1
|
Sun D, Zhang X, Li J, Liu M, Zhang L, Zhang J, Cui M. Mediating effect of cognitive appraisal and coping on anticipatory grief in family caregivers of patients with cancer: a Bayesian structural equation model study. BMC Nurs 2024; 23:636. [PMID: 39256739 PMCID: PMC11388905 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-024-02291-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anticipatory grief is common among family caregivers of cancer patients and may be related to caregiver burden, family resilience, psychological capital, cognitive appraisal, and coping strategies. The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating role of cognitive appraisal and coping strategies in the relationship between caregiver burden, family resilience, psychological capital, and anticipatory grief among caregivers of cancer patients. METHODS This study surveyed from January to September 2023 among 265 caregivers of lung and breast cancer patients in two public hospitals. They completed measures of caregiver burden, family resilience, psychological capital, cognitive appraisal, coping, and anticipatory grief. AMOS software was used to model the data with Bayesian structural equation modeling. RESULTS Bayesian structural equation modeling results showed that caregiver burden had a direct effect on anticipatory grief. The chain mediating effects for cognitive appraisal tendency and coping tendency between caregiver burden, family resilience, psychological capital, and anticipatory grief, respectively. Coping tendency acted as a mediator between psychological capital and anticipatory grief. CONCLUSIONS The relationships between caregiver burden, family resilience, and psychological capital with anticipatory grief are embedded in the mediating effects of cognitive appraisal and coping. Early identification and intervention for caregiver burden, family resilience, psychological capital, cognitive appraisal, and coping methods may prevent anticipatory grief in caregivers of cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Sun
- School of Nursing, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.79, Chongshan East Road, Shenyang, 110033, Liaoning, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- School of Nursing, Peking University, No.38, Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jiaojiao Li
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, No.44, Xiaoheyan Road, Shenyang, 110042, Liaoning, China
| | - Meishuo Liu
- Department of Nursing, China-Japan, Union Hospital of Jilin University, No. 126, Sendai Street, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- School of Nursing, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.79, Chongshan East Road, Shenyang, 110033, Liaoning, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Interventional, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No.36, Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Mengyao Cui
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155, Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wangliu Y, Chen JK. The mediating role of coping strategies between caregiving burden and pre-death grief among Chinese adult-child caregivers of dementia patients. J Adv Nurs 2024; 80:3679-3691. [PMID: 38380758 DOI: 10.1111/jan.16118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
AIMS The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between caregiving burden and pre-death grief, with a specific focus on adult-child caregivers in mainland China. Additionally, the study explored whether coping strategies played a mediating role in this correlation. METHODS A convenience sample of 320 adult-child caregivers of older parents with dementia from Kunming, mainland China, was recruited for the study. Data were collected using the Chinese version of the Marwit-Meuser Caregiver Grief Inventory-Short Form, the Burden Scale for Family Caregivers, and the Ways of Coping Checklist-Revised. RESULTS Results using linear regression and multiple mediation analysis with Hayes' process model indicated that caregiving burden was positively related to pre-death grief and that active coping mediated the relationship between them. In the female group, active coping partially mediated the association between caregiving burden and pre-death grief, but in the male group, this mediating effect did not exist. CONCLUSION The study found evidence supporting the link between caregiving burden and pre-death grief among adult-child caregivers of older parents with dementia in mainland China. Furthermore, the caregiving burden prevented the use of active coping, and this decrease in coping increased the perception of pre-death grief. These associations only existed in the female group. IMPLICATIONS This paper presented the importance of active coping skills in the dementia caregiving process. IMPACT The findings of this study emphasize the necessity for health practitioners to provide targeted interventions regarding pre-death grief among dementia caregivers and strengthen caregivers' active coping strategies to reduce their pre-death grief. Community-based and personal care support services should be promoted to alleviate their caregiving burden. REPORTING METHOD We have adhered to the transparent reporting of evaluations with quantitative design statements and the corresponding checklist was followed. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: 'No patient or public involvement'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiqi Wangliu
- Department of Social Work, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Ji-Kang Chen
- Department of Social Work, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Duangjina T, Hershberger PE, Gruss V, Fritschi C. Resilience in family caregivers of Asian older people with dementia: An integrative review. J Adv Nurs 2024. [PMID: 38863175 DOI: 10.1111/jan.16272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
