1
|
Katagiri A, Yamada M, Sato H, Toyoda H, Niwa H, Kato T. Long-lasting adverse effects of short-term stress during the suckling-mastication transition period on masticatory function and intraoral sensation in rats. Odontology 2024; 112:906-916. [PMID: 38197987 PMCID: PMC11269417 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-023-00887-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Early-life stress affects brain development, eventually resulting in adverse behavioral and physical health consequences in adulthood. The present study assessed the hypothesis that short-term early-life stress during infancy before weaning, a period for the maturation of mastication and sleep, poses long-lasting adverse effects on masticatory function and intraoral sensations later in life.Rat pups were exposed to either maternal separation (MS) or intermittent hypoxia (IH-Infancy) for 6 h/day in the light/sleep phase from postnatal day (P)17 to P20 to generate "neglect" and "pediatric obstructive sleep apnea" models, respectively. The remaining rats were exposed to IH during P45-P48 (IH-Adult). Masticatory ability was evaluated based on the rats' ability to chew pellets and bite pasta throughout the growth period (P21-P70). Intraoral chemical and mechanical sensitivities were assessed using two-bottle preference drinking tests, and hind paw pain thresholds were measured in adulthood (after P60).No differences were found in body weight, grip force, and hind paw sensitivity in MS, IH-Infancy, and IH-Adult rats compared with naïve rats. Masticatory ability was lower in MS and IH-Infancy rats from P28 to P70 than in naïve rats. MS and IH-Infancy rats exhibited intraoral hypersensitivity to capsaicin and mechanical stimulations in adulthood. The IH-Adult rats did not display inferior masticatory ability or intraoral hypersensitivity.In conclusion, short-term early-life stress during the suckling-mastication transition period potentially causes a persistent decrease in masticatory ability and intraoral hypersensitivity in adulthood. The period is a "critical window" for the maturation of oral motor and sensory functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayano Katagiri
- Department of Oral Physiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Masaharu Yamada
- Department of Oral Physiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hajime Sato
- Division of Pharmacology, Meikai University School of Dentistry, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado-shi, Saitama, 350-0283, Japan
| | - Hiroki Toyoda
- Department of Oral Physiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Niwa
- Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takafumi Kato
- Department of Oral Physiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Midtsund AD, Henriksen L, Lukasse M, Valla L. Detecting and preventing child maltreatment in primary care and PHNs' role-a cross-sectional study. BMC PRIMARY CARE 2024; 25:218. [PMID: 38879472 PMCID: PMC11179210 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-024-02445-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Child maltreatment is a global problem that puts children at risk of mental illness, substance abuse, and premature death. Interdisciplinary collaboration is important in preventing and detecting child maltreatment. In Norway, children undergo universal preventive health assessments and receive complimentary follow-up care from specialized public health nurses in child and family health clinics. These nurses conduct regular check-ups and home visits to monitor children for signs of maltreatment. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to describe how public health nurses at child and family health clinics follow the National Clinical Guidelines to prevent and detect child maltreatment, with a particular focus on clinical procedures and interdisciplinary collaboration. Furthermore, we aim to determine factors that are associated with identification of child maltreatment. DESIGN A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among public health nurses working in primary care between October 24th and December 31st, 2022. Public health nurses who worked with children aged 0-5 years and had consultations with families were eligible to participate, resulting in 554 responses. The study employed descriptive analysis, including frequency, percentage and mean, as well as a two-step logistic regression analysis. The study was approved by the relevant authority, and informed consent was obtained through questionnaire completion. RESULTS The public health nurses in this study displayed strong adherence to the guidelines and utilized various comprehensive assessment procedures to monitor child well-being, growth, and development. However, there was limited and infrequent collaboration with other professionals, such as child protection services, general practitioners, and hospitals. Most public health nurses reported occasional suspicion of child maltreatment, with age and years of experience in child and family clinics influencing these suspicions. Older public health nurses were more likely to suspect physical violence, while those with less than two years of experience reported less experience in suspecting maltreatment. Additional education increased the probability of suspecting sexual violence. CONCLUSIONS This study provides insights into the practices of public health nurses in Norway regarding the detection and prevention of child maltreatment in child and family clinics. While adherence to guidelines is strong, suspicion of maltreatment is relatively rare. Collaboration across agencies is crucial in addressing child maltreatment. Age and experience may influence the detection of maltreatment. Improved collaboration, targeted guidelines, and ongoing professional development are needed to enhance child protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Durdei Midtsund
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway.
- Oslo Municipality, Grünerløkka Child and Family Health Clinic, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Lena Henriksen
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
- Division of General Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mirjam Lukasse
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Nursing and Social Sciences, Institute of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway, Kongsberg, Norway
| | - Lisbeth Valla
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
- Regional Centre for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Eastern and Southern Norway (RBUP), Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Vega S, Huang JS, Kuelbs CL, Rebbe R, Putnam-Hornstein E. A Longitudinal Study of Health Care Utilization Among Infants Investigated for Maltreatment. Acad Pediatr 2024; 24:87-91. [PMID: 37247840 DOI: 10.1016/j.acap.2023.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether maltreatment investigated during infancy affects high-acuity health care utilization patterns during early childhood. METHODS Retrospective case-control study based on linked data between child protection and hospital encounter records conducted to review health records of infants investigated for abuse and/or neglect. Cases and controls were followed longitudinally through the Rady Children's Hospital electronic health records for 4 years starting at the age of 1 year. RESULTS A total of 3692 children were investigated for maltreatment within the first year of life. When comparisons were made between children reported for maltreatment and matched controls, children with infancy maltreatment reports had significantly more high-acuity health care encounters than matched controls (average treatment effect = 1.53, 95% Confidence Interval 1.08-1.99, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Infants investigated for maltreatment have greater high-acuity health care utilization in early childhood. These findings highlight this population's need for well-defined medical homes to ensure appropriate health care. Further understanding of the underlying reasons for this increased health care burden will help inform these efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Vega
- Department of Pediatrics, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego (S Vega, JS Huang, and CL Kuelbs), Calif; University of California (S Vega, JS Huang, and CL Kuelbs), San Diego Medical Center.
