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Bautista TG, Roman G, Khan M, Lee M, Sahbaz S, Duthely LM, Knippenberg A, Macias-Burgos MA, Davidson A, Scaramutti C, Gabrilove J, Pusek S, Mehta D, Bredella MA. What is well-being? A scoping review of the conceptual and operational definitions of occupational well-being. J Clin Transl Sci 2023; 7:e227. [PMID: 38028344 PMCID: PMC10643923 DOI: 10.1017/cts.2023.648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Well-being is a multifaceted construct that is used across disciplines to portray a state of wellness, health, and happiness. While aspects of well-being seem universal, how it is depicted in the literature has substantial variation. The aim of this scoping review was to identify conceptual and operational definitions of well-being within the field of occupational health. Broad search terms were used related to well-being and scale/assessment. Inclusion criteria were (1) peer-reviewed articles, (2) published in English, (3) included a measure of well-being in the methods and results section of the article, and (4) empirical paper. The searches resulted in 4394 articles, 3733 articles were excluded by reading the abstract, 661 articles received a full review, and 273 articles were excluded after a full review, leaving 388 articles that met our inclusion criteria and were used to extract well-being assessment information. Many studies did not define well-being or link their conceptual definition to the operational assessment tool being used. There were 158 assessments of well-being represented across studies. Results highlight the lack of a consistent definitions of well-being and standardized measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gretchen Roman
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Munziba Khan
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michele Lee
- Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Susan Pusek
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, St. Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Wirnitzer KC, Motevalli M, Tanous DR, Wirnitzer G, Wagner KH, Schätzer M, Drenowatz C, Cocca A, Ruedl G, Kirschner W. A glimpse of academic staff health behavior on diet type and physical activity at Austrian universities: first findings from the "Sustainably Healthy - From Science 2 Highschool & University" study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1194602. [PMID: 37483946 PMCID: PMC10359429 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1194602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The association between lifestyle and health status highlights the importance of assessing health-related behavior in different populations. This multidisciplinary study aimed to examine the health behavior of academic staff of Austrian colleges and universities, with a specific focus on diet types (vegan, vegetarian, omnivorous) and physical activity (PA) reports. Methods Following a cross-sectional study design incorporating an online survey, a sample of 1,041 academics from 52 institutes (mean age: 46.4 years) provided data on sociodemographic characteristics, dietary patterns, PA behavior, and other lifestyle behaviors (smoking, alcohol intake, etc.). Results The prevalence of vegetarian and vegan diets was 13.2 and 2.0%, respectively, and 33.2% of participants had excess body weight (BMI ≥ 25). The majority of participants (88.5%) reported regularly engaging in leisure-time PA, but 18.6% were active members of sports clubs. No difference between females and males was observed in diet type and the type of sport participation (p > 0.05). Participants with a mixed diet had a higher BMI than vegetarians and vegans (p < 0.05). Leisure-time PA participation was associated with more frequent fruit and vegetable intake (p < 0.05). The prevalence of smoking and alcohol intake was 13.1 and 73.5%, respectively, without any difference between dietary or sports participation subgroups (p > 0.05). Conclusion The present study provides an overview of the social trends in vegan and vegetarian diets linked to health behaviors in tertiary educational settings. Findings can be used by health scientists, decision-makers, and multipliers in health and education to improve public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina C. Wirnitzer
- Department of Research and Development in Teacher Education, University College of Teacher Education Tyrol, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Research Center Medical Humanities, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mohamad Motevalli
- Department of Research and Development in Teacher Education, University College of Teacher Education Tyrol, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Derrick R. Tanous
- Department of Research and Development in Teacher Education, University College of Teacher Education Tyrol, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Karl-Heinz Wagner
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Manuel Schätzer
- Special Institute for Preventive Cardiology and Nutrition – SIPCAN, Elsbethen, Austria
| | - Clemens Drenowatz
- Division of Sport, Physical Activity and Health, University of Teacher Education Upper Austria, Linz, Austria
| | - Armando Cocca
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gerhard Ruedl
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Werner Kirschner
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Ndupu LB, Staples V, Lipka S, Faghy M, Bessadet N, Bussell C. Application of theoretical domains framework to explore the enablers and barriers to physical activity among university staff and students: a qualitative study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:670. [PMID: 37041567 PMCID: PMC10088198 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15588-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical inactivity is one of the major risk factors for developing several chronic illnesses. However, despite strong evidence indicating the health benefits of physical activity, many university staff and students tend to be physically inactive. University settings provide a stable environment where behaviour change interventions can be implemented across multiple levels of change. The aim of this study is to examine the perceived barriers and enablers to physical activity among staff and students in a university setting, using the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF), a precursor of COM-B behaviour model. METHODS This was a qualitative study carried out at a Midlands University in the United Kingdom. Eight group interviews were conducted with the sample (n = 40) consisting of 6 male and 15 female university staff (mean age = 40.5 ± 10.6 years) with different job roles (e.g., academic, administrative, cleaning and catering staff), and 12 male and 7 female students (mean age = 28.6 ± 4.7 years) at different stages of study (e.g., undergraduate, postgraduate, and international students). Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim and imported into NVivo12 software, responses were mapped using the TDF where theory-driven deductive content analysis was used for data analysis. RESULTS Six prominent domains were identified from the group interviews as enablers and/or barriers to physical activity among university staff and students: Environmental context and resources; intentions; social influences; knowledge; beliefs about capabilities; and social/professional role and identity. The themes emerging from the group interviews fit into all 14 domains of the TDF; however, 71% of the themes fit into the six most prominent domains. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that several enablers and barriers influence university staff and students' capability, opportunity, and motivation to engage in physical activity. This study, therefore, provides a theoretical foundation to inform the development of bespoke interventions to increase physical activity among inactive university staff and students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Bismarck Ndupu
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Aliso Gingell Building, 20 Whitefrairs Street, Coventry, CV1 2DS, UK.
