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Kwon S, Hyeon JS, Jung Y, Li L, An JN, Kim YC, Yang SH, Kim T, Kim DK, Lim CS, Hwang GS, Lee JP. Urine myo-inositol as a novel prognostic biomarker for diabetic kidney disease: a targeted metabolomics study using nuclear magnetic resonance. Kidney Res Clin Pract 2023; 42:445-459. [PMID: 37551126 PMCID: PMC10407640 DOI: 10.23876/j.krcp.22.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a leading cause of chronic kidney disease, clinical demand for noninvasive biomarkers of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) beyond proteinuria is increasing. Metabolomics is a popular method to identify mechanisms and biomarkers. We investigated urinary targeted metabolomics in DKD patients. METHODS We conducted a targeted metabolomics study of 26 urinary metabolites in consecutive patients with DKD stage 1 to 5 (n = 208) and healthy controls (n = 26). The relationships between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) or urine protein-creatinine ratio (UPCR) and metabolites were evaluated. Multivariate Cox analysis was used to estimate relationships between urinary metabolites and the target outcome, end-stage renal disease (ESRD). C statistics and time-dependent receiver operating characteristics (ROC) were used to assess diagnostic validity. RESULTS During a median 4.5 years of follow-up, 103 patients (44.0%) progressed to ESRD and 65 (27.8%) died. The median fold changes of nine metabolites belonged to monosaccharide and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle metabolites tended to increase with DKD stage. Myo-inositol, choline, and citrates were correlated with eGFR and choline, while mannose and myo-inositol were correlated with UPCR. Elevated urinary monosaccharide and TCA cycle metabolites showed associations with increased morality and ESRD progression. The predictive power of ESRD progression was high, in the order of choline, myo-inositol, and citrate. Although urinary metabolites alone were less predictive than serum creatinine or UPCR, myo-inositol had additive effect with serum creatinine and UPCR. In time-dependent ROC, myo-inositol was more predictive than UPCR of 1-year ESRD progression prediction. CONCLUSION Myo-inositol can be used as an additive biomarker of ESRD progression in DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soie Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University Heukseok Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Clinical Medical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Seong Hyeon
- Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngae Jung
- Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Lilin Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, China
| | - Jung Nam An
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Chul Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hee Yang
- Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University Medical Research Center , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tammy Kim
- Institute of Life and Death Studies, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ki Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun Soo Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Geum-Sook Hwang
- Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Pyo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Liu F, Ye F, Cheng C, Kang Z, Kou H, Sun J. Symbiotic microbes aid host adaptation by metabolizing a deterrent host pine carbohydrate d-pinitol in a beetle-fungus invasive complex. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eadd5051. [PMID: 36563163 PMCID: PMC9788770 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add5051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The red turpentine beetle (RTB) is one of the most destructive invasive pests in China and solely consumes pine phloem containing high amounts of d-pinitol. Previous studies reported that d-pinitol exhibits deterrent effects on insects. However, it remains unknown how insects overcome d-pinitol during their host plant adaptation. We found that d-pinitol had an antagonistic effect on RTB, which mainly relied on gallery microbes to degrade d-pinitol to enhance host adaptation with mutualistic Leptographium procerum and two symbiotic bacteria, Erwinia and Serratia, responsible for this degradation. Genomic, transcriptomic, and functional investigations revealed that all three microbes can metabolize d-pinitol via different branches of the inositol pathway. Our results collectively highlight the contributions of symbiotic microbes in RTB's adaptation to living on pine, thereby facilitating outbreaks of RTB in China. These findings further enrich our knowledge of symbiotic invasions and contribute to the further understanding of plant-insect interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanghua Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Institutes of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Fangyuan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chihang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, Huzhou University, No. 759, East 2nd Road, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Zhiwei Kang
- School of Life Sciences, Institutes of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Hongru Kou
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianghua Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Institutes of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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3
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Laganà AS, Forte G, Bizzarri M, Kamenov ZA, Bianco B, Kaya C, Gitas G, Alkatout I, Terzic M, Unfer V. Inositols in the ovaries: activities and potential therapeutic applications. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2022; 18:123-133. [PMID: 35472446 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2022.2071259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Myo-inositol (MI) and d-chiro-inositol (DCI) play a key role in ovarian physiology, as they are second messengers of insulin and gonadotropins. Ex-vivo and in-vitro experiments demonstrate that both isomers are deeply involved in steroid biosynthesis, and that reduced MI-to-DCI ratios are associated with pathological imbalance of sex hormones. AREAS COVERED This expert opinion provides an overview of the physiological distribution of MI and DCI in the ovarian tissues, and a thorough insight of their involvement into ovarian steroidogenesis. Insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia dramatically reduce the MI-to-DCI ratio in the ovaries, leading to gynecological disorders characterized by hyperandrogenism, altered menstrual cycle and infertility. EXPERT OPINION Available evidence indicates that MI and DCI have very specific physiological roles and, seemingly, physiological MI-to-DCI ratios in the ovaries are crucial to maintain the correct homeostasis of steroids. Inositol treatments should be evaluated on the patients' specific conditions and needs, as long-term supplementation of high doses of DCI may cause detrimental effects on the ovarian functionality. In addition, the effects of inositol therapy on the different PCOS phenotypes should be further investigated in order to better tailor the supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Simone Laganà
- The Experts Group on Inositols in Basic and Clinical Research (EGOI), Rome, Italy.,Unit of Gynecologic Oncology, ARNAS 'Civico - Di Cristina - Benfratelli', Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Mariano Bizzarri
- The Experts Group on Inositols in Basic and Clinical Research (EGOI), Rome, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine, Systems Biology Group Lab, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Zdravko A Kamenov
- The Experts Group on Inositols in Basic and Clinical Research (EGOI), Rome, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Bianca Bianco
- Discipline of Sexual and Reproductive Health, and Populational Genetics - Department of Collective Health, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC/Centro Universitário FMABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Cihan Kaya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Health Sciences, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Georgios Gitas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Charité Campus, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ibrahim Alkatout
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Milan Terzic
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan.,National Research Center for Maternal and Child Health, Clinical Academic Department of Women's Health, University Medical Center, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 300 Halket Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Vittorio Unfer
- The Experts Group on Inositols in Basic and Clinical Research (EGOI), Rome, Italy.,Systems Biology Group Lab, Rome, Italy
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Hanafy MM, Lindeque JZ, El-Maraghy SA, Abdel-Hamid AHZ, Shahin NN. Time-based investigation of urinary metabolic markers for Type 2 diabetes: Metabolomics approach for diabetes management. Biofactors 2021; 47:645-657. [PMID: 33836111 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is considered one of the most important health emergencies worldwide and Egypt has 8.2 million diabetic patients according to the International Diabetes Federation report in 2017. The objective of this study was to monitor the time-course variation in the metabolic profile of diabetic rats to detect urinary metabolic biomarkers using the metabolomics approach. Type 2 diabetes was induced in male Wistar albino rats using a single intraperitoneal injection of 40 mg/kg of streptozotocin following oral administration of 10% fructose in drinking water for 3 weeks. Then, urine was collected for 24 h from rats at three time points (0, 2, and 4 weeks after confirmation of diabetes), and were analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance (H1 -NMR), followed by multivariate data analysis. The results from H1 -NMR pointed out that d-glucose, taurine, l-carnitine, l-fucose, 1,5-anhydrosorbitol, and d-galactose levels showed consistent significant variation (p < 0.05) between the positive (diabetic) and negative (normal) controls during the whole experimental period. Also, with the disease progression, myoinositol, and l-phenylalanine levels were significantly altered (p < 0.05) after 2 weeks and this alteration was maintained till the end of the 4-week experimental period in the positive control group. From the results of the present study, it could be concluded that we cannot depend only on glucose levels for prognostic purposes since there are other metabolic disturbances in diabetes which need to be tracked for better disease prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moataz M Hanafy