| | - Jeannie S Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego (S Vega, JS Huang, and CL Kuelbs), Calif; University of California (S Vega, JS Huang, and CL Kuelbs), San Diego Medical Center
| | - Cynthia L Kuelbs
- Department of Pediatrics, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego (S Vega, JS Huang, and CL Kuelbs), Calif; University of California (S Vega, JS Huang, and CL Kuelbs), San Diego Medical Center
| | - Rebecca Rebbe
- School of Social Work (R Rebbe and E Putnam-Hornstein), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Emily Putnam-Hornstein
- School of Social Work (R Rebbe and E Putnam-Hornstein), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work (E Putnam-Hornstein), Children's Data Network, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yoon S, Calabrese JR, Yang J, Logan JAR, Maguire-Jack K, Min MO, Slesnick N, Browning CR, Hamby S. Association between longitudinal patterns of child maltreatment experiences and adolescent substance use. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 147:106533. [PMID: 37995464 PMCID: PMC10842709 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although there is a well-established link between child maltreatment and adolescent substance use, it remains unclear if and how longitudinal patterns of maltreatment experiences are associated with substance use in adolescence. OBJECTIVE The purpose of the study was to examine how distinct patterns of longitudinal maltreatment experiences are associated with adolescent substance use. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING The participants were 899 adolescents from the Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect (LONGSCAN). METHODS We conducted repeated measures latent class analysis (RMLCA) to identify patterns of physical abuse, sexual abuse, and neglect from birth to age 17 and their relations to tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use at age 18. RESULTS RMLCA identified three physical abuse classes (Stable low physical abuse; School age peak physical abuse; Physical abuse primarily in infancy/toddlerhood), two sexual abuse classes (Stable no/low sexual abuse; School age peak sexual abuse), and three neglect classes (High neglect in childhood; Neglect primarily in infancy/toddlerhood; Neglect primarily at school age). Adolescents in the school age peak physical abuse class showed greater alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana use, compared to other physical abuse classes. Similarly, adolescents in the school age peak sexual abuse class showed greater substance use than those in the stable no/low sexual abuse class. Lastly, adolescents in the neglect primarily in infancy/toddlerhood class showed significantly less substance use than those in the other two neglect classes. CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight the importance of early intervention and ongoing maltreatment prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan Yoon
- College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Social Welfare, College of Social Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | | | - Junyeong Yang
- Quantitative Research, Evaluation and Measurement, College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jessica A R Logan
- Department of Special Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Meeyoung O Min
- College of Social Work, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Natasha Slesnick
- Department of Human Sciences, College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Sherry Hamby
- Department of Psychology, The University of the South, Sewanee, TN, USA; Life Paths Research Center, Sewanee, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Berger E, O'Donohue K, Jeanes R, Alfrey L. Trauma-Informed Practice in Physical Activity Programs for Young People: A Systematic Review. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2023:15248380231218293. [PMID: 38153107 DOI: 10.1177/15248380231218293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity, sport, and physical education share many similar qualities with trauma-informed practice, including promoting relationships, inclusion, and physical and mental well-being. There is growing research and programs that incorporate trauma-informed practices into physical activity programs for young people. The aim of this systematic review was to explore current evidence-based, Trauma-Informed Physical Activity programs for young people. Four databases were searched using the Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses guidelines for systematic reviews. The search identified 19 studies that highlighted most Trauma-Informed Physical Activity programs reviewed resulted in positive social, emotional, behavioral, and academic outcomes for children and adolescents. However, further research and randomized control trials are required to understand the longitudinal outcomes of Trauma-Informed Physical Activity programs for children and adolescents. Program facilitators reported on the benefits of support and professional development opportunities for trauma awareness to administer Trauma-Informed Physical Activity programs with children and young people. Implications from this study emphasize the importance of the continued design, delivery, and research of Trauma-Informed Physical Activity programs for young people exposed to trauma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Berger
- Faculty of Education, School of Educational Psychology and Counselling, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, School of Rural Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Katelyn O'Donohue
- Faculty of Education, School of Educational Psychology and Counselling, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Ruth Jeanes
- Faculty of Education, School of Curriculum, Teaching, and Inclusive Education, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Laura Alfrey
- Faculty of Education, School of Curriculum, Teaching, and Inclusive Education, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chen HH, Wang IA, Hsieh TW, Tsay JH, Chen CY. Early predictors for maltreatment-related injuries in infancy and long-term mortality: a population-based study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2232. [PMID: 37957616 PMCID: PMC10641954 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17180-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Incidence, health consequences, and social burden associated with child maltreatment appeared to be borne disproportionately by very young children. We conducted a population-based data linkage study to explore child- and family-level factors that affect receiving different diagnoses of maltreatment injuries and investigate excessive mortality throughout toddlerhood. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study comprising 2.2 million infants born in 2004-2014 in Taiwan. Incident cases of child maltreatment were defined by hospitalization or emergency department visits for three heterogeneous diagnostic groups of maltreatment-related injuries (i.e., maltreatment syndrome, assaults, and undetermined causes) within 12 months after birth. The generalized linear model and landmark survival analyses were used to evaluate risk factors. RESULTS An estimated 2.9‰ of infants experienced at least one maltreatment-related injury, with a three-year mortality rate of 1.3%. Low birthweight was associated with increased risk of receiving the diagnosis of three maltreatment injuries, particularly maltreatment syndrome (adjusted Incidence Rate Ratio [aIRR] = 4.08, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.93-5.68). Socially advantaged family condition was inversely linked with receiving the diagnosis of maltreatment syndrome and assaults (e.g., high income: aIRR = 0.55 and 0.47), yet positively linked with undetermined cause (aIRR = 2.05, 95% CI: 1.89-2.23). For infants exposed to maltreatment, low birth weight and non-attendance of postnatal care were highly predictive of fatality; low birthweight served as a vital predictor for premature death during toddlerhood (aIRR = 6.17, 95% CI: 2.36-15.4). CONCLUSIONS Raising awareness of maltreatment-related injuries in infancy and predictors should be a priority for appropriate follow-up assessment and timely intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Hung Chen
- Institute of Public Health, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Medical Building II, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong Street, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, The Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-An Wang
- Center of Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Tan-Wen Hsieh
- Center of Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Huoy Tsay
- Department of Social Work, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Yu Chen
- Institute of Public Health, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Medical Building II, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong Street, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.
