1
|
Macalalad MAB, Odchimar NMO, Orosco FL. High-throughput virtual screening of Streptomyces spp. metabolites as antiviral inhibitors against the Nipah virus matrix protein. Comput Biol Chem 2024; 112:108133. [PMID: 38968780 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2024.108133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Nipah virus (NiV) remains a significant global concern due to its impact on both the agricultural industry and human health, resulting in substantial economic and health consequences. Currently, there is no cure or commercially available vaccine for the virus. Therefore, it is crucial to prioritize the discovery of new and effective treatment options to prevent its continued spread. Streptomyces spp. are rich sources of metabolites known for their bioactivity against certain diseases; however, their potential as antiviral drugs against the Nipah virus remain unexplored. In this study, 6524 Streptomyces spp. metabolites were screened through in silico methods for their inhibitory effects against the Nipah virus matrix (NiV-M) protein, which assists in virion assembly of Nipah virus. Different computer-aided tools were utilized to carry out the virtual screening process: ADMET profiling revealed 913 compounds with excellent safety and efficacy profiles, molecular docking predicted the binding poses and associated docking scores of the ligands in their respective targets, MD simulations confirmed the binding stability of the top ten highest-scoring ligands in a 100 ns all-atom simulation, PCA elucidated simulation convergence, and MMPB(GB)SA calculations estimated the binding energies of the final candidate compounds and determined the key residues crucial for complex formation. Using in silico methods, we identified six metabolites targeting the main substrate-binding site and five targeting the dimerization site that exhibited excellent stability and strong binding affinity. We recommend testing these compounds in the next stages of drug development to confirm their effectiveness as therapeutic agents against Nipah virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Andrian B Macalalad
- Virology and Vaccine Research and Development Program, Department of Science and Technology - Industrial Technology Development Institute, Taguig 1631, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Nyzar Mabeth O Odchimar
- Virology and Vaccine Research and Development Program, Department of Science and Technology - Industrial Technology Development Institute, Taguig 1631, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Fredmoore L Orosco
- Virology and Vaccine Research and Development Program, Department of Science and Technology - Industrial Technology Development Institute, Taguig 1631, Metro Manila, Philippines; S&T Fellows Program, Department of Science and Technology, Taguig 1631, Metro Manila, Philippines; Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines - Manila, Manila 1000, Metro Manila, Philippines.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
AbdEl-Aty MA, Amin MT, Ahmed SM, Elsedfy GO, El-Gazzar AF. Exploring factors for antibiotic over-prescription in children with acute upper respiratory tract infections in Assiut, Egypt: a qualitative study. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2024; 13:2. [PMID: 38185690 PMCID: PMC10773027 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-023-01357-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over-prescription of antibiotics contributes to antibiotic resistance, which is a global health threat. Egypt has alarmingly high rates of antibiotic over-prescription for acute upper respiratory tract infections (URIs) in children. To effectively address this issue, it is important to understand the various factors that influence prescription behaviors. The Teixeira antibiotic prescription behavioral model (TAPBM) offers a comprehensive framework through which these factors can be explored. This qualitative study sought to investigate the perspectives of key stakeholders involved in pediatric healthcare in Egypt, with the primary goal of identifying the underlying determinants that contributed to this problem. METHODS This qualitative study was conducted in Assiut City, Egypt, between January and March 2023. Purposive sampling was used to select participants, including consultant pediatricians, supervisors of pediatric training programs, and specialists in infection prevention and control. Thirteen semi-structured in-depth interviews (IDIs) were conducted, audio-recorded, and transcribed. Thematic analysis was performed using MAXQDA 2020 software. RESULTS Two main themes emerged from the analysis: intrinsic factors related to physicians, extrinsic factors related to patients, and nonphysician factors. Intrinsic factors encompass personal characteristics and attitudes. Prescribing decisions were influenced by factors such as fear of complications, limited follow-up visits, and competition. Knowledge and education also played a significant role. Moreover, diagnostic uncertainty in distinguishing between bacterial and viral infections posed a challenge. Extrinsic factors included patient and caregiver factors, such as parental expectations and demands for antibiotics, driven by the belief that they produced rapid results. Moreover, patients' demographic factors, including socioeconomic status and living conditions, affected their prescribing behavior. Health system-related factors, such as the type of healthcare institution and the absence of formal national guidelines, were identified as influential factors. Additionally, this study highlighted the influence of the pharmaceutical industry. The potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on antibiotic prescriptions was addressed. CONCLUSIONS The study highlights the intricate interplay between intrinsic and extrinsic factors that shape antibiotic prescription decisions, underscoring the significance of addressing these factors in mitigating overprescribing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Attia AbdEl-Aty
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt
| | - Mariam Taher Amin
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt.
| | - Sabra Mohamed Ahmed
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt
| | - Ghada Omar Elsedfy
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Children's Hospital, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Amira Fathy El-Gazzar
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kintrilis N, Galinos I. Outpatient Intravenous Remdesivir to Prevent Progression to Severe COVID-19: An Observational Study from a Greek Hospital. RECENT ADVANCES IN ANTI-INFECTIVE DRUG DISCOVERY 2024; 19:173-178. [PMID: 36999701 DOI: 10.2174/2772434418666230331083714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Remdesivir, a viral RNA polymerase inhibitor, has been a powerful weapon in the battle against the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Originally approved for use in hospitalized patients, remdesivir improves clinical outcomes in patients with moderate to severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). After proving efficacious in hospitalized patients, its use was approved in early disease for symptomatic, non-hospitalized patients that present risk factors for progression to severe disease. OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether administration of the antiviral medication remdesivir at an outpatient basis has an effect on hospital admissions of patients presenting with SARSCoV- 2 infection. METHODS We conducted an observational clinical trial involving 107 non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients who attended the emergency department of a third-level greek hospital seeking care for symptoms appearing within the previous 5 days and who had at least one risk factor for progression to severe disease. After arterial blood gas evaluation, eligible patients received intravenous remdesivir at a dose of 200 mg on day 1 and 100 mg on days 2 and 3. The efficacy endpoint was set as COVID-19-related hospitalization or death in the next 14 days. RESULTS A total of 107 patients (57.0% men) participated in the study, 51 (47.7%) of them fully vaccinated. Most prevalent were age ≥ 60 years old, cardiovascular/cerebrovascular disease, immunosuppression or malignancy, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and chronic lung disease. All patients enrolled completed the 3-day course, with a total of 3 out of 107 patients (2.8%) eventually having a COVID-19-related hospitalization by day 14, while no deaths were reported by day 14. CONCLUSION Among non-hospitalized patients with at least one risk factor for progression to severe COVID-19, a 3-day course of intravenous remdesivir yielded favourable results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Kintrilis
- Infectious Diseases Unit, 401 General Military Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Iosif Galinos
