District Health Board, Wellington, New Zealand.,Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Irene Braithwaite
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand.,Capital and Coast District Health Board, Wellington, New Zealand.,Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Richard Beasley
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand.,Capital and Coast District Health Board, Wellington, New Zealand.,Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
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7
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Fletcher TS, Wiskera ES, Wilbur LH, Garcia NM. The sensory totes programme: sensory-friendly autism program innovations designed to meet COVID-19 challenges. WORLD FEDERATION OF OCCUPATIONAL THERAPISTS BULLETIN 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/14473828.2021.1943868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tina Sue Fletcher
- School of Occupational Therapy, Texas Woman’s University, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Natalie M. Garcia
- School of Occupational Therapy, Texas Woman’s University, Dallas, TX, USA
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8
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Kearns C, Kearns N, Braithwaite I, Shortt N, Eathorne A, Semprini A, Beasley R. Using comics and curiosity to drive pandemic research on a national scale. J Vis Commun Med 2020; 44:12-22. [PMID: 33207981 DOI: 10.1080/17453054.2020.1823206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
An independent online Public Health survey regarding the COVID-19 pandemic was conducted during an Alert Level 4 lockdown, the highest possible, in New Zealand. An illustrated and curiosity-driven public engagement campaign was designed to advertise survey participation, and performance compared with a standard approach using randomised controlled A/B Split tests. The 'Caretoon' approach featured comic illustrations, appealed to goodwill and was intended to pique curiosity. This linked to an illustrated version of the survey which, upon completion, gave a personalised comic summary showing how respondent's answers compared with national averages. The standard ad and survey were not illustrated with comics, and did not provide a personalised comic summary on completion. Both approaches were cost- and time-effective, together resulting in 18,788 responses over six days. The Caretoon approach outperformed the standard approach in terms of the number of people reached, engaged, survey link clicks, gender and ethnic diversity amongst respondents, and cost-effectiveness of advertising. This came at the expense of a small reduction in the proportion of completed surveys and male respondents. The research evidences objective value of public engagement activity, comics and curiosity as tools which can support Public Health research on a national scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciléin Kearns
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand.,Capital and Coast District Health Board, Wellington, New Zealand.,Artibiotics, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Nethmi Kearns
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand.,Capital and Coast District Health Board, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Irene Braithwaite
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand.,Capital and Coast District Health Board, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Nick Shortt
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Allie Eathorne
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Alex Semprini
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand.,Capital and Coast District Health Board, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Richard Beasley
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand.,Capital and Coast District Health Board, Wellington, New Zealand.,School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
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9
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Jacobs D, Steyaert J, Dierickx K, Hens K. Parents' multi-layered expectations when requesting an Autism Spectrum Disorder assessment of their young child: an in-depth interview study. BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:440. [PMID: 32912176 PMCID: PMC7488345 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02806-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parents are valued stakeholders in research, clinical practice and policy development concerning autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, little is known about what drives and moves parents besides their obvious worries and help request when they ask for a diagnostic ASD assessment of their child. METHODS Seventeen Flemish parents of 11 young children participated in a longitudinal study consisting of three in-depth interviews before and after their child's diagnostic ASD assessment. Data were analysed in Nvivo 11 according to the procedures of Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. RESULTS In this paper we report the results of the first series of interviews which were conducted after parents had asked for an ASD assessment of their young child, and before this assessment started. The pre-assessment experiences of the parents were dominated by the anticipation of various implications of an ASD diagnosis, comprising both positive and negative expectations. The theme of positive expectations consisted of two equally prominent subthemes: treatment-related implications but also expectations pertaining to their psychological and relational experiences. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests important issues for clinicians to bear in mind during a consultation with parents who request an ASD assessment of their young child. We argue that attending to and communicating about parents' expectations prior to their child's ASD assessment may help clinicians to better understand parents' requests for help, and to address their needs more effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Jacobs
- Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Biomedical Ethics and Law - KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 35 box 7001, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Jean Steyaert
- grid.410569.f0000 0004 0626 3338Centre for Autism Expertise, Child and Youth Psychiatry – University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kris Dierickx
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Biomedical Ethics and Law – KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 35 box 7001, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kristien Hens
- grid.5284.b0000 0001 0790 3681Department of Philosophy, Faculty of Arts, University of Antwerp, Prinsstraat 13, 2000 Antwerpen, Belgium
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Yusuf A, Peltekova I, Savion‐Lemieux T, Frei J, Joober R, Howe J, Scherer SW, Elsabbagh M. Adaptation and validation of the Genetic Counseling Outcome Scale for autism spectrum disorders and related conditions. J Genet Couns 2020; 30:305-318. [PMID: 32893416 PMCID: PMC7891368 DOI: 10.1002/jgc4.1323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The genetics care pathway experienced by families affected by autism spectrum disorder (ASD) around the time of diagnosis is currently uncharacterized and potentially variable across contexts. The lack of consensus on outcome measures to capture the impact of genetic services for these families shows a gap in understanding and optimizing this genetics care pathway. The Genetic Counseling Outcome Scale (GCOS‐24) is a validated outcome measure of clinical genetics services. The current study aims to adapt and validate the GCOS‐24 as an outcome measure in the context routine genetic testing in ASD and related conditions. Families seen for their child’s developmental evaluation for ASD and related conditions were invited to participate in a genomics cohort between 2016 and 2018. Families (n = 111) completed the mGCOS‐24 (modified GCOS‐24), adapted from the original GCOS‐24 by clinicians working in the target population’s routine care pathway. The mGCOS‐24 has acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.84) and high test–retest reliability (ICC = 0.88). It also inversely correlates with stress as measured by Perceived Stress Scale (PSS‐10) and distress, as measured by the Distress Thermometer, rs ≥ 0.39, ps < 0.001. The mGCOS‐24 had adequate readability, as supported by cognitive interviews completed by a sub‐sample of five mothers of a child with ASD. Together, our findings show that the mGCOS‐24 has good validity for the target population. Preliminary characterization of the genetics care pathway in this population revealed remarkable variability in pre‐test counseling and limited post‐test counseling. The use of the mGCOS‐24 as an outcome measure is useful in filling some of these gaps by offering a way to assess, and in the future, optimize the genetics care pathway for families affected by autism and related neurodevelopmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afiqah Yusuf
- Azrieli Centre for Autism Research, Montreal Neurological Institute‐HospitalMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada
- Research‐Institute of the McGill University Health CentreMontrealQCCanada
| | - Iskra Peltekova
- Azrieli Centre for Autism Research, Montreal Neurological Institute‐HospitalMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada
- Research‐Institute of the McGill University Health CentreMontrealQCCanada
| | - Tal Savion‐Lemieux
- Research‐Institute of the McGill University Health CentreMontrealQCCanada
| | - Jennifer Frei
- Research‐Institute of the McGill University Health CentreMontrealQCCanada
| | - Ridha Joober
- Department of PsychiatryMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada
- Douglas Mental Health University InstituteMontrealQCCanada
| | - Jennifer Howe
- The Centre for Applied GenomicsHospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoONCanada
| | - Stephen W. Scherer
- The Centre for Applied GenomicsHospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoONCanada
- McLaughlin Centre and Department of Molecular GeneticsUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Mayada Elsabbagh
- Azrieli Centre for Autism Research, Montreal Neurological Institute‐HospitalMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada
- Research‐Institute of the McGill University Health CentreMontrealQCCanada
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11
