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Coelho DMN, Costa Júnior DC, da Silva DMA, Alves ACB, Chaves RDC, Rebouças MDO, Valentim JT, de Oliveira AA, Sales ISL, Nicolau LAD, de Sousa FCF. Long-term administration of omeprazole in mice: a study of behavior, inflammatory, and oxidative stress alterations with focus on central nervous system. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:6165-6175. [PMID: 38433146 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03023-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Chronic use of omeprazole has been linked to central effects alongside with the global concern of increasing appearance of neuropsychiatric disorders. This study aimed to identifying behavioral, inflammatory, and oxidative stress alterations after long-term administration of omeprazole. C57BL/6 mice were divided in groups: OME and Sham, each received either solutions of omeprazole or vehicle, administered for 28 days by gavage. Results observed in the omeprazole-treated mice: Decrease in the crossing parameter in the open field, no change in the motor performance assessed by rotarod, an immobility time reduction in the forced swimming test, improved percentage of correct alternances in the Ymaze and an exploration time of the novel object reduction in the novel object recognition. Furthermore, a reduced weight gain and hippocampal weight were observed. There was an increase in the cytokine IL1-β levels in both prefrontal cortex (PFC) and serum, whereas TNF-α increased only in the PFC. Nitrite levels increased in the hippocampus (HP) and PFC, while malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels decreased. These findings suggest that omeprazole improves depressive-like behavior and working memory, likely through the increase in nitrite and reduction in MDA levels in PFC and HP, whereas, the impairment of the recognition memory is more likely to be related to the reduced hippocampal weight. The diminished weight gain might be associated with the IL-1β increased levels in the peripheral blood. Altogether, omeprazole showed to have the potential to impact at central level and inflammatory and oxidative parameters might exert a role between it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulce Maria Nascimento Coelho
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | - Daniel Moreira Alves da Silva
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Benício Alves
- Joint Master in Neuroscience/Graduate School of Pain (EURIDOL), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Raquell de Castro Chaves
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Manoela de Oliveira Rebouças
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - José Tiago Valentim
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Andressa Alexandre de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Iardja Stefane Lopes Sales
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Lucas Antonio Duarte Nicolau
- Biotechnology and Biodiversity Center Research, BIOTEC, Federal University of Parnaiba Delta, Parnaiba, Piaui, Brazil
| | - Francisca Cléa Florenço de Sousa
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil.
- , Fortaleza-Ceará, Brazil.
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A N, Khan Y, Sharma D, Sharma N, Mehta R, Gupta S. Estimation of depression, anxiety and serum cortisol in patients with oral lichen planus, leukoplakia and oral submucous fibrosis. Bioinformation 2024; 20:655-659. [PMID: 39131520 PMCID: PMC11312328 DOI: 10.6026/973206300200655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Stress and anxiety may be found in patients with oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF), oral leukoplakia (OL) and oral lichen planus (OLP). Cortisol, sometimes referred to as the "stress hormone," has been employed as a stress predictor. Therefore, it is of interest to estimate the levels of depression, anxiety and serum cortisol and establish correlation between them in patients with OL. OLP and OSMF. There were 240 patients, aged 20 years to 45 years, who were divided into four categories (OL, OSMF, OLP and control) of 60 patients apiece. In the supervision of a psychiatrist, the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM D) and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM (A) questionnaires were filled out. Five millilitres of venous blood were extracted using standard aseptic technique, and all of the samples were examined for serum cortisol level. Anxiety and depression was found in subjects of OL, OSMF and OLP at advanced stages. It was inferred that serum cortisol level was statistically correlated with depression and anxiety in patients with OL, OSMF and OLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagaraja A
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, Seema Dental College & Hospital, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Yusra Khan
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Jamia Millia Islamia University, New Delhi, India
| | - Dheeraj Sharma
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, Index Institute of Dental Sciences, Indore, M.P., India
| | - Neeraj Sharma
- Departmentof Prosthodontics, Modern Dental College & Research centre, Indore, M.P., Indore, India
| | - Ranjeeta Mehta
- DepartmentofOral Medicine ∓ Maxillofacial Radiology, Seema Dental College & Hospital, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sameer Gupta
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Inderprastha Dental College and Hospital, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Akter M, Roknuzzaman ASM, Shahriar M, Islam SMA, Ahmed Bhuiyan M, Qusar MMAS, Kabir ER, Islam R. Evaluation of serum MIP-1β and MCP-2 levels in major depressive disorder: A case-control study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305734. [PMID: 38889138 PMCID: PMC11185482 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common and debilitating mental illness characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a lack of interest in daily activities. The objective of this study was to investigate whether levels of macrophage inflammatory protein-1β (MIP-1β) and macrophage chemoattractant protein-2 (MCP-2) in the blood were associated with the pathophysiology and development of MDD compared to healthy controls (HCs). METHODS This case-control study was conducted involving 50 MDD patients and 38 HCs. We performed a comprehensive assessment to match age, sex, BMI, and socio-demographic profile between the groups. The study excluded participants with chronic infection, inflammatory diseases, coexisting psychiatric disorder, history of liver and kidney diseases, and individuals who are under antipsychotic medications. A professional psychiatrist diagnosed MDD patients and evaluated HCs based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 (DSM-5) criteria. The severity of depression was assessed using the Hamilton Depression (Ham-D) rating scale. Commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits were used to quantify the serum MIP-1β and MCP-2 levels. RESULTS The results indicated elevated serum MIP-1β levels (207.73±24.24 pg/ml) in MDD patients compared to HCs (58.77±9.14 pg/ml). This difference in concentration is positively correlated with severity of disease symptoms (r = 0.451; p<0.001). Similarly, the levels of MCP-2 were found to be elevated in patients compared to controls (143.61±19.92 vs. 56.84±4.02 pg/ml; p = 0.003), with a positive correlation with the Ham-D scores (r = 0.373; p = 0.004). CONCLUSION According to this study, elevated levels of MIP-1β and MCP-2 may be associated with the pathophysiology and development of MDD. These increased serum MIP-1β and MCP-2 levels could be used as risk assessment tools for MDD. The present findings urge further research and the development of therapeutic and diagnostic approaches for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya Akter
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Mohammad Shahriar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | | | | | - Eva Rahman Kabir
- School of Pharmacy, BRAC University, Merul Badda, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rabiul Islam
- School of Pharmacy, BRAC University, Merul Badda, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Bremer S, Weitkemper E, Häberlein H, Franken S. St. John's wort extract Ze 117 alters the membrane fluidity of C6 glioma cells by influencing cellular cholesterol metabolism. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9878. [PMID: 38684848 PMCID: PMC11059309 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60562-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress is associated with major depressive disorder (MDD). Increased glucocorticoid levels caused by uncontrolled release through the hypothalamic‒pituitary‒adrenal (HPA) axis can cause changes in the lipid content of the cellular plasma membrane. These changes are suspected to be involved in the development of depressive disorders. St. John's wort extract (SJW) Ze 117 has long been used as an alternative to synthetic antidepressants. Part of its effect may be due to an effect on the cellular lipid composition and thus on the properties of plasma membranes and receptor systems embedded therein. In this study, we investigated the effect of Ze 117 on that of dexamethasone and simvastatin. Dexamethasone increases the fluidity of C6 cell plasma membranes. This effect is counteracted by administration of Ze 117. Here we demonstrate that this is not due to a change in C16:1/16:0 and C18:1/18:0 ratios in C6 cell fatty acids. On the other hand, Ze 117 increased the cellular cholesterol content by 42.5%, whereas dexamethasone reduced cholesterol levels similarly to simvastatin. Lowering cholesterol levels by dexamethasone or simvastatin resulted in decreased β-arrestin 2 recruitment to the 5-HT1a receptor. This effect was counterbalanced by Ze 117, whereas the SJW extract had little effect on β-arrestin 2 recruitment in non-stressed cells. Taken together, in C6 cells, Ze 117 induces changes in membrane fluidity through its effect on cellular cholesterol metabolism rather than by affecting fatty acid saturation. This effect is reflected in an altered signal transduction of the 5-HT1a receptor under Ze 117 administration. The current in vitro results support the hypothesis that Ze 117 addresses relevant parts of the cellular lipid metabolism, possibly explaining some of the antidepressant actions of Ze 117.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swen Bremer