- Infectious Diseases Unit, 401 General Military Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Semerák M, Sedlák J, Čmejla R. Clarithromycin Suppresses Apple Proliferation Phytoplasma in Explant Cultures. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3820. [PMID: 38005717 PMCID: PMC10674752 DOI: 10.3390/plants12223820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Apple proliferation, caused by 'Candidatus Phytoplasma mali', is one of the most important economic threats in the field of apple production. Especially at a young age, infected trees can be affected by excessive bud proliferation and general decline. The fruit quality is also significantly reduced by this disease. To investigate treatment options, we applied a clarithromycin chemotherapy to infected in vitro cultures of 'Golden Delicious'. With increasing concentrations of clarithromycin in the media, the phytoplasma load decreased rapidly after one month of treatment, but phytotoxicity led to a pronounced mortality at 40 mg/L, which was the highest dose used in our experiment. Out of 45 initial explants, we obtained one negative mericlone and two mericlones with a concentration of phytoplasma DNA at the detection limit of PCR. The culture propagated from the mericlone that tested negative remained phytoplasma-free after 18 months of subculturing. Our results suggest the applicability of macrolide antibiotics against phytoplasma infections in vitro; however, it might be challenging to find the threshold zone where the concentration is sufficient for pathogen elimination, but not lethal for the plant material of different cultivars.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matěj Semerák
- Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology Holovousy Ltd., 50801 Holovousy, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Sedlák
- Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology Holovousy Ltd., 50801 Holovousy, Czech Republic
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gu B, Kim DG, Kim DK, Kim M, Kim HU, Oh MK. Heterologous overproduction of oviedomycin by refactoring biosynthetic gene cluster and metabolic engineering of host strain Streptomyces coelicolor. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:212. [PMID: 37838667 PMCID: PMC10576301 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02218-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oviedomycin is one among several polyketides known for their potential as anticancer agents. The biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) for oviedomycin is primarily found in Streptomyces antibioticus. However, because this BGC is usually inactive under normal laboratory conditions, it is necessary to employ systematic metabolic engineering methods, such as heterologous expression, refactoring of BGCs, and optimization of precursor biosynthesis, to allow efficient production of these compounds. RESULTS Oviedomycin BGC was captured from the genome of Streptomyces antibioticus by a newly constructed plasmid, pCBA, and conjugated into the heterologous strain, S. coelicolor M1152. To increase the production of oviedomycin, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) system was utilized in an in vitro setting to refactor the native promoters within the ovm BGC. The target promoters of refactoring were selected based on examination of factors such as transcription levels and metabolite profiling. Furthermore, genome-scale metabolic simulation was applied to find overexpression targets that could enhance the biosynthesis of precursors or cofactors related to oviedomycin production. The combined approach led to a significant increase in oviedomycin production, reaching up to 670 mg/L, which is the highest titer reported to date. This demonstrates the potential of the approach undertaken in this study. CONCLUSIONS The metabolic engineering approach used in this study led to the successful production of a valuable polyketide, oviedomycin, via BGC cloning, promoter refactoring, and gene manipulation of host metabolism aided by genome-scale metabolic simulation. This approach can be also useful for the efficient production of other secondary molecules encoded by 'silent' BGCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boncheol Gu
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Duck Gyun Kim
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Kyung Kim
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Minji Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 four), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Uk Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 four), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min-Kyu Oh
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ghorbanali Z, Zare-Mirakabad F, Salehi N, Akbari M, Masoudi-Nejad A. DrugRep-HeSiaGraph: when heterogenous siamese neural network meets knowledge graphs for drug repurposing. BMC Bioinformatics 2023; 24:374. [PMID: 37789314 PMCID: PMC10548718 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-023-05479-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug repurposing is an approach that holds promise for identifying new therapeutic uses for existing drugs. Recently, knowledge graphs have emerged as significant tools for addressing the challenges of drug repurposing. However, there are still major issues with constructing and embedding knowledge graphs. RESULTS This study proposes a two-step method called DrugRep-HeSiaGraph to address these challenges. The method integrates the drug-disease knowledge graph with the application of a heterogeneous siamese neural network. In the first step, a drug-disease knowledge graph named DDKG-V1 is constructed by defining new relationship types, and then numerical vector representations for the nodes are created using the distributional learning method. In the second step, a heterogeneous siamese neural network called HeSiaNet is applied to enrich the embedding of drugs and diseases by bringing them closer in a new unified latent space. Then, it predicts potential drug candidates for diseases. DrugRep-HeSiaGraph achieves impressive performance metrics, including an AUC-ROC of 91.16%, an AUC-PR of 90.32%, an accuracy of 84.63%, a BS of 0.119, and an MCC of 69.31%. CONCLUSION We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in identifying potential drugs for COVID-19 as a case study. In addition, this study shows the role of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) as a potential receptor for SARS-CoV-2 and the effectiveness of DPP-4 inhibitors in facing COVID-19. This highlights the practical application of the model in addressing real-world challenges in the field of drug repurposing. The code and data for DrugRep-HeSiaGraph are publicly available at https://github.com/CBRC-lab/DrugRep-HeSiaGraph .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Ghorbanali
- Computational Biology Research Center (CBRC), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Zare-Mirakabad
- Computational Biology Research Center (CBRC), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Najmeh Salehi
- School of Biological Science, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Akbari
- Computational Biology Research Center (CBRC), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Masoudi-Nejad
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics (LBB), Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jeong S, Park SJ, Kim M, Park YJ, Choi S, Chang J, Kim JS, Oh YH, Ko A, Park SM. Long-term antibiotic use and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma later in life: a nationwide cohort study of 9.8 million participants. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2023; 43:1174-1177. [PMID: 37702491 PMCID: PMC10565376 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Seogsong Jeong
- Department of Biomedical SciencesSeoul National University HospitalSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
- Department of Biomedical InformaticsCHA University School of MedicineSeongnamSouth Korea
| | - Sun Jae Park
- Department of Biomedical SciencesSeoul National University HospitalSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Minseo Kim
- Department of Biomedical SciencesSeoul National University HospitalSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
- Department of MedicineCollege of MedicineJeonbuk National UniversityJeonjuSouth Korea
| | - Young Jun Park
- Medical Research CenterGenomic Medicine InstituteSeoul National UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | - Seulggie Choi
- Department of Internal MedicineSeoul National University HospitalSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Jooyoung Chang
- Department of Biomedical SciencesSeoul National University HospitalSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Ji Soo Kim
- International Healthcare CenterSeoul National University HospitalSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Yun Hwan Oh
- Department of Family MedicineChung‐Ang University Gwangmyeong HospitalChung‐Ang University College of MedicineGwangmyeongSouth Korea
| | - Ahryoung Ko
- Department of Family MedicineSeoul National University HospitalSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Sang Min Park
- Department of Biomedical SciencesSeoul National University HospitalSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