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Clark M, Adams D. Listening to parents to understand their priorities for autism research. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237376. [PMID: 32790720 PMCID: PMC7425861 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Involving the autism community in research increases the real-world translation and impact of findings. The current study explored the research priorities of parents of school-aged children on the autism spectrum across the home, school, and community settings. A combination of content analysis of an online questionnaire (n = 134) and Q-sort methodology (n = 9) was used. The most commonly identified research priorities in the online questionnaire were child health and well-being (home setting), socialisation and social support (school), and community awareness and understanding of autism (community). The Q-sort method highlighted different top priorities, with understanding the parent, sibling, child and family impact and stress the highest ranked priority for home, teacher/staff education and support for the school, and recognizing and supporting anxiety for the community. The implications of the findings are discussed in relation to shifting the framework of autism research to align research agendas with parental priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Clark
- Autism Centre of Excellence, School of Education and Professional Studies, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
- Griffith Institute for Educational Research, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Dawn Adams
- Autism Centre of Excellence, School of Education and Professional Studies, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
- Griffith Institute for Educational Research, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
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12
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Lee JD, Meadan H. Parent-Mediated Interventions for Children with ASD in Low-Resource Settings: a Scoping Review. REVIEW JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40489-020-00218-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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13
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Making Autism Research Inclusive by Attending to Intersectionality: a Review of the Research Ethics Literature. REVIEW JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40489-020-00204-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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14
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Khayatzadeh-Mahani A, Wittevrongel K, Petermann L, Graham ID, Zwicker JD. Stakeholders' engagement in co-producing policy-relevant knowledge to facilitate employment for persons with developmental disabilities. Health Res Policy Syst 2020; 18:39. [PMID: 32303228 PMCID: PMC7164207 DOI: 10.1186/s12961-020-00548-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Persons with developmental disabilities (PWDD) face a number of individual, environmental and societal barriers when seeking employment. Integrated knowledge translation (IKT) involves ongoing and dynamic interactions between researchers and stakeholders for the purpose of engaging in mutually beneficial research to address these types of multi-faceted barriers. There is a knowledge gap in the IKT literature on effective stakeholder engagement strategies outside of the dissemination stage to inform policy. In this paper, we report on a number of engagement strategies employed over a 2-year period to engage a wide range of stakeholders in different stages of an IKT project that aimed to investigate the ‘wicked’ problem of employment for PWDD. Method Our engagement plan included multiple linked strategies and was designed to ensure the meaningful engagement of, and knowledge co-production with, stakeholders. We held two participatory consensus-building stakeholder policy dialogue events to co-produce knowledge utilising the nominal group technique and the modified Delphi technique. A total of 31 and 49 stakeholders engaged in the first and second events, respectively, from six key stakeholder groups. Focused engagement strategies were employed to build on the stakeholder dialogues for knowledge mobilisation and included a focus group attended only by PWDD, a stakeholder workshop attended only by policy/decision-makers, a webinar attended by human resources professionals and employers, and a current affairs panel attended by the general public. Results Our findings suggest that the level of engagement for each stakeholder group varies depending on the goal and need of the project. Our stakeholder dialogue findings highlight the inherent challenges in co-framing and knowledge co-production through the meaningful engagement of multiple stakeholders who hold different ideas and interests. Focused outreach is needed to foster relationships and trust for meaningful engagement. Conclusions In addition to providing guidance on how to implement adaptable meaningful engagement strategies, these findings contribute to discussions on how IKT projects are planned and funded. More studies to explore effective mechanisms for engaging a wide range of stakeholders in IKT research are needed. More evidence of successful engagement strategies employed by researchers to achieve meaningful knowledge co-production is also key to advancing the discipline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Khayatzadeh-Mahani
- School of Public Policy, University of Calgary, Downtown Campus, 906 8th Avenue S.W., 5th Floor, Calgary, Alberta, T2P 1H9, Canada.,Health Services Management Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Krystle Wittevrongel
- School of Public Policy, University of Calgary, Downtown Campus, 906 8th Avenue S.W., 5th Floor, Calgary, Alberta, T2P 1H9, Canada
| | - Lisa Petermann
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Calgary, Canada
| | - Ian D Graham
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer D Zwicker
- School of Public Policy, University of Calgary, Downtown Campus, 906 8th Avenue S.W., 5th Floor, Calgary, Alberta, T2P 1H9, Canada.
