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Han W, Song Z, Shan D, Shi Q. Fetal origins of obesity: a novel pathway of regulating appetite neurons in the hypothalamus of growth-restricted rat offspring. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2024; 309:2411-2419. [PMID: 37378669 PMCID: PMC11147910 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-023-07108-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Fetal growth restriction causes a series of sequelae, some of which, such as hyperphagia, reduced satiety and postnatal obesity, are believed to be associated with embryonic hypothalamic neurons impairment. The mechanisms underlying the linkage of fetal brain injuries to break the energy homeostasis have not been elucidated completely. Here, we aim to investigate the effect of intrauterine energy restriction on remodeling appetite neurons in the hypothalamus of fetal and postnatal infant rats. METHODS Low-protein (8%) diet combined with 75% energy restriction was used to establish an animal model. Rats offspring brain tissues, harvested from embryo day 18 and postnatal infant day 1, were sampled for dependent regulator analyses and master neuron assessment. RESULTS Growth-restricted rats showed the increased expression of Bsx and NPY in the hypothalamus as well as remodeling hypothalamic neurons differentiation compared to controls. Intriguingly, in cells cultured in vitro test, we found that activated effects of Bsx and NPY could be exacerbated by DNMT1 inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS In embryonic and early postnatal stage of FGR rats, we detected high concentrations of orexigenic neurons in the hypothalamus. DNMT1 activity is correlated with early embryonic neurogenesis by mediating the expression of Bsx and NPY. It may be one of the reasons for the abnormal development of the appetite regulation pathway and higher susceptibility to obesity in FGR offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiling Han
- Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, No. 251 Yao Jia Yuan Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Zhaoyi Song
- STI-Zhilian Research Institute for Innovation and Digital Health, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Shan
- Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, No. 251 Yao Jia Yuan Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing, 100026, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The People's Hospital of Yongcheng, Dongcheng District, Yongcheng City, Henan Province, China
| | - Qingyun Shi
- Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, No. 251 Yao Jia Yuan Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing, 100026, China.
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Opoku R, DeCata J, Phillips CL, Schulz LC. Effect of Genetically Reduced Maternal Myostatin on Late Gestation Maternal, Fetal, and Placental Metabolomes in Mice. Metabolites 2023; 13:719. [PMID: 37367877 PMCID: PMC10302353 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13060719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Myostatin (gene symbol: Mstn) is an autocrine and paracrine inhibitor of muscle growth. Pregnant mice with genetically reduced levels of myostatin give birth to offspring with greater adult muscle mass and bone biomechanical strength. However, maternal myostatin is not detectable in fetal circulations. Fetal growth is dependent on the maternal environment, and the provisioning of nutrients and growth factors by the placenta. Thus, this study examined the effect of reduced maternal myostatin on maternal and fetal serum metabolomes, as well as the placental metabolome. Fetal and maternal serum metabolomes were highly distinct, which is consistent with the role of the placenta in creating a specific fetal nutrient environment. There was no effect from myostatin on maternal glucose tolerance or fasting insulin. In comparisons between pregnant control and Mstn+/- mice, there were more significantly different metabolite concentrations in fetal serum, at 50, than in the mother's serum at 33, confirming the effect of maternal myostatin reduction on the fetal metabolic milieu. Polyamines, lysophospholipids, fatty acid oxidation, and vitamin C, in fetal serum, were all affected by maternal myostatin reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Opoku
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (R.O.); (J.D.)
| | - Jenna DeCata
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (R.O.); (J.D.)
| | | | - Laura C. Schulz
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
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Stewart EJ, Dye JA, Schladweiler MC, Phillips PM, McDaniel KL, Richards JH, Grindstaff RD, Padgett WT, Moore ML, Hill D, Gordon CJ, Kodavanti UP, Miller CN. Prenatal ozone exposure programs a sexually dimorphic susceptibility to high-fat diet in adolescent Long Evans rats. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22664. [PMID: 36412511 PMCID: PMC10010258 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201514r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Altered fetal growth, which can occur due to environmental stressors during pregnancy, may program a susceptibility to metabolic disease. Gestational exposure to the air pollutant ozone is associated with fetal growth restriction in humans and rodents. However, the impact of this early life ozone exposure on offspring metabolic risk has not yet been investigated. In this study, fetal growth restriction was induced by maternal inhalation of 0.8 ppm ozone on gestation days 5 and 6 (4 hr/day) in Long Evans rats. To uncover any metabolic inflexibility, or an impaired ability to respond to a high-fat diet (HFD), a subset of peri-adolescent male and female offspring from filtered air or ozone exposed dams were fed HFD (45% kcal from fat) for 3 days. By 6 weeks of age, male and female offspring from ozone-exposed dams were heavier than offspring from air controls. Furthermore, offspring from ozone-exposed dams had greater daily caloric consumption and reduced metabolic rate when fed HFD. In addition to energy imbalance, HFD-fed male offspring from ozone-exposed dams had dyslipidemia and increased adiposity, which was not evident in females. HFD consumption in males resulted in the activation of the protective 5'AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPKα) and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) pathways in the liver, regardless of maternal exposure. Unlike males, ozone-exposed female offspring failed to activate these pathways, retaining hepatic triglycerides following HFD consumption that resulted in increased inflammatory gene expression and reduced insulin signaling genes. Taken together, maternal ozone exposure in early pregnancy programs impaired metabolic flexibility in offspring, which may increase susceptibility to obesity in males and hepatic dysfunction in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica J. Stewart
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Janice A. Dye
- Cardiopulmonary Immunotoxicology Branch, Public Health and Integrative Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Mette C. Schladweiler
- Cardiopulmonary Immunotoxicology Branch, Public Health and Integrative Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Pamela M. Phillips
- Neuroendocrine Toxicology Branch, Public Health and Integrative Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Katherine L. McDaniel
- Neuroendocrine Toxicology Branch, Public Health and Integrative Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Judy H. Richards
