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Jain SM, Nagainallur Ravichandran S, Murali Kumar M, Banerjee A, Sun-Zhang A, Zhang H, Pathak R, Sun XF, Pathak S. Understanding the molecular mechanism responsible for developing therapeutic radiation-induced radioresistance of rectal cancer and improving the clinical outcomes of radiotherapy - A review. Cancer Biol Ther 2024; 25:2317999. [PMID: 38445632 PMCID: PMC10936619 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2024.2317999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Rectal cancer accounts for the second highest cancer-related mortality, which is predominant in Western civilizations. The treatment for rectal cancers includes surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. Radiotherapy, specifically external beam radiation therapy, is the most common way to treat rectal cancer because radiation not only limits cancer progression but also significantly reduces the risk of local recurrence. However, therapeutic radiation-induced radioresistance to rectal cancer cells and toxicity to normal tissues are major drawbacks. Therefore, understanding the mechanistic basis of developing radioresistance during and after radiation therapy would provide crucial insight to improve clinical outcomes of radiation therapy for rectal cancer patients. Studies by various groups have shown that radiotherapy-mediated changes in the tumor microenvironment play a crucial role in developing radioresistance. Therapeutic radiation-induced hypoxia and functional alterations in the stromal cells, specifically tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF), play a crucial role in developing radioresistance. In addition, signaling pathways, such as - the PI3K/AKT pathway, Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and the hippo pathway, modulate the radiation responsiveness of cancer cells. Different radiosensitizers, such as small molecules, microRNA, nanomaterials, and natural and chemical sensitizers, are being used to increase the effectiveness of radiotherapy. This review highlights the mechanism responsible for developing radioresistance of rectal cancer following radiotherapy and potential strategies to enhance the effectiveness of radiotherapy for better management of rectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samatha M Jain
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Kelambakkam, Chennai, India
| | - Shruthi Nagainallur Ravichandran
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Kelambakkam, Chennai, India
| | - Makalakshmi Murali Kumar
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Kelambakkam, Chennai, India
| | - Antara Banerjee
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Kelambakkam, Chennai, India
| | - Alexander Sun-Zhang
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, BioClinicum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hong Zhang
- School of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Orebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Rupak Pathak
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Xiao-Feng Sun
- Department of Oncology and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Surajit Pathak
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Kelambakkam, Chennai, India
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Zhao L, Wu Q, Long Y, Qu Q, Qi F, Liu L, Zhang L, Ai K. microRNAs: critical targets for treating rheumatoid arthritis angiogenesis. J Drug Target 2024; 32:1-20. [PMID: 37982157 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2023.2284097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Vascular neogenesis, an early event in the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) inflammation, is critical for the formation of synovial vascular networks and plays a key role in the progression and persistence of chronic RA inflammation. microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of single-stranded, non-coding RNAs with approximately 21-23 nucleotides in length, regulate gene expression by binding to the 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR) of specific mRNAs. Increasing evidence suggests that miRNAs are differently expressed in diseases associated with vascular neogenesis and play a crucial role in disease-related vascular neogenesis. However, current studies are not sufficient and further experimental studies are needed to validate and establish the relationship between miRNAs and diseases associated with vascular neogenesis, and to determine the specific role of miRNAs in vascular development pathways. To better treat vascular neogenesis in diseases such as RA, we need additional studies on the role of miRNAs and their target genes in vascular development, and to provide more strategic references. In addition, future studies can use modern biotechnological methods such as proteomics and transcriptomics to investigate the expression and regulatory mechanisms of miRNAs, providing a more comprehensive and in-depth research basis for the treatment of related diseases such as RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Zhao
- College of Acupuncture, Tuina and Rehabilitation, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Qingze Wu
- College of Acupuncture, Tuina and Rehabilitation, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yiying Long
- Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Qirui Qu
- College of Acupuncture, Tuina and Rehabilitation, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Fang Qi
- College of Acupuncture, Tuina and Rehabilitation, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Li Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- College of Acupuncture, Tuina and Rehabilitation, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Kun Ai
- College of Acupuncture, Tuina and Rehabilitation, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
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Berisha B, Thaqi G, Schams D, Rodler D, Sinowatz F, Pfaffl MW. Effect of the gonadotropin surge on steroid receptor regulation in preovulatory follicles and newly formed corpora lutea in the cow. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2024; 89:106876. [PMID: 39047595 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2024.106876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to characterize the mRNA expression patterns of specific steroid hormone receptors namely, estrogen receptors (ESRRA-estrogen related receptor alpha and ESRRB-estrogen related receptor beta) and progesterone receptors (PGR) in superovulation-induced bovine follicles during the periovulation and subsequent corpus luteum (CL) formation. The bovine ovaries (n = 5 cow / group), containing preovulatory follicles or early CL, were collected relative to injection of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) at (I) 0 h, (II) 4 h, (III) 10 h, (IV) 20 h, (V) 25 h (preovulatory follicles) and (VI) 60 h (CL, 2-3 days after induced ovulation). In this experiment, we analyzed the steroid receptor mRNA expression and their localization in the follicle and CL tissue. The high mRNA expression of ESRRA, ESRRB, and PGR analyzed in the follicles before ovulation is significantly reduced in the group of follicles during ovulation (25 h after GnRH), rising again significantly after ovulation in newly formed CL, only for ESRRA and PGR (P < 0.05). Immunohistochemically, the nuclei of antral follicles' granulosa cells showed a positive staining for ESRRA, followed by higher activity in the large luteal cells just after ovulation (early CL). In contrast, the lower PGR immunopresence in preovulatory follicles increased in both small and large luteal cell nuclei after follicle ovulation. Our results of steroid receptor mRNA expression in this experimentally induced gonadotropin surge provide insight into the molecular mechanisms of the effects of steroid hormones on follicular-luteal tissue in the period close to the ovulation and subsequent CL formation in the cow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bajram Berisha
- Chair of Animal Physiology and Immunology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Weihenstephan 85354, Germany; Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary, University of Prishtina, Prishtinë, Kosovo; Academy of Science of Albania, Tirana, Albania
| | - Granit Thaqi
- Chair of Animal Physiology and Immunology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Weihenstephan 85354, Germany.
| | - Dieter Schams
- Chair of Animal Physiology and Immunology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Weihenstephan 85354, Germany
| | - Daniela Rodler
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Fred Sinowatz
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael W Pfaffl
- Chair of Animal Physiology and Immunology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Weihenstephan 85354, Germany
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Ochirbat S, Kan TC, Hsu CC, Huang TH, Chuang KH, Chen M, Cheng CC, Chang CC, Rahayu S, Chang J. The angiogenic role of the alpha 9-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in triple-negative breast cancers. Angiogenesis 2024:10.1007/s10456-024-09944-6. [PMID: 39177676 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-024-09944-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Nicotine acts as an angiogenic factor by stimulating endogenous cholinergic pathways. Several subtypes of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have been demonstrated to be closely correlated to the formation and progression of different types of cancers. Recently, several studies have found that nicotinic acetylcholine receptors α9 (α9-nAChRs) are highly expressed in breast tumors, especially in tumors derived from patients diagnosed at advanced stages. In vitro studies have demonstrated that activation of α9-nAChRs is associated with increased proliferation and migration of breast cancer. To study the tumor-promoting role of α9-nAChRs in breast cancers, we generated a novel anti-α9-nAChR and methoxy-polyethylene glycol (mPEG) bispecific antibody (α9 BsAb) for dissecting the molecular mechanism on α9-nAChR-mediated tumor progression. Unexpectedly, we discovered the angiogenic role of α9-nAChR in nicotine-induced neovascularization of tumors. It revealed α9 BsAbs reduced nicotine-induced endothelial cell tube formation, blood vessel development in Matrigel plug assay and angiogenesis in microtube array membrane murine model (MTAMs). To unbraid the molecular mechanism of α9-nAChR in nicotine-mediated angiogenesis, the α9 BsAbs were applied and revealed the inhibitory roles in nicotine-induced production of hypoxia-inducible factor-2 alpha (HIF-2α), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), phosphorylated vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (p-VEGFR2), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) from triple-negative breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231), suggesting α9-nAChRs played an important role in nicotine-induced angiogenesis. To confirm our results, the shRNA targeting α9-nAChRs was designed and used to silence α9-nAChR expression and then evaluated the angiogenic role of α9-nAChRs. The results showed α9 shRNA also played an inhibitory effect in blocking the nicotine-induced angiogenic signaling. Taken together, α9-nAChR played a critical role in nicotine-induced angiogenesis and this bispecific antibody (α9 BsAb) may serve as a potential therapeutic candidate for treatments of the α9 positive cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonjid Ochirbat
- International Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chun Kan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chun Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hsuan Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, 23561, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsiang Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Michael Chen
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chia Cheng
- Research Center of Radiation Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chao Chang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center for Digestive Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Sri Rahayu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Jakarta, 13220, Indonesia
| | - Jungshan Chang
- International Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
- International Ph.D. Program for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
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Loktionov AV, Kobzeva KA, Karpenko AR, Sergeeva VA, Orlov YL, Bushueva OY. GWAS-significant loci and severe COVID-19: analysis of associations, link with thromboinflammation syndrome, gene-gene, and gene-environmental interactions. Front Genet 2024; 15:1434681. [PMID: 39175753 PMCID: PMC11338913 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1434681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to replicate associations of GWAS-significant loci with severe COVID-19 in the population of Central Russia, to investigate associations of the SNPs with thromboinflammation parameters, to analyze gene-gene and gene-environmental interactions. Materials and Methods DNA samples from 798 unrelated Caucasian subjects from Central Russia (199 hospitalized COVID-19 patients and 599 controls with a mild or asymptomatic course of COVID-19) were genotyped using probe-based polymerase chain reaction for 10 GWAS-significant SNPs: rs143334143 CCHCR1, rs111837807 CCHCR1, rs17078346 SLC6A20-LLZTFL1, rs17713054 SLC6A20-LLZTFL1, rs7949972 ELF5, rs61882275 ELF5, rs12585036 ATP11A, rs67579710 THBS3, THBS3-AS1, rs12610495 DPP9, rs9636867 IFNAR2. Results SNP rs17713054 SLC6A20-LZTFL1 was associated with increased risk of severe COVID-19 in the entire group (risk allele A, OR = 1.78, 95% CI = 1.22-2.6, p = 0.003), obese individuals (OR = 2.31, 95% CI = 1.52-3.5, p = 0.0002, (p bonf = 0.0004)), patients with low fruit and vegetable intake (OR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.15-2.58, p = 0.01, (p bonf = 0.02)), low physical activity (OR = 1.93, 95% CI = 1.26-2.94, p = 0.0035, (p bonf = 0.007)), and nonsmokers (OR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.11-2.46, p = 0.02). This SNP correlated with increased BMI (p = 0.006) and worsened thrombodynamic parameters (maximum optical density of the formed clot, D (p = 0.02), delayed appearance of spontaneous clots, Tsp (p = 0.02), clot size 30 min after coagulation activation, CS (p = 0.036)). SNP rs17078346 SLC6A20-LZTFL1 was linked with increased BMI (p = 0.01) and severe COVID-19 in obese individuals (risk allele C, OR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.15-2.58, p = 0.01, (p bonf = 0.02)). SNP rs12610495 DPP9 was associated with increased BMI (p = 0.01), severe COVID-19 in obese patients (risk allele G, OR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.09-2.01, p = 0.01, (p bonf = 0.02)), and worsened thrombodynamic parameters (time to the start of clot growth, Tlag (p = 0.01)). For rs7949972 ELF5, a protective effect against severe COVID-19 was observed in non-obese patients (effect allele T, OR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.47-0.95, p = 0.02, (p bonf = 0.04)), improving thrombodynamic parameters (CS (p = 0.02), stationary spatial clot growth rates, Vst (p = 0.02)). Finally, rs12585036 ATP11A exhibited a protective effect against severe COVID-19 in males (protective allele A, OR = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.32-0.83, p = 0.004). SNPs rs67579710 THBS3, THBS3-AS1, rs17713054 SLC6A20-LZTFL1, rs7949972 ELF5, rs9636867 IFNAR2-were involved in two or more of the most significant G×G interactions (p perm ≤ 0.01). The pairwise combination rs67579710 THBS3, THBS3-AS1 × rs17713054 SLC6A20-LZTFL1 was a priority in determining susceptibility to severe COVID-19 (it was included in four of the top five most significant SNP-SNP interaction models). Conclusion Overall, this study represents a comprehensive molecular-genetic and bioinformatics analysis of the involvement of GWAS-significant loci in the molecular mechanisms of severe COVID-19, gene-gene and gene-environmental interactions, and provides evidence of their relationship with thromboinflammation parameters in patients hospitalized in intensive care units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Valerevich Loktionov
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Institute of Continuing Education, Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, Russia
- Laboratory of Genomic Research, Research Institute for Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, Russia
| | - Ksenia Andreevna Kobzeva
- Laboratory of Genomic Research, Research Institute for Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, Russia
| | - Andrey Romanovich Karpenko
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Institute of Continuing Education, Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, Russia
- Laboratory of Genomic Research, Research Institute for Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, Russia
| | - Vera Alexeevna Sergeeva
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Institute of Continuing Education, Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, Russia
| | - Yuriy Lvovich Orlov
- Institute of Biodesign and Complex Systems Modeling, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Yurievna Bushueva
- Laboratory of Genomic Research, Research Institute for Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, Russia
- Department of Biology, Medical Genetics and Ecology, Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, Russia
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Yu J, Park R, Tojjari A, Sadeghipour A, Saeed A, Saeed A. Zanzalintinib (XL092): a next-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor-comprehensive review of early safety & efficacy data. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2024:1-9. [PMID: 39099411 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2024.2388571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Zanzalintinib (XL092) is a next-generation anti-VEGFR-related multi-targeted TKI that exhibits immunomodulatory effects. AREAS COVERED This review explores preclinical and clinical data, along with the future directions associated with zanzalintinib and its combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). EXPERT OPINION In addition to its anti-VEGFR activity, zanzalintinib demonstrates potential synergistic effects with ICIs through its immunomodulatory impact, attributed to its inhibition of MET and TAM kinases. Recent preclinical studies provide compelling evidence supporting this synergistic potential. Furthermore, a recent phase 1 dose escalation study confirmed the tolerability of the zanzalintinib and anti-PDL1 combination without major safety concerns.Multiple ongoing clinical trials are investigating the combination of zanzalintinib and ICIs across various solid tumor types, including phase 3 studies for renal cell carcinoma, colorectal, and head and neck cancer. These trials aim to elucidate the therapeutic role of this new-generation TKI and ICI combination.However, the identification of reliable predictive biomarkers for the zanzalintinib and ICI combination presents significant challenges. Given the intricate nature of their mechanistic rationale and the difficulties in identifying reliable biomarkers for combined anti-angiogenesis and ICI therapies, addressing this challenge remains a priority for ongoing and future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Yu