- Therapeutic Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Jeremie Z Lindeque
- Human Metabolomics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Shohda A El-Maraghy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Hamid Z Abdel-Hamid
- Therapeutic Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nancy N Shahin
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Watkins OC, Yong HEJ, Sharma N, Chan SY. A review of the role of inositols in conditions of insulin dysregulation and in uncomplicated and pathological pregnancy. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:1626-1673. [PMID: 33280430 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1845604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Inositols, a group of 6-carbon polyols, are highly bioactive molecules derived from diet and endogenous synthesis. Inositols and their derivatives are involved in glucose and lipid metabolism and participate in insulin-signaling, with perturbations in inositol processing being associated with conditions involving insulin resistance, dysglycemia and dyslipidemia such as polycystic ovary syndrome and diabetes. Pregnancy is similarly characterized by substantial and complex changes in glycemic and lipidomic regulation as part of maternal adaptation and is also associated with physiological alterations in inositol processing. Disruptions in maternal adaptation are postulated to have a critical pathophysiological role in pregnancy complications such as gestational diabetes and pre-eclampsia. Inositol supplementation has shown promise as an intervention for the alleviation of symptoms in conditions of insulin resistance and for gestational diabetes prevention. However, the mechanisms behind these affects are not fully understood. In this review, we explore the role of inositols in conditions of insulin dysregulation and in pregnancy, and identify priority areas for research. We particularly examine the role and function of inositols within the maternal-placental-fetal axis in both uncomplicated and pathological pregnancies. We also discuss how inositols may mediate maternal-placental-fetal cross-talk, and regulate fetal growth and development, and suggest that inositols play a vital role in promoting healthy pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver C Watkins
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hannah E J Yong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Neha Sharma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shiao-Yng Chan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
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6
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Facchinetti F, Appetecchia M, Aragona C, Bevilacqua A, Bezerra Espinola MS, Bizzarri M, D'Anna R, Dewailly D, Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Hernández Marín I, Kamenov ZA, Kandaraki E, Laganà AS, Monastra G, Montanino Oliva M, Nestler JE, Orio F, Ozay AC, Papalou O, Pkhaladze L, Porcaro G, Prapas N, Soulage CO, Stringaro A, Wdowiak A, Unfer V. Experts' opinion on inositols in treating polycystic ovary syndrome and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus: a further help for human reproduction and beyond. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2020; 16:255-274. [PMID: 32129111 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2020.1737675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: This Experts' opinion provides an updated scientific support to gynecologists, obstetricians, endocrinologists, nutritionists, neurologists and general practitioners on the use of Inositols in the therapy of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and non-insulin dependent (type 2) diabetes mellitus (NIDDM).Areas covered: This paper summarizes the physiology of Myo-Inositol (MI) and D-Chiro-Inositol (DCI), two important molecules present in human organisms, and their therapeutic role, also for treating infertility. Some deep differences between the physiological functions of MI and DCI, as well as their safety and intestinal absorption are discussed. Updates include new evidence on the efficacy exerted in PCOS by the 40:1 MI/DCI ratio, and the innovative approach based on alpha-lactalbumin to overcome the decreased therapeutic efficacy of Inositols in some patients.Expert opinion: The evidence suggests that MI, alone or with DCI in the 40:1 ratio, offers a promising treatment for PCOS and NIDDM. However, additional studies need to evaluate some still unresolved issues, such as the best MI/DCI ratio for treating NIDDM, the potential cost-effectiveness of reduced gonadotropins administration in IVF due to MI treatment, or the benefit of MI supplementation in ovulation induction with clomiphene citrate in PCOS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Facchinetti
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Marialuisa Appetecchia
- Oncological Endocrinology Unit, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute - IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Cesare Aragona
- Systems Biology Group Lab, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Arturo Bevilacqua
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Mariano Bizzarri
- Systems Biology Group Lab, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosario D'Anna
- Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "G. Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Didier Dewailly
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Lille, Lille, France.,INSERM, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Centre, Lille, France
| | | | - Imelda Hernández Marín
- Human Reproduction Department, Hospital Juárez de México, México City Mexico.,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma De México (UNAM), México City, México
| | - Zdravko A Kamenov
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Eleni Kandaraki
- Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, HYGEIA Hospital, Marousi, Athens, Greece
| | - Antonio Simone Laganà
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Filippo Del Ponte" Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Giovanni Monastra
- Systems Biology Group Lab, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - John E Nestler
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Francesco Orio
- Department of Endocrinology, "Parthenope" University of Naples, Italy
| | - Ali Cenk Ozay
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Near East University, Nicosia Cyprus.,Near East University, Research Center of Experimental Health Sciences, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Olga Papalou
- Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, HYGEIA Hospital, Marousi, Athens, Greece
| | - Lali Pkhaladze
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Ioseb Zhordania Institute of Reproductology, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | | | - Nikos Prapas
- 3rd Department of OB-GYNAE, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki Greece.,IVF Laboratory, IAKENTRO Fertility Centre, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Annarita Stringaro
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation - Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Artur Wdowiak
- Diagnostic Techniques Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
| | - Vittorio Unfer
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Dinicola S, Minini M, Unfer V, Verna R, Cucina A, Bizzarri M. Nutritional and Acquired Deficiencies in Inositol Bioavailability. Correlations with Metabolic Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E2187. [PMID: 29053604 PMCID: PMC5666868 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Communities eating a western-like diet, rich in fat, sugar and significantly deprived of fibers, share a relevant increased risk of both metabolic and cancerous diseases. Even more remarkable is that a low-fiber diet lacks some key components-as phytates and inositols-for which a mechanistic link has been clearly established in the pathogenesis of both cancer and metabolic illness. Reduced bioavailability of inositol in living organisms could arise from reduced food supply or from metabolism deregulation. Inositol deregulation has been found in a number of conditions mechanistically and epidemiologically associated to high-glucose diets or altered glucose metabolism. Indeed, high glucose levels hinder inositol availability by increasing its degradation and by inhibiting both myo-Ins biosynthesis and absorption. These underappreciated mechanisms may likely account for acquired, metabolic deficiency in inositol bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Dinicola
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Systems Biology Group, Sapienza University of Rome, viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy.
- Department of Surgery "Pietro Valdoni", Sapienza University of Rome, Via Antonio Scarpa 14, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Mirko Minini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Systems Biology Group, Sapienza University of Rome, viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy.
- Department of Surgery "Pietro Valdoni", Sapienza University of Rome, Via Antonio Scarpa 14, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Vittorio Unfer
- Department of Medical Sciences, IPUS-Institute of Higher Education, 5250 Chiasso, Switzerland.
| | - Roberto Verna
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Systems Biology Group, Sapienza University of Rome, viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Cucina
- Department of Surgery "Pietro Valdoni", Sapienza University of Rome, Via Antonio Scarpa 14, 00161 Rome, Italy.