- Cardiopulmonary Immunotoxicology Branch, Public Health and Integrative Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Rachel D. Grindstaff
- Neuroendocrine Toxicology Branch, Public Health and Integrative Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - William T. Padgett
- Neuroendocrine Toxicology Branch, Public Health and Integrative Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Makala L. Moore
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Donna Hill
- Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology Branch, Public Health and Integrative Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Christopher J. Gordon
- Neuroendocrine Toxicology Branch, Public Health and Integrative Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Urmila P. Kodavanti
- Cardiopulmonary Immunotoxicology Branch, Public Health and Integrative Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Colette N. Miller
- Cardiopulmonary Immunotoxicology Branch, Public Health and Integrative Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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Aguilera N, Salas-Pérez F, Ortíz M, Álvarez D, Echiburú B, Maliqueo M. Rodent models in placental research. Implications for fetal origins of adult disease. Anim Reprod 2022; 19:e20210134. [PMID: 35493783 PMCID: PMC9037606 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2021-0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Zhang L, Shi Q, Sun Y. FoxO1 Regulates Neuropeptide Y and Pro-opiomelanocortin in the Hypothalamus of Rat Offspring Small for Gestational Age. Reprod Sci 2021; 29:173-183. [PMID: 34767244 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00671-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Adulthood obesity, diabetes, and metabolic diseases are associated with small for gestational age (SGA) newborns. This association could be related to abnormal appetite signaling pathways in the hypothalamus. This study investigated the appetite regulation by the hypothalamus of SGA newborns by establishing an SGA rat model and culturing SGA neural progenitor cells (NPCs) in vitro. Models of SGA were established by maternal food restriction embryonic day 10 (E10). At E18, postpartum day 1 (P1), and P5, hypothalamic neural precursor cells (NPCs) of offspring were cultured in vitro. Immunofluorescence, Western blot (WB), and qRT-PCR were used to assess NPY, POMC, and FoxO1 expression levels. The effects on mRNA expression of the FoxO1-specific inhibitor AS1842856 were examined. The results indicated that compared with controls, NPY was higher, and POMC was lower at embryonic day 18 (E18), postpartum day 1 (P1), and P5. The proliferation and migration of NPCs in the third ventricle of SGA hypothalami were lower than in controls. After treatment with the FoxO1 inhibitor AS1842856, the differences in the mRNA expression of NPY and POMC between the two groups disappeared. NPY and POMC mRNA levels in the SGA group treated with AS1842856 were not significantly different compared with the control group without AS1842856 treatment. In conclusion, SGA pups showed an increase in appetite-promoting NPY and a decrease in appetite-reducing POMC, probably contributing to adulthood weight gain, obesity, and endocrine disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, No.99 Long Cheng Street, Taiyuan, 030032, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyun Shi
- Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.251 Yao Jia Yuan Road,Chao Yang District, Beijing, 100026, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yiyao Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yuncheng Central Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, No.3690 He Dong East Street, Yuncheng, 044000, People's Republic of China
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Lassi M, Tomar A, Comas-Armangué G, Vogtmann R, Dijkstra DJ, Corujo D, Gerlini R, Darr J, Scheid F, Rozman J, Aguilar-Pimentel A, Koren O, Buschbeck M, Fuchs H, Marschall S, Gailus-Durner V, Hrabe de Angelis M, Plösch T, Gellhaus A, Teperino R. Disruption of paternal circadian rhythm affects metabolic health in male offspring via nongerm cell factors. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/22/eabg6424. [PMID: 34039610 PMCID: PMC8153725 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg6424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Circadian rhythm synchronizes each body function with the environment and regulates physiology. Disruption of normal circadian rhythm alters organismal physiology and increases disease risk. Recent epidemiological data and studies in model organisms have shown that maternal circadian disruption is important for offspring health and adult phenotypes. Less is known about the role of paternal circadian rhythm for offspring health. Here, we disrupted circadian rhythm in male mice by night-restricted feeding and showed that paternal circadian disruption at conception is important for offspring feeding behavior, metabolic health, and oscillatory transcription. Mechanistically, our data suggest that the effect of paternal circadian disruption is not transferred to the offspring via the germ cells but initiated by corticosterone-based parental communication at conception and programmed during in utero development through a state of fetal growth restriction. These findings indicate paternal circadian health at conception as a newly identified determinant of offspring phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Lassi
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Archana Tomar
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Gemma Comas-Armangué
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Rebekka Vogtmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics-University Hospital Essen - Essen, Germany
| | - Dorieke J Dijkstra
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - David Corujo
- Cancer and Leukemia Epigenetics and Biology Program, Josep Carreras Institute for Leukemia Research (IJC) Badalona, Spain
| | - Raffaele Gerlini
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Neuherberg, Germany
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jonatan Darr
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Fabienne Scheid
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jan Rozman
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Neuherberg, Germany
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Prumyslova 595, 252 50, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Antonio Aguilar-Pimentel
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Neuherberg, Germany
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Omry Koren
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Marcus Buschbeck
- Cancer and Leukemia Epigenetics and Biology Program, Josep Carreras Institute for Leukemia Research (IJC) Badalona, Spain
- Program for Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (PMPPC-IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Helmut Fuchs
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Neuherberg, Germany
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Susan Marschall
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Neuherberg, Germany
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Valerie Gailus-Durner
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Neuherberg, Germany
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabe de Angelis
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Neuherberg, Germany