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Nussallee 11, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Eva Weitkemper
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Nussallee 11, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Hanns Häberlein
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Nussallee 11, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sebastian Franken
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Nussallee 11, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
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Kanon AP, Giezenaar C, Roy NC, Jayawardana IA, Lomiwes D, Montoya CA, McNabb WC, Henare SJ. Effects of Green and Gold Kiwifruit Varieties on Antioxidant Neuroprotective Potential in Pigs as a Model for Human Adults. Nutrients 2024; 16:1097. [PMID: 38674790 PMCID: PMC11055029 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Kiwifruit (KF) has shown neuroprotective potential in cell-based and rodent models by augmenting the capacity of endogenous antioxidant systems. This study aimed to determine whether KF consumption modulates the antioxidant capacity of plasma and brain tissue in growing pigs. Eighteen male pigs were divided equally into three groups: (1) bread, (2) bread + Actinidia deliciosa cv. 'Hayward' (green-fleshed), and (3) bread + A. chinensis cv. 'Hort16A' (yellow-fleshed). Following consumption of the diets for eight days, plasma and brain tissue (brain stem, corpus striatum, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex) were collected and measured for biomarkers of antioxidant capacity, enzyme activity, and protein expression assessments. Green KF significantly increased ferric-reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) in plasma and all brain regions compared with the bread-only diet. Gold KF increased plasma ascorbate concentration and trended towards reducing acetylcholinesterase activity in the brain compared with the bread-only diet. Pearson correlation analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between FRAP in the brain stem, prefrontal cortex, and hippocampus with the total polyphenol concentration of dietary interventions. These findings provide exploratory evidence for the benefits of KF constituents in augmenting the brain's antioxidant capacity that may support neurological homeostasis during oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander P. Kanon
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand;
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Te Ohu Rangahau Kai Facility, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (C.G.); (N.C.R.); (I.A.J.); (C.A.M.); (W.C.M.)
- Alpha-Massey Natural Nutraceutical Research Centre, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Caroline Giezenaar
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Te Ohu Rangahau Kai Facility, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (C.G.); (N.C.R.); (I.A.J.); (C.A.M.); (W.C.M.)
- Food Experience and Sensory Testing Laboratory, School of Food and Advanced Technology, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
| | - Nicole C. Roy
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Te Ohu Rangahau Kai Facility, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (C.G.); (N.C.R.); (I.A.J.); (C.A.M.); (W.C.M.)
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Isuri A. Jayawardana
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Te Ohu Rangahau Kai Facility, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (C.G.); (N.C.R.); (I.A.J.); (C.A.M.); (W.C.M.)
| | - Dominic Lomiwes
- Immune Health and Physical Performance, Nutrition and Health Group, The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand;
| | - Carlos A. Montoya
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Te Ohu Rangahau Kai Facility, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (C.G.); (N.C.R.); (I.A.J.); (C.A.M.); (W.C.M.)
- Smart Foods and Bioproducts, AgResearch Ltd., Te Ohu Rangahau Kai Facility, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Warren C. McNabb
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Te Ohu Rangahau Kai Facility, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (C.G.); (N.C.R.); (I.A.J.); (C.A.M.); (W.C.M.)
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Sharon J. Henare
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand;
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Te Ohu Rangahau Kai Facility, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (C.G.); (N.C.R.); (I.A.J.); (C.A.M.); (W.C.M.)
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Ng TJ, Ling J, Robbins LB, Kao TSA. Stress Management Interventions Among U.S. High School Adolescents: A Meta-Analysis. J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc 2024; 30:252-278. [PMID: 36971329 DOI: 10.1177/10783903231161608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent ineffective stress management has been associated with negative health outcomes, such as anxiety and depression. Comprehensively evaluating the effects of stress management interventions is needed. AIMS The aim of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the effects of stress management interventions on mental health outcomes (stress, anxiety, depression, and positive and negative affect) and perform moderation analysis to identify moderators of intervention effects on stress, anxiety, and depression among U.S. high school adolescents. METHODS Four databases (CINAHL, ERIC, PubMed, and PsycINFO) were searched. After literature screening, 24 articles describing 25 studies were retained. Hedge's g was calculated using random-effects models. Exploratory moderation analyses were performed to identify moderators. RESULTS The pooled effects on reducing stress were -0.36. The interventions had small effects on decreasing anxiety (g = -0.31) and depression (g = -0.23). Long-term follow-up effects were -0.77 on perceived stress, -0.08 on anxiety, and -0.19 on depression. Mind-body and cognitive-behavioral interventions had moderate effects on reducing anxiety (g = -0.51). Interventions with longer duration (>8 weeks) were more effective in reducing anxiety (-0.39 vs. -0.26) and depression (-0.36 vs. -0.17). CONCLUSIONS These findings support the short-term effectiveness of stress management interventions in improving mental health among high school adolescents in the United States. Subsequent research efforts should focus on sustaining long-term effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa J Ng
- Teresa J. Ng, PhD Student, BSN, RN, Michigan State University College of Nursing, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Jiying Ling
- Jiying Ling, PhD, RN, FAAN, Michigan State University College of Nursing, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Lorraine B Robbins
- Lorraine B. Robbins, PhD, RN, FNP-BC, FAAN, Michigan State University College of Nursing, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Tsui-Sui A Kao
- Tsui-sui "Annie" Kao, PhD, RN, FNP-BC, FAANP, Michigan State University College of Nursing, East Lansing, MI, USA
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Kouba BR, de Araujo Borba L, Borges de Souza P, Gil-Mohapel J, Rodrigues ALS. Role of Inflammatory Mechanisms in Major Depressive Disorder: From Etiology to Potential Pharmacological Targets. Cells 2024; 13:423. [PMID: 38474387 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The involvement of central and peripheral inflammation in the pathogenesis and prognosis of major depressive disorder (MDD) has been demonstrated. The increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-18, and TNF-α) in individuals with depression may elicit neuroinflammatory processes and peripheral inflammation, mechanisms that, in turn, can contribute to gut microbiota dysbiosis. Together, neuroinflammation and gut dysbiosis induce alterations in tryptophan metabolism, culminating in decreased serotonin synthesis, impairments in neuroplasticity-related mechanisms, and glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity. This review aims to highlight the inflammatory mechanisms (neuroinflammation, peripheral inflammation, and gut dysbiosis) involved in the pathophysiology of MDD and to explore novel anti-inflammatory therapeutic approaches for this psychiatric disturbance. Several lines of evidence have indicated that in addition to antidepressants, physical exercise, probiotics, and nutraceuticals (agmatine, ascorbic acid, and vitamin D) possess anti-inflammatory effects that may contribute to their antidepressant properties. Further studies are necessary to explore the therapeutic benefits of these alternative therapies for MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna R Kouba
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Laura de Araujo Borba
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Pedro Borges de Souza
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Joana Gil-Mohapel
- Island Medical Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Ana Lúcia S Rodrigues
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
