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Reddy J, Black K, Bazemore K, Jordan K, Jackson JB, Knittel AK. Ethical inclusion: Risks and benefits of research from the perspective of perinatal people with opioid use disorders who have experienced incarceration. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294604. [PMID: 37992010 PMCID: PMC10664874 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research ethics guidelines and emphasis on representation in research guide the inclusion of marginalized groups, including people with perinatal opioid use disorders (OUD) and people experiencing incarceration in the United States. However, insights from participants regarding the risks and benefits of participation are not adequately considered. The aim of this study was to examine the risks and benefits of research participation from the perspective of pregnant/postpartum people with OUD who have experienced incarceration. DESIGN We recruited people who had experience with perinatal incarceration and were either currently pregnant or postpartum, and at least 18 years old. All participants met the clinical criteria for OUD. Our study did not have exclusion criteria based on gender, race, or ethnicity. SETTING Participants were either currently incarcerated at the North Carolina Correctional Institute for Women in Raleigh, North Carolina, United States or had previously experienced perinatal incarceration and were recruited from a perinatal substance use disorder treatment program located in North Carolina. PARTICIPANTS Between 9/2021-4/2022, we completed 12 interviews with pregnant/postpartum people with OUD, approximately half who were currently incarcerated and half with a recent history of perinatal incarceration. INTERVENTION/MEASUREMENT Interviews were conducted via Webex phone or video. The interviews followed a scripted interview guide and lasted one hour on average. Interview transcripts were analyzed using the Rigorous and Accelerated Data Reduction technique to produce an overarching thematic framework. FINDINGS Our analysis identified benefits, including the personal advantage of self-expression, helping others and contributing to change, and financial incentives. Risks included stigma and breach of confidentiality, misunderstanding of the distinction between research and advocacy, and limited ability to share their whole experience. CONCLUSIONS Participant-identified benefits of research mirrored those from other marginalized populations, though participant-identified risks were novel and nuanced. Recruitment and consent should move beyond normative research ethics committees protocol language to consider the perspectives of participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Reddy
- Department of Maternal Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Kristel Black
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Keia Bazemore
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Kiva Jordan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Jamie B. Jackson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Andrea K. Knittel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
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Waller B, Goddard-Eckrich D, Kagotho N, Hankerson SH, Hawks A, Wainberg ML. Sarah Waller's Help-Seeking Model: Understanding African American Women Intimate Partner Violence Survivors' Help-seeking Process. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2023; 38:7170-7192. [PMID: 36583331 PMCID: PMC10634285 DOI: 10.1177/08862605221141869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
African American women overwhelmingly experience the poorest outcomes resulting from intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization. Despite theoretical advancements, there remain a paucity of theories that explicate this marginalized population's comprehensive help-seeking process that includes the domestic violence service provision system and the Black church. We conducted 30 in-depth, semi-structured interviews with women who self-identified as African American. We utilized sensitizing concepts from the Transtheoretical Model of Change and Intersectionality theories, along with Agency framework and employed constructivist grounded theory methodology. Sarah's Help-Seeking Model emerged from the data and includes nine phases: (1) Awareness, (2) Acknowledgment, (3) Assessment, (4) Enough, (5) Enlist, (6) Escalate, (7) Reject, (8) Resolve, and (9) Restoration. This is the first theory that identifies how this vulnerable and underserved population's mental health and social support-seeking process is partially mediated by mistrust of law enforcement, disappointment in linkage to care and services, fear of death, and willingness to survive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadine Waller
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center/New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | - Alice Hawks
- NYC Family Justice Center, Brooklyn, New York City Mayor’s Office to End Domestic and Gender-Based Violence, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Milton L. Wainberg
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center/New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
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Minaya C, McKay D, Benton H, Blanc J, Seixas AA. Medical Mistrust, COVID-19 Stress, and Intent to Vaccinate in Racial-Ethnic Minorities. Behav Sci (Basel) 2022; 12:186. [PMID: 35735396 PMCID: PMC9219672 DOI: 10.3390/bs12060186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the Black, Asian, and Latinx community have been particularly vulnerable to the COVID-19 pandemic but may be hesitant to vaccinate. In a December 2020 study in Black, Asian, and Latinx adults in the U.S. (n = 779), only 50% of Black respondents endorsed intending to vaccinate against COVID-19, followed by 65% and 75% of Latinx and Asian participants, respectively. Medical mistrust, fears about COVID-19 contamination, and a proclivity for compulsive checking behaviors related to COVID-19 were significant predictors of intent to vaccinate in Black respondents. Similarly, Asian respondents' intent to vaccinate was predicted by medical mistrust, fears of the dangerous nature of the virus, and xenophobic concerns about viral spread. In Latinx participants, medical mistrust and compulsive checking for COVID-19-related information were significant predictors of intent to vaccinate. Our findings identify specific behaviors, attitudes, and beliefs we can target to inform community-wide outreach and increase the uptake of COVID-19 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlene Minaya
- Department of Psychology, Fordham University, Bronx, New York, NY 10458, USA; (D.M.); (H.B.)