AIM To identify factors associated with resilience in family caregivers of Asian older people with dementia based on Luthar and Cicchetti's definition of resilience. DESIGN Integrative review of resilience in family caregivers of Asian older people with dementia reported by studies with quantitative and qualitative research designs. DATA SOURCES Databases used for the literature search included CINAHL, PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO and Google Scholar. REVIEW METHODS A total of 565 potentially relevant studies published between January 1985 and March 2024 were screened, and 27 articles met the inclusion criteria. RESULTS Family caregivers were most commonly adult children of care recipients, female and providing care in their home. Two themes emerged from the review: factors associated with adversity (dementia severity, caregiver role strain, stigma, family stress, female gender, low income and low education) and factors associated with positive adaptational outcomes (positive aspect of caregiving, social support and religiosity/spirituality). CONCLUSION In our review of Asian research, four new factors-caregiver role strain, stigma, family stress and positive aspects of caregiving-emerged alongside those previously identified in Western studies. A paradigm shift was observed from a focus on factors associated with adversity to factors associated with positive adaptational outcomes, particularly after the issuance of the WHO's 2017 global action plan for dementia. However, a gap remains between WHO policy recommendations and actual research, with studies often neglecting to address gender and socioeconomic factors. IMPACT The review findings will broaden healthcare providers' understanding of resilience in dementia caregivers and use them to develop comprehensive programmes aimed at reducing factors associated with adversity and enhancing those associated with positive adaptational outcomes. This approach can be customized to incorporate Asian cultural values, empowering caregivers to navigate challenges more effectively. NO PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION This paper is an integrative review and does not include patient or public contributions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thitinan Duangjina
- Faculty of Nursing, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Biobehavioral Nursing, College of Nursing, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Patricia E Hershberger
- Department of Health Behavior and Biological Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Valerie Gruss
- Department of Biobehavioral Nursing, College of Nursing, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Cynthia Fritschi
- Department of Biobehavioral Nursing, College of Nursing, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shi Y, Dong S, Liang Z, Xie M, Zhang H, Li S, Li J. Affiliate Stigma among family caregivers of individuals with dementia in China: a cross-sectional study. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1366143. [PMID: 38873291 PMCID: PMC11169882 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1366143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Affiliate stigma experienced by family caregivers of individuals with dementia may seriously affect home care and prognosis of these patients. This study aimed to explore the levels of perceived affiliate stigma and its influencing factors among family caregivers of patients with dementia in mainland China, which remains a relatively unexplored topic. Methods In this cross-sectional study, purposive sampling was used to recruit dementia family caregivers from an online communication group between April and May 2022. A total of 727 eligible caregivers were included and asked to complete the demographic questionnaire, the affiliate stigma scale, and the caregiver burden inventory. Descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression were used to explore the factors that influence perceived affiliate stigma among dementia family caregivers. Results The mean score for affiliate stigma of dementia family caregivers was 48.09 ± 16.38 (range: 22-86). Whether there were regular breaks during patient care, time-dependent burden, developmental burden, physical burden, and social burden were significant factors influencing the affiliate stigma of dementia family caregivers. Conclusion Dementia family caregivers showed a moderate to high level of affiliate stigma. Those who had regular breaks during patient care, higher time-dependent burden, developmental burden, and physical burden and lower social burden exhibited higher levels of affiliate stigma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Shi
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shishi Dong
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhiqi Liang
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengting Xie
- Department of Neurology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hanyi Zhang
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sixie Li
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jufang Li
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Qi W, Deng J, Guo W, Chen F, Liu X, Zhang Y, Cui J. Spiritual Coping in Family Caregivers of Patients With Advanced Cancer: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Pain Symptom Manage 2024; 67:e177-e184. [PMID: 38016507 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2023.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Family caregivers face significant challenges when providing care to individuals with advanced cancer. Spiritual coping strategies may support caregivers in addressing these challenges. OBJECTIVES We evaluated spiritual coping levels among Chinese family caregivers of patients with advanced cancer and explored associated factors. METHODS This cross-sectional study recruited 358 family caregivers of patients with advanced cancer. The Spiritual Coping Scale was used to evaluate spiritual coping levels, while various scales, including the Caregiver Reaction Assessment Scale, General Self-Efficacy Scale-Schwarzer, and Perceived Social Support Scale, were used to identify influencing factors. T-tests and analysis of variance were used for group comparisons. Pearson's correlation and multivariate linear regression were used to analyze the associated factors. RESULTS Chinese family caregivers of patients with advanced cancer had moderate spiritual coping levels. Differences in spiritual coping levels were observed in sex, religion, and the presence or absence of anxiety and depression (p < 0.05). Women and caregivers who identified as religious had higher levels, while those with anxiety or depression had lower levels. Spiritual coping was positively correlated with self-efficacy and spiritual health (p < 0.01). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that religion, anxiety, depression, self-efficacy, and spiritual health were statistically significant associated factors for spiritual coping scores, explaining 43.3% of the variance in scores (F = 53.769, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The spiritual coping of Chinese family caregivers should be considered by health care providers, who should focus on alleviating their anxiety and depression while improving self-efficacy and spiritual health, especially among nonreligious caregivers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Qi