- Center of Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Font SA, Kennedy R, Littleton T. Child protective services involvement and exclusionary school discipline. Child Dev 2023; 94:1625-1641. [PMID: 37161769 PMCID: PMC10636238 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The study examined the impact of child protective services (CPS) contact on out-of-school suspensions for 49,918 Wisconsin students (followed from ages 5-6 to 14-15; [school years 2010-2019; 74% White; 7% Black; 11% Hispanic; 8% other; 49% female]). A quasi-experimental design comparing recent CPS contact to upcoming (future) CPS contact shows that both recent CPS contact without foster care and future CPS contact predict higher odds of suspension compared with no contact. Higher odds of suspension emerged prior to CPS contact and did not substantially increase during or after CPS contact, suggesting that system-induced stress is not a primary driver of behavioral problems leading to suspension. Foster care reduced the odds of suspension among White children and children in special education.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Font
- Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Reeve Kennedy
- East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Compton AB, Panlilio CC, Humphreys KL. What's the matter with ACEs? Recommendations for considering early adversity in educational contexts. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 142:106073. [PMID: 36774310 PMCID: PMC10293056 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, some trauma-informed education practices use "ACE scores," a number that represents the sum of endorsed items from a survey derived from the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) study in 1998. We caution that the survey provides limited information within education, and such scores have limited utility for designing and delivering individualized intervention to support students who have experienced adversity. OBJECTIVE We sought to illustrate why ACEs are not well-suited for use in trauma-informed education, provide definitions for adversity-related terms from which a broader and common understanding of adversity can stem, and provide recommendations for integration of adversity-informed approaches to the educational context. METHODS We compiled definitions of adversity-related constructs and made recommendations based on review of relevant research from the fields of psychology and education. RESULTS Rather than tailoring educational practices to specific children based on the "traumatic" events they experience, we recommend educators focus their efforts on building supportive classrooms geared toward supporting students with best practices drawn from the Science of Learning, and with the understanding that early adversity can influence heterogeneous trajectories in student development and behavior. In addition, further research on educational practices, including the use of a shared language for describing and defining adversity-related experiences, are the concrete steps needed to better support a goal of adversity-informed education.
Collapse
|
9
|
Mao F, Xu Z, Li Y, Huang Y, Lu Y, Wang J, Zhang X, Cao F. Maternal Impaired Cognition and Infant Neglect: Exploring the Independent and Combined Effects of Maternal Executive Function and Reflective Function. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2023; 38:8316-8331. [PMID: 36803048 DOI: 10.1177/08862605231154940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Infant neglect is a common type of child maltreatment. According to the Social Information Processing theory, maternal executive function (EF) and reflective function (RF) are assumed to be important contributing factors to infant neglect. However, empirical evidence about this assumption is sparse. This was a cross-sectional study. A total of 1010 eligible women participated. The Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult Version, Parental Reflective Function Questionnaire, and Signs of Neglect in Infants Assessment Scale (SIGN) were used to assess maternal EF, RF, and infant neglect, respectively. Random forest was used to assess the relevant importance of maternal EF and RF. K-means clustering was used to identify the profiles of maternal EF and RF. Multivariable linear regression and generalized additive models were used to examine the independent and combined effects of maternal EF and RF on infant neglect. Each dimension of EF was linearly related to infant neglect. The associations between each dimension of RF and infant neglect were nonlinear. The inflection point for each dimension of RF was indicated. Random forest showed EF was more closely related to infant neglect. EF and RF had accumulative effects on infant neglect. Three profiles were identified. Among them, those with globally impaired EF had the highest level of infant neglect compared with those who had normal cognition or only impaired RF. Maternal EF and RF had independent and combined effects on infant neglect. Interventions with maternal EF and RF as targets are promising for reducing infant neglect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangxiang Mao
- Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Zhaojuan Xu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yang Li
- The University of Texas, Austin, USA
| | | | - Yane Lu
- Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Berger E, O’Donohue K, La C, Quinones G, Barnes M. Early Childhood Professionals’ Perspectives on Dealing with Trauma of Children. SCHOOL MENTAL HEALTH 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12310-022-09551-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
AbstractChildhood trauma is a significant concern in Australia and internationally. Professionals working in the early childhood education sector (i.e., providing early childhood education and care to infants, toddlers, and children from birth to age eight) are positioned to provide valuable support for children affected by trauma. However, there is less research on early childhood professionals’ perspectives and experiences of supporting trauma-exposed children compared to other education professionals (e.g., primary and secondary school teachers). This study explored early childhood professionals’ perspectives and experiences in relation to supporting children exposed to trauma. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 early childhood professionals in Victoria, Australia, and data were analysed using thematic analysis. The findings illustrate that while educators develop valuable skills and experience growth from supporting trauma-exposed children and their families, they also experience emotional distress and challenges. Educators noted that there are limited professional development opportunities to learn about childhood trauma, and limited access to qualified and knowledgeable staff who can help them when supporting these learners. Implications from this study emphasise the importance of designing and delivering trauma-based professional learning opportunities and policies for early childhood educators.
Collapse
|
11
|
Julian MM, Riggs J, Wong K, Lawler JM, Brophy-Herb HE, Ribaudo J, Stacks A, Jester JM, Pitzen J, Rosenblum KL, Muzik M. Relationships reduce risks for child maltreatment: Results of an experimental trial of Infant Mental Health Home Visiting. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:979740. [PMID: 36926461 PMCID: PMC10012869 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.979740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research examining the effectiveness of home visiting programs that reduce child maltreatment or associated risks yield mixed findings; some find positive significant impacts on maltreatment, whereas others find small to no effects. The Michigan Model of Infant Mental Health Home Visiting (IMH-HV) is a manualized, needs-driven, relationship-focused, home-based intervention service that significantly impacts maternal and child outcomes; the effect of this intervention on child maltreatment has not been sufficiently evaluated. OBJECTIVE The current study examined associations between treatment and dosage of IMH-HV and child abuse potential in a longitudinal, randomized controlled trial (RCT). PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Participants included 66 mother-infant dyads (Mother M age = 31.93 years at baseline; child M age = 11.22 months at baseline) who received up to 1 year of IMH-HV treatment (Mdn = 32 visits) or no IMH-HV treatment during the study period. METHODS Mothers completed a battery of assessments including the Brief Child Abuse Potential Inventory (BCAP) at baseline and at the 12-month follow-up assessment. RESULTS Regression analyses indicated that after controlling for baseline BCAP scores, those who received any IMH-HV treatment had lower 12-month BCAP scores compared to those who received no treatment. Additionally, participation in more visits was associated with lower child abuse potential at 12 months, and a reduced likelihood of scoring in the risk range. CONCLUSION Findings suggest that greater participation in IMH-HV is associated with decreased risk for child maltreatment 1 year after initiating treatment. IMH-HV promotes parent-clinician therapeutic alliance and provides infant-parent psychotherapy which differentiate it from traditional home visiting programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan M Julian
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jessica Riggs
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Kristyn Wong
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jamie M Lawler
- Department of Psychology, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI, United States
| | - Holly E Brophy-Herb
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Julie Ribaudo
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,School of Social Work, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Ann Stacks
- Merrill Palmer Skillman Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Jennifer M Jester