- Policlinico Umberto I, viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Mariano Bizzarri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Systems Biology Group, Sapienza University of Rome, viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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Dell'Edera D, Sarlo F, Allegretti A, Simone F, Lupo MG, Epifania AA. The influence of D- chiro-inositol and D- myo-inositol in pregnant women with glucose intolerance. Biomed Rep 2017; 7:169-172. [PMID: 28804631 DOI: 10.3892/br.2017.939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to demonstrate that the use of inositol and folic acid from the first trimester of pregnancy, counteracts the onset of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in women at risk, preserving the infants from macrosomia, hypoglycemia and preterm delivery. The authors collected data from the pregnant women at the laboratory (Unit of Cytogenic and Molecular Genetics), from January 2014 to April 2016, all with first trimester fasting plasma glucose (FPG) >92 mg/dl. A total of 40 women were treated with 250 mg/day D-chiro-inositol, 1.75 g/day D-myo-inositol, 12.5 mg/day zinc, 10 mg/day methylsulfonylmethane, 400 µg/day 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid. The other 43 women (control group) were treated with only 400 µg/day folic acid. The primary outcome measure was the incidence of maternal GDM. The secondary outcome measures were the incidence of fetal macrosomia, preterm delivery and neonatal hypoglycemia. At the 24th week of pregnancy, the incidence of maternal GDM was recorded in 18 women in the control group and in 5 women in the treated group [relative risk (RR)=3.35; 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.37-8.17; P=0.0028). A significant difference was observed between treated and control groups in terms of risk of macrosomia. A total of seven infants in the control group, and two in the treated group, weighed >4,000 g (RR=5,12; 95% CI=1.21-21.68; P=0.0099). No significant difference was identified between two groups, regarding the other two secondary outcomes, neonatal hypoglycemia (RR=4.650; 95% CI=0.57-38.11; P=0.1086) and preterm delivery (RR=1.74; 95% CI=0.83-3.66; P=0.1301). The current study demonstrated the potential benefit of supplementation with the association of D-chiro-inositol and D-myo-inositol in pregnant 'at risk' women, with first trimester FPG >92 mg/dl, in preventing the onset of maternal GDM and macrosomia in newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Dell'Edera
- Unit of Cytogenetic and Molecular Genetics, 'Madonna delle Grazie' Hospital, 75100 Matera, Italy
| | - Francesca Sarlo
- Unit of Cytogenetic and Molecular Genetics, 'Madonna delle Grazie' Hospital, 75100 Matera, Italy
| | - Arianna Allegretti
- Unit of Cytogenetic and Molecular Genetics, 'Madonna delle Grazie' Hospital, 75100 Matera, Italy
| | - Francesca Simone
- Unit of Cytogenetic and Molecular Genetics, 'Madonna delle Grazie' Hospital, 75100 Matera, Italy
| | - Maria Giovanna Lupo
- Unit of Cytogenetic and Molecular Genetics, 'Madonna delle Grazie' Hospital, 75100 Matera, Italy
| | - Annunziata Anna Epifania
- Unit of Cytogenetic and Molecular Genetics, 'Madonna delle Grazie' Hospital, 75100 Matera, Italy
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Sortino MA, Salomone S, Carruba MO, Drago F. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Insights into the Therapeutic Approach with Inositols. Front Pharmacol 2017. [PMID: 28642705 PMCID: PMC5463048 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by hormonal abnormalities that cause menstrual irregularity and reduce ovulation rate and fertility, associated to insulin resistance. Myo-inositol (cis-1,2,3,5-trans-4,6-cyclohexanehexol, MI) and D-chiro-inositol (cis-1,2,4-trans-3,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, DCI) represent promising treatments for PCOS, having shown some therapeutic benefits without substantial side effects. Because the use of inositols for treating PCOS is widespread, a deep understanding of this treatment option is needed, both in terms of potential mechanisms and efficacy. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the biological effects of MI and DCI and the results obtained from relevant intervention studies with inositols in PCOS. Based on the published results, both MI and DCI represent potential valid therapeutic approaches for the treatment of insulin resistance and its associated metabolic and reproductive disorders, such as those occurring in women affected by PCOS. Furthermore, the combination MI/DCI seems also effective and might be even superior to either inositol species alone. However, based on available data, a particular MI:DCI ratio to be administered to PCOS patients cannot be established. Further studies are then necessary to understand the real contents of MI or DCI uptaken by the ovary following oral administration in order to identify optimal doses and/or combination ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Sortino
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, Catania UniversityCatania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Salomone
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, Catania UniversityCatania, Italy
| | - Michele O Carruba
- Center for the Study and Research on Obesity, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of MilanMilan, Italy
| | - Filippo Drago
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, Catania UniversityCatania, Italy
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Paul C, Laganà AS, Maniglio P, Triolo O, Brady DM. Inositol's and other nutraceuticals' synergistic actions counteract insulin resistance in polycystic ovarian syndrome and metabolic syndrome: state-of-the-art and future perspectives. Gynecol Endocrinol 2016; 32:431-8. [PMID: 26927948 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2016.1144741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS), type II diabetes (T2D) and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) has been progressively increasing. Insulin resistance (InsR) seems to play a key role in a majority of phenotypes of these conditions, altering metabolic homeostasis, within muscle, liver, adipose and other tissues. Hyperinsulinemia is often associated with InsR and causes hormonal imbalances especially within ovaries and adrenals. Inositol is a polyalcohol, naturally occurring as nine stereoisomers, including D-chiro-inositol (DCI) and myo-inositol (MI), which have prominent roles in the metabolism of glucose and free fatty acids. MI and DCI have been classified as insulin-sensitizers and seem to adequately counteract several InsR-related metabolic alterations with a safe nutraceutical profile. Based on our analysis of selected studies that investigated MI and/or DCI, we conclude that supplementation with MI and/or DCI complement each other in their metabolic actions and act in synergy with other insulin sensitizing drugs and/or nutraceuticals. Nevertheless, considering the possible severe bias due to different methodologies across published studies, we conclude that there is a need for further studies on larger cohorts and with greater statistical power. These should further clarify outcomes and suitable therapeutic dosages of MI and DCI, possibly based on each patient's clinical status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Paul
- a Independent Nutrition Research Consultant , Los Angeles, CA , USA
| | - Antonio Simone Laganà
- b Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "G. Barresi", University of Messina , Messina , Italy
| | - Paolo Maniglio
- c Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Urology, Sant'Andrea Hospital , Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy , and
| | - Onofrio Triolo
- b Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "G. Barresi", University of Messina , Messina , Italy
| | - David M Brady
- d Human Nutrition Institute, University of Bridgeport , Bridgeport, CT , USA
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11
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Thomas MP, Mills SJ, Potter BVL. The "Other" Inositols and Their Phosphates: Synthesis, Biology, and Medicine (with Recent Advances in myo-Inositol Chemistry). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:1614-50. [PMID: 26694856 PMCID: PMC5156312 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201502227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cell signaling via inositol phosphates, in particular via the second messenger myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, and phosphoinositides comprises a huge field of biology. Of the nine 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol isomers, myo-inositol is pre-eminent, with "other" inositols (cis-, epi-, allo-, muco-, neo-, L-chiro-, D-chiro-, and scyllo-) and derivatives rarer or thought not to exist in nature. However, neo- and d-chiro-inositol hexakisphosphates were recently revealed in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, thus highlighting the paucity of knowledge of the origins and potential biological functions of such stereoisomers, a prevalent group of environmental organic phosphates, and their parent inositols. Some "other" inositols are medically relevant, for example, scyllo-inositol (neurodegenerative diseases) and d-chiro-inositol (diabetes). It is timely to consider exploration of the roles and applications of the "other" isomers and their derivatives, likely by exploiting techniques now well developed for the myo series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P Thomas
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Stephen J Mills
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Barry V L Potter
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK.