- School of Nursing, Naval Medical University (W.Q., J.D., W.G., X.L., J.C.), Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajia Deng
- School of Nursing, Naval Medical University (W.Q., J.D., W.G., X.L., J.C.), Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Guo
- School of Nursing, Naval Medical University (W.Q., J.D., W.G., X.L., J.C.), Shanghai, China
| | - Fengyi Chen
- The Marine Corps Hospital of PLA (F.C.), Guangdong, China
| | - Xue Liu
- School of Nursing, Naval Medical University (W.Q., J.D., W.G., X.L., J.C.), Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army (Y.Z.), Gansu, China
| | - Jing Cui
- School of Nursing, Naval Medical University (W.Q., J.D., W.G., X.L., J.C.), Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Siette J, Meka A, Antoniades J. Breaking the barriers: overcoming dementia-related stigma in minority communities. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1278944. [PMID: 38179250 PMCID: PMC10765564 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1278944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Dementia is a global health concern that affects individuals irrespective of their cultural or linguistic backgrounds. However, research has long recognized the pronounced stigma associated with dementia, particularly within Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CALD) communities. This article seeks to summarize the underlying factors contributing to the heightened levels of dementia stigma within CALD communities, through a review of the literature. Our examination shows that cultural beliefs, language barriers, limited awareness, and the impact of migration on perceptions of aging and cognitive decline are contributing factors. Consequently, our analysis highlights the need for tailored, culturally appropriate interventions aimed at mitigating stigma and enhancing dementia care within CALD populations. Our proposed solutions, built on a social-ecological approach, highlights the critical role of collaborative efforts involving policymakers, healthcare providers, community organizations, and CALD community members in fostering a more dementia-inclusive society. This perspective piece aims to shed light on the distinct challenges faced by CALD communities, while advocating for a holistic approach to redefine perceptions and care strategies tailored to these populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Siette
- The MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- Australian Institute for Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia
| | - Anjani Meka
- Australian Institute for Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia
| | - Josefine Antoniades
- National Ageing Research Institute, Affiliate Global and Women’s Health, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Duangjina T, Fink AM, Gruss V. Resilience in Family Caregivers of Asian Older Adults With Dementia: A Concept Analysis. ANS Adv Nurs Sci 2023; 46:E145-E160. [PMID: 36728751 DOI: 10.1097/ans.0000000000000471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Asian family caregivers of older adults with dementia have stressful caregiving situations over long periods; they must become resilient to recover from adversity. A conceptual definition of resilience specific to Asian family caregivers is important for understanding their caregiving phenomena and the relationships with mental health and psychological well-being. The purpose of this concept analysis was to define resilience in family caregivers of Asian older adults with dementia using Walker and Avant's method. The findings of the analysis will guide future research about the modifiable factors that will prevent negative health outcomes in this population of caregivers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thitinan Duangjina
- Faculty of Nursing, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand (Ms Duangjina); and Biobehavioral Nursing Science Department, College of Nursing, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago (Ms Duangjina and Drs Fink and Gruss)
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nemcikova M, Katreniakova Z, Nagyova I. Social support, positive caregiving experience, and caregiver burden in informal caregivers of older adults with dementia. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1104250. [PMID: 36761127 PMCID: PMC9905841 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1104250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dementia is currently one of the major causes of disability and dependency among older adults worldwide. Cognitive dysfunction, neuropsychiatric symptoms, somatic complaints, and functional impairment fundamentally affect not only a person living with dementia (PLwD), but also his/her informal caregiver(s), often resulting in a high caregiver burden. A number of variables, including the caregiver's sociodemographic characteristics, the clinical characteristics of PLwD, social support, and the caregiver's personal resources determine the caregiver's burden. Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the associations of caregiver burden in informal caregivers of PLwD with perceived social support, positive caregiving experience, and applying therapeutic communication methods. Methods The data were collected from September 2021 to February 2022 among 115 "PLwD-informal caregiver" dyads in the community settings in Slovakia. Measures included the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI-12), the Oslo Social Support Scale (OSSS-3), the Positive Aspects of Caregiving Scale (PACS), and two questions on applying therapeutic communication methods-reminiscence and validation according to Naomi Feil. The Short IQCODE was used for assessing cognitive decline in PLwD. Pearson's and Spearman's correlations, t-tests, Chi-square, ANOVA, and linear multiple regression analyses were used to analyze the data (IBM SPSS 27). Results The mean age of informal caregivers was 54 ± 12.4 years (81.7% of women) and the mean caregiving duration was 4.8 ± 4.8 years. The mean age of PLwD was 80.5 ± 8.3 years (73.0% of women) and their Short IQCODE mean score was 4.1 ± 1.0. Lower caregiving burden was significantly associated with higher perceived social support (β = 0.33, p < 0.01), with higher positive caregiving experience (β = 0.33, p < 0.01), and higher caregiving intensity (β = 0.24, p < 0.05) among informal caregivers of PLwD. The associations between caregiver burden and applying two therapeutic communication methods were not significant. Conclusions Implementing psycho-social and educational public health interventions focused on strengthening social support and maintaining positive perceptions of caregiving can help reduce the increased risk of caregiver burden in informal caregivers of older adults with dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Nemcikova