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jerrica Pitzen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Katherine L Rosenblum
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Maria Muzik
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gonzalez S, Rodriguez CM. Psychosocial Resources Predicting Maternal and Paternal Positive Parenting and Lower Child Abuse Risk. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2023; 24:186-197. [PMID: 36690868 PMCID: PMC10331505 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-022-01483-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Young children have the highest victimization rates of physical abuse in their first year of life, making up nearly half of all child abuse-related fatalities. More effective prevention is needed to reduce child victimization, yet many risk reduction models rely on problematic inclusion criteria, only intervene after maltreatment has occurred, or focus only on mothers. More proactive prevention models that promote positive parenting practices early in the transition to parenthood could be key to reducing child maltreatment. The current study sought to assess how both mothers' and fathers' psychosocial resources (e.g., emotion regulation, coping, and social support) and empathy can predict positive parenting and predict lower child abuse risk across time in a cross-lagged model. Parenting and abuse risk were examined prenatally, through the transition into parenthood, until children were 4 years old. First time mothers and their partners were recruited in the third trimester of pregnancy and assessed again when children were 6 months, 18 months, and 4 years old. Separate path models for mothers and fathers analyzed whether psychosocial resources and empathy at earlier timepoints predicted their positive parenting and lower abuse risk by the time children were age 4. Findings demonstrated that mothers' earlier empathy predicted later positive parenting and earlier positive parenting predicted later empathy. Fathers' lower prenatal abuse risk predicted greater subsequent empathy. Both mothers' and fathers' psychosocial resources and empathy at earlier timepoints predicted later positive parenting. Parents' psychosocial resources can be integral assets in positive, effective parenting approaches both concurrently and longitudinally. Mothers' and fathers' resources are an important point of intervention prior to and during the transition into parenthood to support healthier families that would confer benefits to child functioning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Christina M Rodriguez
- Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University, 250 Mills Godwin Life Sciences Building, Norfolk, VA, 23529, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Panlilio CC, Famularo L, Masters J, Dore S, Verdiglione N, Yang C, Lehman E, Hamm RM, Fiene R, Bard D, Kapp KM, Levi BH. Integrating Validity Evidence to Revise a Child Abuse Knowledge Test for Early Childhood Education Providers: A Mixed Methods Approach. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EVALUATION 2022; 43:559-583. [PMID: 36507193 PMCID: PMC9733792 DOI: 10.1177/10982140211002901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge tests used to evaluate child protection training program effectiveness for early childhood education providers may suffer from threats to construct validity given the contextual variability inherent within state-specific regulations around mandated reporting requirements. Unfortunately, guidance on instrument revision that accounts for such state-specific mandated reporting requirements is lacking across research on evaluation practices. This study, therefore, explored how collection and integration of validity evidence using a mixed methods framework can guide the instrument revision process to arrive at a more valid program outcome measure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlomagno C. Panlilio
- Department of Educational Psychology, Counseling, and Special Education, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Sarah Dore
- Department of Humanities and Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Nicole Verdiglione
- Department of Humanities and Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Chengwu Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, College of Dentistry, New York University, NY, USA
| | - Erik Lehman
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Robert M. Hamm
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Richard Fiene
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - David Bard
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Karl M. Kapp
- Department of Instructional Technology, Bloomsburg University, PA, USA
| | - Benjamin H. Levi
- Department of Humanities and Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Impulsivity as a mediator between childhood maltreatment and suicidal behavior: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 151:95-107. [PMID: 35477079 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Childhood maltreatment is a known risk factor for the development of suicidal behavior. Possible mediators of the association between childhood maltreatment and suicide have been analyzed. Some studies have considered impulsivity as one of these mediators, but there are no previous reviews on this topic. We, therefore, present a systematic review and mediation meta-analysis of the literature summarizing the evidence on impulsivity as a mediator of the relationship between childhood maltreatment and lifetime suicidal behavior. This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The review was registered in the PROSPERO database. We searched PubMed, PsycINFO, WebOfScience, and EMBASE databases up to February 2021 to identify studies exploring the association between childhood maltreatment and suicide through impulsivity. Fourteen articles met the selection criteria and were included in the review. Seven articles could be included in the mediation meta-analysis. Impulsivity was a significant mediator of the relationship between childhood maltreatment and suicidal behavior in ten of the fourteen included studies. This result was confirmed using mediation meta-analysis (β = .06, 95% CI 0.03-0.10). Studies suggest that exposure to traumatic situations in childhood affects the proper neurobiological, cognitive, and affective development of individuals. This may increase impulsivity, which in turn would be related to an increased risk of suicide. The effects of childhood maltreatment and impulsivity may be both therapeutic targets of interest to reduce suicide rates.
Collapse
|
15
|
Non-accidental Trauma in Infants: a Review of Evidence-Based Strategies for Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention. CURRENT TRAUMA REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40719-021-00221-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose of Review
To provide a resource for providers that may be involved in the diagnosis and management of infant non-accidental trauma (NAT).
Recent Findings
Infants are more likely to both suffer from physical abuse and die from their subsequent injuries. There are missed opportunities among providers for recognizing sentinel injuries. Minority children are overrepresented in the reporting of child maltreatment, and there is systemic bias in the evaluation and treatment of minority victims of child abuse.
Summary
Unfortunately, no single, primary preventative intervention has been conclusively shown to reduce the incidence of child maltreatment. Standardized algorithms for NAT screening have been shown to increase the bias-free utilization of NAT evaluations. Every healthcare provider that interacts with children has a responsibility to recognize warning signs of NAT, be able to initiate the evaluation for suspected NAT, and understand their role as a mandatory reporter.
Collapse
|
16
|
Giallo R, Rominov H, Fisher C, Jones A, Evans K, O'Brien J, Fogarty A. A mixed-methods feasibility study of the Home Parenting Education and Support Program for families at risk of child maltreatment and recurrence in Australia. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2021; 122:105356. [PMID: 34634523 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Efforts to prevent child maltreatment and its recurrence in infancy and early childhood are critical to disrupting pathways to poor physical and mental health and interpersonal relationships across the life course. The Home Parenting Education and Support (HoPES) program is an intensive 8-week home-visiting intervention for families of infants and young children (0-4 years) receiving child protection services or welfare services. OBJECTIVE The aims of this feasibility study were to: (a) explore parents' and clinicians' perceptions of the outcomes related to participation in HoPES, and (b) obtain preliminary data about potential intervention outcomes related to parent-child interactions, parent mental health, and parenting self-efficacy. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING HoPES was delivered to 30 families by a child and family health service. Seven mothers and eight HoPES clinicians also participated in qualitative interviews. METHODS A mixed-methods evaluation was conducted incorporating qualitative interviews and self-report pre-post intervention data was conducted. RESULTS Interviews with mothers identified perceived benefits for parent mental health and wellbeing, parenting, and relationships with children. This was further supported by clinician interviews and by the analysis of pre-post assessment data which revealed moderate to large decreases in maternal stress (d = 0.35) and increases in parental self-efficacy (0.76). CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study have important implications for further development of HoPES, and the design of a rigorous evaluation in next stage of evaluation research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Giallo
- Intergenerational Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia.
