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Odedina FT, Wieland ML, Barbel-Johnson K, Crook JM. Community Engagement Strategies for Underrepresented Racial and Ethnic Populations. Mayo Clin Proc 2024; 99:159-171. [PMID: 38176825 PMCID: PMC11423934 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2023.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The representation of racial and ethnic minority populations in clinical trials continues to be a challenge despite mandates, good intentions, and concerted efforts by funding agencies, regulatory bodies, and researchers to close the clinical trials gap. A lack of diversity in research results in both continued disparities and poorer health outcomes. It is thus imperative that investigators understand and effectively address the challenges of clinical trials participation by underrepresented populations. In this paper, we expound on best practices for participatory research by clearly defining the community, highlighting the importance of proper identification and engagement of strong community partners, and exploring patient- and provider-level barriers and facilitators that require consideration. A clearer understanding of the balance of power between researchers and community partners is needed for any approach that addresses clinical trials representation. Unintended biases in study design and methods may continue to prevent racial and ethnic minority participants from taking part, and significant organizational changes are necessary for efficient and transparent relationships. Comprehensive community engagement in research includes dissemination of clinical trial results within and in partnership with community partners. Through careful deliberation and honest reflection, investigators, institutions, and community partners can develop the tailored blueprints of research collaborations essential for true equity in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark L Wieland
- Division of Community Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, and Palliative Care, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Jennifer M Crook
- Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
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Leone LA, Kasprzak C, Lally A, Haynes-Maslow L, Vermont LN, Horrigan-Maurer C, Tumiel-Berhalter L, Ammerman A, Raja S. A Novel Process to Recruit and Select Community Partners for a Hybrid Implementation-Effectiveness Study. Prog Community Health Partnersh 2023; 17:159-171. [PMID: 37462585 PMCID: PMC10569409 DOI: 10.1353/cpr.2023.0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Creating strong partnerships with community organizations is essential to test implementation of evidence-based interventions. However, partners are often chosen based on convenience rather than capacity or diversity. Streamlined processes are needed to identify qualified, diverse, and invested partners to conduct community-based research. OBJECTIVES There is a gap in the literature on effective and efficient processes for recruiting partners. This paper aims to fill that gap by describing a novel approach for identifying a diverse group of community organizations to participate in research. METHODS We used a Request for Partners (RFP) approach to recruit partners to participate in a hybrid implementation-effectiveness study of the Veggie Van mobile market model. The process included formative work to inform RFP development, creation of an external advisory committee, an intent-to-apply round, a full application round, and an inperson training and selection process. Data was collected to characterize applicant size, location, and experience; pre-post surveys were conducted to understand the training's utility. RESULTS We received 59 intent-to-apply submissions and invited 28 organizations to apply: 17 submitted applications and 12 organizations were chosen as finalists. The process took approximately 8 months to recruit 9 organizations and 32 community sites across 5 states and increased understanding of the intervention and partner responsibilities. CONCLUSIONS An RFP process is familiar to many community organizations that compete for grant funding but may not have prior research experience. This process streamlined recruitment timelines, increased diversity, and cultivated community among organizations. It may also improve research transparency, study completion, and intervention fidelity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia A. Leone
- Department of Community Health and Health Behavior, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo
| | - Christina Kasprzak
- Department of Community Health and Health Behavior, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo
| | - Anne Lally
- Department of Community Health and Health Behavior, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo
| | | | - Leah N. Vermont
- Department of Community Health and Health Behavior, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo
| | - Caroline Horrigan-Maurer
- Department of Family Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo
| | - Laurene Tumiel-Berhalter
- Department of Community Health and Health Behavior, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo
| | - Alice Ammerman
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
| | - Samina Raja
- Department of Urban and Regional Planning, School of Architecture and Planning, University at Buffalo
