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Xiao W, Li M, Li D, Shi B, Zhong R, Zhao Y, Tai Q, He S, Dong Q. Schottky Interface Enabled Electrospun Rhodium Oxide Doped Gold for Both pH Sensing and Glucose Measurements in Neutral Buffer and Human Serum. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:20797-20810. [PMID: 39287604 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c02999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
This study has focused on adjusting sensing environment from basic to neutral pH and improve sensing performance by doping electrodeposited gold (Au) with metal oxide for nonenzymatic glucose measurements in forming a Schottky interface for superior glucose sensing with detailed analysis for the sensing mechanism. The prepared sensor also holds the ability to measure pH with the identical electrospun metal oxide-electrodeposited Au, which composed a dual sensor (glucose and pH sensor) through applying chronoamperometry and open circuit potential methods. The rhodium oxide nanocoral structure was fabricated with an electrospinning precursor solution, followed by a calcination process, and it was mixed with electrodeposited nanocoral gold to form the Schottky interface by constructing a p-n type heterogeneous junction for improved sensitivity in glucose detection. The prepared materials were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS), etc. The prepared materials were used for both pH responsive testing and amperometric glucose measurements. The rhodium oxide nanocoral doped gold demonstrated a sensitivity of 3.52 μA mM-1 cm-2 and limit of detection of 20 μM with linear range up to 3 mM glucose concentration compared to solely electrodeposited gold for a sensitivity of 0.46 μA mM-1 cm-2 and a limit of detection of 450 μM. The Mott-Schottky method was used for the analysis of an electron transfer process from noble metal to metal oxide to electrolyte in demonstrating the improved sensitivity at neutral pH for glucose measurements due to the Schottky barrier adjustment mechanism at an applied flat band potential of 0.3 V. This work opens a new venue in illustrating the metal oxide/metal materials in the glucose neutral response mechanism. In the end, human serum samples were tested against current commercial glucose meter to certify the accuracy of the proposed sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyu Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, No. 111 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Dushu Lake Higher Education and Innovation Park, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingman Li
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, No. 111 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Dushu Lake Higher Education and Innovation Park, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Danlei Li
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, No. 111 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Dushu Lake Higher Education and Innovation Park, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Shi
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Runze Zhong
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiyuan Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingliang Tai
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Songbing He
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuchen Dong
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, No. 111 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Dushu Lake Higher Education and Innovation Park, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
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Adalian D, Madero X, Chen S, Jilani M, Smith RD, Li S, Ahlbrecht C, Cardenas J, Agarwal A, Emami A, Plettenburg O, Petillo PA, Scherer A. Patterned thin film enzyme electrodes via spincoating and glutaraldehyde vapor crosslinking: towards scalable fabrication of integrated sensor-on-CMOS devices. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:4172-4181. [PMID: 39099534 DOI: 10.1039/d4lc00206g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Effective continuous glucose monitoring solutions require consistent sensor performance over the lifetime of the device, a manageable variance between devices, and the capability of high volume, low cost production. Here we present a novel and microfabrication-compatible method of depositing and stabilizing enzyme layers on top of planar electrodes that can aid in the mass production of sensors while also improving their consistency. This work is focused on the fragile biorecognition layer as that has been a critical difficulty in the development of microfabricated sensors. We test this approach with glucose oxidase (GOx) and evaluate the sensor performance with amperometric measurements of in vitro glucose concentrations. Spincoating was used to deposit a uniform enzyme layer across a wafer, which was subsequently immobilized via glutaraldehyde vapor crosslinking and patterned via liftoff. This yielded an approximately 300 nm thick sensing layer which was applied to arrays of microfabricated platinum electrodes built on blank wafers. Taking advantage of their planar array format, measurements were then performed in high-throughput parallel instrumentation. Due to their thin structure, the coated electrodes exhibited subsecond stabilization times after the bias potential was applied. The deposited enzyme layers were measured to provide a sensitivity of 2.3 ± 0.2 μA mM-1 mm-2 with suitable saturation behavior and minimal performance shift observed over extended use. The same methodology was then demonstrated directly on top of wireless CMOS potentiostats to build a monolithic sensor with similar measured performance. This work demonstrates the effectiveness of the combination of spincoating and vapor stabilization processes for wafer scale enzymatic sensor functionalization and the potential for scalable fabrication of monolithic sensor-on-CMOS devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dvin Adalian
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
| | - Xiomi Madero
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
| | - Samson Chen
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
| | - Musab Jilani
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
| | - Richard D Smith
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
| | - Songtai Li
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
| | - Christin Ahlbrecht
- Institute for Medicinal Chemistry, Molecular Targets and Therapeutics Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Juan Cardenas
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
| | - Abhinav Agarwal
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
| | - Azita Emami
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
| | - Oliver Plettenburg
- Institute for Medicinal Chemistry, Molecular Targets and Therapeutics Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Peter A Petillo
- Design-Zyme LLC, 4950 Research Park Way, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, USA
| | - Axel Scherer
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
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Qin Z, Zhang J, Li S. Molybdenum Disulfide as Tunable Electrochemical and Optical Biosensing Platforms for Cancer Biomarker Detection: A Review. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:848. [PMID: 37754082 PMCID: PMC10527254 DOI: 10.3390/bios13090848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a common illness with a high mortality. Compared with traditional technologies, biomarker detection, with its low cost and simple operation, has a higher sensitivity and faster speed in the early screening and prognosis of cancer. Therefore, extensive research has focused on the development of biosensors and the construction of sensing interfaces. Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is a promising two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterial, whose unique adjustable bandgap shows excellent electronic and optical properties in the construction of biosensor interfaces. It not only has the advantages of a high catalytic activity and low manufacturing costs, but it can also further expand the application of hybrid structures through different functionalization, and it is widely used in various biosensors fields. Herein, we provide a detailed introduction to the structure and synthesis methods of MoS2, and explore the unique properties and advantages/disadvantages exhibited by different structures. Specifically, we focus on the excellent properties and application performance of MoS2 and its composite structures, and discuss the widespread application of MoS2 in cancer biomarkers detection from both electrochemical and optical dimensions. Additionally, with the cross development of emerging technologies, we have also expanded the application of other emerging sensors based on MoS2 for early cancer diagnosis. Finally, we summarized the challenges and prospects of MoS2 in the synthesis, functionalization of composite groups, and applications, and provided some insights into the potential applications of these emerging nanomaterials in a wider range of fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyue Qin
- Medical College, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Z.Q.); (J.Z.)
