1
|
Knudsen JK, Bundgaard-Nielsen C, Leutscher P, Hjerrild S, Nielsen RE, Sørensen S. Differences in bacterial taxa between treatment-naive patients with major depressive disorder and non-affected controls may be related to a proinflammatory profile. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:84. [PMID: 38297265 PMCID: PMC10832199 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05547-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by sadness and anhedonia, but also physical symptoms such as changes in appetite and weight. Gut microbiota has been hypothesized to be involved in MDD through gut-brain axis signaling. Moreover, antidepressants display antibacterial properties in the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this study was to compare the gut microbiota and systemic inflammatory profile of young patients with MDD before and after initiation of antidepressant treatment and/or psychotherapy in comparison with a non-depressed control group (nonMDD). METHODS Fecal and blood samples were collected at baseline and at follow-up after four and twelve weeks, respectively. Patients started treatment immediately after collection of the baseline samples. The gut microbiota was characterized by 16 S rRNA gene sequencing targeting the hypervariable V4 region. Plasma levels of 49 unique immune markers were assessed using Mesoscale. RESULTS In total, 27 MDD patients and 32 nonMDD controls were included in the study. The gut microbiota in the baseline samples of MDD versus nonMDD participants did not differ regarding α- or β-diversity. However, there was a higher relative abundance of the genera Ruminococcus gnavus group, and a lower relative abundance of the genera Desulfovibrio, Tyzzerella, Megamonas, Olsenella, Gordonibacter, Allisonella and Rothia in the MDD group compared to the nonMDD group. In the MDD group, there was an increase in the genera Rothia, Desulfovibrio, Gordinobacteer and Lactobacillus, while genera belonging to the Firmicutes phylum were found depleted at twelve weeks follow-up compared to baseline. In the MDD group, IL-7, IL-8 and IL-17b levels were elevated compared to the nonMDD group at baseline. Furthermore, MDI score in the MDD group was found to correlate with Bray-Curtis dissimilarity at baseline, and several inflammatory markers at both baseline and after initiation of antidepressant treatment. CONCLUSION Several bacterial taxa differed between the MDD group and the nonMDD group at baseline and changed in relative abundance during antidepressant treatment and/or psychotherapy. The MDD group was furthermore found to have a pro-inflammatory profile compared to the nonMDD group at baseline. Further studies are required to investigate the gut microbiota and pro-inflammatory profile of patients with MDD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Kristine Knudsen
- Centre for Clinical Research, North Denmark Regional Hospital, Bispensgade 37, Hjørring, 9800, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Caspar Bundgaard-Nielsen
- Centre for Clinical Research, North Denmark Regional Hospital, Bispensgade 37, Hjørring, 9800, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Peter Leutscher
- Centre for Clinical Research, North Denmark Regional Hospital, Bispensgade 37, Hjørring, 9800, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center North Denmark, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Simon Hjerrild
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - René Ernst Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Psychiatry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Suzette Sørensen
- Centre for Clinical Research, North Denmark Regional Hospital, Bispensgade 37, Hjørring, 9800, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
- Steno Diabetes Center North Denmark, Aalborg, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sarmin N, Roknuzzaman ASM, Mouree TZ, Islam MR, Al Mahmud Z. Evaluation of serum interleukin-12 and interleukin-4 as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of major depressive disorder. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1652. [PMID: 38238514 PMCID: PMC10796357 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51932-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, scientists have focused on pro-inflammatory cytokines and immunological dysregulation in major depressive disorder (MDD). Some research suggests pro-inflammatory cytokines' role in MDD development, whereas anti-inflammatory studies are sparse. There is no systematic investigation of Bangladeshi MDD patients' pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. This study examines the blood levels of IL-12 and IL-4 in Bangladeshi patients and healthy controls (HCs) to determine the diagnostic accuracy of these cytokines to identify MDD patients from those without MDD. A total of 110 people with MDD from the department of psychiatry of a teaching hospital in Dhaka and 107 HCs from Dhaka participated in this case-control study. Depression and illness severity were gauged using DSM-5 criteria and Ham-D scores. Commercially marketed ELISA kits were used in accordance with manufacturer guidelines to measure the levels of IL-12 and IL-4 in peripheral blood, allowing a comparison of the patient and control groups. In comparison to HCs, MDD patients (5333.00 ± 307.40 pg/ml) showed noticeably higher levels of IL-12 than in HCs (2331.00 ± 207.40 pg/ml). The increased levels were positively correlated with Ham-D scores (male: r = 0.351, p < 0.050; female: r = 0.389, p < 0.050), suggesting a possible relationship to disease progression. Additionally, compared to HCs (272.81 ± 23.94 pg/ml), MDD patients had significantly higher peripheral blood levels of IL-4 (876.35 ± 66.73 pg/ml) (p < 0.001). Also, there was a positive correlation between IL-4 serum levels and Ham-D scores (male: r = 0.361, p < 0.050; female: r = 0.398, p < 0.050). Therefore, we observed increased levels of these serum cytokines and their association with the severity of depression. The results of this study demonstrate the possibility of IL-12 and IL-4 blood levels as distinct markers capable of differentiating between MDD patients and HCs, possibly acting as markers of MDD susceptibility. To ascertain the diagnostic effectiveness of these two cytokines, more research is necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nisat Sarmin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - A S M Roknuzzaman
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Tashfiya Zaman Mouree
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md Rabiul Islam
- School of Pharmacy, BRAC University, KHA 224, Progati Sarani, Merul Badda, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh.
| | - Zobaer Al Mahmud
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nahar Z, Nowshin DT, Roknuzzaman ASM, Sohan M, Islam S, Qusar MMAS, Islam MR. Serum levels of interleukin-33 and mesencephalic astrocyte derived neurotrophic factors in patients with major depressive disorder: a cross-sectional comparative design. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:47. [PMID: 38216957 PMCID: PMC10785548 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05463-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a debilitating health condition that has significant morbidity and mortality rates. Depression can be caused due to social, biological, environmental, psychological, and genetic factors. A few biological processes have been proposed as the pathophysiological pathways of depression. Neurotrophic factors and inflammatory cytokines have been linked to depression. Thus, we aimed to investigate the serum interleukin-33 (IL-33) and mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) in MDD patients and corresponding healthy controls (HCs). METHOD This study involved the inclusion of 129 MDD patients and 125 HCs matched by sex and age. A psychiatrist evaluated the study participants following DSM-5 criteria. The severity of the illness was assessed utilizing the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (Ham-D). The serum concentrations of IL-33 and MANF were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. RESULTS The mean serum levels of IL-33 were decreased (159.12 ± 6.07 pg/ml vs. 180.60 ± 8.64 pg/ml, p = 0.042), and the MANF levels were increased (5.40 ± 0.19 ng/ml vs. 4.46 ± 0.21 ng/ml, p = 0.001) in MDD patients when compared to HCs. CONCLUSIONS The current study proposes that lower IL-33 and higher MANF serum levels are associated with MDD progression and depression severity. These biomarkers could be used as risk assessment tools for MDD. We recommend more investigation, including a significant population, to determine the precise function of IL-33 and MANF in depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zabun Nahar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Delruba Tabassum Nowshin
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - A S M Roknuzzaman
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Sohan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Salsabil Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - M M A Shalahuddin Qusar
- Department of Psychiatry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Shahabagh, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md Rabiul Islam
- School of Pharmacy, BRAC University, KHA 224, Progati Sarani, 1212, Merul Badda, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jelen LA, Young AH, Mehta MA. Opioid Mechanisms and the Treatment of Depression. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2024; 66:67-99. [PMID: 37923934 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2023_448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Opioid receptors are widely expressed in the brain, and the opioid system has a key role in modulating mood, reward processing and stress responsivity. There is mounting evidence that the endogenous opioid system may be dysregulated in depression and that drug treatments targeting mu, delta and kappa opioid receptors may show antidepressant potential. The mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of opioid system engagement are complex and likely multi-factorial. This chapter explores various pathways through which the modulation of the opioid system may influence depression. These include impacts on monoaminergic systems, the regulation of stress and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, the immune system and inflammation, brain-derived neurotrophic factors, neurogenesis and neuroplasticity, social pain and social reward, as well as expectancy and placebo effects. A greater understanding of the diverse mechanisms through which opioid system modulation may improve depressive symptoms could ultimately aid in the development of safe and effective alternative treatments for individuals with difficult-to-treat depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luke A Jelen
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
| | - Allan H Young
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Mitul A Mehta
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nayem J, Sarker R, Roknuzzaman ASM, Qusar MMAS, Raihan SZ, Islam MR, Mahmud ZA. Altered serum TNF-α and MCP-4 levels are associated with the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder: A case-control study results. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294288. [PMID: 37967104 PMCID: PMC10651034 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a debilitating mental health condition with complex etiology, and recent research has focused on pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines as potential contributors to its pathogenesis. However, studies investigating the roles of TNF-α and MCP-4 in MDD within the Bangladeshi population are scarce. This study aimed to assess the association between serum TNF-α and MCP-4 levels and the severity of MDD, exploring their potential as risk indicators for MDD development. METHODS This case-control study enrolled 58 MDD patients from Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, alongside 30 age, sex, and BMI-matched healthy controls. MDD diagnosis followed DSM-5 criteria and disease severity using the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (Ham-D). We measured serum TNF-α and MCP-4 levels using ELISA assays according to the supplied protocols. RESULTS The study revealed significantly elevated serum TNF-α levels in MDD patients (47±6.6 pg/ml, mean±SEM) compared to controls (28.06±1.07 pg/ml). These increased TNF-α levels positively correlated with Ham-D scores (Pearson's r = 0.300, p = 0.038), suggesting a potential association between peripheral TNF-α levels and MDD pathology. Additionally, MDD patients exhibited significantly higher serum MCP-4 levels (70.49±6.45 pg/ml) than controls (40.21±4.08 pg/ml). However, serum MCP-4 levels showed a significant negative correlation (r = -0.270, P = 0.048) with Ham-D scores in MDD patients, indicating a more complex role for MCP-4 in MDD pathogenesis. CONCLUSION This study highlights that Bangladeshi MDD patients exhibit heightened inflammatory and immune responses compared to controls, supporting the cytokine hypothesis in MDD pathogenesis. Serum TNF-α, but not MCP-4, shows promise as a potential biomarker for assessing the risk of MDD development, which could aid in early detection. Future investigations involving larger populations and longitudinal studies are essential to confirm the utility of these cytokines as biomarkers for MDD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jannatul Nayem