| | - Holly Rominov
- Intergenerational Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
| | | | - Andi Jones
- Tweddle Child and Family Health Service, Footscray, Australia
| | - Kirsty Evans
- Tweddle Child and Family Health Service, Footscray, Australia
| | - Jacquie O'Brien
- Tweddle Child and Family Health Service, Footscray, Australia
| | - Alison Fogarty
- Intergenerational Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lynch BP, Brokamp KM, Scheerer CR, Bishop M, Stauble L, Hagedorn B, Endres L. Outcomes of Occupational Therapy in Trauma-Informed Care. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY, SCHOOLS, & EARLY INTERVENTION 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/19411243.2021.2003733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristen M. Brokamp
- Department of Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, The Christ Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Carol R. Scheerer
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Xavier University, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Mackenzie Bishop
- Department of Rehabilitation Services Premier Health Network, Middletown, Ohio, USA
| | - Lauryn Stauble
- Department of Rehabilitation University of Cincinnati Hospital, West Chester, Ohio, USA
| | - Becky Hagedorn
- Department of Therapy, Hillandale Communities Advanced Therapy Center, Cincinnati, Ohio USA
| | - Lauren Endres
- Department of Therapy, Hillandale Communities Advanced Therapy Center, Cincinnati, Ohio USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Studying caregiver-infant co-regulation in dynamic, diverse cultural contexts: A call to action. Infant Behav Dev 2021; 64:101586. [PMID: 34118652 DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2021.101586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Caregivers and infants co-regulate their physiology, emotions, and behavior in a way that is dynamically responsive to each other and the contexts in which they live. This paper is an introduction and call to action for researchers interested in understanding how to study caregiver-infant interactions in the home and diverse cultural contexts, including marginalized communities. We argue that research will be more valid, culturally relevant, and tapped-in to the daily lives of caregivers and infants if there is partnership and collaboration with the caregivers in the design of the questions, data collection and analysis, and distribution of the findings. We recommend dynamically assessing emotions, behaviors, and physiology using repeated sampling methods including ecological momentary assessments (EMA), salivary bioscience, and actigraphy. We aim to extend current practices of studying caregiver-infant co-regulation by measuring fluctuations of daily life and considering sociocultural factors that shape naturalistic caregiver-infant interactions. Using methodological advancements and community-based participatory research approaches can enable developmental scientists to measure life as it is actually lived.
Collapse
|
19
|
Dealy J, Robinson J, Eaves T, Maderia H. Sparking collaboration and instilling core competencies through training a statewide workforce in Infant Mental Health: Report from the field. Infant Ment Health J 2021; 42:413-422. [PMID: 33955053 DOI: 10.1002/imhj.21921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Fostering collaboration and instilling core competencies across the diverse Infant Mental Health systems and understanding their training needs are crucial endeavors to support the delivery of evidence-based care and treatment continuity for infants and their families. This paper details the Connecticut Association for Infant Mental Health's use of a comprehensive infant mental health training series as a vehicle to achieve these aims. The training series, and the steps taken to execute and evaluate it are described to provide a framework for future collaborative training initiatives. Evaluation efforts were designed to address knowledge sought and gained and included pre and posttraining tests, participant reports of their training goals and needs, and interviews with trainers regarding the series' strengths and limitations. Findings suggest significant improvements in participants' knowledge of training content across trainings. Participants indicated a desire for trainings on working with the whole family and their plan to integrate skills from the training into their work. Recommendations from trainers and evaluators are provided to spark future trainings and collaborative efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Dealy
- Department of Psychology, Albertus Magnus College, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - JoAnn Robinson
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, Connecticut, USA
| | - Tanika Eaves
- Undergraduate Social Work Program at Egan School, Fairfield University, Fairfield, Connecticut, USA
| | - Heidi Maderia
- Connecticut Association for Infant Mental Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Gubbels J, van der Put CE, Stams GJJM, Prinzie PJ, Assink M. Components associated with the effect of home visiting programs on child maltreatment: A meta-analytic review. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2021; 114:104981. [PMID: 33571741 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.104981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Home visiting programs are widely endorsed for preventing child maltreatment. Yet, knowledge is lacking on what and how individual program components are related to the effectiveness of these programs. OBJECTIVE The aim of this meta-analysis was to increase this knowledge by summarizing findings on effects of home visiting programs on child maltreatment and by examining potential moderators of this effect, including a range of program components and delivery techniques. METHODS A literature search yielded 77 studies (N=48,761) examining the effectiveness of home visiting programs, producing 174 effect sizes. In total, 35 different program components and delivery techniques were coded. RESULTS A small but significant overall effect was found (d=0.135, 95 % CI (0.084, 0.187), p<0.001). Programs that focused on improving parental expectations of the child or parenthood in general (d = 0.308 for programs with this component versus d = 0.112 for programs without this component), programs targeting parental responsiveness or sensitivity to a child's needs (d = 0.238 versus d = 0.064), and programs using video-based feedback (d = 0.397 versus d = 0.124) yielded relatively larger effects. Providing practical and instrumental assistance was negatively associated with program effectiveness (d=0.044 versus d = 0.168). Further, program effects were larger when percentages of non-Caucasians/non-Whites in samples and follow-up durations increased. CONCLUSIONS In general, home visiting programs can prevent child maltreatment only to a small extent. However, implementing specific components and techniques can improve program effectiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne Gubbels
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 127, 1018 WS, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Claudia E van der Put
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 127, 1018 WS, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Geert-Jan J M Stams
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 127, 1018 WS, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J Prinzie
- Erasmus University Rotterdam, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Psychology, Education & Child Studies, Burgemeester Oudlaan 50, 3062 PA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Assink
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 127, 1018 WS, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
al'Absi M, Ginty AT, Lovallo WR. Neurobiological mechanisms of early life adversity, blunted stress reactivity and risk for addiction. Neuropharmacology 2021; 188:108519. [PMID: 33711348 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Blunted stress reactivity resulting from early exposure to stress during childhood and adolescence may increase vulnerability to addiction. Early life adversity (ELA) affects brain structure and function and results in blunted stress axis reactivity. In this review, we focus on the underlying neurobiological mechanisms associated with a blunted response to stress, ELA, and risk for addictive disorders. ELA and blunted reactivity are accompanied by unstable mood regulation, impulsive behaviors, and reduced cognitive function. Neuroimaging studies reveal cortical and subcortical changes in persons exposed to ELA and those who have a genetic disposition for addiction. We propose a model in which blunted stress reactivity may be a marker of risk for addiction through an altered motivational and behavioral reactivity to stress that contribute to disinhibited behavioral reactivity and impulsivity leading in turn to increased vulnerability for substance use. Evidence supporting this hypothesis in the context of substance use initiation, maintenance, and risk for relapse is presented. The effects of ELA on persons at risk for addiction may lead to early experimentation with drugs of abuse. Early adoption of drug intake may alter neuroregulation in such vulnerable persons leading to a permanent dysregulation of motivational responses consistent with dependence. This article is part of the special issue on 'Vulnerabilities to Substance Abuse'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa al'Absi
- Family Medicine and Biobehavioral Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN, USA.