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Experimental Genetics, School of Life Science Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München Freising, Germany
| | - Torsten Plösch
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Alexandra Gellhaus
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics-University Hospital Essen - Essen, Germany
| | - Raffaele Teperino
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health Neuherberg, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Neuherberg, Germany
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Olvera Hernández S, Reyes Castro LA, Daher Abdi A, Mezo-González CE, Arredondo A, Zambrano E, Bolaños-Jiménez F. Adult rats from undernourished dams show sex-dependent impaired expression in taste papillae and hypothalamus of genes responsible for sweet and fat detection and signalling. Nutr Neurosci 2021; 25:2011-2022. [PMID: 33926365 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2021.1920678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM Individuals undernourished in utero or during early life are at high risk of developing obesity and metabolic disorders and show an increased preference for consuming sugary and fatty food. This study aimed at determining whether impaired taste detection and signalling in the lingual epithelium and the brain might contribute to this altered pattern of food intake. METHODS The preference for feeding fat and sweet food and the expression in circumvallate papillae and hypothalamus of genes coding for sweet and fat receptors and transducing pathways were evaluated in adult rats born to control or calorie-restricted dams. Expression in the hypothalamus and the brain's reward system of genes involved in the homeostatic and hedonic control of food intake was also determined. RESULTS Male and female undernourished animals exhibited increased expression in taste papillae and hypothalamus of T1R1, T1R2, CD36, gustducin, TRMP5 and PLC-β2 genes, all of which modulate sweet and fat detection and intracellular signalling. However, the severity of the effect was greater in females than in males. Moreover, male, but not female, undernourished rats consumed more standard and sweetened food than their control counterparts and presented increased hypothalamic AgRP and NPY mRNAs levels together with enhanced dopamine transporter and dopamine receptor D2 expression in the ventral tegmental area. CONCLUSIONS Maternal undernutrition induces sex-specific changes in food preferences and gene expression in taste papillae, hypothalamus and brain reward regions. The gene expression alterations in the male offspring are in line with their preference for consuming sugary and fatty food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Olvera Hernández
- UMR Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, INRAE - Université de Nantes, 44096 Nantes France
| | - Luis Antonio Reyes Castro
- UMR Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, INRAE - Université de Nantes, 44096 Nantes France.,Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, México
| | - Amran Daher Abdi
- UMR Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, INRAE - Université de Nantes, 44096 Nantes France
| | | | | | - Elena Zambrano
- Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, México
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Desai M, Ferrini MG, Han G, Narwani K, Ross MG. Maternal High Fat Diet Programs Male Mice Offspring Hyperphagia and Obesity: Mechanism of Increased Appetite Neurons via Altered Neurogenic Factors and Nutrient Sensor AMPK. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113326. [PMID: 33138074 PMCID: PMC7693487 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal high-fat (HF) is associated with offspring hyperphagia and obesity. We hypothesized that maternal HF alters fetal neuroprogenitor cell (NPC) and hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) development with preferential differentiation of neurons towards orexigenic (NPY/AgRP) versus anorexigenic (POMC) neurons, leading to offspring hyperphagia and obesity. Furthermore, these changes may involve hypothalamic bHLH neuroregulatory factors (Hes1, Mash1, Ngn3) and energy sensor AMPK. Female mice were fed either a control or a high fat (HF) diet prior to mating, and during pregnancy and lactation. HF male newborns were heavier at birth and exhibited decreased protein expression of hypothalamic bHLH factors, pAMPK/AMPK and POMC with increased AgRP. As adults, these changes persisted though with increased ARC pAMPK/AMPK. Importantly, the total NPY neurons were increased, which was consistent with the increased food intake and adult fat mass. Further, NPCs from HF newborn hypothalamic tissue showed similar changes with preferential NPC neuronal differentiation towards NPY. Lastly, the role of AMPK was further confirmed with in vitro treatment of Control NPCs with pharmacologic AMPK modulators. Thus, the altered ARC development of HF offspring results in excess appetite and reduced satiety leading to obesity. The underlying mechanism may involve AMPK/bHLH pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Desai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perinatal Research Laboratory, The Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA; (G.H.); (K.N.); (M.G.R.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +310-974-9540
| | - Monica G. Ferrini
- Department of Health and Life Sciences, Charles R. Drew University, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
| | - Guang Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perinatal Research Laboratory, The Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA; (G.H.); (K.N.); (M.G.R.)
| | - Kavita Narwani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perinatal Research Laboratory, The Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA; (G.H.); (K.N.); (M.G.R.)
| | - Michael G. Ross
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perinatal Research Laboratory, The Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA; (G.H.); (K.N.); (M.G.R.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Charles R. Drew University, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
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Dai Y, Ghosh S, Shin BC, Devaskar SU. Role of microRNA-122 in hepatic lipid metabolism of the weanling female rat offspring exposed to prenatal and postnatal caloric restriction. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 73:108220. [PMID: 31630081 PMCID: PMC6896790 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.108220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We examined the role of hepatocyte micro-RNA-122 and hypothalamic neuropeptides, in weanling (21d) female rats exposed to calorie restriction induced growth restriction either prenatally (IUGR), postnatally (PNGR) or both (IPGR) vs. ad lib fed controls (CON). IUGR were hyperinsulinemic, hyperleptinemic and dyslipidemic with high circulating miR-122. In contrast, PNGR and IPGR displayed insufficient glucose, insulin and leptin amidst high ketones with a dichotomy in circulating miR-122 of PNGR
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Dai
- Department of Pediatrics and the Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Shubhamoy Ghosh
- Department of Pediatrics and the Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Bo-Chul Shin
- Department of Pediatrics and the Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Sherin U Devaskar
- Department of Pediatrics and the Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine UCLA, Los Angeles, CA.