- Department of Social and Behavioural Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, PJ Safarik University in Kosice, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Katreniakova
- Department of Social and Behavioural Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, PJ Safarik University in Kosice, Kosice, Slovakia
- Slovak Public Health Association - SAVEZ, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Iveta Nagyova
- Department of Social and Behavioural Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, PJ Safarik University in Kosice, Kosice, Slovakia
- Slovak Public Health Association - SAVEZ, Kosice, Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Analysis of family stigma and socioeconomic factors impact among caregivers of patients with early- and late-onset Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12663. [PMID: 35879380 PMCID: PMC9314345 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16400-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
To the best of our knowledge, there are no research studies about socioeconomic factors, family stigma, and their psychological impact on early-onset dementia caregivers. We assessed the impact of family stigma and socioeconomic factors on psychological outcomes, quality of life (QoL), and caregiver burden among 150 caregivers of patients with early-onset Alzheimer’s disease due to E280A mutation in presenilin 1 (EOAD), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD). Caregivers of patients with EOAD presented a higher frequency of socioeconomic risk factors. Caregivers of FTD presented higher levels of family stigma and a higher prevalence of negative outcomes. We found family stigma to be a more suitable predictor of all outcomes. After adjusting for the type of dementia, dementia stage and behavioral changes, and caregiver age and education, family stigma was the most important factor associated with a higher risk of caregiver burden and a reduction in QoL in terms of energy fatigue and emotional wellbeing among early-onset dementia caregivers.
Collapse
|
10
|
Kaewwilai L, Duggleby W, O'Rourke HM, Santos Salas A. Coping strategies and quality of life among Thai family carers of community-dwelling persons living with dementia: A cross-sectional study. J Adv Nurs 2022; 78:2785-2798. [PMID: 35150154 DOI: 10.1111/jan.15185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To examine the association between coping strategies and quality of life (QOL) among Thai family carers of persons living with dementia. DESIGN A descriptive correlational quantitative design. METHODS Data were collected between January 2021 and April 2021. A multi-pronged approach for recruitment was used. Participants completed measures assessing carer demographic characteristics, coping styles, QOL, perceived stress and perceived social support. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was used to determine the association between types of coping strategies used and QOL scores, adjusting for carer characteristics and carers' stress and social support. RESULTS There were 86 participants (mean age 52.84 years), and the majority were female (87.2%). After adjusting for covariates, hierarchical multiple regression revealed that only positive emotion-focused coping demonstrated a statistically significant association with total QOL scores. Problem-focused coping and negative emotion-focused coping were not significantly associated with total QOL scores of Thai family carers of persons living with dementia. CONCLUSION Positive emotion-focused coping was associated with improved QOL scores. This finding supports the use of positive emotion-focused coping in Thai family carers of persons living with dementia, which potentially could improve the QOL of this population. IMPACT It is essential to differentiate between positive and negative emotion-focused coping to generate valid estimates of the association between coping and QOL. Nurses should encourage carers to use positive emotion-focused coping strategies as these strategies were found to be helpful in enhancing carers' QOL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lalita Kaewwilai
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Public Health Nursing, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wendy Duggleby
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hannah M O'Rourke
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Anna Santos Salas
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Validation of the Brief RCOPE in Portuguese Family Caregivers of Adults with Health Conditions. RELIGIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/rel13020144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background: Coping is a multifactorial and individual process related to responding to stressful situations, such as being a caregiver of a relative with health conditions. Spiritual/religious coping is an important internal resource used by individuals enduring stressful situations. The 14-item Brief RCOPE is a widely used instrument but not available in European Portuguese. Objective: To translate, adapt and validate the 14-item Brief RCOPE in Portuguese caregivers of an adult relative with a health condition. Method: The methodological guideline provided by Sousa and Rojjanasrirat was used to examine the psychometric properties of the Brief RCOPE. Results: The linguistic and conceptual equivalence of the scale was determined. The internal consistency was acceptable (Cronbach’s α = 0.86). The Principal Axis Factor (PAF) analysis with varimax rotation identified two factors made up of 13 items, and one item was excluded from the scale. Conclusion: The European Portuguese version of the Brief RCOPE is a reliable and valid measure for assessing religious coping of family caregivers of adults with health conditions.