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Medical College, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Z.Q.); (J.Z.)
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Medical College, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Z.Q.); (J.Z.)
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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Yang J, Zheng S, Ma D, Zhang T, Huang X, Huang S, Chen HJ, Wang J, Jiang L, Xie X. Masticatory system-inspired microneedle theranostic platform for intelligent and precise diabetic management. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo6900. [PMID: 36516258 PMCID: PMC9750147 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo6900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Integrated systems for diabetic theranostics present advanced technology to regulate diabetes yet still have critical challenges in terms of accuracy, long-term monitoring, and minimal invasiveness. Inspired by the feature and functions of animal masticatory system, we presented a biomimetic microneedle theranostic platform (MNTP) for intelligent and precise management of diabetes. The MNTP was supported by a miniatured circuit, which used microneedle arrays for on-demand skin penetration, enabling interstitial fluid exudation for simultaneous detection of glucose and physiological ions, and subcutaneous insulin delivery. Interstitial fluid exudation enabled sensing in oxygen-rich environment via the incorporated epidermal sensor functionalized with hybrid carbon nanomaterials. This feature addressed the biosafety issues due to implanted electrodes and the "oxygen-deficit" issues in vivo. The MNTP was demonstrated to accurately detect glucose and ions and deliver insulin to regulate hyperglycemia. The biomimetic and intelligent features of the MNTP endowed it as a highly advanced system for diabetes therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shantao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Deyuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xinshuo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shuang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hui-jiuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ji Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lelun Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Xi Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Dias C, Fernandes E, Barbosa RM, Ledo A. A Platinized Carbon Fiber Microelectrode-Based Oxidase Biosensor for Amperometric Monitoring of Lactate in Brain Slices. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:7011. [PMID: 36146360 PMCID: PMC9501957 DOI: 10.3390/s22187011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Direct and real-time monitoring of lactate in the extracellular space can help elucidate the metabolic and modulatory role of lactate in the brain. Compared to in vivo studies, brain slices allow the investigation of the neural contribution separately from the effects of cerebrovascular response and permit easy control of recording conditions. METHODS We have used a platinized carbon fiber microelectrode platform to design an oxidase-based microbiosensor for monitoring lactate in brain slices with high spatial and temporal resolution operating at 32 °C. Lactate oxidase (Aerococcus viridans) was immobilized by crosslinking with glutaraldehyde and a layer of polyurethane was added to extend the linear range. Selectivity was improved by electropolymerization of m-phenylenediamine and concurrent use of a null sensor. RESULTS The lactate microbiosensor exhibited high sensitivity, selectivity, and optimal analytical performance at a pH and temperature compatible with recording in hippocampal slices. Evaluation of operational stability under conditions of repeated use supports the suitability of this design for up to three repeated assays. CONCLUSIONS The microbiosensor displayed good analytical performance to monitor rapid changes in lactate concentration in the hippocampal tissue in response to potassium-evoked depolarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cândida Dias
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Eliana Fernandes
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rui M. Barbosa
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Ledo
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
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Tipnis N, Kastellorizios M, Legassey A, Papadimitrakopoulos F, Jain F, Burgess DJ. Sterilization of Drug-Loaded Composite Coatings for Implantable Glucose Biosensors. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2021; 15:646-654. [PMID: 31786953 PMCID: PMC8120053 DOI: 10.1177/1932296819890620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An anti-inflammatory drug-loaded composite coating (dexamethasone-loaded poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) [PLGA] microspheres/polyvinyl alcohol [PVA] hydrogel) was previously developed to counter the foreign body reaction to a fully implantable continuous glucose monitoring biosensor. The long-term sensor functionality was ensured in the presence of the drug-loaded composite coating thus facilitating better diabetes control and management. In order to advance such a drug-device combination product toward clinical testing, addressing sterilization remains a key step due to the heterogeneity of the product components. The main objective of this research was to investigate the effect of two terminal sterilization techniques: gamma radiation and ethylene oxide (EO) on the stability of the anti-inflammatory coatings as well as retention of the glucose sensing ability of the implantable sensor. METHOD The composite coatings, their individual components, and the glucose-sensing elements of the biosensor were subjected to low-temperature gamma radiation and EO cycles. Detailed characterization was conducted on all components before and after sterilization. RESULTS Exposure to gamma radiation affected dexamethasone crystallinity and glucose response linearity of the sensing element, whereas physical aging of microspheres in composite coatings was observed poststerilization with EO. Despite these effects, dexamethasone drug release from coatings was not significantly affected by either technique. CONCLUSION The research findings indicate that both sterilization techniques are feasible for the sterilization of the dexamethasone-loaded PLGA microspheres/PVA hydrogel composite coatings, while EO was preferred for the sterilization of the glucose-sensing element of the biosensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namita Tipnis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Michail Kastellorizios
- Biorasis, Inc., UConn Technology
Incubation Program, Storrs, CT, USA
- Current address: Department of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort
Worth, TX, USA
| | - Allen Legassey
- Biorasis, Inc., UConn Technology
Incubation Program, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Fotios Papadimitrakopoulos
- Biorasis, Inc., UConn Technology
Incubation Program, Storrs, CT, USA
- Institute of Materials Science,
University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Faquir Jain
- Biorasis, Inc., UConn Technology
Incubation Program, Storrs, CT, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Diane J. Burgess
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
- Diane J. Burgess, PhD, Department of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, 69 N. Eagleville Rd, Storrs,
CT 06269, USA.