- Department of Family MedicineSeoul National University HospitalSeoulSouth Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tokito T, Kido T, Muramatsu K, Tokutsu K, Okuno D, Yura H, Takemoto S, Ishimoto H, Takazono T, Sakamoto N, Obase Y, Ishimatsu Y, Fujino Y, Yatera K, Fushimi K, Matsuda S, Mukae H. Impact of Administering Intravenous Azithromycin within 7 Days of Hospitalization for Influenza Virus Pneumonia: A Propensity Score Analysis Using a Nationwide Administrative Database. Viruses 2023; 15:1142. [PMID: 37243228 PMCID: PMC10222596 DOI: 10.3390/v15051142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effectiveness of azithromycin against severe influenza is yet unclear. We retrospectively investigated the effect of intravenous azithromycin administration within 7 days of hospitalization in patients with influenza virus pneumonia and respiratory failure. Using Japan's national administrative database, we enrolled and classified 5066 patients with influenza virus pneumonia into severe, moderate, and mild groups based on their respiratory status within 7 days of hospitalization. The primary endpoints were total, 30-day, and 90-day mortality rates. The secondary endpoints were the duration of intensive-care unit management, invasive mechanical ventilation, and hospital stay. The inverse probability of the treatment weighting method with estimated propensity scores was used to minimize data collection bias. Use of intravenous azithromycin was proportional to the severity of respiratory failure (mild: 1.0%, moderate: 3.1%, severe: 14.8%). In the severe group, the 30-day mortality rate was significantly lower with azithromycin (26.49% vs. 36.65%, p = 0.038). In the moderate group, the mean duration of invasive mechanical ventilation after day 8 was shorter with azithromycin; there were no significant differences in other endpoints between the severe and moderate groups. These results suggest that intravenous azithromycin has favorable effects in patients with influenza virus pneumonia using mechanical ventilation or oxygen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takatomo Tokito
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Takashi Kido
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Keiji Muramatsu
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu 807-0804, Japan
| | - Kei Tokutsu
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu 807-0804, Japan
| | - Daisuke Okuno
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Yura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Shinnosuke Takemoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ishimoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Takahiro Takazono
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Noriho Sakamoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Yasushi Obase
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Yuji Ishimatsu
- Department of Nursing, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Fujino
- Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Science, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu 807-0804, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yatera
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu 807-0804, Japan
| | - Kiyohide Fushimi
- Department of Health Policy and Informatics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Shinya Matsuda
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu 807-0804, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mukae
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nortey RA, Kretchy IA, Koduah A, Buabeng KO. Biopsychosocial analysis of antibiotic use for the prevention or management of COVID-19 infections: A scoping review. Res Social Adm Pharm 2023; 19:573-581. [PMID: 36496334 PMCID: PMC9715464 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2022.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The novelty and complexity of the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in various coping mechanisms adopted by individuals as a means of averting the perceived fatalities of the pandemic. The use of antibiotics in the management of COVID-19 is clinically recommended under specific conditions. However, there are increasing trends of non-adherence to the recommended criteria resulting in the unwarranted use of antibiotics as an adaptative approach to the ongoing pandemic. OBJECTIVE The objective was to identify and classify factors associated with the unwarranted use of antibiotics in the management of COVID-19 from published literature and the perspectives of key stakeholders along a Biopsychosocial model. METHODS Literature was searched in the following databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase and Google Scholar for studies published between 31st December 2019 and 31st January 2022. The Arskey and O'Malley framework modified by Levac in the six-stage methodological process was adopted for this review and included: a) identification of research questions, b) identification of relevant research articles, c) selection of studies, d) data charting and synthesis, e) summary, discussion and analysis, and f) stakeholder consultations. RESULTS Out of 10,252 records identified from all sources, 12 studies were selected for inclusion in this scoping review. The selected articles reflected both antibiotic use and COVID-19 whilst capturing the biological (medical) and psychosocial perspectives. Most of the studies reported the overuse or abuse of Azithromycin especially in hospital settings. Common themes across the review and stakeholder consultations included fear, anxiety, media influences and deficits in public knowledge. CONCLUSION The findings of the study highlight the complexity of antibiotic control especially in the context of a pandemic. The identified determinants of antibiotic use provide the necessary framework to simulate health emergencies and be better positioned in the future through the development of targeted and comprehensive policies on antibiotic stewardship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Radolf Ansbert Nortey
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Private Mail Bag, University Post Office, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - Irene Akwo Kretchy
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Ghana, PO Box LG 43, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
| | - Augustina Koduah
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Ghana, PO Box LG 43, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
| | - Kwame Ohene Buabeng
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Private Mail Bag, University Post Office, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rodriguez AL, Fowler VL, Huether M, Reddick D, Tait-Burkard C, O’Shea M, Perkins S, Dias N, Buterbaugh R, Benchaoui HA. Effects of a water-soluble formulation of tylvalosin on disease caused by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus alone in sows or in combination with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in piglets. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:31. [PMID: 36726139 PMCID: PMC9890818 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03571-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of a water-soluble formulation of tylvalosin (Aivlosin® 625 mg/g granules) on disease caused by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhyop) was investigated in two animal studies. In a PRRSV challenge model in pregnant sows (n = 18), six sows received water medicated at target dose of 5 mg tylvalosin/kg body weight/day from 3 days prior to challenge until the end of gestation. Six sows were left untreated, with a third group remaining untreated and unchallenged. Sows were challenged with PRRSV-2 at approximately 85 days of gestation. Cytokines, viremia, viral shedding, sow reproductive parameters and piglet performance to weaning were evaluated. In a dual infection study (n = 16), piglets were challenged with Mhyop on days 0, 1 and 2, and with PRRSV-1 on day 14 and euthanized on day 24. From day 10 to 20, eight piglets received water medicated at target dose of 20 mg tylvalosin/kg body weight/day and eight piglets were left untreated. Cytokines, viremia, bacteriology and lung lesions were evaluated. RESULTS In the PRRSV challenge study in pregnant sows, tylvalosin significantly reduced the levels of serum IL-8 (P < 0.001), IL-12 (P = 0.032), TNFα (P < 0.001) and GM-CSF (P = 0.001). IL-8 (P = 0.100) tended to be lower in uterus of tylvalosin sows. All piglets from tylvalosin sows surviving to weaning were PRRSV negative in faecal swabs at weaning compared to 33.3% PRRSV positive piglets from untreated sows (P = 0.08). In the dual challenge study in piglet, tylvalosin reduced serum IL1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-1α, IL-13, IL-17A, IL-18, GM-CSF, TGFβ1, TNFα, CCL3L1, MIG, PEPCAM-1 (P < 0.001) and increased serum IFNα, IL-1ra and MIP-1b (P < 0.001). In the lungs, tylvalosin reduced IL-8, IL-10 and IL-12 compared to untreated pigs (P < 0.001) and tended to reduce TNFα (P = 0.082). Lung lavage samples from all tylvalosin treated piglets were negative for Mhyop (0 cfu/mL) compared to the untreated piglets which had mean Mhyop counts of 2.68 × 104 cfu/mL (P = 0.023). CONCLUSION Overall, tylvalosin reduced both local and systemic proinflammatory cytokines after challenge with respiratory pathogens in sows and in piglets. Tylvalosin was effective in reducing Mhyop recovery from the lungs and may reduce virus shedding in piglets following transplacental PRRSV infection in sows.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - David Reddick
- Moredun Scientific Ltd, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0PZ UK
| | - Christine Tait-Burkard
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG UK
| | - Marie O’Shea
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG UK
| | | | - Nirosh Dias