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Supanta J, Brown JL, Bansiddhi P, Thitaram C, Punyapornwithaya V, Punturee K, Towiboon P, Somboon N, Khonmee J. Physiological changes in captive elephants in northern Thailand as a result of the COVID-19 tourism ban-stress biomarkers. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1351361. [PMID: 38406629 PMCID: PMC10884277 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1351361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The international travel ban instituted by the Thai government in March 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic greatly affected how tourist camp elephants were managed, with reductions in exercise opportunities, longer chaining hours, and diminished food provisioning. This study was conducted to determine how those changes affected health and welfare biomarkers in individual elephants over the 2 years of the countrywide lockdown (April 2020-April 2022). Blood and fecal samples were collected from 58 elephants at six camps (monthly in Year 1, quarterly in Year 2) and analyzed for stress biomarkers - fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (fGCM), serum oxidative stress [malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)], and stress leukograms. Overall, fGCM concentrations increased within the first few months and remained higher than pre-COVID levels, as did the H/L ratio, a measure affected by cortisol. Serum 8-OHdG, an indicator of DNA oxidative damage, also increased over time, while monocytosis and lymphopenia further suggested alterations in immune function as a result of stress. By contrast, another marker of oxidative stress, serum MDA, declined, possibly in response to reduced roughage and supplement intake. A notable finding was a seasonal pattern of fGCM that was significantly different from previous studies. Whereas higher fGCM during the rainy season were observed in this study, previously, concentrations were highest during the winter, high tourist season. Thus, ironically, both the presence and absence of tourists have been associated with increased fGCM concentrations, albeit for different reasons. Camp management factors negatively affecting stress outcomes included shorter chain lengths, longer chain hours, lack of exercise, and reduced roughage and supplements. Overall, it was clear that camps struggled to maintain adequate care for elephants during the COVID-19 pandemic, highlighting the importance of tourist income and need for contingency plans to cope with potential future disruptions to tourism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarawee Supanta
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Elephant and Wildlife Health, Chiang Mai University Animal Hospital, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Janine L. Brown
- Center of Elephant and Wildlife Health, Chiang Mai University Animal Hospital, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Elephant, Wildlife, and Companion Animals Research Group, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Center for Species Survival, Front Royal, VA, United States
| | - Pakkanut Bansiddhi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Elephant and Wildlife Health, Chiang Mai University Animal Hospital, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Elephant, Wildlife, and Companion Animals Research Group, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Chatchote Thitaram
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Elephant and Wildlife Health, Chiang Mai University Animal Hospital, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Elephant, Wildlife, and Companion Animals Research Group, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | - Khanittha Punturee
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Patcharapa Towiboon
- Center of Elephant and Wildlife Health, Chiang Mai University Animal Hospital, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nopphamas Somboon
- Small Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Jaruwan Khonmee
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Elephant and Wildlife Health, Chiang Mai University Animal Hospital, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Elephant, Wildlife, and Companion Animals Research Group, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Zorkina Y, Ushakova V, Ochneva A, Tsurina A, Abramova O, Savenkova V, Goncharova A, Alekseenko I, Morozova I, Riabinina D, Kostyuk G, Morozova A. Lipids in Psychiatric Disorders: Functional and Potential Diagnostic Role as Blood Biomarkers. Metabolites 2024; 14:80. [PMID: 38392971 PMCID: PMC10890164 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14020080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipids are a crucial component of the human brain, serving important structural and functional roles. They are involved in cell function, myelination of neuronal projections, neurotransmission, neural plasticity, energy metabolism, and neuroinflammation. Despite their significance, the role of lipids in the development of mental disorders has not been well understood. This review focused on the potential use of lipids as blood biomarkers for common mental illnesses, such as major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. This review also discussed the impact of commonly used psychiatric medications, such as neuroleptics and antidepressants, on lipid metabolism. The obtained data suggested that lipid biomarkers could be useful for diagnosing psychiatric diseases, but further research is needed to better understand the associations between blood lipids and mental disorders and to identify specific biomarker combinations for each disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana Zorkina
- Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alekseev, Zagorodnoe Highway 2, 115191 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, Kropotkinsky per. 23, 119034 Moscow, Russia
| | - Valeria Ushakova
- Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alekseev, Zagorodnoe Highway 2, 115191 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, Kropotkinsky per. 23, 119034 Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksandra Ochneva
- Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alekseev, Zagorodnoe Highway 2, 115191 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, Kropotkinsky per. 23, 119034 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Tsurina
- Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alekseev, Zagorodnoe Highway 2, 115191 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Abramova
- Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alekseev, Zagorodnoe Highway 2, 115191 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, Kropotkinsky per. 23, 119034 Moscow, Russia
| | - Valeria Savenkova
- Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alekseev, Zagorodnoe Highway 2, 115191 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Goncharova
- Moscow Center for Healthcare Innovations, 123473 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina Alekseenko
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academi of Science, 142290 Moscow, Russia
- Russia Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", 2, Kurchatov Square, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina Morozova
- Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alekseev, Zagorodnoe Highway 2, 115191 Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria Riabinina
- Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alekseev, Zagorodnoe Highway 2, 115191 Moscow, Russia
| | - Georgy Kostyuk
- Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alekseev, Zagorodnoe Highway 2, 115191 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Morozova
- Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alekseev, Zagorodnoe Highway 2, 115191 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, Kropotkinsky per. 23, 119034 Moscow, Russia
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10
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Sarmin N, Roknuzzaman ASM, Mouree TZ, Islam MR, Al Mahmud Z. Evaluation of serum interleukin-12 and interleukin-4 as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of major depressive disorder. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1652. [PMID: 38238514 PMCID: PMC10796357 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51932-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, scientists have focused on pro-inflammatory cytokines and immunological dysregulation in major depressive disorder (MDD). Some research suggests pro-inflammatory cytokines' role in MDD development, whereas anti-inflammatory studies are sparse. There is no systematic investigation of Bangladeshi MDD patients' pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. This study examines the blood levels of IL-12 and IL-4 in Bangladeshi patients and healthy controls (HCs) to determine the diagnostic accuracy of these cytokines to identify MDD patients from those without MDD. A total of 110 people with MDD from the department of psychiatry of a teaching hospital in Dhaka and 107 HCs from Dhaka participated in this case-control study. Depression and illness severity were gauged using DSM-5 criteria and Ham-D scores. Commercially marketed ELISA kits were used in accordance with manufacturer guidelines to measure the levels of IL-12 and IL-4 in peripheral blood, allowing a comparison of the patient and control groups. In comparison to HCs, MDD patients (5333.00 ± 307.40 pg/ml) showed noticeably higher levels of IL-12 than in HCs (2331.00 ± 207.40 pg/ml). The increased levels were positively correlated with Ham-D scores (male: r = 0.351, p < 0.050; female: r = 0.389, p < 0.050), suggesting a possible relationship to disease progression. Additionally, compared to HCs (272.81 ± 23.94 pg/ml), MDD patients had significantly higher peripheral blood levels of IL-4 (876.35 ± 66.73 pg/ml) (p < 0.001). Also, there was a positive correlation between IL-4 serum levels and Ham-D scores (male: r = 0.361, p < 0.050; female: r = 0.398, p < 0.050). Therefore, we observed increased levels of these serum cytokines and their association with the severity of depression. The results of this study demonstrate the possibility of IL-12 and IL-4 blood levels as distinct markers capable of differentiating between MDD patients and HCs, possibly acting as markers of MDD susceptibility. To ascertain the diagnostic effectiveness of these two cytokines, more research is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisat Sarmin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - A S M Roknuzzaman
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Tashfiya Zaman Mouree
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md Rabiul Islam
- School of Pharmacy, BRAC University, KHA 224, Progati Sarani, Merul Badda, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh.
| | - Zobaer Al Mahmud
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.