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Jung H, Sunderrajan A, Durantini M, Sanchez E, Windsor L, Chan S, O’Brien T, Farkhad BF, Karan A, Lee CA, Kwon S, Albarracín D. Testing a digitally distributed method to recruit a network of community organizations to fight the consequences of the drug epidemic: A study in 13 American states. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 50:3455-3469. [PMID: 35344609 PMCID: PMC9464661 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To mitigate the opioid epidemic, a concerted effort to educate, prevent, diagnose, treat, and engage residents is required. In this study, a digitally distributed method to form a large network of organizations was tested with 99 counties in regions with high vulnerability to hepatitis C virus (HCV). The method involved a cascade of contacts going from email to phone calls, to videoconferencing and measuring the number of contacts required, amount of time taken, and the proportion of success at recruiting at least one community organization per county. A recruitment period of 5 months and 2118 contact attempts led to the recruitment of organizations from 73 out of our 99 target counties. Organizations belonging to health departments required more attempts and time to recruit but ultimately enrolled at higher rates than did other organizations such as coalitions and agencies. Organizations from counties more (vs. less) vulnerable to HCV outbreaks required more attempts to recruit and, using multiple recruitment methods (e.g., emails, phone calls, and Zoom meetings), improved enrollment success. Overall, this method proved to be successful at remotely engaging a large-scale network of communities with different levels of risk within a large geographic region.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alex Karan
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
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4
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Abstract
Supplemental digital content is available in the text. Background Despite numerous efforts to create more equitable healthcare systems, minority populations face long-standing health disparities compared to White populations. Healthcare research is the necessary foundation for creating equitable health systems and providing patient-centered care. Significant challenges exist, however, with recruiting and engaging underrepresented populations in clinical research. Objectives The purpose of this analysis was to determine how research participants' race, trust, and level of education influence participation barriers in clinical research. Methods The study used secondary, cross-sectional survey data that were collected between 2014 and 2016 through the former Mid-South Clinical Data Research Network, currently known as the Stakeholders, Technology, and Research Clinical Research Network. Descriptive statistics and Spearman rank correlations were performed between level of education, level of trust, and each attitude statement for each racial category. Results A total of 2,190 survey responses were used in the data analysis. The mean age of respondents was 52 years, with majority being women, White, insured, and working full time. Overall, the respondents had favorable attitudes toward research participation. Trust was correlated with agreement in many attitude statements for both White and African American respondents, whereas correlations with education level were more variable depending on racial grouping. Trust level was negatively associated with agreement toward the statement “researchers do not care about me” in White and Native American respondents. Discussion The results support the importance of trust to research participation. Generally, education level was not strongly predictive of research participation, although prediction was influenced by race and attitude.
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Rahman R, Pinto RM, Troost JP. Examining Interprofessional Collaboration across case managers, peer educators, and counselors in New York City. SOCIAL WORK IN PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 36:448-459. [PMID: 33832409 PMCID: PMC8122086 DOI: 10.1080/19371918.2021.1905131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Many individuals who are vulnerable to HIV infection and People Living with HIV (PLWH) experience fragmented prevention and care. Prevention and care service integration, pivotal for the HIV care continuum, depends on relationships among service providers and agencies offering HIV services. Case managers, counselors, and peer educators often work together to provide integrated services through interprofessional collaboration (IPC) in HIV prevention and care. Although these providers have distinct job titles, they typically offer complementary services on the HIV care continuum. To better train and allocate professional development resources for these providers, research is needed to assess the overall differences between provider-type and their demographics, intrapersonal factors, and job characteristics most likely to predict IPC engagement. We administered a cross-sectional survey to 75 counselors, 80 peer educators, and 112 case managers in 36 agencies in New York City. We performed a series of linear mixed effects models. Most of the HIV-service providers identified as Black and female and had been working for their agencies for less than a year. Knowledge and skills, self-efficacy, understanding of the community, and greater work hours (> 35 hours) were significant predictors of endorsement of IPC. Peer educators compared to case managers were more likely to reflect on the process as they provide myriad services. Eliciting perspectives from providers allows us to explore interventions, both intra-agency (trainings, greater exposure to collaborative initiatives, and supervision) and interagency (retention programs and websites promoting provider collaboration), that could facilitate IPC engagement and integrated services across the HIV care continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahbel Rahman
- Fordham University, Graduate School of Social Service, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Jonathan P Troost
- Michigan Institute for Clinical and Health Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI, USA