Collapse
|
12
|
Asgari Ghoncheh K, Liu CH, Lin CY, Saffari M, Griffiths MD, Pakpour AH. Fear of COVID-19 and religious coping mediate the associations between religiosity and distress among older adults. Health Promot Perspect 2021; 11:316-322. [PMID: 34660226 PMCID: PMC8501474 DOI: 10.34172/hpp.2021.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A mediation model was proposed to explain how religiosity, religious coping, and fear of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) explained anxiety and depression among older adults. Methods: With the use of a cross-sectional design, the Integrated Health System was used to randomly invite 1000 older adults residing in Qazvin to participate in an online survey. Within the period of November 2020 to January 2021, 696 older Iranian adults (mean age=69.56years; 57.9% women) agreed to participate in the study and reported demographic information as well as measures of religiosity, fear of COVID-19, religious coping, anxiety, and depression. Results: Religiosity had direct effects on depression (B [SE]=-0.087 [0.037]; P=0.023) but not anxiety (B [SE]=-0.063 [0.036]; P=0.072). Moreover, both fear of COVID-19 and religious coping significantly mediated the association between religiosity and anxiety (B [SE]=-0.360[0.035]; p=0.002) and that between religiosity and depression (B [SE]=-0.365 [0.034];P=0.002). Conclusion: During the tough time of COVID-19 pandemic, religiosity and religious coping were protectors for older adults in developing good mental. Therefore, future research is needed to examine education programs that are effective for older adults to obtain correct knowledge concerning COVID-19, including the protective COVID-19 infection behaviors. Therefore, older adults may reduce their fear via their enhanced correct knowledge concerning COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karim Asgari Ghoncheh
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.,Department of Islamic Studies, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Chieh-Hsiu Liu
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Research Center of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences and Departments of Occupational Therapy and Public Health, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Mohsen Saffari
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mark D Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Amir H Pakpour
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.,Department of Nursing, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
McGee JS, Myers DR, Meraz R, Davie M. Caring for a family member with early stage alzheimer’s disease: caregiver perceptions, connections, and relational dynamics with the sacred. JOURNAL OF RELIGION, SPIRITUALITY & AGING 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15528030.2021.1934771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
14
|
Jawahir S, Tan EH, Tan YR, Mohd Noh SN, Ab Rahim I. The impacts of caregiving intensity on informal caregivers in Malaysia: findings from a national survey. BMC Health Serv Res 2021; 21:391. [PMID: 33906646 PMCID: PMC8077883 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-021-06412-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Provision of informal care may adversely affect health, daily and social activities of the informal caregivers, but few studies have examined these effects in relation to caregiving intensity. This study examined the predictive factors associated with the effects of caregiving roles on health, daily and social activities of informal caregivers, accounting for caregiving intensity. METHODS Data of adults aged 18 years and over from the National Health and Morbidity Survey 2019 were used. Respondent's demographic, socioeconomic, health, and caregiving-related characteristics were described using complex samples analysis. Logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the factors affecting health, daily and social activities of caregivers, accounting for caregiving intensity. RESULTS Five point one percent of adults in Malaysia provided informal care. High intensity caregivers were more likely to be actively employed and provided longer duration of care compared with low intensity caregivers. For low intensity caregiving, females, those aged 35-59 years, and those with long-term condition were more likely to have negative effects on health. Daily activities of non-Malays were more likely to be affected, while no factor was found significantly associated with effect on social activities. For high intensity caregiving, caregivers aged 60 and over, those received training and those without assistance were more likely to have negative effects on health. Daily activities of those without assistance were more likely to be affected. Social activities of non-Malays, those received training and those providing care for 2 years or more were more likely to be affected. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that both low- and high-intensity caregivers have common features, with the exception of employment status and care duration. Caregiving, regardless of intensity, has a significant impact on caregivers. In order to reduce the negative consequences of caregiving responsibilities, all caregivers need assistance from the community and government, that is customised to their needs. By addressing the factors contributing to the negative effects of caregiving, a continuation of informal caregiving can be sustained through policies supporting the growing demand for informal care necessitated by an ageing population and higher life expectancy in Malaysia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suhana Jawahir