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Robin Park
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Alireza Tojjari
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Arezoo Sadeghipour
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Saeed
- Department of Medicine, Ochsner Lafayette General Medical Center, Lafayette, LA, USA
| | - Anwaar Saeed
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Holomková K, Veselá B, Dadáková K, Sharpe PT, Lesot H, Matalová E, Švandová E. Hypoxia-inducible factors in postnatal mouse molar dental pulp development: insights into expression patterns, localisation and metabolic pathways. Pflugers Arch 2024:10.1007/s00424-024-03003-1. [PMID: 39101996 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-024-03003-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Hypoxia is relevant to several physiological and pathological processes and this also applies for the tooth. The adaptive response to lowering oxygen concentration is mediated by hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). Since HIFs were shown to participate in the promotion of angiogenesis, stem cell survival, odontoblast differentiation and dentin formation, they may play a beneficial role in the tooth reparative processes. Although some data were generated in vitro, little is known about the in vivo context of HIFs in tooth development. In order to contribute to this field, the mouse mandibular first molar was used as a model.The expression and in situ localisation of HIFs were examined at postnatal (P) days P0, P7, P14, using RT-PCR and immunostaining. The expression pattern of a broad spectrum of hypoxia-related genes was monitored by customised PCR Arrays. Metabolic aspects were evaluated by determination of the lactate level and mRNA expression of the mitochondrial marker Nd1.The results show constant high mRNA expression of Hif1a, increasing expression of Hif2a, and very low expression of Hif3a during early postnatal molar development. In the examined period the localisation of HIFs in the nuclei of odontoblasts and the subodontoblastic layer identified their presence during odontoblastic differentiation. Additionally, the lower lactate level and higher expression of mitochondrial Nd1 in advanced development points to decreasing glycolysis during differentiation. Postnatal nuclear localisation of HIFs indicates a hypoxic state in specific areas of dental pulp as oxygen demands depend on physiological events such as crown and root dentin mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Holomková
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Barbora Veselá
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Physiology, Veterinary University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Dadáková
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Paul T Sharpe
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Hervé Lesot
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Matalová
- Department of Physiology, Veterinary University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Švandová
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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Heo JI, Ryu J. Natural Products in the Treatment of Retinopathy of Prematurity: Exploring Therapeutic Potentials. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8461. [PMID: 39126030 PMCID: PMC11313229 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a vascular disorder affecting the retinas of preterm infants. This condition arises when preterm infants in incubators are exposed to high oxygen levels, leading to oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and a downregulation of vascular endothelial growth factors, which causes the loss of retinal microvascular capillaries. Upon returning to room air, the upregulation of vascular growth factors results in abnormal vascular growth of retinal endothelial cells. Without appropriate intervention, ROP can progress to blindness. The prevalence of ROP has risen, making it a significant cause of childhood blindness. Current treatments, such as laser therapy and various pharmacologic approaches, are limited by their potential for severe adverse effects. Therefore, a deeper understanding of ROP's pathophysiology and the development of innovative treatments are imperative. Natural products from plants, fungi, bacteria, and marine organisms have shown promise in treating various diseases and have gained attention in ROP research due to their minimal side effects and wide-ranging beneficial properties. This review discusses the roles and mechanisms of natural products that hold potential as therapeutic agents in ROP management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juhee Ryu
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea;
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Kim MS, Glassman D, Handley KF, Lankenau Ahumada A, Jennings NB, Bayraktar E, Foster K, Joseph R, Lee S, Coleman RL, Sood AK. Mechanism and rational combinations with GP-2250, a novel oxathiazine derivative, in ovarian cancer. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e70031. [PMID: 39114948 PMCID: PMC11306972 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.70031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND GP-2250, a novel analog of taurultam (TRLT), has emerged as a potent anti-neoplastic drug; however, the mechanisms underlying its effects are not well understood. Here, we investigated the mechanism of action and the biological effects of GP-2250 using in vitro and in vivo models. METHODS We carried out a series of in vitro (MTT assay, Annexin V/PI assay, colony formation assay, reverse-phase protein array [RPPA], and HRLC/IC analysis) to determine the biological activity of GP-2250 and investigate the mechanism of action. In vivo experiments were carried out to determine the therapeutic efficacy of GP-2250 alone and in combination with standard-of-care drugs (e.g., paclitaxel, cisplatin, topotecan, and poly ADP-ribose polymerase [PARP] inhibitors). RESULTS We investigated the cytotoxic effect of GP-2250 in 10 ovarian cancer cell lines and found GP-2250 combined with a PARP inhibitor had the greatest synergy. RPPA revealed that GP-2250 inhibited hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, AKT, and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activation and expression. High-resolution mass spectrometry revealed that hexokinase2 activity and protein expression were significantly reduced by GP-2250 exposure. Furthermore, GP-2250 reduced glycolysis and ATP synthesis in cancer cells. An in vivo pharmacodynamic experiment using the OVCAR8 mouse model demonstrated that 500 mg/kg GP-2250 was effective in downregulating AKT and mTOR activation and expression. In the in vivo therapy experiment using an orthotopic mouse model, a combination of GP-2250 with either PARP inhibitors or bevacizumab showed a significant reduction of tumor weights and nodules compared to those treated with a vehicle, control IgG groups, or monotherapy groups. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our data indicate that GP-2250 exerts profound effects on tumor metabolism and, in combination with PARP inhibitors or bevacizumab, showed promising anti-tumor efficacy. These findings could have implications for the clinical development of GP-2250.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S. Kim
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive MedicineThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Deanna Glassman
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive MedicineThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Katelyn F. Handley
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive MedicineThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA
- Department of Gynecologic OncologyH. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research InstituteTampaFloridaUSA
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Morsani College of MedicineUniversity of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Adrian Lankenau Ahumada
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive MedicineThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Nicholas B. Jennings
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive MedicineThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Emine Bayraktar
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive MedicineThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Katherine Foster
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive MedicineThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Robiya Joseph
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive MedicineThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Sanghoon Lee
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive MedicineThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA
| | | | - Anil K. Sood
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive MedicineThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA
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10
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Tadic S, Martínez A. Nucleic acid cancer vaccines targeting tumor related angiogenesis. Could mRNA vaccines constitute a game changer? Front Immunol 2024; 15:1433185. [PMID: 39081320 PMCID: PMC11286457 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1433185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor related angiogenesis is an attractive target in cancer therapeutic research due to its crucial role in tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. Different agents were developed aiming to inhibit this process; however they had limited success. Cancer vaccines could be a promising tool in anti-cancer/anti-angiogenic therapy. Cancer vaccines aim to initiate an immune response against cancer cells upon presentation of tumor antigens which hopefully will result in the eradication of disease and prevention of its recurrence by inducing an efficient and long-lasting immune response. Different vaccine constructs have been developed to achieve this and they could include either protein-based or nucleic acid-based vaccines. Nucleic acid vaccines are simple and relatively easy to produce, with high efficiency and safety, thus prompting a high interest in the field. Different DNA vaccines have been developed to target crucial regulators of tumor angiogenesis. Most of them were successful in pre-clinical studies, mostly when used in combination with other therapeutics, but had limited success in the clinic. Apparently, different tumor evasion mechanisms and reduced immunogenicity still limit the potential of these vaccines and there is plenty of room for improvement. Nowadays, mRNA cancer vaccines are making remarkable progress due to improvements in the manufacturing technology and represent a powerful potential alternative. Apart from their efficiency, mRNA vaccines are simple and cheap to produce, can encompass multiple targets simultaneously, and can be quickly transferred from bench to bedside. mRNA vaccines have already accomplished amazing results in cancer clinical trials, thus ensuring a bright future in the field, although no anti-angiogenic mRNA vaccines have been described yet. This review aims to describe recent advances in anti-angiogenic DNA vaccine therapy and to provide perspectives for use of revolutionary approaches such are mRNA vaccines for anti-angiogenic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alfredo Martínez
- Angiogenesis Unit, Oncology Area, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, Spain
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11
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Hiller-Vallina S, Mondejar-Ruescas L, Caamaño-Moreno M, Cómitre-Mariano B, Alcivar-López D, Sepulveda JM, Hernández-Laín A, Pérez-Núñez Á, Segura-Collar B, Gargini R. Sexual-biased necroinflammation is revealed as a predictor of bevacizumab benefit in glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol 2024; 26:1213-1227. [PMID: 38411438 PMCID: PMC11226871 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noae033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly malignant brain tumor that affects men more often than women. In addition, the former shows a poorer survival prognosis. To date, the reason for this sex-specific aggressiveness remains unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate tumor processes that explain these sex differences. METHODS This was a retrospective study of GBM patients which was stratified according to sex. A cohort with 73 tumors was analyzed with immunohistochemistry, RNA-seq and RT-qPCR to characterize differences in vascular and immunological profiles. Transcriptomic profiling, gene set enrichment analysis, and pathway enrichment analysis were used for discovering molecular pathways predominant in each group. We further investigated the therapeutic effect of bevacizumab (vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) blocking antibody) in a retrospective GBM cohort (36 tumors) based on sex differences. RESULTS We found that under hypoxic tumor conditions, 2 distinct tumor immuno-angiogenic ecosystems develop linked to sex differences and ESR1 expression is generated. One of these subgroups, which includes male patients with low ESR1 expression, is characterized by vascular fragility associated with the appearance of regions of necrosis and high inflammation (called necroinflamed tumors). This male-specific tumor subtype shows high inflammation related to myeloid-derived suppressor cells infiltration. Using this stratification, we identified a possible group of patients who could respond to bevacizumab (BVZ) and revealed a genetic signature that may find clinical applications as a predictor of those who may benefit most from this treatment. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a stratification based on the sexual differences in GBM, which associates the poor prognosis with the presence of immunosuppressive myeloid cells in the necrotic areas. This new stratification could change the current prognosis of GBM and identifies those who respond to BVZ treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Hiller-Vallina
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédicas I+12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Pathology and Neurooncology Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucia Mondejar-Ruescas
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédicas I+12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Pathology and Neurooncology Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Caamaño-Moreno
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédicas I+12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Pathology and Neurooncology Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Cómitre-Mariano
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédicas I+12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Pathology and Neurooncology Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Denisse Alcivar-López
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédicas I+12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Pathology and Neurooncology Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan M Sepulveda
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédicas I+12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aurelio Hernández-Laín
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédicas I+12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Pathology and Neurooncology Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Pérez-Núñez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédicas I+12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Neurosurgery, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Berta Segura-Collar
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédicas I+12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Pathology and Neurooncology Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Gargini
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédicas I+12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Pathology and Neurooncology Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
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12
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Bhattacharya R, Brown JS, Gatenby RA, Ibrahim-Hashim A. A gene for all seasons: The evolutionary consequences of HIF-1 in carcinogenesis, tumor growth and metastasis. Semin Cancer Biol 2024; 102-103:17-24. [PMID: 38969311 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2024.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Oxygen played a pivotal role in the evolution of multicellularity during the Cambrian Explosion. Not surprisingly, responses to fluctuating oxygen concentrations are integral to the evolution of cancer-a disease characterized by the breakdown of multicellularity. Poorly organized tumor vasculature results in chaotic patterns of blood flow characterized by large spatial and temporal variations in intra-tumoral oxygen concentrations. Hypoxia-inducible growth factor (HIF-1) plays a pivotal role in enabling cells to adapt, metabolize, and proliferate in low oxygen conditions. HIF-1 is often constitutively activated in cancers, underscoring its importance in cancer progression. Here, we argue that the phenotypic changes mediated by HIF-1, in addition to adapting the cancer cells to their local environment, also "pre-adapt" them for proliferation at distant, metastatic sites. HIF-1-mediated adaptations include a metabolic shift towards anaerobic respiration or glycolysis, activation of cell survival mechanisms like phenotypic plasticity and epigenetic reprogramming, and formation of tumor vasculature through angiogenesis. Hypoxia induced epigenetic reprogramming can trigger epithelial to mesenchymal transition in cancer cells-the first step in the metastatic cascade. Highly glycolytic cells facilitate local invasion by acidifying the tumor microenvironment. New blood vessels, formed due to angiogenesis, provide cancer cells a conduit to the circulatory system. Moreover, survival mechanisms acquired by cancer cells in the primary site allow them to remodel tissue at the metastatic site generating tumor promoting microenvironment. Thus, hypoxia in the primary tumor promoted adaptations conducive to all stages of the metastatic cascade from the initial escape entry into a blood vessel, intravascular survival, extravasation into distant tissues, and establishment of secondary tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjini Bhattacharya
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of South Florida, United States; Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, United States
| | - Joel S Brown
- Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, United States; Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Illinois, at Chicago, United States
| | - Robert A Gatenby
- Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, United States; Department of Radiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, United States.
| | - Arig Ibrahim-Hashim
- Department of Metabolism and Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, United States.