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7
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Design of a Sandwich Hierarchically Porous Membrane with Oxygen Supplement Function for Implantable Glucose Sensor. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10082848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to develop an oxygen regeneration layer sandwiched between multiple porous polyurethanes (PU) to improve the performance of implantable glucose sensors. Sensors were prepared by coating electrodes with platinum nanoparticles, Nafion, glucose oxidase and sandwich hierarchically porous membrane with an oxygen supplement function (SHPM-OS). The SHPM-OS consisted of a hierarchically porous structure synthesized by polyethylene glycol and PU and a catalase (Cat) layer that was coated between hierarchical membranes and used to balance the sensitivity and linearity of glucose sensors, as well as reduce the influence of oxygen deficiency during monitoring. Compared with the sensitivity and linearity of traditional non-porous (NO-P) sensors (35.95 nA/mM, 0.9987, respectively) and single porous (SGL-P) sensors (45.3 nA /mM, 0.9610, respectively), the sensitivity and linearity of the SHPM-OS sensor was 98.45 nA/mM and 0.9989, respectively, which was more sensitive with higher linearity. The sensor showed a response speed of five seconds and a relative sensitivity of 90% in the first 10 days and remained 78% on day 20. This sensor coated with SHPM-OS achieved rapid responses to changes of glucose concentration while maintaining high linearity for long monitoring times. Thus, it may reduce the difficulty of back-end hardware module development and assist with effective glucose self-management for people with diabetes.
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Barbone AS, Meftah M, Markiewicz K, Dellimore K. Beyond wearables and implantables: a scoping review of insertable medical devices. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2019. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ab4b32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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9
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Kim KB, Choi H, Jung HJ, Oh YJ, Cho CH, Min JH, Yoon S, Kim J, Cho SJ, Cha HJ. Mussel-inspired enzyme immobilization and dual real-time compensation algorithms for durable and accurate continuous glucose monitoring. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 143:111622. [PMID: 31470172 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Blood glucose sensing is very important for diabetic management. It is shifting towards a continuous glucose monitoring because such a system can alleviate patient suffering and provide a large number of glucose measurements. Here, we proposed a novel approach for the development of durable and accurate enzymatic continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS). For the long-term durable and selective immobilization of glucose oxidase on a microneedle electrode, a biocompatible engineered mussel adhesive protein was employed through efficient electrochemical oxidation strategy. For the accurate performance in in vivo environments, we also suggested dual real-time compensated algorithms to cover both temperature and time-lag differences. After pre-clinical and pilot-clinical evaluations, we confirmed that our proposed CGMS has an outstanding performance compared with various commercially available continuous systems and achieves comparable performance to disposable glucose sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Bok Kim
- Biomedical System and Technology Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Cheonan, 31056, South Korea
| | - Hyoungseon Choi
- Samsung Research, Samsung Electronics, Seoul R&D Campus, Seoul, 06765, South Korea
| | - Hyun Joo Jung
- Samsung Research, Samsung Electronics, Seoul R&D Campus, Seoul, 06765, South Korea
| | - Young-Jae Oh
- Samsung Research, Samsung Electronics, Seoul R&D Campus, Seoul, 06765, South Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Cho
- Samsung Research, Samsung Electronics, Seoul R&D Campus, Seoul, 06765, South Korea
| | - Jin Hong Min
- Samsung Research, Samsung Electronics, Seoul R&D Campus, Seoul, 06765, South Korea
| | - Seoyoung Yoon
- Samsung Research, Samsung Electronics, Seoul R&D Campus, Seoul, 06765, South Korea
| | - Jaepil Kim
- Samsung Research, Samsung Electronics, Seoul R&D Campus, Seoul, 06765, South Korea
| | - Seong Je Cho
- Samsung Research, Samsung Electronics, Seoul R&D Campus, Seoul, 06765, South Korea.
| | - Hyung Joon Cha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea.
