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Hossain MZ, Kitagawa J. Transient receptor potential channels as an emerging therapeutic target for oropharyngeal dysphagia. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2023; 59:421-430. [PMID: 38022386 PMCID: PMC10665593 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Oropharyngeal dysphagia is a serious health concern in older adults and patients with neurological disorders. Current oropharyngeal dysphagia management largely relies on compensatory strategies with limited efficacy. A long-term goal in swallowing/dysphagia-related research is the identification of pharmacological treatment strategies for oropharyngeal dysphagia. In recent decades, several pre-clinical and clinical studies have investigated the use of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels as a therapeutic target to facilitate swallowing. Various TRP channels are present in regions involved in the swallowing process. Animal studies have shown that local activation of these channels by their pharmacological agonists initiates swallowing reflexes; the number of reflexes increases when the dose of the agonist reaches a particular level. Clinical studies, including randomized clinical trials involving patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia, have demonstrated improved swallowing efficacy, safety, and physiology when TRP agonists are mixed with the food bolus. Additionally, there is evidence of plasticity development in swallowing-related neuronal networks in the brain upon TRP channel activation in peripheral swallowing-related regions. Thus, TRP channels have emerged as a promising target for the development of pharmacological treatments for oropharyngeal dysphagia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zakir Hossain
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Japan
| | - Junichi Kitagawa
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Japan
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2
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Tsuchiya H. COVID-19 Oral Sequelae: Persistent Gustatory and Saliva Secretory Dysfunctions after Recovery from COVID-19. Med Princ Pract 2023; 32:166-177. [PMID: 37271130 PMCID: PMC10601698 DOI: 10.1159/000531373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diverse manifestations have been recognized to last for a long time in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. However, understanding of oral sequelae after recovery from COVID-19 is relatively poor compared to that of oral symptoms in the acute phase of COVID-19 and other COVID-19 sequelae. The aim of the present study was to characterize persistent gustatory and saliva secretory dysfunctions and to speculate on their pathogenic mechanisms. Articles were retrieved by searching scientific databases with a cutoff date of September 30, 2022. The literature search indicated that ageusia/dysgeusia and xerostomia/dry mouth are reported by 1-45% of COVID-19 survivors at follow-ups of 21-365 days and by 2-40% of COVID-19 survivors at follow-ups of 28-230 days, respectively. The prevalence of gustatory sequelae partly depends on difference in ethnicity, gender, age, and disease severity of subjects. Co-occurring gustatory and saliva secretory sequelae are pathogenically related to either or both of the following: expression of SARS-CoV-2 cellular entry-relevant receptors in taste buds and salivary glands, and SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced deficiency in zinc that is essential for normality of taste perception and saliva secretion. Given the long-term oral sequelae, hospital discharge is not the end of the disease; therefore, careful attention should be continuously paid to oral conditions of post-COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Tsuchiya
- Department of Dental Basic Education, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Mizuho, Japan
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3
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Oto T, Urata K, Hayashi Y, Hitomi S, Shibuta I, Iwata K, Iinuma T, Shinoda M. Age-Related Differences in Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 and 2 Expression Patterns in the Trigeminal Ganglion Neurons Contribute to Changes in the Palatal Mucosal Heat Pain Sensitivity. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2022; 256:283-290. [PMID: 35296569 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.2022.j004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuki Oto
- Department of Complete Denture Prosthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Kentaro Urata
- Department of Complete Denture Prosthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | | | - Suzuro Hitomi
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Ikuko Shibuta
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Koichi Iwata
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Toshimitsu Iinuma
- Department of Complete Denture Prosthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry
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4
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Neural signalling of gut mechanosensation in ingestive and digestive processes. Nat Rev Neurosci 2022; 23:135-156. [PMID: 34983992 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-021-00544-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Eating and drinking generate sequential mechanosensory signals along the digestive tract. These signals are communicated to the brain for the timely initiation and regulation of diverse ingestive and digestive processes - ranging from appetite control and tactile perception to gut motility, digestive fluid secretion and defecation - that are vital for the proper intake, breakdown and absorption of nutrients and water. Gut mechanosensation has been investigated for over a century as a common pillar of energy, fluid and gastrointestinal homeostasis, and recent discoveries of specific mechanoreceptors, contributing ion channels and the well-defined circuits underlying gut mechanosensation signalling and function have further expanded our understanding of ingestive and digestive processes at the molecular and cellular levels. In this Review, we discuss our current understanding of the generation of mechanosensory signals from the digestive periphery, the neural afferent pathways that relay these signals to the brain and the neural circuit mechanisms that control ingestive and digestive processes, focusing on the four major digestive tract parts: the oral and pharyngeal cavities, oesophagus, stomach and intestines. We also discuss the clinical implications of gut mechanosensation in ingestive and digestive disorders.
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Shiiba Y, Takeda KI, Matsushima K. Effects of adding a commercial capsaicin fertilizer on the feeding behavior of sika deer (Cervus nippon). Anim Sci J 2021; 92:e13529. [PMID: 33682279 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the inhibitory effect of capsaicin fertilizer on feeding in deer. We tested four captive adult female deer. In Experiment 1, in addition to the treatment (intact) containing only a solid feed (HC), we mixed the fertilizer not containing capsaicin (F) or the capsaicin fertilizer (CF) in the solid feed. In addition, the solid feed was put on a wire net that capsaicin fertilizer was placed 5 cm below (SCF). We investigated their feeding behavior response. In Experiment 2, we changed the amount of substance (fertilizer and capsaicin fertilizer) mixed in the HC. We mixed different amounts (0, 50, 100, and 200 g) of the treatments other than the intact with HC and presented them to the deer, and investigated their feeding behavior response. In Experiment 1, intake in the F and CF decreased (p < .05). In Experiment 2, HC intake was significantly lower in the 100 and 200 g CF (p < .05). However, HC intake relatively increased by the last day in the CF 200 g too. The capsaicin fertilizer decreased the feeding behavior of deer by directly touching the mucous membranes of the deer nose and lips. However, the effects were decreased over time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ken-Ichi Takeda
- Institute of Agriculture, Academic Assembly, Shinshu University, Kamiina, Japan
| | - Kenichi Matsushima
- Institute of Agriculture, Academic Assembly, Shinshu University, Kamiina, Japan
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6
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Marquez-Romero JM, Huerta-Franco MR, Vargas-Luna M, Madrigal-Gutiérrez CA, Esparza-Hernández JM, Velázquez-Barcena MG. Dose Escalation and Safety of Capsaicin for Cerebral Perfusion Augmentation: A Pilot Study. Stroke 2021; 52:2203-2209. [PMID: 33966493 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.120.032773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Miguel Vargas-Luna
- Departamento de Ingeniería Física, División de Ciencias e Ingenierías (M.V.-L.), Universidad de Guanajuato, Mexico
| | | | | | - María Guadalupe Velázquez-Barcena
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social HGZ 2, Aguascalientes, Mexico (J.M.M.-R., C.A.M.-G., M.G.V.-B.).,Endocrinology Department, Centenario Hospital "Miguel Hidalgo," Aguascalientes, Mexico (M.G.V.-B.)