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10
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Desai M, Han G, Li T, Ross MG. Programmed Epigenetic DNA Methylation-Mediated Reduced Neuroprogenitor Cell Proliferation and Differentiation in Small-for-Gestational-Age Offspring. Neuroscience 2019; 412:60-71. [PMID: 31153962 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Small-for-gestational age (SGA) human newborns have an increased risk of hyperphagia and obesity, as well as a spectrum of neurologic and neurobehavioral abnormalities. We have shown that the SGA hypothalamic (appetite regulatory site) neuroprogenitor cells (NPCs) exhibit reduced proliferation and neuronal differentiation. DNA methylation (DNA methyltransferase; DNMT1) regulates neurogenesis by maintaining NPC proliferation and suppressing premature differentiation. Once differentiation ensues, DNMT1 preferentially promotes neuronal and inhibits astroglial fate. We hypothesized that the programmed dysfunction of NPC proliferation and differentiation in SGA offspring is epigenetically mediated via DNMT1. Pregnant rats received either ad libitum food (Control) or were 50% food-restricted to create SGA offspring. Primary hypothalamic NPCs from 1 day old SGA and Controls newborns were cultured and transfected with nonspecific or DNMT1-specific siRNA. NPC proliferation and protein expression of specific markers of NPC (nestin), neuroproliferative transcription factor (Hes1), neurons (Tuj1) and astrocytes (GFAP) were determined. Under basal conditions, SGA NPCs exhibited decreased DNMT1 and reduced proliferation and differentiation, as compared to Controls. In both SGA and Controls, DNMT1 siRNA in complete media inhibited NPC proliferation, consistent with reduced expression of nestin and Hes1. In differentiation media, DNMT1 siRNA decreased expression of Tuj1 but increased GFAP. In vivo data replicated these findings. In SGA offspring, impaired neurogenesis is epigenetically mediated, in part, via reduction in DNMT1 expression and suppression of Hes1 resulting in NPC differentiation. It is likely that the maturation of regions beyond the hypothalamus (e.g., cerebral cortex, hippocampus) may be impacted, contributing to poor cognitive and neurobehavioral competency in SGA offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Desai
- Perinatal Research Laboratory, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Torrance, CA, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Guang Han
- Perinatal Research Laboratory, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Tie Li
- Perinatal Research Laboratory, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Michael G Ross
- Perinatal Research Laboratory, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Torrance, CA, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Charles R. Drew University, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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11
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Costa TC, Moura FH, Souza RO, Lopes MM, Fontes MMS, Serão NVL, Sanglard LP, Du M, Gionbelli MP, Duarte MS. Effect of maternal feed restriction in dairy goats at different stages of gestation on skeletal muscle development and energy metabolism of kids at the time of births. Anim Reprod Sci 2019; 206:46-59. [PMID: 31104948 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim was to determine effects of maternal feed restriction in dairy goats at gestational different stages on skeletal muscle development and energy metabolism in kids at birth. Six pregnant goats were fed 50% of total digestible nutrients (TDN) and crude protein (CP) (NRC, 2007) recommendations in the first half of gestation and then fed to 100% of the recommendations in the second half of gestation (treatment R-M). In the other group, eight pregnant goats were fed 100% of TDN and CP in the first half of gestation and 50% of a restricted diet the second half of gestation (treatment M-R). Birth weight, blood glucose concentration, muscle fiber number, and size of kids at birth were not affected by maternal feed restriction. The mRNA and protein abundance of myogenic, adipogenic and fibrogenic markers were not affected (P > 0.05) by maternal diet. With regard to values for variables in kid energy metabolism, mRNA abundance of the glycolic enzyme HKII was less (P = 0.03) in the M-R group. In conclusion, maternal feed restriction in the first or second half of gestation had no affect mRNA abundance on myogenic, adipogenic, and fibrogenic markers nor were there changes in skeletal muscle mesenchymal stem cell population of kids at the time of birth. There, however, may be detrimental effects on energy metabolism by reducing HKII gene expression in skeletal muscle of dairy goat kids at the time of birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís C Costa
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Felipe H Moura
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Ranyeri O Souza
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Mariana M Lopes
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Marta M S Fontes
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Nick V L Serão
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, USA
| | | | - Min Du
- Department of Animal Science, Washington State University, Pullman, USA
| | - Mateus P Gionbelli
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Marcio S Duarte
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil.