| | - Annie T Ginty
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - William R Lovallo
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center and VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Minchella S, De Leo A, Orazi D, Mitello L, Terrenato I, Latina R. Violence against women: An observational study in an Italian emergency department. Appl Nurs Res 2021; 58:151411. [PMID: 33745559 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnr.2021.151411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Violence against women is a pervasive phenomenon affecting one in three women aged ≥15 in the world that are more likely to visit an emergency department (ED) for the serious physical and psychological consequences of the abuse. The aim of this observational single-centre study is to describe the socio-demographic and clinical variables associated with violence against women. We enrolled 425 female patients who attended an Italian ED for trauma on 2019 and the patients' information was collected and analyzed with descriptive statistics. The average age of the patients was 41.5 (standard deviation = 14.2) years. 74.6% of the women were Italians, and 86.6% were of metropolitan origin. The reasons for the ED visit included aggression (67.5%), accidental trauma (29.0%) and unknown reasons (3.5%). Multivariate analysis confirmed that three factors were independently associated with violence: nationality (odds ratio [OR] = 0.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.09-0.77), head/face/neck injuries (OR = 7.32; 95% CI, 3.76-14.27) and multiple injuries (OR = 8.52; 95% CI, 1.03-70.47). Age over 25 was a protective factor. The study confirmed that being a foreigner and having head/face/neck injuries or multiple injuries are associated with violence against women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Minchella
- Department of Health Professions, School of Nursing and Midwifery AO S. Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Aurora De Leo
- School of Nursing and Midwifery AO S. Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
| | - Daniela Orazi
- Health Direction, AO S. Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Mitello
- Department of Health Professions, School of Nursing and Midwifery AO S. Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Irene Terrenato
- Biostatistical Unit, IRCSS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Latina
- Department of Health Professions, School of Nursing and Midwifery AO S. Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Soares AP, d'Affonseca SM, Brino RDF. Trauma Craniano Violento (TCV): Relação entre Conhecimento de Pais, Potencial de Abuso Infantil e Status Socioeconômico Familiar. PSICOLOGIA: TEORIA E PESQUISA 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/0102.3772e37315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Resumo Descreve a relação entre conhecimento sobre Trauma Craniano Violento (TCV), status socioeconômico e potencial de maus-tratos infantis. Dezenove pais e 61 mães responderam aos instrumentos Escala de Atitudes Frente ao Choro do Bebê, Inventário de Potencial de Abuso Infantil e Questionário Socioeconômico. A correlação de Spearman demonstrou resultados significativos entre escolaridade e renda com crenças sobre cuidados com o bebê (r = 0,32, p = 0,004; r = 0,22, p = 0,05, respectivamente), poder aquisitivo e escolaridade com conhecimentos sobre choro infantil (r = -0,40, p<0,001; r = -0,22, p = 0,05, respectivamente), número de filhos com estratégias para lidar com choro (r = -0,29, p = 0,01) e rigidez com consequências de sacudir o bebê e crenças sobre cuidados com o bebê (r = -0,29, p = 0,008; r = -0,359, p = 0,001, respectivamente). Considera importante direcionar intervenções às necessidades de cada população e trabalhar a flexibilidade parental para reduzir o TCV.
Collapse
|
24
|
Ibrahim OR, Nasir FF, Lugga AS, Ibrahim M. A four-year-old Nigerian boy with battered child syndrome: implications for public health. Pan Afr Med J 2020; 35:47. [PMID: 32537052 PMCID: PMC7250214 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2020.35.47.19115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Battered child syndrome (BCS) is a form of physical abuse that is characterised by multiple injuries and potentially fatal outcome. Despite the high prevalence of physical abuse in developing countries, BCS is rarely reported. Hence, this report highlighted a four-year-old Nigerian boy who suffered multiple injuries (scalp haematoma, bruises, right clavicular fracture, and burns) from the paternal uncle's wife. This case report is discussed along the line of public health approach for curbing the social menace.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatima Faskari Nasir
- Department of Pediatrics, Federal Medical Centre, Katsina, Katsina State, Nigeria
| | - Abubakar Sani Lugga
- Department of Pediatrics, Federal Medical Centre, Katsina, Katsina State, Nigeria
| | - Mu'utasim Ibrahim
- Department of Pediatrics, Federal Medical Centre, Katsina, Katsina State, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ashraf IJ, Pekarsky AR, Race JE, Botash AS. Making the Most of Clinical Encounters: Prevention of Child Abuse and Maltreatment. Pediatr Clin North Am 2020; 67:481-498. [PMID: 32443988 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcl.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Child abuse is a public health concern with great costs to children, families, and society. Prevention of child abuse and maltreatment is an important clinical skill. Providers can take advantage of the opportunity to offer prevention interventions in the health care setting. Identification of risk factors and signs and symptoms of abuse, referral to local resources, parenting education, and application of the public health prevention framework should be integrated into clinical encounters. Identification of sentinel injuries enables tertiary interventions to save lives. Primary interventions during early childhood using effective parenting programs has been shown to reduce child maltreatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iram J Ashraf
- State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Upstate Golisano Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Alicia R Pekarsky
- State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Upstate Golisano Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - JoAnne E Race
- State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Upstate Golisano Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Ann S Botash
- State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Upstate Golisano Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Impact of early life adversities on human brain functioning: A coordinate-based meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 113:62-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
27
|
Prevalence, associated factors and health impact of intimate partner violence against women in different life stages. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221049. [PMID: 31596869 PMCID: PMC6784976 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The effect of age on intimate partner violence (IPV) against women has received little attention. The objective of this study is to analyze the prevalence, risk factors and health impact of current IPV in different life stages. Methods We analyzed a sub-sample of 8,935 ever-partnered women aged 16 years and older from the Spanish Macrosurvey on Gender Violence of 2014. Main outcomes: current physical/ sexual IPV and current psychological-only IPV. The impact of IPV on health was analyzed using the variables self-perceived health, mental health and activity limitations. Risk factors were assessed using the prevalence ratio (PR) from Poisson regression models with robust variance. Analyses were stratified by age (young people, adults, and elderly people). Results Abuse in childhood increases the likelihood of IPV in any life stage. A higher education level decreases the probability of physical/sexual IPV across all ages. Unemployment increases the probability of IPV in adult women (physical/sexual-IPV, PR:1.7; psychological-IPV, PR:1.3). Being an immigrant increases the likelihood of physical/sexual IPV in adult women (PRwomen:1.91). Women exposed to current physical/sexual IPV have a greater likelihood of reporting poor self-perceived health (PRyoungpeople:2.59; PRadults:1.68; PRelderly:1.28), poor mental health (PRyoungpeople:3.10; PRadults:2.61; PRedlerly:2.17) and activity limitations (PRyoungpeople:2.44; PRadults:1.98). For psychological IPV only, there is an increase in the probability of poor self-perceived health (PRadults:1.37; PRelderly:1.19), poor mental health (PRyoungpeople:2.24; PRadults:2.16; PRelderly:1.69), and activity limitations (PRadults:1.30; PRelderly:1.18). Conclusions We found both common factors and differential factors when looking at IPV by age group. This shows the need to link gender violence prevention with the social circumstances of the population across different life stages.