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7
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Houghton JW, Carpenter G, Hans J, Pesaro M, Lynham S, Proctor G. Agonists of Orally Expressed TRP Channels Stimulate Salivary Secretion and Modify the Salivary Proteome. Mol Cell Proteomics 2020; 19:1664-1676. [PMID: 32651226 PMCID: PMC8014997 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra120.002174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural compounds that can stimulate salivary secretion are of interest in developing treatments for xerostomia, the perception of a dry mouth, that affects between 10 and 30% of the adult and elderly population. Chemesthetic transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are expressed in the surface of the oral mucosa. The TRPV1 agonists capsaicin and piperine have been shown to increase salivary flow when introduced into the oral cavity but the sialogogic properties of other TRP channel agonists have not been investigated. In this study we have determined the influence of different TRP channel agonists on the flow and protein composition of saliva. Mouth rinsing with the TRPV1 agonist nonivamide or menthol, a TRPM8 agonist, increased whole mouth saliva (WMS) flow and total protein secretion compared with unstimulated saliva, the vehicle control mouth rinse or cinnamaldehyde, a TRPA1 agonist. Nonivamide also increased the flow of labial minor gland saliva but parotid saliva flow rate was not increased. The influence of TRP channel agonists on the composition and function of the salivary proteome was investigated using a multi-batch quantitative MS method novel to salivary proteomics. Inter-personal and inter-mouth rinse variation was observed in the secreted proteomes and, using a novel bioinformatics method, inter-day variation was identified with some of the mouth rinses. Significant changes in specific salivary proteins were identified after all mouth rinses. In the case of nonivamide, these changes were attributed to functional shifts in the WMS secreted, primarily the over representation of salivary and nonsalivary cystatins which was confirmed by immunoassay. This study provides new evidence of the impact of TRP channel agonists on the salivary proteome and the stimulation of salivary secretion by a TRPM8 channel agonist, which suggests that TRP channel agonists are potential candidates for developing treatments for sufferers of xerostomia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack William Houghton
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Guy Carpenter
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Steven Lynham
- Proteomics Facility, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Gordon Proctor
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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8
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Takahashi N, Tsuzuno T, Mineo S, Yamada-Hara M, Aoki-Nonaka Y, Tabeta K. Epithelial TRPV1 channels: Expression, function, and pathogenicity in the oral cavity. J Oral Biosci 2020; 62:235-241. [DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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9
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Hossain MZ, Ando H, Unno S, Kitagawa J. Targeting Chemosensory Ion Channels in Peripheral Swallowing-Related Regions for the Management of Oropharyngeal Dysphagia. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6214. [PMID: 32867366 PMCID: PMC7503421 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oropharyngeal dysphagia, or difficulty in swallowing, is a major health problem that can lead to serious complications, such as pulmonary aspiration, malnutrition, dehydration, and pneumonia. The current clinical management of oropharyngeal dysphagia mainly focuses on compensatory strategies and swallowing exercises/maneuvers; however, studies have suggested their limited effectiveness for recovering swallowing physiology and for promoting neuroplasticity in swallowing-related neuronal networks. Several new and innovative strategies based on neurostimulation in peripheral and cortical swallowing-related regions have been investigated, and appear promising for the management of oropharyngeal dysphagia. The peripheral chemical neurostimulation strategy is one of the innovative strategies, and targets chemosensory ion channels expressed in peripheral swallowing-related regions. A considerable number of animal and human studies, including randomized clinical trials in patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia, have reported improvements in the efficacy, safety, and physiology of swallowing using this strategy. There is also evidence that neuroplasticity is promoted in swallowing-related neuronal networks with this strategy. The targeting of chemosensory ion channels in peripheral swallowing-related regions may therefore be a promising pharmacological treatment strategy for the management of oropharyngeal dysphagia. In this review, we focus on this strategy, including its possible neurophysiological and molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zakir Hossain
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Gobara Hirooka, Shiojiri, Nagano 399-0781, Japan;
| | - Hiroshi Ando
- Department of Biology, School of Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Gobara, Hirooka, Shiojiri, Nagano 399-0781, Japan;
| | - Shumpei Unno
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Gobara Hirooka, Shiojiri, Nagano 399-0781, Japan;
| | - Junichi Kitagawa
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Gobara Hirooka, Shiojiri, Nagano 399-0781, Japan;
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10
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Berry DN, Simons CT. Assessing regional sensitivity and desensitization to capsaicin among oral cavity mucosae. Chem Senses 2020; 45:bjaa033. [PMID: 32478837 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjaa033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine perceptual response differences and characterize desensitization to capsaicin over time across several oral cavity mucosae- the tongue, cheek, hard palate, and lip. For each region, subjects rated the intensity of capsaicin and a vehicle control over a 10-minute period. Following a rest period, capsaicin was reapplied on each pretreated area and subjects indicated which side felt more irritated then rated each side every 30 seconds, over 3.5 minutes. Results from the initial task indicated significantly greater irritation on the tongue than hard palate, hard palate than cheek and lip, but no significant differences between the cheek and lip. Time to max intensity was delayed on the hard palate compared to the tongue, cheek, and lip. Desensitization, as indicated by a significant proportion of subjects choosing the vehicle-pretreated side over capsaicin-pretreated side as having stronger irritation, was exhibited on the tongue and hard palate, but not the cheek and lip. Given these data, a secondary experiment that utilized a higher capsaicin concentration was conducted on the cheek and lip only. Results showed significantly higher overall irritation on the lip than the cheek. Desensitization was exhibited on both areas, although the extent was greater on the lip. Based on differences in sensitivity and the extent of desensitization among these areas, these results indicate oral cavity mucosae respond to, but are impacted differently by, capsaicin exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danica N Berry
- Department of Food Science & Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Christopher T Simons
- Department of Food Science & Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
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11
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Kitsuki T, Yoshimoto RU, Aijima R, Hatakeyama J, Cao AL, Zhang JQ, Ohsaki Y, Mori Y, Kido MA. Enhanced junctional epithelial permeability in TRPV4-deficient mice. J Periodontal Res 2019; 55:51-60. [PMID: 31343743 PMCID: PMC7027751 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objective As the interface between the oral cavity and the teeth, the junctional epithelial barrier is critical for gingival defense. The junctional epithelium is subject to mechanical stresses from biting force or external insults such as bacterial attacks, but little is known about the effects of mechanical stimuli on epithelial functions. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) functions as a mechanosensitive nonselective cation channel. In the present study, based on marked expression of TRPV4 in the mouse junctional epithelium, we aimed to clarify the putative links between TRPV4 and junctional complexes in the junctional epithelium. Methods and Results Histological observations revealed that the junctional epithelium in TRPV4‐deficient (TRPV4−/−) mice had wider intercellular spaces than that in wild‐type (TRPV4+/+) mice. Exogenous tracer penetration in the junctional epithelium was greater in TRPV4−/− mice than in TRPV4+/+ mice, and immunoreactivity for adherens junction proteins was suppressed in TRPV4−/− mice compared with TRPV4+/+ mice. Analysis of a mouse periodontitis model showed greater bone volume loss in TRPV4−/− mice compared with TRPV4+/+ mice, indicating that an epithelial barrier deficiency in TRPV4−/− mice may be associated with periodontal complications. Conclusion The present findings identify a crucial role for TRPV4 in the formation of adherens junctions in the junctional epithelium, which could regulate its permeability. TRPV4 may be a candidate pharmacological target to combat periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Kitsuki
- Molecular Cell Biology and Oral Anatomy, Graduate School of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Reiko U Yoshimoto
- Division of Histology and Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Reona Aijima
- Division of Histology and Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Junko Hatakeyama
- Molecular Cell Biology and Oral Anatomy, Graduate School of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontology, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ai-Lin Cao
- Division of Histology and Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Jing-Qi Zhang
- Molecular Cell Biology and Oral Anatomy, Graduate School of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuyoshi Ohsaki
- Division of Histology and Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Mori
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mizuho A Kido
- Division of Histology and Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
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12
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Nakaniwa M, Kawasaki M, Kawasaki K, Yamada A, Meguro F, Takeyasu M, Ohazama A. Primary cilia in murine palatal rugae development. Gene Expr Patterns 2019; 34:119062. [PMID: 31226309 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2019.119062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Periodic patterning of iterative structures is a fundamental process during embryonic development, since these structures are diverse across the animal kingdom. Therefore, elucidating the molecular mechanisms in the formation of these structures promotes understanding of the process of organogenesis. Periodically patterned ridges, palatal rugae (situated on the hard palate of mammals), are an excellent experimental model to clarify the molecular mechanisms involved in the formation of periodic patterning of iterative structures. Primary cilia are involved in many biological events, including the regulation of signaling pathways such as Shh and non-canonical Wnt signaling. However, the role of primary cilia in the development of palatal rugae remains unclear. We found that primary cilia were localized to the oral cavity side of the interplacode epithelium of the palatal rugae, whereas restricted localization of primary cilia could not be detected in other regions. Next, we generated mice with a placodal conditional deletion of the primary cilia protein Ift88, using ShhCre mice (Ift88 fl/fl;ShhCre). Highly disorganized palatal rugae were observed in Ift88 fl/fl;ShhCre mice. Furthermore, by comparative in situ hybridization analysis, many Shh and non-canonical Wnt signaling-related molecules showed spatiotemporal expression patterns during palatal rugae development, including restricted expression in the epithelium (placodes and interplacodes) and mesenchyme. Some of these expression were found to be altered in Ift88 fl/fl;ShhCre mice. Primary cilia is thus involved in development of palatal rugae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuko Nakaniwa
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Maiko Kawasaki
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Katsushige Kawasaki
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan; Research Center for Advanced Oral Science, Department of Oral Life Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Akane Yamada
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Fumiya Meguro
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Maeda Takeyasu
- Research Center for Advanced Oral Science, Department of Oral Life Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan; Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Atsushi Ohazama
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
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13
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Houghton JW, Hans J, Pesaro M, Ley JP, Carpenter GH, Proctor G. Sensory effects of transient receptor potential channel agonists on whole mouth saliva extensional rheology. J Texture Stud 2017; 48:313-317. [DOI: 10.1111/jtxs.12260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jack William Houghton
- Division of Mucosal and Salivary Biology, King's College London; London United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Guy Howard Carpenter
- Division of Mucosal and Salivary Biology, King's College London; London United Kingdom
| | - Gordon Proctor
- Division of Mucosal and Salivary Biology, King's College London; London United Kingdom
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14
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Kido MA, Yoshimoto RU, Aijima R, Cao AL, Gao WQ. The oral mucosal membrane and transient receptor potential channels. J Oral Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.16-0862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mizuho A. Kido
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University
| | - Reiko U. Yoshimoto
- Section of Periodontology, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dental Science, Kyushu University
| | - Reona Aijima
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University
| | - Ai-Lin Cao
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University
| | - Wei-Qi Gao
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University
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15
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Nicotine-Induced Effects on Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors (nAChRs), Ca2+ and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) in STC-1 Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166565. [PMID: 27846263 PMCID: PMC5112875 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to the T2R bitter taste receptors, neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have recently been shown to be involved in the bitter taste transduction of nicotine, acetylcholine and ethanol. However, at present it is not clear if nAChRs are expressed in enteroendocrine cells other than beta cells of the pancreas and enterochromaffin cells, and if they play a role in the synthesis and release of neurohumoral peptides. Accordingly, we investigated the expression and functional role of nAChRs in enteroendocrine STC-1 cells. Our studies using RT-PCR, qRT-PCR, immunohistochemical and Western blotting techniques demonstrate that STC-1 cells express several α and β nAChR subunits. Exposing STC-1 cells to nicotine acutely (24h) or chronically (4 days) induced a differential increase in the expression of nAChR subunit mRNA and protein in a dose- and time-dependent fashion. Mecamylamine, a non-selective antagonist of nAChRs, inhibited the nicotine-induced increase in mRNA expression of nAChRs. Exposing STC-1 cells to nicotine increased intracellular Ca2+ in a dose-dependent manner that was inhibited in the presence of mecamylamine or dihydro-β-erythroidine, a α4β2 nAChR antagonist. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA and protein were detected in STC-1 cells using RT-PCR, specific BDNF antibody, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Acute nicotine exposure (30 min) decreased the cellular content of BDNF in STC-1 cells. The nicotine-induced decrease in BDNF was inhibited in the presence of mecamylamine. We also detected α3 and β4 mRNA in intestinal mucosal cells and α3 protein expression in intestinal enteroendocrine cells. We conclude that STC-1 cells and intestinal enteroendocrine cells express nAChRs. In STC-1 cells nAChR expression is modulated by exposure to nicotine in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Nicotine interacts with nAChRs and inhibits BDNF expression in STC-1 cells.