- Institute for Health Systems Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Blok B2, Kompleks NIH, No. 1, Jalan Setia Murni U13/52, Seksyen U13 Setia Alam, 40170, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Ee Hong Tan
- Institute for Health Systems Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Blok B2, Kompleks NIH, No. 1, Jalan Setia Murni U13/52, Seksyen U13 Setia Alam, 40170, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yeung R'ong Tan
- Institute for Health Systems Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Blok B2, Kompleks NIH, No. 1, Jalan Setia Murni U13/52, Seksyen U13 Setia Alam, 40170, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sarah Nurain Mohd Noh
- Institute for Health Systems Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Blok B2, Kompleks NIH, No. 1, Jalan Setia Murni U13/52, Seksyen U13 Setia Alam, 40170, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Iqbal Ab Rahim
- Institute for Health Systems Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Blok B2, Kompleks NIH, No. 1, Jalan Setia Murni U13/52, Seksyen U13 Setia Alam, 40170, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Alquwez N, Alshahrani AM. Influence of Spiritual Coping and Social Support on the Mental Health and Quality of Life of the Saudi Informal Caregivers of Patients with Stroke. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2021; 60:787-803. [PMID: 32889677 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-020-01081-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The research explored the influence of spiritual coping and social support on mental health and quality of life (QOL) of informal caregivers of stroke survivors in Saudi Arabia. The respondents were frequently using religious coping strategies than existential coping strategies. The respondents received higher support from significant others and lowest support from friends. The majority of the respondents had mild to moderate depression, while more than one-third had mild to severe anxiety. Psychological health received the highest QOL, while physical health received the poorest QOL. Spiritual coping and social support significantly influenced the informal caregivers' mental health and QOL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nahed Alquwez
- Nursing Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Dawadmi, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman M Alshahrani
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), College of Medicine, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abdala GA, Meira MDD, Rodrigo GT, Fróes MBDC, Ferreira MS, Abdala SA, Koenig HG. Religion, Age, Education, Lifestyle, and Health: Structural Equation Modeling. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2021; 60:517-528. [PMID: 32409988 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-020-01034-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the moderating effect of religion between sociodemographic variables, lifestyle, and self-referred physical and mental health. Cross-sectional study with non-randomized sample of 392 participants. The Eight Natural Remedies Questionnaire was used to assess lifestyle. Religion was found to be positive predictor between age, education and lifestyle, better physical and mental health. Being an Adventist positively influenced the lifestyle (r = 0.680; p < 0.05) and consequently physical (r = 0.222) and mental health (r = 0.220). Belonging to a religion that emphasizes a healthy lifestyle is a contributing factor toward better lifestyle, physical and mental health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gina Andrade Abdala
- Health Promotion, Centro Universitário Adventista de Sao Paulo, Estrada de Itapecerica 5859, Jardim IAE, PO Box: 05858-001, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Maria Dyrce Dias Meira
- Health Promotion, Centro Universitário Adventista de Sao Paulo, Estrada de Itapecerica 5859, Jardim IAE, PO Box: 05858-001, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tran TV, Nguyen HC, Pham LV, Nguyen MH, Nguyen HC, Ha TH, Phan DT, Dao HK, Nguyen PB, Trinh MV, Do TV, Nguyen HQ, Nguyen TTP, Nguyen NPT, Tran CQ, Tran KV, Duong TT, Pham HX, Nguyen LV, Vo TT, Do BN, Duong TH, Pham MK, Pham TTM, Nguyen KT, Yang SH, Chao JCJ, Duong TV. Impacts and interactions of COVID-19 response involvement, health-related behaviours, health literacy on anxiety, depression and health-related quality of life among healthcare workers: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e041394. [PMID: 33293320 PMCID: PMC7722826 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examined impacts and interactions of COVID-19 response involvement, health-related behaviours and health literacy (HL) on anxiety, depression, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among healthcare workers (HCWs). DESIGN A cross-sectional study was conducted. Data were collected 6 April to 19 April 2020 using online-based, self-administered questionnaires. SETTING 19 hospitals and health centres in Vietnam. PARTICIPANTS 7 124 HCWs aged 21-60 years. RESULTS The COVID-19 response-involved HCWs had higher anxiety likelihood (OR (95% CI)=4.41 (3.53 to 5.51)), higher depression likelihood (OR(95% CI)=3.31 (2.71 to 4.05)) and lower HRQoL score (coefficient, b(95% CI)=-2.14 (-2.89 to -1.38)), compared with uninvolved HCWs. Overall, HCWs who smoked or drank at unchanged/increased levels had higher likelihood of anxiety, depression and lower HRQoL scores; those with unchanged/healthier eating, unchanged/more physical activity and higher HL scores had lower likelihood of anxiety, depression and higher HRQoL scores. In comparison to