| | - Vicki Staples
- Human Sciences Research Centre, University of Derby, Kedleston Road, Derby, Derbyshire, DE22 1GB, UK
| | - Sigrid Lipka
- Human Sciences Research Centre, University of Derby, Kedleston Road, Derby, Derbyshire, DE22 1GB, UK
| | - Mark Faghy
- Human Sciences Research Centre, University of Derby, Kedleston Road, Derby, Derbyshire, DE22 1GB, UK
| | - Nawel Bessadet
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, Education and Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, City South Campus, Westbourne Road, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 3TN, UK
| | - Chris Bussell
- Human Sciences Research Centre, University of Derby, Kedleston Road, Derby, Derbyshire, DE22 1GB, UK
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Higham SM, Mendham AE, Rosenbaum S, Allen NG, Smith G, Stadnyk A, Duffield R. Effects of concurrent exercise training on body composition, systemic inflammation, and components of metabolic syndrome in inactive academics: a randomised controlled trial. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023; 123:809-820. [PMID: 36471186 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-05108-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Low physical activity in the academic workplace may increase the risk of cardiometabolic disease. This randomised controlled trial investigated the effect of 14 weeks of concurrent exercise training (CT) on components of metabolic syndrome, body composition, insulin resistance, and markers of systemic inflammation in inactive academics. METHODS 59 inactive academics were randomised into a CT (n = 29) or wait-list control group (n = 30). CT performed supervised training at an onsite facility 3 times per week for 14 weeks and cardiometabolic health was assessed pre- and post-intervention. Aerobic capacity was measured via a metabolic cart. Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry measured fat mass, lean mass, and central adiposity. Fasting blood samples were analysed for interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), glucose, and lipid profile. RESULTS Following the intervention, there was a decrease in fat mass (mean ± SD; - 1.3 ± 1.4%), android fat mass (median (IQR); - 0.06 (0.27) kg), and visceral adipose tissue (median (IQR); - 66 (110) cm3) in CT, but not control. Lean mass (median (IQR); 1.35 (1.86) kg) and aerobic capacity (mean ± SD; 4.0 ± 3.1 mL/kg/min) increased in CT, but not in control. There were no changes in IL-6, TNF-a, HOMA-IR, glucose, or lipid profile in response to the intervention (P > 0.05). Changes in insulin resistance were positively associated with IL-6 in the control group only (coefficients [95%CI]; 5.957 [2.961, 8.953]). CONCLUSION Implementing combined aerobic and resistance exercise training programs in academic institutions may be an appropriate intervention to increase physical activity and reduce risk factors associated with cardiometabolic disease. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry on the 23rd of April, 2019 (ACTRN12619000608167).
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel M Higham
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Moore Park, NSW, Australia.
| | - Amy E Mendham
- South Africa Medical Research Council/WITS Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit (DPHRU), Department of Paediatrics, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Health Through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre (HPALS), FIMS International Collaborating Centre of Sports Medicine, Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Simon Rosenbaum
- School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nicholas G Allen
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Moore Park, NSW, Australia
| | - Greg Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Antony Stadnyk
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Moore Park, NSW, Australia
| | - Rob Duffield
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Moore Park, NSW, Australia
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INAL HS, SAHIN M, OZTURK M, KESKIN B, ATES O, USTAOGLU G, YUCESIR I, ALTINCI E, INAL GULTEKIN G. Gender differences on factors affecting the resting metabolic rate of academicians. GAZZETTA MEDICA ITALIANA ARCHIVIO PER LE SCIENZE MEDICHE 2023. [DOI: 10.23736/s0393-3660.20.04508-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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Ndupu LB, Faghy M, Staples V, Lipka S, Bussell C. Exploring the predictors of physical inactivity in a university setting. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:59. [PMID: 36624482 PMCID: PMC9830702 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14953-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changes in lifestyle patterns and the dependence on technology have contributed to an increase in prevalence of inactivity. To address this there is a need to identify the predictors of physical inactivity using the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). METHODS One hundred and twenty-one university administrative staff and 114 PhD students completed a survey. Physical activity (PA) levels were assessed using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ), with participants scoring below 600 MET-minutes/week of total PA regarded as inactive. The predictors of physical inactivity were assessed using the Determinants of Physical Activity Questionnaire (DPAQ). Multiple regression analyses were used to identify which domains of the TDF predicted physical inactivity in the study samples. RESULTS The results indicated that 64% of administrative staff (Mean = 411.3 ± 118.3 MET-minutes/week of total PA) and 62% of PhD students (Mean = 405.8 ± 111.0 MET-minutes/week of total PA) did not achieve the recommended PA levels. The physical skills domain (t 106 = 2.198, p = 0.030) was the significant predictor of physical inactivity amongst the administrative staff. Knowledge (t 99 = 2.018, p = .046) and intentions (t 99 = 4.240), p = 0.001) domains were the significant predictors of physical inactivity amongst PhD students. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study should be used as a theoretical starting point in carrying out behavioural diagnosis, which could inform the design of effective interventions to increase PA levels in universities and other settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Bismarck Ndupu
- grid.8096.70000000106754565School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, 20 Whitefrairs Street, Coventry, CV1 2DS UK
| | - Mark Faghy
- grid.57686.3a0000 0001 2232 4004Human Sciences Research Centre, University of Derby, Kedleston Road, Derby, Derbyshire DE22 1GB UK
| | - Vicki Staples
- grid.57686.3a0000 0001 2232 4004Human Sciences Research Centre, University of Derby, Kedleston Road, Derby, Derbyshire DE22 1GB UK
| | - Sigrid Lipka
- grid.57686.3a0000 0001 2232 4004Human Sciences Research Centre, University of Derby, Kedleston Road, Derby, Derbyshire DE22 1GB UK
| | - Chris Bussell
- grid.57686.3a0000 0001 2232 4004Human Sciences Research Centre, University of Derby, Kedleston Road, Derby, Derbyshire DE22 1GB UK