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12
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Plows JF, Stanley JL, Baker PN, Reynolds CM, Vickers MH. The Pathophysiology of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3342. [PMID: 30373146 PMCID: PMC6274679 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 770] [Impact Index Per Article: 128.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a serious pregnancy complication, in which women without previously diagnosed diabetes develop chronic hyperglycemia during gestation. In most cases, this hyperglycemia is the result of impaired glucose tolerance due to pancreatic β-cell dysfunction on a background of chronic insulin resistance. Risk factors for GDM include overweight and obesity, advanced maternal age, and a family history or any form of diabetes. Consequences of GDM include increased risk of maternal cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes and macrosomia and birth complications in the infant. There is also a longer-term risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease in the child. GDM affects approximately 16.5% of pregnancies worldwide, and this number is set to increase with the escalating obesity epidemic. While several management strategies exist-including insulin and lifestyle interventions-there is not yet a cure or an efficacious prevention strategy. One reason for this is that the molecular mechanisms underlying GDM are poorly defined. This review discusses what is known about the pathophysiology of GDM, and where there are gaps in the literature that warrant further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine F Plows
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
| | - Joanna L Stanley
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
| | - Philip N Baker
- University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK.
| | - Clare M Reynolds
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
| | - Mark H Vickers
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
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13
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Kumagai A, Itakura A, Koya D, Kanasaki K. AMP-Activated Protein (AMPK) in Pathophysiology of Pregnancy Complications. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103076. [PMID: 30304773 PMCID: PMC6212814 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the global maternal mortality ratio has been consistently reduced over time, in 2015, there were still 303,000 maternal deaths throughout the world, of which 99% occurred in developing countries. Understanding pathophysiology of pregnancy complications contributes to the proper prenatal care for the reduction of prenatal, perinatal and neonatal mortality and morbidity ratio. In this review, we focus on AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) as a regulator of pregnancy complications. AMPK is a serine/threonine kinase that is conserved within eukaryotes. It regulates the cellular and whole-body energy homeostasis under stress condition. The functions of AMPK are diverse, and the dysregulation of AMPK is known to correlate with many disorders such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, inflammatory disease, and cancer. During pregnancy, AMPK is necessary for the proper placental differentiation, nutrient transportation, maternal and fetal energy homeostasis, and protection of the fetal membrane. Activators of AMPK such as 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR), resveratrol, and metformin restores pregnancy complications such as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, and preterm birth preclinically. We also discuss on the relationship between catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), an enzyme that metabolizes catechol, and AMPK during pregnancy. It is known that metformin cannot activate AMPK in COMT deficient mice, and that 2-methoxyestradiol (2-ME), a metabolite of COMT, recovers the AMPK activity, suggesting that COMT is a regulator of AMPK. These reports suggest the therapeutic use of AMPK activators for various pregnancy complications, however, careful analysis is required for the safe use of AMPK activators since AMPK activation could cause fetal malformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asako Kumagai
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Atsuo Itakura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Koya
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan.
- Division of Anticipatory Molecular Food Science and Technology, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan.
| | - Keizo Kanasaki
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan.
- Division of Anticipatory Molecular Food Science and Technology, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan.
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14
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Sferruzzi-Perri AN, Camm EJ. The Programming Power of the Placenta. Front Physiol 2016; 7:33. [PMID: 27014074 PMCID: PMC4789467 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Size at birth is a critical determinant of life expectancy, and is dependent primarily on the placental supply of nutrients. However, the placenta is not just a passive organ for the materno-fetal transfer of nutrients and oxygen. Studies show that the placenta can adapt morphologically and functionally to optimize substrate supply, and thus fetal growth, under adverse intrauterine conditions. These adaptations help meet the fetal drive for growth, and their effectiveness will determine the amount and relative proportions of specific metabolic substrates supplied to the fetus at different stages of development. This flow of nutrients will ultimately program physiological systems at the gene, cell, tissue, organ, and system levels, and inadequacies can cause permanent structural and functional changes that lead to overt disease, particularly with increasing age. This review examines the environmental regulation of the placental phenotype with particular emphasis on the impact of maternal nutritional challenges and oxygen scarcity in mice, rats and guinea pigs. It also focuses on the effects of such conditions on fetal growth and the developmental programming of disease postnatally. A challenge for future research is to link placental structure and function with clinical phenotypes in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily J Camm
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge Cambridge, UK
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15
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Desai M, Han G, Ross MG. Programmed hyperphagia in offspring of obese dams: Altered expression of hypothalamic nutrient sensors, neurogenic factors and epigenetic modulators. Appetite 2016; 99:193-199. [PMID: 26785315 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Maternal overnutrition results in programmed offspring obesity, mediated in part, by hyperphagia. This is remarkably similar to the effects of maternal undernutrition on offspring hyperphagia and obesity. In view of the marked differences in the energy environment of the over and under-nutrition exposures, we studied the expression of select epigenetic modifiers associated with energy imbalance including neurogenic factors and appetite/satiety neuropeptides which are indicative of neurogenic differentiation. HF offspring were exposed to maternal overnutrition (high fat diet; HF) during pregnancy and lactation. We determined the protein expression of energy sensors (mTOR, pAMPK), epigenetic factors (DNA methylase, DNMT1; histone deacetylase, SIRT1/HDAC1), neurogenic factors (Hes1, Mash1, Ngn3) and appetite/satiety neuropeptides (AgRP/POMC) in newborn hypothalamus and adult arcuate nucleus (ARC). Despite maternal obesity, male offspring born to obese dams had similar body weight at birth as Controls. However, when nursed by the same dams, male offspring of obese dams exhibited marked adiposity. At 1 day of age, HF newborn males had significantly decreased energy sensors, DNMT1 including Hes1 and Mash1, which may impact neuroprogenitor cell proliferation and differentiation. This is consistent with increased AgRP in HF newborns. At 6 months of age, HF adult males had significantly increased energy sensors and decreased histone deactylases. In addition, the persistent decreased Hes1, Mash1 as well as Ngn3 are consistent with increased AgRP and decreased POMC. Thus, altered energy sensors and epigenetic responses which modulate gene expression and adult neuronal differentiation may contribute to hyperphagia and obesity in HF male offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Desai
- Perinatal Research Laboratories, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA.