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rapty Sarker
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Sheikh Zahir Raihan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Zobaer Al Mahmud
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Akter S, Emon FA, Nahar Z, Shalahuddin Qusar M, Islam SMA, Shahriar M, Bhuiyan MA, Islam MR. Altered IL-3 and lipocalin-2 levels are associated with the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder: a case-control study. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:830. [PMID: 37957650 PMCID: PMC10644478 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05354-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a common mental ailment and is the primary reason for disability. It manifests a severe impact on moods, thoughts, and physical health. At present, this disorder has become a concern in the field of public health. Alteration of neurochemicals is thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of many psychiatric disorders. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate serum IL-3 and lipocalin-2 in MDD patients and healthy controls (HCs). METHOD We included a total of 376 participants in this study. Among them, 196 were MDD patients, and 180 were age-sex-matched HCs. MDD patients were recruited from the Psychiatry Department of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), but the controls were from different parts of Dhaka. All study participants were evaluated by a psychiatrist using the DSM-5 criteria. To assess the severity of the depression, we used the Hamilton depression (Ham-D) rating scale. Serum IL-3 and lipocalin-2 levels were measured using commercially available enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay kits (ELISA kits). RESULTS According to this study, we observed elevated serum levels of IL-3 (1,024.73 ± 29.84 pg/mL) and reduced levels of serum lipocalin-2 (29.019 ± 2.073 ng/mL) in MDD patients compared to HCs (911.11 ± 20.55 pg/mL and 48.065 ± 3.583 ng/mL, respectively). No associations between serum levels of IL-3 and lipocalin-2 and depression severity were observed in patients. CONCLUSIONS According to the present findings, alterations of serum IL-3 and lipocalin might be associated with the pathogenesis of MDD. These results support that altered serum neurochemicals can serve as early risk assessment markers for depression. Further interventional studies are recommended for a better understanding of the role of IL-3 and lipocalin-2 in the pathophysiology of depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarmin Akter
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Faisal Abdullah Emon
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Zabun Nahar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Mma Shalahuddin Qusar
- Department of Psychiatry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Shahabagh, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | | | - Mohammad Shahriar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Mohiuddin Ahmed Bhuiyan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Rabiul Islam
- School of Pharmacy, BRAC University, 66 Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sarker R, Qusar MMAS, Islam SMA, Bhuiyan MA, Islam MR. Association of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-17 levels with obsessive-compulsive disorder: a case-control study findings. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18976. [PMID: 37923827 PMCID: PMC10624891 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46401-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental condition that affects many people and is characterized by recurring obsessions and compulsions. It significantly impacts individuals' ability to function ordinarily daily, affecting people of all ages. This study aimed to investigate whether or not the cytokines granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-17 (IL-17) are involved in the pathophysiology of OCD. A case-control study with 50 OCD patients and 38 healthy volunteers served as the controls for this investigation. The levels of GM-CSF and IL-17 in the serum of both groups were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. In addition, the sociodemographic characteristics of the population under study were studied. Based on the findings of this study, OCD patients had significantly elevated levels of IL-17 than the controls, it appears that there may be a function for IL-17 in the pathophysiology of OCD. It was also discovered that the severity of OCD and IL-17 levels had a significant positive correlation. On the other hand, when comparing the levels of GM-CSF, there was no significant difference between the patients and the controls. This study provides evidence supporting the involvement of cytokine IL-17 in the pathophysiology of OCD. This study suggests IL-17 as a diagnostic biomarker for OCD and adds to our knowledge of the function that the immune system plays in this condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rapty Sarker
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - M M A Shalahuddin Qusar
- Department of Psychiatry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Shahabagh, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | | | - Mohiuddin Ahmed Bhuiyan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Rabiul Islam
- School of Pharmacy, BRAC University, 66 Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nahar Z, Monisha ST, Qusar MMAS, Islam MR. Evaluation of serum interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist levels in major depressive disorder: A case‐control study. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1175. [PMID: 37008817 PMCID: PMC10050969 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by the occurrence of one or more depressive episodes lasting a minimum of 2 weeks and is marked by a persistently low mood and a lack of enjoyment in daily activities. The diagnosis of MDD is not possible by a well‐established laboratory test or biomarker. A wide range of potential biomarkers for depression have been proposed by many studies, but none of them has adequately described the correlation between the biomarkers and depression. The purpose of this study was to evaluate serum interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist (IL‐1RA) levels as an early depression risk factor. Methods The present case‐control study included 88 participants. Among them, 44 MDD patients enrolled from the psychiatry department of a public hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh, and 44 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls (HCs) from various sites in Dhaka city. A qualified psychiatrist evaluated the cases and HCs based on the fifth edition of the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM‐5). The Hamilton depression (Ham‐D) rating scale was employed to evaluate the intensity of depression. An enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay kit (Boster Bio, USA) was used to determine serum IL‐1RA concentrations. Results We observed no marked alteration in the serum concentration of IL‐1RA in MDD patients in comparison to HCs (292.81 ± 24.81 and 288 ± 24.87 pg/mL; p > 0.05). Among MDD patients, we found no noteworthy association between the severity of depression and serum IL‐1RA levels. Conclusion The findings of the present study imply that IL‐1RA may not be identified as a promising biomarker for risk assessment of depression. However, its neuroprotective role may be taken into consideration for the understanding of pathophysiology of MDD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zabun Nahar
- Department of PharmacyUniversity of Asia PacificDhakaBangladesh
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Flores EM, Gouveia FV, Matsumoto M, Bonacif THFS, Kuroki MA, Antunes GF, Campos ACP, Kimachi PP, Campos DO, Simões CM, Sampaio MMC, Andrade FEM, Valverde J, Barros ACSD, Pagano RL, Martinez RCR. One year follow-up on a randomized study investigating serratus anterior muscle and pectoral nerves type I block to reduced neuropathic pain descriptors after mastectomy. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4591. [PMID: 36944694 PMCID: PMC10030852 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31589-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second most common diagnosed type of cancer in women. Chronic neuropathic pain after mastectomy occurs frequently and is a serious health problem. In our previous single-center, prospective, randomized controlled clinical study, we demonstrated that the combination of serratus anterior plane block (SAM) and pectoral nerve block type I (PECS I) with general anesthesia reduced acute postoperative pain. The present report describes a prospective follow-up study of this published study to investigate the development of chronic neuropathic pain 12 months after mastectomy by comparing the use of general anesthesia alone and general anesthesia with SAM + PECS I. Additionally, the use of analgesic medication, quality of life, depressive symptoms, and possible correlations between plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-6, and IL-10 collected before and 24 h after surgery as predictors of pain and depression were evaluated. The results showed that the use of SAM + PECS I with general anesthesia reduced numbness, hypoesthesia to touch, the incidence of patients with chronic pain in other body regions and depressive symptoms, however, did not significantly reduce the incidence of chronic neuropathic pain after mastectomy. Additionally, there was no difference in the consumption of analgesic medication and quality of life. Furthermore, no correlation was observed between IL-1 beta, IL-6, and IL-10 levels and pain and depression. The combination of general anesthesia with SAM + PECS I reduced the occurrence of specific neuropathic pain descriptors and depressive symptoms. These results could promote the use of SAM + PECS I blocks for the prevention of specific neuropathic pain symptoms after mastectomy.Registration of clinical trial: The Research Ethics Board of the Hospital Sirio-Libanes/Brazil approved the study (CAAE 48721715.0.0000.5461). This study is registered at Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clinicos (ReBEC), and ClinicalTrials.gov, Identifier: NCT02647385.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva M Flores
- Division of Neuroscience, Hospital Sirio-Libanes, São Paulo, Brazil
- Anesthesiology Medical Center, Hospital Sirio-Libanes, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flavia V Gouveia
- Division of Neuroscience, Hospital Sirio-Libanes, São Paulo, Brazil
- Neuroscience and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marcio Matsumoto
- Division of Neuroscience, Hospital Sirio-Libanes, São Paulo, Brazil
- Anesthesiology Medical Center, Hospital Sirio-Libanes, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Mayra A Kuroki
- Division of Neuroscience, Hospital Sirio-Libanes, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Pedro P Kimachi
- Division of Neuroscience, Hospital Sirio-Libanes, São Paulo, Brazil
- Anesthesiology Medical Center, Hospital Sirio-Libanes, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diego O Campos
- Division of Neuroscience, Hospital Sirio-Libanes, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudia M Simões
- Division of Neuroscience, Hospital Sirio-Libanes, São Paulo, Brazil
- Anesthesiology Medical Center, Hospital Sirio-Libanes, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - João Valverde
- Division of Neuroscience, Hospital Sirio-Libanes, São Paulo, Brazil
- Anesthesiology Medical Center, Hospital Sirio-Libanes, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Rosana L Pagano
- Division of Neuroscience, Hospital Sirio-Libanes, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raquel C R Martinez
- Division of Neuroscience, Hospital Sirio-Libanes, São Paulo, Brazil.