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Muttaqien Z, Wasityastuti W, Sofyana M, Agustiningsih D, Wibowo RA. A longitudinal controlled signage intervention to increase stair use at university buildings: Process and impact evaluation using RE-AIM framework. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1079241. [PMID: 37143966 PMCID: PMC10151484 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1079241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Stair climbing intervention could be suggested to address low occupational physical activity amongst university students and employees. Strong evidence showed the effectiveness of signage intervention in increasing stair use in public areas. However, evidence in worksite settings, including university settings, was inconclusive. This study aimed to evaluate the process and impact of a signage intervention to increase stair use at a university building using the RE-AIM framework. Method We conducted a non-randomised controlled pretest-posttest study to examine the effect of signage intervention placed in university buildings in Yogyakarta (Indonesia) between September 2019 and March 2020. The process of designing the signage involved the employees in the intervention building. The main outcome was the change in the proportion of stair use to elevator use measured by manual observations of video recordings from closed-circuit television. A linear mixed model examined the intervention effect by controlling the total visitor count as a confounder. RE-AIM framework was used in the process and impact evaluation. Results The change in the proportion of stair climbing from baseline to the 6th-month phase at the intervention building (+0.067 (95% CI = 0.014-0.120)) was significantly higher than that of the control building. However, the signs did not change the proportion of the stair descending at the intervention building. The signs were potentially viewed 15,077-18,868 times/week by visitors. Conclusion Signage intervention using portable posters could easily be adopted, implemented, and maintained in similar settings. A co-produced low-cost signage intervention was found to have a good reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance dimension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaenal Muttaqien
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Widya Wasityastuti
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Meida Sofyana
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Denny Agustiningsih
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Rakhmat Ari Wibowo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Physical Activity for Health Research Centre (PAHRC), Institute for Sport, Physical Education and Health Sciences, Moray House School of Education and Sport, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Rakhmat Ari Wibowo,
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Hoveidamanesh S, Tayefi B, Rampisheh Z, Khalili N, Ramezani M. Factors affecting the physical activity of healthcare workers of Iran University of Medical Sciences: a qualitative study. Arch Public Health 2022; 80:214. [PMID: 36138443 PMCID: PMC9502907 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-022-00963-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Low physical activity in adulthood is a major public health challenge. The majority of adults spend many hours each week at work, and workplace thus becomes a suitable location in which to promote health and implement physical activity programs. This qualitative study was conducted to identify the barriers and facilitators of worksite physical activity from the perspective of the employees of Iran University of Medical Sciences.
Methods
In this qualitative thematic analysis, five focus group discussions were held with the participation of 68 staff members of Iran University of Medical Sciences who had been selected by purposive sampling with maximum diversity.
Results
The analysis of the data led to the identification of three general themes, including challenges and barriers, strategies, and incentives (facilitators). The four main categories of challenges and barriers included policy-making and legislation, organizational factors, structural factors, and personal factors. Most barriers identified by the participants were placed in the personal factors and organizational factors categories. The strategies for increasing physical activity were identified in the following three categories: Policy-making and legislation, organizational factors, and environmental factors. The majority of the strategies proposed were placed in the organizational factors and policy-making and legislation categories.
Conclusions
Increasing physical activity in the workplace as a strategy for the general promotion of physical activity in people requires interventions in different areas, especially with regard to organizational factors and policy-making and legislation.
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Daniels BT, Howie EK. Relationships between physical fitness, health behaviors, and occupational outcomes in students, faculty, and staff of an American university. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022:1-8. [PMID: 35930403 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2107874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined relationships between physical fitness, health behaviors, and occupational outcomes of university affiliates. PARTICIPANTS 166 university affiliates of an American university (including students, faculty, and staff) participated between October 2018 and March 2020. METHODS Participants completed fitness measurements, wore a device to measure physical activity (PA) and sleep for one week, and completed a survey evaluating happiness and job satisfaction. Multiple regression models evaluated associations between physical fitness, health behaviors, and occupational outcomes. RESULTS 45% of participants had "poor" cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and unhealthy % fat. CRF, body composition, and muscular endurance were related to PA while body composition was related to sleep duration. Muscular endurance was related to GPA and job satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest 45% of university affiliates had deficient physical fitness and may benefit from increasing PA and sleep. Universities should evaluate fitness within holistic programs to improve affiliates' health and, ultimately, occupational success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce T Daniels
- Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, USA
| | - Erin K Howie
- Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, USA
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Workplace Physical Activity Barriers and Facilitators: A Qualitative Study Based on Employees Physical Activity Levels. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159442. [PMID: 35954798 PMCID: PMC9367711 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Lack of time, management support, insufficient facilitates, workload balance, and culture are often reported as common barriers to physical activity (PA) participation in the workplace. In comparison, identifying facilitators of PA in the workplace are scarce. A ‘one-size-fits-all’ approach to overcoming the barriers may also be unsuccessful within university settings where multidisciplinary workforce exists due to the heterogeneity nature of job roles. Thus, the aim of this study was to understand the perceived barriers and facilitators of PA of university employees who were classified as active or inactive based on their job roles. Methods: Forty-one employees (female = 17; male = 24) participated in focus groups to discuss their perceived barriers and facilitators to PA in the workplace. Participants were categorised based on their PA levels as active and inactive prior analysing the semi-structured focus groups data via using thematic analysis. Results and Discussion: The results showed that a lack of time was reported by 80% of the participants as a barrier to PA, including 63% inactive and 17% of the active participants. This included 27% administrators’ staff, 23% academics, 19% senior management, and 11% professional service staff. Over 75% participants reported a lack of management support as one of the perceived barriers to their PA engagement in the workplace. Approximately 58% also reported workplace culture as a barrier to PA participation. Open access to a gym on campus was perceived to be the main facilitator to engaging in PA in the future. Similarly, increased management support for engaging in PA and having flexibility during working days were perceived as facilitators for PA engagement and a way to reduced sedentary behaviour in the workplace. Conclusions: These findings contribute to the limited literature in terms of evaluating obstacles and facilitators of university employees to encourage engagement with PA in the workplace. These findings can be applied to form PA, health, and wellbeing-related interventions specifically targeting these identified barriers that are experienced in the workplace and thereby potentially reducing absenteeism and increasing productivity.