- grid.505215.6RTI, LLC, 801 32nd Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Biondo C, Midiri A, Gerace E, Zummo S, Mancuso G. SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis: What We Know So Far. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:2087. [PMID: 36556452 PMCID: PMC9786139 DOI: 10.3390/life12122087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory infections are the most common and most frequent diseases, especially in children and the elderly, characterized by a clear seasonality and with an incidence that usually tends to decrease with increasing age. These infections often resolve spontaneously, usually without the need for antibiotic treatment and/or with the possible use of symptomatic treatments aimed at reducing overproduction of mucus and decreasing coughing. However, when these infections occur in patients with weakened immune systems and/or underlying health conditions, their impact can become dramatic and in some cases life threatening. The rapid worldwide spread of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has caused concern for everyone, becoming especially important for individuals with underlying lung diseases, such as CF patients, who have always paid close attention to implementing protective strategies to avoid infection. However, adult and pediatric CF patients contract coronavirus infection like everyone else. In addition, although numerous studies were published during the first wave of the pandemic on the risk for patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) to develop severe manifestations when infected with SARS-CoV-2, to date, a high risk has been found only for patients with poorer lung function and post-transplant status. In terms of preventive measures, vaccination remains key. The best protection for these patients is to strengthen preventive measures, such as social distancing and the use of masks. In this review, we aim to summarize and discuss recent advances in understanding the susceptibility of CF individuals to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmelo Biondo
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Angelina Midiri
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | | | - Sebastiana Zummo
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mancuso
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lu LW, Gao Y, Quek SY, Foster M, Eason CT, Liu M, Wang M, Chen JH, Chen F. The landscape of potential health benefits of carotenoids as natural supportive therapeutics in protecting against Coronavirus infection. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 154:113625. [PMID: 36058151 PMCID: PMC9428603 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic urges researching possibilities for prevention and management of the effects of the virus. Carotenoids are natural phytochemicals of anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties and may exert potential in aiding in combatting the pandemic. This review presents the direct and indirect evidence of the health benefits of carotenoids and derivatives based on in vitro and in vivo studies, human clinical trials and epidemiological studies and proposes possible mechanisms of action via which carotenoids may have the capacity to protect against COVID-19 effects. The current evidence provides a rationale for considering carotenoids as natural supportive nutrients via antioxidant activities, including scavenging lipid-soluble radicals, reducing hypoxia-associated superoxide by activating antioxidant enzymes, or suppressing enzymes that produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). Carotenoids may regulate COVID-19 induced over-production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, pro-inflammatory enzymes and adhesion molecules by nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAS) and interleukins-6- Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (IL-6-JAK/STAT) pathways and suppress the polarization of pro-inflammatory M1 macrophage. Moreover, carotenoids may modulate the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors γ by acting as agonists to alleviate COVID-19 symptoms. They also may potentially block the cellular receptor of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). These activities may reduce the severity of COVID-19 and flu-like diseases. Thus, carotenoid supplementation may aid in combatting the pandemic, as well as seasonal flu. However, further in vitro, in vivo and in particular long-term clinical trials in COVID-19 patients are needed to evaluate this hypothesis.
Collapse
|
13
|
Morasert T, Kriengwattanakul O, Kulalert P. Effect of Macrolide Antibiotics on In-Hospital Mortality Among Acute Exacerbation of COPD Patients: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2022; 17:2229-2239. [PMID: 36124296 PMCID: PMC9482436 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s373595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to assess whether the short-term use of macrolide antibiotics during hospitalization can reduce in-hospital all-cause mortality compared to non-macrolide treatment in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). Methods A propensity score (PS) matching analysis was performed using retrospective data from the admission records of AECOPD patients in the medical general ward and medical intensive care unit of a tertiary care center between October 2015 and September 2018. The multivariable Cox proportional hazard model was performed to eliminate residual confounding after the PS analysis. Results The mortality rate was 11.1% of 1528 admissions in the PS matching cohort. Approximately 70% of patients had respiratory failure requiring intubation on initial admission, and 34% had pneumonia. Macrolide treatment significantly reduced in-hospital mortality among AECOPD patients (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.55; 95% confidence interval 0.32–0.96; P=0.034). Clarithromycin was the most commonly prescribed macrolide (80%). Conclusion Macrolide antibiotics reduced in-hospital mortality in hospitalized AECOPD patients. The combination of antimicrobial and immunomodulatory effects of macrolide treatment could play an essential role.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thotsaporn Morasert
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Suratthani Hospital, Surat Thani, 84000, Thailand
| | | | - Prapasri Kulalert
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Al-Marzooq F, Ghazawi A, Tariq S, Daoud L, Collyns T. Discerning the role of polymyxin B nonapeptide in restoring the antibacterial activity of azithromycin against antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:998671. [PMID: 36212888 PMCID: PMC9532765 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.998671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a global public health threat. Antibiotic development pipeline has few new drugs; therefore, using antibiotic adjuvants has been envisioned as a successful method to preserve existing medications to fight multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens. In this study, we investigated the synergistic effect of a polymyxin derivative known as polymyxin B nonapeptide (PMBN) with azithromycin (AZT). A total of 54 Escherichia coli strains were first characterized for macrolide resistance genes, and susceptibility to different antibiotics, including AZT. A subset of 24 strains was then selected for synergy testing by the checkerboard assay. PMBN was able to re-sensitize the bacteria to AZT, even in strains with high minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC: 32 to ≥128 μg/ml) for AZT, and in strains resistant to the last resort drugs such as colistin and meropenem. The fractional inhibitory concentration index was lower than 0.5, demonstrating that PMBN and AZT combinations had a synergistic effect. The combinations worked efficiently in strains carrying mphA gene encoding macrolide phosphotransferase which can cause macrolide inactivation. However, the combinations were inactive in strains having an additional ermB gene encoding macrolide methylase which causes ribosomal drug target alteration. Killing kinetics study showed a significant reduction of bacterial growth after 6 h of treatment with complete killing achieved after 24 h. Transmission electron microscopy showed morphological alterations in the bacteria treated with PMBN alone or in combination with AZT, with evidence of damage to the outer membrane. These results suggested that PMBN acted by increasing the permeability of bacterial outer membrane to AZT, which was also evident using a fluorometric assay. Using multiple antimicrobial agents could therefore be a promising strategy in the eradication of MDR bacteria. PMBN is a good candidate for use with other antibiotics to potentiate their activity, but further studies are required in vivo. This will significantly contribute to resolving antimicrobial resistance crisis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farah Al-Marzooq
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- *Correspondence: Farah Al-Marzooq,
| | - Akela Ghazawi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saeed Tariq
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Lana Daoud