uninvolved HCWs who smoked or drank at never/stopped/reduced levels, involved HCWs with unchanged/increased smoking or drinking had lower anxiety likelihood (OR(95% CI)=0.34 (0.14 to 0.83)) or (OR(95% CI)=0.26 (0.11 to 0.60)), and lower depression likelihood (OR(95% CI)=0.33 (0.15 to 0.74)) or (OR(95% CI)=0.24 (0.11 to 0.53)), respectively. In comparison with uninvolved HCWs who exercised at never/stopped/reduced levels, or with those in the lowest HL quartile, involved HCWs with unchanged/increased exercise or with one-quartile HL increment reported lower anxiety likelihood (OR(95% CI)=0.50 (0.31 to 0.81)) or (OR(95% CI)=0.57 (0.45 to 0.71)), lower depression likelihood (OR(95% CI)=0.40 (0.27 to 0.61)) or (OR(95% CI)=0.63 (0.52 to 0.76)), and higher HRQoL scores (b(95% CI)=2.08 (0.58 to 3.58)), or (b(95% CI)=1.10 (0.42 to 1.78)), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Physical activity and higher HL were found to protect against anxiety and depression and were associated with higher HRQoL. Unexpectedly, smoking and drinking were also found to be coping behaviours. It is important to have strategic approaches that protect HCWs' mental health and HRQoL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tien V Tran
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Vietnam Military Medical University, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
- Director Office, Military Hospital 103, Hanoi, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Hoang C Nguyen
- Director Office, Thai Nguyen National Hospital, Thai Nguyen, Viet Nam
- President Office, Thai Nguyen University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Nguyen, Viet Nam
| | - Linh V Pham
- Department of Pulmonary & Cardiovascular Diseases, Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital, Haiphong, Viet Nam
- Director Office, Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital, Haiphong, Viet Nam
| | - Minh H Nguyen
- International Ph.D. Program in Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huu Cong Nguyen
- Director Office, E Hospital, Hanoi, Hanoi, Viet Nam
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, E Hospital, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Tung H Ha
- Director Office, General Hospital of Agricultural, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Dung T Phan
- Nursing Office, Thien An Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Hanoi, Viet Nam
- Faculty of Nursing, Hanoi University of Business and Technology, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Hung K Dao
- Director Office, Bac Ninh Obstetrics and Pediatrics Hospital, Bac Ninh, UK
| | | | - Manh V Trinh
- Director Office, Quang Ninh General Hospital, Quang Ninh, Viet Nam
| | - Thinh V Do
- Director Office, Bai Chay Hospital, Quang Ninh, Viet Nam
| | - Hung Q Nguyen
- Director Office, Quang Ninh Obstetrics and Pediatrics Hospital, Quang Ninh, Viet Nam
| | - Thao T P Nguyen
- Health Management Training Institute, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Thua Thien Hue, Viet Nam
- Department of Health Economics, Corvinus University of Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nhan P T Nguyen
- General Planning Department, Danang Oncology Hospital, Danang, Viet Nam
| | - Cuong Q Tran
- Director Office, Thu Duc District Health Center, Ho Chi Minh, Viet Nam
- Faculty of Health, Mekong University, Vinh Long, Viet Nam
| | - Khanh V Tran
- Director Office, Hospital District 2, Ho Chi Minh, Viet Nam
| | - Trang T Duong
- Nursing Office, Tan Phu District Hospital, Ho Chi Minh, Viet Nam
| | - Hai X Pham
- Director Office, District 9 Health Center, Ho Chi Minh, Viet Nam
| | - Lam V Nguyen
- President Office, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho, Viet Nam
- Aesthetic Plastic Surgery & Skin Care Center, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital, Can Tho, Viet Nam
| | - Tam T Vo
- Director Office, Trieu Phong District Health Center, Quang Tri, Viet Nam
| | - Binh N Do
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Vietnam Military Medical University, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
- Division of Military Science, Military Hospital 103, Hanoi, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Thai H Duong
- Director Office, Thai Nguyen National Hospital, Thai Nguyen, Viet Nam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Thai Nguyen University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Nguyen, Viet Nam
| | - Minh Khue Pham
- Faculty of Public Health, Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Haiphong, Viet Nam
- President Office, Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Haiphong, Viet Nam
| | - Thu T M Pham
- Faculty of Public Health, Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Haiphong, Viet Nam
- School of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kien Trung Nguyen
- Department of Health Education, Faculty of Social Sciences, Behavior and Health Education, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Shwu-Huey Yang
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Research Center of Geriatric Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jane C J Chao
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tuyen Van Duong