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12
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Thomas MP, Mills SJ, Potter BVL. Die “anderen” Inositole und ihre Phosphate: Synthese, Biologie und Medizin (sowie jüngste Fortschritte in dermyo-Inositolchemie). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201502227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark P. Thomas
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology; University of Bath; Claverton Down Bath BA2 7AY Vereinigtes Königreich
| | - Stephen J. Mills
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology; University of Bath; Claverton Down Bath BA2 7AY Vereinigtes Königreich
| | - Barry V. L. Potter
- Department of Pharmacology; University of Oxford; Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3QT Vereinigtes Königreich
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13
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Chang HH, Chao HN, Walker CS, Choong SY, Phillips A, Loomes KM. Renal depletion of myo-inositol is associated with its increased degradation in animal models of metabolic disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2015; 309:F755-63. [DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00164.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal depletion of myo-inositol (MI) is associated with the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy in animal models, but the underlying mechanisms involved are unclear. We hypothesized that MI depletion was due to changes in inositol metabolism and therefore examined the expression of genes regulating de novo biosynthesis, reabsorption, and catabolism of MI. We also extended the analyses from diabetes mellitus to animal models of dietary-induced obesity and hypertension. We found that renal MI depletion was pervasive across these three distinct disease states in the relative order: hypertension (−51%) > diabetes mellitus (−35%) > dietary-induced obesity (−19%). In 4-wk diabetic kidneys and in kidneys derived from insulin-resistant and hypertensive rats, MI depletion was correlated with activity of the MI-degrading enzyme myo-inositol oxygenase (MIOX). By contrast, there was decreased MIOX expression in 8-wk diabetic kidneys. Immunohistochemistry localized the MI-degrading pathway comprising MIOX and the glucuronate-xylulose (GX) pathway to the proximal tubules within the renal cortex. These findings indicate that MI depletion could reflect increased catabolism through MIOX and the GX pathway and implicate a common pathological mechanism contributing to renal oxidative stress in metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- H.-H. Chang
- School of Biological Sciences and Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - H.-N. Chao
- School of Biological Sciences and Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - C. S. Walker
- School of Biological Sciences and Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - S.-Y. Choong
- School of Biological Sciences and Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - A. Phillips
- School of Biological Sciences and Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - K. M. Loomes
- School of Biological Sciences and Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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14
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Murphy A, Shamshirsaz A, Markovic D, Ostlund R, Koos B. Urinary Excretion of Myo-Inositol and D-Chiro-Inositol in Early Pregnancy Is Enhanced in Gravidas With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Reprod Sci 2015; 23:365-71. [DOI: 10.1177/1933719115602767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aisling Murphy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Amir Shamshirsaz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Daniela Markovic
- Department of Biomathematics, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Richard Ostlund
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Brian Koos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, California
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15
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Do KT, Kastenmüller G, Mook-Kanamori DO, Yousri NA, Theis FJ, Suhre K, Krumsiek J. Network-based approach for analyzing intra- and interfluid metabolite associations in human blood, urine, and saliva. J Proteome Res 2014; 14:1183-94. [PMID: 25434815 DOI: 10.1021/pr501130a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Most studies investigating human metabolomics measurements are limited to a single biofluid, most often blood or urine. An organism's biochemical pool, however, comprises complex transboundary relationships, which can only be understood by investigating metabolic interactions and physiological processes spanning multiple parts of the human body. Therefore, we here propose a data-driven network-based approach to generate an integrated picture of metabolomics associations over multiple fluids. We performed an analysis of 2251 metabolites measured in plasma, urine, and saliva, from 374 participants of the Qatar Metabolomics Study on Diabetes (QMDiab). Gaussian graphical models (GGMs) were used to estimate metabolite-metabolite interactions on different subsets of the data set. First, we compared similarities and differences of the metabolome and the association networks between the three fluids. Second, we investigated the cross-talk between the fluids by analyzing correlations occurring between them. Third, we propose a framework for the analysis of medically relevant phenotypes by integrating type 2 diabetes, sex, age, and body mass index into our networks. In conclusion, we present a generic, data-driven network-based approach for structuring and visualizing metabolite correlations within and between multiple body fluids, enabling unbiased interpretation of metabolomics multifluid data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieu Trinh Do
- Institute of Computational Biology and ‡Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Helmholtz-Zentrum München , D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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16
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Chang HH, Choong B, Phillips ARJ, Loomes KM. The diabetic rat kidney mediates inosituria and selective urinary partitioning of D-chiro-inositol. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2014; 240:8-14. [PMID: 25060739 DOI: 10.1177/1535370214543064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus with a pressing need for effective metabolic markers to detect renal impairment. Of potential significance are the inositol compounds, myo-inositol (MI), and the less abundant stereoisomer, D-chiro-inositol (DCI), which are excreted at increased levels in the urine in diabetes mellitus, a phenomenon known as inosituria. There is also a selective urinary excretion of DCI compared to MI. As the biological origins of altered inositol metabolism in diabetes mellitus are unknown, the aim of this study was to determine whether the diabetic kidney was directly responsible. Kidneys isolated from four-week streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were characterized by a 3-fold reduction in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) compared to matched non-diabetic kidneys. When perfused with fixed quantities of MI (50 µM) and DCI (5 µM) under normoglycemic conditions (5 mM glucose), GFR-normalized urinary excretion of MI was increased by 1.7-fold in diabetic vs. non-diabetic kidneys. By comparison, GFR-normalized urinary excretion of DCI was increased by 4-fold. Perfusion conditions replicating hyperglycemia (20 mM glucose) potentiated DCI but not MI urinary excretion in both non-diabetic and diabetic kidneys. Overall, there was a 2.4-fold increase in DCI urinary excretion compared to MI in diabetic kidneys that was independent of glucose ambience. This increased urinary excretion of DCI and MI in diabetic kidneys occurred despite increased renal expression of the inositol transporters, sodium myo-inositol transporter subtype 1 and 2 (SMIT1 and SMIT2). These findings show that the diabetic kidney primarily mediates inosituria and altered urinary partitioning of MI and DCI. Urinary inositol levels might therefore serve as an indicator of impaired renal function in diabetes mellitus with wider implications for monitoring chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Han Chang
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Bernard Choong
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Anthony R J Phillips
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1010, New Zealand Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1010, New Zealand Department of Surgery, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Kerry M Loomes
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1010, New Zealand Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
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17
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Abstract
Inositol is a cyclic sugar alcohol which occurs naturally in a variety of stereoisomers, the most common of which is myo-inositol. Inositol phosphoglycan molecules have been isolated from mammalian tissues and are a major component of the intracellular mediators of insulin action. The fetus with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) activates a series of adaptive mechanisms to increase the chances for survival, such as a saving of glucose to ensure nutrition of the vital organs, with a consequent reduction in insulin secretion. It can be hypothesized that the reduced production of fetal insulin leads to an excretion of inositol from the intracellular to the extracellular compartment, with a consequent increase of the metabolite in plasma and urine and a decrease inside the cells. Recently, reports suggesting that the increase in extracellular myo-inositol may be a valid marker of an altered glucose metabolism during fetal development in IUGR have been published.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dessì
- Department of Surgery Science, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puericulture Institute and Neonatal Section, University of Cagliari , Italy
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18
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D-Pinitol andmyo-Inositol Stimulate Translocation of Glucose Transporter 4 in Skeletal Muscle of C57BL/6 Mice. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 74:1062-7. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.90963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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19
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Fortis-Barrera Á, Alarcón-Aguilar FJ, Banderas-Dorantes T, Díaz-Flores M, Román-Ramos R, Cruz M, García-Macedo R. C
ucurbita ficifolia Bouché (Cucurbitaceae) and D-chiro-inositol modulate the redox state and inflammation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. J Pharm Pharmacol 2013; 65:1563-76. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Cucurbita ficifolia (characterised by its D chiro inositol (DCI) content) and of synthetic DCI on the redox state, mRNA expression and secretions of proinflammatory cytokines. Additionally, we evaluated the insulin-mimetic action of both treatments by assessing protein kinase B (PKB) activation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
Methods
Adipocytes were treated with C. ficifolia and synthetic DCI. The redox state was determined by spectrophotometry as changes in the reduced glutathione/oxidised glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities; H2O2 levels were measured by flow cytometry. The mRNA expression and the protein level of cytokines were determinate by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. The activation of PKB activation was detected by Western blot.