- LIM/23, Institute of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
- Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa, Hospital Sirio-Libanes, Rua Professor Daher Cutait, 69, São Paulo, SP, 01308-060, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hursitoglu O, Kurutas EB, Strawbridge R, Oner E, Gungor M, Tuman TC, Uygur OF. Serum NOX1 and Raftlin as new potential biomarkers of Major Depressive Disorder: A study in treatment-naive first episode patients. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 121:110670. [PMID: 36341844 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Biological factors are known to be important in understanding the pathogenesis of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation pathways are likely to play a critical role here. METHODS We undertook a study to investigate two novel biomarkers - serum NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX1) and Raftlin levels - in treatment-naive, smoking-free first episode patients with MDD compared to healthy controls (HCs) matched for age, sex and body mass index. RESULTS We found increased NOX1 and Raftlin levels in MDD patients compared to HCs. Both parameters showed very good diagnostic performance in the MDD group. In addition, we found a significant positive correlation between depression severity (HAMD) scores and both biomarker levels in the patient group. CONCLUSION To the best of our knowledge, this is the first human study to evaluate serum NOX1 and Raftlin levels in depression. NOX1, an important source of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and Raftlin, which may play a role in the inflammatory process, represent novel potential biomarkers of MDD. These findings support the implication of oxidative stress and inflammatory processes in patients with MDD, and indicate that the deteriorated ROS-antioxidant balance can be regulated via NOX1 in patients with depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Onur Hursitoglu
- Department of Psychiatry, Sular Academy Hospital, Kahramanmaras, Turkey.
| | - Ergul Belge Kurutas
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | - Rebecca Strawbridge
- Centre for Affective Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Erkan Oner
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Meltem Gungor
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Sanko University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Taha Can Tuman
- Medipol University, Medical Faculty, Department of Psychiatry, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Omer Faruk Uygur
- Ataturk University, Medical Faculty, Department of Psychiatry, Erzurum, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Nass SR, Hahn YK, Ohene-Nyako M, McLane VD, Damaj MI, Thacker LR, Knapp PE, Hauser KF. Depressive-like Behavior Is Accompanied by Prefrontal Cortical Innate Immune Fatigue and Dendritic Spine Losses after HIV-1 Tat and Morphine Exposure. Viruses 2023; 15:v15030590. [PMID: 36992299 PMCID: PMC10052300 DOI: 10.3390/v15030590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Opioid use disorder (OUD) and HIV are comorbid epidemics that can increase depression. HIV and the viral protein Tat can directly induce neuronal injury within reward and emotionality brain circuitry, including the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Such damage involves both excitotoxic mechanisms and more indirect pathways through neuroinflammation, both of which can be worsened by opioid co-exposure. To assess whether excitotoxicity and/or neuroinflammation might drive depressive behaviors in persons infected with HIV (PWH) and those who use opioids, male mice were exposed to HIV-1 Tat for eight weeks, given escalating doses of morphine during the last two weeks, and assessed for depressive-like behavior. Tat expression decreased sucrose consumption and adaptability, whereas morphine administration increased chow consumption and exacerbated Tat-induced decreases in nesting and burrowing—activities associated with well-being. Across all treatment groups, depressive-like behavior correlated with increased proinflammatory cytokines in the PFC. Nevertheless, supporting the theory that innate immune responses adapt to chronic Tat exposure, most proinflammatory cytokines were unaffected by Tat or morphine. Further, Tat increased PFC levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, which were exacerbated by morphine administration. Tat, but not morphine, decreased dendritic spine density on layer V pyramidal neurons in the anterior cingulate. Together, our findings suggest that HIV-1 Tat and morphine differentially induce depressive-like behaviors associated with increased neuroinflammation, synaptic losses, and immune fatigue within the PFC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara R. Nass
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia (MCV) Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0613, USA
| | - Yun K. Hahn
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Medical College of Virginia (MCV) Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0709, USA
| | - Michael Ohene-Nyako
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia (MCV) Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0613, USA
| | - Virginia D. McLane
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia (MCV) Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0613, USA
| | - M. Imad Damaj
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia (MCV) Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0613, USA
| | - Leroy R. Thacker
- Department of Biostatistics, Medical College of Virginia (MCV) Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23219, USA
| | - Pamela E. Knapp
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia (MCV) Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0613, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Medical College of Virginia (MCV) Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0709, USA
- Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Medical College of Virginia (MCV) Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0059, USA
| | - Kurt F. Hauser
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia (MCV) Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0613, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Medical College of Virginia (MCV) Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0709, USA
- Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Medical College of Virginia (MCV) Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0059, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-804-628-7579; Fax: +1-804-828-0676
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Koirala R, Aass HCD, Søegaard EGI, Dhakal HP, Ojha SP, Hauff E, Thapa SB. Association of pro-inflammatory cytokines with trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder visiting a tertiary care hospital in Kathmandu. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281125. [PMID: 36730263 PMCID: PMC9894492 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental disorder that can occur after trauma. Although inflammatory markers such as cytokines are found altered in trauma and PTSD, there is no consensus regarding which can be considered as biomarkers. Studies from South Asia region is also rare. We studied cytokines among trauma affected patients and matched healthy controls. Fifty patients (cases) with trauma, visiting the University hospital in Kathmandu and thirty-nine healthy controls were selected, and the levels of cytokines were determined using a Luminex IS 200. We compared the levels of the cytokines in thirty-four age and gender matched pairs of case and control among three groups: healthy volunteers, cases diagnosed as PTSD, and cases without PTSD. Among the 34 pair-matched cases and controls, IL-6 was significantly higher in both PTSD positive cases [2.43 (0.00-14.54) pg/ml; p = 0.004] and PTSD negative cases [3.00 (0.92-3.86) pg/ml; p = 0.005], than in controls [0.39 (0.00-11.38) pg/ml]. IL-1β was significantly higher in PTSD positive cases [0.17 (0.00-5.27) pg/ml; p = 0.011] than in controls 0.00 (0.00-0.12) pg/ml. Other cytokines did not show significant differences. IL-6 was higher in both the trauma affected groups and IL-1β was higher in the trauma affected group with PTSD when compared to healthy controls. This supports the immune system activation hypothesis after trauma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rishav Koirala
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Brain and Neuroscience Center, Nepal
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Erik Ganesh Iyer Søegaard
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hari Prasad Dhakal
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nepal Cancer Hospital and Research Center, Nepal
| | | | - Edvard Hauff
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Suraj Bahadur Thapa
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, IOM, TUTH, Nepal
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Islam MR, Sohan M, Daria S, Masud AA, Ahmed MU, Roy A, Shahriar M. Evaluation of inflammatory cytokines in drug-naïve major depressive disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2023; 37:3946320231198828. [PMID: 37625799 PMCID: PMC10467201 DOI: 10.1177/03946320231198828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Altered levels of peripheral inflammatory and proinflammatory cytokine markers affect the different clinical stages of major depressive disorder (MDD). A concrete understanding of the causal mechanism of MDD is a prerequisite in developing treatment strategies and preventive plans. Here we aimed to conduct an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of studies assessing the association of C-reactive protein (CRP), INF-γ, MCP-1, and TNF-α in the peripheral fluid of drug-naïve MDD patients and healthy controls (HCs). Methods: We extracted articles from PubMed, ProQuest, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Scopus databases from inception until 14 February 2021, to find relevant studies. In this meta-analysis, we included a total of 23 eligible studies (1,366 MDD patients and 1,342 controls) in the final meta-analysis. The Cochran's chi-square Q-test and I2-index were applied to measure the heterogeneity and inconsistency of all combined results. We selected a random-effect model during the analysis and measured publication biases using the funnel plot. We performed Bonferroni adjustment for multiple testing. Results: We found a high level of TNF-α in MDD patients than in control subjects Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) with a random-effects model: 1.04, 95% CI: 0.69-1.39, z = 5.84, p < 0.001). The levels of CRP (SMD with a random-effects model: 0.18, 95% CI: -0.85-1.23, z = 0.35, p = 0.73), INF-ɤ (SMD with a random-effects model: -0.05, 95% CI: -2.72-2.62, z = 0.03, p = 0.97), and MCP-1 (SMD with a random-effects model: 0.70, 95% CI: -0.09-1.49, z = 1.73, p = 0.08) were not significantly varies between MDD patients and HCs. Conclusion: The present study findings suggest the upregulated level of peripheral TNF-α but not CRP, INF-γ, and MCP-1 involve in depression. The elevated inflammatory cytokines confirmed the inflammatory state of depression. Therefore, inflammatory cytokines might serve as potential risk assessment markers in MDD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Rabiul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- School of Pharmacy, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Sohan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sohel Daria
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Arpita Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Mohammad Shahriar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Suhee FI, Shahriar M, Islam SMA, Bhuiyan MA, Islam MR. Elevated Serum IL-2 Levels are Associated With Major Depressive Disorder: A Case-Control Study. CLINICAL PATHOLOGY (THOUSAND OAKS, VENTURA COUNTY, CALIF.) 2023; 16:2632010X231180797. [PMID: 37360518 PMCID: PMC10285590 DOI: 10.1177/2632010x231180797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Numerous earlier studies have stated an association between major depressive disorder (MDD) and altered expression of inflammatory process. However, it still needs to determine whether the alteration of cytokines is the causative factor or a consequence of this disorder. Therefore, we attempted to evaluate the role of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-2 in the pathophysiology of depression. Methods We collected blood samples from 111 MDD patients and 112 healthy controls (HCs) matched by age and sex. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5) score was used to assess study participants. We determined the severity of depression using the Hamilton Depression (Ham-D) rating scale. We assayed serum levels of IL-2 using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kit. Results Elevated levels of IL-2 were detected in MDD patients than HCs (29.79 ± 6.18 and 12.77 ± 4.84 pg/ml, P < 0.05). We observed a higher level of IL-2 in female MDD patients compared to female HCs (31.98 ± 8.34 and 7.76 ± 0.36 pg/ml, P < 0.05). We witnessed a sex-specific correlation between the serum IL-2 levels and the Ham-D score and found that the females with higher Ham-D scores had higher serum IL-2 levels. Moreover, the ROC curve represented the good diagnostic performance of serum IL-2 levels as a biomarker with sensitivity and specificity values of 83.7% and 80.4%, respectively. Conclusions The current study findings indicate that elevated serum IL-2 levels are associated with MDD. This alteration may be the cause of triggering depression or a result of the activated inflammatory process during the depression. Therefore, we recommend further interventional research to clarify the actual reasons for these altered IL-2 levels in MDD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Md. Rabiul Islam