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13
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Burtscher J, Millet GP, Fresa M, Lanzi S, Mazzolai L, Pellegrin M. The link between impaired oxygen supply and cognitive decline in peripheral artery disease. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 85:63-73. [PMID: 38061613 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Although peripheral artery disease (PAD) primarily affects large arteries outside the brain, PAD is also associated with elevated cerebral vulnerabilities, including greater risks for brain injury (such as stroke), cognitive decline and dementia. In the present review, we aim to evaluate recent literature and extract information on potential mechanisms linking PAD and consequences on the brain. Furthermore, we suggest novel therapeutic avenues to mitigate cognitive decline and reduce risk of brain injury in patients with PAD. Various interventions, notably exercise, directly or indirectly improve systemic blood flow and oxygen supply and are effective strategies in patients with PAD or cognitive decline. Moreover, triggering protective cellular and systemic mechanisms by modulating inspired oxygen concentrations are emerging as potential novel treatment strategies. While several genetic and pharmacological approaches to modulate adaptations to hypoxia showed promising results in preclinical models of PAD, no clear benefits have yet been clinically demonstrated. We argue that genetic/pharmacological regulation of the involved adaptive systems remains challenging but that therapeutic variation of inspired oxygen levels (e.g., hypoxia conditioning) are promising future interventions to mitigate associated cognitive decline in patients with PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Burtscher
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Grégoire P Millet
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marco Fresa
- Angiology Department, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Lanzi
- Angiology Department, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lucia Mazzolai
- Angiology Department, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maxime Pellegrin
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Angiology Department, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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14
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Manukjan N, Chau S, Caiment F, van Herwijnen M, Smeets HJ, Fulton D, Ahmed Z, Blankesteijn WM, Foulquier S. Wnt7a Decreases Brain Endothelial Barrier Function Via β-Catenin Activation. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:4854-4867. [PMID: 38147228 PMCID: PMC11236883 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03872-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier consists of tightly connected endothelial cells protecting the brain's microenvironment from the periphery. These endothelial cells are characterized by specific tight junction proteins such as Claudin-5 and Occludin, forming the endothelial barrier. Disrupting these cells might lead to blood-brain barrier dysfunction. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway can regulate the expression of these tight junction proteins and subsequent barrier permeability. The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro effects of Wnt7a mediated β-catenin signaling on endothelial barrier integrity. Mouse brain endothelial cells, bEnd.3, were treated with recombinant Wnt7a protein or XAV939, a selective inhibitor of Wnt/β-catenin mediated transcription to modulate the Wnt signaling pathway. The involvement of Wnt/HIF1α signaling was investigated by inhibiting Hif1α signaling with Hif1α siRNA. Wnt7a stimulation led to activation and nuclear translocation of β-catenin, which was inhibited by XAV939. Wnt7a stimulation decreased Claudin-5 expression mediated by β-catenin and decreased endothelial barrier formation. Wnt7a increased Hif1α and Vegfa expression mediated by β-catenin. However, Hif1α signaling pathway did not regulate tight junction proteins Claudin-5 and Occludin. Our data suggest that Wnt7a stimulation leads to a decrease in tight junction proteins mediated by the nuclear translocation of β-catenin, which hampers proper endothelial barrier formation. This process might be crucial in initiating endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis. Although HIF1α did not modulate the expression of tight junction proteins, it might play a role in brain angiogenesis and underlie pathogenic mechanisms in Wnt/HIF1α signaling in diseases such as cerebral small vessel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narek Manukjan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University, 50 Universiteitssingel, P.O. Box 616, Maastricht, 6200 MD, The Netherlands
- CARIM-School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, Maastricht, 6200 MD, The Netherlands
- Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
| | - Steven Chau
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University, 50 Universiteitssingel, P.O. Box 616, Maastricht, 6200 MD, The Netherlands
| | - Florian Caiment
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, Maastricht, 6200 MD, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel van Herwijnen
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, Maastricht, 6200 MD, The Netherlands
| | - Hubert J Smeets
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, Maastricht, 6200 MD, The Netherlands
- MHeNs-School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, Maastricht, 6200 MD, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Fulton
- Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
| | - Zubair Ahmed
- Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK.
- Centre for Trauma Sciences Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - W Matthijs Blankesteijn
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University, 50 Universiteitssingel, P.O. Box 616, Maastricht, 6200 MD, The Netherlands.
- CARIM-School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, Maastricht, 6200 MD, The Netherlands.
| | - Sébastien Foulquier
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University, 50 Universiteitssingel, P.O. Box 616, Maastricht, 6200 MD, The Netherlands.
- CARIM-School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, Maastricht, 6200 MD, The Netherlands.
- MHeNs-School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, Maastricht, 6200 MD, The Netherlands.
- Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, P.O. Box 5800, Maastricht, 6202 AZ, The Netherlands.
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15
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Berkholz J, Karle W. Unravelling the molecular interplay: SUMOylation, PML nuclear bodies and vascular cell activity in health and disease. Cell Signal 2024; 119:111156. [PMID: 38574938 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
In the seemingly well-researched field of vascular research, there are still many underestimated factors and molecular mechanisms. In recent years, SUMOylation has become increasingly important. SUMOylation is a post-translational modification in which small ubiquitin-related modifiers (SUMO) are covalently attached to target proteins. Sites where these SUMO modification processes take place in the cell nucleus are PML nuclear bodies (PML-NBs) - multiprotein complexes with their essential main component and organizer, the PML protein. PML and SUMO, either alone or as partners, influence a variety of cellular processes, including regulation of transcription, senescence, DNA damage response and defence against microorganisms, and are involved in innate immunity and inflammatory responses. They also play an important role in maintaining homeostasis in the vascular system and in pathological processes leading to the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases. This review summarizes information about the function of SUMO(ylation) and PML(-NBs) in the human vasculature from angiogenesis to disease and highlights their clinical potential as drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Berkholz
- Institute of Physiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Germany.
| | - Weronika Karle
- Institute of Physiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
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16
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Mohammed KAK, Madeddu P, Avolio E. MEK inhibitors: a promising targeted therapy for cardiovascular disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1404253. [PMID: 39011492 PMCID: PMC11247000 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1404253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) represents the leading cause of mortality and disability all over the world. Identifying new targeted therapeutic approaches has become a priority of biomedical research to improve patient outcomes and quality of life. The RAS-RAF-MEK (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase)-ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) pathway is gaining growing interest as a potential signaling cascade implicated in the pathogenesis of CVD. This pathway is pivotal in regulating cellular processes like proliferation, growth, migration, differentiation, and survival, which are vital in maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis. In addition, ERK signaling is involved in controlling angiogenesis, vascular tone, myocardial contractility, and oxidative stress. Dysregulation of this signaling cascade has been linked to cell dysfunction and vascular and cardiac pathological remodeling, which contribute to the onset and progression of CVD. Recent and ongoing research has provided insights into potential therapeutic interventions targeting the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK pathway to improve cardiovascular pathologies. Preclinical studies have demonstrated the efficacy of targeted therapy with MEK inhibitors (MEKI) in attenuating ERK activation and mitigating CVD progression in animal models. In this article, we first describe how ERK signaling contributes to preserving cardiovascular health. We then summarize current knowledge of the roles played by ERK in the development and progression of cardiac and vascular disorders, including atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure, and aortic aneurysm. We finally report novel therapeutic strategies for these CVDs encompassing MEKI and discuss advantages, challenges, and future developments for MEKI therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled A K Mohammed
- Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Paolo Madeddu
- Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Elisa Avolio
- Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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17
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Amin N, Abbasi IN, Wu F, Shi Z, Sundus J, Badry A, Yuan X, Zhao BX, Pan J, Mi XD, Luo Y, Geng Y, Fang M. The Janus face of HIF-1α in ischemic stroke and the possible associated pathways. Neurochem Int 2024; 177:105747. [PMID: 38657682 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Stroke is the most devastating disease, causing paralysis and eventually death. Many clinical and experimental trials have been done in search of a new safe and efficient medicine; nevertheless, scientists have yet to discover successful remedies that are also free of adverse effects. This is owing to the variability in intensity, localization, medication routes, and each patient's immune system reaction. HIF-1α represents the modern tool employed to treat stroke diseases due to its functions: downstream genes such as glucose metabolism, angiogenesis, erythropoiesis, and cell survival. Its role can be achieved via two downstream EPO and VEGF strongly related to apoptosis and antioxidant processes. Recently, scientists paid more attention to drugs dealing with the HIF-1 pathway. This review focuses on medicines used for ischemia treatment and their potential HIF-1α pathways. Furthermore, we discussed the interaction between HIF-1α and other biological pathways such as oxidative stress; however, a spotlight has been focused on certain potential signalling contributed to the HIF-1α pathway. HIF-1α is an essential regulator of oxygen balance within cells which affects and controls the expression of thousands of genes related to sustaining homeostasis as oxygen levels fluctuate. HIF-1α's role in ischemic stroke strongly depends on the duration and severity of brain damage after onset. HIF-1α remains difficult to investigate, particularly in ischemic stroke, due to alterations in the acute and chronic phases of the disease, as well as discrepancies between the penumbra and ischemic core. This review emphasizes these contrasts and analyzes the future of this intriguing and demanding field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nashwa Amin
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Egypt; Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Irum Naz Abbasi
- Institute of Systemic Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fei Wu
- Institute of Systemic Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zongjie Shi
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Javaria Sundus
- Institute of Systemic Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Azhar Badry
- Institute of Systemic Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xia Yuan
- Institute of Systemic Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bing-Xin Zhao
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Jie Pan
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Xiao-Dan Mi
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Rehabilitation & Sports Medicine Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuhuan Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Geng
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Marong Fang
- Institute of Systemic Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China.