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Werner P, AboJabel H. Who internalizes courtesy stigma and how? A study among Israeli Arab family caregivers of persons with dementia. Aging Ment Health 2020; 24:1153-1160. [PMID: 30836018 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2019.1584790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: The expected rise in the number of persons with dementia is accompanied by an increasing interest in understanding and reducing the stigmatic beliefs experienced by family caregivers of persons with the disease. While researchers have recently distinguished between family caregivers' perceptions of public stereotypes (i.e., courtesy stigma) and the internalization of these perceptions (i.e., affiliate stigma), no study has yet assessed the characteristics of dementia caregivers who internalize courtesy stigma and how they do so. The aim of this study was to examine the characteristics of family caregivers of persons with dementia who internalize courtesy stigma, and to investigate this internalization process.Method: Structured face-to-face interviews were conducted with 175 Israeli Arab family caregivers (87.4% female; 71.4% adult children; mean age = 54.28) for persons with Alzheimer's disease.Results: Overall, half of the participants reported experiencing affiliate stigma as a result of taking care of a relative with dementia. Regression analyses showed that lower educational level, increased courtesy stigma and lower levels of social support were the main predictors of affiliate stigma. Social support partially mediated the association between courtesy and affiliate stigma.Conclusion: Our findings provide important insights for the conceptual understanding and the development of interventions to reduce stigma among family caregivers of persons with dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Perla Werner
- Department of Community Mental Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Hanan AboJabel
- Department of Community Mental Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Giannouli V, Giannoulis K. Gazing at Medusa: Alzheimer's dementia through the lenses of spirituality and religion. Health Psychol Res 2020; 8:8833. [PMID: 32529092 PMCID: PMC7270639 DOI: 10.4081/hpr.2020.8833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Although religious and spiritual issues regarding Alzheimer’s Dementia (AD) were not thoroughly investigated in the past, this review presents the most recent findings that can provide some scientific evidence about the experience and clinical usage of religious and spiritual beliefs from the perspective of the diagnosed patient, the caregiver-family members, and the health professional. Majority of the papers reviewed (50 out of 51) identified a positive influence of religiousness and spirituality. Thus, this review examines through a detailed analysis the possible pathways of the influence of these perceptions in cognitive, emotional, and behavioral aspects of AD. Findings support the paramount importance of religion and spirituality in coping with the diagnosis of this specific type of dementia. Future experimental research should consider these observed benefits with caution and include them in everyday life.
Collapse
|
20
|
Saffari M, Lin CY, Koenig HG, O'Garo KGN, Broström A, Pakpour AH. A Persian version of the Affiliate Stigma Scale in caregivers of people with dementia. Health Promot Perspect 2019; 9:31-39. [PMID: 30788265 PMCID: PMC6377701 DOI: 10.15171/hpp.2019.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dementia is prevalent among older adults and frequently causes dependence on family caregivers. Caregivers may experience a form of stigmatization called affiliate stigma that negatively affects their mental health. The current study sought to establish the psychometric properties of a tool to measure affiliate stigma among Iranian caregivers. Methods: Overall, 541 caregivers of older people with dementia were included in this cross sectional study. Several measures were used to assess the psychometric properties of the Affiliate Stigma Scale (ASS) including the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Short Form 12 (SF-12), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). Convergent and discriminate validity were examined.Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were utilized to assess the factor structure of the Ass and a Rasch model was used to evaluate the measurement functioning of the scale. Results: Factor loadings ranged from 0.69 to 0.83 and test-retest reliability from 0.72 to 0.89.Item difficulty ranged widely from -0.66 to 0.89. No considerable differential item functioning (DIF) was found across gender. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the three cognitive,effective, and behavioral dimensions of the scale (comparative fit index [CFI]=0.931 to 0.995,root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA]=0.046 to 0.068). Internal consistency was acceptable (Cronbach’s α: 0.88 to 0.94). Significant and positive relationships were found between affiliate stigma and depression, anxiety, and care giving burden (β =0.35 to 0.46). Conclusion: The ASS is a psychometrically valid measure for assessing affiliate stigma in Iranian caregivers of people with dementia. Application of this tool among other caregivers, language sand cultures deserves further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Saffari
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Health Education Department, Faculty of Health, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Harold G Koenig
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Adjunct Professor, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Adjunct Professor, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Keisha-Gaye N O'Garo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Anders Broström
- Department of Nursing, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Amir H Pakpour
- Department of Nursing, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden.,Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| |
Collapse
|