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15
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Gonzalez M, Phoenix M, Saxena S, Cardoso R, Canac-Marquis M, Hales L, Putterman C, Shikako-Thomas K. Strategies used to engage hard-to-reach populations in childhood disability research: a scoping review. Disabil Rehabil 2020; 43:2815-2827. [DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2020.1717649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Gonzalez
- Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Michelle Phoenix
- School of Rehabilitation Science and CanChild, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Shikha Saxena
- Department of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Roberta Cardoso
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Michelle Canac-Marquis
- Centre for Innovative Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada
| | - Lindsay Hales
- McConnell Resource Centre, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada
| | - Connie Putterman
- CHILDBRIGHT Knowledge Translation Committee, CHILD-BRIGHT Network, Montréal, Canada
- Canada-Israel Autism Research Initiative, Toronto, Canada
| | - Keiko Shikako-Thomas
- Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- Canada Research Chair in Childhood Disability: Participation and Knowledge Translation, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
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Zeidan J, Shikako-Thomas K, Ehsan A, Maioni A, Elsabbagh M. Progress and gaps in Quebec's autism policy: a comprehensive review and thematic analysis. Canadian Journal of Public Health 2019; 110:485-496. [PMID: 31016679 DOI: 10.17269/s41997-019-00202-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Consistent with a national and global trend, prevalence estimates of autism have risen steadily in Quebec, causing concerns regarding quality and availability of diagnostic and intervention services as well as policies guiding service delivery and their efficacy. We conducted an analysis of Quebec's autism policies to determine recent advances, challenges and gaps in the planning and delivery of provincial autism services. METHODS We identify autism policy priorities in Quebec through a comprehensive review and a thematic analysis of past and present policies, consider their compliance with national and international human rights and health frameworks and identify policy gaps. RESULTS Autism policies articulated at a provincial level in Quebec are comprehensive, well grounded in international and national frameworks and considerate of existing barriers in the systems. Quebec policies reflect long-standing recognition of many barriers affecting service utilization and quality. Root cause of challenges currently confronting the policy environment in Quebec includes limitations in: specific measures to enhance a person-centred approach across the lifespan, evaluation of economic costs associated with autism, utilization of research evidence, and enactment of policies. CONCLUSION Early intervention services, building capacity in existing resources through training programs, and integrating research through research translation initiatives can help the Québec government improve the quality and efficacy of services while reducing long-term costs to the systems and promoting quality of life for individuals with autism and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinan Zeidan
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Keiko Shikako-Thomas
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Annahita Ehsan
- Institut des Sciences Sociales, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Antonia Maioni
- Department of Political Science, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Mayada Elsabbagh
- Department of Psychiatry, Montreal Neurological Institute at McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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Howard KB, Katsos N, Gibson JL. The school experiences of bilingual children on the autism spectrum: An interpretative phenomenological analysis. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2019; 87:9-20. [PMID: 30703680 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With growing numbers of bilingual children on the autism spectrum in UK classrooms, the interaction between autism and bilingualism is becoming a pressing issue for practitioners, researchers and families. In this study, we report the school experiences of bilingual, autistic children in the UK through their own voice with focus on five aspects of their school life. METHOD Using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) as a methodological framework, semi-structured, computer-assisted interviews were conducted with 11 children aged 7 to 14 from across England and Wales. Interviews were carried out in English and took place in mainstream schools or the children's home, depending on their preference. RESULTS Results indicate that, while children's school experiences vary widely, there were commonalities in this population's identity formation, including being bilingual, and their classroom experiences. Most notably, children educated in more multilingual environments (i.e. in schools with larger multilingual populations) expressed more positive views about multilingualism than those in more monolingual settings. In line with previous studies, limited social circles and classroom anxiety were present in participants' school experiences. IMPLICATIONS The findings of this paper suggest that giving autistic children from bilingual backgrounds opportunities to explore their linguistic identities in the classroom may enhance their experiences of school. Further research should focus on parents' and practitioners' attitudes and perspectives towards the support available for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie B Howard
- Theoretical and Applied Linguistics, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Napoleon Katsos
- Theoretical and Applied Linguistics, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jenny L Gibson
- Faculty of Education, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Tesfaye R, Courchesne V, Yusuf A, Savion-Lemieux T, Singh I, Shikako-Thomas K, Mirenda P, Waddell C, Smith IM, Nicholas D, Szatmari P, Bennett T, Duku E, Georgiades S, Kerns C, Vaillancourt T, Zaidman-Zait A, Zwaigenbaum L, Elsabbagh M. Assuming ability of youth with autism: Synthesis of methods capturing the first-person perspectives of children and youth with disabilities. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2019; 23:1882-1896. [PMID: 30915852 PMCID: PMC6779014 DOI: 10.1177/1362361319831487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Most research regarding youth with autism spectrum disorder has not focused on their first-person perspectives providing limited insight into methodologies best suited to eliciting their voices. We conducted a synthesis of methods previously used to obtain the first-person perspectives of youth with various disabilities, which may be applicable to youth with autism spectrum disorder. Two-hundred and eighty-four articles met the inclusion criteria of our scoping review. We identified six distinct primary methods (questionnaires, interviews, group discussion, narratives, diaries, and art) expressed through four communication output modalities (language, sign language and gestures, writing, and images). A group of parents who have children with autism spectrum disorder were then presented with a synthesis of results. This parent consultation was used to build on approaches identified in the literature. Parents identified barriers that may be encountered during participant engagement and provided insights on how best to conduct first-person research with youth with autism spectrum disorder. Based on our findings, we present a novel methodological framework to capture the perspectives of youth with various communication and cognitive abilities, while highlighting family, youth, and expert contributions.