- Md. Rabiul Islam, Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Supti KF, Asaduzzaman M, Suhee FI, Shahriar M, Islam SMA, Bhuiyan MA, Qusar MMAS, Islam MR. Elevated Serum Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Levels are Associated With Major Depressive Disorder. CLINICAL PATHOLOGY (THOUSAND OAKS, VENTURA COUNTY, CALIF.) 2023; 16:2632010X231220841. [PMID: 38144435 PMCID: PMC10748934 DOI: 10.1177/2632010x231220841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Background Previous studies have suggested the involvement of an activated inflammatory process in major depressive disorder (MDD), as altered expression of inflammatory cytokines is observed in depression. This alteration can be the cause or a consequence of MDD. However, acknowledging inflammatory cytokines as prospective biomarkers would aid in diagnosing or guiding better therapeutic options. Therefore, we designed this study to assess the macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in depression. Method We collected blood samples from 115 MDD patients and 113 healthy controls (HCs) matched by age and sex. MDD patients were diagnosed by a qualified psychiatrist based on the symptoms mentioned in the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5). We applied the Hamilton depression (Ham-D) rating scale to assess the severity of depression. We assessed serum levels of MIF using ELISA kit (Boster Bio, USA). Result We detected increased serum MIF levels in MDD patients compared to HCs (6.15 ± 0.23 ng/mL vs 3.95 ± 0.21 ng/mL, P < 0.001). Moreover, this increase is more among female patients than female controls. Also, we noticed a positive correlation between altered MIF levels and the Ham-D scores (r = 0.233; P = 0.012), where we found that patients who scored higher on the Ham-D scale had higher MIF levels in serum. Moreover, the area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve represented the good diagnostic performance of altered serum MIF. Conclusion Our study findings indicate the association of pro-inflammatory cytokine MIF in the pathophysiology of depression as we identified elevated serum MIF levels in depressive patients compared to HCs. However, more researches are required to confirm whether this alteration of cytokine is the causative factor or a consequence of depression. We recommend conducting further studies to understand the pattern of this alteration of MIF levels in MDD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Md. Asaduzzaman
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Mohammad Shahriar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - MMA Shalahuddin Qusar
- Department of Psychiatry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Shahbagh, Ramna, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Schmitt Junior AA, Primo de Carvalho Alves L, Padilha BL, da Rocha NS. Serum cytokine variations among inpatients with major depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia versus healthy controls: a prospective 'true-to-life' study. Ther Adv Psychopharmacol 2023; 13:20451253221135463. [PMID: 36814596 PMCID: PMC9940172 DOI: 10.1177/20451253221135463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is increasing evidence of the association between chronic low-grade inflammation and severe mental illness (SMI). The objective of our study was to assess serum cytokine levels (SCLs) at admission and discharge in a true-to-life-setting population of inpatients with major depression (MD), bipolar disorder (BD), and schizophrenia (Sz), as well as of healthy controls. METHODS We considered MD, BD, and Sz to be SMIs. We evaluated 206 inpatients [MD, N = 92; BD, N = 26; mania (Ma), N = 44; Sz, N = 44). Generalized estimating equations were used to analyze variations in SCL [interferon gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17] at hospital admission and discharge. Results of 100 healthy controls were compared with those of SMI patients at both time points. We evaluated patients' improvement during in-hospital treatment in terms of general psychiatric symptoms, global clinical impression, functionality, and manic and depressive symptoms with validated scales. RESULTS In all, 68.9% of patients completed the study. Overall, SMI inpatients had higher SCL when compared with controls regardless of diagnosis. There was a significant decrease in Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and Clinical Global Impression-Severity Scale (CGI-S) scores, and an increase in Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scores for all disorders evaluated (p < 0.001), as well as a significant decrease in HDRS-17 scores among MD inpatients (p < 0.001) and in YMRS scores among Ma inpatients (p < 0.001). IL-2 and IL-6 levels decreased significantly between admission and discharge only among MD inpatients (p = 0.002 and p = 0.03, respectively). We found no further statistically significant changes in SCL among the remaining disorders (BD, Ma, and Sz). There was no significant decrease in IFN-γ (p = 0.64), TNF-α (p = 0.87), IL-4 (p = 0.21), IL-10 (p = 0.88), and IL-17 (p = 0.71) levels in any of the evaluated diagnoses. CONCLUSION MD inpatients had a decrease in IL-2 and IL-6 levels during hospitalization, which was accompanied by clinical improvement. No associations were found for the remaining SMIs (BD, Ma, and Sz).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucas Primo de Carvalho Alves
- Innovations and Interventions for Quality of Life (I-QoL), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Barbara Larissa Padilha
- Center for Clinical Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Innovations and Interventions for Quality of Life (I-QoL), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Neusa Sica da Rocha
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Center for Clinical and Experimental Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Innovations and Interventions for Quality of Life (I-QoL), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Nahar Z, Sal‐Sabil N, Sohan M, Qusar MMAS, Islam MR. Higher serum interleukin-12 levels are associated with the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder: A case-control study results. Health Sci Rep 2022; 6:e1005. [PMID: 36582626 PMCID: PMC9789678 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Major depressive disorder (MDD) is the fourth biggest health-related concern that dramatically impacts individuals' mental and physical health. Alteration of serum proinflammatory cytokine levels may take part in the development and progression of MDD. We aimed to explore and compare the role of interleukin-12 (IL-12) in MDD patients and healthy controls (HCs) and its involvement with the disease severity. Methods The present study included 85 patients and 87 age-sex matched HCs. A qualified psychiatrist utilized the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5) criteria to diagnose patients and evaluate HCs. We applied the Ham-D rating scale to measure the severity of depression. Serum IL-12 levels were measured using ELISA kits. Results We observed a notable increase in the serum levels of IL-12 in MDD patients compared to HCs (164.27 ± 10.18 pg/ml and 82.55 ± 4.40 pg/ml; p < 0.001). Moreover, we noticed a positive correlation between serum IL-12 levels and Ham-D scores in MDD patients (r = 0.363; p = 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed a good predictive performance (AUC = 0.871; p < 0.001) at the cut-off point of 53.46 pg/ml for serum IL-12. Conclusion The current study findings support that IL-12 levels are involved with the pathogenesis and inflammatory process in MDD. At the same time, this involvement may make this cytokine eligible for the risk evaluation of MDD. However, we recommend further interventional studies to explore more accurate associations between IL-12 and depressive disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zabun Nahar
- Department of PharmacyUniversity of Asia PacificDhakaBangladesh
| | - Nisat Sal‐Sabil
- Department of PharmacyUniversity of Asia PacificDhakaBangladesh
| | - Md. Sohan
- Department of PharmacyUniversity of Asia PacificDhakaBangladesh
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Islam S, Islam T, Nahar Z, Shahriar M, Islam SMA, Bhuiyan MA, Islam MR. Altered serum adiponectin and interleukin-8 levels are associated in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder: A case-control study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276619. [PMID: 36409748 PMCID: PMC9678262 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a complex mental health condition that results in several obstacles including disabilities, loss of productivity, and economic burdens on both patients and society. Etiopathogenesis of MDD involves several factors such as sociodemographic, genetic, and biological determinants. However, any suitable biomarkers for risk assessment of depression have not been established yet. Alterations of cytokine are assumed to be involved in the pathophysiology and severity of the depressive disorder. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate serum adiponectin and interleukin-8 (IL-8) among MDD patients in Bangladesh. METHODS We recruited a total of 63 MDD patients and 94 age-sex matched healthy controls (HCs) in the present study. MDD patients were enrolled from a tertiary care teaching hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, and HCs from surrounding parts of Dhaka city. A psychiatrist assessed all the study participants following the criteria mentioned in the DSM-5. We applied the Hamilton depression (Ham-D) rating scale to assess the depression severity. Serum adiponectin and IL-8 levels were determined using ELISA kits (BosterBio, USA). RESULTS The mean serum concentration of adiponectin was decreased (30.67±4.43 μg/mL vs. 53.81±5.37 μg/mL), and the IL-8 level was increased (160.93±14.84 pg/mL vs. 88.68±6.33 pg/mL) in MDD patients compared to HCs. Sex-specific scatters plot graphs showed the distribution of adiponectin and IL-8 levels with Ham-D scores in MDD patients. Also, ROC curve analysis demonstrated good predictive performances of serum adiponectin and IL-8 for MDD with the area under the curve (AUC) as 0.895 and 0.806, respectively. CONCLUSION The present study findings suggest that alterations of serum adiponectin and IL-8 levels in MDD patients might be involved in the disease process. Therefore, we can use these changes of cytokines in serum levels as early risk assessment tools for depression. The present study findings should be considered preliminary. We propose further interventional studies to evaluate the exact role of adiponectin and IL-8 in depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salsabil Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Towhidul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Zabun Nahar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Shahriar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Md. Rabiul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bayturan S, Sapmaz ŞY, Uzun AD, Kandemir H, Ecemiş T. Relationship of herpesvirus (HSV1, EBV, CMV, HHV6) seropositivity with depressive disorder and its clinical aspects: The first study in children. J Med Virol 2022; 94:5484-5491. [PMID: 35821494 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Infections can lead to the onset of mood disorders in adults, partly through inflammatory mechanisms. However pediatric data are lacking. The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between depressive disorder and seropositivity of herpes virus infections in children. The sample group consisted of patients diagnosed with depressive disorder according to DSM-5 diagnostic criteria and healthy volunteers, being between 11 and 18 years with clinically normal mental capacity. All children completed DSM-5-Level-2 Depression Scale, DSM-5-Level-2 Irritability Scale, DSM-5-Level-2 Sleep Scale, DSM-5-Level-2 Somatic Symptoms Scale. The levels of anti-HSV1-IgG, anti-CMV-IgG, anti-EBNA, and anti-HHV6-IgG were examined in all participants. Patients with an antibody value above the cut-off values specified in the test kits were evaluated as seropositive. The mean age was 15.54 ± 1.57 years in the depression group (DG), 14.87 ± 1.76 years in the healthy control group (CG). There were 4 boys (11.2%), 32 girls (88.8%) in the DG, 9 boys (21.9%) and 32 girls (78.04%) in the CG. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of the presence of seropositivity of HSV1, CMV, EBV, and HHV6. HHV6 antibody levels were significantly higher in the DG (p = 0.000). A significant positive correlation was found between HHV6 antibodies and DSM-5 level-2 somatic symptoms scale score. HHV6 antibody levels were found to be significantly higher in patients with existing suicidal ideation in the DG (n = 13) compared to those without existing suicidal ideation in the DG (p = 0.043). HHV6 persistent infections may be responsible for somatic symptoms and etiology of suicidal ideation in childhood depressive disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Semra Bayturan