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18
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Raslan AA, Pham TX, Lee J, Kontodimas K, Tilston-Lunel A, Schmottlach J, Hong J, Dinc T, Bujor AM, Caporarello N, Thiriot A, von Andrian UH, Huang SK, Nicosia RF, Trojanowska M, Varelas X, Ligresti G. Lung injury-induced activated endothelial cell states persist in aging-associated progressive fibrosis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5449. [PMID: 38937456 PMCID: PMC11211333 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49545-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Progressive lung fibrosis is associated with poorly understood aging-related endothelial cell dysfunction. To gain insight into endothelial cell alterations in lung fibrosis we performed single cell RNA-sequencing of bleomycin-injured lungs from young and aged mice. Analysis reveals activated cell states enriched for hypoxia, glycolysis and YAP/TAZ activity in ACKR1+ venous and TrkB+ capillary endothelial cells. Endothelial cell activation is prevalent in lungs of aged mice and can also be detected in human fibrotic lungs. Longitudinal single cell RNA-sequencing combined with lineage tracing demonstrate that endothelial activation resolves in young mouse lungs but persists in aged ones, indicating a failure of the aged vasculature to return to quiescence. Genes associated with activated lung endothelial cells states in vivo can be induced in vitro by activating YAP/TAZ. YAP/TAZ also cooperate with BDNF, a TrkB ligand that is reduced in fibrotic lungs, to promote capillary morphogenesis. These findings offer insights into aging-related lung endothelial cell dysfunction that may contribute to defective lung injury repair and persistent fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Raslan
- Arthritis and Autoimmune Diseases Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Tho X Pham
- Arthritis and Autoimmune Diseases Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jisu Lee
- Arthritis and Autoimmune Diseases Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Konstantinos Kontodimas
- Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew Tilston-Lunel
- Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jillian Schmottlach
- Arthritis and Autoimmune Diseases Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeongmin Hong
- Arthritis and Autoimmune Diseases Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Taha Dinc
- Arthritis and Autoimmune Diseases Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andreea M Bujor
- Arthritis and Autoimmune Diseases Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Aude Thiriot
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ulrich H von Andrian
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Steven K Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Roberto F Nicosia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Maria Trojanowska
- Arthritis and Autoimmune Diseases Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xaralabos Varelas
- Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Giovanni Ligresti
- Arthritis and Autoimmune Diseases Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
- Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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19
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Scaramuzzo RT, Crucitta S, del Re M, Cammalleri M, Bagnoli P, Dal Monte M, Pini A, Filippi L. β3-adREnoceptor Analysis in CORD Blood of Neonates (β3 RECORD): Study Protocol of a Pilot Clinical Investigation. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:776. [PMID: 38929758 PMCID: PMC11204445 DOI: 10.3390/life14060776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective: The embryo and the fetus develop in a physiologically hypoxic environment, where vascularization is sustained by HIF-1, VEGF, and the β-adrenergic system. In animals, β3-adrenoceptors (β3-ARs), up-regulated by hypoxia, favor global fetal wellness to such an extent that most diseases related to prematurity are hypothesized to be induced or aggravated by a precocious β3-AR down-regulation, due to premature exposure to a relatively hyperoxic environment. In animals, β3-AR pharmacological agonism is currently investigated as a possible new therapeutic opportunity to counteract oxygen-induced damages. Our goal is to translate the knowledge acquired in animals to humans. Recently, we have demonstrated that fetuses become progressively more hypoxemic from mid-gestation to near-term, but starting from the 33rd-34th week, oxygenation progressively increases until birth. The present paper aims to describe a clinical research protocol, evaluating whether the expression level of HIF-1, β3-ARs, and VEGF is modulated by oxygen during intrauterine and postnatal life, in a similar way to animals. Materials and Methods: In a prospective, non-profit, single-center observational study we will enroll 100 preterm (group A) and 100 full-term newborns (group B). We will collect cord blood samples (T0) and measure the RNA expression level of HIF-1, β3-ARs, and VEGF by digital PCR. In preterms, we will also measure gene expression at 48-72h (T1), 14 days (T2), and 30 days (T3) of life and at 40 ± 3 weeks of post-menstrual age (T4), regardless of the day of life. We will compare group A (T0) vs. group B (T0) and identify any correlations between the values obtained from serial samples in group A and the clinical data of the patients. Our protocol has been approved by the Pediatric Ethical Committee for Clinical Research of the Tuscany region (number 291/2022). Expected Results: The observation that in infants, the HIF-1/β3-ARs/VEGF axis shows similar modulation to that of animals could suggest that β3-ARs also promote fetal well-being in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefania Crucitta
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (S.C.); (M.d.R.)
| | - Marzia del Re
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (S.C.); (M.d.R.)
| | - Maurizio Cammalleri
- Unit of General Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.C.); (P.B.); (M.D.M.)
| | - Paola Bagnoli
- Unit of General Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.C.); (P.B.); (M.D.M.)
| | - Massimo Dal Monte
- Unit of General Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.C.); (P.B.); (M.D.M.)
| | - Alessandro Pini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy;
| | - Luca Filippi
- Neonatology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Neonatology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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20
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Falero-Diaz G, Barboza CDA, Vazquez-Padron RI, Velazquez OC, Lassance-Soares RM. Loss of c-Kit in Endothelial Cells Protects against Hindlimb Ischemia. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1358. [PMID: 38927565 PMCID: PMC11201387 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is the end stage of peripheral artery disease (PAD), and around 30% of CLI patients are ineligible for current treatments. The angiogenic benefits of c-Kit have been reported in the ischemia scenario; however, the present study demonstrates the effects of specific endothelial c-Kit signaling in arteriogenesis during hindlimb ischemia. METHODS We created conditional knockout mouse models that decrease c-Kit (c-Kit VE-Cadherin CreERT2-c-Kit) or its ligand (SCF VE-Cadherin CreERT2-SCF) specifically in endothelial cells (ECs) after tamoxifen treatment. These mice and a control group (wild-type VE-Cadherin CreERT2-WT) were subjected to hindlimb ischemia or aortic crush to evaluate perfusion/arteriogenesis and endothelial barrier permeability, respectively. RESULTS Our data confirmed the lower gene expression of c-Kit and SCF in the ECs of c-Kit and SCF mice, respectively. In addition, we confirmed the lower percentage of ECs positive for c-Kit in c-Kit mice. Further, we found that c-Kit and SCF mice had better limb perfusion and arteriogenesis compared to WT mice. We also demonstrated that c-Kit and SCF mice had a preserved endothelial barrier after aortic crush compared to WT. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate the deleterious effects of endothelial SCF/c-Kit signaling on arteriogenesis and endothelial barrier integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Falero-Diaz
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1600 NW 10th Ave, RMSB, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (G.F.-D.); (R.I.V.-P.); (O.C.V.)
| | - Catarina de A. Barboza
- Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1580 NW 10th Ave, Batchelor Building, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
| | - Roberto I. Vazquez-Padron
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1600 NW 10th Ave, RMSB, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (G.F.-D.); (R.I.V.-P.); (O.C.V.)
| | - Omaida C. Velazquez
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1600 NW 10th Ave, RMSB, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (G.F.-D.); (R.I.V.-P.); (O.C.V.)
| | - Roberta M. Lassance-Soares
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1600 NW 10th Ave, RMSB, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (G.F.-D.); (R.I.V.-P.); (O.C.V.)
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21
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Costin IC, Marcu LG. Affinity of PET-MRI Tracers for Hypoxic Cells in Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review. Cells 2024; 13:1048. [PMID: 38920676 PMCID: PMC11202228 DOI: 10.3390/cells13121048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumour hypoxia is a known microenvironmental culprit for treatment resistance, tumour recurrence and promotion of metastatic spread. Despite the long-known existence of this factor within the tumour milieu, hypoxia is still one of the greatest challenges in cancer management. The transition from invasive and less reliable detection methods to more accurate and non-invasive ways to identify and quantify hypoxia was a long process that eventually led to the promising results showed by functional imaging techniques. Hybrid imaging, such as PET-CT, has the great advantage of combining the structural or anatomical image (offered by CT) with the functional or metabolic one (offered by PET). However, in the context of hypoxia, it is only the PET image taken after appropriate radiotracer administration that would supply hypoxia-specific information. To overcome this limitation, the development of the latest hybrid imaging systems, such as PET-MRI, enables a synergistic approach towards hypoxia imaging, with both methods having the potential to provide functional information on the tumour microenvironment. This study is designed as a systematic review of the literature on the newest developments of PET-MRI for the imaging of hypoxic cells in breast cancer. The analysis includes the affinity of various PET-MRI tracers for hypoxia in this patient group as well as the correlations between PET-specific and MRI-specific parameters, to offer a broader view on the potential for the widespread clinical implementation of this hybrid imaging technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana-Claudia Costin
- Faculty of Physics, West University of Timisoara, 300223 Timisoara, Romania;
- Bihor County Emergency Clinical Hospital, 410167 Oradea, Romania
| | - Loredana G. Marcu
- Faculty of Informatics & Science, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania
- UniSA Allied Health & Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
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22
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Srkalovic G, Nijim S, Srkalovic MB, Fajgenbaum D. Increase in Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Expression and the Pathogenesis of iMCD-TAFRO. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1328. [PMID: 38927535 PMCID: PMC11201201 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
TAFRO (thrombocytopenia (T), anasarca (A), fever (F), reticulin fibrosis (F/R), renal failure (R), and organomegaly (O)) is a heterogeneous clinical subtype of idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease (iMCD) associated with a significantly poorer prognosis than other subtypes of iMCD. TAFRO symptomatology can also be seen in pathological contexts outside of iMCD, but it is unclear if those cases should be considered representative of a different disease entity or simply a severe presentation of other infectious, malignant, and rheumatological diseases. While interleukin-6 (IL-6) is an established driver of iMCD-TAFRO pathogenesis in a subset of patients, the etiology is unknown. Recent case reports and literature reviews on TAFRO patients suggest that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and the interplay of VEGF and IL-6 in concert, rather than IL-6 as a single cytokine, may be drivers for iMCD-TAFRO pathophysiology, especially renal injury. In this review, we discuss the possible role of VEGF in the pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of iMCD-TAFRO. In particular, VEGF may be involved in iMCD-TAFRO pathology through its ability to activate RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways. Further elucidating a role for the VEGF-IL-6 axis and additional disease drivers may shed light on therapeutic options for the treatment of TAFRO patients who do not respond to, or otherwise relapse following, treatment with IL-6 targeting drugs. This review investigates the potential role of VEGF in the pathophysiology of iMCD-TAFRO and the potential for targeting related signaling pathways in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordan Srkalovic
- Herbert-Herman Cancer Center, University of Michigan Health-Sparrow, Lansing, MI 48912, USA
| | - Sally Nijim
- Center for Cytokine Storm Treatment & Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (S.N.); (D.F.)
| | | | - David Fajgenbaum
- Center for Cytokine Storm Treatment & Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (S.N.); (D.F.)
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23
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Laird M, Ku JC, Raiten J, Sriram S, Moore M, Li Y. Mitochondrial metabolism regulation and epigenetics in hypoxia. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1393232. [PMID: 38915781 PMCID: PMC11194441 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1393232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The complex and dynamic interaction between cellular energy control and gene expression modulation is shown by the intersection between mitochondrial metabolism and epigenetics in hypoxic environments. Poor oxygen delivery to tissues, or hypoxia, is a basic physiological stressor that sets off a series of reactions in cells to adapt and endure oxygen-starved environments. Often called the "powerhouse of the cell," mitochondria are essential to cellular metabolism, especially regarding producing energy through oxidative phosphorylation. The cellular response to hypoxia entails a change in mitochondrial metabolism to improve survival, including epigenetic modifications that control gene expression without altering the underlying genome. By altering the expression of genes involved in angiogenesis, cell survival, and metabolism, these epigenetic modifications help cells adapt to hypoxia. The sophisticated interplay between mitochondrial metabolism and epigenetics in hypoxia is highlighted by several important points, which have been summarized in the current article. Deciphering the relationship between mitochondrial metabolism and epigenetics during hypoxia is essential to understanding the molecular processes that regulate cellular adaptation to reduced oxygen concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison Laird
- Western Michigan University Homer Stryker School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Jennifer C. Ku
- Western Michigan University Homer Stryker School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Jacob Raiten
- Western Michigan University Homer Stryker School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Sashwat Sriram
- Western Michigan University Homer Stryker School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Megan Moore
- Western Michigan University Homer Stryker School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Biomedical Engineering, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
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24
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Wen ZH, Wu ZS, Cheng HJ, Huang SY, Tang SH, Teng WN, Su FW, Chen NF, Sung CS. Intrathecal Fumagillin Alleviates Chronic Neuropathy-Induced Nociceptive Sensitization and Modulates Spinal Astrocyte-Neuronal Glycolytic and Angiogenic Proteins. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04254-w. [PMID: 38837104 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04254-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Nociceptive sensitization is accompanied by the upregulation of glycolysis in the central nervous system in neuropathic pain. Growing evidence has demonstrated glycolysis and angiogenesis to be related to the inflammatory processes. This study investigated whether fumagillin inhibits neuropathic pain by regulating glycolysis and angiogenesis. Fumagillin was administered through an intrathecal catheter implanted in rats with chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve. Nociceptive, behavioral, and immunohistochemical analyses were performed to evaluate the effects of the inhibition of spinal glycolysis-related enzymes and angiogenic factors on CCI-induced neuropathic pain. Fumagillin reduced CCI-induced thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia from postoperative days (POD) 7 to 14. The expression of angiogenic factors, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietin 2 (ANG2), increased in the ipsilateral lumbar spinal cord dorsal horn (SCDH) following CCI. The glycolysis-related enzymes, pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) and lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) significantly increased in the ipsilateral lumbar SCDH following CCI on POD 7 and 14 compared to those in the control rats. Double immunofluorescence staining indicated that VEGF and PKM2 were predominantly expressed in the astrocytes, whereas ANG2 and LDHA were predominantly expressed in the neurons. Intrathecal infusion of fumagillin significantly reduced the expression of angiogenic factors and glycolytic enzymes upregulated by CCI. The expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), a crucial transcription factor that regulates angiogenesis and glycolysis, was also upregulated after CCI and inhibited by fumagillin. We concluded that intrathecal fumagillin may reduce the expression of ANG2 and LDHA in neurons and VEGF and PKM2 in the astrocytes of the SCDH, further attenuating spinal angiogenesis in neuropathy-induced nociceptive sensitization. Hence, fumagillin may play a role in the inhibition of peripheral neuropathy-induced neuropathic pain by modulating glycolysis and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hong Wen
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804201, Taiwan
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Zong-Sheng Wu
- Division of Pain Management, Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 112201, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Jung Cheng
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Ying Huang
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Shih-Hsuan Tang
- Division of Pain Management, Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 112201, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Nung Teng
- Division of Pain Management, Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 112201, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112304, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Wei Su
- Division of Pain Management, Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 112201, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112304, Taiwan
| | - Nan-Fu Chen
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80284, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804201, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Sung Sung
- Division of Pain Management, Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 112201, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112304, Taiwan.