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Wieland ML, Njeru JW, Alahdab F, Doubeni CA, Sia IG. Community-Engaged Approaches for Minority Recruitment Into Clinical Research: A Scoping Review of the Literature. Mayo Clin Proc 2021; 96:733-743. [PMID: 33004216 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Underrepresentation of racial and ethnic minority populations in clinical research persists in the United States, highlighting the unmet ideals of generalizability and equity of research findings and products. Previous systematic reviews exploring various facets of this phenomenon concluded that community engagement with minority groups may effectively promote recruitment and retention, but the ways in which community-engaged approaches have been used for recruitment have not been examined. We performed a scoping review of the literature to identify studies of community-engaged recruitment processes. The search resulted in 2842 articles, of which 66 met inclusion criteria. These articles demonstrated a relatively large literature base of descriptive studies conveying details of community engagement approaches to enhance recruitment of minority research participants. We summarize key aspects of current practices across the spectrum of community engagement. A gap in the literature is the relative lack of the comparative studies among different engagement strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark L Wieland
- Division of Community Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
| | - Jane W Njeru
- Division of Community Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Fares Alahdab
- Mayo Clinic Evidence-based Practice Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Chyke A Doubeni
- Center for Health Equity and Community Engagement Research and Department of Family Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Irene G Sia
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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Witte SS, Pinto R, Choi CJ, Wall MM. Predicting organizational readiness to implement HIV prevention with couples using practitioners' intentions: testing a heuristic. Transl Behav Med 2020; 10:155-162. [PMID: 30508132 DOI: 10.1093/tbm/iby121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Couple-based interventions may play a key role in ending the AIDS epidemic. Progress has been made in demonstrating successful implementation of both manual-based and web-based modalities of couple-based HIV prevention in clinical trials. To ensure real world implementation, however, we need a better understanding of how best to prepare organizations to support such interventions. We sought to examine which domains of staff-reported organizational readiness predicted providers' intention to deliver a couple-based HIV-prevention intervention. Organizational readiness was assessed at baseline from 253 facilitators enrolled in a randomized clinical trial testing dissemination and implementation of a couple-based HIV prevention program (2007-2012). Consistent with current organizational-readiness theory, we measured general capacities; capacities specific to a couple-based intervention; and staff motivation to implement the intervention. We used multilevel regression models to examine the influence of these capacities on intention to implement at 6-, 12-, and 18-month follow-up, adjusting for staff age, education, role, years of service, and randomized condition. Higher perceived organizational resources (B = 0.126, p = .028) and better staff motivation (B = 0.510, p = .009) were significant predictors of increased intention to facilitate Connect. Higher organizational resource availability and stronger motivation to facilitate the intervention are key domains that could inform administrator and staff training to strengthen readiness for couple-based programs. However, further research is needed to clarify the role of these domains regarding actual implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan S Witte
- Columbia University School of Social Work, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rogerio Pinto
- University of Michigan School of Social Work, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - C Jean Choi
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Melanie M Wall
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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Nurturing Practitioner-Researcher Partnerships to Improve Adoption and Delivery of Research-Based Social and Public Health Services Worldwide. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16050862. [PMID: 30857292 PMCID: PMC6427324 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16050862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Research-based practices—psychosocial, behavioral, and public health interventions—have been demonstrated to be effective and often cost-saving treatments, but they can take up to two decades to reach practitioners within the health and human services workforce worldwide. Practitioners often rely on anecdotal evidence and their “practice wisdom” rather than on research, and may thus unintentionally provide less effective or ineffective services. Worldwide, community engagement in research is recommended, particularly in low-resource contexts. However, practitioner involvement has not been adequately explored in its own right as an innovative community-engaged practice that requires a tailored approach. The involvement of practitioners in research has been shown to improve their use of research-based interventions, and thus the quality of care and client outcomes. Nevertheless, the literature is lacking specificity about when and how (that is, using which tasks and procedures) to nurture and develop practitioner–researcher partnerships. This paper offers theoretical and empirical evidence on practitioner–researcher partnerships as an innovation with potential to enhance each phase of the research cycle and improve services, using data from the United States, Brazil, and Spain. Recommendations for partnership development and sustainability are offered, and a case is made for involving practitioners in research in order to advance social justice by amplifying the local relevance of research, increasing the likelihood of dissemination to community settings, and securing the sustainability of research-based interventions in practice settings.