Key findings
C. ficifolia extract and synthetic DCI reduced oxidative stress by decreased H2O2 levels, increased glutathione peroxidase activity and changes in the GSH/GSSG ratio. Furthermore, DCI decreased the mRNA expression and secretion of tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin 6 (IL-6) and resistin, while C. ficifolia reduced protein levels of resistin and increased IL-6 levels. Only DCI demonstrated insulin-mimetic action.
Conclusions
The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of C. ficifolia extract can be explained in part by its DCI content, which modulates the GSH/GSSG ratio and contributes to a reduced proinflammatory state. C. ficifolia and DCI treatments may reduce the disturbances caused by oxidative stress. Additionally, DCI may improve insulin sensitivity through its insulin-mimetic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángeles Fortis-Barrera
- Posgrade in Experimental Biology, Division of Health and Biological Sciences, Metropolitan Autonomous University of Iztapalapa, Doctores, Mexico DF, Mexico
- Department of Health Sciences, Division of Health and Biological Sciences, Metropolitan Autonomous University of Iztapalapa, Doctores, Mexico DF, Mexico
- Unit of Medical Investigation in Biochemistry, Hospital of Specialties, CMNSXXI, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Doctores, Mexico DF, Mexico
| | - Francisco Javier Alarcón-Aguilar
- Department of Health Sciences, Division of Health and Biological Sciences, Metropolitan Autonomous University of Iztapalapa, Doctores, Mexico DF, Mexico
| | - Tania Banderas-Dorantes
- Department of Health Sciences, Division of Health and Biological Sciences, Metropolitan Autonomous University of Iztapalapa, Doctores, Mexico DF, Mexico
| | - Margarita Díaz-Flores
- Unit of Medical Investigation in Biochemistry, Hospital of Specialties, CMNSXXI, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Doctores, Mexico DF, Mexico
| | - Rubén Román-Ramos
- Department of Health Sciences, Division of Health and Biological Sciences, Metropolitan Autonomous University of Iztapalapa, Doctores, Mexico DF, Mexico
| | - Miguel Cruz
- Unit of Medical Investigation in Biochemistry, Hospital of Specialties, CMNSXXI, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Doctores, Mexico DF, Mexico
| | - Rebeca García-Macedo
- Unit of Medical Investigation in Biochemistry, Hospital of Specialties, CMNSXXI, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Doctores, Mexico DF, Mexico
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20
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Yi H, Yi L, He R, Lv Q, Ren X, Zhang Z, Liang Y, He J. Dynamic Metabolic Profiling of Urine From Type 2 Diabetic KK-Ay Mice Treated with Repaglinide by GC-MS. ANAL LETT 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2012.677977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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21
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Choi SA, Suh HJ, Yun JW, Choi JW. Differential gene expression in pancreatic tissues of streptozocin-induced diabetic rats and genetically-diabetic mice in response to hypoglycemic dipeptide cyclo (His-Pro) treatment. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 39:8821-35. [PMID: 22707198 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-1746-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic studies are mostly interested in gene expression in the pancreas, the site of insulin secretion that regulates blood glucose levels. However, a single gene approach has been ruled out for many years in discovering new genes or the molecular networks involved in the induction process of diabetes. To understand the molecular mechanisms by which cyclo (His-Pro) (CHP) affects amelioration of diabetes mellitus, we performed gene expression profiling in the pancreatic tissues of two diabetic animal models, streptozocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats (T1DM) and genetically-diabetic (C57BL/6J ob/ob) mice (T2DM). To understand the healing process of these diabetic rodents, we examined the effects of CHP on various gene expression in pancreatic tissues of both animal models. Our microarray analysis revealed that a total of 1,175 genes were down-regulated and 629 genes were up-regulated in response to STZ treatment, and the altered expression levels of numerous genes were restored to normal state upon CHP treatment. In particular, 476 genes showed significantly altered gene expression upon CHP treatment. In a functional classification, 7,198 genes were counted as differentially expressed in pancreatic tissues of STZ- and CHP-treated rats compared with control, whereas 1,534 genes were restored to normal states by CHP treatment. Microarray data demonstrated for the first time that overexpression of the genes encoding IL-1 receptor, lipid metabolic enzymes (e.g. Mte1, Ptdss1, and Sult2a1), myo-inositol oxygenase, glucagon, and somatostatin as well as down-regulation of olfactory receptor 984 and mitochondrial ribosomal protein, which are highly linked to T1DM etiology. In genetically-diabetic mice, 4,384 genes were altered in gene expression by more than 2-fold compared to the control mice, when counted differentially expressed. In genetically-diabetic mice, 4,384 genes altered in expression by higher than 2-fold were counted as differentially expressed genes in pancreatic tissues of CHP-treated mice. On the other hand, 2,140 genes were up-regulated and 2,244 genes were down-regulated by CHP treatment. The results of the microarray analysis revealed that up-regulation of IL-2, IL12a, and leptin receptor and down-regulation of PIK3 played important physiological roles in the onset of T2DM. In conclusion, we hypothesize that CHP accelerates alterations of gene expression in ameliorating diabetes and antagonizes those that induces the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Ah Choi
- Department of Bioindustry, Daegu University, Kyungsan, Kyungbuk 712-714, Republic of Korea
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22
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Shen H, Shao M, Cho KW, Wang S, Chen Z, Sheng L, Wang T, Liu Y, Rui L. Herbal constituent sequoyitol improves hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance by targeting hepatocytes, adipocytes, and β-cells. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2012; 302:E932-40. [PMID: 22297305 PMCID: PMC3330724 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00479.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes increases rapidly; however, treatments are limited. Various herbal extracts have been reported to reduce blood glucose in animals with either genetic or dietary type 2 diabetes; however, plant extracts are extremely complex, and leading compounds remain largely unknown. Here we show that 5-O-methyl-myo-inositol (also called sequoyitol), a herbal constituent, exerts antidiabetic effects in mice. Sequoyitol was chronically administrated into ob/ob mice either orally or subcutaneously. Both oral and subcutaneous administrations of sequoyitol decreased blood glucose, improved glucose intolerance, and enhanced insulin signaling in ob/ob mice. Sequoyitol directly enhanced insulin signaling, including phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 and Akt, in both HepG2 cells (derived from human hepatocytes) and 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In agreement, sequoyitol increased the ability of insulin to suppress glucose production in primary hepatocytes and to stimulate glucose uptake into primary adipocytes. Furthermore, sequoyitol improved insulin signaling in INS-1 cells (a rat β-cell line) and protected INS-1 cells from streptozotocin- or H₂O₂-induced injury. In mice with streptozotocin-induced β-cell deficiency, sequoyitol treatments increased plasma insulin levels and decreased hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance. These results indicate that sequoyitol, a natural, water-soluble small molecule, ameliorates hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance by increasing both insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion. Sequoyitol appears to directly target hepatocytes, adipocytes, and β-cells. Therefore, sequoyitol may serve as a new oral diabetes medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Shen
- Dept. of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, Univ. of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0622, USA
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23