| | - Dean McKay
- Department of Psychology, Fordham University, Bronx, New York, NY 10458, USA; (D.M.); (H.B.)
| | - Hannah Benton
- Department of Psychology, Fordham University, Bronx, New York, NY 10458, USA; (D.M.); (H.B.)
| | - Judite Blanc
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
| | - Azizi A. Seixas
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
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Dubé K, Kanazawa J, Campbell C, Boone CA, Maragh-Bass AC, Campbell DM, Agosto-Rosario M, Stockman JK, Diallo DD, Poteat T, Johnson M, Saberi P, Sauceda JA. Considerations for Increasing Racial, Ethnic, Gender, and Sexual Diversity in HIV Cure-Related Research with Analytical Treatment Interruptions: A Qualitative Inquiry. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2022; 38:50-63. [PMID: 33947268 PMCID: PMC8785755 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2021.0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite disproportionate incidence and prevalence of HIV among transgender individuals, cisgender women, and racial and ethnic minority groups, all remain underrepresented in HIV cure research. As HIV cure trials are scaled up, there is emerging research on ways to mitigate risks of HIV acquisition for sexual partners of analytical treatment interruption (ATI) trial participants. As such, it is imperative that HIV cure researchers consider the implications of implementing ATIs in populations that are disproportionately affected by HIV, but largely underrepresented in trials to date. In this qualitative study, we sought to derive triangulated perspectives on the social and ethical implications regarding ATIs and partner protection strategies during ATIs among under-represented populations. We conducted 21 in-depth interviews with 5 types of informants: bioethicists, community members [people living with HIV (PLWH) and their advocates], biomedical HIV cure researchers, sociobehavioral scientists, and HIV care providers. We analyzed the data using conventional content analysis and reduced the data to important considerations for implementing ATI trials in diverse communities and settings. Our study revealed the following key themes: (1) attention must be paid to gender and power dynamics in ATI trials; (2) ATI trials should be designed and implemented through the lenses of intersectionality and equity frameworks; (3) ATI trials may have both positive and negative effects on stigma for PLWH and their partners; and (4) partnership dynamics should be considered when designing ATI protocols. Our study generated actionable considerations that could be implemented in ATI trials to promote their acceptability to communities that have been underrepresented in HIV cure research to date. Research teams must invest in robust community and stakeholder engagement to define best practices. Paying attention to representation and equity will also promote better and more equitable implementation of HIV cure strategies once these become ready for rollout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Dubé
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Address correspondence to: Karine Dubé, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 4108 McGavran-Greenberg Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA
| | - John Kanazawa
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Chadwick Campbell
- Division of Prevention Sciences, Department of Medicine, Center for AIDS Prevention Studies (CAPS), University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Cheriko A. Boone
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Allysha C. Maragh-Bass
- Behavioral, Epidemiological, and Clinical Sciences, FHI 360, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Danielle M. Campbell
- Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Jamila K. Stockman
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | | | - Tonia Poteat
- Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mallory Johnson
- Division of Prevention Sciences, Department of Medicine, Center for AIDS Prevention Studies (CAPS), University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Parya Saberi
- Division of Prevention Sciences, Department of Medicine, Center for AIDS Prevention Studies (CAPS), University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California, USA
| | - John A. Sauceda
- Division of Prevention Sciences, Department of Medicine, Center for AIDS Prevention Studies (CAPS), University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California, USA
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Kaniuka AR, Zarwell M, Cramer RJ, Quinn K, Broaddus M, Patton A, Walsh JL. Perceptions of HIV Research Participation Among Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men who Have Sex with Men and Transgender and Nonbinary Adults: Results From a Midwest Pride Event. J Empir Res Hum Res Ethics 2021; 17:15-28. [PMID: 34866467 DOI: 10.1177/15562646211062707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continues to disproportionately affect gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBM) and transgender and nonbinary (trans/NB) individuals. This study investigated attitudes toward participation in HIV survey research, guided by Emanuel's framework for ethical clinical research (e.g., risk-benefit ratio, fair participant selection, respect for participants, social value, and collaborative partnership). GBM (n = 294) and trans/NB (n = 86) persons recruited at a Pride event in Milwaukee completed a survey assessing risks and benefits of participation in, and comfort responding to, sexual health surveys. Participants reported few ethical concerns (e.g., privacy and confidentiality), with notable differences by race, sexual orientation and gender identity, and prior research experiences. Implications for HIV research with GBM and trans/NB individuals are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea R Kaniuka
- Department of Public Health Sciences, 14727University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Meagan Zarwell
- Department of Public Health Sciences, 14727University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Robert J Cramer
- Department of Public Health Sciences, 14727University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Katherine Quinn
- Center for AIDS Intervention Research, 356955Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Michelle Broaddus
- Center for AIDS Intervention Research, 356955Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Alexandra Patton
- Department of Public Health Sciences, 14727University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer L Walsh
- Center for AIDS Intervention Research, 356955Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Tao X, Bragard E, Fisher CB. Risks and Benefits of Adolescent Girls' Participation in Online Sexting Survey Research. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2021; 50:2335-2346. [PMID: 34374874 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-021-02003-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The increasingly ubiquitous use of sexting among adolescent girls underscores the importance of empirical data on their sexting behaviors, motivations, and outcomes. To date, the majority of sexting studies have been conducted online; however, little is known about the extent to which responding to such socially sensitive questions may cause participant discomfort or distress. Research on this question is critical since in the absence of empirical data, institutional review boards (IRBs) may permit or place restrictions on online sexting studies based on an under- or overestimation of adolescent participation risk. The current online study asked 210 girls (aged 14-18 years, 55% non-Hispanic White, with sexting experience in the past 12 months) who previously registered to take online surveys on (1) their anticipated comfort in responding to a sexting survey include items on sexting motivations, positive and negative sexting consequences, and related sexual behaviors; (2) their perceptions of sexting research benefits/harms; and (3) comfort discussing similar topics in everyday life and with health professionals. Overall, participants were comfortable responding to sexting survey questions, rated sexting research as high benefits and low risks, and felt about the same as or more comfortable completing a sexting survey than discussing similar topics with peers, parents, or healthcare professionals. Findings suggest that anonymous online sexting studies can be classified as minimal risk research for adolescent girls and provide empirical support for IRB decisions to waive guardian permission for participation in such studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Tao
- Department of Psychology, Fordham University, 226 Dealy Hall, Rose Hill Campus, 441 E. Fordham Road, Bronx, NY, 10458, USA.