| | - Guang Han
- Perinatal Research Laboratories, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Michael G Ross
- Perinatal Research Laboratories, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
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16
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Sun X, Fukami T, Li T, Desai M, Ross MG. Preferential development of neuropeptide Y/GABA circuit in hypothalamic arcuate nucleus in postnatal rats. Brain Res 2016; 1635:27-40. [PMID: 26790345 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The hypothalamus, which plays a critical role in regulation of energy homeostasis, is formed during the perinatal period and thus vulnerable to fetal/newborn environmental conditions. We investigated synaptogenesis and neurotransmission of neurons in arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARH) during the postnatal period using immunohistochemical and electrophysiological methods. Our results show that the density of neuropeptide Y (NPY) fibers increases abruptly after the second postnatal week. NPY and proopiomelanocortin (POMC) immunoreactive fibers/varicosities puncta are mutually juxtaposed to perikarya of both neurons with increasing NPY and decreasing POMC apposition until the third postnatal week. The frequencies of spontaneous GABAergic inhibitory and glutamatergic excitatory postsynaptic currents (sIPSC and sEPSC) increase with age, with action potential dependent sIPSCs predominant during first postnatal week and sEPSCs thereafter. The presynaptic function of ARH synapses appears to reach adult levels around the age of weaning, while the postsynaptic receptors are still undergoing modification, evidenced by changes of frequencies, amplitudes and deactivation kinetics of PSCs. The number of NPY fibers juxtaposed to NPY neurons is correlated with the frequency of postsynaptic currents, suggesting that NPY/GABA release may facilitate maturation of synapses on their innervated neurons. Our results indicate that a neural circuit in ARH with a stronger NPY/GABAergic tone undergoes significant development during the postnatal period, which may be important for the maturation and/or remodeling of ARH neural circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, United States; David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Tatsuya Fukami
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, United States
| | - Tie Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, United States
| | - Mina Desai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, United States; David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Michael G Ross
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, United States; David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
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17
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Chen LH, Liang L, Fang YL, Wang YM, Zhu WF. Fish oil improves lipid profile in juvenile rats with intrauterine growth retardation by altering the transcriptional expression of lipid-related hepatic genes. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2015; 29:3292-8. [PMID: 26586306 DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2015.1123244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether maternal intrauterine undernutrition and post-weaning fish oil intake influence lipid profile in juvenile offspring, and explore the possible mechanisms at transcriptional levels. METHODS After weaning, 32 control offspring and 24 intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) offspring were randomly allocated to standard chow or fish oil diet. At 10 weeks, fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol and expressions of related hepatic genes were examined. RESULTS IUGR offspring without catch-up growth tended to develop hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and hepatic steatosis. Down-regulation of CPT-1 and LDLR at transcriptional levels were found in IUGR offspring. Early short-term fish oil intervention reversed these unfavorable changes in juvenile rats with IUGR. The mechanisms might be mediated by decreased expression of ACC-1, increased expression of CPT-1, LDLR and ABCG5. CONCLUSION These data suggest that IUGR offspring already present lipid abnormality in juvenile stage, and early short-term fish oil consumption is beneficial to prevent these unfavorable changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian-Hui Chen
- a Department of Pediatrics , The First Affiliated Hospital of College of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China and.,b Department of Pediatrics , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University , Quanzhou , Fujian , China
| | - Li Liang
- a Department of Pediatrics , The First Affiliated Hospital of College of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China and
| | - Yan-Lan Fang
- a Department of Pediatrics , The First Affiliated Hospital of College of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China and
| | - Ying-Min Wang
- a Department of Pediatrics , The First Affiliated Hospital of College of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China and
| | - Wei-Fen Zhu
- a Department of Pediatrics , The First Affiliated Hospital of College of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China and
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18
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The fetal programming of food preferences: current clinical and experimental evidence. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2015; 7:222-230. [PMID: 26412563 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174415007187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Increased energy consumption is one of the major factors implicated in the epidemic of obesity. There is compelling evidence, both clinical and experimental, that fetal paucity of nutrients may have programming effects on feeding preferences and behaviors that can contribute to the development of diseases. Clinical studies in different age groups show that individuals born small for their gestational age (SGA) have preferences towards highly caloric foods such as carbohydrates and fats. Some studies have also shown altered eating behaviors in SGA children. Despite an apparent discrepancy in different age groups, all studies seem to converge to an increased intake of palatable foods in SGA individuals. Small nutrient imbalances across lifespan increase the risk of noncommunicable diseases in adult life. Homeostatic factors such as altered responses to leptin and insulin and alterations in neuropeptides associated with appetite and satiety are likely involved. Imbalances between homeostatic and hedonic signaling are another proposed mechanism, with the mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic pathway having differential reward and pleasure responses when facing palatable foods. Early exposure to undernutrition also programs hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, with SGA having higher levels of cortisol in different ages, leading to chronic hyperactivity of this neuroendocrine axis. This review summarizes the clinical and experimental evidence related to fetal programming of feeding preferences by SGA.