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Soteriades ES, Vogazianos P, Tozzi F, Antoniades A, Economidou EC, Psalta L, Spanoudis G. Exercise and Occupational Stress among Firefighters. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:4986. [PMID: 35564381 PMCID: PMC9101080 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19094986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The aim of our study was to evaluate the potential association between physical activity and occupational stress among firefighters. Data were collected from Cypriot firefighters through a web-based battery of internationally validated questionnaires completed anonymously (COPSOQ, DASS). A total of 430 firefighters (response rate 68%) completed the survey (age range: 21-60 years). More than half of the firefighters (54%) reported either no or minimal physical activity. A total of 11% of firefighters reported moderate to extremely severe stress based on the DASS-S scale. Using multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models, we showed that firefighters who exercised had 50% lower risk of occupational stress, and using a categorical model, we found that every hour per week of increased physical activity among firefighters was associated with 16% lower risk of occupational stress after adjusting for age, education, smoking, and body mass index (OR = 1.16; p = 0.05). In addition, our findings suggest an inverse dose-response relationship between physical activity and occupational stress among firefighters. Physical activity appears to be inversely associated with occupational stress and serves as an important mitigating factor of occupational stress in firefighters. Further research is warranted to evaluate the potential effect of exercise interventions on occupational stress, and the overall mental health of firefighters and other occupational groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elpidoforos S. Soteriades
- Healthcare Management Program, School of Economics and Management, Open University of Cyprus, Nicosia 2220, Cyprus
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology (EOME), Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Paris Vogazianos
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Humanities, Social and Education Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia 1516, Cyprus;
| | - Federica Tozzi
- Stremble Ventures Ltd., Limassol 4042, Cyprus; (F.T.); (A.A.)
| | | | | | - Lilia Psalta
- School of Sciences, UCLan Cyprus, Larnaka 7080, Cyprus;
- Department of Psychology, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus;
| | - George Spanoudis
- Department of Psychology, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus;
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A Comparison of Physical Activity and Sedentary Lifestyle of University Employees through ActiGraph and IPAQ-LF. PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.5334/paah.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Sun Q, Qi M, Moyle W, Jones C, Weeks B, Xie Z, Li P. Physical Activity Participation and Psychological Wellbeing in University Office Workers in China and Australia: An Online Survey. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9121618. [PMID: 34946344 PMCID: PMC8702085 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9121618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose: Physical inactivity and prolonged sitting have associations with adverse health. University office workers are at a high risk of psychological and pain issues. This study aimed to explore the differences in sitting time, levels of physical activity participation, stress, depression, anxiety, and pain among university office workers in China and Australia. Methods: Online surveys were distributed to university office workers over 55 years at two universities in China and Australia, respectively. Results: A total of 185 participants completed the online survey (119 in China and 66 in Australia). Significant differences were found in sitting time during workdays between the two countries (p < 0.05) with a longer sitting time in the Australian respondents (7.5 h/day) than those in China (4.6 h/day). Additionally, there were also significant differences in terms of levels of depression and pain symptoms within the two countries (p < 0.05). The Australian respondents reported high levels of depression and pain (M = 7.38, SD = 5.86 and M = 3.65, SD = 2.21, respectively) than those in China (M = 5.71, SD = 4.87 and M = 1.89, SD = 1.89, respectively). The gender, education level, and sitting time of participants were found to be associated with pain scores (p < 0.05). A significant association between marital status and pain scores was found among the Australian respondents (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Future studies with a larger population are needed to validate the results and to further explore the association between physical activity participation and psychological wellbeing among university office workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Sun
- School of Physical Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China;
| | - Meiling Qi
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China;
- Correspondence: (M.Q.); (P.L.)
| | - Wendy Moyle
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; (W.M.); (C.J.); (B.W.)
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Cindy Jones
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; (W.M.); (C.J.); (B.W.)
- Faculty of Health Science & Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD 4226, Australia
| | - Benjamin Weeks
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; (W.M.); (C.J.); (B.W.)
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Zihui Xie
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China;
| | - Ping Li
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China;
- Correspondence: (M.Q.); (P.L.)