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16
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Omelian JM, Samson KK, Sollars SI. Chronic Oral Capsaicin Exposure During Development Leads to Adult Rats with Reduced Taste Bud Volumes. CHEMOSENS PERCEPT 2016; 9:95-104. [PMID: 28083080 DOI: 10.1007/s12078-016-9214-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cross-sensory interaction between gustatory and trigeminal nerves occurs in the anterior tongue. Surgical manipulations have demonstrated that the strength of this relationship varies across development. Capsaicin is a neurotoxin that affects fibers of the somatosensory lingual nerve surrounding taste buds, but not fibers of the gustatory chorda tympani nerve which synapse with taste receptor cells. Since capsaicin is commonly consumed by many species, including humans, experimental use of this neurotoxin provides a naturalistic perturbation of the lingual trigeminal system. Neonatal or adults rats consumed oral capsaicin for 40 days and we examined the cross-sensory effect on the morphology of taste buds across development. METHODS Rats received moderate doses of oral capsaicin, with chronic treatments occurring either before or after taste system maturation. Tongue morphology was examined either 2 or 50 days after treatment cessation. Edema, which has been previously suggested as a cause of changes in capsaicin-related gustatory function, was also assessed. RESULTS Reductions in taste bud volume occurred 50 days, but not 2 days post-treatment for rats treated as neonates. Adult rats at either time post-treatment were unaffected. Edema was not found to occur with the 5 ppm concentration of capsaicin we used. CONCLUSIONS Results further elucidate the cooperative relationship between these discrete sensory systems and highlight the developmentally mediated aspect of this interaction. IMPLICATIONS Chronic exposure to even moderate levels of noxious stimuli during development has the ability to impact the orosensory environment, and these changes may not be evident until long after exposure has ceased.
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Kawakami S, Sato H, Sasaki AT, Tanabe HC, Yoshida Y, Saito M, Toyoda H, Sadato N, Kang Y. The Brain Mechanisms Underlying the Perception of Pungent Taste of Capsaicin and the Subsequent Autonomic Responses. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 9:720. [PMID: 26834613 PMCID: PMC4717328 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In a human fMRI study, it has been demonstrated that tasting and ingesting capsaicin activate the ventral part of the middle and posterior short gyri (M/PSG) of the insula which is known as the primary gustatory area, suggesting that capsaicin is recognized as a taste. Tasting and digesting spicy foods containing capsaicin induce various physiological responses such as perspiration from face, salivation, and facilitation of cardiovascular activity, which are thought to be caused through viscero-visceral autonomic reflexes. However, this does not necessarily exclude the possibility of the involvement of higher-order sensory-motor integration between the M/PSG and anterior short gyrus (ASG) known as the autonomic region of the insula. To reveal a possible functional coordination between the M/PSG and ASG, we here addressed whether capsaicin increases neural activity in the ASG as well as the M/PSG using fMRI and a custom-made taste delivery system. Twenty subjects participated in this study, and three tastant solutions: capsaicin, NaCl, and artificial saliva (AS) were used. Group analyses with the regions activated by capsaicin revealed significant activations in the bilateral ASG and M/PSG. The fMRI blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signals in response to capsaicin stimulation were significantly higher in ASG than in M/PSG regardless of the side. Concomitantly, capsaicin increased the fingertip temperature significantly. Although there was no significant correlation between the fingertip temperatures and BOLD signals in the ASG or M/PSG when the contrast [Capsaicin-AS] or [Capsaicin-NaCl] was computed, a significant correlation was found in the bilateral ASG when the contrast [2 × Capsaicin-NaCl-AS] was computed. In contrast, there was a significant correlation in the hypothalamus regardless of the contrasts. Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between M/PSG and ASG. These results indicate that capsaicin increases neural activity in the ASG as well as the M/PSG, suggesting that the neural coordination between the two cortical areas may be involved in autonomic responses to tasting spicy foods as reflected in fingertip temperature increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinpei Kawakami
- Department of Neuroscience and Oral Physiology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka UniversitySuita, Japan; Morinaga & Co., Ltd., YokohamaJapan
| | - Hajime Sato
- Department of Neuroscience and Oral Physiology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University Suita, Japan
| | - Akihiro T Sasaki
- Division of Cerebral Integration, National Institute for Physiological SciencesOkazaki, Japan; Pathophysiological and Health Science Team, RIKEN Center for Life Science TechnologiesKobe, Japan; Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City UniversityOsaka, Japan
| | - Hiroki C Tanabe
- Department of Psychology, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yumiko Yoshida
- Division of Cerebral Integration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences Okazaki, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Saito
- Department of Neuroscience and Oral Physiology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka UniversitySuita, Japan; Department of Oral Physiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima UniversityKagoshima, Japan
| | - Hiroki Toyoda
- Department of Neuroscience and Oral Physiology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University Suita, Japan
| | - Norihiro Sadato
- Division of Cerebral Integration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences Okazaki, Japan
| | - Youngnam Kang
- Department of Neuroscience and Oral Physiology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University Suita, Japan
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Alvarez-Berdugo D, Rofes L, Farré R, Casamitjana JF, Enrique A, Chamizo J, Padrón A, Navarro X, Clavé P. Localization and expression of TRPV1 and TRPA1 in the human oropharynx and larynx. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2016; 28:91-100. [PMID: 26530852 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have found that TRPV1 and TRPA1 receptor agonists improve swallow response in patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD), but little is known about the expression of these receptors in the human oropharynx. The aim of this study was to assess the expression and localization of TRPV1 and TRPA1 in human samples from the oropharynx of healthy patients, to provide the basis for new pharmacological treatments for OD. METHODS Samples from oropharyngeal regions innervated by cranial nerves V, IX, and X (tongue, pharynx, and epiglottis) were obtained during ENT surgery and processed either for mRNA (21 patients) or for immunohistochemical assays (seven patients). The expression analysis was performed with RT-qPCR using ACTBh as reference gene. Hemotoxylin and eosin staining was used to study the histology; the immunohistochemical assay used (i) neuron-specific enolase to detect nerve fibers or (ii) fluorescent probes to locate TRPV1 and TRPA1. RESULTS TRPV1 was expressed in the three studied regions, with higher levels in CN V region (tongue) than in CN X region (epiglottis; p < 0.05), and was localized at epithelial cells and nociceptive fibers in all studied regions. TRPA1 was also expressed in all studied regions, but was always localized below the basal lamina. No immunoreactivity for TRPA1 was found on epithelial cells. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES TRPV1 and TRPA1 are widely expressed in the human oropharynx with two distinct patterns. Our study further confirms that TRPV1/A1 receptors are promising therapeutic targets to develop active treatments for OD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Alvarez-Berdugo
- Gastrointestinal Motility Laboratory, Hospital de Mataró, Consorci Sanitari del Maresme, Mataró, Spain
| | - L Rofes
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Farré
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.,Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - J F Casamitjana
- ENT Department, Hospital de Mataró, Consorci Sanitari del Maresme, Mataró, Spain
| | - A Enrique
- ENT Department, Hospital de Mataró, Consorci Sanitari del Maresme, Mataró, Spain
| | - J Chamizo
- ENT Department, Hospital de Mataró, Consorci Sanitari del Maresme, Mataró, Spain
| | - A Padrón
- Department of Pathology, Hospital de Mataró, Consorci Sanitari del Maresme, Mataró, Spain
| | - X Navarro
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - P Clavé
- Gastrointestinal Motility Laboratory, Hospital de Mataró, Consorci Sanitari del Maresme, Mataró, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.,Fundació Institut de Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