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Implications of an Autism Spectrum Disorder Diagnosis: An Interview Study of How Physicians Experience the Diagnosis in a Young Child. J Clin Med 2018; 7:jcm7100348. [PMID: 30322100 PMCID: PMC6213203 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7100348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinicians are significant translators and interpreters towards parents of the abundant literature on autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, how clinicians experience and view ASD and an ASD diagnosis is not well known. Sixteen physicians working with young children with a (presumed) diagnosis of ASD participated in a semi-structured interview. They described their professional view on ASD and an ASD diagnosis, and how they experienced its use in their clinical practice. Interpretative phenomenological analysis of the data revealed two main topics about physicians’ experiences: how they view ASD and an ASD diagnosis, and how they experience the implications of an ASD diagnosis. The latter topic comprised three themes: (1) the ASD diagnosis leads to a particular treatment trajectory and services; (2) ambivalence about how the ASD diagnosis impacts parents and child; and (3) psycho-relational functions of the ASD diagnosis. Physicians feel that some doubts and questions are inevitable when dealing clinically with ASD and an ASD diagnosis. They also perceive that there are certain risks associated with assigning the categorical ASD diagnosis to a young child. Altogether however, ASD is perceived by physicians as a useful and valuable diagnosis both because of treatment related consequences and of several psycho-relational implications.
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20
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Shikako-Thomas K, Shevell M. Promoting the Human Rights of Children With Neurologic Conditions. Semin Pediatr Neurol 2018; 27:53-61. [PMID: 30293590 DOI: 10.1016/j.spen.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Children with neurologic conditions benefit from international conventions, and national treaties, policies and regulations that safeguard their human rights. These regulations also exist to serve as guidance in the creation of comprehensive systems of care, inclusive environments, accessible societies and communities that allow these children to thrive and to achieve the best of their capacities. This narrative review of issues related to human rights and advocacy in pediatric neurologic disabilities will provide an overview of the human rights conventions that relate to children with disabilities, and the most current approaches implicating health care providers in rights promotion for these individuals and their families. We also suggest venues for professionals to advocate for their patients, and suggest strategies to consider rights-based approaches as a mean to provide holistic care in a social neurology framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Shikako-Thomas
- *Participation and Knowledge Translation in Childhood Disability Lab, School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; ((†))Department of Pediatrics, Montreal Children's Hospital, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehablitation (CRIR), Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Meaghan Shevell
- *Participation and Knowledge Translation in Childhood Disability Lab, School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Thompson-Hodgetts S, Magill-Evans J. Sensory-Based Approaches in Intervention for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Influences on Occupational Therapists' Recommendations and Perceived Benefits. Am J Occup Ther 2018; 72:7203205020p1-7203205020p8. [PMID: 29689171 DOI: 10.5014/ajot.2018.024729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated factors that influenced occupational therapists' beliefs about and use of sensory-based approaches for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). METHOD Occupational therapists working with children with ASD (N = 211 from 16 countries) completed an online survey addressing their work experience, training, use of sensory-based approaches, and beliefs and perceptions about the effects of the approaches. Linear regression was used to determine predictors of use of and beliefs about sensory-based approaches. RESULTS Most respondents (98%) used sensory-based approaches for children with ASD and would recommend the approaches for 57% of the children they treated. Having a mentor who promoted sensory-based approaches and practicing outside North America and Australia predicted greater use and perceived effectiveness of these approaches. Less than 5 yr of occupational therapy experience predicted less use of the approaches. CONCLUSION Respondents selectively used sensory-based approaches for children with ASD and were influenced by country of residence, clinical experience, and mentorship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Thompson-Hodgetts
- Sandra Thompson-Hodgetts, PhD, OT, is Assistant Professor, Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada;
| | - Joyce Magill-Evans
- Joyce Magill-Evans, PhD, OT, is Professor Emerita, Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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22