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14
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Faghy MA, Duncan MJ, Pringle A, Meharry JB, Roscoe CMP. UK university staff experience high levels of sedentary behaviour during work and leisure time. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND ERGONOMICS 2021; 28:1104-1111. [PMID: 33428548 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2021.1874704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective. Reducing sedentary behaviours at work is imperative. Before effective strategies can be developed there is a need to understand profiles of activity within particular roles and organizations. This study aimed to determine activity profiles of staff by job title at a UK university. Methods. Three-hundred and seventeen participants completed the international physical activity questionnaire - short form to determine physical activity profiles. Fifty-one participants also wore a wrist-worn GENEActiv accelerometer for 7 days and completed a self-report diary denoting work and leisure hours. Results. Twenty-one per cent of respondents were categorized as inactive and achieved 298 ± 178 metabolic equivalent minutes (MET-min)/week. Those in administrative roles were most sedentary (501 ± 161 min/day). Accelerometer data highlighted that sedentary time was identical between job roles (pooled mean 8746 ± 823 counts) and equated to 84 ± 9% of total time. During working hours, management, professional and specialist job roles had the highest level of sedentary time (2066 ± 416 counts). Conclusion. Time spent undertaking sedentary activities during working hours contributes to reduced overall activity and can impede productivity, performance and health. Interventions encouraging regular movement and preventing sedentary behaviours at work are therefore required.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Faghy
- Human Science Research Centre, University of Derby, UK
| | - M J Duncan
- Faculty Research Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, UK
| | - A Pringle
- Human Science Research Centre, University of Derby, UK
| | | | - C M P Roscoe
- Human Science Research Centre, University of Derby, UK
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15
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McDonald H, Gould R, Delaney D, Vecchio N. An investigation of the health-promoting practices of Australian universities. Health Promot Int 2021; 36:1403-1412. [PMID: 33576376 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daab004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Workplace health promotion programmes (WHPPs) are more likely to succeed where design and implementation account for the influence of health's complex, systemic nature. Thus, a greater understanding of how frameworks developed to progress WHPPs are operationalized across different countries and industries is needed. This study investigates health concerns targeted in an underexplored setting-Australian universities, describing how diverse programmes are implemented to target different health issues and health risk factors. Content analysis is used to outline how Australian universities implement WHPPs to target diverse health concerns. Content from 497 website documents is collected and analysed using NVivo software. A framework for examining diverse WHPPs currently used in practice is developed. Based on this framework, it was evident that Australian universities emphasized initiatives targeting health issues focusing on 'mental health' and 'diabetes'. Regarding health risk factors, 'alcohol and other addictions', 'discrimination and harassment', and 'physical activity' were emphasized. Links between different health concerns targeted and corresponding WHPPs implemented, provide workplaces with a benchmark for designing and implementing programmes. University WHPPs targeted a diverse range of health concerns when enough legal and political motivations to do so existed. These findings about the motivations for improving employee health indicate a potential gap between health promotion benefits reported in literature and the appreciation for these benefits in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayden McDonald
- Department of Accounting, Torrens University Australia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ryan Gould
- Department of Employment Relations and Human Resources, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Deborah Delaney
- Department of Accounting, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Nerina Vecchio
- Department of Accounting, Finance and Economics, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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16
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Larisch LM, Kallings LV, Hagströmer M, Desai M, von Rosen P, Blom V. Associations between 24 h Movement Behavior and Mental Health in Office Workers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17176214. [PMID: 32867159 PMCID: PMC7503924 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The associations between 24 h movement behavior, i.e., the way people distribute their time in different movement-related behaviors, on mental health are not well understood. This study applied a compositional data analysis approach to explore cross-sectional associations between device-measured moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), light intensity physical activity (LIPA), sedentary behavior (SED), self-reported time in bed and mental health outcomes, i.e., depression or anxiety symptoms, burnout, mental wellbeing and stress, in office workers. ActiGraph accelerometers were worn for 24 h for at least 4 days to assess MVPA, LIPA, and SED. Sleep diaries were used in addition to identify time in bed. Analytic sample sizes for the different outcomes ranged from N = 345-370 participants. In this population of office workers with high levels of MVPA, the entire movement behavior composition was not associated to any of the mental health outcomes, but MVPA relative to all other behaviors was positively associated with mental wellbeing. This confirms the importance of MVPA for health relative to other movement-related behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa-Marie Larisch
- Department for Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, 114 33 Stockholm, Sweden; (L.V.K.); (V.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-72-247-8050
| | - Lena V. Kallings
- Department for Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, 114 33 Stockholm, Sweden; (L.V.K.); (V.B.)
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Family Medicine and Preventive Medicine, Uppsala University, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Hagströmer
- Department of Neurobiology, Care sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Karolinska Institutet, 141 83 Stockholm, Sweden; (M.H.); (P.v.R.)
- Academic Primary Health Care Centre, Region Stockholm, 113 65 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Health Promoting Science, Sophiahemmet University, 11486 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Manisha Desai
- Quantitative Science Unit, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA;
| | - Philip von Rosen
- Department of Neurobiology, Care sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Karolinska Institutet, 141 83 Stockholm, Sweden; (M.H.); (P.v.R.)
| | - Victoria Blom
- Department for Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, 114 33 Stockholm, Sweden; (L.V.K.); (V.B.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
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17
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Patterson MS, Gagnon LR, Nelon JL, Spadine MN. A pilot study using egocentric network analysis to assess holistic health benefits among a sample of university employees involved in a worksite fitness program. Work 2020; 66:63-72. [PMID: 32417814 DOI: 10.3233/wor-203151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Working adults in the United States often do not engage in enough exercise to experience health benefits. With workplaces becoming increasingly sedentary, more emphasis is placed on providing exercise opportunities at work. Evidence suggests participating in exercise during the workday and socially connecting with others while exercising, can lead to positive health outcomes. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to examine whether mental and social health factors were related to increased exercise among employees participating in a worksite group exercise program. METHODS An egocentric network analysis was conducted on a sample of university employees (n = 57). RESULTS Regression analyses (Adjusted R2 = 0.501, F = 4.686, p = 0.001) suggest that depression (β= -0.548, p = 0.041), stress (β= 0.530, p = 0.016), nominating alters who exercise similarly (β= 0.326, t = 2.111, p = 0.045), average exercise scores across egonetworks (β= -0.330, t = -2.135, p = 0.043), and nominating other group exercise members (β= 0.579, t = 3.721, p = 0.001) were related to physical activity scores. CONCLUSION These findings provide empirical support for using group exercise environments as a mechanism for increasing exercise among employees. Specifically, fostering social connections between employees involved in the program can lead to greater physical activity scores. Future research should confirm these results in larger samples, along with determining more causal relationships with longitudinal and experimental designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan S Patterson
- Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Leah R Gagnon
- Community Health Center of Southeast Kansas, Pittsburg, KS, USA
| | - Jordan L Nelon
- Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Mandy N Spadine
- Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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18