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19
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Li B, Li W, Ahmad H, Zhang L, Wang C, Wang T. Effects of Choline on Meat Quality and Intramuscular Fat in Intrauterine Growth Retardation Pigs. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129109. [PMID: 26046629 PMCID: PMC4457733 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of choline supplementation on intramuscular fat (IMF) and lipid oxidation in IUGR pigs. Twelve normal body weight (NBW) and twelve intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) newborn piglets were collected and distributed into 4 treatments (Normal: N, Normal+Choline: N+C, IUGR: I, and IUGR+Choline: I+C) with 6 piglets in each treatment. At 23 d of age, NBW and IUGR pigs were fed basal or choline supplemented diets. The results showed that the IUGR pigs had significantly lower (P<0.05) BW as compared with the NBW pigs at 23 d, 73 d, and 120 d of age, however, there was a slight decreased (P>0.05) in BW of IUGR pigs than the NBW pigs at 200 d. Compared with the NBW pigs, pH of meat longissimus dorsi muscle was significantly lower (P<0.05), and the meat color was improved in IUGR pigs. The malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly decreased (P<0.05), while triglyceride (TG) and IMF contents were significantly higher (P<0.05) in the IUGR pigs than the NBW pigs. IUGR up-regulated the mRNA gene expression of fatty acid synthetase (FAS) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). Dietary choline significantly increased (P<0.05) the BW at 120d of age, however, significantly decreased (P<0.05) the TG and IMF contents in both IUGR and NBW pigs. FAS and sterol regulatory element-binding proteins 1 (SREBP1) mRNA gene expressions were increased (P<0.05) while the muscle-carnitine palmityl transferase (M-CPT) and peroxisome proliferators-activated receptorγ (PPARγ) mRNA (P<0.05) gene expressions were decreased in the muscles of the IUGR pigs by choline supplementation. Furthermore, choline supplementation significantly increased (P<0.05) the MDA content as well as the O2•¯ scavenging activity in meat of IUGR pigs. The results suggested that IUGR pigs showed a permanent stunting effect on the growth performance, increased fat deposition and oxidative stress in muscles. However, dietary supplementation of choline improved the fat deposition via enhancing the lipogenesis and reducing the lipolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hussain Ahmad
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tian Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail:
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20
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Reyes LM, Morton JS, Kirschenman R, DeLorey DS, Davidge ST. Vascular effects of aerobic exercise training in rat adult offspring exposed to hypoxia-induced intrauterine growth restriction. J Physiol 2015; 593:1913-29. [PMID: 25616117 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2014.288449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Prenatal hypoxia, one of the most common consequences of complicated pregnancies, leads to intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and impairs later-life endothelium-dependent vascular function. Early interventions are needed to ultimately reduce later-life risk for cardiovascular disease. Aerobic exercise training has been shown to prevent cardiovascular diseases. Whether exercise can be used as an intervention to reverse the vascular phenotype of this susceptible population is unknown. Aerobic exercise training enhanced endothelium-derived hyperpolarization-mediated vasodilatation in gastrocnemius muscle arteries in male IUGR offspring, and did not improve nitric oxide-mediated vasodilatation in IUGR offspring. Understanding the mechanisms by which exercise impacts the cardiovascular system in a susceptible population and the consideration of sexual dimorphism is essential to define whether exercise could be used as a preventive strategy in this population. ABSTRACT Hypoxia in utero is a critical insult causing intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Adult offspring born with hypoxia-induced IUGR have impaired endothelium-dependent vascular function. We tested whether aerobic exercise improves IUGR-induced endothelial dysfunction. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to control (21% oxygen) or hypoxic (11% oxygen) conditions from gestational day 15 to 21. Male and female offspring from normoxic and hypoxic (IUGR) pregnancies were randomized at 10 weeks of age to either an exercise-trained or sedentary group. Exercise-trained rats ran on a treadmill for 30 min at 20 m min(-1) , 5 deg gradient, 5 days week(-1) , for 6 weeks. Concentration-response curves to phenylephrine and methylcholine were performed in second order mesenteric and gastrocnemius muscle arteries, in the presence or absence of l-NAME (100 μm), MnTBAP (peroxynitrite scavenger; 10 μm), apamin (0.1 μm) and TRAM-34 (an intermediate-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel blocker; 10 μm), or indomethacin (5 μm). In adult male IUGR offspring, prenatal hypoxia had no effect on total vasodilator responses in either vascular bed. Aerobic exercise training in IUGR males, however, improved endothelium-derived hyperpolarization (EDH)-mediated vasodilatation in gastrocnemius muscle arteries. Female IUGR offspring had reduced NO-mediated vasodilatation in both vascular beds, along with decreased total vasodilator responses and increased prostaglandin-mediated vasoconstriction in gastrocnemius muscle arteries. In contrast to males, aerobic exercise training in IUGR female offspring had no effect on either vascular bed. Exercise may not prove to be a beneficial therapy for specific vascular pathways affected by prenatal hypoxia, particularly in female offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Reyes
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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21
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Sarvestani FS, Tamadon A, Hematzadeh A, Jahanara M, Shirazi MRJ, Moghadam A, Niazi A, Moghiminasr R. Expression of melanocortin-4 receptor and agouti-related peptide mRNAs in arcuate nucleus during long term malnutrition of female ovariectomized rats. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2015; 18:104-7. [PMID: 25825637 PMCID: PMC4366736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) and agouti-related peptide (AgRP) are involved in energy homeostasis in the rat. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the expression of MC4R and AgRP mRNAs in arcuate nucleus (ARC) during long term malnutrition of female ovariectomized rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten female ovariectomized rats were divided into two equal groups (n=6) of normal and restricted diet groups. Using real-time PCR, the relative expressions (compared to controls) of MC4R and AgRP mRNAs were compared between both diet groups. RESULTS The relative expression of MC4R and AgRP mRNA in the ARC of female ovariectomized rats during long term malnutrition was higher than those with normal diet (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Changes in the relative expression level of MC4R and AgRP mRNAs during long term malnutrition of rat indicated a stimulatory role of MC4R and AgRP in regulating energy balance in ARC of rat hypothalamus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amin Tamadon