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Valentino MS, Esposito C, Colosimo S, Caprio AM, Puzone S, Guarino S, Marzuillo P, Miraglia del Giudice E, Di Sessa A. Gut microbiota and COVID-19: An intriguing pediatric perspective. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:8076-8087. [PMID: 36159525 PMCID: PMC9403663 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i23.8076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) involvement has been reported in approximately 50% of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is due to the pathogenic role of inflammation and the intestinal function of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and its receptor. Accumulating adult data has pointed out that gut dysbiosis might occur in these patients with a potential impact on the severity of the disease, however the role of gut microbiota in susceptibility and severity of COVID-19 disease in children is still poorly known. During the last decades, the crosstalk between gut and lung has been largely recognized resulting in the concept of “gut-lung axis” as a central player in modulating the development of several diseases. Both organs are involved in the common mucosal immune system (including bronchus-associated and gut-associated lymphoid tissues) and their homeostasis is crucial for human health. In this framework, it has been found that the role of GI dysbiosis is affecting the homeostasis of the gut-liver axis. Of note, a gut microbiome imbalance has been linked to COVID-19 severity in adult subjects, but it remains to be clarified. Based on the increased risk of inflammatory diseases in children with COVID-19, the potential correlation between gut microbiota dysfunction and COVID-19 needs to be studied in this population. We aimed to summarize the most recent evidence on this striking aspect of COVID-19 in childhood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sole Valentino
- Department of Woman, Child, and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Claudia Esposito
- Department of Woman, Child, and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Simone Colosimo
- Department of Woman, Child, and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Angela Maria Caprio
- Department of Woman, Child, and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Simona Puzone
- Department of Woman, Child, and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Stefano Guarino
- Department of Woman, Child, and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Marzuillo
- Department of Woman, Child, and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Emanuele Miraglia del Giudice
- Department of Woman, Child, and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Anna Di Sessa
- Department of Woman, Child, and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples 80138, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Murillo-Zamora E, Trujillo X, Huerta M, Ríos-Silva M, Lugo-Radillo A, Mendoza-Cano O. Decreased survival in children inpatients with COVID-19 and antibiotic prescription. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:532. [PMID: 35689192 PMCID: PMC9186280 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07516-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The empirical prescription of antibiotics to inpatients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is frequent despite uncommon bacterial coinfections. Current knowledge of the effect of antibiotics on the survival of hospitalized children with COVID-19 is limited. Objective To characterize the survival experience of children with laboratory-positive COVID-19 in whom antibiotics were prescribed at hospital admission. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted in Mexico, with children hospitalized due to COVID-19 from March 2020 to December 2021. Data from 1601 patients were analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method and the log-rank test. We computed hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to evaluate the effect of the analyzed exposures on disease outcomes. Results Antibiotics were prescribed to 13.2% (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$$n$$\end{document}n = 211) of enrolled children and a higher mortality rate [14.9 (95% CI 10.1–19.8) vs. 8.3 (95% CI 6.8–9.8)] per 1000 person-days, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$$p$$\end{document}p < 0.001) was found among them. At any given cut-off, survival functions were lower in antibiotic-positive inpatients (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$$p$$\end{document}p < 0.001). In the multiple model, antibiotic prescription was associated with a 50% increase in the risk of fatal outcome (HR = 1.50, 95% CI 1.01–2.22). A longer interval between illness onset and healthcare-seeking and pneumonia at hospital admission was associated with a poorer prognosis. Conclusions Our results suggest that antibiotic prescription in children hospitalized due to COVID-19 is associated with decreased survival. If later replicated, these findings highlight the need for rational antibiotics in these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Efrén Murillo-Zamora
- Departamento de Epidemiología, Unidad de Medicina Familiar No. 19, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Javier Mina 301, Col. Centro, C.P. 28000, Colima, Colima, Mexico.,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Colima, Av. Universidad 333, Col. Las Víboras, C.P. 28040, Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | - Xóchitl Trujillo
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, Av. 25 de julio 965, Col. Villas San Sebastián, C.P. 28045, Colima, Mexico
| | - Miguel Huerta
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, Av. 25 de julio 965, Col. Villas San Sebastián, C.P. 28045, Colima, Mexico
| | - Mónica Ríos-Silva
- Universidad de Colima - CONACyT, Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Av. 25 de julio 965, Col. Villas San Sebastián, C.P. 28045, Colima, Mexico
| | - Agustin Lugo-Radillo
- CONACYT - Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Oliver Mendoza-Cano
- Facultad de Ingeniería Civil, Universidad de Colima, km. 9 carretera Colima-Coquimatlán, C.P. 28400, Coquimatlán, Colima, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Antibiotic prescribing trends in the US during the first 11 months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Res Social Adm Pharm 2022; 18:3855-3859. [PMID: 35589530 PMCID: PMC9108895 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2022.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background The study aims to compare antibiotic prescribing trends for U.S. COVID-19 patients, categorized by disease severity, and non-COVID-19 population with similar symptoms during 2019–2020 pandemic. Methods A retrospective observational cohort design using Symphony Health (January–November 2020). Sample population included about 13.3 million patients with at least one prescription claim ±6 months from date of diagnosis of COVID-19 or COVID-19 like symptom. Cohorts were categorized based on diagnosis codes; COVID-19 positive cohorts 1 to 3 with severe, mild, and no symptoms, respectively and non-COVID-19 cohorts 4 and 5 with severe and mild symptoms, respectively. Descriptive statistics were calculated for demographic characteristics and acute antibiotic utilization (≤7 days) including total number of antibiotics, weekly rate of prescribing, and proportion of fills in three “appropriateness” categories (always appropriate, potentially appropriate, never appropriate). Results Three cohorts with a positive COVID-19 diagnosis code constituted a total of about 1.8 million patients (13.53%). About 22.79% of COVID-19 positive groups had severe symptoms, 24.43% had moderate symptoms and the majority, 52.78%, had no symptoms. In the analytical sample of 13 million, about 4.2 million antibiotic prescriptions were prescribed to 2.5 million patients (19%) within 7 days of the first diagnosis of either COVID-19 or COVID-19-like symptoms. Within the COVID-19 positive cohorts, about 11% received an antibiotic prescription, while the non-COVID-19 cohorts, about 19.70% received an antibiotic. Among patients with antibiotic prescriptions, about 37.01% were prescribed an antibiotic “appropriately”, 39.46% were prescribed a “potentially appropriate” antibiotic and about 22.64% received an “inappropriate” antibiotic. Among patients prescribed antibiotics, azithromycin was the most common, ranging from 21.80 to 44.80% for each cohort. Conclusions Although the overall proportion of COVID-19 patients receiving antibiotics was much lower than non-COVID-19 patients, the findings suggest use of antibiotics persisted despite guidelines against widespread use, particularly for patients with moderate and mild COVID-19 symptoms.
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhamankulov A, Rozenson R, Morenko M, Akhmetova U, Tyo A, Poddighe D. Comparison between SARS-CoV-2 positive and negative pneumonia in children: A retrospective analysis at the beginning of the pandemic. World J Exp Med 2022; 12:26-35. [PMID: 35433317 PMCID: PMC8968470 DOI: 10.5493/wjem.v12.i2.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Even though coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) clinical course in children is much milder than in adults, pneumonia can occur in the pediatric population as well. Here, we reported a single-center pediatric case series of COVID-19 from Kazakhstan during the first wave of pandemic.
AIM To analyze the main clinical and laboratory aspects in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) positive and negative children diagnosed with pneumonia.