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25
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Li C, Wang J, Xu JF, Pi J, Zheng B. Roles of HIF-1α signaling in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection: New targets for anti-TB therapeutics? Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 711:149920. [PMID: 38615574 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), a deadly infectious disease induced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), continues to be a global public health issue that kill millions of patents every year. Despite significant efforts have been paid to identify effective TB treatments, the emergence of drug-resistant strains of the disease and the presence of comorbidities in TB patients urges us to explore the detailed mechanisms involved in TB immunity and develop more effective innovative anti-TB strategies. HIF-1α, a protein involved in regulating cellular immune responses during TB infection, has been highlighted as a promising target for the development of novel strategies for TB treatment due to its critical roles in anti-TB host immunity. This review provides a summary of current research progress on the roles of HIF-1α in TB infection, highlighting its importance in regulating the host immune response upon Mtb infection and summarizing the influences and mechanisms of HIF-1α on anti-TB immunological responses of host cells. This review also discusses the various challenges associated with developing HIF-1α as a target for anti-TB therapies, including ensuring specificity and avoiding off-target effects on normal cell function, determining the regulation and expression of HIF-1α in TB patients, and developing drugs that can inhibit HIF-1α. More deep understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in HIF-1α signaling, its impact on TB host status, and systematic animal testing and clinical trials may benefit the optimization of HIF-1α as a novel therapeutic target for TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaowei Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiajun Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun-Fa Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jiang Pi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China.
| | - Biying Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China.
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26
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Slawski J, Jaśkiewicz M, Barton A, Kozioł S, Collawn JF, Bartoszewski R. Regulation of the HIF switch in human endothelial and cancer cells. Eur J Cell Biol 2024; 103:151386. [PMID: 38262137 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2024.151386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are transcription factors that reprogram the transcriptome for cells to survive hypoxic insults and oxidative stress. They are important during embryonic development and reprogram the cells to utilize glycolysis when the oxygen levels are extremely low. This metabolic change facilitates normal cell survival as well as cancer cell survival. The key feature in survival is the transition between acute hypoxia and chronic hypoxia, and this is regulated by the transition between HIF-1 expression and HIF-2/HIF-3 expression. This transition is observed in many human cancers and endothelial cells and referred to as the HIF Switch. Here we discuss the mechanisms involved in the HIF Switch in human endothelial and cancer cells which include mRNA and protein levels of the alpha chains of the HIFs. A major continuing effort in this field is directed towards determining the differences between normal and tumor cell utilization of this important pathway, and how this could lead to potential therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Slawski
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Jaśkiewicz
- International Research Agenda 3P, Medicine Laboratory, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Anna Barton
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Sylwia Kozioł
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - James F Collawn
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Rafał Bartoszewski
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland.
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27
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Zhang W, Kaser-Eichberger A, Fan W, Platzl C, Schrödl F, Heindl LM. The structure and function of the human choroid. Ann Anat 2024; 254:152239. [PMID: 38432349 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
In this manuscript, the structure of the human choroid is reviewed with emphasis of the macro- and microscopic anatomy including Bruch's membrane, choriocapillaris, Sattler's and Haller's layer, and the suprachoroid. We here discuss the development of the choroid, as well as the question of choroidal lymphatics, and further the neuronal control of this tissue, as well as the pathologic angiogenesis. Wherever possible, functional aspects of the various structures are included and reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weina Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexandra Kaser-Eichberger
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology -Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Wanlin Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christian Platzl
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology -Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Falk Schrödl
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology -Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Ludwig M Heindl
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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28
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Shi W, Dong J, Zhong B, Hu X, Zhao C. Predicting the Prognosis of Bladder Cancer Patients Through Integrated Multi-omics Exploration of Chemotherapy-Related Hypoxia Genes. Mol Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12033-024-01203-9. [PMID: 38806990 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-024-01203-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Bladder cancer is a prevalent malignancy with high mortality rates worldwide. Hypoxia is a critical factor in the development and progression of cancers. However, whether and how hypoxia-related genes (HRGs) could affect the development and the chemotherapy response of bladder cancer is still largely unexplored. This study comprehensively explored the complex molecular landscape associated with hypoxia in bladder cancer by analyzing 260 hypoxia genes based on transcriptomic and genomic data in 411 samples. Employing the 109 dysregulated hypoxia genes for consensus clustering, we delineated two distinct bladder cancer clusters characterized by disparate survival outcomes and distinct oncogenic roles. We defined a HPscore that was correlated with a variety of clinical features, including TNM stages and pathologic grades. Tumor immune landscape analysis identified three immune clusters and close interactions between hypoxia genes and the various immune cells. Utilizing a network-based method, we defined 129 HRGs exerting influence on apoptotic processes and critical signaling pathways in cancer. Further analysis of chemotherapy drug sensitivity identified potential drug-target HRGs. We developed a Risk Score model that was related to the overall survival of bladder cancer patients based on doxorubicin-target HRGs: ACTG2, MYC, PDGFRB, DHRS2, and KLRD1. This study not only enhanced our understanding of bladder cancer at the molecular level but also provided promising avenues for the development of targeted therapies, representing a significant step toward the identification of effective treatments and addressing the urgent need for advancements in bladder cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensheng Shi
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Department of Dermatology, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Furong Laboratory, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Jiaming Dong
- Department of Radiation, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Hebei, 061000, China
| | - Bowen Zhong
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Department of Dermatology, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Furong Laboratory, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Xiheng Hu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Department of Dermatology, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Furong Laboratory, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Chunguang Zhao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
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Lior C, Barki D, Halperin C, Iacobuzio-Donahue CA, Kelsen D, Shouval RS. Mapping the tumor stress network reveals dynamic shifts in the stromal oxidative stress response. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114236. [PMID: 38758650 PMCID: PMC11156623 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) presents cells with challenges such as variable pH, hypoxia, and free radicals, triggering stress responses that affect cancer progression. In this study, we examine the stress response landscape in four carcinomas-breast, pancreas, ovary, and prostate-across five pathways: heat shock, oxidative stress, hypoxia, DNA damage, and unfolded protein stress. Using a combination of experimental and computational methods, we create an atlas of stress responses across various types of carcinomas. We find that stress responses vary within the TME and are especially active near cancer cells. Focusing on the non-immune stroma we find, across tumor types, that NRF2 and the oxidative stress response are distinctly activated in immune-regulatory cancer-associated fibroblasts and in a unique subset of cancer-associated pericytes. Our study thus provides an interactome of stress responses in cancer, offering ways to intersect survival pathways within the tumor, and advance cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Lior
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Debra Barki
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Coral Halperin
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Christine A Iacobuzio-Donahue
- Rubenstein Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research and Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Kelsen
- Gastrointestinal Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ruth Scherz- Shouval
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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Naponelli V, Rocchetti MT, Mangieri D. Apigenin: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential against Cancer Spreading. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5569. [PMID: 38791608 PMCID: PMC11122459 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to its propensity to metastasize, cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Thanks in part to their intrinsic low cytotoxicity, the effects of the flavonoid family in the prevention and treatment of various human cancers, both in vitro and in vivo, have received increasing attention in recent years. It is well documented that Apigenin (4',5,7-trihydroxyflavone), among other flavonoids, is able to modulate key signaling molecules involved in the initiation of cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis, including JAK/STAT, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, MAPK/ERK, NF-κB, and Wnt/β-catenin pathways, as well as the oncogenic non-coding RNA network. Based on these premises, the aim of this review is to emphasize some of the key events through which Apigenin suppresses cancer proliferation, focusing specifically on its ability to target key molecular pathways involved in angiogenesis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), maintenance of cancer stem cells (CSCs), cell cycle arrest, and cancer cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Naponelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Plesso Biotecnologico Integrato, Via Volturno 39, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Rocchetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Pinto 1, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Domenica Mangieri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Pinto 1, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
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31
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Singrang N, Nopparat C, Panmanee J, Govitrapong P. Melatonin Inhibits Hypoxia-Induced Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis by Regulating the Amyloidogenic Pathway in Human Neuroblastoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5225. [PMID: 38791263 PMCID: PMC11121645 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Stroke and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are prevalent age-related diseases; however, the relationship between these two diseases remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the ability of melatonin, a hormone produced by the pineal gland, to alleviate the effects of ischemic stroke leading to AD by observing the pathogenesis of AD hallmarks. We utilized SH-SY5Y cells under the conditions of oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) and oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R) to establish ischemic stroke conditions. We detected that hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), an indicator of ischemic stroke, was highly upregulated at both the protein and mRNA levels under OGD conditions. Melatonin significantly downregulated both HIF-1α mRNA and protein expression under OGD/R conditions. We detected the upregulation of β-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) mRNA and protein expression under both OGD and OGD/R conditions, while 10 µM of melatonin attenuated these effects and inhibited beta amyloid (Aβ) production. Furthermore, we demonstrated that OGD/R conditions were able to activate the BACE1 promoter, while melatonin inhibited this effect. The present results indicate that melatonin has a significant impact on preventing the aberrant development of ischemic stroke, which can lead to the development of AD, providing new insight into the prevention of AD and potential stroke treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chutikorn Nopparat
- Innovative Learning Center, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
| | - Jiraporn Panmanee
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
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32
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Zhi S, Chen C, Huang H, Zhang Z, Zeng F, Zhang S. Hypoxia-inducible factor in breast cancer: role and target for breast cancer treatment. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1370800. [PMID: 38799423 PMCID: PMC11116789 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1370800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Globally, breast cancer stands as the most prevalent form of cancer among women. The tumor microenvironment of breast cancer often exhibits hypoxia. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha, a transcription factor, is found to be overexpressed and activated in breast cancer, playing a pivotal role in the anoxic microenvironment by mediating a series of reactions. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha is involved in regulating downstream pathways and target genes, which are crucial in hypoxic conditions, including glycolysis, angiogenesis, and metastasis. These processes significantly contribute to breast cancer progression by managing cancer-related activities linked to tumor invasion, metastasis, immune evasion, and drug resistance, resulting in poor prognosis for patients. Consequently, there is a significant interest in Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha as a potential target for cancer therapy. Presently, research on drugs targeting Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha is predominantly in the preclinical phase, highlighting the need for an in-depth understanding of HIF-1α and its regulatory pathway. It is anticipated that the future will see the introduction of effective HIF-1α inhibitors into clinical trials, offering new hope for breast cancer patients. Therefore, this review focuses on the structure and function of HIF-1α, its role in advancing breast cancer, and strategies to combat HIF-1α-dependent drug resistance, underlining its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Fancai Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Shujun Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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Son TH, Kim SH, Shin HL, Kim D, Kim HG, Choi Y, Choi SW. 3-Hydroxytanshinone Inhibits the Activity of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1-α by Interfering with the Function of α-Enolase in the Glycolytic Pathway. Molecules 2024; 29:2218. [PMID: 38792080 PMCID: PMC11123766 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells in hypoxic conditions control cancer metabolism and angiogenesis by expressing HIF-1α. Tanshinone is a traditional Chinese medicine that has been shown to possess antitumor properties and exerts a therapeutic impact on angiogenesis. However, the precise molecular mechanism responsible for the antitumor activity of 3-Hydroxytanshinone (3-HT), a type of tanshinone, has not been fully understood. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate the mechanism by which 3-HT regulates the expression of HIF-1α. Our findings demonstrate that 3-HT inhibits HIF-1α activity and expression under hypoxic conditions. Additionally, 3-HT inhibits hypoxia-induced angiogenesis by suppressing the expression of VEGF. Moreover, 3-HT was found to directly bind to α-enolase, an enzyme associated with glycolysis, resulting in the suppression of its activity. This inhibition of α-enolase activity by 3-HT leads to the blockade of the glycolytic pathway and a decrease in glycolysis products, ultimately altering HIF1-α expression. Furthermore, 3-HT negatively regulates the expression of HIF-1α by altering the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Our study's findings elucidate the mechanism by which 3-HT regulates HIF-1α through the inhibition of the glycolytic enzyme α-enolase and the phosphorylation of AMPK. These results suggest that 3-HT holds promise as a potential therapeutic agent for hypoxia-related angiogenesis and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Hyun Son
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea;
- Forest Biomaterials Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science (NIFoS), Jinju 52817, Republic of Korea; (S.-H.K.); (H.-L.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Shin-Hye Kim
- Forest Biomaterials Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science (NIFoS), Jinju 52817, Republic of Korea; (S.-H.K.); (H.-L.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Hye-Lim Shin
- Forest Biomaterials Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science (NIFoS), Jinju 52817, Republic of Korea; (S.-H.K.); (H.-L.S.); (D.K.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea;
| | - Dongsoo Kim
- Forest Biomaterials Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science (NIFoS), Jinju 52817, Republic of Korea; (S.-H.K.); (H.-L.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Hwan Gyu Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yongseok Choi
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sik-Won Choi
- Forest Biomaterials Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science (NIFoS), Jinju 52817, Republic of Korea; (S.-H.K.); (H.-L.S.); (D.K.)