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Suárez-Reyes M, Muñoz Serrano M, Van den Broucke S. How do universities implement the Health Promoting University concept? Health Promot Int 2020; 34:1014-1024. [PMID: 30052965 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/day055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Health Promoting University (HPU) concept encourages universities to incorporate health into the university culture, processes and policies in an effort to promote the health of the university community. Universities worldwide have adopted the approach and a framework for action has been developed to guide universities to become a HPU. However, information on how universities translate the framework into actions is scarce. This study explored the way in which 54 universities from 25 countries across the world implemented the HPU framework. An online questionnaire was used to assess the action areas and items of work addressed by the universities and to determine their adherence to the components of the HPU framework: use of the whole systems approach; multiservice collaboration; recognition by the university authorities; funding availability; membership of a HPU network and evaluation of the initiative. The results showed that these components were addressed by most universities. A Multi Correspondence and cluster analysis identified four types of universities based on the implementation of the components: 'emerging' HPUs that are not recognized by the university authorities and tend to not apply the whole systems approach or evaluation of the initiative, and 'established' HPUs that are recognized by the authorities, apply the whole systems approach and evaluate the initiative but that differ with regard to funding and membership of a HPU network. These results demonstrate that universities implement the HPU framework for action differently in order to become a Health Promoting University.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Suárez-Reyes
- Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, 10 Place Cardinal Mercier, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Mónica Muñoz Serrano
- Escuela de Enfermería, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, 7820436, Santiago, Chile
| | - Stephan Van den Broucke
- Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, 10 Place Cardinal Mercier, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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19
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López-Bueno R, Andersen LL, Smith L, López-Sánchez GF, Mompel J, Casedas L, Casajús JA. Physical activity and perceived stress at work in university workers: a cross-sectional study. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2019; 60:314-319. [PMID: 31818060 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.19.10259-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research has suggested high levels of physical activity (PA), either in occupational or leisure-time, to be associated with low levels of perceived stress at work (PSW). However, because studies have been set in particular conditions, there is no possibility to generalize results on other populations of workers. This study investigated the association between PA and PSW in university workers. METHODS University employees (N.=757) aged from 26 to 65 years (47% female) at a large public Spanish university. Data were collected between January 2017 and December 2017. Physical Activity Vital Sign (PAVS) questionnaire and a single-item scale were used to assess PA levels and PSW. Associations were examined through an adjusted logistic regression. RESULTS Results showed the strongest association between high PSW and low PA levels after adjusting for age, gender and profession (odds ratio [OR] 2.60, 95% CI: 1.44-3.68). Around half of the employees (51.9%) performed at least 150 minutes of PA per week, which is higher than in most other Spanish and European worker populations. CONCLUSIONS Adequately high levels of PA may be beneficial for stress management in university workers as previously seen in other types of workers. Promoting PA strategies at the workplace could improve the working environment and the health of the workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén López-Bueno
- Department of Physical Medicine and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain - .,National Research Center for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark -
| | - Lars L Andersen
- National Research Center for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lee Smith
- The Cambridge Centre for Sports and Exercise Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Javier Mompel
- Occupational Risk Division, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Luis Casedas
- Occupational Risk Division, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José A Casajús
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center about Nutrition and Obesity Physiopathology (CIBER-OBN), Madrid, Spain.,AgriFood Institute of Aragon (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain
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20
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Qi M, Moyle W, Jones C, Weeks B. Physical Activity and Psychological Well-Being in Older University Office Workers: Survey Findings. Workplace Health Saf 2018; 67:123-130. [PMID: 30160192 DOI: 10.1177/2165079918790585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged sitting time has been reported among university workers which can have adverse health effects. The aim of this study was to examine the sitting time, physical activity, and psychological well-being reported by older university office workers. An online self-reported survey was distributed to all office workers 55 years and older at one university in Australia. Sixty-six office workers were recruited. They reported an average sitting time of 7.5 hours per day on weekdays. In all, 72.7% of the sample reported both moderate and high physical activity levels. A high percentage of the office workers reported depression (25.8%) and anxiety (12.1%). Lower education levels were significantly related to higher perceived stress and more depressive symptomatology ( p = .03 and .02, respectively). Significant associations were found between stress, depression, and anxiety ( p < .001) among this group of workers.
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21
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Malinauskiene V, Malinauskas R, Malinauskas M. Leisure-time physical inactivity and psychological distress in female-dominated occupations in Lithuania. Women Health 2017; 59:28-40. [PMID: 29281591 DOI: 10.1080/03630242.2017.1421288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Poor mental health, manifesting as psychological distress, has become a leading problem recently; therefore, determining associated factors is important, especially in female-dominated occupations, as women are more prone to psychological distress than men, in part due to demands of both professional and domestic tasks. The objective of the present study was to investigate associations between leisure-time physical inactivity and psychological distress, accounting for the possible relation of psychosocial factors at work (job demands, job control, social support at work, workplace bullying) and life events in representative samples of family physicians, internal medicine department nurses and secondary-school teachers in Lithuania. In total, 323 family physicians, 748 internal medicine department nurses and 517 secondary-school teachers were interviewed during 2012-2014 in Lithuania. Godin leisure-time exercise, Goldberg General Health, Job content, and Negative acts questionnaires were administered. Logistic regression was used. A high proportion of family physicians, nurses and teachers were physically inactive during leisure. Leisure-time physical inactivity was strongly associated with psychological distress, adjusting for age, workplace bullying, job demands, job control, social support at work and traumatic life events in all three female-dominated occupations. Efforts to increase leisure-time physical activity level in medical occupations could be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilija Malinauskiene
- a Department of Population Studies , Lithuanian University of Health Sciences , Kaunas , Lithuania
| | - Romualdas Malinauskas
- b Department of Health, Physical and Social Education , Lithuanian Sports University , Kaunas , Lithuania
| | - Mindaugas Malinauskas
- c Academy of Medicine , Lithuanian University of Health Sciences , Kaunas , Lithuania
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22
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GPs' mental wellbeing and psychological resources: a cross-sectional survey. Br J Gen Pract 2017; 67:e547-e554. [PMID: 28716997 PMCID: PMC5519126 DOI: 10.3399/bjgp17x691709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The negative impact of work has been the traditional focus of GP surveys. We know little about GP positive mental health and psychological resources. Aim To profile and contextualise GP positive mental health and personal psychological resources. Design and setting Cross-sectional survey of GPs working in Northern Ireland (NI). Method A questionnaire comprising the Warwick Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (WEMWBS) and measures of resilience, optimism, self-efficacy, and hope, and sociodemographic information was posted to 400 GPs randomly selected from a publicly available GP register. Results The response rate was 55% (n = 221 out of 400). Mean value for GP wellbeing (WEMWBS) was 50.2 (standard deviation [SD] 8) compared to UK vets 48.8 (SD 9), UK teachers 47.2 (SD 9), and the population of NI 50.8 (SD 9). After adjustment for confounding, mean WEMWBS was 2.4 units (95% CI = 0.02 to 4.7) higher in female GPs than males (P = 0.05), and 4.0 units (95% CI = 0.8 to 7.3) higher in GPs ≥55 years than GPs ≤44 years (P = 0.02). Optimism was 1.1 units higher in female GPs than male GPs (95% CI = 0.1 to 2.0), and 1.56 units higher in GPs ≥55 years (95% CI = 0.2 to 2.9) than in those ≤44 years. Hope was 3 units higher in GPs ≥55 years (95% CI = 0.4 to 5.7) than in those aged 45–54 years. Correlation between WEMWBS and psychological resources was highest with hope (r = 0.65, P < 0.001). Conclusion GPs have levels of positive mental health that are comparable to the local population and better than other occupational groups, such as vets and teachers. Male and younger GPs may have most to gain from wellbeing interventions.