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Ruparel S, Bendele M, Wallace A, Green D. Released lipids regulate transient receptor potential channel (TRP)-dependent oral cancer pain. Mol Pain 2015; 11:30. [PMID: 26007300 PMCID: PMC4456056 DOI: 10.1186/s12990-015-0016-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pain in the head neck area is an early symptom in oral cancer, supporting the hypothesis that cancer cells control the activities of surrounding nociceptors at the site of the tumor. Several reports implicate TRPV1 and TRPA1 in cancer pain, although there is a large gap in knowledge since the mechanisms for tumor-induced activation of these TRP receptors are unknown. Interestingly, TRP-active lipids such as linoleic acid, arachidonic acid, hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid are significantly elevated in the saliva of oral cancer patients compared to normal patients, supporting a possible linkage between these lipids and oral cancer pain. We therefore hypothesize that oral squamous cell carcinomas release certain lipids that activate TRPV1 and/or TRPA1 on sensory neurons, contributing to the development of oral cancer pain. Methods Lipid extracts were made from conditioned media of three human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell lines as well as one normal human oral keratinocytes cell line. These were then injected intraplantarly into rat hindpaws to measure spontaneous nocifensive behavior, as well as thermal and mechanical allodynia. For interventional experiments, the animals were pretreated with AMG517 (TRPV1 antagonist) or HC030031 (TRPA1 antagonist) prior to extract injection. Results These studies demonstrate that lipids released from the three OSCC cell lines, but not the normal cell line, were capable of producing significant spontaneous nocifensive behaviors, as well as thermal and mechanical allodynia. Notably each of the cell lines produced a different magnitude of response for each of three behavioral assays. Importantly, pre-treatment with a TRPVI antagonist blocked lipid-mediated nocifensive and thermal hypersensitivity, but not mechanical hypersensitivity. In addition, pre-treatment with a TRPA1 antagonist only reversed thermal hypersensitivity without affecting lipid-induced nocifensive behavior or mechanical allodynia. Conclusions These data reveal a novel mechanism for cancer pain and provide strong direction for future studies evaluating the cellular mechanism regulating the TRP-active lipids by OSCC tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Ruparel
- Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, Texas, 78229, USA.
| | - Michelle Bendele
- Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, Texas, 78229, USA.
| | - Ashley Wallace
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
| | - Dustin Green
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas, USA.
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Abstract
TRP channels are expressed in taste buds, nerve fibers, and keratinocytes in the oronasal cavity. These channels play integral roles in transducing chemical stimuli, giving rise to sensations of taste, irritation, warmth, coolness, and pungency. Specifically, TRPM5 acts downstream of taste receptors in the taste transduction pathway. TRPM5 channels convert taste-evoked intracellular Ca(2+) release into membrane depolarization to trigger taste transmitter secretion. PKD2L1 is expressed in acid-sensitive (sour) taste bud cells but is unlikely to be the transducer for sour taste. TRPV1 is a receptor for pungent chemical stimuli such as capsaicin and for several irritants (chemesthesis). It is controversial whether TRPV1 is present in the taste buds and plays a direct role in taste. Instead, TRPV1 is expressed in non-gustatory sensory afferent fibers and in keratinocytes of the oronasal cavity. In many sensory fibers and epithelial cells lining the oronasal cavity, TRPA1 is also co-expressed with TRPV1. As with TRPV1, TRPA1 transduces a wide variety of irritants and, in combination with TRPV1, assures that there is a broad response to noxious chemical stimuli. Other TRP channels, including TRPM8, TRPV3, and TRPV4, play less prominent roles in chemesthesis and no known role in taste, per se. The pungency of foods and beverages is likely highly influenced by the temperature at which they are consumed, their acidity, and, for beverages, their carbonation. All these factors modulate the activity of TRP channels in taste buds and in the oronasal mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen D Roper
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1600 NW 10th Ave., Miami, FL, 33136, USA,
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21
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Aijima R, Wang B, Takao T, Mihara H, Kashio M, Ohsaki Y, Zhang J, Mizuno A, Suzuki M, Yamashita Y, Masuko S, Goto M, Tominaga M, Kido MA. The thermosensitive TRPV3 channel contributes to rapid wound healing in oral epithelia. FASEB J 2014; 29:182-92. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-251314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Reona Aijima
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Oral AnatomyGraduate School of Dental ScienceKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryFaculty of MedicineSaga UniversitySagaJapan
- Division of Histology and NeuroanatomyDepartment of Anatomy and PhysiologyFaculty of MedicineSaga UniversitySagaJapan
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Oral AnatomyGraduate School of Dental ScienceKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Tomoka Takao
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Oral AnatomyGraduate School of Dental ScienceKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Hiroshi Mihara
- Division of Cell SignalingOkazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience (National Institute for Physiological Sciences)National Institutes of Natural SciencesOkazakiJapan
| | - Makiko Kashio
- Division of Cell SignalingOkazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience (National Institute for Physiological Sciences)National Institutes of Natural SciencesOkazakiJapan
| | - Yasuyoshi Ohsaki
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Oral AnatomyGraduate School of Dental ScienceKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Jing‐Qi Zhang
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Oral AnatomyGraduate School of Dental ScienceKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Atsuko Mizuno
- Department of PharmacologyJichi Medical UniversityShimotsukeJapan
| | - Makoto Suzuki
- Department of PharmacologyJichi Medical UniversityShimotsukeJapan
| | - Yoshio Yamashita
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryFaculty of MedicineSaga UniversitySagaJapan
| | - Sadahiko Masuko
- Division of Histology and NeuroanatomyDepartment of Anatomy and PhysiologyFaculty of MedicineSaga UniversitySagaJapan
| | - Masaaki Goto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryFaculty of MedicineSaga UniversitySagaJapan
| | - Makoto Tominaga
- Division of Cell SignalingOkazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience (National Institute for Physiological Sciences)National Institutes of Natural SciencesOkazakiJapan
| | - Mizuho A. Kido
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Oral AnatomyGraduate School of Dental ScienceKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
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Brasser SM, Castro N, Feretic B. Alcohol sensory processing and its relevance for ingestion. Physiol Behav 2014; 148:65-70. [PMID: 25304192 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol possesses complex sensory attributes that are first detected by the body via sensory receptors and afferent fibers that promptly transmit signals to brain areas involved in mediating ingestive motivation, reinforcement, and addictive behavior. Given that the chemosensory cues accompanying alcohol consumption are among the most intimate, consistent, and immediate predictors of alcohol's postabsorptive effects, with experience these stimuli also gain powerful associative incentive value to elicit craving and related physiologic changes, maintenance of ongoing alcohol use, and reinstatement of drug seeking after periods of abstinence. Despite the above, preclinical research has traditionally dichotomized alcohol's taste and postingestive influences as independent regulators of motivation to drink. The present review summarizes current evidence regarding alcohol's ability to directly activate peripheral and central oral chemosensory circuits, relevance for intake of the drug, and provides a framework for moving beyond a dissociation between the sensory and postabsorptive effects of alcohol to understand their neurobiological integration and significance for alcohol addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M Brasser
- Department of Psychology, College of Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92120, USA.
| | - Norma Castro
- Department of Psychology, College of Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92120, USA
| | - Brian Feretic
- Department of Psychology, College of Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92120, USA
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Kanazawa T, Matsumoto S. Expression of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 and anoctamin 1 in rat trigeminal ganglion neurons innervating the tongue. Brain Res Bull 2014; 106:17-20. [PMID: 24792786 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2014.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) is a polymodal sensor that is activated by heat (>43 °C), acid, or capsaicin, the pungent ingredient of hot peppers. Reports that mice lacking TRPV1 display heat avoidance behaviors and TRPV1-negative neurons respond to heat suggest that an additional heat sensor is present. Anoctamin 1 (ANO1; also known as transmembrane protein 16A [TMEM16A]), is a component of Ca(2+)-activated chloride channels (CaCCs), and has been recently identified as a heat sensor, activated by temperatures over 44 °C. ANO1 is highly co-localized with TRPV1 in small-diameter dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. The aim of the present study was to investigate co-expression of ANO1 and TRPV1 in rat trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons innervating the tongue by using retrograde labeling and immunohistochemical techniques. Fluoro-gold (FG) retrograde labeling was used to identify the TG neurons innervating the anterior two thirds of the tongue; as expected, most labeling was detected in the mandibular division of the TGs. The FG-labeled TG neurons showed TRPV1 immunoreactivity (17.9%) and ANO1 immunoreactivity (13.7%), indicating that TRPV1- and ANO1-expressing neurons were present in the mandibular division of the TGs. Seventy-six percent of the ANO1-immunoreactive TG neurons were also immunoreactive for TRPV1; this co-expression was mainly detected in small- to medium-diameter TG neurons. The high degree of co-expression of TRPV1 and ANO1 suggests that cooperation between ANO1 and TRPV1 plays a role in the signaling pathways of nociceptive TG neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Kanazawa
- Department of Physiology, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Nippon Dental University, 1-9-20, Fujimi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8159, Japan.