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Nayak B, Kondeti VK, Xie P, Lin S, Viswakarma N, Raparia K, Kanwar YS. Transcriptional and post-translational modulation of myo-inositol oxygenase by high glucose and related pathobiological stresses. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:27594-611. [PMID: 21652700 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.217141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal-specific oxidoreductase/myo-inositol oxygenase (RSOR/MIOX) catabolizes myo-inositol and is implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. How high glucose (HG) ambience up-regulates its expression and enzyme activity was investigated. MIOX up-regulation was associated with an increase in enzyme activity, which was reduced to basal levels with phosphatase treatment. Using phosphothreonine, protein kinase A (PKA), and PKC substrate antibodies, analyses of kidney lysates of diabetic animals and LLC-PK1/HK-2 cells subjected to HG ambience indicated MIOX to be a phosphoprotein. Kinase phosphorylated recombinant RSOR/MIOX proteins had increased activity confined to exons 2-5. Mutants with substituted phosphorylation sites had a minimal increase in activity. Treatment of cells with PKC, PKA, and PDK1 kinase activators increased activity, whereas inhibitors reduced it. Inhibitors also reduced the phosphorylation and activity of MIOX induced by HG. Besides HG, exposure of cells to oxidants H(2)O(2) and methylglyoxal up-regulated MIOX expression and its phosphorylation and activity, whereas antioxidants N-acetylcysteine, β-naphthoflavone, and tertiary butyl hydroquinone reduced MIOX expression. Treatment with HG or oxidants or overexpression of MIOX induced nuclear translocation of redox-sensitive transcription factor Nrf2, which binds to antioxidant response elements of various promoters. Promoter analyses revealed an increase in luciferase activity with HG and oxidants. Analyses of antioxidant response elements and carbohydrate response elements revealed an accentuation of DNA-protein interactions with oxidants and under HG ambience. ChIP-PCR and immunofluorescence studies revealed nuclear translocation of carbohydrate response element-binding protein. These findings suggest that phosphorylation of RSOR/MIOX enhances its activity, which is augmented by HG via transcriptional/translational events that are also modulated by diabetes-related pathobiological stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baibaswata Nayak
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
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24
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MIKI Y, MORI A, HAYAKAWA N, NIKI T, ODA H, SAEKI K, SATO T, TAZAKI H, ISHIOKA K, ARAI T, SAKO T. Evaluation of Serum and Urine 1,5-Anhydro-D-Glucitol and Myo-Inositol Concentrations in Healthy Dogs. J Vet Med Sci 2011; 73:1117-26. [DOI: 10.1292/jvms.10-0372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yohei MIKI
- Department of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University
| | - Akihiro MORI
- Department of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University
| | - Noriyuki HAYAKAWA
- Department of Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University
| | - Tomoe NIKI
- Department of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University
| | - Hitomi ODA
- Department of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University
| | - Kaori SAEKI
- Department of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University
| | - Toko SATO
- Department of Veterinary Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University
| | - Hiroyuki TAZAKI
- Department of Veterinary Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University
| | - Katsumi ISHIOKA
- Department of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University
| | - Toshiro ARAI
- Department of Veterinary Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University
| | - Toshinori SAKO
- Department of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University
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25
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Yang B, Hodgkinson A, Millward BA, Demaine AG. Polymorphisms of myo-inositol oxygenase gene are associated with Type 1 diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Complications 2010; 24:404-8. [PMID: 19896870 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2009.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2009] [Accepted: 09/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Myo-inositol oxygenase (MIOX) is the first and rate-limiting enzyme in myo-inositol (MI) metabolism pathway. The increase in MIOX enzyme activity is in proportion to serum glucose concentrations and may be responsible for the MI depletion found in the diabetic complications. The aim was to investigate whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the MIOX gene are associated with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) and its complications. Four hundred thirty Caucasian patients with T1D were recruited: 172 patients had diabetic nephropathy, 140 had diabetic retinopathy/neuropathy, 118 patients had diabetes for ≥20 years without microvascular complications and 224 were normal controls. Three SNPs, rs761745 (C/T), and rs2232873 (A/G) in the promoter and rs1055271 (C/G) in the 3'-untranslated were genotyped commercially. The frequencies of the CC genotype (0.36 vs. 0.44; P=.034) and C allele (0.60 vs. 0.68; P=.011) of rs761745 were significantly lower in patients with T1D compared with normal controls. Patients with T1D had a decreased frequency of the combination genotypes of CC (rs761745), GG (rs2232873) and GC (rs1055271) compared with the normal controls (0.13 vs. 0.22, P=.0027, Pc=0.014). The haplotypes with C/G/G and C/G/C were less common in patients with T1D compared to normal controls (0.59 vs. 0.70, P=.021) and the haplotypes with T/G/C and T/G/G ware more common in patients with T1D compared to normal controls (0.37 vs. 0.26; P=.021). In summary, our results demonstrated that the polymorphism (rs761745) in the promoter region of MIOX gene may be associated with the development of T1D in our studied population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingmei Yang
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Peninsula Medical School, Tamar Science Park, PL6 8BU Plymouth, UK.
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Metabolomics reveals relationship between plasma inositols and birth weight: possible markers for fetal programming of type 2 diabetes. J Biomed Biotechnol 2010; 2011. [PMID: 20814537 PMCID: PMC2931387 DOI: 10.1155/2011/378268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2010] [Revised: 04/20/2010] [Accepted: 06/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies in man and with experimental animal models have shown that intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) resulting in low birth weight is associated with higher risk of programming welfare diseases in later life. In the pig, severe IUGR occurs naturally and contribute substantially to a large intralitter variation in birth weight and may therefore be a good model for man. In the present paper the natural form of IUGR in pigs was studied close to term by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR-)based metabolomics. The NMR-based investigations revealed different metabolic profiles of plasma samples from low-birth weight (LW) and high-birth weight (HW) piglets, respectively, and differences were assigned to levels of glucose and myo-inositol. Further studies by GC-MS revealed that LW piglets had a significant higher concentration of myoinositol and D-chiro-inositol in plasma compared to larger littermates. Myo-inositol and D-chiro-inositol have been coupled with glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in adults, and the present paper therefore suggests that IUGR is related to impaired glucose metabolism during fetal development, which may cause type 2 diabetes in adulthood.
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New hypotheses for the health-protective mechanisms of whole-grain cereals: what is beyond fibre? Nutr Res Rev 2010; 23:65-134. [PMID: 20565994 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422410000041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 593] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have clearly shown that whole-grain cereals can protect against obesity, diabetes, CVD and cancers. The specific effects of food structure (increased satiety, reduced transit time and glycaemic response), fibre (improved faecal bulking and satiety, viscosity and SCFA production, and/or reduced glycaemic response) and Mg (better glycaemic homeostasis through increased insulin secretion), together with the antioxidant and anti-carcinogenic properties of numerous bioactive compounds, especially those in the bran and germ (minerals, trace elements, vitamins, carotenoids, polyphenols and alkylresorcinols), are today well-recognised mechanisms in this protection. Recent findings, the exhaustive listing of bioactive compounds found in whole-grain wheat, their content in whole-grain, bran and germ fractions and their estimated bioavailability, have led to new hypotheses. The involvement of polyphenols in cell signalling and gene regulation, and of sulfur compounds, lignin and phytic acid should be considered in antioxidant protection. Whole-grain wheat is also a rich source of methyl donors and lipotropes (methionine, betaine, choline, inositol and folates) that may be involved in cardiovascular and/or hepatic protection, lipid metabolism and DNA methylation. Potential protective effects of bound phenolic acids within the colon, of the B-complex vitamins on the nervous system and mental health, of oligosaccharides as prebiotics, of compounds associated with skeleton health, and of other compounds such as alpha-linolenic acid, policosanol, melatonin, phytosterols and para-aminobenzoic acid also deserve to be studied in more depth. Finally, benefits of nutrigenomics to study complex physiological effects of the 'whole-grain package', and the most promising ways for improving the nutritional quality of cereal products are discussed.