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23
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Brinkley A, Freeman J, McDermott H, Munir F. What are the Facilitators and Obstacles to Participation in Workplace Team Sport? A Qualitative Study. AIMS Public Health 2017; 4:94-126. [PMID: 29922705 PMCID: PMC5963118 DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2017.1.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Working age adults are failing to meet physical activity recommendations. Inactive behaviours are increasing costs for diminished individual and organisational health. The workplace is a priority setting to promote physical activity, however there is a lack of evidence about why some employees choose to participate in novel workplace activities, such as team sport, whilst others do not. The aim of this study was to explore the complexity of facilitators and obstacles associated with participation in workplace team sport. Twenty-nine semi-structured face-to-face and telephone interviews were conducted with office workers (58% female) (36 ± 7.71) from manufacturing, public services, and educational services. Data was analysed through template analysis. Five sub-level (i.e., intrapersonal, interpersonal, organisational, community and societal influences) facilitate participation or create obstacles for participants. Participants were challenged by a lack of competence, self-efficacy, negative sporting ideals and amotivation. Unhealthy competition, an unstable work-life balance and unsupportive colleagues created obstacles to participation. An unsupportive organisation and workplace culture placed demands on workplace champions, funding, facilities and communication. Healthy competitions, high perceptions of competence and self-efficacy, and being motivated autonomously enabled participation. Further, relatedness and social support created a physical activity culture where flexible working was encouraged and team sport was promoted in accessible locations within the organisation. Researchers should consider accounting for complexity of these influences. A participatory approach may tailor interventions to individual organisations and the employees that work within them. Interventions whereby autonomy, competence and relatedness are supported are recommended. This may be achieved by adapting sports and training workplace champions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Brinkley
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, United Kingdom, LE11 3TU
| | - Josie Freeman
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, United Kingdom, LE11 3TU.,Atos, Atos IT Services, Regents's Place, 4 Triton Square, London, United Kingdom, NW1 3HG
| | - Hilary McDermott
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, United Kingdom, LE11 3TU
| | - Fehmidah Munir
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, United Kingdom, LE11 3TU
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Zuniga-Teran AA, Orr BJ, Gimblett RH, Chalfoun NV, Guertin DP, Marsh SE. Neighborhood Design, Physical Activity, and Wellbeing: Applying the Walkability Model. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:E76. [PMID: 28098785 PMCID: PMC5295327 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neighborhood design affects lifestyle physical activity, and ultimately human wellbeing. There are, however, a limited number of studies that examine neighborhood design types. In this research, we examine four types of neighborhood designs: traditional development, suburban development, enclosed community, and cluster housing development, and assess their level of walkability and their effects on physical activity and wellbeing. We examine significant associations through a questionnaire (n = 486) distributed in Tucson, Arizona using the Walkability Model. Among the tested neighborhood design types, traditional development showed significant associations and the highest value for walkability, as well as for each of the two types of walking (recreation and transportation) representing physical activity. Suburban development showed significant associations and the highest mean values for mental health and wellbeing. Cluster housing showed significant associations and the highest mean value for social interactions with neighbors and for perceived safety from crime. Enclosed community did not obtain the highest means for any wellbeing benefit. The Walkability Model proved useful in identifying the walkability categories associated with physical activity and perceived crime. For example, the experience category was strongly and inversely associated with perceived crime. This study provides empirical evidence of the importance of including vegetation, particularly trees, throughout neighborhoods in order to increase physical activity and wellbeing. Likewise, the results suggest that regular maintenance is an important strategy to improve mental health and overall wellbeing in cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana A Zuniga-Teran
- Udall Center for Studies in Public Policy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA.
| | - Barron J Orr
- Department of Ecology, University of Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig 03690, Spain.