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Şermin Yalın Sapmaz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Aylin Deniz Uzun
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Hasan Kandemir
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Talat Ecemiş
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Nahar Z, Sohan M, Supti KF, Hossain MJ, Shahriar M, Bhuiyan MA, Islam MR. Prevalence and associated risk factors for mental health problems among female university students during COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study findings from Dhaka, Bangladesh. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10890. [PMID: 36217458 PMCID: PMC9534543 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has tremendously affected the physical and mental health of people at all levels worldwide. The present study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and contributing factors for mental health problems among female university students in the urban area of Bangladesh. We conducted this online cross-sectional study among 451 female university students. Here we assessed the symptomatic prevalence of common mental health problems among the participants. The prevalence rate of loneliness, anxiety, and depressive symptoms among female university students in Bangladesh was 55.88%, 69.18%, and 45.23%, respectively. Also, we noticed that mild, moderate, and severe symptoms of loneliness, generalized anxiety, and depression were 36.90%, 40.48%, and 22.62%; 48.08%, 22.44%, and 29.48%; and 37.31%, 26.87%, and 35.52%; respectively. According to the present study results, marital status, financial condition, education level, and family structure (nuclear/joint) are potential contributing factors to mental health problems among female university students living in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The COVID-19 pandemic has severely impacted the academic performance and emotional well-being of students in Bangladesh. Also, the closure of university classes for a long time in Bangladesh was responsible for the poor mental health of students. Promoting good mental health has become a vital public health concern during this ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Female university students residing in urban areas in Bangladesh are more prone to developing mental health problems during any crisis. Therefore, the healthcare authorities of Bangladesh should promote the good mental health of students during and after the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Keeping in touch with students to support them psychologically and mentally during the pandemic is crucial for promoting their good mental health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zabun Nahar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Sohan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Kaniz Farzana Supti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Jamal Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, 77 Satmasjid Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Shahriar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Mohiuddin Ahmed Bhuiyan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Rabiul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh,Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Shalahuddin Qusar MMA, Hossain R, Sohan M, Nazir S, Hossain MJ, Islam MR. Attitudes of mental healthcare professionals and media professionals towards each other in reducing social stigma due to mental illness in Bangladesh. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 50:3181-3195. [PMID: 35180314 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mental illness is a neglected issue all over the world. The development of negligence towards mental illness could be due to the stigmatized attitudes. Also, social stigma due to mental illness is prevalent in many south Asian countries. In Bangladesh, the condition is even worse than regional data in Asia. The general people consider media as a primary source of information about mental health. However, mental health professionals (MHP) have direct contact with psychiatric patients and their family members. Therefore, both MHP and media professionals (MP) have a role in reducing social stigma due to mental illness. The present study aimed to identify attitudes of MHP and MP towards each other in reducing social stigma due to mental illness. We conducted a cross-sectional online survey among 174 participants (80 MHP and 94 MP). We used two sets of self-reporting questionnaires to assess the attitudes of MHP and MP towards one another. Also, we collected and analyzed sociodemographic profiles of study participants. We observed significant differences in terms of their profession-related statements between MHP and MP. Also, we have seen significant gaps between MHP and MP in terms of their complete agreement on attitude-related aspects. However, most respondents agreed that stigma due to mental illness is a vital problem in Bangladesh. Moreover, maximum participants accepted that the current public images about psychiatry and media role in reducing social stigma need to be improved. We observed gap between MHP and MP in their roles and beliefs in reducing social stigma due to mental illness in Bangladesh. Reciprocal training and awareness programs would help them in reducing social stigma due to mental illness. The findings of the present study would help to sort out the possible areas for interventions. However, the present study has few limitations; therefore, we recommend further studies with more homogeneous and large samples to make better conclusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Redwana Hossain
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Sohan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Md Jamal Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Rabiul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Anzolin AP, Feiten JG, Bristot G, Possebon GMP, Fleck MPDA, Caldieraro MA, Kauer-Sant'Anna M. Earlier age of onset is associated with a pro-inflammatory state in major depressive disorder. Psychiatry Res 2022; 314:114601. [PMID: 35749859 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common condition that affects the general population over a wide range of ages, regardless of gender and social background. Early-onset of MDD in adulthood, between ages of 18 and 30 years, is associated with worse outcomes and increased years of disability. Stress load and physical health have been associated with age of onset in MDD. We aim to investigate whether early onset MDD might be associated with changes in systemic inflammatory markers. We examined levels of following cytokines: IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and TNFα in 234 patients with MDD. Higher serum levels of TNFα and IL-1β are associated with the early onset of the disorder in patients with MDD. IL-6 levels were also higher in the early onset group and IL-10 levels were higher in the late onset group, but with no significant difference. Changes in the anti-inflammatory/pro-inflammatory balance have been described in mood disorders and may be implicated in its severity and pattern of progression. Our findings reinforce that higher serum levels of IL-1β and TNFα may be associated with the earlier onset subgroup of MDD patients. Future research that target inflammatory markers of immune modulation may be, key in the search for novel preventative therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Anzolin
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Avenue Ramiro Barcelos, Porto Alegre, RS CEP 90035-903, Brazil; National Institute for Science and Technology in Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), CNPq, FAPESP, CAPES, Brazil.
| | - Jacson Gabriel Feiten
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Avenue Ramiro Barcelos, Porto Alegre, RS CEP 90035-903, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Giovana Bristot
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Avenue Ramiro Barcelos, Porto Alegre, RS CEP 90035-903, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Maria Pereira Possebon
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Avenue Ramiro Barcelos, Porto Alegre, RS CEP 90035-903, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Pio de Almeida Fleck
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marco Antonio Caldieraro
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Avenue Ramiro Barcelos, Porto Alegre, RS CEP 90035-903, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil; National Institute for Science and Technology in Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), CNPq, FAPESP, CAPES, Brazil
| | - Marcia Kauer-Sant'Anna
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Avenue Ramiro Barcelos, Porto Alegre, RS CEP 90035-903, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil; National Institute for Science and Technology in Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), CNPq, FAPESP, CAPES, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Dias NS, Teixeira AL, Diniz BS, Vieira EL, Viana BDM, Barbosa IG. Higher IL-6 and IL-4 plasma levels in depressed elderly women are influenced by diabetes mellitus. TRENDS IN PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHOTHERAPY 2022; 46:e20220466. [PMID: 35796659 PMCID: PMC11140769 DOI: 10.47626/2237-6089-2022-0466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed at investigating a set of peripheral cytokines in elderly female patients with MDD, comparing them to controls, and assessing the potential influence of clinical comorbidities on inflammatory markers. METHODS Twenty-five elderly female patients diagnosed with MDD and 19 age-matched female controls were enrolled on this study. Plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, IL-10, interferon (IFN)-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were evaluated with commercially-available assays. RESULTS Elderly female patients with MDD exhibited higher plasma IL-6 and IL-4 levels when compared to controls. In a logistic regression model taking cytokine levels, comorbidities, and age into account, only type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) remained associated with MDD. CONCLUSION Diabetes influences the association between MDD and higher levels of cytokines in elderly female patients. Future studies should take this evidence into account in order to mitigate confounding factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natália S. Dias
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em NeurociênciasInstituto de Ciências BiológicasUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMGBrazil Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências , Instituto de Ciências Biológicas , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte , MG , Brazil .
| | - Antônio L. Teixeira
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTXUSA Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences , University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston , TX , USA .
- Instituto de Ensino e PesquisaSanta Casa de Misericórdia de Belo HorizonteBelo HorizonteMGBrazil Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa , Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Belo Horizonte , Belo Horizonte , MG , Brazil .
| | - Breno S. Diniz
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine , University of Toronto , Toronto , ON , Canada .
- Geriatric Psychiatry DivisionCenter for Addiction and Mental HealthTorontoONCanada Geriatric Psychiatry Division , Center for Addiction and Mental Health , Toronto , ON , Canada .
| | - Erica L. Vieira
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação MédicaUFMGBelo HorizonteMGBrazil Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica , UFMG , Belo Horizonte , MG , Brazil .
| | - Bernardo de M. Viana
- Departamento de Saúde MentalFaculdade de MedicinaUFMGBelo HorizonteMGBrazil Departamento de Saúde Mental , Faculdade de Medicina , UFMG , Belo Horizonte , MG , Brazil .
| | - Izabela G. Barbosa
- Departamento de Saúde MentalFaculdade de MedicinaUFMGBelo HorizonteMGBrazil Departamento de Saúde Mental , Faculdade de Medicina , UFMG , Belo Horizonte , MG , Brazil .