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Dillard DA, Caindec K, Dirks LG, Hiratsuka VY. Challenges in Engaging and Disseminating Health Research Results Among Alaska Native and American Indian People in Southcentral Alaska. AMERICAN INDIAN AND ALASKA NATIVE MENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2018; 25:3-18. [PMID: 29671854 PMCID: PMC6342264 DOI: 10.5820/aian.2501.2018.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Alaska Native and American Indian (AN/AI) people have negative research experiences, including lack of timely, respectful, and relevant communication about research findings. Southcentral Foundation (SCF), a tribally owned and operated health care organization in Alaska, has redesigned the health care system, enacted research policies, and established a research department which uses best practices of Community Engaged Research with AN/AI people. Department staff and community members, however, perceive significant limitations in the reach of and satisfaction with ongoing engagement and dissemination efforts. Background information is delineated which supports new approaches in research engagement using SCF as an example.
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Germani T, Zwaigenbaum L, Magill-Evans J, Hodgetts S, Ball G. Stakeholders' perspectives on social participation in preschool children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Dev Neurorehabil 2017; 20:475-482. [PMID: 27538030 DOI: 10.1080/17518423.2016.1214188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine (a) the essential components of social participation for preschool children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) using stakeholders' perspectives and (b) the facilitators and barriers experienced in promoting social participation. METHODS A mixed-methods, web-based survey utilizing the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health - Child and Youth version (ICF-CY) taxonomy was circulated across Canada through purposeful snowball sampling. RESULTS Frequency analysis of the combined responses of 74 stakeholders revealed the most essential components of social participation were: (a) behavior management, (b) social interactions, and (c) various types of play. Further, content analysis revealed that stakeholders used intrinsic motivation strategies and contingency management to facilitate social participation. CONCLUSION Stakeholders reported that the purpose of social participation was to engage the child in fun, enjoyable social activities that developed relationships between the child and peers and created a sense of belonging in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Germani
- a Autism Research Centre , Alberta Health Services, Glenrose Rehabilitation Hospital , Edmonton , Canada.,b Department of Pediatrics , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Canada
| | - Lonnie Zwaigenbaum
- a Autism Research Centre , Alberta Health Services, Glenrose Rehabilitation Hospital , Edmonton , Canada.,b Department of Pediatrics , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Canada
| | - Joyce Magill-Evans
- c Department of Occupational Therapy , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Canada
| | - Sandy Hodgetts
- c Department of Occupational Therapy , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Canada
| | - Geoff Ball
- b Department of Pediatrics , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Canada.,d Pediatric Centre for Weight and Health , Stollery Children's Hospital, Alberta Health Services , Edmonton , Canada
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Hume K, Dykstra Steinbrenner J, Sideris J, Smith L, Kucharczyk S, Szidon K. Multi-informant assessment of transition-related skills and skill importance in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2017; 22:40-50. [PMID: 29020804 DOI: 10.1177/1362361317722029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Adolescents with autism spectrum disorder have limited participation in the transition planning process, despite the link between active participation and an improvement in postsecondary education and employment outcomes. The Secondary School Success Checklist was designed to support transition planning for adolescents with autism spectrum disorder by incorporating their own assessments of strengths, skill deficits, and prioritization for instruction along with those of their parents and teachers across multiple skill domains. Findings from more than 500 adolescents with autism spectrum disorder across the United States indicate discrepancies between adolescent, teacher, and parent ratings of skills highlighting the importance of the inclusion of multiple perspectives in transition planning. Although ratings varied, agreement between adolescents with autism spectrum disorder, parents, and teachers across the highest and lowest rated skills suggests the need to broaden the focus on critical transition skills to include problem-solving, planning for life after high school, and self-advocacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara Hume
- 1 The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
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Hedges SH, Odom SL, Hume K, Sam A. Technology use as a support tool by secondary students with autism. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2017; 22:70-79. [PMID: 28936882 DOI: 10.1177/1362361317717976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine how secondary students with autism spectrum disorder use technology in supportive ways. In this self-report survey study, 472 adolescents with autism spectrum disorder enrolled in high school described the forms of technology they use and purposes for which they use it. Students reported the benefits as well as barriers to technology use at school. They reported using technology in school and home settings in a variety of supportive ways such as increasing their independence, reducing their anxiety, and increasing their social opportunities. Findings suggest that practitioners may benefit from learning how to integrate technology as an instructional and support tool for their students with autism spectrum disorder. Recommendations for future research are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kara Hume