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
| | - Randy H Gimblett
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
| | - Nader V Chalfoun
- College of Architecture, Planning and Landscape Architecture, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA.
| | - David P Guertin
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
| | - Stuart E Marsh
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
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25
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Zuniga-Teran AA, Orr BJ, Gimblett RH, Chalfoun NV, Guertin DP, Marsh SE. Neighborhood Design, Physical Activity, and Wellbeing: Applying the Walkability Model. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14010076. [PMID: 28098785 DOI: 10.1016/j.foar.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Neighborhood design affects lifestyle physical activity, and ultimately human wellbeing. There are, however, a limited number of studies that examine neighborhood design types. In this research, we examine four types of neighborhood designs: traditional development, suburban development, enclosed community, and cluster housing development, and assess their level of walkability and their effects on physical activity and wellbeing. We examine significant associations through a questionnaire (n = 486) distributed in Tucson, Arizona using the Walkability Model. Among the tested neighborhood design types, traditional development showed significant associations and the highest value for walkability, as well as for each of the two types of walking (recreation and transportation) representing physical activity. Suburban development showed significant associations and the highest mean values for mental health and wellbeing. Cluster housing showed significant associations and the highest mean value for social interactions with neighbors and for perceived safety from crime. Enclosed community did not obtain the highest means for any wellbeing benefit. The Walkability Model proved useful in identifying the walkability categories associated with physical activity and perceived crime. For example, the experience category was strongly and inversely associated with perceived crime. This study provides empirical evidence of the importance of including vegetation, particularly trees, throughout neighborhoods in order to increase physical activity and wellbeing. Likewise, the results suggest that regular maintenance is an important strategy to improve mental health and overall wellbeing in cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana A Zuniga-Teran
- Udall Center for Studies in Public Policy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA.
| | - Barron J Orr
- Department of Ecology, University of Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig 03690, Spain.
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
| | - Randy H Gimblett
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
| | - Nader V Chalfoun
- College of Architecture, Planning and Landscape Architecture, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA.
| | - David P Guertin
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
| | - Stuart E Marsh
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
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Lindsay DB, Devine S, Sealey RM, Leicht AS. Time kinetics of physical activity, sitting, and quality of life measures within a regional workplace: a cross-sectional analysis. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:786. [PMID: 27527583 PMCID: PMC4986191 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3487-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Interventions to increase physical activity and reduce sedentary behaviours within the workplace have been previously investigated. However, the evolution of these constructs without intervention has not been well documented. This retrospective study explored the natural progression or time kinetics of physical activity, sedentary behaviours and quality of life in a professional skilled workplace where focussed interventions were lacking. Methods Participants (n = 346) employed as full-time staff members at a regional university completed an online survey in 2013 assessing physical activity and sedentary behaviours via the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and quality of life via the Short-Form 36v2 questionnaire. Differences between that cohort of participants and an initial sample of similar participants (2009, n = 297), accounting for gender and staff categories (academic vs. professional), were examined using ANCOVAs with working hours as a co-variate. Results In comparison to the initial cohort, the follow-up cohort reported significantly less leisure-time, total walking, total vigorous and total physical activity levels, and lower overall physical health for quality of life (p < 0.05). In contrast, the follow-up cohort reported a significantly greater weekly sitting time, greater mental health scores for quality of life and greater total moderate physical activity levels (p < 0.05) compared to the initial cohort. Conclusions Over a 4-year timeframe and without focussed workplace interventions, total physical activity levels were lower with sedentary behaviours greater at a rate twice that reported previously. Continuation of these undesirable health behaviours may impact negatively on worker productivity and health at a greater rate than that currently reported. Workplace interventions targeting sedentary behaviours and physical activity should be actively incorporated into organisations to counteract the alarming behavioural trends found in this study to maintain and/or enhance employee health and productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B Lindsay
- Psychology and Public Health, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Sue Devine
- Public Health, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Rebecca M Sealey
- Sport and Exercise Science, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | - Anthony S Leicht
- Sport and Exercise Science, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia.
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Mills PJ, Wilson KL, Pung MA, Weiss L, Patel S, Doraiswamy PM, Peterson CT, Porter V, Schadt E, Chopra D, Tanzi RE. The Self-Directed Biological Transformation Initiative and Well-Being. J Altern Complement Med 2016; 22:627-34. [DOI: 10.1089/acm.2016.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paul J. Mills
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Fellow, Samueli Institute, Alexandria, VA
| | - Kathleen L. Wilson
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Meredith A. Pung
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | | | - Sheila Patel
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- The Chopra Center for Wellbeing, Carlsbad, CA
| | | | - Christine Tara Peterson
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- The Chopra Center for Wellbeing, Carlsbad, CA
| | - Valencia Porter
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- The Chopra Center for Wellbeing, Carlsbad, CA
| | - Eric Schadt
- Genetics and Genomics Sciences, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY
| | - Deepak Chopra
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- The Chopra Center for Wellbeing, Carlsbad, CA
| | - Rudolph E. Tanzi
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Kling HE, Yang X, Messiah SE, Arheart KL, Brannan D, Caban-Martinez AJ. Opportunities for Increased Physical Activity in the Workplace: the Walking Meeting (WaM) Pilot Study, Miami, 2015. Prev Chronic Dis 2016; 13:E83. [PMID: 27337560 PMCID: PMC4927270 DOI: 10.5888/pcd13.160111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Despite the positive impact walking has on human health, few opportunities exist for workers with largely sedentary jobs to increase physical activity while at work. The objective of this pilot study was to examine the implementation, feasibility, and acceptability of using a Walking Meeting (WaM) protocol to increase the level of work-related physical activity among a group of sedentary white-collar workers. Methods White-collar workers at a large university were invited to participate in a newly developed WaM protocol. Workers who conducted weekly meetings in groups of 2 or 3 individuals were recruited for the pilot study (n = 18) that took place from January 2015 to August 2015. Seventeen participants wore an accelerometer to measure physical activity levels during 3 consecutive weeks (first week baseline, followed by 2 weeks of organized WaMs) and participated in focus groups conducted during week 3 to document experiences with the WaM protocol. Results The WaM protocol met study criteria on feasibility, implementation, and acceptability among study participants. The average number of minutes (standard deviation) participants engaged in combined work-related moderate/vigorous physical activity per week during the 3 weeks increased from an average of 107 (55) minutes during the baseline week to 114 (67) minutes at week 2 and to 117 (65) minutes at week 3. Conclusion White- collar workers were supportive of transforming regular seated meetings into walking meetings and increased their work-related physical activity levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E Kling
- Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Xuan Yang
- Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Sarah E Messiah
- Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | | | | | - Alberto J Caban-Martinez
- Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th St, 10th Floor (R-669), Clinical Research Building, Rm 1025, Miami, Florida 33136.
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