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11
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Nahar Z, Nowshin DT, Roknuzzaman ASM, Sohan M, Islam S, Qusar MMAS, Islam MR. Serum levels of interleukin-33 and mesencephalic astrocyte derived neurotrophic factors in patients with major depressive disorder: a cross-sectional comparative design. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:47. [PMID: 38216957 PMCID: PMC10785548 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05463-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a debilitating health condition that has significant morbidity and mortality rates. Depression can be caused due to social, biological, environmental, psychological, and genetic factors. A few biological processes have been proposed as the pathophysiological pathways of depression. Neurotrophic factors and inflammatory cytokines have been linked to depression. Thus, we aimed to investigate the serum interleukin-33 (IL-33) and mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) in MDD patients and corresponding healthy controls (HCs). METHOD This study involved the inclusion of 129 MDD patients and 125 HCs matched by sex and age. A psychiatrist evaluated the study participants following DSM-5 criteria. The severity of the illness was assessed utilizing the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (Ham-D). The serum concentrations of IL-33 and MANF were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. RESULTS The mean serum levels of IL-33 were decreased (159.12 ± 6.07 pg/ml vs. 180.60 ± 8.64 pg/ml, p = 0.042), and the MANF levels were increased (5.40 ± 0.19 ng/ml vs. 4.46 ± 0.21 ng/ml, p = 0.001) in MDD patients when compared to HCs. CONCLUSIONS The current study proposes that lower IL-33 and higher MANF serum levels are associated with MDD progression and depression severity. These biomarkers could be used as risk assessment tools for MDD. We recommend more investigation, including a significant population, to determine the precise function of IL-33 and MANF in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zabun Nahar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Delruba Tabassum Nowshin
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - A S M Roknuzzaman
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Sohan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Salsabil Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - M M A Shalahuddin Qusar
- Department of Psychiatry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Shahabagh, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md Rabiul Islam
- School of Pharmacy, BRAC University, KHA 224, Progati Sarani, 1212, Merul Badda, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
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12
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Akter S, Emon FA, Nahar Z, Shalahuddin Qusar M, Islam SMA, Shahriar M, Bhuiyan MA, Islam MR. Altered IL-3 and lipocalin-2 levels are associated with the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder: a case-control study. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:830. [PMID: 37957650 PMCID: PMC10644478 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05354-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a common mental ailment and is the primary reason for disability. It manifests a severe impact on moods, thoughts, and physical health. At present, this disorder has become a concern in the field of public health. Alteration of neurochemicals is thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of many psychiatric disorders. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate serum IL-3 and lipocalin-2 in MDD patients and healthy controls (HCs). METHOD We included a total of 376 participants in this study. Among them, 196 were MDD patients, and 180 were age-sex-matched HCs. MDD patients were recruited from the Psychiatry Department of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), but the controls were from different parts of Dhaka. All study participants were evaluated by a psychiatrist using the DSM-5 criteria. To assess the severity of the depression, we used the Hamilton depression (Ham-D) rating scale. Serum IL-3 and lipocalin-2 levels were measured using commercially available enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay kits (ELISA kits). RESULTS According to this study, we observed elevated serum levels of IL-3 (1,024.73 ± 29.84 pg/mL) and reduced levels of serum lipocalin-2 (29.019 ± 2.073 ng/mL) in MDD patients compared to HCs (911.11 ± 20.55 pg/mL and 48.065 ± 3.583 ng/mL, respectively). No associations between serum levels of IL-3 and lipocalin-2 and depression severity were observed in patients. CONCLUSIONS According to the present findings, alterations of serum IL-3 and lipocalin might be associated with the pathogenesis of MDD. These results support that altered serum neurochemicals can serve as early risk assessment markers for depression. Further interventional studies are recommended for a better understanding of the role of IL-3 and lipocalin-2 in the pathophysiology of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarmin Akter
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Faisal Abdullah Emon
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Zabun Nahar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Mma Shalahuddin Qusar
- Department of Psychiatry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Shahabagh, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | | | - Mohammad Shahriar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Mohiuddin Ahmed Bhuiyan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Rabiul Islam
- School of Pharmacy, BRAC University, 66 Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh.
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13
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Liu X, Yang L, Zhang G, Ling J. Neuroprotective Effects of Phenolic Antioxidant Tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ) in Brain Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:4909-4923. [PMID: 37191855 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03370-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Human life and health are gravely threatened by brain diseases. The onset and progression of the illnesses are influenced by a variety of factors, including pathogenic causes, environmental factors, mental issues, etc. According to scientific studies, neuroinflammation and oxidative stress play a significant role in the development and incidence of brain diseases by producing pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative tissue damage to induce inflammation and apoptosis. Neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and oxidative stress-related changes are inseparable factors in the etiology of several brain diseases. Numerous neurodegenerative diseases have undergone substantial research into the therapeutic alternatives that target oxidative stress, the function of oxidative stress, and the possible therapeutic use of antioxidants. Formerly, tBHQ is a synthetic phenolic antioxidant, which has been widely used as a food additive. According to recent researches, tBHQ can suppress the processes that lead to neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, which offers a fresh approach to treating brain diseases. In order to achieve the goal of decreasing inflammation and apoptosis, tBHQ is a specialized nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) activator that decreases oxidative stress and enhances antioxidant status by upregulating the Nrf2 gene and reducing nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) activity. This article reviews the effects of tBHQ on neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in recent years and looks into how tBHQ inhibits neuroinflammation and oxidative stress through human, animal, and cell experiments to play a neuroprotective role in Alzheimer's disease (AD), stroke, depression, and Parkinson's disease (PD). It is anticipated that this article will be useful as a reference for upcoming research and the creation of drugs to treat brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojin Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Medical College, Linyi, 276000, China
| | - Luodan Yang
- College of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Guoying Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.