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Becker M, Mishra S, Aral S, Bhattacharjee P, Lorway R, Green K, Anthony J, Isac S, Emmanuel F, Musyoki H, Lazarus L, Thompson LH, Cheuk E, Blanchard JF. The contributions and future direction of Program Science in HIV/STI prevention. Emerg Themes Epidemiol 2018; 15:7. [PMID: 29872450 PMCID: PMC5972407 DOI: 10.1186/s12982-018-0076-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Program Science is an iterative, multi-phase research and program framework where programs drive the scientific inquiry, and both program and science are aligned towards a collective goal of improving population health. Discussion To achieve this, Program Science involves the systematic application of theoretical and empirical knowledge to optimize the scale, quality and impact of public health programs. Program Science tools and approaches developed for strategic planning, program implementation, and program management and evaluation have been incorporated into HIV and sexually transmitted infection prevention programs in Kenya, Nigeria, India, and the United States. Conclusion In this paper, we highlight key scientific contributions that emerged from the growing application of Program Science in the field of HIV and STI prevention, and conclude by proposing future directions for Program Science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa Becker
- 1Centre for Global Public Health, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Sharmistha Mishra
- 2Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,3Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sevgi Aral
- 4Division of STD Prevention, The National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA
| | - Parinita Bhattacharjee
- 1Centre for Global Public Health, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Karnataka Health Promotion Trust, Bangalore, India
| | - Rob Lorway
- 1Centre for Global Public Health, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Kalada Green
- 1Centre for Global Public Health, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - John Anthony
- 1Centre for Global Public Health, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Shajy Isac
- Karnataka Health Promotion Trust, Bangalore, India
| | - Faran Emmanuel
- 1Centre for Global Public Health, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Helgar Musyoki
- 6National AIDS and STI Control Program, Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Lisa Lazarus
- 1Centre for Global Public Health, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Laura H Thompson
- 1Centre for Global Public Health, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Eve Cheuk
- 1Centre for Global Public Health, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - James F Blanchard
- 1Centre for Global Public Health, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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Pinto RM, Witte SS, Wall MM, Filippone PL. Recruiting and retaining service agencies and public health providers in longitudinal studies: Implications for community-engaged implementation research. METHODOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS 2018; 11. [PMID: 30009043 DOI: 10.1177/2059799118770996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This article addresses a lack of attention in the implementation science literature regarding how to overcome recruitment and retention challenges in longitudinal studies involving large samples of service agencies and health service providers ("providers"). Herein, we provide a case-illustration of procedures that improved recruitment and retention in a longitudinal, mixed-method study-Project Interprofessional Collaboration Implementation-funded by the US National Institute of Mental Health. Project Interprofessional Collaboration Implementation included counselors, program workers, educators, and supervisors. We present a research-engagement model to overcome barriers that included developing a low-burden study, social gatherings to engage stakeholders, protocols to recruit agencies and providers, comprehensive record-keeping, research procedures as incentives to participation, a plan to retain hard-to-reach participants, and strategies for modifying incentives over time. Using our model, we retained 36 agencies over the life of the project. Between baseline (N = 379) and 12-month follow-up (N = 285), we retained 75% of the sample and between the 12- (N = 285) and 24-month follow-ups (N = 256), we retained 90%. For qualitative interviews (between baseline and 12-month follow-up and between 12- and 24-month follow-ups), we retained 100% of the sample (N = 20). We provide a summary of frequency of contacts required to initiate data collection and time required for data collection. The model responded to environmental changes in policy and priorities that would not have been achievable without the expertise of community partners. To recruit and retain large samples longitudinally, researchers must strategically engage community partners. The strategies imbedded in our model can be performed with moderate levels of effort and human resources. Creating opportunities for research partners to participate in all phases of the research cycle is recommended, which can help build research capacity for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogério M Pinto
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Susan S Witte
- School of Social Work, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Melanie M Wall
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health and Director of Mental Health Data Science in the Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center and the New York State Psychiatric Institute