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Lee SY, Wang LJ, Yang YH, Hsu CW. The comparative effectiveness of antidepressants for youths with major depressive disorder: a nationwide population-based study in Taiwan. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2022; 13:20406223221098114. [PMID: 35634571 PMCID: PMC9131383 DOI: 10.1177/20406223221098114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Guidelines recommend fluoxetine as a first-line medication for youths diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD). However, little is known about the long-term effectiveness of different antidepressants in juveniles in the real world. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of antidepressants in youths with MDD. Methods: Youths (<20 years old) with a diagnosis of MDD who were new users of antidepressants were selected from a nationwide population-based cohort in Taiwan between 1997 and 2013. We divided a total of 16,981 users (39.9% male; mean age: 16.6 years) into 10 different antidepressant groups (fluoxetine, sertraline, paroxetine, venlafaxine, citalopram, escitalopram, bupropion, fluvoxamine, mirtazapine and moclobemide). Regarding treatment outcomes (hospitalisation and medication discontinuation), Cox proportional hazards regression models were applied to estimate the hazards of such outcomes. Results: Compared with the youths treated with fluoxetine, the bupropion-treated group demonstrated lower rates of hospitalisation and discontinuation. Mirtazapine-treated group demonstrated a higher hospitalisation risk mainly when administered for single depressive episodes. Furthermore, patients treated with sertraline and fluvoxamine had higher discontinuation rates. Among the younger teenage subgroups (< 16 years), significantly higher rates of discontinuation were observed in those treated with sertraline, escitalopram and fluvoxamine. Among the older teenage subgroups (⩾ 16 years), bupropion was superior to fluoxetine in preventing hospitalisation and discontinuation. Conclusion: We concluded that bupropion might surpass fluoxetine with regard to hospitalisation prevention and drug therapy maintenance among youths with MDD, while mirtazapine users demonstrated a higher hospitalisation risk. Our findings might serve as a reference for clinicians in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Yu Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medicine, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung
| | - Liang-Jen Wang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung
| | - Yao-Hsu Yang
- Health Information and Epidemiology Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi County
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi County
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan
| | - Chih-Wei Hsu
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 123, Ta-Pei Road, Niaosong District, Kaohsiung 83301
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wu X, Dai B, Yan F, Chen Y, Xu Y, Xia Q, Zhang X. Serum Cortisol, Nesfatin-1, and IL-1β: Potential Diagnostic Biomarkers in Elderly Patients with Treatment-Resistant Depression. Clin Interv Aging 2022; 17:567-576. [PMID: 35480963 PMCID: PMC9038158 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s361459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) affects approximately 30% of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), especially elderly patients. As individuals with TRD are at an increased risk of committing suicide and pose a higher risk of relapse, early diagnostic biomarkers of TRD and a better understanding of the resistance mechanism are highly needed. This study aimed to determine whether serum cortisol, nesfatin-1, and pro-inflammatory cytokines can be used as biomarkers for the diagnosis of elderly patients with TRD. Methods Thirty elderly patients with TRD were selected as the TRD group. Thirty elderly patients with MDD who were effectively treated with conventional antidepressants were selected as the non-TRD group. The baseline levels of serum cortisol, nesfatin-1, and pro-inflammatory cytokines were measured and compared, and their diagnostic values were evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve method for discriminating patients with TRD from those without TRD. Results Serum cortisol, C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were significantly higher in the non-TRD and TRD groups than in the control group. Moreover, serum cortisol, CRP, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels in the TRD group were significantly lower than those in the non-TRD group. Furthermore, serum nesfatin-1 levels in the non-TRD group were significantly lower than those in the control and TRD groups, while the serum IL-1β levels in the non-TRD group were significantly higher than those in the control and TRD groups. Additionally, an ROC analysis revealed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.929 for the combination of nesfatin-1 and IL-1β and an AUC of 0.956 for the combination of cortisol, nesfatin-1, and IL-1β in discriminating elderly patients with TRD from those without non-TRD. Conclusion Serum cortisol, nesfatin-1, and IL-1β may be potential diagnostic biomarkers for discriminating elderly patients with TRD from those without TRD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Wu
- Department of Geriatric Psychology, Hefei Fourth People’s Hospital, Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Biao Dai
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacy, Hefei Fourth People’s Hospital, Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fanfan Yan
- Department of Geriatric Psychology, Hefei Fourth People’s Hospital, Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
- Modified Electroconvulsive Therapy Room, Hefei Fourth People’s Hospital, Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yayun Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingrong Xia
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Science and Education, Hefei Fourth People’s Hospital, Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xulai Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Psychology, Hefei Fourth People’s Hospital, Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Xulai Zhang, Department of Geriatric Psychology, Hefei Fourth People’s Hospital, Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 316 Huangshan Road, Hefei, 230032, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 551 63616022, Fax +86 551 63616022, Email
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Old and New Biomarkers for Infection, Inflammation, and Autoimmunity in Treatment-Resistant Affective and Schizophrenic Spectrum Disorders. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15030299. [PMID: 35337097 PMCID: PMC8949012 DOI: 10.3390/ph15030299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Affective (AF) and Schizophrenic (SZ) Spectrum disorders manifest with risk factors, involving inflammatory processes linked to infections and autoimmunity. This study searched for novel biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and peripheral blood. A total of 29 AF and 39 SZ patients with treatment-resistant disease were included. In CSF, the chemokine IL-8 was significantly elevated in AF and SZ patients. IL-8 promotes chemotaxis by neutrophils and may originate from different tissues. S100B, a glia-derived brain damage marker, was higher in CSF from AF than SZ patients. Among the plasma-derived biomarkers, ferritin was elevated in AF and SZ. Soluble CD25, indicating Treg dysfunction, was higher in SZ than in AF patients. Interferon-γ, implying virus-specific immune activation, was positive in selective AF patients, only. Both groups showed elevated expression of immunosuppressive CD33 on monocytes, but higher amounts of CD123+ plasmacytoid dendritic cells were restricted to SZ. In conclusion, chemotactic IL-8 indicates neuronal stress and inflammation in the CSF of both groups. Novel plasma-derived biomarkers such as sCD25 and monocytic CD33 distinguish SZ from AF with an autoimmune phenotype.
Collapse
|
27
|
Rahman S, Shanta AA, Daria S, Nahar Z, Shahriar M, Qusar MMAS, Islam SMA, Bhuiyan MA, Islam MR. Increased serum resistin but not G-CSF levels are associated in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder: Findings from a case-control study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264404. [PMID: 35213631 PMCID: PMC8880862 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many studies have predicted major depressive disorder (MDD) as the leading cause of global health by 2030 due to its high prevalence, disability, and illness. However, the actual pathophysiological mechanism behind depression is unknown. Scientists consider alterations in cytokines might be tools for understanding the pathogenesis and treatment of MDD. Several past studies on several inflammatory cytokine expressions in MDD reveal that an inflammatory process is activated, although the precise causes of that changes in cytokine levels are unclear. Therefore, we aimed to investigate resistin and G-CSF in MDD patients and controls to explore their role in the pathogenesis and development of depression. Methods We included 220 participants in this study. Among them, 108 MDD patients and 112 age-sex matched healthy control (HCs). We used DSM-5 to evaluate study participants. Also, we applied the Ham-D rating scale to assess the severity of patients. Serum resistin and G-CSF levels were measured using ELISA kits (BosterBio, USA). Results The present study observed increased serum resistin levels in MDD patients compared to HCs (13.82 ± 1.24ng/mL and 6.35 ± 0.51ng/mL, p <0.001). However, we did not find such changes for serum G-CSF levels between the groups. Ham-D scores showed a significant correlation with serum resistin levels but not G-CSF levels in the patient group. Furthermore, ROC analysis showed a fairly predictive performance of serum resistin levels in major depression (AUC = 0.746). Conclusion The present study findings suggest higher serum resistin levels are associated with the pathophysiology of MDD. This elevated serum resistin level may serve as an early risk assessment indicator for MDD. However, the role of serum G-CSF in the development of MDD is still unclear despite its neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Smaranika Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Amena Alam Shanta
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sohel Daria
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Zabun Nahar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Shahriar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - MMA Shalahuddin Qusar
- Department of Psychiatry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Shahabagh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Md. Rabiul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Proma MA, Daria S, Nahar Z, Ashraful Islam SM, Bhuiyan MA, Islam MR. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 levels are associated with major depressive disorder. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2022; 33:735-741. [PMID: 34983131 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2021-0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a distressing condition characterized by persistent low mood, loss of interest in daily activities. Researchers consider several biological, psycho-social, and genetic factors are involved in depression. The present study aimed to investigate the serum levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in MDD patients to explore its role in depression. METHODS This case-control study recruited 114 MDD patients and 106 healthy controls (HCs) matched by age and gender. A specialized psychiatrist diagnosed the cases and evaluated the controls based on the diagnostic and statistical manual for mental disorders, 5th edition. We quantified serum MCP-1 levels using commercially available enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay kits. Also, we applied the Hamilton depression rating scale (Ham-D) to measure the severity of depression. RESULTS We observed the decreased levels of serum MCP-1 in MDD patients compared to HCs. Also, we obtained a significant negative correlation between serum MCP-1 levels and Ham-D scores. Moreover, female MDD patients with higher Ham-D scores exhibited lower serum MCP-1 levels. The receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated the good diagnostic value of MCP-1 with the area under the curve at 0.837. CONCLUSIONS The depression-related alteration of serum MCP-1 may be more complicated than the current assumption and depends on the characteristics of the individual patients. Our study suggests that the serum MCP-1 levels might involve in the pathophysiology and mechanism of MDD. The present findings, along with the diagnostic evaluation, might be used to evaluate depressive patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sohel Daria
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Zabun Nahar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Md Rabiul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Han T, Zhang L, Jiang W, Wang L. Persistent Depressive Symptoms and the Changes in Serum Cystatin C Levels in the Elderly: A Longitudinal Cohort Study. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:917082. [PMID: 35722576 PMCID: PMC9203830 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.917082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The burden of depression in the elderly is increasing worldwide with global aging. However, there is still a lack of research on the relationship between depressive symptoms and the progression of renal function. Our aim is to evaluate the longitudinal association between baseline depressive symptoms and the changes in serum cystatin C levels over 10 years' follow-up period. METHODS We used longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), an existing community based nationally representative aging cohort study which enrolled individuals over age 50 in the USA. Depressive symptoms were determined using an eight-item version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD) at wave 7 (2004) and wave 8 (2006). Persistent depressive symptoms were defined as both CESD scores measured at waves 7 and 8 were ≥3; episodic depressive symptoms were defined as CESD scores ≥3 at wave 7 or wave 8. A linear mixed model was used to evaluate the correlation between baseline depressive symptoms and future changes in cystatin C levels. RESULTS The mean age of the 7,642 participants was 63.8 ± 10.8 years, and 60.9% were women. Among the participants, 1,240 (16.2%) had episodic depressive symptoms and 778 (10.2%) had persistent depressive symptoms. Compared with participants with no depressive symptoms at both waves, a significant increase in serum cystatin C levels was found among those with persistent depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that baseline persistent depressive symptoms were significantly associated with an increased rate of serum cystatin C levels. The level of serum cystatin C should be monitored in the elderly with persistent depressive symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiandong Han
- Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Weixing Jiang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Associations of serum cystatin C with depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation in major depressive disorder. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:576. [PMID: 34789194 PMCID: PMC8596898 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03509-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) have high suicidal ideation. There is evidence that serum cystatin C (Cys C) may be involved in the pathophysiology of MDD. The present study aimed to investigate Cys C concentration in patients with MDD and clarify its possible association with depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation. METHODS An online cross-sectional survey of 159 patients diagnosed with MDD was conducted. Serum Cys C levels were measured using ADVIA 2400 biochemical analyzer. The 24-item Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD-24) was administered to evaluate the depressive symptoms. Generalized linear regression, logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models were used to examine the association of serum Cys C levels with depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation. RESULTS Serum Cys C levels were higher in MDD patients than in controls (p = 0.001) and were positively associated with scores on HAMD-24 in unadjusted (gender distribution, age, smoking, alcohol consumption, family history of depression and traumatic life events; (p = 0.003) and fully adjusted linear regression model (p = 0.005). The fully adjusted regression coefficient with 95% confidence intervals for serum Cys C levels and HAMD-24 score was 30.339 (9.602 to 51.077). The level of Cys C in the suicidal ideation (SI) group was significantly higher than that in the non-suicide ideation (non-SI) group (p = 0.001). Serum Cys C levels were positively associated with suicidal ideation in each logistic regression model (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Serum Cys C levels were elevated in MDD patients and appeared to be positively correlated with depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation. These findings suggest that the dysfunction of Cys C may be involved in the severity of depression and in the pathophysiological process of MDD. Thus, regulation of serum Cys C could potentially be an effective predictor of the severity of depression and potentially, play a role in reducing the risk of suicide in MDD patients.