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Xie P, Sun L, Oates PJ, Srivastava SK, Kanwar YS. Pathobiology of renal-specific oxidoreductase/myo-inositol oxygenase in diabetic nephropathy: its implications in tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2010; 298:F1393-404. [PMID: 20335317 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00137.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal-specific oxido-reductase/myoinositol oxygenase (RSOR/MIOX) is expressed in renal tubules. It catabolizes myo-inositol and its expression is increased in diabetic mice and in LLC-PK(1) cells under high-glucose ambience. Aldose reductase (AR) is another aldo-keto reductase that is expressed in renal tubules. It regulates the polyol pathway and plays an important role in glucose metabolism, osmolyte regulation, and ECM pathobiology via the generation of advanced glycation end products, reactive oxygen species, and activation of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta. In view of the similarities between AR and RSOR/MIOX, the pathobiology of RSOR/MIOX and some of the cellular pathways affected by its overexpression were investigated. An increased expression of fibronectin was noted by transfection of LLC-PK(1) cells with pcDNA3.1-RSOR/MIOX. Similar changes were observed in LLC-PK(1) cells under high-glucose ambience, and they were notably lessened by RSOR/MIOX-small interfering (si) RNA treatment. The changes in tubulointerstitial fibronectin expression were also observed in the kidneys of db/db mice having high levels of RSOR. The pcDNA3.1-RSOR/MIOX transfectants had an increased NADH/NAD(+) ratio, PKC and TGF-beta activity, Raf1:Ras association, and p-ERK phosphorylation. These changes were significantly reduced by the inhibitors of PKC, aldose reductase, Ras farnesylation, and MEK1. Similar increases in various the above-noted parameters were observed under high-glucose ambience. Such changes were partially reversed with RSOR-siRNA treatment. Expression of E-cadherin and vimentin paralleled in cells overexpressing RSOR/MIOX or subjected to high-glucose ambience. These studies suggest that RSOR/MIOX modulates various downstream pathways affected by high-glucose ambience, and conceivably it plays a role in the pathobiology of tubulointerstitium in diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Xie
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine, FSM, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
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Expression of inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate 5/6-kinase (ITPK1) and its role in neural tube defects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 50:365-72. [PMID: 19914276 DOI: 10.1016/j.advenzreg.2009.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Abstract
d-chiro-inositol (DCI) and pinitol (1d-3-O-methyl-chiro-inositol) are distinctive inositols reported to possess insulin-mimetic properties. DCI-containing compounds are abundant in common laboratory animal feed. By GC-MS of 6 m-HCl hydrolysates, Purina Laboratory Rodent Diet 5001 (diet 5001) contained 0.23 % total DCI by weight with most found in the lucerne and soya meal components. In contrast, only traces of l-chiro-inositol were observed. The DCI moiety was present in a water-soluble non-ionic form of which most was shown to be pinitol. To measure the absorption of dietary inositols, rats were fed diet 5001 in a balance study or given purified pinitol or [2H6]DCI. More than 98 % of the total DCI fed to rats as diet 5001, purified pinitol or [2H6]DCI was absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Rats chronically on diet 5001 consumed 921 mumol total DCI/kg body weight per d but excreted less than 5.3 % in the stools and urine, suggesting that the bulk was metabolised. The levels of pinitol or DCI in plasma, stools or urine remained relatively stable in mice fed Purina PicoLab Rodent Diet 20 5053 over a 5-week period, whereas these values declined to very low levels in mice fed a pinitol/DCI-deficient chemically defined diet. To test whether DCI was synthesised or converted from myo-inositol, mice were treated with heavy water or [2H6]myo-inositol. DCI was neither synthesised endogenously from 2H-labelled water nor converted from [2H6]myo-inositol. DCI and pinitol in rodents appear to be derived solely from the diet.
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Fenili D, Brown M, Rappaport R, McLaurin J. Properties of scyllo–inositol as a therapeutic treatment of AD-like pathology. J Mol Med (Berl) 2007; 85:603-11. [PMID: 17279347 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-007-0156-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2006] [Revised: 12/21/2006] [Accepted: 12/27/2006] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Inositol is a simple polyol with eight naturally occurring stereoisomers. myo-Inositol, D-chiro- and epi-inositol have been examined as potential therapeutic agents for various diseases, with favorable results, but treatment with scyllo-inositol has not been previously investigated. Our laboratory has shown that scyllo-inositol inhibits cognitive deficits in TgCRND8 mice and significantly ameliorates disease pathology, suggesting it might be effective in treating Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this paper, we show that scyllo-inositol has a sustained ability to treat animals at advanced stages of AD-like pathology. Significant decreases in insoluble Abeta40, Abeta42, and plaque accumulation were observed in the brains of treated versus untreated TgCRND8 mice. The growth of plaques of all sizes was inhibited by scyllo-inositol administration. To demonstrate that the scyllo-inositol effects were within the CNS, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry was used to examine myo- and scyllo-inositol concentrations after oral administration. Further, we examined how closely scyllo- and myo-inositol are inter-regulated in the CNS and whether scyllo-inositol, if elevated within the CNS, would incorporate into phosphatidylinositol lipids. Cerebral spinal fluid levels of scyllo-inositol increased after scyllo-inositol treatment but not myo-inositol treatment. scyllo-Inositol treatment also caused increased levels of scyllo-inositol in the brain. We further show that scyllo-inositol, even at elevated levels, does not incorporate into the phosphatidylinositol family of lipids. These combined results demonstrate that scyllo-inositol accumulates within the CNS up to tenfold endogenous levels and does not interfere with phosphatidylinositol lipid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Fenili
- Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H2, Canada
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Brown PM, Caradoc-Davies TT, Dickson JMJ, Cooper GJS, Loomes KM, Baker EN. Crystal structure of a substrate complex of myo-inositol oxygenase, a di-iron oxygenase with a key role in inositol metabolism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:15032-7. [PMID: 17012379 PMCID: PMC1622774 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0605143103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered metabolism of the inositol sugars myo-inositol (MI) and d-chiro-inositol is implicated in diabetic complications. In animals, catabolism of MI and D-chiro-inositol depends on the enzyme MI oxygenase (MIOX), which catalyzes the first committed step of the glucuronate-xylulose pathway, and is found almost exclusively in the kidneys. The crystal structure of MIOX, in complex with MI, has been determined by multiwavelength anomalous diffraction methods and refined at 2.0-A resolution (R=0.206, Rfree=0.253). The structure reveals a monomeric, single-domain protein with a mostly helical fold that is distantly related to the diverse HD domain superfamily. Five helices form the structural core and provide six ligands (four His and two Asp) for the di-iron center, in which the two iron atoms are bridged by a putative hydroxide ion and one of the Asp ligands, Asp-124. A key loop forms a lid over the MI substrate, which is coordinated in bidentate mode to one iron atom. It is proposed that this mode of iron coordination, and interaction with a key Lys residue, activate MI for bond cleavage. The structure also reveals the basis of substrate specificity and suggests routes for the development of specific MIOX inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M. Brown
- *Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery
- School of Biological Sciences, and
| | - Tom T. Caradoc-Davies
- *Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery
- School of Biological Sciences, and
| | - James M. J. Dickson
- *Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery
- School of Biological Sciences, and
| | - Garth J. S. Cooper
- *Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery
- School of Biological Sciences, and
| | - Kerry M. Loomes
- *Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery
- School of Biological Sciences, and
| | - Edward N. Baker
- *Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery
- School of Biological Sciences, and