| | - Shigeji Matsumoto
- Department of Physiology, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Nippon Dental University, 1-9-20, Fujimi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8159, Japan
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Bachmanov AA, Bosak NP, Lin C, Matsumoto I, Ohmoto M, Reed DR, Nelson TM. Genetics of taste receptors. Curr Pharm Des 2014; 20:2669-83. [PMID: 23886383 PMCID: PMC4764331 DOI: 10.2174/13816128113199990566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Taste receptors function as one of the interfaces between internal and external milieus. Taste receptors for sweet and umami (T1R [taste receptor, type 1]), bitter (T2R [taste receptor, type 2]), and salty (ENaC [epithelial sodium channel]) have been discovered in the recent years, but transduction mechanisms of sour taste and ENaC-independent salt taste are still poorly understood. In addition to these five main taste qualities, the taste system detects such noncanonical "tastes" as water, fat, and complex carbohydrates, but their reception mechanisms require further research. Variations in taste receptor genes between and within vertebrate species contribute to individual and species differences in taste-related behaviors. These variations are shaped by evolutionary forces and reflect species adaptations to their chemical environments and feeding ecology. Principles of drug discovery can be applied to taste receptors as targets in order to develop novel taste compounds to satisfy demand in better artificial sweeteners, enhancers of sugar and sodium taste, and blockers of bitterness of food ingredients and oral medications.
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Choi YJ, Kim JY, Yoo SB, Lee JH, Jahng JW. Repeated oral administration of capsaicin increases anxiety-like behaviours with prolonged stress-response in rats. J Biosci 2013; 38:561-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-013-9340-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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26
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Ren Z, Rhyu MR, Phan THT, Mummalaneni S, Murthy KS, Grider JR, DeSimone JA, Lyall V. TRPM5-dependent amiloride- and benzamil-insensitive NaCl chorda tympani taste nerve response. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2013; 305:G106-17. [PMID: 23639808 PMCID: PMC3725688 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00053.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) subfamily M member 5 (TRPM5) cation channel is involved in sensing sweet, bitter, umami, and fat taste stimuli, complex-tasting divalent salts, and temperature-induced changes in sweet taste. To investigate if the amiloride- and benzamil (Bz)-insensitive NaCl chorda tympani (CT) taste nerve response is also regulated in part by TRPM5, CT responses to 100 mM NaCl + 5 μM Bz (NaCl + Bz) were monitored in Sprague-Dawley rats, wild-type (WT) mice, and TRP vanilloid subfamily member 1 (TRPV1) and TRPM5 knockout (KO) mice in the presence of resiniferatoxin (RTX), a TRPV1 agonist. In rats, NaCl + Bz + RTX CT responses were also monitored in the presence of triphenylphosphine oxide, a specific TRPM5 blocker, and capsazepine and N-(3-methoxyphenyl)-4-chlorocinnamid (SB-366791), specific TRPV1 blockers. In rats and WT mice, RTX produced biphasic effects on the NaCl + Bz CT response, enhancing the response at 0.5-1 μM and inhibiting it at >1 μM. The NaCl + Bz + SB-366791 CT response in rats and WT mice and the NaCl + Bz CT response in TRPV1 KO mice were inhibited to baseline level and were RTX-insensitive. In rats, blocking TRPV1 by capsazepine or TRPM5 by triphenylphosphine oxide inhibited the tonic NaCl + Bz CT response and shifted the relationship between RTX concentration and the magnitude of the tonic CT response to higher RTX concentrations. TRPM5 KO mice elicited no constitutive NaCl + Bz tonic CT response. The relationship between RTX concentration and the magnitude of the tonic NaCl + Bz CT response was significantly attenuated and shifted to higher RTX concentrations. The results suggest that pharmacological or genetic alteration of TRPM5 activity modulates the Bz-insensitive NaCl CT response and its modulation by TRPV1 agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZuoJun Ren
- 1Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia; and
| | - Mee-Ra Rhyu
- 2Korea Food Research Institute, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Tam-Hao T. Phan
- 1Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia; and
| | - Shobha Mummalaneni
- 1Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia; and
| | - Karnam S. Murthy
- 1Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia; and
| | - John R. Grider
- 1Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia; and
| | - John A. DeSimone
- 1Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia; and
| | - Vijay Lyall
- 1Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia; and
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Yarnes SC, Ashrafi H, Reyes-Chin-Wo S, Hill TA, Stoffel KM, Van Deynze A. Identification of QTLs for capsaicinoids, fruit quality, and plant architecture-related traits in an interspecific Capsicum RIL population. Genome 2013; 56:61-74. [PMID: 23379339 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2012-0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analyses in pepper are common for horticultural, disease resistance, and fruit quality traits; although none of the studies to date have used sequence-based markers associated with genes. In this study we measured plant architectural, phenological, and fruit quality traits in a pepper mapping population consisting of 92 recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between Capsicum frutescens acc. 2814-6 and C. annuum var. NuMexRNAKY. Phenotypic measurements were correlated to loci in a high-density EST-based genetic map. In total, 96 QTL were identified for 38 traits, including 12 QTL associated with capsaicinoid levels. Twenty-one loci showed correlation among seemingly unrelated phenotypic categories, highlighting tight linkage or shared genetics between previously unassociated traits in pepper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn C Yarnes
- Seed Biotechnology Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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28
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Dewis ML, Phan THT, Ren Z, Meng X, Cui M, Mummalaneni S, Rhyu MR, DeSimone JA, Lyall V. N-geranyl cyclopropyl-carboximide modulates salty and umami taste in humans and animal models. J Neurophysiol 2012; 109:1078-90. [PMID: 23221408 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00124.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Effects of N-geranyl cyclopropyl-carboxamide (NGCC) and four structurally related compounds (N-cyclopropyl E2,Z6-nonadienamide, N-geranyl isobutanamide, N-geranyl 2-methylbutanamide, and allyl N-geranyl carbamate) were evaluated on the chorda tympani (CT) nerve response to NaCl and monosodium glutamate (MSG) in rats and wild-type (WT) and TRPV1 knockout (KO) mice and on human salty and umami taste intensity. NGCC enhanced the rat CT response to 100 mM NaCl + 5 μM benzamil (Bz; an epithelial Na(+) channel blocker) between 1 and 2.5 μM and inhibited it above 5 μM. N-(3-methoxyphenyl)-4-chlorocinnamid (SB-366791, a TRPV1t blocker) inhibited the NaCl+Bz CT response in the absence and presence of NGCC. Unlike the WT mice, no NaCl+Bz CT response was observed in TRPV1 KO mice in the absence or presence of NGCC. NGCC enhanced human salt taste intensity of fish soup stock containing 60 mM NaCl at 5 and 10 μM and decreased it at 25 μM. Rat CT responses to NaCl+Bz and human salt sensory perception were not affected by the above four structurally related compounds. Above 10 μM, NGCC increased the CT response to MSG+Bz+SB-366791 and maximally enhanced the response between 40 and 60 μM. Increasing taste cell Ca(2+) inhibited the NGCC-induced increase but not the inosine monophosphate-induced increase in glutamate response. Addition of 45 μM NGCC to chicken broth containing 60 mM sodium enhanced the human umami taste intensity. Thus, depending upon its concentration, NGCC modulates salt taste by interacting with the putative TRPV1t-dependent salt taste receptor and umami taste by interacting with a Ca(2+)-dependent transduction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark L Dewis
- Flavor Ingredients R&D, International Flavors & Fragrances, Union Beach, New Jersey, USA