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Kukkar M, Mohanta GC, Tuteja SK, Kumar P, Bhadwal AS, Samaddar P, Kim KH, Deep A. A comprehensive review on nano-molybdenum disulfide/DNA interfaces as emerging biosensing platforms. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 107:244-258. [PMID: 29477881 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The development of nucleic acid-based portable platforms for the real-time analysis of diseases has attracted considerable scientific and commercial interest. Recently, 2D layered molybdenum sulfide (2D MoS2 from here on) nanosheets have shown great potential for the development of next-generation platforms for efficient signal transduction. Through combination with DNA as a biorecognition medium, MoS2 nanostructures have opened new opportunities to design and construct highly sensitive, specific, and commercially viable sensing devices. The use of specific short ssDNA sequences like aptamers has been proven to bind well with the unique transduction properties of 2D MoS2 nanosheets to realize aptasensing devices. Such sensors can be operated on the principles of fluorescence, electro-cheumuluminescence, and electrochemistry with many advantageous features (e.g., robust biointerfacing through various conjugation chemistries, facile sensor assembly, high stability with regard to temperature/pH, and high affinity to target). This review encompasses the state of the art information on various design tactics and working principles of MoS2/DNA sensor technology which is emerging as one of the most sought-after and valuable fields with the advent of nucleic acid inspired devices. To help achieve a new milestone in biosensing applications, great potential of this emerging technique is described further with regard to sensitivity, specificity, operational convenience, and versatility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manil Kukkar
- CSIR-Central Scientific Instrument Organisation (CSIR-CSIO), Chandigarh 160030, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR-CSIO), Chandigarh 160030, India
| | - Girish C Mohanta
- CSIR-Central Scientific Instrument Organisation (CSIR-CSIO), Chandigarh 160030, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR-CSIO), Chandigarh 160030, India
| | - Satish K Tuteja
- BioNano Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Parveen Kumar
- CSIR-Central Scientific Instrument Organisation (CSIR-CSIO), Chandigarh 160030, India
| | - Akhshay Singh Bhadwal
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, United Kingdom
| | - Pallabi Samaddar
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seoul 04763, South Korea.
| | - Akash Deep
- CSIR-Central Scientific Instrument Organisation (CSIR-CSIO), Chandigarh 160030, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR-CSIO), Chandigarh 160030, India.
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11
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Ultra-miniaturization of a planar amperometric sensor targeting continuous intradermal glucose monitoring. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 90:577-583. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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12
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Price J. What Can Big Data Offer the Pharmacovigilance of Orphan Drugs? Clin Ther 2016; 38:2533-2545. [PMID: 27914633 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacovigilance of drugs for orphan diseases presents problems related to the small patient population. Obtaining high-quality information on individual reports of suspected adverse reactions is of particular importance for the pharmacovigilance of orphan drugs. The possibility of mining "big data" to detect suspected adverse reactions is being explored in pharmacovigilance generally but may have limited application to orphan drugs. Sources of big data such as social media may be infrequently used as communication channels by patients with rare disease or their caregivers or by health care providers; any adverse reactions identified are likely to reflect what is already known about the safety of the drug from the network of support that grows up around these patients. Opportunities related to potential future big data sources are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Price
- Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc, New Haven, Connecticut.
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13
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Price CF, Burgess DJ, Kastellorizios M. l -DOPA as a small molecule surrogate to promote angiogenesis and prevent dexamethasone-induced ischemia. J Control Release 2016; 235:176-181. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.05.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Falk M, Sultana R, Swann MJ, Mount AR, Freeman NJ. Nanoband array electrode as a platform for high sensitivity enzyme-based glucose biosensing. Bioelectrochemistry 2016; 112:100-5. [PMID: 27118384 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We describe a novel glucose biosensor based on a nanoband array electrode design, manufactured using standard semiconductor processing techniques, and bio-modified with glucose oxidase immobilized at the nanoband electrode surface. The nanoband array architecture allows for efficient diffusion of glucose and oxygen to the electrode, resulting in a thousand-fold improvement in sensitivity and wide linear range compared to a conventional electrode. The electrode constitutes a robust and manufacturable sensing platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Falk
- NanoFlex Limited, iTac, Daresbury Laboratory, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury WA4 4AD, United Kingdom.
| | - Reshma Sultana
- NanoFlex Limited, iTac, Daresbury Laboratory, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
| | - Marcus J Swann
- NanoFlex Limited, iTac, Daresbury Laboratory, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew R Mount
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, King's Buildings, Edinburgh, Scotland EH9 3JJ, United Kingdom
| | - Neville J Freeman
- NanoFlex Limited, iTac, Daresbury Laboratory, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
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15
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Wang Y, Vaddiraju S, Gu B, Papadimitrakopoulos F, Burgess DJ. Foreign Body Reaction to Implantable Biosensors: Effects of Tissue Trauma and Implant Size. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2015; 9:966-77. [PMID: 26306495 PMCID: PMC4667354 DOI: 10.1177/1932296815601869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Implantable biosensors for continuous glucose monitoring can greatly improve diabetes management. However, their applications are still associated with some challenges and one of these is the gradual functionality loss postimplantation as a consequence of the foreign body response (FBR). Sensor miniaturization in combination with drug-eluting biocompatible coatings is a promising strategy to enhance in vivo performance. However, limited study has been performed to understand the effect of initial trauma and implant size on foreign body reaction as well as in vivo performance of implantable glucose sensors. METHODS Different initial trauma was induced by implanting composite coated dummy sensors into rats using various sized needles and 3 different-sized dummy sensors were implanted to examine the size effect. Histological evaluation was performed to relate the inflammatory cell counts and foreign body capsule thickness with the implantation needle size and sensor size respectively. The effect of biocompatible coating on the performance of implantable glucose sensors was determined using both coated amperometric glucose sensors and microdialysis probes. RESULTS The results revealed that the degree of acute inflammation was mainly controlled by the extent of the initial trauma: the greater the trauma, the greater the acute inflammatory response. Implant size did not affect the acute inflammatory phase. However, the extent of chronic inflammation and fibrous encapsulation were affected by sensor size: the smaller the size the less the extent of chronic inflammation and fibrous encapsulation. Glucose sensors implanted using 14 gauge needles showed significantly lower initial in vivo response compared to those implanted using 16 gauge needles. This was not observed for sensors with dexamethasone-eluting biocompatible coatings since inflammation was suppressed. CONCLUSIONS The results of the current study indicate that the extent of the inflammatory response post-sensor implantation varies as a function of the initial tissue trauma as well as the sensor size. Accordingly, miniaturization of implantable biosensors together with the utilization of a drug-eluting biocompatible composite coating may be a promising strategy to achieve long-term reliable continuous glucose monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | | | - Bing Gu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | | | - Diane J Burgess
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
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16
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Multiple tissue response modifiers to promote angiogenesis and prevent the foreign body reaction around subcutaneous implants. J Control Release 2015. [PMID: 26216396 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Dexamethasone-releasing PLGA poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microsphere/PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) hydrogel composite coatings have been shown to prevent the foreign body reaction (FBR) to subcutaneous implants in small and large animal models. Such coatings were developed to extend the lifetime of implantable biosensors. However, long-term exposure of tissue to low levels of dexamethasone results in a reduction in blood vessel density due to the anti-angiogenic effect of dexamethasone. This mild effect, while not threatening to the subject's health, may interfere with analyte detection and the sensor response time over the long-term. The present work is focused on the development of coatings that deliver combinations of three tissue response modifiers (TRMs): dexamethasone, VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) and PDGF (platelet derived growth factor). Dexamethasone, VEGF and PDGF prevent the FBR, increase angiogenesis and promote blood vessel maturation (which increases blood flow), respectively. To minimize any potential interference among these three TRMs (for example, PDGF increases fibrosis), the relative doses of dexamethasone, VEGF and PDGF were adjusted. It was determined that: a) all three TRMs are required for maximum promotion of angiogenesis, blood vessel maturation and prevention of the FBR; b) VEGF has to be administered at higher doses than PDGF; c) an increase in dexamethasone dosing must be accompanied by a proportional increase in growth factor dosing; and d) modification of the TRM ratio can achieve a constant capillary density throughout the implantation period which is important for applications such as biosensors to maintain sensitivity and a stable sensor baseline. Moreover, an osmosis-driven process for encapsulation of proteins in PLGA microspheres that showed low burst release was developed.
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17
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Cordeiro C, de Vries M, Ngabi W, Oomen P, Cremers T, Westerink B. In vivo continuous and simultaneous monitoring of brain energy substrates with a multiplex amperometric enzyme-based biosensor device. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 67:677-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.09.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Abstract
Fabrication of integrated electrochemical sensors is an important step towards realizing fully integrated and truly wireless platforms for many local, real-time sensing applications. Micro/nanoscale patterning of small area electrochemical sensor surfaces enhances the sensor performance to overcome the limitations resulting from their small surface area and thus is the key to the successful miniaturization of integrated platforms. We have demonstrated the microfabrication of electrochemical sensors utilizing top-down lithography and etching techniques on silicon and CMOS substrates. This choice of fabrication avoids the need of bottom-up techniques that are not compatible with established methods for fabricating electronics (e.g., CMOS) which form the industrial basis of most integrated microsystems. We present the results of applying microfabricated sensors to various measurement problems, with special attention to their use for continuous DNA and glucose sensing. Our results demonstrate the advantages of using micro- and nanofabrication techniques for the miniaturization and optimization of modern sensing platforms that employ well-established electronic measurement techniques.
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19
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Rusling JF, Bishop GW, Doan N, Papadimitrakopoulos F. Nanomaterials and biomaterials in electrochemical arrays for protein detection. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:10.1039/C3TB21323D. [PMID: 24392222 PMCID: PMC3878175 DOI: 10.1039/c3tb21323d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanomaterials and biomaterials are important components of new electrochemical arrays designed for sensitive detection of proteins in biological fluids. Such multiplexed protein arrays are predicted to have an important future in personalized medical diagnostics, especially for cancer and heart disease. Sandwich immunoassays for proteins benefit greatly in sensitivity from the use of nanostructured sensor surfaces and multilabeled detection strategies involving nano- or microparticles. In these assays, capture agents such as antibodies or aptamers are attached to sensor surfaces in the array. Target proteins with large binding constants for the affinity agents are captured from liquid samples with high efficiency, either on the sensors or on magnetic bioconjugate particles decorated with many copies of labels and antibodies. After target proteins are captured on the sensor surfaces, the labels are detected by electrochemical techniques. This feature article begins with an overview of the recent history of nanoparticles in electrochemical protein sensors, then moves on to specific examples from our own laboratories. We discuss fabrication of nanostructured sensors and arrays with the aim of multiplexed detection as well as reusability. Following this, we describe systems that integrate particle-based protein sensing with microfluidics for multiplexed protein detection. We end with predictions on the diagnostic future of protein detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- James F Rusling