METHODS This is a retrospective analysis of 54 children, who were medically assessed as close contacts of COVID-19 adults in their family setting, between June and September 2020. These children were all hospitalized: We compared the clinical and laboratory characteristics of children affected with pneumonia in the presence (group 1) or absence (group 2) of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
RESULTS Overall, the main clinical manifestations at the admission were fever, cough, loss of appetite, fatigue/weakness, nasal congestion and/or rhinorrhea, and dyspnea. Based on the SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test, 24 positive children with pneumonia (group 1) and 20 negative children with pneumonia (group 2) were identified; 10 positive children did not show any radiological findings of pneumonia. No significant differences were found between the two pneumonia study groups for any clinical and laboratory parameters, except for C-reactive protein (CRP). Of course, both pneumonia groups showed increased CRP values; however, the COVID-19 pneumonia group 1 showed a significantly higher increase of CRP compared to group 2.
CONCLUSION In our case series of children assessed for SARS-CoV-2 infection based on contact tracing, the acute inflammatory response and, in detail, CRP increase resulted to be more pronounced in COVID-19 children with pneumonia than in children with SARS-CoV-2-unrelated pneumonia. However, because of multiple limitations of this study, larger, controlled and more complete clinical studies are needed to verify this finding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adil Zhamankulov
- Department of Children's diseases, Astana Medical University, First Children's Municipal Hospital, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Rafail Rozenson
- Department of Children's diseases, Astana Medical University, First Children's Municipal Hospital, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Marina Morenko
- Department of Children's diseases, Astana Medical University, First Children's Municipal Hospital, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Ulzhan Akhmetova
- Department of Children's diseases, Astana Medical University, First Children's Municipal Hospital, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Alina Tyo
- Department of Children's diseases, Astana Medical University, First Children's Municipal Hospital, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Dimitri Poddighe
- Clinical Academic Department of Pediatrics, National Research Center for Maternal and Child Health, University Medical Center, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Endo T, Takemae H, Sharma I, Furuya T. Multipurpose Drugs Active Against Both Plasmodium spp. and Microorganisms: Potential Application for New Drug Development. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:797509. [PMID: 35004357 PMCID: PMC8740689 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.797509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria, a disease caused by the protozoan parasites Plasmodium spp., is still causing serious problems in endemic regions in the world. Although the WHO recommends artemisinin combination therapies for the treatment of malaria patients, the emergence of artemisinin-resistant parasites has become a serious issue and underscores the need for the development of new antimalarial drugs. On the other hand, new and re-emergences of infectious diseases, such as the influenza pandemic, Ebola virus disease, and COVID-19, are urging the world to develop effective chemotherapeutic agents against the causative viruses, which are not achieved to the desired level yet. In this review article, we describe existing drugs which are active against both Plasmodium spp. and microorganisms including viruses, bacteria, and fungi. We also focus on the current knowledge about the mechanism of actions of these drugs. Our major aims of this article are to describe examples of drugs that kill both Plasmodium parasites and other microbes and to provide valuable information to help find new ideas for developing novel drugs, rather than merely augmenting already existing drug repurposing efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Endo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Infectious Diseases, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Takemae
- Center for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Indu Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, VA, United States
| | - Tetsuya Furuya
- Laboratory of Veterinary Infectious Diseases, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Yamamoto K, Hosogaya N, Sakamoto N, Yoshida H, Ishii H, Yatera K, Izumikawa K, Yanagihara K, Mukae H. Efficacy of clarithromycin in patients with mild COVID-19 pneumonia not receiving oxygen administration: protocol for an exploratory, multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial (CAME COVID-19 study). BMJ Open 2021; 11:e053325. [PMID: 34548368 PMCID: PMC8458001 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic has emerged worldwide. Although several medications have been approved for treating moderate-to-severe COVID-19, very few treatment strategy has been established for patients with mild COVID-19 who do not require oxygen administration. Clarithromycin is a macrolide antimicrobial agent that has been widely used for bacterial respiratory infectious diseases. Clarithromycin also acts an immunomodulating drug and suppresses cytokine storms in viral respiratory diseases, including influenza. In this study, we aim to evaluate the efficacy of clarithromycin in patients with mild COVID-19. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This is an exploratory, multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial. This study was initiated in May 2021 and will end in July 2022. Patients with mild COVID-19 pneumonia who do not require oxygen administration will be enrolled and randomly assigned in a 1:1:1 ratio to group A (administration of clarithromycin 800 mg/day), group B (administration of clarithromycin 400 mg/day) or group C (standard treatment without clarithromycin). The planned number of enrolled patients is 60 (20 patients × three groups). The primary endpoint is the number of days required to improve the clinical symptoms as measured by the severity score. Secondary endpoints include days for recovery of the body temperature, proportion of patients with oxygen administration, inflammatory cytokines, viral load, serum immunoglobulins, peripheral blood lymphocytes, blood biomarkers and pneumonia infiltrations. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study protocol was approved by the Clinical Research Review Board of Nagasaki University in accordance with the Clinical Trials Act in Japan. The study will be conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, the Clinical Trials Act and other current legal regulations in Japan. Written informed consent will be obtained from all the participants. The results of this study will be reported as journal publications. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER jRCTs071210011.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuko Yamamoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
- Clinical Research Center, National Organization Hospital Nagasaki Medical Center, Omura, Japan
| | - Naoki Hosogaya
- Clinical Research Center, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Noriho Sakamoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Haruo Yoshida
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ishii
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yatera
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Koichi Izumikawa
- Infection Control and Education Center, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Katsunori Yanagihara
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mukae
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gopi P, Anju TR, Pillai VS, Veettil M. SARS-Coronavirus 2, A Metabolic Reprogrammer: A Review in the Context of the Possible Therapeutic Strategies. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 23:770-781. [PMID: 34533443 DOI: 10.2174/1389450122666210917113842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 is advancing at a staggering pace to devastate the health care system and foster the concerns over public health. In contrast to the past outbreaks, coronaviruses aren't clinging themselves as a strict respiratory virus. Rather, becoming a multifaceted virus, it affects multiple organs by interrupting a number of metabolic pathways leading to significant rates of morbidity and mortality. Following infection they rigorously reprogram multiple metabolic pathways of glucose, lipid, protein, nucleic acid and their metabolites to extract adequate energy and carbon skeletons required for their existence and further molecular constructions inside a host cell. Although the mechanism of these alterations are yet to be known, the impact of these reprogramming is reflected in the hyper inflammatory responses, so called cytokine storm and the hindrance of host immune defence system. The metabolic reprogramming during SARS-CoV-2 infection needs to be considered while devising therapeutic strategies to combat the disease and its further complication. The inhibitors of cholesterol and phospholipids synthesis and cell membrane lipid raft of the host cell can, to a great extent, control the viral load and further infection. Depletion of energy source by inhibiting the activation of glycolytic and hexoseamine biosynthetic pathway can also augment the antiviral therapy. The cross talk between these pathways also necessitates the inhibition of amino acid catabolism and tryptophan metabolism. A combinatorial strategy which can address the cross talks between the metabolic pathways might be more effective than a single approach and the infection stage and timing of therapy will also influence the effectiveness of the antiviral approach. We herein focus on the different metabolic alterations during the course of virus infection that help to exploit the cellular machinery and devise a therapeutic strategy which promotes resistance to viral infection and can augment body's antivirulence mechanisms. This review may cast the light into the possibilities of targeting altered metabolic pathways to defend virus infection in a new perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Poornima Gopi