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Smith KR, Treesukosol Y, Paedae AB, Contreras RJ, Spector AC. Contribution of the TRPV1 channel to salt taste quality in mice as assessed by conditioned taste aversion generalization and chorda tympani nerve responses. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2012; 303:R1195-205. [PMID: 23054171 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00154.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In rodents, at least two transduction mechanisms are involved in salt taste: 1) the sodium-selective epithelial sodium channel, blocked by topical amiloride administration, and 2) one or more amiloride-insensitive cation-nonselective pathways. Whereas electrophysiological evidence from the chorda tympani nerve (CT) has implicated the transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) channel as a major component of amiloride-insensitive salt taste transduction, behavioral results have provided only equivocal support. Using a brief-access taste test, we examined generalization profiles of water-deprived C57BL/6J (WT) and TRPV1 knockout (KO) mice conditioned (via LiCl injection) to avoid 100 μM amiloride-prepared 0.25 M NaCl and tested with 0.25 M NaCl, sodium gluconate, KCl, NH(4)Cl, 6.625 mM citric acid, 0.15 mM quinine, and 0.5 M sucrose. Both LiCl-injected WT and TRPV1 KO groups learned to avoid NaCl+amiloride relative to controls, but their generalization profiles did not differ; LiCl-injected mice avoided the nonsodium salts and quinine suggesting that a TRPV1-independent pathway contributes to the taste quality of the amiloride-insensitive portion of the NaCl signal. Repeating the experiment but doubling all stimulus concentrations revealed a difference in generalization profiles between genotypes. While both LiCl-injected groups avoided the nonsodium salts and quinine, only WT mice avoided the sodium salts and citric acid. CT responses to these stimuli and a concentration series of NaCl and KCl with and without amiloride did not differ between genotypes. Thus, in our study, TRPV1 did not appear to contribute to sodium salt perception based on gustatory signals, at least in the CT, but may have contributed to the oral somatosensory features of sodium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly R Smith
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4301, USA
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30
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Saito M, Toyoda H, Kawakami S, Sato H, Bae YC, Kang Y. Capsaicin induces theta-band synchronization between gustatory and autonomic insular cortices. J Neurosci 2012; 32:13470-87. [PMID: 23015437 PMCID: PMC6621365 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.5906-11.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2011] [Revised: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the insular cortex, the primary gustatory area caudally adjoins the primary autonomic area that is involved in visceral sensory-motor integration. However, it has not been addressed whether neural activity in the gustatory insula (Gu-I) is coordinated with that in the autonomic insula (Au-I). We have demonstrated that TRPV1 activation in Gu-I induces theta-band synchronization between Gu-I and Au-I in rat slice preparations. Electron-microscopic immunohistochemistry revealed that TRPV1 immunoreactivity was much higher in Gu-I than in Au-I, and was mostly detected in dendritic spines receiving asymmetrical synapses. Whole-cell voltage-clamp recordings revealed that, in Gu-I, capsaicin-induced currents in layer 3 (L3) pyramidal cells (PCs) displayed no apparent desensitization, while those in layer 5 (L5) PCs displayed Ca(2+)-dependent desensitization, suggesting that L3 and L5 PCs respond differentially to TRPV1 activation. Voltage-sensitive dye imaging demonstrated that TRPV1 activation in Gu-I can alter an optical response with a monophasic and columnar temporospatial pattern evoked within Gu-I into an oscillatory one extending over Gu-I and Au-I. Power and cross-power spectral analyses of optical responses revealed theta-band synchronization between Gu-I and Au-I. Whole-cell current-clamp recordings demonstrated that such theta-band waves were mediated by sustained rhythmic firings at 4 and 8 Hz in L3 and L5 PCs, respectively. These results strongly suggested that theta-band oscillatory neural coordination between Gu-I and Au-I was induced by two distinct TRPV1-mediated theta-rhythm firings in L3 and L5 PCs in Gu-I. This network coordination induced by TRPV1 activation could be responsible for autonomic responses to tasting and ingesting spicy foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Saito
- Department of Neuroscience and Oral Physiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroki Toyoda
- Department of Neuroscience and Oral Physiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shinpei Kawakami
- Department of Neuroscience and Oral Physiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Nourishment Function Laboratory, Health Care Division, Morinaga & Company, Ltd., Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-8504, Japan, and
| | - Hajime Sato
- Department of Neuroscience and Oral Physiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yong Chul Bae
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Neurobiology, BK21, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 700-412, South Korea
| | - Youngnam Kang
- Department of Neuroscience and Oral Physiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Accumulation of SNAP25 in mouse gustatory and somatosensory cortices in response to food and chemical stimulation. Neuroscience 2012; 218:326-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Revised: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Kawashima M, Imura K, Sato I. Topographical organization of TRPV1-immunoreactive epithelium and CGRP-immunoreactive nerve terminals in rodent tongue. Eur J Histochem 2012; 56:e21. [PMID: 22688302 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2012.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2011] [Revised: 03/10/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily member 1 (TRPV1) is activated by capsaicin, acid, and heat and mediates pain through peripheral nerves. In the tongue, TRPV1 expression has been reported also in the epithelium. This indicates a possibility that sensation is first received by the epithelium. However, how nerves receive sensations from the epithelium remains unclear. To clarify the anatomical basis of this interaction, we performed immunohistochemical studies in the rodent tongue to detect TRPV1 and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), a neural marker. Strong expression of TRPV1 in the epithelium was observed and was restricted to the apex of the tongue. Double immunohistochemical staining revealed that CGRP-expressing nerve terminals were in close apposition to the strongly TRPV1-expressing epithelium of fungiform papilla in the apex of rodent tongues. These results suggest that the TRPV1-expressing epithelium monitors the oral environment and acquired information may then be conducted to the adjacent CGRP-expressing terminals.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kawashima
- Department of Anatomy, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Grant J. Tachykinins stimulate a subset of mouse taste cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31697. [PMID: 22363709 PMCID: PMC3283679 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The tachykinins substance P (SP) and neurokinin A (NKA) are present in nociceptive sensory fibers expressing transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1 (TRPV1). These fibers are found extensively in and around the taste buds of several species. Tachykinins are released from nociceptive fibers by irritants such as capsaicin, the active compound found in chili peppers commonly associated with the sensation of spiciness. Using real-time Ca2+-imaging on isolated taste cells, it was observed that SP induces Ca2+ -responses in a subset of taste cells at concentrations in the low nanomolar range. These responses were reversibly inhibited by blocking the SP receptor NK-1R. NKA also induced Ca2+-responses in a subset of taste cells, but only at concentrations in the high nanomolar range. These responses were only partially inhibited by blocking the NKA receptor NK-2R, and were also inhibited by blocking NK-1R indicating that NKA is only active in taste cells at concentrations that activate both receptors. In addition, it was determined that tachykinin signaling in taste cells requires Ca2+-release from endoplasmic reticulum stores. RT-PCR analysis further confirmed that mouse taste buds express NK-1R and NK-2R. Using Ca2+-imaging and single cell RT-PCR, it was determined that the majority of tachykinin-responsive taste cells were Type I (Glial-like) and umami-responsive Type II (Receptor) cells. Importantly, stimulating NK-1R had an additive effect on Ca2+ responses evoked by umami stimuli in Type II (Receptor) cells. This data indicates that tachykinin release from nociceptive sensory fibers in and around taste buds may enhance umami and other taste modalities, providing a possible mechanism for the increased palatability of spicy foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Grant
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America.