Collapse
|
28
|
Vischer AFWK, Post WJ, Grietens H, Knorth EJ, Bronfman E. Development of atypical parental behavior during an inpatient family preservation intervention program. Infant Ment Health J 2019; 41:5-23. [PMID: 31508841 PMCID: PMC7028130 DOI: 10.1002/imhj.21823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Since failed reunification is a detrimental outcome for children, particularly infants and toddlers, the aim of this study was to gain insight into support to families in multiple-problem situations to help them achieve sustainable good-enough parenting. Therefore, we examined outcomes of an assessment-based inpatient family preservation program. We prepared a thorough target-population description (n = 70) using file analysis. Next, we examined atypical parental behavior during the intervention using the Atypical Maternal Behavior Instrument for Assessment and Classification with a repeated measures design (n = 30). The family files revealed a great number of issues at the family, parent, and child levels, such as practical matters, problems in parent functioning and between parents, and difficulties in the broader environment. We found a significant decline in three dimensions of atypical parental behavior over time. This program has great potential in supporting vulnerable families in their pursuit of family preservation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Fleur W K Vischer
- Department of Special Needs Education and Youth Care, Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wendy J Post
- Department of Special Needs Education and Youth Care, Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Grietens
- Department of Special Needs Education and Youth Care, Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Erik J Knorth
- Department of Special Needs Education and Youth Care, Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Elisa Bronfman
- Behavioral Medicine and General Outpatient Service, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Chou IJ, Kong SS, Chung TT, See LC, Kuo CF, Lin JJ, Wang HS, Lin KL, Hung PC. Evaluation of the effect of the child protection act on serious child physical abuse in Taiwan. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2019; 95:104066. [PMID: 31284024 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have examined the effects of the Child Protection Act on child maltreatment in Taiwan. OBJECTIVE This study estimated the secular trends in the incidence rate of physical abuse of children requiring hospitalization between 1996 and 2013, and the subsequent in-hospital death proportion before and after implementation of the Act in 2003. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING The cases were children younger than 12 years old who were hospitalized due to child abuse, shaken-baby syndrome, neglect, or homicide between 1996 and 2013. A comparison group consisted of children requiring hospitalization for other reasons. We used the National Health Insurance database to identify patients. METHODS The Joinpoint Regression Program was used to estimate temporal trends in the standardized incidence rates. RESULTS Between 1996 and 2013, 2050 children required hospitalization for physical abuse. Before 2005, the annual percent change increased by 9.40 [95% confidence interval (CI), 4.98-14.00] per year, and after 2005 the annual percent change was -4.80 (95% CI, -9.53-0.17) per year. Among the 2050 physically abused children requiring hospitalization, 83 (4%) died in hospital. The in-hospital death proportion was 2.62% before 2003 and 4.90% after 2003, and the ratio of these two proportions was 1.43 (95% CI, 0.80-2.58). CONCLUSIONS The trend in the incidence of hospitalization of children due to physical-abuse-related injuries started to decline 2 years after implementation of the Child Protection Act. However, the proportion of children who died in hospital as a result of physical abuse requiring hospitalization did not change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I-Jun Chou
- Division of Paediatric Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Sing Kong
- Division of Paediatric Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Ting Chung
- Big Data Research Office, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Lai-Chu See
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Biostatistics Core Laboratory, Molecular Medicine Research Centre, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Fu Kuo
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Division of Rheumatology, Orthopaedics, and Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; Big Data Research Office, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Jainn-Jim Lin
- Division of Paediatric Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Shyong Wang
- Division of Paediatric Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Lin Lin
- Division of Paediatric Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Po-Cheng Hung
- Division of Paediatric Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Testing the cycle of maltreatment hypothesis: Meta-analytic evidence of the intergenerational transmission of child maltreatment. Dev Psychopathol 2019; 31:23-51. [PMID: 30757994 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579418001700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
It has long been claimed that "maltreatment begets maltreatment," that is, a parent's history of maltreatment increases the risk that his or her child will also suffer maltreatment. However, significant methodological concerns have been raised regarding evidence supporting this assertion, with some arguing that the association weakens in samples with higher methodological rigor. In the current study, the intergenerational transmission of maltreatment hypothesis is examined in 142 studies (149 samples; 227,918 dyads) that underwent a methodological quality review, as well as data extraction on a number of potential moderator variables. Results reveal a modest association of intergenerational maltreatment (k = 80; d = 0.45, 95% confidence interval; CI [0.37, 0.54]). Support for the intergenerational transmission of specific maltreatment types was also observed (neglect: k = 13, d = 0.24, 95% CI [0.11, 0.37]; physical abuse: k = 61, d = 0.41, 95% CI [0.33, 0.49]; emotional abuse: k = 18, d = 0.57, 95% CI [0.43, 0.71]; sexual abuse: k = 18, d = 0.39, 95% CI [0.24, 0.55]). Methodological quality only emerged as a significant moderator of the intergenerational transmission of physical abuse, with a weakening of effect sizes as methodological rigor increased. Evidence from this meta-analysis confirms the cycle of maltreatment hypothesis, although effect sizes were modest. Future research should focus on deepening understanding of mechanisms of transmission, as well as identifying protective factors that can effectively break the cycle of maltreatment.