Collapse
|
31
|
Newland P, Basan Y, Chen L, Wu G. Depression and Inflammatory Markers in Veterans With Multiple Sclerosis. Biol Res Nurs 2021; 24:123-127. [PMID: 34719978 DOI: 10.1177/10998004211050082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS), an inflammatory neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS), afflicts over one per thousand people in the United States. The pathology of MS typically involves lesions in several regions, including the brain and spinal cord. The manifestation of MS is variable and carries great potential to negatively impact quality of life (QOL). Evidence that inflammatory markers are related to depression in MS is accumulating. However, there are barriers in precisely identifying the biological mechanisms underlying depression and inflammation. Analysis of cytokines provides one promising approach for understanding the mechanisms that may contribute to MS symptoms. METHODS In this pilot study, we measured salivary levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1beta (β), and IL-10 in 24 veterans with MS. Descriptive statistics were reported and Pearson correlation coefficients were obtained between cytokines and depression. RESULTS The anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was significantly negatively associated with depression in veterans with MS (r = -0.47, p = .024). CONCLUSION Cytokines may be useful for elucidating biological mechanisms associated with the depression and a measure for nurses caring for veterans with MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Newland
- 32989Goldfarb School of Nursing at Barnes-Jewish College, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yelyzaveta Basan
- 32989Goldfarb School of Nursing at Barnes-Jewish College, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ling Chen
- 7548Washington University in St Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gregory Wu
- 7548Washington University in St Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Lu C, Liu X, Li J, Huang Y, Huang X, Dai G, Wu L. Merazin Hydrate Produces Rapid Antidepressant Effects Depending on Activating mTOR Signaling by Upregulating Downstream Synaptic Proteins in the Hippocampus. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:3939-3946. [PMID: 34601865 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder has become an increasingly serious disease in the world. However, convenient antidepressants have low efficacy and slow onset defects, which is dangerous for suicidal tendency patients. Nowadays, rapid antidepressant research has become the focus. Merazin hydrate (MH), a component of the natural herb Fructus Aurantii, has been shown to produce rapid antidepressant-like effects in animal models. However, the mechanism of its rapid antidepressant-like effects was still elusive like that of ketamine. The study aimed to reveal the relationship between the rapid antidepressant-like effects of MH and mTOR signaling, which is closely related to rapid antidepressants. The results showed that a single administration of MH was capable of reversing the behavioral defects at 2 h in two classic depressive models including learned helplessness (LH) and chronic mild stress (CMS). Moreover, the phosphorylated expression of mTOR, reduced by LH or CMS, was upregulated after a single administration of MH, and the expressions of BDNF and synaptic proteins in the hippocampus were also reversed 2 h later, similar to ketamine. Moreover, LH increased the expressions of eNOS, IL-10, and TNF-α in serum, which were all reversed by a single dose of MH at 2 h, similar to ketamine. Furthermore, we used rapamycin, an antagonist of mTOR, to confirm whether the rapid antidepressant-like effects of MH depend on mTOR or not. We found that inhibiting the activation of mTOR blocked the rapid antidepressant-like effects of MH, which also inhibited the upregulation of expressions of BDNF and PSD95. To sum up, the rapid antidepressant effect of MH depended on the activation of mTOR to regulate downstream BNDF and synaptic protein expressions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - Xiangfei Liu
- Institute of TCM-Related Comorbid Depression, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Jia Li
- Institute of TCM-Related Comorbid Depression, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Yunke Huang
- Institute of TCM-Related Comorbid Depression, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
- Master Degree Candidate at Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Fudan University Medical School, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Xi Huang
- Institute of TCM-Related Comorbid Depression, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Guoliang Dai
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - Lei Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Lorkiewicz P, Waszkiewicz N. Biomarkers of Post-COVID Depression. J Clin Med 2021; 10:4142. [PMID: 34575258 PMCID: PMC8470902 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10184142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is spreading around the world and 187 million people have already been affected. One of its after-effects is post-COVID depression, which, according to the latest data, affects up to 40% of people who have had SARS-CoV-2 infection. A very important issue for the mental health of the general population is to look for the causes of this complication and its biomarkers. This will help in faster diagnosis and effective treatment of the affected patients. In our work, we focused on the search for major depressive disorder (MDD) biomarkers, which are also present in COVID-19 patients and may influence the development of post-COVID depression. For this purpose, we searched PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar scientific literature databases using keywords such as 'COVID-19', 'SARS-CoV-2', 'depression', 'post-COVID', 'biomarkers' and others. Among the biomarkers found, the most important that were frequently described are increased levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6), soluble interleukin 6 receptor (sIL-6R), interleukin 1 β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin 10 (IL-10), interleukin 2 (IL-2), soluble interleukin 2 receptor (sIL-2R), C-reactive protein (CRP), Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1), serum amyloid a (SAA1) and metabolites of the kynurenine pathway, as well as decreased brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tryptophan (TRP). The biomarkers identified by us indicate the etiopathogenesis of post-COVID depression analogous to the leading inflammatory hypothesis of MDD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Lorkiewicz
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Bialystok, Plac Brodowicza 1, 16-070 Choroszcz, Poland;
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Islam MR, Jannath S, Moona AA, Akter S, Hossain MJ, Islam SMA. Association between the use of social networking sites and mental health of young generation in Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 49:2276-2297. [PMID: 34289516 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The social networking sites (SNS) are popular among people of all levels. Here we aimed to evaluate the relationship between the use of SNS and the mental health of the young generation in Bangladesh. We conducted this cross-sectional study among 791 subjects aged between 15 and 40 years. Self-reported questionnaires were used to collect demographics and SNS usage patterns of the respondents. We have measured the levels of loneliness, depression, generalized anxiety, and sleep disturbance using the recommended mental health assessment scales. The estimations of loneliness, depression, generalized anxiety, and sleep disturbance among the respondents were 64%, 38%, 63%, and 75%, respectively. Young adults, female sex, unmarried individuals, students, and urban residents reported higher psychological issues regarding the SNS use. Reported mental health issues were associated with time spent in SNS, the number of friends and groups connected with, personal beliefs, and feeling about SNS. A notable association between the use of SNS and the mental health issues of users has been ascertained. The present study findings might have significant implications in the field of clinical psychology and psychotherapy. Therefore, we recommend more comprehensive clinical interventions to find the tangible impact of SNS on the mental health of users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Rabiul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sanjida Jannath
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Amena A Moona
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shahinur Akter
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Jamal Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sardar M A Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Bai S, Xie J, Bai H, Tian T, Zou T, Chen JJ. Gut Microbiota-Derived Inflammation-Related Serum Metabolites as Potential Biomarkers for Major Depressive Disorder. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:3755-3766. [PMID: 34393496 PMCID: PMC8354734 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s324922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although many works have been conducted to explore the biomarkers for diagnosing major depressive disorder (MDD), the widely accepted biomarkers are still not identified. Thus, the combined application of serum metabolomics and fecal microbial communities was used to identify gut microbiota-derived inflammation-related serum metabolites as potential biomarkers for MDD. Methods MDD patients and healthy controls (HCs) were included in this study. Both serum samples and fecal samples were collected. The liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used to detect the metabolites in serum samples, and the 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to analyze the gut microbiota compositions in fecal samples. Results Totally, 60 MDD patients and 60 HCs were recruited. The 24 differential serum metabolites were identified, and 10 of these were inflammation-related metabolites. Three significantly affected inflammation-related pathways were identified using differential metabolites. The 17 differential genera were identified, and 14 of these genera belonged to phyla Firmicutes. Four significantly affected inflammation-related pathways were identified using differential genera. Five inflammation-related metabolites (LysoPC(16:0), deoxycholic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, taurocholic acid and LysoPC(20:0)) were identified as potential biomarkers. These potential biomarkers had significant correlations with genera belonged to phyla Firmicutes. The panel consisting of these biomarkers could effectively distinguish MDD patients from HCs with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.95 in training set and 0.92 in testing set. Conclusion These findings suggested that the disturbance of phyla Firmicutes might be involved in the onset of depression by regulating host’s inflammatory response, and these potential biomarkers could be useful for future investigating the objective methods for diagnosing MDD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shunjie Bai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xie
- Department of Endocrinology, the Fourth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Huili Bai
- The Center for Clinical Molecular Medical Detection, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Tian
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Zou
- Department of Psychiatry, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Jun Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Rahman MA, Shanjana Y, Tushar MI, Mahmud T, Rahman GMS, Milan ZH, Sultana T, Chowdhury AMLH, Bhuiyan MA, Islam MR, Reza HM. Hematological abnormalities and comorbidities are associated with COVID-19 severity among hospitalized patients: Experience from Bangladesh. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255379. [PMID: 34314447 PMCID: PMC8315496 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hematological abnormalities are assumed to be involved in the disease progression of COVID-19. However, the actual associations between specific blood parameters and COVID-19 are not well understood. Here we aimed to assess the correlations between hematological parameters and the severity of COVID-19. METHODS We included COVID-19 patients who were admitted to Evercare Hospital Ltd, Dhaka, Bangladesh, between November 10, 2020, to April 12, 2021, with a confirmed case of RT-PCR test. We recorded demographic information, clinical data, and routine hematological examination results of all COVID-19 patients. We performed statistical analyses and interpretation of data to compare severe COVID-19 patients (SCP) and non-severe COVID-19 patients (NSCP). RESULTS The age and BMI of the admitted COVID-19 patients were 48.79±8.53 years and 25.82±3.75 kg/m2. This study included a total of 306 hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Among them, NSCP and SCP were 198 and 108, respectively. And we recorded 12 deaths from SCP. We observed the alterations of several hematological parameters between SCP and NSCP. Among them, we noticed the increased levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), d-dimer, and ferritin showed good indicative value to evaluate the severity of COVID-19. Also, there were positive correlations among these parameters. Moreover, we found correlations between the outcomes of COVID-19 patients with patient's demographics and comorbid diseases. CONCLUSION Based on our results, CRP, d-dimer, and ferritin levels at admission to hospitals represent simple assessment factors for COVID-19 severity and the treatment decisions at the hospital setup. These blood parameters could serve as indicators for the prognosis and severity of COVID-19. Therefore, our study findings might help to develop a treatment protocol for COVID-19 patients at the hospital setup.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md. Ashrafur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Yeasna Shanjana