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34
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Shh signaling is essential for rugae morphogenesis in mice. Histochem Cell Biol 2011; 136:663-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-011-0870-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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35
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Nakamura S, Bradley RM. Characteristics of sodium currents in rat geniculate ganglion neurons. J Neurophysiol 2011; 106:2982-91. [PMID: 21917997 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00369.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Geniculate ganglion (GG) cell bodies of chorda tympani (CT), greater superficial petrosal (GSP), and posterior auricular (PA) nerves transmit orofacial sensory information to the rostral nucleus of the solitary tract. We have used whole cell recording to investigate the characteristics of the Na(+) channels in isolated Fluorogold-labeled GG neurons that innervate different peripheral receptive fields. GG neurons expressed two classes of Na(+) channels, TTX sensitive (TTX-S) and TTX resistant (TTX-R). The majority of GG neurons expressed TTX-R currents of different amplitudes. TTX-R currents were relatively small in 60% of the neurons but were large in 12% of the sampled population. In a further 28% of the neurons, TTX completely abolished all Na(+) currents. Application of TTX completely inhibited action potential generation in all CT and PA neurons but had little effect on the generation of action potentials in 40% of GSP neurons. Most CT, GSP, and PA neurons stained positively with IB(4), and 27% of the GSP neurons were capsaicin sensitive. The majority of IB(4)-positive GSP neurons with large TTX-R Na(+) currents responded to capsaicin, whereas IB(4)-positive GSP neurons with small TTX-R Na(+) currents were capsaicin insensitive. These data demonstrate the heterogeneity of GG neurons and indicate the existence of a subset of GSP neurons sensitive to capsaicin, usually associated with nociceptors. Since there are no reports of nociceptors in the GSP receptive field, the role of these capsaicin-sensitive neurons is not clear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Nakamura
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA
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Ohazama A, Porntaveetus T, Ota MS, Herz J, Sharpe PT. Lrp4: A novel modulator of extracellular signaling in craniofacial organogenesis. Am J Med Genet A 2011; 152A:2974-83. [PMID: 21108386 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.33372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor family is a large evolutionarily conserved group of transmembrane proteins. It has been shown that LDL receptor family members can also function as direct signal transducers or modulators for a broad range of cellular signaling pathways. We have identified a novel mode of signaling pathway integration/coordination that occurs outside cells during development that involves an LDL receptor family member. Physical interaction between an extracellular protein (Wise) that binds BMP ligands and an Lrp receptor (Lrp4) that modulates Wnt signaling, acts to link these two pathways. Mutations in either Wise or Lrp4 in mice produce multiple, but identical abnormalities in tooth development that are linked to alterations in BMP and Wnt signaling. Teeth, in common with many other organs, develop by a series of epithelial-mesenchymal interactions, orchestrated by multiple cell signaling pathways. In tooth development, Lrp4 is expressed exclusively in epithelial cells and Wise mainly in mesenchymal cells. Our hypothesis, based on the mutant phenotypes, cell signaling activity changes and biochemical interactions between Wise and Lrp4 proteins, is that Wise and Lrp4 together act as an extracellular mechanism of coordinating BMP and Wnt signaling activities in epithelial-mesenchymal cell communication during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Ohazama
- Department of Craniofacial Development, Dental Institute, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London Bridge, London, UK
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37
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Bozkurt TE, Sahin-Erdemli I, Ilhan M. The investigation into indomethacin-induced potentiation of the contractile response to antigen in ovalbumin-sensitized guinea-pig tracheas. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2011; 26:332-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-8206.2010.00918.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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38
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Nakamura S, Bradley RM. Characteristics of calcium currents in rat geniculate ganglion neurons. J Neurophysiol 2011; 105:224-34. [PMID: 21068265 PMCID: PMC3023367 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00636.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2010] [Accepted: 11/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Geniculate ganglion (GG) cell bodies of chorda tympani (CT), greater superficial petrosal (GSP), and posterior auricular (PA) nerves transmit orofacial sensory information to the rostral nucleus of the solitary tract (rNST). We used whole cell recording to study the characteristics of the Ca(2+) channels in isolated Fluorogold-labeled GG neurons that innervate different peripheral receptive fields. PA neurons were significantly larger than CT and GSP neurons, and CT neurons could be further subdivided based on soma diameter. Although all GG neurons possess both low voltage-activated (LVA) "T-type" and high voltage-activated (HVA) Ca(2+) currents, CT, GSP, and PA neurons have distinctly different Ca(2+) current expression patterns. Of GG neurons that express T-type currents, the CT and GSP neurons had moderate and PA neurons had larger amplitude T-type currents. HVA Ca(2+) currents in the GG neurons were separated into several groups using specific Ca(2+) channel blockers. Sequential applications of L, N, and P/Q-type channel antagonists inhibited portions of Ca(2+) current in all CT, GSP, and PA neurons to a different extent in each neuron group. No difference was observed in the percentage of L- and N-type Ca(2+) currents reduced by the antagonists in CT, GSP, and PA neurons. Action potentials in GG neurons are followed by a Ca(2+) current initiated after depolarization (ADP) that may influence intrinsic firing patterns. These results show that based on Ca(2+) channel expression the GG contains a heterogeneous population of sensory neurons possibly related to the type of sensory information they relay to the rNST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Nakamura
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA
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Wang B, Danjo A, Kajiya H, Okabe K, Kido M. Oral Epithelial Cells are Activated via TRP Channels. J Dent Res 2010; 90:163-7. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034510385459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels are critical contributors to the perception of various environmental stimuli. Although the oral cavity is the access point for various food types, the expression of TRP channels in oral mucosa remains unknown. We hypothesized that the oral epithelium itself may participate in sensing thermal, mechanical, and chemical conditions. The expression profiles of TRP channels exhibited regional differences among the buccal, palatal, and tongue epithelia. Changes in elevated intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in oral epithelial cells were found after stimulation of the TRP channels with capsaicin, camphor, 4α-phorbol-12,13 didecanoate (4α-PDD), 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB), and menthol. These increases in Ca2+ appeared dependent on the TRP channels, because [Ca2+]i suppression was observed after the addition of the TRPV channel antagonist ruthenium red. These results demonstrate that the oral epithelia express various TRP channels and may have functional roles in sensory activities, together with neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Wang
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - A. Danjo
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Saga University, Japan
| | - H. Kajiya
- Department of Physiological Science and Molecular Biology, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - K. Okabe
- Department of Physiological Science and Molecular Biology, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - M.A. Kido
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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40
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Jahng JW, Moon YW, Lee JH. Immunohistochemical detection of capsaicin receptors in taste cells of human circumvallate papillae. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoms.2010.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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41
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Expression of Fgf signalling pathway related genes during palatal rugae development in the mouse. Gene Expr Patterns 2010; 10:193-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2010.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2010] [Revised: 03/16/2010] [Accepted: 03/21/2010] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Moon YW, Lee JH, Yoo SB, Jahng JW. Capsaicin receptors are colocalized with sweet/bitter receptors in the taste sensing cells of circumvallate papillae. GENES AND NUTRITION 2009; 5:251-5. [PMID: 20016958 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-009-0164-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2009] [Accepted: 11/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We examined co-localization of vanilloid receptor (VR1) with sweet receptors T1R2, T1R3, or bitter receptor T2R6 in taste receptor cells of rat circumvallate papillae. Tissue sections of rat circumvallate papillae were doubly reacted with anti-VR1 antibodies and anti-T1R2, anti-T1R3 or anti-T2R6 antibodies, using double-immunofluorescence histochemistry technique. Localizations of VR1, T1Rs and T2R6 in the vallate taste cells containing α-gustducin were also examined. VR1 immunoreactivities (-ir) were observed in subsets of taste cells in the circumvallate papillae, and 96-99% of the vallate taste cells exhibiting T1R2-, T1R3- or T2R6-ir co-exhibited VR1-ir. Approximately half of T2R6-ir cells (~49%), and 50-58% of T1Rs-ir cells, co-exhibited α-gustducin-ir in the vallate taste buds. About 58% of VR1-ir cells in the vallate exhibited α-gustducin-ir as well. Results support the idea that capsaicin may interact with the transduction pathways of sweet and bitter taste stimuli, possibly in mediation of its receptor VR1 localized in taste receptor cells. Additionally, the partial co-localization of α-gustducin with VR1 suggests that a tentative modulatory function of capsaicin in sweet and bitter transductions in the rat circumvallate comprises of both α-gustducin-mediated and non-mediated transduction pathways.
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Non-pungent capsaicin analogs (capsinoids) increase metabolic rate and enhance thermogenesis via gastrointestinal TRPV1 in mice. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2009; 73:2690-7. [PMID: 19966466 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.90555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Capsinoids are non-pungent capsaicin analogs which increase energy expenditure like capsaicin. However, the mechanisms underlying the enhancement of their energy expenditure despite their non-pungency are poorly understood. We suggest here that capsinoids increase energy expenditure in wild-type mice, but not in transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) knockout mice, implying that capsinoids increase energy expenditure via TRPV1. The jejunal administration of capsinoids to anesthetized mice raised the temperature of the colon and intrascapular brown adipose tissue. Denervation of the extrinsic nerves connected to the jejunum inhibited this temperature elevation. These findings suggest that capsinoids increase energy expenditure by activating the intestinal extrinsic nerves. Although the jejunal administration of capsinoids did not raise the tail skin temperature, an intravenous injection of capsinoids did, indicating that capsinoids could barely pass through the intestinal wall into the blood. Taken together, gastrointestinal TRPV1 may be a critical target for capsinoids to enhance energy expenditure.