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Zech TJ, Wolf A, Hector M, Bischoff-Kont I, Krishnathas GM, Kuntschar S, Schmid T, Bracher F, Langmann T, Fürst R. 2-Desaza-annomontine (C81) impedes angiogenesis through reduced VEGFR2 expression derived from inhibition of CDC2-like kinases. Angiogenesis 2024; 27:245-272. [PMID: 38403816 PMCID: PMC11021337 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-024-09906-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a crucial process in the progression of various pathologies, like solid tumors, wet age-related macular degeneration, and chronic inflammation. Current anti-angiogenic treatments still have major drawbacks like limited efficacy in diseases that also rely on inflammation. Therefore, new anti-angiogenic approaches are sorely needed, and simultaneous inhibition of angiogenesis and inflammation is desirable. Here, we show that 2-desaza-annomontine (C81), a derivative of the plant alkaloid annomontine previously shown to inhibit endothelial inflammation, impedes angiogenesis by inhibiting CDC2-like kinases (CLKs) and WNT/β-catenin signaling. C81 reduced choroidal neovascularization in a laser-induced murine in vivo model, inhibited sprouting from vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A)-activated murine aortic rings ex vivo, and reduced angiogenesis-related activities of endothelial cells in multiple functional assays. This was largely phenocopied by CLK inhibitors and knockdowns, but not by inhibitors of the other known targets of C81. Mechanistically, CLK inhibition reduced VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) mRNA and protein expression as well as downstream signaling. This was partly caused by a reduction of WNT/β-catenin pathway activity, as activating the pathway induced, while β-catenin knockdown impeded VEGFR2 expression. Surprisingly, alternative splicing of VEGFR2 was not detected. In summary, C81 and other CLK inhibitors could be promising compounds in the treatment of diseases that depend on angiogenesis and inflammation due to their impairment of both processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Zech
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - A Wolf
- Laboratory for Experimental Immunology of the Eye, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - M Hector
- Laboratory for Experimental Immunology of the Eye, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - I Bischoff-Kont
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - G M Krishnathas
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - S Kuntschar
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - T Schmid
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - F Bracher
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - T Langmann
- Laboratory for Experimental Immunology of the Eye, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - R Fürst
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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35
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Omura M, Kosaka T, Kobayashi H, Shigeta K, Matsumoto K, Hara S, Kikuchi E, Mikami S, Saya H, Sato Y, Oya M. Vasohibin-1 Expression Can Predict Pathological Complete Remission of Advanced Bladder Cancer with Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy. Ann Surg Oncol 2024; 31:2951-2958. [PMID: 38376711 PMCID: PMC10997694 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-024-15009-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is a well-established standard practice in invasive bladder cancer (BCa), however patient selection remains challenging. High expression of vasohibin-1 (VASH1), an endogenous regulator of angiogenesis, has been reported in high-grade and advanced BCa; however, its prognostic value for chemotherapy outcomes remains unexplored. In this study, we sought to identify biomarkers of chemotherapy response focusing on the relationship between angiogenesis and tissue hypoxia. METHODS Forty Japanese patients with BCa who underwent NAC and radical cystectomy were included in the present analysis. We compared the immunohistochemical expression of CD34, VASH1, and carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9) between patients who achieved tumor clearance at operation (ypT0) and those with residual disease after cystectomy. RESULTS There were 19 patients in the ypT0 group, while the remaining 21 patients had residual tumors at operation. Patients in the ypT0 group had high microvessel density (p = 0.031), high VASH1 density (p < 0.001), and stronger CA9 staining (p = 0.046) than their counterparts. Multivariate analysis identified microvessel and VASH1 density as independent predictive factors for pathological ypT0 disease (p = 0.043 and 0.002, respectively). The 5-year recurrence-free survival rate was higher in the high VASH1 density group than in the low VASH1 density group (66.3% vs. 33.3%, p = 0.036). CONCLUSION VASH1 density is a potential therapeutic biomarker for chemotherapy response in BCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minami Omura
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeo Kosaka
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Kobayashi
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Shigeta
- Department of Urology, Kawasaki Municipal Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Satoshi Hara
- Department of Urology, Kawasaki Municipal Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Eiji Kikuchi
- Department of Urology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shuji Mikami
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Saya
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Graduate School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Sato
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Mototsugu Oya
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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36
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Lee JS, Kim G, Lee JH, Ryu JY, Oh EJ, Kim HM, Kwak S, Hur K, Chung HY. MicroRNA-135b-5p Is a Pathologic Biomarker in the Endothelial Cells of Arteriovenous Malformations. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4888. [PMID: 38732107 PMCID: PMC11084653 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are congenital vascular anomalies with a poor prognosis. AVMs are considered intractable diseases, as there is no established approach for early diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, this study aimed to provide new evidence by analyzing microRNAs (miRNAs) associated with AVM. We present fundamental evidence for the early diagnosis and treatment of AVM by analyzing miRNAs in the endothelial cells of AVMs. This study performed sequencing and validation of miRNAs in endothelial cells from normal and AVM tissues. Five upregulated and two downregulated miRNAs were subsequently analyzed under hypoxia and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Under hypoxic conditions, miR-135b-5p was significantly upregulated in the AVM compared to that under normal conditions, corresponding to increased endothelial activity (p-value = 0.0238). VEGF treatment showed no significant increase in miR-135b-5p under normal conditions, however, a surge in AVM was observed. Under both hypoxia and VEGF treatment, comparison indicated a downregulation of miR-135b-5p in AVM. Therefore, miR-135b-5p was assumed to affect the pathophysiological process of AVM and might play a vital role as a potential biomarker of AVMs for application related to diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Seok Lee
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea; (J.S.L.); (J.H.L.); (J.Y.R.); (E.J.O.); (H.M.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Gyeonghwa Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41199, Republic of Korea;
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Ho Lee
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea; (J.S.L.); (J.H.L.); (J.Y.R.); (E.J.O.); (H.M.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Jeong Yeop Ryu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea; (J.S.L.); (J.H.L.); (J.Y.R.); (E.J.O.); (H.M.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Eun Jung Oh
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea; (J.S.L.); (J.H.L.); (J.Y.R.); (E.J.O.); (H.M.K.); (S.K.)
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Mi Kim
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea; (J.S.L.); (J.H.L.); (J.Y.R.); (E.J.O.); (H.M.K.); (S.K.)
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Suin Kwak
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea; (J.S.L.); (J.H.L.); (J.Y.R.); (E.J.O.); (H.M.K.); (S.K.)
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Hur
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41199, Republic of Korea;
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Yun Chung
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea; (J.S.L.); (J.H.L.); (J.Y.R.); (E.J.O.); (H.M.K.); (S.K.)
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
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Lanfranchi C, Willis SJ, Laramée L, Conde Alonso S, Pialoux V, Kayser B, Place N, Millet GP, Zanou N. Repeated sprint training in hypoxia induces specific skeletal muscle adaptations through S100A protein signaling. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23615. [PMID: 38651657 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202302084rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Athletes increasingly engage in repeated sprint training consisting in repeated short all-out efforts interspersed by short recoveries. When performed in hypoxia (RSH), it may lead to greater training effects than in normoxia (RSN); however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed at elucidating the effects of RSH on skeletal muscle metabolic adaptations as compared to RSN. Sixteen healthy young men performed nine repeated sprint training sessions in either normoxia (FIO2 = 0.209, RSN, n = 7) or normobaric hypoxia (FIO2 = 0.136, RSH, n = 9). Before and after the training period, exercise performance was assessed by using repeated sprint ability (RSA) and Wingate tests. Vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were performed to investigate muscle metabolic adaptations using proteomics combined with western blot analysis. Similar improvements were observed in RSA and Wingate tests in both RSN and RSH groups. At the muscle level, RSN and RSH reduced oxidative phosphorylation protein content but triggered an increase in mitochondrial biogenesis proteins. Proteomics showed an increase in several S100A family proteins in the RSH group, among which S100A13 most strongly. We confirmed a significant increase in S100A13 protein by western blot in RSH, which was associated with increased Akt phosphorylation and its downstream targets regulating protein synthesis. Altogether our data indicate that RSH may activate an S100A/Akt pathway to trigger specific adaptations as compared to RSN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Lanfranchi
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sarah J Willis
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Louis Laramée
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sonia Conde Alonso
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Pialoux
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology UR7424, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Bengt Kayser
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Place
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Grégoire P Millet
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nadège Zanou
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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38
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De Rudder M, Manco R, Coubeau L, Fontaine A, Bertrand C, Leclercq IA, Dili A. Vascular damage and excessive proliferation compromise liver function after extended hepatectomy in mice. Hepatology 2024:01515467-990000000-00858. [PMID: 38661628 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Surgical resection remains the gold standard for liver tumor treatment, yet the emergence of postoperative liver failure, known as the small-for-size syndrome (SFSS), poses a significant challenge. The activation of hypoxia sensors in an SFSS liver remnant initiated early angiogenesis, improving the vascular architecture, safeguarding against liver failure, and reducing mortality. The study aimed to elucidate vascular remodeling mechanisms in SFSS and their impact on hepatocyte function and subsequent liver failure. APPROACH AND RESULTS Mice underwent extended partial hepatectomy to induce SFSS, with a subset exposed to hypoxia immediately after surgery. Hypoxia bolstered posthepatectomy survival rates. The early proliferation of liver sinusoidal cells, coupled with recruitment of putative endothelial progenitor cells, increased vascular density, improved lobular perfusion, and limited hemorrhagic events in the regenerating liver under hypoxia. Administration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in hepatectomized mice mimicked the effects of hypoxia on vascular remodeling and endothelial progenitor cell recruitment but failed to rescue survival. Compared to normoxia, hypoxia favored hepatocyte function over proliferation, promoting functional preservation in the regenerating remnant. Injection of Adeno-associated virus serotype 8-thyroxine-binding globulin-hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha virus for hepatocyte-specific overexpression of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha, the master regulator of hepatocyte function, enforced functionality in proliferating hepatocytes but did not rescue survival. The combination of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha overexpression and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor treatment rescued survival after SFSS-setting hepatectomy. CONCLUSIONS In summary, SFSS arises from an imbalance and desynchronized interplay between functional regeneration and vascular restructuring. To improve survival following SFSS hepatectomy, it is essential to adopt a 2-pronged strategy aimed at preserving the function of proliferating parenchymal cells and simultaneously attenuating vascular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime De Rudder
- Laboratory of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rita Manco
- Laboratory of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laurent Coubeau
- Laboratory of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Surgery, University Clinics of St Luc, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alix Fontaine
- Laboratory of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Claude Bertrand
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital of UCLouvain-Namur, Site of Godinne, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Isabelle A Leclercq
- Laboratory of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alexandra Dili
- Laboratory of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital of UCLouvain-Namur, Site of Godinne, Yvoir, Belgium
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Farkasinszky G, Péliné JS, Károlyi P, Rácz S, Dénes N, Papp T, Király J, Szabo Z, Kertész I, Mező G, Halmos G, Képes Z, Trencsényi G. In Vivo Imaging of Acute Hindlimb Ischaemia in Rat Model: A Pre-Clinical PET Study. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:542. [PMID: 38675203 PMCID: PMC11054801 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16040542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To better understand ischaemia-related molecular alterations, temporal changes in angiogenic Aminopeptidase N (APN/CD13) expression and glucose metabolism were assessed with PET using a rat model of peripheral arterial disease (PAD). METHODS The mechanical occlusion of the base of the left hindlimb triggered using a tourniquet was applied to establish the ischaemia/reperfusion injury model in Fischer-344 rats. 2-[18F]FDG and [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-c(NGR) PET imaging performed 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 days post-ischaemia induction was followed by Western blotting and immunohistochemical staining for APN/CD13 in ischaemic and control muscle tissue extracts. RESULTS Due to a cellular adaptation to hypoxia, a gradual increase in [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-c(NGR) and 2-[18F]FDG uptake was observed from post-intervention day 1 to 7 in the ischaemic hindlimbs, which was followed by a drop on day 10. Conforming pronounced angiogenic recovery, the NGR accretion of the ischaemic extremities differed significantly from the controls 5, 7, and 10 days after ischaemia induction (p ≤ 0.05), which correlated with the Western blot and immunohistochemical results. No remarkable radioactivity was depicted between the normally perfused hindlimbs of either the ischaemic or the control groups. CONCLUSIONS The PET-based longitudinal assessment of angiogenesis-associated APN/CD13 expression and glucose metabolism during ischaemia may continue to broaden our knowledge on the pathophysiology of PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergely Farkasinszky
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary (G.T.)