| | - Jianya Ling
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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14
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Sohan M, Qusar MMAS, Shahriar M, Islam SMA, Bhuiyan MA, Islam MR. Association of reduced serum EGF and leptin levels with the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder: A case-control study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288159. [PMID: 37399205 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a heterogeneous mental disorder having a very diverse course and causing a significant changes in daily life. Though the exact pathophysiology of depression is still not known, an alteration in the serum levels of cytokines and neurotrophic factors was seen in MDD subjects. In this study, we compared the serum levels of 'pro-inflammatory cytokine leptin and neurotrophic factor EGF' in healthy controls (HCs) and MDD patients. To make the findings more accurate, we eventually looked for a correlation between altered serum leptin and EGF levels and the severity of the disease condition. METHODS For this case-control study, about 205 MDD patients were enrolled from the Department of Psychiatry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, and about 195 HCs were enrolled from various parts of Dhaka. The DSM-5 was utilized to evaluate and diagnose the participants. The HAM-D 17 scale was used to measure the severity of depression. After collecting blood samples, they were centrifuged to produce clear serum samples. These serum samples were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits to measure serum leptin and EGF levels. RESULTS We observed lowered serum EGF levels in MDD patients compared to HCs (524.70 ± 27.25 pg/ml vs. 672.52 ± 49.64 pg/ml, p = 0.009), and HAM-D score was elevated in MDD patients compared to HCs (17.17 ± 0.56 vs. 2.49 ± 0.43, p<0.001). But no correlation was established between serum EGF levels and the severity of depression. However, no significant differences were observed between MDD patients and HCs in the case of serum leptin levels (p = 0.231). CONCLUSION Our study findings suggest that reduced serum EGF levels have an impact on the pathogenesis of depression. But as per our investigation, the severity of depression is not correlated with altered EGF levels. Our findings regarding the association of EGF with MDD would help to use EGF as a risk indicator of depression. We suggest further clinical investigations to determine the precise function of leptin and EGF in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sohan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - M M A Shalahuddin Qusar
- Department of Psychiatry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Shahabagh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Shahriar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Md Rabiul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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15
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Manhard CE, Lucke-Wold B. Commentary: Discussing the antidepressant potential of silymarin. World J Pharmacol 2023; 12:18-24. [DOI: 10.5497/wjp.v12.i3.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of diet, dietary supplements, herbal remedies, and nutraceuticals for treatment of depression and anxiety is being increasingly explored. In this commentary, we discuss the recent findings on the antidepressant potential of silymarin (SILY) in mice and present an alternative approach. We highlight the extensive research on another phytochemical, curcumin, for the treatment of depression and anxiety. Finally, we suggest a future application, which investigates the potential synergistic effects of combined treatment with SILY and curcumin for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E Manhard
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, United States
| | - Brandon Lucke-Wold
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, United States
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16
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Jazvinšćak Jembrek M, Oršolić N, Karlović D, Peitl V. Flavonols in Action: Targeting Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation in Major Depressive Disorder. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24086888. [PMID: 37108052 PMCID: PMC10138550 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24086888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder is one of the most common mental illnesses that highly impairs quality of life. Pharmacological interventions are mainly focused on altered monoamine neurotransmission, which is considered the primary event underlying the disease's etiology. However, many other neuropathological mechanisms that contribute to the disease's progression and clinical symptoms have been identified. These include oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, hippocampal atrophy, reduced synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis, the depletion of neurotrophic factors, and the dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Current therapeutic options are often unsatisfactory and associated with adverse effects. This review highlights the most relevant findings concerning the role of flavonols, a ubiquitous class of flavonoids in the human diet, as potential antidepressant agents. In general, flavonols are considered to be both an effective and safe therapeutic option in the management of depression, which is largely based on their prominent antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. Moreover, preclinical studies have provided evidence that they are capable of restoring the neuroendocrine control of the HPA axis, promoting neurogenesis, and alleviating depressive-like behavior. Although these findings are promising, they are still far from being implemented in clinical practice. Hence, further studies are needed to more comprehensively evaluate the potential of flavonols with respect to the improvement of clinical signs of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Jazvinšćak Jembrek
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- School of Medicine, Catholic University of Croatia, Ilica 242, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nada Oršolić
- Division of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dalibor Karlović
- School of Medicine, Catholic University of Croatia, Ilica 242, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Psychiatry, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Center, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vjekoslav Peitl
- School of Medicine, Catholic University of Croatia, Ilica 242, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Psychiatry, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Center, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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17
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Nahar Z, Monisha ST, Qusar MMAS, Islam MR. Evaluation of serum interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist levels in major depressive disorder: A case‐control study. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1175. [PMID: 37008817 PMCID: PMC10050969 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by the occurrence of one or more depressive episodes lasting a minimum of 2 weeks and is marked by a persistently low mood and a lack of enjoyment in daily activities. The diagnosis of MDD is not possible by a well‐established laboratory test or biomarker. A wide range of potential biomarkers for depression have been proposed by many studies, but none of them has adequately described the correlation between the biomarkers and depression. The purpose of this study was to evaluate serum interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist (IL‐1RA) levels as an early depression risk factor. Methods The present case‐control study included 88 participants. Among them, 44 MDD patients enrolled from the psychiatry department of a public hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh, and 44 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls (HCs) from various sites in Dhaka city. A qualified psychiatrist evaluated the cases and HCs based on the fifth edition of the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM‐5). The Hamilton depression (Ham‐D) rating scale was employed to evaluate the intensity of depression. An enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay kit (Boster Bio, USA) was used to determine serum IL‐1RA concentrations. Results We observed no marked alteration in the serum concentration of IL‐1RA in MDD patients in comparison to HCs (292.81 ± 24.81 and 288 ± 24.87 pg/mL; p > 0.05). Among MDD patients, we found no noteworthy association between the severity of depression and serum IL‐1RA levels. Conclusion The findings of the present study imply that IL‐1RA may not be identified as a promising biomarker for risk assessment of depression. However, its neuroprotective role may be taken into consideration for the understanding of pathophysiology of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zabun Nahar
- Department of PharmacyUniversity of Asia PacificDhakaBangladesh
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18
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Hursitoglu O, Kurutas EB, Strawbridge R, Oner E, Gungor M, Tuman TC, Uygur OF. Serum NOX1 and Raftlin as new potential biomarkers of Major Depressive Disorder: A study in treatment-naive first episode patients. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 121:110670. [PMID: 36341844 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Biological factors are known to be important in understanding the pathogenesis of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation pathways are likely to play a critical role here. METHODS We undertook a study to investigate two novel biomarkers - serum NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX1) and Raftlin levels - in treatment-naive, smoking-free first episode patients with MDD compared to healthy controls (HCs) matched for age, sex and body mass index. RESULTS We found increased NOX1 and Raftlin levels in MDD patients compared to HCs. Both parameters showed very good diagnostic performance in the MDD group. In addition, we found a significant positive correlation between depression severity (HAMD) scores and both biomarker levels in the patient group. CONCLUSION To the best of our knowledge, this is the first human study to evaluate serum NOX1 and Raftlin levels in depression. NOX1, an important source of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and Raftlin, which may play a role in the inflammatory process, represent novel potential biomarkers of MDD. These findings support the implication of oxidative stress and inflammatory processes in patients with MDD, and indicate that the deteriorated ROS-antioxidant balance can be regulated via NOX1 in patients with depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur Hursitoglu
- Department of Psychiatry, Sular Academy Hospital, Kahramanmaras, Turkey.