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Arai T, Ohkuri T, Yasumatsu K, Kaga T, Ninomiya Y. The role of transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 on neural responses to acids by the chorda tympani, glossopharyngeal and superior laryngeal nerves in mice. Neuroscience 2009; 165:1476-89. [PMID: 19958811 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2009] [Revised: 11/19/2009] [Accepted: 11/19/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) receptor acts as a polymodal nociceptor activated by capsaicin, heat, and acid. TRPV1, which is expressed in sensory neurons innervating the oral cavity, is associated with an oral burning sensation in response to spicy food containing capsaicin. However, little is known about the involvement of TRPV1 in responses to acid stimuli in either the gustatory system or the general somatosensory innervation of the oropharynx. To test this possibility, we recorded electrophysiological responses to several acids (acetic acid, citric acid and HCl) and other taste stimuli from the mouse chorda tympani, glossopharyngeal and superior laryngeal nerves, and compared potential effects of iodo-resiniferatoxin (I-RTX), a potent TRPV1 antagonist, on chemical responses of the three nerves. The results indicated that in the chorda tympani nerve, I-RTX (1-100 nM) did not affect responses to acids, sucrose and quinine HCl, but reduced responses to NaCl (I-RTX at concentrations of 10 and 100 nM) and KCl and NH(4)Cl (100 nM). In contrast, in the glossopharyngeal nerve, I-RTX significantly suppressed responses to all acids and salts, but not to sucrose and quinine HCl. Responses to acetic acid were suppressed by I-RTX even at 0.1 nM concentration. The superior laryngeal nerve responded in a concentration-dependent manner to acetic acid, citric acid, HCl, KCl, NH(4)Cl and monosodium l-glutamate. The responses to acetic acid, but not to the other stimuli, were significantly inhibited by I-RTX. These results suggested that TRPV1 may be involved in the mechanism for responses to acids presented to the posterior oral cavity and larynx. This high degree of responsiveness to acetic acid may account for the oral burning sensation, known as a flavor characteristic of vinegar.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Arai
- Section of Oral Neuroscience, Graduate School of Dental Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
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45
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Long DJ, Devantier HR, Brennan FX, Bryant RW, Salemme FR, Palmer RK. Pharmacologic antagonism of the oral aversive taste-directed response to capsaicin in a mouse brief access taste aversion assay. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2009; 332:525-30. [PMID: 19903834 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.109.155416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemosensory signaling by the tongue is a primary determinant of ingestive behavior and is mediated by specific interactions between tastant molecules and G protein-coupled and ion channel receptors. The functional relationship between tastant and receptor should be amenable to pharmacologic methods and manipulation. We have performed a pharmacologic characterization of the taste-directed licking of mice presented with solutions of capsaicin and other transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) agonists using a brief access taste aversion assay. Dose-response functions for lick-rate suppression were established for capsaicin (EC(50) = 0.5 microM), piperine (EC(50) = 2 muM), and resiniferatoxin (EC(50) = 0.02 microM). Little or no effect on lick rate was observed in response to the full TRPV1 agonist olvanil. Capsaicin lick rates of wild-type and transient receptor potential melastatin-5 (TRPM5) knockout mice were equivalent, indicating that TRPM5, a critical component of aversive signaling for many bitter tastants, did not contribute to the capsaicin taste response. The selective TRPV1 antagonists N-(4-tertiarybutylphenyl)-4-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)tetrahydropyrazine-1(2H)-carbox-amide (10 microM) and (E)-3-(4-t-butylphenyl)-N-(2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxin-6-yl)acrylamide (AMG9810) (10 microM) effectively blocked capsaicin- and piperine-mediated lick suppression. However, (E)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(3-methoxyphenyl)-N-phenylprop-2-enamide (SB 366791) and capsazepine, also TRPV1 antagonists, were without effect at test concentrations of up to 30 and 100 microM, respectively. Our results demonstrate that TRPV1-mediated oral aversiveness presents a pharmacologic profile differing from what has been reported previously for TRPV1 pain signaling and, furthermore, that aversive tastes can be evaluated and controlled pharmacologically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Long
- Discovery Research, RedPoint Bio Corporation, Ewing, New Jersey, USA
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Gu XF, Lee JH, Yoo SB, Moon YW, Jahng JW. Intra-oral pre-treatment with capsaicin increases consumption of sweet solutions in rats. Nutr Neurosci 2009; 12:149-54. [PMID: 19622238 DOI: 10.1179/147683009x423319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Sprague-Dawley rats received preference tests for sucrose or saccharin daily following oral treatment with 0.02% capsaicin. Consumed sweet solutions and preference scores increased in capsaicin-treated rats, compared to control rats on the second to fifth exposure period for sucrose and all exposure periods for saccharin. Chow intake was not affected by repeated treatment with capsaicin. Real-time RT-PCR analysis revealed decreased expression of sweet receptors T1R2 and T1R3 as well as capsaicin receptor VR1 in the circumvallate after this repeated oral exposure to capsaicin. VR1 immunoreactivities were also localized in the vallate taste cells by fluorescence immunohistochemistry. Results suggest that decreased expression of sweet receptors in the circumvallate may be related to increased sweet consumption in capsaicin-treated rats; any causal relationship should be further studied. Also, these data suggest that capsaicin may interact with a sweet transduction pathway in the mediation of its receptor VR1 that are located in the vallate taste cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Feng Gu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul 110-768, Korea
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Abstract
Systems biology is being increasingly used to probe the underlying pathophysiology of asthma, although serious challenges remain to decipher the physiologic significance of the information revealed in these studies relating to gene expression and regulatory gene networks often used to understand gene-gene interactions. One phenotypic change characteristic of asthma is increased airway irritability, or bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) which is still poorly understood. While the precise mechanism(s) remain(s) to be identified, a number of hypotheses have been posited to account for this phenomenon, including airways inflammation, alteration in airway smooth muscle function, and airway remodeling. However, the role of sensory nerves in this phenomenon has received scant attention yet offers a potentially new target for the development of novel drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Spina
- The Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Science Division, 5th Floor Hodgkin Building, Kings College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom.
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Shimohira D, Kido MA, Danjo A, Takao T, Wang B, Zhang JQ, Yamaza T, Masuko S, Goto M, Tanaka T. TRPV2 expression in rat oral mucosa. Histochem Cell Biol 2009; 132:423-33. [PMID: 19579031 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-009-0616-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The oral mucosa is a highly specialised, stratified epithelium that confers protection from infection and physical, chemical and thermal stimuli. The non-keratinised junctional epithelium surrounds each tooth like a collar and is easily attacked by foreign substances from the oral sulcus. We found that TRPV2, a temperature-gated channel, is highly expressed in junctional epithelial cells, but not in oral sulcular epithelial cells or oral epithelial cells. Dual or triple immunolabelling with immunocompetent cell markers also revealed TRPV2 expression in Langerhans cells and in dendritic cells and macrophages. Electron microscopy disclosed TRPV2 immunoreactivity in the unmyelinated and thinly myelinated axons within the connective tissue underlying the epithelium. TRPV2 labelling was also observed in venule endothelial cells. The electron-dense immunoreaction in junctional epithelial cells, macrophages and neural axons occurred on the plasma membrane, on invaginations of the plasma membrane and in vesicular structures. Because TRPV2 has been shown to respond to temperature, hypotonicity and mechanical stimuli, gingival cells expressing TRPV2 may act as sensor cells, detecting changes in the physical and chemical environment, and may play a role in subsequent defence mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiji Shimohira
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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Peles S, Medda BK, Zhang Z, Banerjee B, Lehmann A, Shaker R, Sengupta JN. Differential effects of transient receptor vanilloid one (TRPV1) antagonists in acid-induced excitation of esophageal vagal afferent fibers of rats. Neuroscience 2009; 161:515-25. [PMID: 19324074 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2009] [Revised: 02/17/2009] [Accepted: 03/17/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Gastro-esophageal acid reflux can stimulate esophageal vagal sensory afferents by activating proton-sensitive ion channel transient receptor vanilloid one (TRPV1). The objective of this study was to investigate the response characteristics of vagal afferent fibers of rats to acid (0.1 N HCl) and capsaicin (CAP) following esophagitis and differential effects of two classes of TRPV1 antagonists on responses of vagal afferent fibers. The chronic reflux was induced by ligating the fundus of the stomach and partial constriction of pylorus. Extracellular single fiber recordings were made from the cervical vagal afferent fibers from naive control and fundus-ligated (FL) esophagitis rats. Innervations of fibers were identified to esophageal distension (ED) and subsequently tested to CAP and acid before and after injection of TRPV1 antagonist JYL1421 or AMG9810 (10 micromol/kg i.v.). Seventy-five vagal afferent fibers from 70 rats were identified to ED. Intra-esophageal CAP (0.1 ml of 1 mg/ml) excited 39.5% (17/43, 5/22 from naive and 12/21 from FL rats) fibers. In contrast, i.v. injection of CAP (0.03-0.3 micromol/kg) dose-dependently excited 72% (42/58) fibers. Responses to CAP were significantly greater for fibers from FL rats (n=32) than naive rats (n=25). TRPV1 antagonists JYL1421 and AMG9810 (10 micromol/kg) significantly blocked response to CAP. Intra-esophageal acid infusion stimulated 5/17 (29.4%) fibers from naive rats and 12/28 (42%) from FL rats. Effect of acid was significantly blocked by AMG9810, but not by JYL1421. Results indicate that following esophagitis the number of fibers responsive to CAP and acid is greater than noninflamed esophagus, which may contribute to esophageal hypersensitivity. Acid-induced excitation of vagal sensory afferents can be differentially attenuated by different classes of TRPV1 antagonists. Therefore, TRPV1 antagonists play a key role in attenuation of hypersensitivity following reflux-induced esophagitis. The use of TRPV1 antagonists could be an alternative to the traditional symptoms-based treatment of chronic acid reflux and esophageal hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Peles
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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Toida M, Kato K, Makita H, Long NK, Takeda T, Hatakeyama D, Yamashita T, Shibata T. Palliative effect of lafutidine on oral burning sensation. J Oral Pathol Med 2009; 38:262-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2008.00736.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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