- Gyula Petrányi Doctoral School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Judit Szabó Péliné
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary (G.T.)
| | - Péter Károlyi
- Doctoral School of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Division of Radiology and Imaging Science, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Rácz
- Division of Radiology, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Noémi Dénes
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary (G.T.)
| | - Tamás Papp
- Doctoral School of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Division of Radiology and Imaging Science, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - József Király
- Department of Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Szabo
- Department of Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - István Kertész
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary (G.T.)
| | - Gábor Mező
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1053 Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-ELTE, Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Eötvös L. University, H-1053 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gabor Halmos
- Department of Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zita Képes
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary (G.T.)
- Gyula Petrányi Doctoral School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - György Trencsényi
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary (G.T.)
- Gyula Petrányi Doctoral School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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Lee H, Molomjamts M, Roehrich H, Gudvangen S, Asuncion C, Georgieff MK, Tran P, McLoon LK, Ingolfsland EC. Differences in Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy Susceptibility Between Two Sprague Dawley Rat Vendors: A Comparison of Retinal Transcriptomes. Curr Eye Res 2024; 49:425-436. [PMID: 38152854 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2023.2297346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the retinal transcriptomic differences underlying the oxygen-induced retinopathy phenotypes between Sprague Dawley rat pups from two commonly used commercial vendors. This will allow us to discover genes and pathways that may be related to differences in disease severity in similarly aged premature babies and suggest possible new treatment approaches. METHODS We analyzed retinal vascular morphometry and transcriptomes from Sprague Dawley rat pups from Charles River Laboratories and Envigo (previously Harlan). Room air control and oxygen-induced retinopathy groups were compared. Oxygen-induced retinopathy was induced with the rat 50/10 model. RESULTS Pups from Charles River Laboratories developed a more severe oxygen-induced retinopathy phenotype, with 3.6-fold larger percent avascular area at P15 and twofold larger % neovascular area at P20 than pups from Envigo. Changes in retinal transcriptomes of rat pups from both vendors were substantial at baseline and in response to oxygen-induced retinopathy. Baseline differences centered on activated pathways of neuronal development in Charles River Laboratories pups. In response to oxygen-induced retinopathy, during the neovascular phase, retinas from Charles River Laboratories pups exhibited activation of pathways regulating necrosis, neuroinflammation, and interferon signaling, supporting the observed increase of neovascularization. Conversely, retinas from Envigo pups showed decreased necrosis and increased focal adhesion kinase signaling, supporting more normal vascular development. Comparing oxygen-induced retinopathy transcriptomes at P15 to those at P20, canonical pathways such as phosphate and tensin homolog, interferon, and coordinated lysosomal expression and regulation element signaling were identified, highlighting potential novel mechanistic targets for future research. CONCLUSION Transcriptomic profiles differ substantially between rat pup retinas from Charles River Laboratories and Envigo at baseline and in response to oxygen-induced retinopathy, providing insight into vascular morphologic differences. Comparing transcriptomes identified new pathways for further research in oxygen-induced retinopathy pathogenesis and increased scientific rigor of this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haeyeon Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Mandkhai Molomjamts
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Heidi Roehrich
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sydney Gudvangen
- University of Minnesota College of Biological Sciences, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Chanel Asuncion
- University of Minnesota College of Biological Sciences, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Michael K Georgieff
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Phu Tran
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Linda K McLoon
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ellen C Ingolfsland
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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41
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Suryavanshi P, Bodas D. Knockout cancer by nano-delivered immunotherapy using perfusion-aided scaffold-based tumor-on-a-chip. Nanotheranostics 2024; 8:380-400. [PMID: 38751938 PMCID: PMC11093718 DOI: 10.7150/ntno.87818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a multifactorial disease produced by mutations in the oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, which result in uncontrolled cell proliferation and resistance to cell death. Cancer progresses due to the escape of altered cells from immune monitoring, which is facilitated by the tumor's mutual interaction with its microenvironment. Understanding the mechanisms involved in immune surveillance evasion and the significance of the tumor microenvironment might thus aid in developing improved therapies. Although in vivo models are commonly utilized, they could be better for time, cost, and ethical concerns. As a result, it is critical to replicate an in vivo model and recreate the cellular and tissue-level functionalities. A 3D cell culture, which gives a 3D architecture similar to that found in vivo, is an appropriate model. Furthermore, numerous cell types can be cocultured, establishing cellular interactions between TME and tumor cells. Moreover, microfluidics perfusion can provide precision flow rates, thus simulating tissue/organ function. Immunotherapy can be used with the perfused 3D cell culture technique to help develop successful therapeutics. Immunotherapy employing nano delivery can target the spot and silence the responsible genes, ensuring treatment effectiveness while minimizing adverse effects. This study focuses on the importance of 3D cell culture in understanding the pathophysiology of 3D tumors and TME, the function of TME in drug resistance, tumor progression, and the development of advanced anticancer therapies for high-throughput drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Suryavanshi
- Nanobioscience Group, Agharkar Research Institute, G.G. Agarkar Road, Pune 411 004 India
- Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune 411 007 India
| | - Dhananjay Bodas
- Nanobioscience Group, Agharkar Research Institute, G.G. Agarkar Road, Pune 411 004 India
- Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune 411 007 India
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42
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Ravel-Godreuil C, Roy ER, Puttapaka SN, Li S, Wang Y, Yuan X, Eltzschig HK, Cao W. Transcriptional Responses of Different Brain Cell Types to Oxygen Decline. Brain Sci 2024; 14:341. [PMID: 38671993 PMCID: PMC11048388 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14040341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Brain hypoxia is associated with a wide range of physiological and clinical conditions. Although oxygen is an essential constituent of maintaining brain functions, our understanding of how specific brain cell types globally respond and adapt to decreasing oxygen conditions is incomplete. In this study, we exposed mouse primary neurons, astrocytes, and microglia to normoxia and two hypoxic conditions and obtained genome-wide transcriptional profiles of the treated cells. Analysis of differentially expressed genes under conditions of reduced oxygen revealed a canonical hypoxic response shared among different brain cell types. In addition, we observed a higher sensitivity of neurons to oxygen decline, and dissected cell type-specific biological processes affected by hypoxia. Importantly, this study establishes novel gene modules associated with brain cells responding to oxygen deprivation and reveals a state of profound stress incurred by hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Ravel-Godreuil
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.R.-G.); (E.R.R.); (S.N.P.); (S.L.); (Y.W.); (X.Y.); (H.K.E.)
| | - Ethan R. Roy
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.R.-G.); (E.R.R.); (S.N.P.); (S.L.); (Y.W.); (X.Y.); (H.K.E.)
| | - Srinivas N. Puttapaka
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.R.-G.); (E.R.R.); (S.N.P.); (S.L.); (Y.W.); (X.Y.); (H.K.E.)
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sanming Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.R.-G.); (E.R.R.); (S.N.P.); (S.L.); (Y.W.); (X.Y.); (H.K.E.)
| | - Yanyu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.R.-G.); (E.R.R.); (S.N.P.); (S.L.); (Y.W.); (X.Y.); (H.K.E.)
| | - Xiaoyi Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.R.-G.); (E.R.R.); (S.N.P.); (S.L.); (Y.W.); (X.Y.); (H.K.E.)
| | - Holger K. Eltzschig
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.R.-G.); (E.R.R.); (S.N.P.); (S.L.); (Y.W.); (X.Y.); (H.K.E.)
| | - Wei Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.R.-G.); (E.R.R.); (S.N.P.); (S.L.); (Y.W.); (X.Y.); (H.K.E.)
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Akinsipe T, Mohamedelhassan R, Akinpelu A, Pondugula SR, Mistriotis P, Avila LA, Suryawanshi A. Cellular interactions in tumor microenvironment during breast cancer progression: new frontiers and implications for novel therapeutics. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1302587. [PMID: 38533507 PMCID: PMC10963559 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1302587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The breast cancer tumor microenvironment (TME) is dynamic, with various immune and non-immune cells interacting to regulate tumor progression and anti-tumor immunity. It is now evident that the cells within the TME significantly contribute to breast cancer progression and resistance to various conventional and newly developed anti-tumor therapies. Both immune and non-immune cells in the TME play critical roles in tumor onset, uncontrolled proliferation, metastasis, immune evasion, and resistance to anti-tumor therapies. Consequently, molecular and cellular components of breast TME have emerged as promising therapeutic targets for developing novel treatments. The breast TME primarily comprises cancer cells, stromal cells, vasculature, and infiltrating immune cells. Currently, numerous clinical trials targeting specific TME components of breast cancer are underway. However, the complexity of the TME and its impact on the evasion of anti-tumor immunity necessitate further research to develop novel and improved breast cancer therapies. The multifaceted nature of breast TME cells arises from their phenotypic and functional plasticity, which endows them with both pro and anti-tumor roles during tumor progression. In this review, we discuss current understanding and recent advances in the pro and anti-tumoral functions of TME cells and their implications for developing safe and effective therapies to control breast cancer progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tosin Akinsipe
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Rania Mohamedelhassan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Ayuba Akinpelu
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Satyanarayana R. Pondugula
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Panagiotis Mistriotis
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - L. Adriana Avila
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Amol Suryawanshi
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
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Al Mamun A, Shao C, Geng P, Wang S, Xiao J. The Mechanism of Pyroptosis and Its Application Prospect in Diabetic Wound Healing. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:1481-1501. [PMID: 38463193 PMCID: PMC10924950 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s448693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis defines a form of pro-inflammatory-dependent programmed cell death triggered by gasdermin proteins, which creates cytoplasmic pores and promotes the activation and accumulation of immune cells by releasing several pro-inflammatory mediators and immunogenic substances upon cell rupture. Pyroptosis comprises canonical (mediated by Caspase-1) and non-canonical (mediated by Caspase-4/5/11) molecular signaling pathways. Numerous studies have explored the contributory roles of inflammasome and pyroptosis in the progression of multiple pathological conditions such as tumors, nerve injury, inflammatory diseases and metabolic disorders. Accumulating evidence indicates that the activation of the NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome results in the activation of pyroptosis and inflammation. Current evidence suggests that pyroptosis-dependent cell death plays a progressive role in the development of diabetic complications including diabetic wound healing (DWH) and diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). This review presents a brief overview of the molecular mechanisms underlying pyroptosis and addresses the current research on pyroptosis-dependent signaling pathways in the context of DWH. In this review, we also present some prospective therapeutic compounds/agents that can target pyroptotic signaling pathways, which may serve as new strategies for the effective treatment and management of diabetic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Al Mamun
- Central Laboratory of the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui City, Zhejiang, 323000, People's Republic of China
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuxiao Shao
- Central Laboratory of the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui City, Zhejiang, 323000, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiwu Geng
- Central Laboratory of the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui City, Zhejiang, 323000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuanghu Wang
- Central Laboratory of the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui City, Zhejiang, 323000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, People's Republic of China
- Department of Wound Healing, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, People's Republic of China
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Peñín-Grandes S, López-Ortiz S, Maroto-Izquierdo S, Menéndez H, Pinto-Fraga J, Martín-Hernández J, Lista S, Lucia A, Santos-Lozano A. Winners do what they fear: exercise and peripheral arterial disease-an umbrella review. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2024; 31:380-388. [PMID: 37611200 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwad261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This systematic review aims to evaluate and summarize findings from published meta-analyses on the effects of regular exercise in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). The review will assess the impact of exercise on functional parameters, health-related quality of life, haemodynamic parameters, physical activity levels, adverse events, and mortality. METHODS AND RESULTS A systematic search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases (up to May 2023) to identify meta-analyses including randomized controlled trials that examined the effects of regular exercise in patients with PAD. Sixteen studies, with a total of 198 meta-analyses, were identified. Results revealed with strong evidence that patients with PAD who exercised improved functional and health-related quality of life parameters. Specifically, supervised aerobic exercise (i.e. walking to moderate-maximum claudication pain) improves maximum walking distance [mean difference (MD): 177.94 m, 95% confidence interval (CI) 142.29-213.60; P < 0.00001; I2: 65%], pain-free walking distance (fixed MD: 68.78 m, 95% CI 54.35-83.21; P < 0.00001; I2: 67%), self-reported walking ability [i.e. distance score (MD: 9.22 points, 95% CI 5.74-12.70; P < 0.00001; I2: 0%), speed score (MD: 8.71 points, 95% CI 5.64-11.77; P < 0.00001, I2: 0%), stair-climbing score (MD: 8.02 points, 95% CI 4.84-11.21; P < 0.00001, I2: 0%), and combined score (MD: 8.76 points, 95% CI 2.78-14.74; P < 0.0001, I2: 0%)], aerobic capacity (fixed MD: 0.62 mL/kg/min, 95% CI 0.47-0.77, P < 0.00001, I2: 64%), and pain score (MD: 7.65, 95% CI 3.15-12.15; P = 0.0009; I2: 0%), while resistance exercise improves lower limb strength (standardized mean difference: 0.71, 95% CI 0.29-1.13, P = 0.0009; I2: 0%]. Regarding other outcomes, such as haemodynamic parameters, no significant evidence was found, while physical activity levels, adverse events, and mortality require further investigation. CONCLUSION Synthesis of the currently available meta-analyses suggests that regular exercise may be beneficial for a broad range of functional tasks improving health-related quality of life in patients with PAD. Supervised aerobic exercise is the best type of exercise to improve walking-related outcomes and pain, while resistance exercise is more effective to improve lower limb strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saúl Peñín-Grandes