| | - Ergul Belge Kurutas
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | - Rebecca Strawbridge
- Centre for Affective Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Erkan Oner
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Meltem Gungor
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Sanko University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Taha Can Tuman
- Medipol University, Medical Faculty, Department of Psychiatry, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Omer Faruk Uygur
- Ataturk University, Medical Faculty, Department of Psychiatry, Erzurum, Turkey
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Winiarska-Mieczan A, Kwiecień M, Jachimowicz-Rogowska K, Donaldson J, Tomaszewska E, Baranowska-Wójcik E. Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Neuroprotective Effects of Polyphenols-Polyphenols as an Element of Diet Therapy in Depressive Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032258. [PMID: 36768580 PMCID: PMC9916817 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Depressive disorders can affect up to 350 million people worldwide, and in developed countries, the percentage of patients with depressive disorders may be as high as 10%. During depression, activation of pro-inflammatory pathways, mitochondrial dysfunction, increased markers of oxidative stress, and a reduction in the antioxidant effectiveness of the body are observed. It is estimated that approximately 30% of depressed patients do not respond to traditional pharmacological treatments. However, more and more attention is being paid to the influence of active ingredients in food on the course and risk of neurological disorders, including depression. The possibility of using foods containing polyphenols as an element of diet therapy in depression was analyzed in the review. The possibility of whether the consumption of products such as polyphenols could alleviate the course of depression or prevent the progression of it was also considered. Results from preclinical studies demonstrate the potential of phenolic compounds have the potential to reduce depressive behaviors by regulating factors related to oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and modulation of the intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Winiarska-Mieczan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka St. 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-81-445-67-44
| | - Małgorzata Kwiecień
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka St. 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Karolina Jachimowicz-Rogowska
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka St. 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Janine Donaldson
- School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Ewa Tomaszewska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka St. 12, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewa Baranowska-Wójcik
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Human Nutrition, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna St. 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland
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Suhee FI, Shahriar M, Islam SMA, Bhuiyan MA, Islam MR. Elevated Serum IL-2 Levels are Associated With Major Depressive Disorder: A Case-Control Study. CLINICAL PATHOLOGY (THOUSAND OAKS, VENTURA COUNTY, CALIF.) 2023; 16:2632010X231180797. [PMID: 37360518 PMCID: PMC10285590 DOI: 10.1177/2632010x231180797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Numerous earlier studies have stated an association between major depressive disorder (MDD) and altered expression of inflammatory process. However, it still needs to determine whether the alteration of cytokines is the causative factor or a consequence of this disorder. Therefore, we attempted to evaluate the role of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-2 in the pathophysiology of depression. Methods We collected blood samples from 111 MDD patients and 112 healthy controls (HCs) matched by age and sex. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5) score was used to assess study participants. We determined the severity of depression using the Hamilton Depression (Ham-D) rating scale. We assayed serum levels of IL-2 using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kit. Results Elevated levels of IL-2 were detected in MDD patients than HCs (29.79 ± 6.18 and 12.77 ± 4.84 pg/ml, P < 0.05). We observed a higher level of IL-2 in female MDD patients compared to female HCs (31.98 ± 8.34 and 7.76 ± 0.36 pg/ml, P < 0.05). We witnessed a sex-specific correlation between the serum IL-2 levels and the Ham-D score and found that the females with higher Ham-D scores had higher serum IL-2 levels. Moreover, the ROC curve represented the good diagnostic performance of serum IL-2 levels as a biomarker with sensitivity and specificity values of 83.7% and 80.4%, respectively. Conclusions The current study findings indicate that elevated serum IL-2 levels are associated with MDD. This alteration may be the cause of triggering depression or a result of the activated inflammatory process during the depression. Therefore, we recommend further interventional research to clarify the actual reasons for these altered IL-2 levels in MDD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Md. Rabiul Islam
- Md. Rabiul Islam, Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh.
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Supti KF, Asaduzzaman M, Suhee FI, Shahriar M, Islam SMA, Bhuiyan MA, Qusar MMAS, Islam MR. Elevated Serum Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Levels are Associated With Major Depressive Disorder. CLINICAL PATHOLOGY (THOUSAND OAKS, VENTURA COUNTY, CALIF.) 2023; 16:2632010X231220841. [PMID: 38144435 PMCID: PMC10748934 DOI: 10.1177/2632010x231220841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Background Previous studies have suggested the involvement of an activated inflammatory process in major depressive disorder (MDD), as altered expression of inflammatory cytokines is observed in depression. This alteration can be the cause or a consequence of MDD. However, acknowledging inflammatory cytokines as prospective biomarkers would aid in diagnosing or guiding better therapeutic options. Therefore, we designed this study to assess the macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in depression. Method We collected blood samples from 115 MDD patients and 113 healthy controls (HCs) matched by age and sex. MDD patients were diagnosed by a qualified psychiatrist based on the symptoms mentioned in the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5). We applied the Hamilton depression (Ham-D) rating scale to assess the severity of depression. We assessed serum levels of MIF using ELISA kit (Boster Bio, USA). Result We detected increased serum MIF levels in MDD patients compared to HCs (6.15 ± 0.23 ng/mL vs 3.95 ± 0.21 ng/mL, P < 0.001). Moreover, this increase is more among female patients than female controls. Also, we noticed a positive correlation between altered MIF levels and the Ham-D scores (r = 0.233; P = 0.012), where we found that patients who scored higher on the Ham-D scale had higher MIF levels in serum. Moreover, the area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve represented the good diagnostic performance of altered serum MIF. Conclusion Our study findings indicate the association of pro-inflammatory cytokine MIF in the pathophysiology of depression as we identified elevated serum MIF levels in depressive patients compared to HCs. However, more researches are required to confirm whether this alteration of cytokine is the causative factor or a consequence of depression. We recommend conducting further studies to understand the pattern of this alteration of MIF levels in MDD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Md. Asaduzzaman
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Mohammad Shahriar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - MMA Shalahuddin Qusar
- Department of Psychiatry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Shahbagh, Ramna, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Nahar Z, Sal‐Sabil N, Sohan M, Qusar MMAS, Islam MR. Higher serum interleukin-12 levels are associated with the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder: A case-control study results. Health Sci Rep 2022; 6:e1005. [PMID: 36582626 PMCID: PMC9789678 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Major depressive disorder (MDD) is the fourth biggest health-related concern that dramatically impacts individuals' mental and physical health. Alteration of serum proinflammatory cytokine levels may take part in the development and progression of MDD. We aimed to explore and compare the role of interleukin-12 (IL-12) in MDD patients and healthy controls (HCs) and its involvement with the disease severity. Methods The present study included 85 patients and 87 age-sex matched HCs. A qualified psychiatrist utilized the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5) criteria to diagnose patients and evaluate HCs. We applied the Ham-D rating scale to measure the severity of depression. Serum IL-12 levels were measured using ELISA kits. Results We observed a notable increase in the serum levels of IL-12 in MDD patients compared to HCs (164.27 ± 10.18 pg/ml and 82.55 ± 4.40 pg/ml; p < 0.001). Moreover, we noticed a positive correlation between serum IL-12 levels and Ham-D scores in MDD patients (r = 0.363; p = 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed a good predictive performance (AUC = 0.871; p < 0.001) at the cut-off point of 53.46 pg/ml for serum IL-12. Conclusion The current study findings support that IL-12 levels are involved with the pathogenesis and inflammatory process in MDD. At the same time, this involvement may make this cytokine eligible for the risk evaluation of MDD. However, we recommend further interventional studies to explore more accurate associations between IL-12 and depressive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zabun Nahar
- Department of PharmacyUniversity of Asia PacificDhakaBangladesh
| | - Nisat Sal‐Sabil
- Department of PharmacyUniversity of Asia PacificDhakaBangladesh
| | - Md. Sohan
- Department of PharmacyUniversity of Asia PacificDhakaBangladesh