- Department of Biotechnology, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin 682022, Kerala, India
| | - T R Anju
- Department of Biotechnology, Newman College, Thodupuzha 685585, Kerala, India
| | - Vinod Soman Pillai
- Department of Biotechnology, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin 682022, Kerala, India
| | - Mohanan Veettil
- Institute of Advanced Virology, Thonnakkal, Thiruvananthapuram 695317, Kerala, India
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Rashad A, Nafady A, Hassan MH, Mansour H, Taya U, Bazeed SES, Aref ZF, Sayed MAA, Nafady-Hego H, Abdelmaksoud AA. Therapeutic efficacy of macrolides in management of patients with mild COVID-19. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16361. [PMID: 34381155 PMCID: PMC8357809 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95900-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence on the efficacy of adding macrolides (azithromycin or clarithromycin) to the treatment regimen for COVID-19 is limited. We testify whether adding azithromycin or clarithromycin to a standard of care regimen was superior to standard of supportive care alone in patients with mild COVID-19.This randomized trial included three groups of patients with COVID-19. The azithromycin group included, 107 patients who received azithromycin 500 mg/24 h for 7 days, the clarithromycin group included 99 patients who received clarithromycin 500 /12 h for 7 days, and the control group included 99 patients who received standard care only. All three groups received only symptomatic treatment for control of fever and cough .Clinical and biochemical evaluations of the study participants including assessment of the symptoms duration, real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR), C-reactive protein (CRP), serum ferritin, D-dimer, complete blood count (CBC), in addition to non-contrast chest computed tomography (CT), were performed. The overall results revealed significant early improvement of symptoms (fever, dyspnea and cough) in patients treated with either azithromycin or clarithromycin compared to control group, also there was significant early conversion of SARS-CoV-2 PCR to negative in patients treated with either azithromycin or clarithromycin compared to control group (p < 0.05 for all).There was no significant difference in time to improvement of fever, cough, dyspnea, anosmia, gastrointestinal tract "GIT" symptoms and time to PCR negative conversion between patients treated with azithromycin compared to patients treated with clarithromycin (p > 0.05 for all). Follow up chest CT done after 2 weeks of start of treatment showed significant improvement in patients treated with either azithromycin or clarithromycin compared to control group (p < 0.05 for all).Adding Clarithromycin or azithromycin to the therapeutic protocols for COVID-19 could be beneficial for early control of fever and early PCR negative conversion in Mild COVID-19.Trial registration: (NCT04622891) www.ClinicalTrials.gov retrospectively registered (November 10, 2020).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Rashad
- Department of Chest Diseases and Tuberculosis, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley-University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Nafady
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.,Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Mohammed H Hassan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt.
| | - Haggagy Mansour
- Department of Chest Diseases and Tuberculosis, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley-University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Usama Taya
- ENT Department, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Shamardan Ezzeldin S Bazeed
- Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology Department, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Zaki F Aref
- ENT Department, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | | | - Hanaa Nafady-Hego
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
A Water-Soluble Antibiotic in Rhubarb Stalk Shows an Unusual Pattern of Multiple Zones of Inhibition and Preferentially Kills Slow-Growing Bacteria. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10080951. [PMID: 34439001 PMCID: PMC8389023 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10080951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic extract of Rhubarb (Rheum officinale) roots is known to have several medicinal uses. However, not much research has been done with the rhubarb stalk. The aim of this research is to evaluate the anti-bacterial and anti-proliferative effects of the aqueous extract from rhubarb stalks. The crude aqueous extract was further purified using anion exchange and gel filtration. The purified compound demonstrated broad spectrum antibacterial activity against the Gram-negative bacteria, E. coli and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Gram-positive bacteria, S. aureus. A time-kill assay demonstrated that the antibiotic has strong bactericidal activity. It also has anti-proliferative action against the breast cancer cell line MCF-7 with no cytotoxicity, although the crude extract had a significant cytotoxic effect. The antibiotic activity, as measured by the diameter of the zone of inhibition, increased by several fold in low nutrient and/or low salt agar, suggesting that the antibiotic preferentially kills slow-growing bacteria. The antibiotic also gives an unusual pattern of multiple zones of inhibition in which several zones of cell growth are seen within the zone of inhibition. In conclusion, the active component in the aqueous extract of rhubarb stalk has great potential as a strong bactericidal antibiotic and as an anti-proliferative drug.
Collapse
|
24
|
Haneczok J, Delijewski M. Machine learning enabled identification of potential SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro inhibitors based on fixed molecular fingerprints and Graph-CNN neural representations. J Biomed Inform 2021; 119:103821. [PMID: 34052441 PMCID: PMC8159673 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2021.103821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Aim Rapidly developing AI and machine learning (ML) technologies can expedite therapeutic development and in the time of current pandemic their merits are particularly in focus. The purpose of this study was to explore various ML approaches for molecular property prediction and illustrate their utility for identifying potential SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro inhibitors. Materials and methods We perform a series of drug discovery screenings based on supervised ML models operating in different ways on molecular representations, encompassing shallow learning methods based on fixed molecular fingerprints, Graph Convolutional Neural Network (Graph-CNN) with its self-learned molecular representations, as well as ML methods based on combining fixed and Graph-CNN learned representations. Results Results of our ML models are compared both with respect to the aggregated predictive performance in terms of ROC-AUC based on the scaffold splits, as well as on the granular level of individual predictions, corresponding to the top ranked repurposing candidates. This comparison reveals both certain characteristic homogeneity regarding chemical and pharmacological classification, with a prevalence of sulfonamides and anticancer drugs, as well as identifies novel groups of potential drug candidates against COVID-19. Conclusions A series of ML approaches for molecular property prediction enables drug discovery screenings, illustrating the utility for COVID-19. We show that the obtained results correspond well with the already published research on COVID-19 treatment, as well as provide novel insights on potential antiviral characteristics inferred from in vitro data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcin Delijewski