| | - Elise Bragard
- Department of Psychology, Fordham University, 226 Dealy Hall, Rose Hill Campus, 441 E. Fordham Road, Bronx, NY, 10458, USA
| | - Celia B Fisher
- Department of Psychology, Fordham University, 226 Dealy Hall, Rose Hill Campus, 441 E. Fordham Road, Bronx, NY, 10458, USA
- Center for Ethics Education, Fordham University, Bronx, NY, USA
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Overstreet NM, Cheeseborough T. Examining the Effect of Internalized HIV-Related Stigma on Perceptions of Research Participation among HIV-Positive African American Women. TRANSLATIONAL ISSUES IN PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2020; 6:223-234. [PMID: 34761075 PMCID: PMC8577417 DOI: 10.1037/tps0000271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
HIV-related stigma may influence ethical concerns in health disparity populations, particularly groups with histories of race, gender, and class oppression in medical research such as African American women. However, a dearth of research has examined how HIV-related stigma influences perceptions of the research process among African American women who participate in health research. The goal of the current study was to examine whether HIV-related stigma experienced on the micro-level, specifically internalized HIV-related stigma, is associated with reactions to research participation in 5 domains: attitudes toward participation, perceptions of research benefits, emotional reactions, perceived drawbacks of the research, and global evaluations of the research. We also examine whether internalized HIV-related stigma is associated with difficulty in answering questions related to sensitive topics. We found that women with higher levels of internalized HIV-related stigma reported more emotional reactions to research, perceived more drawbacks of the research, and expressed more difficulty in answering sensitive questions. Understanding how HIV-related stigma influences perceived risks and benefits of research participation may play an important role in guiding best practices for ethical engagement with HIV-positive African American women who participate in health research.
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Anderson EJ, McClelland J, Meyer Krause C, Krause KC, Garcia DO, Koss MP. Web-based and mHealth interventions for intimate partner violence prevention: a systematic review protocol. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e029880. [PMID: 31401604 PMCID: PMC6701589 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Victims of intimate partner violence (IPV), or those individuals susceptible to IPV victimisation or perpetration, may benefit from participation in primary, secondary or tertiary interventions to address or mitigate exposure to violence despite mixed evidence of IPV intervention effectiveness. However, participation in such programmes is limited by poor access, sociocultural barriers and programme cost. As the world fast approaches universal access to the internet, web-based technologies and low-cost smartphones, new avenues to provide preventive health services including mobile health (mHealth) tools, platforms and services have emerged. The objective of this systematic review is to assess current web-based and mHealth interventions, which include web-based or mobile-based delivery methods for IPV prevention. Interpersonal violence is defined as perpetration or victimisation of a physical, psychological or sexual nature among adults. Interventions may be at the primary, secondary or tertiary level of the public health model. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This systematic review will incorporate studies focused on any empirical prevention intervention intended for IPV victims or perpetrators of any gender where one or more components is web based or mobile based. Articles will be retrieved from the following academic databases: MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycInfo and Open Grey, as well Google Scholar. Results will be limited to articles reporting primary data, published since 1998, and in English, Spanish, Portuguese or French. Data extraction procedures will follow Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses reporting guidelines. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool, a critical appraisal tool, will be used to record ratings of quality and risk of bias among studies selected for inclusion. Content analysis and between-study comparisons will be used to answer the objectives of this review. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Results from this review will be published in an open access format for the benefit of both academic and non-academic audiences, including community organisations and individuals seeking mHealth strategies to reduce and prevent IPV. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42019123006.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean McClelland
- Arizona Health Sciences Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Keegan C Krause
- College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - David O Garcia
- College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Mary P Koss
- College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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