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Islam S, Islam T, Nahar Z, Shahriar M, Islam SMA, Bhuiyan MA, Islam MR. Altered serum adiponectin and interleukin-8 levels are associated in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder: A case-control study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276619. [PMID: 36409748 PMCID: PMC9678262 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a complex mental health condition that results in several obstacles including disabilities, loss of productivity, and economic burdens on both patients and society. Etiopathogenesis of MDD involves several factors such as sociodemographic, genetic, and biological determinants. However, any suitable biomarkers for risk assessment of depression have not been established yet. Alterations of cytokine are assumed to be involved in the pathophysiology and severity of the depressive disorder. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate serum adiponectin and interleukin-8 (IL-8) among MDD patients in Bangladesh. METHODS We recruited a total of 63 MDD patients and 94 age-sex matched healthy controls (HCs) in the present study. MDD patients were enrolled from a tertiary care teaching hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, and HCs from surrounding parts of Dhaka city. A psychiatrist assessed all the study participants following the criteria mentioned in the DSM-5. We applied the Hamilton depression (Ham-D) rating scale to assess the depression severity. Serum adiponectin and IL-8 levels were determined using ELISA kits (BosterBio, USA). RESULTS The mean serum concentration of adiponectin was decreased (30.67±4.43 μg/mL vs. 53.81±5.37 μg/mL), and the IL-8 level was increased (160.93±14.84 pg/mL vs. 88.68±6.33 pg/mL) in MDD patients compared to HCs. Sex-specific scatters plot graphs showed the distribution of adiponectin and IL-8 levels with Ham-D scores in MDD patients. Also, ROC curve analysis demonstrated good predictive performances of serum adiponectin and IL-8 for MDD with the area under the curve (AUC) as 0.895 and 0.806, respectively. CONCLUSION The present study findings suggest that alterations of serum adiponectin and IL-8 levels in MDD patients might be involved in the disease process. Therefore, we can use these changes of cytokines in serum levels as early risk assessment tools for depression. The present study findings should be considered preliminary. We propose further interventional studies to evaluate the exact role of adiponectin and IL-8 in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salsabil Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Towhidul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Zabun Nahar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Shahriar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Md. Rabiul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- * E-mail:
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Bayturan S, Sapmaz ŞY, Uzun AD, Kandemir H, Ecemiş T. Relationship of herpesvirus (HSV1, EBV, CMV, HHV6) seropositivity with depressive disorder and its clinical aspects: The first study in children. J Med Virol 2022; 94:5484-5491. [PMID: 35821494 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Infections can lead to the onset of mood disorders in adults, partly through inflammatory mechanisms. However pediatric data are lacking. The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between depressive disorder and seropositivity of herpes virus infections in children. The sample group consisted of patients diagnosed with depressive disorder according to DSM-5 diagnostic criteria and healthy volunteers, being between 11 and 18 years with clinically normal mental capacity. All children completed DSM-5-Level-2 Depression Scale, DSM-5-Level-2 Irritability Scale, DSM-5-Level-2 Sleep Scale, DSM-5-Level-2 Somatic Symptoms Scale. The levels of anti-HSV1-IgG, anti-CMV-IgG, anti-EBNA, and anti-HHV6-IgG were examined in all participants. Patients with an antibody value above the cut-off values specified in the test kits were evaluated as seropositive. The mean age was 15.54 ± 1.57 years in the depression group (DG), 14.87 ± 1.76 years in the healthy control group (CG). There were 4 boys (11.2%), 32 girls (88.8%) in the DG, 9 boys (21.9%) and 32 girls (78.04%) in the CG. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of the presence of seropositivity of HSV1, CMV, EBV, and HHV6. HHV6 antibody levels were significantly higher in the DG (p = 0.000). A significant positive correlation was found between HHV6 antibodies and DSM-5 level-2 somatic symptoms scale score. HHV6 antibody levels were found to be significantly higher in patients with existing suicidal ideation in the DG (n = 13) compared to those without existing suicidal ideation in the DG (p = 0.043). HHV6 persistent infections may be responsible for somatic symptoms and etiology of suicidal ideation in childhood depressive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semra Bayturan
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Şermin Yalın Sapmaz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Aylin Deniz Uzun
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Hasan Kandemir
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Talat Ecemiş
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
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Li Y, Yue Y, Chen S, Jiang W, Xu Z, Chen G, Zhu Z, Tan L, Yuan Y. Combined serum IL-6, C-reactive protein, and cortisol may distinguish patients with anhedonia in major depressive disorder. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:935031. [PMID: 36090246 PMCID: PMC9449462 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.935031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation and anhedonia in major depressive disorder (MDD) are closely connected, though the exact mechanism is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the relationships between cytokines, C-reactive protein (CRP), cortisol, and anhedonia, revealing the potential predictive value in identifying anhedonic MDD. In total, 66 patients with MDD (29 with anhedonia and 37 without anhedonia) and 66 healthy controls (HCs) were included. The severity of depression and anhedonia was evaluated using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression-24 (HAMD-24) and Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS), respectively. Serum cytokines were measured using flow cytofluorometric kits, while CRP and cortisol were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. We found higher serum levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-6, and cortisol in MDD than in HC where anhedonic MDD was highest. CRP and IL-6 were positively associated with anhedonia, and cortisol levels were related to both anhedonia and depression. A combination of IL-6, CRP, and cortisol had optimal predictive value for distinguishing anhedonic MDD. Anhedonic MDD has unique neuroendocrine-immune characteristics compared with those without anhedonia. The combination of IL-6, CRP, and cortisol might be an early marker to distinguish anhedonic MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Li
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingying Yue
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Suzhen Chen
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenhao Jiang
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi Xu
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zixin Zhu
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liangliang Tan
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yonggui Yuan
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Yonggui Yuan
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Upadhyaya K, Sharma PK, Akhtar A, Pilkhwal Sah S. Protective Effects of Zingerone Against Depression-Like Behavior and Biochemical Changes in Chronic Stressed Rats: Antioxidant Effects. J Med Food 2022; 25:576-587. [PMID: 35639359 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2021.k.0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginger contains zingerone, an active constituent possessing antioxidant and neuroprotective properties. The present study was designed to explore the efficacy of the bioactive compound, zingerone, for treating behavioral and biochemical alterations in rats exposed to chronic restraint stress (CRS). Female Wistar rats were administered zingerone (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg p.o.) once daily for a period of 28 days while being exposed to CRS (6 h/day). Our results indicated that the stressed animals depicted depression-like behavior (reduced sucrose preference and increased immobility time) associated with increased lipid peroxidation (LPO) (cortex), decreased catalase (CAT) (hippocampus and cortex), and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) (hippocampus and cortex). In addition, metabolic alterations were characterized by hyperglycemia and increased glycosylated hemoglobin in the CRS rats. However, no alterations were observed for learning and memory and in the levels of reduced glutathione. Repeated zingerone administration significantly reversed depression-like behavior elicited by CRS in rats. Furthermore, a significant antioxidant effect was exhibited by zingerone, as shown by decreased LPO and enhanced activity of SOD and CAT in chronically stressed rats. The findings of our study demonstrated that zingerone possesses protective actions against chronic stress-induced depressive-like behavioral, biochemical, and metabolic alterations and that its underlying mechanism may be attributed to its antioxidant properties. The results also signify its pharmacological and possible nutritional importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumud Upadhyaya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumaun University, Nainital, India
| | | | - Ansab Akhtar
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-CAS, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sangeeta Pilkhwal Sah