- Infertility Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran,Transgenic Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran,Corresponding author: Amin Tamadon. Neshat Avenue, Transgenic Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. Tel/fax: +98-711-2341025;
| | - Aida Hematzadeh
- Transgenic Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maliheh Jahanara
- Transgenic Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Ali Moghadam
- Biotechnology Institute, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Niazi
- Biotechnology Institute, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Moghiminasr
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology at the Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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22
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Mechanism of programmed obesity: altered central insulin sensitivity in growth-restricted juvenile female rats. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2014; 4:239-48. [PMID: 25054843 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174413000019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Intrauterine growth-restricted (IUGR) offspring are at increased risk of adult obesity, as a result of changes in energy balance mechanisms. We hypothesized that impairment of hypothalamic insulin signaling contributes to hyperphagia in IUGR offspring. Study pregnant dams were 50% food restricted from days 10 to 21 to create IUGR newborns. At 5 weeks of age, food intake was measured following intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of vehicle or insulin (10 mU) in control and IUGR pups. At 6 weeks of age, with pups in fed or fasted (48 h) states, pups received icv vehicle or insulin after which they were decapitated, and hypothalamic arcuate (ARC) nucleus dissected for RNA and protein expression. IUGR rats consumed more food than controls under basal conditions, consistent with upregulated ARC phospho AMP-activated protein kinase (pAMPK) and neuropeptide Y (NPY). Insulin acutely reduced food intake in both control and IUGR rats. Consistent with anorexigenic stimulation, central insulin decreased AMP-activated protein kinase and NPY mRNA expression and increased proopiomelanocortin mRNA expression and pAkt, with significantly reduced responses in IUGR as compared with controls. Despite feeding, IUGR offspring exhibit a persistent state of orexigenic stimulation in the ARC nucleus and relative resistance to the anorexigenic effects of icv insulin. These results suggest that impaired insulin signaling contributes to hyperphagia and obesity in IUGR offspring.
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Portella AK, Silveira PP. Neurobehavioral determinants of nutritional security in fetal growth-restricted individuals. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2014; 1331:15-33. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- André Krumel Portella
- Hospital da Criança Santo Antônio; Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre; Rio Grande do Sul; Brazil
| | - Patrícia Pelufo Silveira
- Departamento de Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Rio Grande do Sul; Brazil
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Abstract
A newly recognized primary cause of the obesity epidemic is the developmental programming effects of infants born to mothers with obesity or gestational diabetes, intrauterine growth-restricted newborns, and offspring exposed to environmental toxins including bisphenol A. The mechanisms which result in offspring obesity include the programming of the hypothalamic appetite pathway and adipogenic signals regulating lipogenesis. Processes include nutrient sensors, epigenetic modifications, and alterations in stem cell precursors of both appetite/satiety neurons and adipocytes which are modulated to potentiate offspring obesity. Future strategies for the prevention and therapy of obesity must address programming effects of the early life environment.
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Ross MG, Desai M. Developmental Programming of Appetite/Satiety. ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2014; 64 Suppl 1:36-44. [DOI: 10.1159/000360508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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26
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Shi Q, Wang J, Yan S, Zhao J, Li H. Expression of neuropeptide Y and pro-opiomelanocortin in hypothalamic arcuate nucleus in 17α-ethinyl estradiol-induced intrahepatic cholestasis pregnant rat offspring. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2013; 40:445-52. [PMID: 24147859 DOI: 10.1111/jog.12206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingyun Shi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Beijing Shi Jitan Hospital; Capital Medical University; Beijing China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Department of Laboratory Animal Sciences; Capital Medical University; Beijing China
| | - Shi Yan
- Department of clinical Medical; West China Medical School; Sichuan University; Chendu China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Beijing Shi Jitan Hospital; Capital Medical University; Beijing China
| | - Hongxia Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Beijing Shi Jitan Hospital; Capital Medical University; Beijing China
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Duque-Guimarães DE, Ozanne SE. Nutritional programming of insulin resistance: causes and consequences. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2013; 24:525-35. [PMID: 23791137 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2013.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Strong evidence indicates that adverse prenatal and early postnatal environments have a significant long-term influence on risk factors that result in insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and cardiovascular disease later in life. Here we discuss current knowledge of how maternal and neonatal nutrition influence early growth and the long-term risk of developing insulin resistance in different organs and at the whole-body level. Accumulating evidence supports a role for epigenetic mechanisms underlying this nutritional programming, consisting of heritable changes that regulate gene expression which in turn shapes the phenotype across generations. Deciphering these molecular mechanisms in key tissues and discovering key biological markers may provide valuable insight towards the development of effective intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniella E Duque-Guimarães
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and Medical Research Council (MRC) Metabolic Disease Unit, Institute of Metabolic Sciences, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
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Expressions of neuropeptide Y and Y1 receptor in subcutaneous and visceral fat tissues in normal weight and obese humans and their correlations with clinical parameters and peripheral metabolic factors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 185:65-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2013.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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