- Department of Chemistry, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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Kanwar YS, Akagi S, Nayak B, Sun L, Wada J, Xie P, Thakur A, Chugh SS, Danesh FR. Renal-specific oxidoreductase biphasic expression under high glucose ambience during fetal versus neonatal development. Kidney Int 2005; 68:1670-83. [PMID: 16164644 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.00611.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal-specific oxidoreductase (RSOR) has been recently identified in mice kidneys of diabetic animals, and it is developmentally regulated. Its expression during fetal, neonatal, and postnatal periods was assessed under high glucose ambience. METHODS Whole-mount immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy were performed to assess the effect of high glucose on the morphogenesis of mice fetal kidneys. RSOR mRNA and protein expression was assessed by competitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunoprecipitation methods in embryonic kidneys (day E13 to E17) subjected to high glucose ambience and by Northern and Western blot analyses of kidneys of newborn and 1-week-old mice with hyperglycemia. The spatiotemporal changes in the RSOR expression were assessed by in situ hybridization analyses and immunofluorescence microscopy. In addition, the extent of apoptosis in the kidneys was determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate (dUTP) nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay. RESULTS Whole-mount microscopy of the embryonic metanephroi revealed a dose-dependent disruption in the ureteric bud iterations with reduced population of the nascent nephrons. Both gene and protein expressions were reduced in day E13 to E17 metanephroi, while increased in kidneys of newborn and 1-week-old mice. In day E13 and day E15 kidneys, the RSOR was expressed in the ureteric bud branches and some of the immature tubules, and its expression was reduced with high glucose treatment. In day E17 kidneys the RSOR was expressed in the tubules of the deeper cortex, and its expression was marginally decreased. In newborn kidneys, this enzyme was expressed in the subcortical tubules and it spread to the entire width of the renal cortex in hyperglycemic state. In 1-week-old mice kidneys, the RSOR was localized to the entire cortex, and in animals with blood glucose above 300 mg/dL, its intensity increased with extension of expression into the outer medullary tubules. A dose-dependent fulminant apoptosis was observed in day E13 to E17 kidneys subjected to high glucose ambience. In newborn and 1-week-old mice control kidneys, the apoptosis was minimal although slightly increased during hyperglycemia. CONCLUSION High glucose has a differential effect on the RSOR expression in kidneys during the embryonic versus neonatal/postnatal period. This may partly be related to the differential degree of apoptosis, a process reflective of oxidant stress that is seen in diabetic milieu, which as previously has been shown to adversely effect the modulators of fetal development and thereby the morphogenesis of the kidney and RSOR expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashpal S Kanwar
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.
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Nayak B, Xie P, Akagi S, Yang Q, Sun L, Wada J, Thakur A, Danesh FR, Chugh SS, Kanwar YS. Modulation of renal-specific oxidoreductase/myo-inositol oxygenase by high-glucose ambience. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005; 102:17952-7. [PMID: 16330753 PMCID: PMC1312416 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0509089102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2005] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological properties of renal-specific oxidoreductase (RSOR), characteristics of its promoter, and underlying mechanisms regulating its expression in diabetes were analyzed. RSOR expression, normally confined to the renal cortex, was markedly increased and extended into the outer medullary tubules in db/db mice, a model of type 2 diabetes. Exposure of LLCPK cells to d-glucose resulted in a dose-dependent increase in RSOR expression and its enzymatic activity. The latter was related to one of the glycolytic enzymes, myo-inositol oxygenase. The increase in activity was in proportion to serum glucose concentration. The RSOR expression also increased in cells treated with various organic osmolytes, e.g., sorbitol, myoinositol, and glycerolphosphoryl-choline and H(2)O(2). Basal promoter activity was confined to -1,252 bp upstream of ATG, and it increased with the treatment of high glucose and osmolytes. EMSAs indicated an increased binding activity with osmotic-, carbohydrate-, and oxidant-response elements in cells treated with high glucose and was abolished by competitors. Supershifts, detected by anti-nuclear factor of activated T cells, and carbohydrate-response-element-binding protein established the binding specificity. Nuclear factor of activated T cells tonicity-enhancer-binding protein and carbohydrate-response-element-binding protein had increased nuclear expression in cells treated with high glucose. The activity of osmotic-response element exhibited a unique alternate binding pattern, as yet unreported in osmoregulatory genes. Data indicate that RSOR activity is modulated by diverse mechanisms, and it is endowed with dual properties to channel glucose intermediaries, characteristic of hepatic aldehyde reductases, and to maintain osmoregulation, a function of renal medullary genes, e.g., aldose reductase, in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baibaswata Nayak
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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Wiernsperger NF. Is non-insulin dependent glucose uptake a therapeutic alternative? Part 1: physiology, mechanisms and role of non insulin-dependent glucose uptake in type 2 diabetes. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2005; 31:415-26. [PMID: 16357785 DOI: 10.1016/s1262-3636(07)70212-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Several decades of research for treating type 2 diabetes have yielded new drugs but the actual experience with the available oral antidiabetic compounds clearly shows that therapeutic needs are not matched. This highlights the urgent need for exploring other pathways. All cell types have the capacity to take up glucose independently of insulin, whereby basal but also hyperglycaemia-promoted glucose supply is ensured. Although poorly explored, insulin-independent glucose uptake might nevertheless represent a therapeutic target, as an alternative to the clear limits of actual drug treatments. This review not only critically examines some major pathways not requiring insulin (although they may be influenced by the hormone) but importantly, this analysis extends to the clinical applicability of these potential therapeutic principles by also considering their predictable tolerability for long-term therapy. In particular vascular safety (the ultimate problem linked with diabetes) will be envisaged because of the ubiquitous distribution of glucose transporters and some linked mechanisms. Several mechanisms can be identified which do not require insulin for their functioning. The first part of this review deals with the description, the regulation and the limits of some mechanisms representing potential pharmacological targets capable of having a highly significant impact on glucose uptake. These selected topics are: a) unmasking and/or activation of glucose transporters in cell plasma membranes, b) insulin mimetics acting at postreceptor level, c) activation of AMPK, d) increasing nitric oxide and e) increasing glucose-6P and glycogen stores.
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Affiliation(s)
- N F Wiernsperger
- INSERM UMR 585, Bâtiment Louis Pasteur, INSA Lyon, Cedex, France.
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Kawa JM, Taylor CG, Przybylski R. Buckwheat concentrate reduces serum glucose in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2003; 51:7287-7291. [PMID: 14640572 DOI: 10.1021/jf0302153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The antihyperglycemic effects of chemically synthesized d-chiro-inositol (d-CI), a component of an insulin mediator, have been demonstrated in rats. Buckwheat contains relatively high levels of d-CI: thus, it has been proposed as a source of d-CI for reducing serum glucose concentrations in diabetics. The present study evaluates the effects of a buckwheat concentrate, containing d-CI, on hyperglycemia and glucose tolerance in streptozotocin (STZ) rats. In fed STZ rats, both doses of the buckwheat concentrate (containing 10 and 20 mg of d-CI/kg of body weight) were effective for lowering serum glucose concentrations by 12-19% at 90 and 120 min after administration. Findings from this study demonstrate that a buckwheat concentrate is an effective source of d-CI for lowering serum glucose concentrations in rats and therefore may be useful in the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianne M Kawa
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, H505 Duff Roblin Building, 190 Dysart Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2
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