- Department of Environmental Sciences, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Ismail Tushar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tarif Mahmud
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Zahid Hossain Milan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tamanna Sultana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Md. Rabiul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- * E-mail: (RI); (HMR)
| | - Hasan Mahmud Reza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- * E-mail: (RI); (HMR)
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Tang W, Liu H, Chen L, Zhao K, Zhang Y, Zheng K, Zhu C, Zheng T, Liu J, Wang D, Yu L, Fang X, Zhang C, Su KP. Inflammatory cytokines, complement factor H and anhedonia in drug-naïve major depressive disorder. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 95:238-244. [PMID: 33794316 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Anhedonia is a core symptom of major depressive disorder (MDD) and often associated with poor prognosis. The main objective of the present study was to explore the relationship between complement factor H (CFH), inflammatory cytokines and anhedonia in drug-naïve MDD patients. METHODS A total of 215 participants (61 MDD patients with anhedonia, 78 MDD patients without anhedonia, and 76 control subjects) were included. Severity of depression and levels of anhedonia were evaluated by Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression-17 (HAMD-17) and SHAPS (Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale). Plasma levels of CFH, interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured. RESULTS The plasma levels of CFH, IL-10 and TNF-α were higher in drug-naïve MDD patients than control subjects. Compared to MDD patients without anhedonia, patients with anhedonia showed higher levels of CFH and IL-6. The stepwise regression analysis revealed that IL-10, TNF-α, as well as IL-10 × TNF-α were associated with depressive symptoms measured by HAMD-17 in drug-naïve MDD patients, while only CFH levels were identified as a mediator factor for the severity of anhedonia in the patients. CONCLUSION MDD patients with anhedonia showed different inflammatory characteristics compared to patients without anhedonia. Our results provide novel evidence suggesting that increased plasma CFH levels may be a potential biomarker of anhedonia of subtyping MDD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tang
- The Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongyang Liu
- The Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lixian Chen
- Second People's Hospital of Yuhuan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ke Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yaoyao Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ke Zheng
- The Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Cheng Zhu
- The Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Tiansheng Zheng
- The Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiahong Liu
- The Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingfang Yu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyu Fang
- Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Chen Zhang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Kuan-Pin Su
- Department of Psychiatry & Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; An-Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Peng R, Li Y. Associations Between Tenascin-C and Testosterone Deficiency in Men with Major Depressive Disorder: A Cross-Sectional Retrospective Study. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:897-905. [PMID: 33758529 PMCID: PMC7981168 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s298270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Elevated levels of tenascin-C are linked to increased risk and severity of major depressive disorder (MDD), while testosterone shows a protective effect. The present study explored associations between serum levels of tenascin-C and testosterone in Chinese men with MDD. Methods Testosterone and tenascin-C levels were measured in sera of 412 men with MDD and 237 age- and sex-matched controls. Serum levels of thyroid hormone, lipids, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were also quantified. Potential associations were examined using covariance, subgroup analysis, and multivariate linear regression analyses. Results Significantly higher concentrations of tenascin-C were detected in sera of subjects with MDD than in controls. Among subjects with MDD, testosterone concentrations inversely correlated with tenascin-C levels. This relationship was observed when patients were stratified by age at onset; duration or severity of depression; or concentration of thyroid hormones, low- or high-density lipoprotein, or hs-CRP. The negative association remained even when the statistical model was adjusted for age, smoking status, alcohol use, and body mass index. Linear regression with bootstrap resampling confirmed that high tenascin-C levels inversely correlated with testosterone levels. Conclusion In men with MDD, high tenascin-C concentrations correlate with testosterone deficiency. The combination of elevated tenascin-C and testosterone deficiency may be associated with MDD progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430060, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Clinical and Translational Considerations for Understanding Depression and Anxiety in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2021; 2021:6689443. [PMID: 33747075 PMCID: PMC7960036 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6689443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression and anxiety are comorbidities of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Though previous studies have proposed a relationship between anxiety, depression, and IBD, causality and directionality are largely unknown. Current and future research in these areas is aimed at exploring the biological underpinnings of this relationship, specifically pertaining to small molecule metabolism, such as tryptophan. Tryptophan is acquired through the diet and is the precursor to several vital bioactive metabolites including the hormone melatonin, the neurotransmitter serotonin, and vitamin B3. In this review, we discuss previous findings relating mental health comorbidities with IBD and underline ongoing research of tryptophan catabolite analysis.
Collapse
|
40
|
Okamoto N, Hoshikawa T, Ikenouchi A, Yoshimura R. Comparison of psychiatric symptoms between patients with major depression with higher and lower levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in the serum: a preliminary study. Ther Adv Psychopharmacol 2021; 11:20451253211060228. [PMID: 34925758 PMCID: PMC8679054 DOI: 10.1177/20451253211060228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Naomichi Okamoto
- Medical Center for Dementia, University Hospital, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Takashi Hoshikawa
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Atsuko Ikenouchi
- Medical Center for Dementia, University Hospital, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Reiji Yoshimura
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu 8078555, Fukuoka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Higher levels of serum IL-1β and TNF-α are associated with an increased probability of major depressive disorder. Psychiatry Res 2021; 295:113568. [PMID: 33199026 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a debilitating psychiatric disease. The dysregulated cytokines in depression are assumed due to the hyperactivation of the immune system. Here we aimed to evaluate the serum interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in MDD. This study recruited 87 MDD patients and 87 age and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs). The increased levels of serum IL-1β and TNF-α were observed among MDD patients. These higher levels of peripheral markers were positively correlated with the severity of depression. Therefore, the elevated levels of serum IL-1β and TNF-α might be used as risk assessment indicators for depression.
Collapse
|
42
|
Riya S, Sultana S, Daria S, Proma MA, Bhuiyan MA, Haque MA, Islam MR. Evaluation of Serum Lysophosphatidic Acid and Lysophosphatidylcholine Levels in Major Depressive Disorder Patients. Cureus 2020; 12:e12388. [PMID: 33542861 PMCID: PMC7849208 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.12388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a heterogeneous condition featured with a continuous low mood, feeling of sadness, lack of interest to perform daily activities. Genetic, physiological, biological, social, and environmental factors are associated with the pathophysiology of depression. Though several human studies failed to identify the suitable biological markers for depression, some animal studies showed phospholipids play a vital role in the alteration of emotion. Thus, the current study aimed to measure the serum levels of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) in MDD patients and healthy controls (HCs) to explore their roles and relationship with depression. Methods This case-control study enrolled 53 MDD patients and 50 HCs matched by age, gender, and body mass index. Based on the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th edition, a qualified psychiatrist diagnosed patients and assessed HCs. We applied the Hamilton depression rating scale (Ham-D) to measure the severity of depression. We used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits to measure serum lysophosphatidic acid and lysophosphatidylcholine levels. Results We found no alterations of these parameters in serum levels of MDD patients compared to HCs. We also observed a significant positive correlation between LPA and LPC levels in MDD patients. Moreover, the present study showed no significant associations between target markers and either diagnosis of depression or Ham-D scores, or management of depression. Conclusion The present study suggests that LPA and LPC levels probably would not serve as potential biomarkers of MDD. Thus, we recommend further studies with large and more homogeneous populations to explore the exact relationship between serum lipids and MDD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumaia Riya
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, BGD
| | - Sharmin Sultana
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, BGD
| | - Sohel Daria
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, BGD
| | - Maliha A Proma
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, BGD
| | | | | | - Md Rabiul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, BGD
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Daria S, Proma MA, Shahriar M, Islam SMA, Bhuiyan MA, Islam MR. Serum interferon-gamma level is associated with drug-naïve major depressive disorder. SAGE Open Med 2020; 8:2050312120974169. [PMID: 33282305 PMCID: PMC7682211 DOI: 10.1177/2050312120974169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Major depressive disorder is a leading heterogeneous psychiatric illness manifested by persistent low mood, a feeling of sadness, and diminished interest in daily activities. Many biological, genetic, and social factors are thought to be linked with depression. But any suitable early risk assessment markers are absent for this illness. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the serum levels of IFN-γ in major depressive disorder patients to further investigate the association between serum levels of this cytokine and major depression. Methods: This prospective case-control study enrolled 120 major depressive disorder patients and 100 healthy controls matched by age, sex, and body mass index. A qualified psychiatrist diagnosed the major depressive disorder patients and evaluated healthy controls according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Health Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5). The Hamilton depression rating scale was applied for all the study participants to measure the severity of depression. Serum IFN-γ levels were measured by a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit (Boster Biological Technology, Pleasanton, CA, USA). Results: This study observed that serum IFN-γ levels were significantly decreased in major depressive disorder patients compared to healthy controls. A significant negative correlation (r = −0.375; p < 0.001) was obtained between serum IFN-γ levels and Hamilton depression scores. Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed good diagnostic performance of lowered serum IFN-γ levels in depression with an area under the curve at 0.790. Conclusion: We suggest the altered serum IFN-γ levels are associated with the pathophysiology of depression. The reduced levels of serum IFN-γ might be used as an early risk assessment tool for major depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sohel Daria
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Mohammad Shahriar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Md Rabiul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|