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Galvez J, Zanni R, Galvez-Llompart M, Benlloch JM. Macrolides May Prevent Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Entry into Cells: A Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship Study and Experimental Validation. J Chem Inf Model 2021; 61:2016-2025. [PMID: 33734704 PMCID: PMC7986980 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.0c01394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The global pandemic caused by the emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is threatening the health and economic systems worldwide. Despite the enormous efforts of scientists and clinicians around the world, there is still no drug or vaccine available worldwide for the treatment and prevention of the infection. A rapid strategy for the identification of new treatments is based on repurposing existing clinically approved drugs that show antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this study, after developing a quantitative structure activity relationship analysis based on molecular topology, several macrolide antibiotics are identified as promising SARS-CoV-2 spike protein inhibitors. To confirm the in silico results, the best candidates were tested against two human coronaviruses (i.e., 229E-GFP and SARS-CoV-2) in cell culture. Time-of-addition experiments and a surrogate model of viral cell entry were used to identify the steps in the virus life cycle inhibited by the compounds. Infection experiments demonstrated that azithromycin, clarithromycin, and lexithromycin reduce the intracellular accumulation of viral RNA and virus spread as well as prevent virus-induced cell death, by inhibiting the SARS-CoV-2 entry into cells. Even though the three macrolide antibiotics display a narrow antiviral activity window against SARS-CoV-2, it may be of interest to further investigate their effect on the viral spike protein and their potential in combination therapies for the coronavirus disease 19 early stage of infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Galvez
- Molecular Topology and Drug Design
Unit, Department of Physical Chemistry, Universitat de
Valencia, Burjassot 46100,
Spain
| | - Riccardo Zanni
- Molecular Topology and Drug Design
Unit, Department of Physical Chemistry, Universitat de
Valencia, Burjassot 46100,
Spain
| | - Maria Galvez-Llompart
- Molecular Topology and Drug Design
Unit, Department of Physical Chemistry, Universitat de
Valencia, Burjassot 46100,
Spain
- Instituto de Tecnología
Química, UPV-CSIC, Universidad Politícnica
de Valencia, Valencia 46022,
Spain
| | - Jose Maria Benlloch
- Instituto de Instrumentación para
Imagen Molecular, Centro Mixto CSIC—Universitat
Politècnica de València, Valencia
46022, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Delijewski M, Haneczok J. AI drug discovery screening for COVID-19 reveals zafirlukast as a repurposing candidate. MEDICINE IN DRUG DISCOVERY 2021; 9:100077. [PMID: 33521623 PMCID: PMC7836294 DOI: 10.1016/j.medidd.2020.100077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Over the past few years, AI has been considered as potential important area for improving drug development and in the current urgent need to fight the global COVID-19 pandemic new technologies are even more in focus with the hope to speed up this process. The purpose of our study was to identify the best repurposing candidates among FDA-approved drugs, based on their predicted antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2. MATERIALS AND METHODS This article describes a drug discovery screening based on a supervised machine learning model, trained on in vitro data encoded in chemical fingerprints, representing particular molecular substructures. Predictive performance of our model has been evaluated using so-called scaffold splits offering a state-of-the-art setup for assessing model's ability to generalize to new chemical spaces, critical for drug repurposing applications. KEY FINDINGS Our study identified zafirlukast as the best repurposing candidate for COVID-19. SIGNIFICANCE Zafirlukast could be potent against COVID-19 both due to its predicted antiviral properties and its ability to attenuate the so called cytokine storm. Thus, these two critical mechanisms of action may be combined in one drug as a novel and promising pharmacotherapy in the current pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Delijewski
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Parisi GF, Indolfi C, Decimo F, Leonardi S, Miraglia del Giudice M. Neumonía por COVID-19 en niños: De su etiología a su manejo. KOMPASS NEUMOLOGÍA 2021. [PMCID: PMC8089434 DOI: 10.1159/000516059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
El COVID-19 es menos serio en niños que en adultos. Sin embargo, las afecciones respiratorias dominan el cuadro clínico de pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19, aun en niños. En algunas series de casos, el deterioro del estado clínico, donde la disnea, la cianosis y el inicio del síndrome de dificultad respiratoria aguda (SDRA) emergieron ∼8–10 días después del inicio de la infección por SARS-CoV-2, pudo progresar rápidamente hasta la falla multiorgánica y la muerte. Esta revisión tiene como objetivo evaluar las características de la neumonía por COVID-19 en poblaciones pediátricas, comenzando con su etiología y sus mecanismos patológicos, para cerrar con su manejo clínico.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Fabio Parisi
- Departamento de Medicina Clínica y Experimental, Universidad de Catania, Catania, Italia
| | - Cristiana Indolfi
- Departamento de Mujeres, Niños y Cirugía Especializada, Universidad de Campania «Luigi Vanvitelli», Nápoles, Italia
| | - Fabio Decimo
- Departamento de Mujeres, Niños y Cirugía Especializada, Universidad de Campania «Luigi Vanvitelli», Nápoles, Italia
| | - Salvatore Leonardi
- Departamento de Medicina Clínica y Experimental, Universidad de Catania, Catania, Italia
| | - Michele Miraglia del Giudice
- Departamento de Mujeres, Niños y Cirugía Especializada, Universidad de Campania «Luigi Vanvitelli», Nápoles, Italia
- * Ass. Prof. Dr. Michele Miraglia del Giudice,
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Lardone RD, Garay YC, Parodi P, de la Fuente S, Angeloni G, Bravo EO, Schmider AK, Irazoqui FJ. How glycobiology can help us treat and beat the COVID-19 pandemic. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100375. [PMID: 33548227 PMCID: PMC7857991 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged during the last months of 2019, spreading throughout the world as a highly transmissible infectious illness designated as COVID-19. Vaccines have now appeared, but the challenges in producing sufficient material and distributing them around the world means that effective treatments to limit infection and improve recovery are still urgently needed. This review focuses on the relevance of different glycobiological molecules that could potentially serve as or inspire therapeutic tools during SARS-CoV-2 infection. As such, we highlight the glycobiology of the SARS-CoV-2 infection process, where glycans on viral proteins and on host glycosaminoglycans have critical roles in efficient infection. We also take notice of the glycan-binding proteins involved in the infective capacity of virus and in human defense. In addition, we critically evaluate the glycobiological contribution of candidate drugs for COVID-19 therapy such as glycans for vaccines, anti-glycan antibodies, recombinant lectins, lectin inhibitors, glycosidase inhibitors, polysaccharides, and numerous glycosides, emphasizing some opportunities to repurpose FDA-approved drugs. For the next-generation drugs suggested here, biotechnological engineering of new probes to block the SARS-CoV-2 infection might be based on the essential glycobiological insight on glycosyltransferases, glycans, glycan-binding proteins, and glycosidases related to this pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo D Lardone
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba, CIQUIBIC, CONICET and Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Yohana C Garay
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba, CIQUIBIC, CONICET and Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Pedro Parodi
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba, CIQUIBIC, CONICET and Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Sofia de la Fuente
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba, CIQUIBIC, CONICET and Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Genaro Angeloni
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba, CIQUIBIC, CONICET and Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Eduardo O Bravo
- Medicina Interna, Nuevo Hospital San Roque, Ministerio de Salud de la Provincia de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Anneke K Schmider
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Psychiatrische Klinik Lüneburg, Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Fernando J Irazoqui
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba, CIQUIBIC, CONICET and Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Parisi GF, Indolfi C, Decimo F, Leonardi S, Miraglia del Giudice M. COVID-19 Pneumonia in Children: From Etiology to Management. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:616622. [PMID: 33381482 PMCID: PMC7767924 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.616622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is less serious in children than in adults. However, respiratory management dominates the clinical picture of hospitalized COVID-19 even in children. In some case series, deterioration of the clinical picture wherein dyspnea, cyanosis, and the onset of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) emerged ~8-10 days after the onset of SARS-CoV-2 infection, which could rapidly progress to multiple organ failure and death. This review aimed to evaluate the characteristics of COVID-19 pneumonia in pediatric populations, beginning from its etiology and pathological mechanisms and closing with its clinical management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Fabio Parisi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Cristiana Indolfi
- Department of Woman, Child and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabio Decimo
- Department of Woman, Child and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Salvatore Leonardi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|