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA ; Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3136, USA ; Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06032, USA ; School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland at Galway, Ireland
| | - Gregory W Bishop
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - Nhi Doan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - Fotios Papadimitrakopoulos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA ; Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3136, USA
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Croce RA, Vaddiraju S, Kondo J, Wang Y, Zuo L, Zhu K, Islam SK, Burgess DJ, Papadimitrakopoulos F, Jain FC. A miniaturized transcutaneous system for continuous glucose monitoring. Biomed Microdevices 2013; 15:151-60. [PMID: 22992979 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-012-9708-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Implantable sensors for continuous glucose monitoring hold great potential for optimal diabetes management. This is often undermined by a variety of issues associated with: (1) negative tissue response; (2) poor sensor performance; and (3) lack of device miniaturization needed to reduce implantation trauma. Herein, we report our initial results towards constructing an implantable device that simultaneously address all three aforementioned issues. In terms of device miniaturization, a highly miniaturized CMOS (complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor) potentiostat and signal processing unit was employed (with a combined area of 0.665 mm(2)). The signal processing unit converts the current generated by a transcutaneous, Clark-type amperometric sensor to output frequency in a linear fashion. The Clark-type amperometric sensor employs stratification of five functional layers to attain a well-balanced mass transfer which in turn yields a linear sensor response from 0 to 25 mM of glucose concentration, well beyond the physiologically observed (2 to 22 mM) range. In addition, it is coated with a thick polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel with embedded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres intended to provide continuous, localized delivery of dexamethasone to suppress inflammation and fibrosis. In vivo evaluation in rat model has shown that the transcutaneous sensor system reproducibly tracks repeated glycemic events. Clarke's error grid analysis on the as-obtained glycemic data has indicated that all of the measured glucose readings fell in the desired Zones A & B and none fell in the erroneous Zones C, D and E. Such reproducible operation of the transcutaneous sensor system, together with low power (140 μW) consumption and capability for current-to-frequency conversion renders this a versatile platform for continuous glucose monitoring and other biomedical sensing devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Croce
- Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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21
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Erdem C, Zeybek DK, Aydoğdu G, Zeybek B, Pekyardımcı S, Kılıç E. Electrochemical glucose biosensor based on nickel oxide nanoparticle-modified carbon paste electrode. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 42:237-44. [PMID: 23795722 DOI: 10.3109/21691401.2013.808649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, we designed an amperometric glucose biosensor based on nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiONPs)-modified carbon paste electrode. The biosensor was prepared by incorporation of glucose oxidase and NiONPs into a carbon paste matrix. It showed good analytical performances such as high sensitivity (367 μA mmolL(-1)) and a wide linear response from 1.9×10(-3) mmolL(-1) to 15.0 mmolL(-1) with a limit of detection (0.11 μmolL(-1)). The biosensor was used for the determination of glucose in human serum samples. The results illustrate that NiONPs have enormous potential in the construction of biosensor for determination of glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceren Erdem
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Ankara University , Ankara , Turkey
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22
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Felice AKG, Sygmund C, Harreither W, Kittl R, Gorton L, Ludwig R. Substrate specificity and interferences of a direct-electron-transfer-based glucose biosensor. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2013; 7:669-77. [PMID: 23759400 PMCID: PMC3869135 DOI: 10.1177/193229681300700312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Electrochemical sensors for glucose monitoring employ different signal transduction strategies for electron transfer from the biorecognition element to the electrode surface. We present a biosensor that employs direct electron transfer and evaluate its response to various interfering substances known to affect glucose biosensors. METHODS The enzyme cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) was adsorbed on the surface of a carbon working electrode and covalently bound by cross linking. The response of CDH-modified electrodes to glucose and possible interfering compounds was measured by flow-injection analysis, linear sweep, and chronoamperometry. RESULTS Chronoamperometry showed initial swelling/wetting of the electrode. After stabilization, the signal was stable and a sensitivity of 0.21 µA mM-1 cm-2 was obtained. To investigate the influence of the interfering substances on the biorecognition element, the simplest possible sensor architecture was used. The biosensor showed little (<5% signal deviation) or no response to various reported electroactive or otherwise interfering substances. CONCLUSIONS Direct electron transfer from the biorecognition element to the electrode is a new principle applied to glucose biosensors, which can be operated at a low polarization potential of -100 mV versus silver/silver chloride. The reduction of interferences by electrochemically active substances is an attractive feature of this promising technology for the development of continuous glucose biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfons K. G. Felice
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Vienna Institute of Biotechnology, BOKU—University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Roman Kittl
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Vienna Institute of Biotechnology, BOKU—University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- DirectSens GmbH, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Lo Gorton
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University Lund, Sweden
| | - Roland Ludwig
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Vienna Institute of Biotechnology, BOKU—University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- DirectSens GmbH, Klosterneuburg, Austria