Collapse
|
31
|
Fallon B, Filippelli J, Joh-Carnella N, Miller SP, Denburg A. Trends in investigations of abuse or neglect referred by hospital personnel in Ontario. BMJ Paediatr Open 2019; 3:e000386. [PMID: 30957025 PMCID: PMC6422247 DOI: 10.1136/bmjpo-2018-000386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a dearth of literature surrounding mandated reporters to child welfare services in the Canadian context. This paper examines 20 years of reporting patterns from hospitals, which represent 5% of all referrals to child welfare services in Ontario. METHODS The Ontario Incidence Study of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect (OIS) is a representative study that has taken place every 5 years since 1993. The OIS is a multistage cluster sample design, intended to produce an estimate of reported child abuse and neglect in the year the study takes place. RESULTS There have been significant changes in referral patterns over time. Hospital referrals in 2013 are more likely to involve a concern of neglect, risk of maltreatment or exposure to intimate partner violence. In 1993, children were more likely to be referred from a hospital for a concern of physical abuse. Between 1993 and 1998, there was a significant drop in the number of sexual abuse investigations referred from a hospital. Hospitals have low rates of substantiation across all of the OIS cycles. CONCLUSION This is the first study to examine hospital-based referral patterns in Canada. The relatively low percentage of hospital referrals across the cycles of the OIS is consistent with the extant literature. The findings warrant further discussion and research. This study is foundational for future research that can assist in identifying and developing responses across sectors that meet the complex needs of vulnerable families and that ultimately promote children's safety and well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Fallon
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joanne Filippelli
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicolette Joh-Carnella
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Steven P Miller
- Division of Neurology, Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Neurosciences and Mental Health, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Avram Denburg
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Review of Tools for Measuring Exposure to Adversity in Children and Adolescents. J Pediatr Health Care 2018; 32:564-583. [PMID: 30369409 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2018.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to childhood adversity can result in negative behavioral and physical health outcomes due to potential long-term embedding into regulatory biological processes. Screening for exposure to adversity is a critical first step in identifying children at risk for developing a toxic stress response. We searched PubMed, PsycArticles, and CINAHL for studies published between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2016, as well as other sources, to identify potential tools for measuring cumulative adversity in children and adolescents. We identified 32 tools and examined them for adversity categories, target population, administration time, administration qualifications and method, and reliability and validity. We also created a list of recommended tools that would be feasible for use by pediatric practitioners in most types of practice. This review provides a starting point for mobilizing screening in pediatric settings, highlighting the challenges with existing tools, and potential issues in the development and evaluation of future tools.
Collapse
|
33
|
Sanz-Barbero B, López Pereira P, Barrio G, Vives-Cases C. Intimate partner violence against young women: prevalence and associated factors in Europe. J Epidemiol Community Health 2018. [DOI: 10.1136/jech-2017-209701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundThe magnitude of intimate partner violence (IPV) in young women is a source of increasing concern. The prevalence of IPV has not been analysed in Europe as a whole. The objective was to assess the prevalence and main characteristics of experiencing physical and/or sexual and psychological-only IPV among young women in the European Union and to identify individual and contextual associated risk factors.MethodsWe analysed a cross-sectional subsample of 5976 ever-partnered women aged 18–29 years from the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights Violence Against Women Survey, 2012. The main outcomes were current physical and/or sexual IPV and lifetime psychological-only IPV. Risk factors were assessed by the prevalence ratio (PR) from multilevel Poisson regression models.ResultsCurrent prevalence of physical and/or sexual IPV was 6.1%, lifetime prevalence of psychological-only IPV was 28.7%. Having suffered physical and/or sexual abuse by an adult before age 15 was the strongest risk factor for IPV (PR: 2.9 for physical and/or sexual IPV, PR: 1.5 for psychological-only IPV). Other individual risk factors were: perceived major difficulties in living within their household income (PR: 2.6), having children (PR: 1.8) and age 18–24 years (PR: 1.5) for physical/sexual IPV and immigration background for psychological-only IPV (PR: 1.4). Living in countries with a higher prevalence of binge drinking or early school dropout was positively associated with IPV.ConclusionsFindings show that the fight against violence in young women should consider individual characteristics, childhood experiences of abuse and also structural interventions including reduction of alcohol consumption and improvement in the education-related indicators.
Collapse
|
34
|
Landers AL, McLuckie A, Cann R, Shapiro V, Visintini S, MacLaurin B, Trocmé N, Saini M, Carrey NJ. A scoping review of evidence-based interventions available to parents of maltreated children ages 0-5 involved with child welfare services. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2018; 76:546-560. [PMID: 28985958 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Parents referred to child welfare services for child maltreatment often struggle against chronic risk factors including violence, substance abuse, mental health concerns, and poverty, which impinge upon their ability to be sensitive caregivers. The first line of intervention within the child welfare context is to modify parenting behavior. This scoping review comprehensively surveyed all available literature to map the extent and range of research activity around the types of interventions available within a child welfare context to parents of infants and toddlers (0-5 years of age), to identify the facilitators and/or barriers to the uptake of interventions, and to check that interventions match the risk factors faced by parents. This scoping review engaged in stringent screening of studies based upon inclusion/exclusion criteria. Sixty-five articles involving forty-two interventions met inclusion criteria. Interventions generally aimed to improve parenting practices, the relationship between parent and child, and/or attachment security, along with reducing child abuse and/or neglect. A notable finding of this scoping review is that at present, interventions for parents of children ages 0-5 involved with the child welfare system are most frequently measured via case study and quasi-experimental designs, with randomized control trials making up 26.2% of included study designs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L Landers
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, United States.
| | | | - Robin Cann
- IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Soares ALG, Matijasevich A, Menezes AM, Assunção MC, Wehrmeister FC, Howe LD, Gonçalves H. Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and Adiposity in Adolescents: A Cross-Cohort Comparison. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2018; 26:150-159. [PMID: 29135081 PMCID: PMC5765459 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the association between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and adiposity in adolescents from two cohorts in different socioeconomic contexts. METHODS Data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC, United Kingdom) and the 1993 Pelotas Cohort (Brazil) were used. Six ACEs were assessed in both cohorts up to age 15. At 15 years, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were measured, and at 18 years, BMI, fat mass index, and android fat percentage were assessed. RESULTS Few associations were observed between ACEs and adiposity at 15 years, and they were not consistent across cohorts. For adiposity at age 15 in ALSPAC, physical abuse had a positive association with WC, and domestic violence had a positive association with both WC and BMI. A dose-response relationship between the ACE score and both WC and BMI at 15 years was observed in ALSPAC. In the 1993 Pelotas Cohort, the associations found in crude analysis were no longer evident after adjustment. CONCLUSIONS This study found some evidence of an association between an ACE score and adiposity in adolescence in a United Kingdom cohort but no evidence of association in a Brazilian cohort. Residual confounding or context-specific relationships could explain the different pattern of associations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luiza G. Soares
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of PelotasPelotasBrazil
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology UnitPopulation Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of BristolBristolUK
| | - Alicia Matijasevich
- Department of Preventive MedicineSchool of Medicine, University of São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Ana M.B. Menezes
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of PelotasPelotasBrazil
| | | | | | - Laura D. Howe
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology UnitPopulation Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of BristolBristolUK
| | - Helen Gonçalves
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of PelotasPelotasBrazil
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Enduring Neural and Behavioral Effects of Early Life Adversity in Infancy: Consequences of Maternal Abuse and Neglect, Trauma and Fear. Curr Behav Neurosci Rep 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40473-017-0112-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|