- i+HeALTH Strategic Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Miguel de Cervantes European University (UEMC), Padre Julio Chevalier Street, 2, 47012, Valladolid, Castilla y León, Spain
| | - Susana López-Ortiz
- i+HeALTH Strategic Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Miguel de Cervantes European University (UEMC), Padre Julio Chevalier Street, 2, 47012, Valladolid, Castilla y León, Spain
| | - Sergio Maroto-Izquierdo
- i+HeALTH Strategic Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Miguel de Cervantes European University (UEMC), Padre Julio Chevalier Street, 2, 47012, Valladolid, Castilla y León, Spain
| | - Héctor Menéndez
- i+HeALTH Strategic Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Miguel de Cervantes European University (UEMC), Padre Julio Chevalier Street, 2, 47012, Valladolid, Castilla y León, Spain
| | - José Pinto-Fraga
- i+HeALTH Strategic Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Miguel de Cervantes European University (UEMC), Padre Julio Chevalier Street, 2, 47012, Valladolid, Castilla y León, Spain
| | - Juan Martín-Hernández
- i+HeALTH Strategic Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Miguel de Cervantes European University (UEMC), Padre Julio Chevalier Street, 2, 47012, Valladolid, Castilla y León, Spain
| | - Simone Lista
- i+HeALTH Strategic Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Miguel de Cervantes European University (UEMC), Padre Julio Chevalier Street, 2, 47012, Valladolid, Castilla y León, Spain
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Research Institute of the Hospital 12 de Octubre ('imas12' and 'PaHerg group'), Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Santos-Lozano
- i+HeALTH Strategic Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Miguel de Cervantes European University (UEMC), Padre Julio Chevalier Street, 2, 47012, Valladolid, Castilla y León, Spain
- Research Institute of the Hospital 12 de Octubre ('imas12' and 'PaHerg group'), Madrid, Spain
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Kepes Z, Hegedus E, Sass T, Csikos C, Szabo JP, Szugyiczki V, Hajdu I, Kertesz I, Opposits G, Imrek J, Balkay L, Kalman FK, Trencsenyi G. Concomitant [ 18F]F-FAZA and [ 18F]F-FDG Imaging of Gynecological Cancer Xenografts: Insight into Tumor Hypoxia. In Vivo 2024; 38:574-586. [PMID: 38418132 PMCID: PMC10905447 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.13476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Herein we assessed the feasibility of imaging protocols using both hypoxia-specific [18F]F-FAZA and [18F]F-FDG in bypassing the limitations derived from the non-specific findings of [18F]F-FDG PET imaging of tumor-related hypoxia. MATERIALS AND METHODS CoCl2-generated hypoxia was induced in multidrug resistant (Pgp+) or sensitive (Pgp-) human ovarian (Pgp- A2780, Pgp+ A2780AD), and cervix carcinoma (Pgp- KB-3-1, Pgp+ KB-V-1) cell lines to establish corresponding tumor-bearing mouse models. Prior to [18F]F-FDG/[18F]F-FAZA-based MiniPET imaging, in vitro [18F]F-FDG uptake measurements and western blotting were used to verify the presence of hypoxia. RESULTS Elevated GLUT-1, and hexokinase enzyme-II expression driven by CoCl2-induced activation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α explains enhanced cellular [18F]F-FDG accumulation. No difference was observed in the [18F]F-FAZA accretion of Pgp+ and Pgp- tumors. Tumor-to-muscle ratios for [18F]F-FAZA measured at 110-120 min postinjection (6.2±0.1) provided the best contrasted images for the delineation of PET-oxic and PET-hypoxic intratumor regions. Although all tumors exhibited heterogenous uptake of both radiopharmaceuticals, greater differences for [18F]F-FAZA between the tracer avid and non-accumulating regions indicate its superiority over [18F]F-FDG. Spatial correlation between [18F]F-FGD and [18F]F-FAZA scans confirms that hypoxia mostly occurs in regions with highly active glucose metabolism. CONCLUSION The addition of [18F]F-FAZA PET to [18F]F-FGD imaging may add clinical value in determining hypoxic sub-regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zita Kepes
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Eva Hegedus
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamas Sass
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Csaba Csikos
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Gyula Petrányi Doctoral School of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Judit P Szabo
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Viktoria Szugyiczki
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Békés County Pándy Kálmán Hospital, Semmelweis, Hungary
| | - István Hajdu
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Istvan Kertesz
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gabor Opposits
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Jozsef Imrek
- Institute of Physics, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Balkay
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | - Gyorgy Trencsenyi
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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47
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Takai M, Yashiro N, Hara K, Amano Y, Yamamoto M, Tsujiuchi T. Roles of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor-mediated signaling in cellular functions modulated by endothelial cells in pancreatic cancer cells under hypoxic conditions. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 255:155192. [PMID: 38367602 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the tumor environment, malignant characteristics of cancer cells are promoted by stromal cells under hypoxia. It is unknown whether lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor-mediated signaling is involved in the regulation of cellular functions by endothelial cells in pancreatic cancer cells under hypoxic conditions. METHODS Pancreatic cancer (PANC-1) cells were co-cultured with endothelial (F2) cells and F2 cell supernatants at 21% and 1% O2. The Cell Culture Insert was used to assess the cell motile activity. The cell growth and viability to cisplatin (CDDP) were measured, using the Cell Counting Kit-8. RESULTS LPA receptor expression levels were changed in PANC-1 cells co-cultured with F2 cells at 21% and 1% O2. The cell motile activities of PANC-1 cells co-cultured with F2 cells at 21% and 1% O2 were markedly elevated, compared with PANC-1 cells alone. The cell viabilities to CDDP of PANC-1 cells co-cultured with F2 cell supernatants at 21% and 1% O2 were regulated by the activation of LPA receptors. CONCLUSION These results suggest that LPA receptor-mediated signaling plays an important role in the modulation of pancreatic cancer cell functions by endothelial cells under hypoxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miwa Takai
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, 3-4-1, Kowakae, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Narumi Yashiro
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, 3-4-1, Kowakae, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Koki Hara
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, 3-4-1, Kowakae, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Yuka Amano
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, 3-4-1, Kowakae, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Mao Yamamoto
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, 3-4-1, Kowakae, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Tsujiuchi
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, 3-4-1, Kowakae, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan.
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48
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Szucio W, Bernaczyk P, Ponikwicka-Tyszko D, Milewska G, Pawelczyk A, Wołczyński S, Rahman NA. Progesterone signaling in uterine leiomyoma biology: Implications for potential targeted therapy. Adv Med Sci 2024; 69:21-28. [PMID: 38278085 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2024.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Uterine leiomyomas (ULs) are the most common benign smooth muscle cell steroid-dependent tumors that occur in women of reproductive age. Progesterone (P4) is a major hormone that promotes the ULs development and growth. P4 action in ULs is mediated mainly by its nuclear progesterone receptors (PGRs), although rapid non-genomic responses have also been observed. Data on the membrane progesterone receptors (mPRs) regulated signaling pathways in ULs in the available literature is still very limited. One of the essential characteristics of ULs is the excessive production of extracellular matrix (ECM). P4 has been shown to stimulate ECM production and collagen synthesis in ULs. Recent research demonstrated that, despite their benign nature, ULs may present with abnormal vasculature. P4 has been shown to regulate angiogenesis in ULs through the upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and by controlling the secretion of permeability factors. This review summarizes the key findings regarding the role of PGRs and mPRs in ULs, especially highlighting the potential ECM and angiogenesis modulation by P4. An increased understanding of this mechanistic role of nuclear and specifically mPRs in the biology of P4-modulated ECM and angiogenesis in the growth of ULs could turn out to be fundamental for developing effective targeted therapies for ULs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Szucio
- Department of Reproduction and Gynecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Piotr Bernaczyk
- Department of Medical Pathomorphology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Donata Ponikwicka-Tyszko
- Department of Biology and Pathology of Human Reproduction, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland; Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Gabriela Milewska
- Department of Reproduction and Gynecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adam Pawelczyk
- Department of Plastic, Endocrine and General Surgery, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Sławomir Wołczyński
- Department of Reproduction and Gynecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland; Department of Biology and Pathology of Human Reproduction, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Nafis A Rahman
- Department of Reproduction and Gynecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland; Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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49
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Wu LY, Chai YL, Cheah IK, Chia RSL, Hilal S, Arumugam TV, Chen CP, Lai MKP. Blood-based biomarkers of cerebral small vessel disease. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 95:102247. [PMID: 38417710 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Age-associated cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) represents a clinically heterogenous condition, arising from diverse microvascular mechanisms. These lead to chronic cerebrovascular dysfunction and carry a substantial risk of subsequent stroke and vascular cognitive impairment in aging populations. Owing to advances in neuroimaging, in vivo visualization of cerebral vasculature abnormities and detection of CSVD, including lacunes, microinfarcts, microbleeds and white matter lesions, is now possible, but remains a resource-, skills- and time-intensive approach. As a result, there has been a recent proliferation of blood-based biomarker studies for CSVD aimed at developing accessible screening tools for early detection and risk stratification. However, a good understanding of the pathophysiological processes underpinning CSVD is needed to identify and assess clinically useful biomarkers. Here, we provide an overview of processes associated with CSVD pathogenesis, including endothelial injury and dysfunction, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, perivascular neuronal damage as well as cardiovascular dysfunction. Then, we review clinical studies of the key biomolecules involved in the aforementioned processes. Lastly, we outline future trends and directions for CSVD biomarker discovery and clinical validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu-Yun Wu
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yuek Ling Chai
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Irwin K Cheah
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Neurobiology Programme, Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rachel S L Chia
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Saima Hilal
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Kent Ridge, Singapore
| | - Thiruma V Arumugam
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Christopher P Chen
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mitchell K P Lai
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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50
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Awrahman HA, Mohamad D. Advanced breast cancer diagnosis: Multiplex RT-qPCR for precise typing and angiogenesis profiling. Biochem Biophys Rep 2024; 37:101615. [PMID: 38205186 PMCID: PMC10776909 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2023.101615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) remains the foremost cause of cancer-related mortality, with an estimated 2.3 million new cases anticipated globally. The timely diagnosis of BC is pivotal for effective treatment. Currently, BC diagnosis predominantly relies on Immunohistochemistry (IHC), a method known for its sluggishness, expense, and dependence on proficient pathologists for confident cancer typing. In this study, we introduce a novel approach to enhance the accuracy, speed, and cost-effectiveness of BC diagnosis. We employ multiplex Reverse Transcription quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR) with touch-down methods, which consistently yield significantly lower Cycle Threshold (CT) values. The study evaluates gene expression profiles of HER2, PGR, ESR, and Ki67 genes across 61 samples representing four BC subtypes, using RPL13A as the endogenous control gene. The results demonstrate that our method offers remarkable precision, nearly equivalent to IHC, in detecting gene expressions vital for BC diagnosis and subtyping. Moreover, we explore the gene expression of Hif1A, ANG, and VEGFR genes involved in angiogenesis, shedding light on the metastatic potential of the tested BC tumours. Notably, numerous samples exhibit elevated levels of Hif1A and VEGFR, indicating their potential as valuable biomarkers for assessing metastatic status. Collectively, our RT-qPCR methodology emerges as a powerful diagnostic tool for swiftly identifying BC subtypes and can be complemented with other essential tumorigenic biomarker assessments, such as angiogenesis, to further refine cancer characterisation and inform personalised therapeutic strategies for BC patients. This innovation holds the promise of revolutionising BC diagnosis and treatment, offering expedited and reliable insights for improved patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harem Abdalla Awrahman
- University of Sulaimani and Hiwa Hospital, Sulaymaniyah General Directory of Health, Ministry of Health, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
| | - Dlnya Mohamad
- University of Sulaimani, Biology Department KRG, Iraq
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