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Spears Johnson CR, Kraemer Diaz AE, Arcury TA. Participation levels in 25 Community-based participatory research projects. HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH 2016; 31:577-586. [PMID: 27422896 PMCID: PMC5025561 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyw033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This analysis describes the nature of community participation in National Institutes of Health and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention funded community-based participatory research (CBPR) projects, and explores the scientific and social implications of variation in community participation. We conducted in-depth interviews in 2012 with professional and community researchers from 25 CBPR projects in the Southeast US. Interview topics focused on participants' experiences with the nature and conduct of their CBPR project. Projects were rated on community participation in 13 components of research. Projects varied substantially in community participation. Some projects had community participation in only two to three components; others had participation in every component. Some professional researchers were deliberate in their inclusion of community participation in all aspects of research, others had community participation in some aspects, and others were mainly concerned that community members had the opportunity to participate in the study. Findings suggest a need for a standardized rubric for community-based research that facilitates delineation of approaches and procedures that are effective and efficient. Little actual community participation may also result in negative social impacts for communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Spears Johnson
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - A E Kraemer Diaz
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - T A Arcury
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
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Spears Johnson CR, Kraemer Diaz AE, Arcury TA. What Does It Mean for Something to Be "Scientific"? Community Understandings of Science, Educational Attainment, and Community Representation Among a Sample of 25 CBPR Projects. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2016; 44:271-277. [PMID: 27268495 DOI: 10.1177/1090198116651038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Community-based participatory research (CBPR) seeks to conduct relevant, sustainable research that is tailored to the needs of the communities with which it is engaged through equitable collaboration between community representatives and professional researchers. Like other participatory approaches to research and planning, CBPR has been criticized for the potential to engage a biased sample of community representatives and, thereby, undermine the fundamental purpose of the approach. Moreover, the varying educational levels and areas of expertise, especially regarding science literacy, among those participating in CBPR has raised concern about the ability for true collaboration to exist within CBPR projects. This article presents findings from a qualitative study of 25 CBPR research projects and explores matters of science literacy, community representation, and the nature of CBPR. Ultimately, it is suggested that those who engage in CBPR should carefully consider the potential for biased community representation and seek to purposely and mindfully avoid any partiality.
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Pinto RM, Spector AY, Witte SS, Gilbert L. Systematizing planning and formative phases of HIV prevention research: Case studies from Brazil, Mongolia, and Kazakhstan. GLOBAL SOCIAL WELFARE : RESEARCH, POLICY & PRACTICE 2014; 1:137-144. [PMID: 25489495 PMCID: PMC4257476 DOI: 10.1007/s40609-014-0020-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES International Community Based Participatory Research (CBPR) is vulnerable to contextual, political, and interpersonal issues that may hamper researchers' abilities to develop and sustain partnerships with local communities. This paper responds to a call for systematizing CBPR practices and to the urgent need for frameworks with potential to facilitate partnership-building between researchers and communities in both "developed" and "developing" countries. METHODS Using three brief case examples, each from a different context, with different partners and varied research questions, we demonstrate how to apply the International Participatory Research Framework (IPRF). RESULTS IPRF consists of triangulated procedures (steps and actions) that can facilitate known participatory outcomes: 1) community-defined research goals, 2) capacity for further research, and 3) policies and programs grounded in research. CONCLUSIONS We show how the application of this model is particularly helpful in the planning and formative phases of CBPR. Other partnerships can use this framework in its entirety or aspects thereof, in different contexts. Further evaluation of how this framework can help other international partnerships, studying myriad diseases and conditions, should be a focus of future international CBPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogério M Pinto
- Columbia University School of Social Work, 1255 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027
| | - Anya Y Spector
- HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, Columbia University and New York State Psychiatric Institute, 722 West 168 Street room 307, New York, NY 10032
| | - Susan S Witte
- Columbia University School of Social Work, 1255 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027
| | - Louisa Gilbert
- Columbia University School of Social Work, 1255 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027
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