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Ann Sam
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
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Nicholas DB, Hodgetts S, Zwaigenbaum L, Smith LE, Shattuck P, Parr JR, Conlon O, Germani T, Mitchell W, Sacrey L, Stothers ME. Research needs and priorities for transition and employment in autism: Considerations reflected in a “Special Interest Group” at the International Meeting for Autism Research. Autism Res 2016; 10:15-24. [DOI: 10.1002/aur.1683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David B. Nicholas
- Faculty of Social Work; University of Calgary, Calgary; Alberta Canada
| | - Sandra Hodgetts
- Department of Occupational Therapy; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Lonnie Zwaigenbaum
- Department of Pediatrics; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Leann E. Smith
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison Wisconsin
| | - Paul Shattuck
- Dornsife School of Public Health; Drexel University; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Jeremy R. Parr
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - Olivia Conlon
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Tamara Germani
- Department of Pediatrics; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | | | - Lori Sacrey
- Department of Pediatrics; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Margot E. Stothers
- Graduate Program in Health and Rehabilitation Sciences; Western University; London Ontario Canada
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Waxegård G, Thulesius H. Integrating care for neurodevelopmental disorders by unpacking control: A grounded theory study. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2016; 11:31987. [PMID: 27609793 PMCID: PMC5016529 DOI: 10.3402/qhw.v11.31987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To establish integrated healthcare pathways for patients with neurodevelopmental disorders (ND) such as autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder is challenging. This study sets out to investigate the main concerns for healthcare professionals when integrating ND care pathways and how they resolve these concerns. METHODS Using classic grounded theory (Glaser), we analysed efforts to improve and integrate an ND care pathway for children and youth in a Swedish region over a period of 6 years. Data from 42 individual interviews with a range of ND professionals, nine group interviews with healthcare teams, participant observation, a 2-day dialogue conference, focus group meetings, regional media coverage, and reports from other Swedish regional ND projects were analysed. RESULTS The main concern for participants was to deal with overwhelming ND complexity by unpacking control, which is control over strategies to define patients' status and needs. Unpacking control is key to the professionals' strivings to expand constructive life space for patients, to squeeze health care to reach available care goals, to promote professional ideologies, and to uphold workplace integrity. Control-seeking behaviour in relation to ND unpacking is ubiquitous and complicates integration of ND care pathways. CONCLUSIONS The Unpacking control theory expands central aspects of professions theory and may help to improve ND care development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustaf Waxegård
- Department of Psychology, Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden;
| | - Hans Thulesius
- Research Unit, Region of Kronoberg, Department of Clinical Sciences, Family Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Fletcher-Watson S, Apicella F, Auyeung B, Beranova S, Bonnet-Brilhault F, Canal-Bedia R, Charman T, Chericoni N, Conceição IC, Davies K, Farroni T, Gomot M, Jones E, Kaale A, Kapica K, Kawa R, Kylliäinen A, Larsen K, Lefort-Besnard J, Malvy J, Manso de Dios S, Markovska-Simoska S, Millo I, Miranda N, Pasco G, Pisula E, Raleva M, Rogé B, Salomone E, Schjolberg S, Tomalski P, Vicente AM, Yirmiya N. Attitudes of the autism community to early autism research. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2016; 21:61-74. [DOI: 10.1177/1362361315626577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Investigation into the earliest signs of autism in infants has become a significant sub-field of autism research. This work invokes specific ethical concerns such as use of ‘at-risk’ language, communicating study findings to parents and the future perspective of enrolled infants when they reach adulthood. This study aimed to ground this research field in an understanding of the perspectives of members of the autism community. Following focus groups to identify topics, an online survey was distributed to autistic adults, parents of children with autism and practitioners in health and education settings across 11 European countries. Survey respondents (n = 2317) were positively disposed towards early autism research, and there was significant overlap in their priorities for the field and preferred language to describe infant research participants. However, there were also differences including overall less favourable endorsement of early autism research by autistic adults relative to other groups and a dislike of the phrase ‘at-risk’ to describe infant participants, in all groups except healthcare practitioners. The findings overall indicate that the autism community in Europe is supportive of early autism research. Researchers should endeavour to maintain this by continuing to take community perspectives into account.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Inês C Conceição