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Huang X, Li S, Davis E, Leduc C, Ravussin Y, Cai H, Song B, Li D, Accili D, Leibel R, Wang Q, Lin Q. A MEMS differential viscometric sensor for affinity glucose detection in continuous glucose monitoring. JOURNAL OF MICROMECHANICS AND MICROENGINEERING : STRUCTURES, DEVICES, AND SYSTEMS 2013; 23:55020. [PMID: 23956499 PMCID: PMC3743269 DOI: 10.1088/0960-1317/23/5/055020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Micromachined viscometric affinity glucose sensors have been previously demonstrated using vibrational cantilever and diaphragm. These devices featured a single glucose detection module that determines glucose concentrations through viscosity changes of glucose-sensitive polymer solutions. However, fluctuations in temperature and other environmental parameters might potentially affect the stability and reliability of these devices, creating complexity in their applications in subcutaneously implanted continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). To address these issues, we present a MEMS differential sensor that can effectively reject environmental disturbances while allowing accurate glucose detection. The sensor consists of two magnetically driven vibrating diaphragms situated inside microchambers filled with a boronic-acid based glucose-sensing solution and a reference solution insensitive to glucose. Glucose concentrations can be accurately determined by characteristics of the diaphragm vibration through differential capacitive detection. Our in-vitro and preliminary in-vivo experimental data demonstrate the potential of this sensor for highly stable subcutaneous CGM applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
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24
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Vaddiraju S, Legassey A, Qiang L, Wang Y, Burgess DJ, Papadimitrakopoulos F. Enhancing the sensitivity of needle-implantable electrochemical glucose sensors via surface rebuilding. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2013; 7:441-51. [PMID: 23567003 PMCID: PMC3737646 DOI: 10.1177/193229681300700221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Needle-implantable sensors have shown to provide reliable continuous glucose monitoring for diabetes management. In order to reduce tissue injury during sensor implantation, there is a constant need for device size reduction, which imposes challenges in terms of sensitivity and reliability, as part of decreasing signal-to-noise and increasing layer complexity. Herein, we report sensitivity enhancement via electrochemical surface rebuilding of the working electrode (WE), which creates a three-dimensional nanoporous configuration with increased surface area. METHODS The gold WE was electrochemically rebuilt to render its surface nanoporous followed by decoration with platinum nanoparticles. The efficacy of such process was studied using sensor sensitivity against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). For glucose detection, the WE was further coated with five layers, namely, (1) polyphenol, (2) glucose oxidase, (3) polyurethane, (4) catalase, and (5) dexamethasone-releasing poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) composite. The amperometric response of the glucose sensor was noted in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Scanning electron microscopy revealed that electrochemical rebuilding of the WE produced a nanoporous morphology that resulted in a 20-fold enhancement in H2O2 sensitivity, while retaining >98% selectivity. This afforded a 4-5-fold increase in overall glucose response of the glucose sensor when compared with a control sensor with no surface rebuilding and fittable only within an 18 G needle. The sensor was able to reproducibly track in vivo glycemic events, despite the large background currents typically encountered during animal testing. CONCLUSION Enhanced sensor performance in terms of sensitivity and large signal-to-noise ratio has been attained via electrochemical rebuilding of the WE. This approach also bypasses the need for conventional and nanostructured mediators currently employed to enhance sensor performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santhisagar Vaddiraju
- Biorasis Inc. Technology Incubation Program, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
- Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Allen Legassey
- Biorasis Inc. Technology Incubation Program, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Liangliang Qiang
- Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Diane J. Burgess
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Fotios Papadimitrakopoulos
- Biorasis Inc. Technology Incubation Program, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
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25
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Aydoğdu G, Zeybek DK, Pekyardımcı Ş, Kılıç E. A novel amperometric biosensor based on ZnO nanoparticles-modified carbon paste electrode for determination of glucose in human serum. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 41:332-8. [PMID: 23305092 DOI: 10.3109/21691401.2012.744994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles-(ZnONPs)modified carbon paste enzyme electrodes (ZnONPsMCPE) were developed for determination of glucose. The determination of glucose was carried out by oxidation of H2O2 at +0.4 V. ZnONPsMCPE provided biocompatible microenvironment for GOx and necessary pathway of electron transfer between GOx and electrode. The response of GOx/ZnONPsMCPE was proportional to glucose concentration and detection limit was 9.1 × 10(-3) mM. Km and Imax, were calculated as 0.124 mM and 2.033 μA. The developed biosensor exhibits high analytical performance with wide linear range (9.1 × 10(-3)-14.5 mM), selectivity and reproducibility. Serum glucose results allow us to ascertain practical utility of GOx/ZnONPsMCPE biosensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gözde Aydoğdu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ankara University , Ankara , Turkey
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Wang Y, Vaddiraju S, Qiang L, Xu X, Papadimitrakopoulos F, Burgess DJ. Effect of dexamethasone-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microsphere/poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel composite coatings on the basic characteristics of implantable glucose sensors. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2012; 6:1445-53. [PMID: 23294792 PMCID: PMC3570887 DOI: 10.1177/193229681200600626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydrogels alone and in combination with microsphere drug delivery systems are being considered as biocompatible coatings for implantable glucose biosensors to prevent/minimize the foreign body response. Previously, our group has demonstrated that continuous release of dexamethasone from poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microsphere/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogel composites can successfully prevent foreign body response at the implantation site. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of this composite coating on sensor functionality. METHODS The PLGA microsphere/PVA hydrogel coatings were prepared and applied to glucose biosensors. The swelling properties of the composite coatings and their diffusivity to glucose were evaluated as a function of microsphere loading. Sensor linearity, response time, and sensitivity were also evaluated as a function of coating composition. RESULTS The PLGA microsphere/PVA hydrogel composite coating did not compromise sensor linearity (sensors were linear up to 30 mM), which is well beyond the physiological glucose range (2 to 22 mM). The sensor response time did increase in the presence of the coating (from 10 to 19 s); however, this response time was still less than the average reported values. Although the sensitivity of the sensors decreased from 73 to 62 nA/mM glucose when the PLGA microsphere loading in the PVA hydrogel changed from 0 to 100 mg/ml, this reduced sensitivity is acceptable for sensor functionality. The changes in sensor response time and sensitivity were due to changes in glucose permeability as a result of the coatings. The embedded PLGA microspheres reduced the fraction of bulk water present in the hydrogel matrix and consequently reduced glucose diffusion. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that the PLGA microsphere/PVA hydrogel composite coatings allow sufficient glucose diffusion and sensor functionality and therefore may be utilized as a smart coating for implantable glucose biosensors to enhance their in vivo functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Santhisagar Vaddiraju