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Portugal
| | | | | | - Marie Gomot
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Natercia Miranda
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Portugal
| | | | | | | | - Bernadette Rogé
- Université Jean Jaurès Toulouse, Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), France
| | | | | | | | - Astrid M Vicente
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Portugal
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Yusuf A, Elsabbagh M. At the cross-roads of participatory research and biomarker discovery in autism: the need for empirical data. BMC Med Ethics 2015; 16:88. [PMID: 26669759 PMCID: PMC4681135 DOI: 10.1186/s12910-015-0082-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying biomarkers for autism can improve outcomes for those affected by autism. Engaging the diverse stakeholders in the research process using community-based participatory research (CBPR) can accelerate biomarker discovery into clinical applications. However, there are limited examples of stakeholder involvement in autism research, possibly due to conceptual and practical concerns. We evaluate the applicability of CBPR principles to biomarker discovery in autism and critically review empirical studies adopting these principles. METHODS Using a scoping review methodology, we identified and evaluated seven studies using CBPR principles in biomarker discovery. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The limited number of studies in biomarker discovery adopting CBPR principles coupled with their methodological limitations suggests that such applications are feasible but challenging. These studies illustrate three CBPR themes: community assessment, setting global priorities, and collaboration in research design. We propose that further research using participatory principles would be useful in accelerating the pace of discovery and the development of clinically meaningful biomarkers. For this goal to be successful we advocate for increased attention to previously identified conceptual and methodological challenges to participatory approaches in health research, including improving scientific rigor and developing long-term partnerships among stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afiqah Yusuf
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Ludmer Research & Training Building, 1033 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A1, Canada.
| | - Mayada Elsabbagh
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Ludmer Research & Training Building, 1033 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A1, Canada.
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Bottema-Beutel K, Mullins TS, Harvey MN, Gustafson JR, Carter EW. Avoiding the “brick wall of awkward”: Perspectives of youth with autism spectrum disorder on social-focused intervention practices. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2015; 20:196-206. [DOI: 10.1177/1362361315574888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Many youth with autism spectrum disorder participate in school-based, peer-mediated intervention programs designed to improve their social experiences. However, there is little research discerning how these youth view intervention practices currently represented in the literature, information which could improve the social validity of intervention programming. In this mixed-methods study, we interviewed 33 youth with autism spectrum disorder about seven social-focused, peer-mediated intervention components. We asked participants to rate the favorability of each component to determine their degree of liking. Subsequently, we asked participants to give a rationale for their rating, in order to explore influencing factors. Chi-square tests indicated that high ratings were most prevalent for recruiting peers and family involvement and medium ratings were most prevalent for meeting with peers. Analyses of variance also indicated that preferences in the specific format intervention components were delivered. Several themes emerged from our qualitative analysis of open-ended responses, including the ramifications of adults in adolescent social life, the advantages of learning through shared activities with peers, and the effects of disclosing disability status. Our findings will offer guidance for researchers and practitioners interested in individualizing interventions to reflect student preferences. Furthermore, we document areas of concern for youth with autism spectrum disorder as they access school-based interventions.
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Goldschmidt J, Song HJ. At-risk and underserved: a proposed role for nutrition in the adult trajectory of autism. J Acad Nutr Diet 2015; 115:1041-7. [PMID: 25840938 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2015.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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