- Nanomaterials Optoelectronics Laboratory, Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
- Biorasis Inc., Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Liangliang Qiang
- Nanomaterials Optoelectronics Laboratory, Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Xiaoming Xu
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Fotios Papadimitrakopoulos
- Nanomaterials Optoelectronics Laboratory, Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Diane J. Burgess
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
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27
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Vaddiraju S, Wang Y, Qiang L, Burgess DJ, Papadimitrakopoulos F. Microsphere erosion in outer hydrogel membranes creating macroscopic porosity to counter biofouling-induced sensor degradation. Anal Chem 2012; 84:8837-8845. [PMID: 23039161 PMCID: PMC3791326 DOI: 10.1021/ac3022423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Biofouling and tissue inflammation present major challenges toward the realization of long-term implantable glucose sensors. Following sensor implantation, proteins and cells adsorb on sensor surfaces to not only inhibit glucose flux but also signal a cascade of inflammatory events that eventually lead to permeability-reducing fibrotic encapsulation. The use of drug-eluting hydrogels as outer sensor coatings has shown considerable promise to mitigate these problems via the localized delivery of tissue response modifiers to suppress inflammation and fibrosis, along with reducing protein and cell absorption. Biodegradable poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) microspheres, encapsulated within a poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogel matrix, present a model coating where the localized delivery of the potent anti-inflammatory drug dexamethasone has been shown to suppress inflammation over a period of 1-3 months. Here, it is shown that the degradation of the PLGA microspheres provides an auxiliary venue to offset the negative effects of protein adsorption. This was realized by: (1) the creation of fresh porosity within the PVA hydrogel following microsphere degradation (which is sustained until the complete microsphere degradation) and (2) rigidification of the PVA hydrogel to prevent its complete collapse onto the newly created void space. Incubation of the coated sensors in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) led to a monotonic increase in glucose permeability (50%), with a corresponding enhancement in sensor sensitivity over a 1 month period. Incubation in serum resulted in biofouling and consequent clogging of the hydrogel microporosity. This, however, was partially offset by the generated macroscopic porosity following microsphere degradation. As a result of this, a 2-fold recovery in sensor sensitivity for devices with microsphere/hydrogel composite coatings was observed as opposed to similar devices with blank hydrogel coatings. These findings suggest that the use of macroscopic porosity can reduce sensitivity drifts resulting from biofouling, and this can be achieved synergistically with current efforts to mitigate negative tissue responses through localized and sustained drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Vaddiraju
- Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3136
- Biorasis Inc. Technology Incubation Program, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-4213
| | - Y. Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3092
| | - L. Qiang
- Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3136
| | - D. J. Burgess
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3092
| | - F. Papadimitrakopoulos
- Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3136
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3060
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28
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Croce RA, Vaddiraju S, Papadimitrakopoulos F, Jain FC. Theoretical analysis of the performance of glucose sensors with layer-by-layer assembled outer membranes. SENSORS 2012. [PMID: 23202001 PMCID: PMC3545572 DOI: 10.3390/s121013402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The performance of implantable electrochemical glucose sensors is highly dependent on the flux-limiting (glucose, H2O2, O2) properties of their outer membranes. A careful understanding of the diffusion profiles of the participating species throughout the sensor architecture (enzyme and membrane layer) plays a crucial role in designing a robust sensor for both in vitro and in vivo operation. This paper reports the results from the mathematical modeling of Clark's first generation amperometric glucose sensor coated with layer-by-layer assembled outer membranes in order to obtain and compare the diffusion profiles of various participating species and their effect on sensor performance. Devices coated with highly glucose permeable (HAs/Fe3+) membranes were compared with devices coated with PSS/PDDA membranes, which have an order of magnitude lower permeability. The simulation showed that the low glucose permeable membrane (PSS/PDDA) sensors exhibited a 27% higher amperometric response than the high glucose permeable (HAs/Fe3+) sensors. Upon closer inspection of H2O2 diffusion profiles, this non-typical higher response from PSS/PDDA is not due to either a larger glucose flux or comparatively larger O2 concentrations within the sensor geometry, but rather is attributed to a 48% higher H2O2 concentration in the glucose oxidase enzyme layer of PSS/PDDA coated sensors as compared to HAs/Fe3+ coated ones. These simulated results corroborate our experimental findings reported previously. The high concentration of H2O2 in the PSS/PDDA coated sensors is due to the low permeability of H2O2 through the PSS/PDDA membrane, which also led to an undesired increase in sensor response time. Additionally, it was found that this phenomenon occurs for all enzyme thicknesses investigated (15, 20 and 25 nm), signifying the need for a holistic approach in designing outer membranes for amperometric biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A. Croce
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Connecticut, 371 Fairfield Way, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Santhisagar Vaddiraju
- Biorasis Inc., Technology Incubation Program, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Nanomaterials Optoelectronics Laboratory, Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; E-Mails: (S.V.); (F.P.)
| | - Fotios Papadimitrakopoulos
- Nanomaterials Optoelectronics Laboratory, Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; E-Mails: (S.V.); (F.P.)
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Faquir C. Jain
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Connecticut, 371 Fairfield Way, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-860-486-3752; Fax: +1-860-486-2447
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