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-CAS, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Alvarez-Mon MA, Ortega MA, García-Montero C, Fraile-Martinez O, Lahera G, Monserrat J, Gomez-Lahoz AM, Molero P, Gutierrez-Rojas L, Rodriguez-Jimenez R, Quintero J, Alvarez-Mon M. Differential malondialdehyde (MDA) detection in plasma samples of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD): A potential biomarker. J Int Med Res 2022; 50:3000605221094995. [PMID: 35615790 PMCID: PMC9149615 DOI: 10.1177/03000605221094995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To measure plasma levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), a marker of oxidative stress (OS), in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) compared with healthy control (HC) subjects in order to determine if it is a possible biomarker of depression. METHODS This prospective cross-sectional study enrolled patients with MDD and HC subjects. The plasma levels of MDA were measured using a commercially-available colorimetric assay. RESULTS A total of 30 patients with MDD and 20 HC subjects with similar sex, age and body mass index distribution were enrolled in the study. Patients with MDD had significantly higher plasma levels of MDA than the HC subjects. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for plasma MDA levels in patients with MDD demonstrated an area under the curve of 0.9767. CONCLUSION The findings of this current study provide further evidence of the role pathophysiological relevance of OS and MDA in MDD. This study provides the basis for the use of MDA as a biomarker for MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Alvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of
Alcala, Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid,
Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital
Universitario Infanta Leonor, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Ortega
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of
Alcala, Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid,
Spain
- Cancer Registry and Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario
Principe de Asturias, Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Cielo García-Montero
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of
Alcala, Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid,
Spain
| | - Oscar Fraile-Martinez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of
Alcala, Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid,
Spain
- Cancer Registry and Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario
Principe de Asturias, Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Guillermo Lahera
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of
Alcala, Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid,
Spain
- Psychiatry Service, Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental
Health Network, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, Alcala de Henares,
Spain
| | - Jorge Monserrat
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of
Alcala, Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid,
Spain
| | - Ana M Gomez-Lahoz
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of
Alcala, Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid,
Spain
| | - Patricio Molero
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, University
Clinic of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Luis Gutierrez-Rojas
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of
Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Roberto Rodriguez-Jimenez
- Department of Legal Medicine and Psychiatry, Complutense
University, Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Health Research Hospital 12 de Octubre (IMAS 12),
CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Quintero
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital
Universitario Infanta Leonor, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Legal Medicine and Psychiatry, Complutense
University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Melchor Alvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of
Alcala, Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid,
Spain
- Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology, Oncology Service an
Internal Medicine, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias (CIBEREHD), Alcala
de Henares, Spain
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Haldar S, Roy S, Sen S, Dasgupta A, Ghosh S. Association of the Val66Met polymorphism of the BDNF gene and the deletional mutation of CYP2D6 gene with the prevalence and severity of depressive disorder in an Eastern Indian population. Indian J Psychiatry 2022; 64:269-276. [PMID: 35859549 PMCID: PMC9290417 DOI: 10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_541_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Val66Met single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the brain-derived growth factor (BDNF) and deletional mutation of the cytochrome P4502D6 (CYP2D6) have been reported to be linked to the etiology and severity of depressive disorders (DD) in a variable manner among different ethnicities and populations. AIMS The present study was aimed to find the relationship of mutational variations of these two neurotrophins with the severity of DD and their serum cortisol levels as a marker of the stress factor. METHODS In 104 drug-naïve newly diagnosed cases of DD and 106 control subjects, the severity of depression was assessed using the HAM-D score. Val66Met SNP of the BDNF was analyzed in them using restriction digestion of its polymerase chain reaction (PCR) product. CYP2D6 deletional variants were detected by the absence of their PCR products. Serum cortisol levels were measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. RESULTS The Chi-square test (Χ2 = 1.42, P = 0.49) did not show any higher prevalence of Val66Met SNP of the BDNF gene in the case group. A correlation coefficient (R) of -0.14 for HAM-D score with a P value of 0.29 signified no direct link of the severity of DD with this SNP. However, a Χ2 of 12.68 with P < 0.001 indicated a significantly higher prevalence of the CYP2D6 deletional mutants in DD cases, whereas an R-value of 0.39 for HAM-D score with P < 0.001 suggested a significantly higher severity of DD having with them. Serum cortisol level showed a significant positive correlation with the deletional variants of CYP2D6 (R = 0.198, P = 0.04) and the HAM-D score (R = 0.22, P = 0.025). CONCLUSION We conclude that CYP2D6 deletion significantly contributes to the severity and stress factor in the DD patients in our study population. Early identification of these mutations may provide important molecular and cellular predisposition for the disease and may lay the ground for possible more effective measures of intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somnath Haldar
- Department of Biochemistry, Calcutta National Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Suparna Roy
- Department of Biochemistry, Calcutta National Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Santanu Sen
- Department of Biochemistry, Calcutta National Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Anindya Dasgupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Calcutta National Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Srijit Ghosh
- Department of Psychiatry, Calcutta National Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Wu X, Dai B, Yan F, Chen Y, Xu Y, Xia Q, Zhang X. Serum Cortisol, Nesfatin-1, and IL-1β: Potential Diagnostic Biomarkers in Elderly Patients with Treatment-Resistant Depression. Clin Interv Aging 2022; 17:567-576. [PMID: 35480963 PMCID: PMC9038158 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s361459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) affects approximately 30% of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), especially elderly patients. As individuals with TRD are at an increased risk of committing suicide and pose a higher risk of relapse, early diagnostic biomarkers of TRD and a better understanding of the resistance mechanism are highly needed. This study aimed to determine whether serum cortisol, nesfatin-1, and pro-inflammatory cytokines can be used as biomarkers for the diagnosis of elderly patients with TRD. Methods Thirty elderly patients with TRD were selected as the TRD group. Thirty elderly patients with MDD who were effectively treated with conventional antidepressants were selected as the non-TRD group. The baseline levels of serum cortisol, nesfatin-1, and pro-inflammatory cytokines were measured and compared, and their diagnostic values were evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve method for discriminating patients with TRD from those without TRD. Results Serum cortisol, C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were significantly higher in the non-TRD and TRD groups than in the control group. Moreover, serum cortisol, CRP, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels in the TRD group were significantly lower than those in the non-TRD group. Furthermore, serum nesfatin-1 levels in the non-TRD group were significantly lower than those in the control and TRD groups, while the serum IL-1β levels in the non-TRD group were significantly higher than those in the control and TRD groups. Additionally, an ROC analysis revealed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.929 for the combination of nesfatin-1 and IL-1β and an AUC of 0.956 for the combination of cortisol, nesfatin-1, and IL-1β in discriminating elderly patients with TRD from those without non-TRD. Conclusion Serum cortisol, nesfatin-1, and IL-1β may be potential diagnostic biomarkers for discriminating elderly patients with TRD from those without TRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Wu
- Department of Geriatric Psychology, Hefei Fourth People’s Hospital, Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Biao Dai
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacy, Hefei Fourth People’s Hospital, Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fanfan Yan
- Department of Geriatric Psychology, Hefei Fourth People’s Hospital, Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
- Modified Electroconvulsive Therapy Room, Hefei Fourth People’s Hospital, Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yayun Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingrong Xia
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Science and Education, Hefei Fourth People’s Hospital, Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xulai Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Psychology, Hefei Fourth People’s Hospital, Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Xulai Zhang, Department of Geriatric Psychology, Hefei Fourth People’s Hospital, Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 316 Huangshan Road, Hefei, 230032, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 551 63616022, Fax +86 551 63616022, Email
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Lisanti AJ, Demianczyk A, Vogiatzi MG, Quinn R, Chittams J, Hoffman R, Medoff-Cooper B. The Associations of Psychologic and Physiologic Manifestations of Parental Stress in Critical Congenital Heart Disease. Biol Res Nurs 2022; 24:316-326. [DOI: 10.1177/10998004221077136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: The primary objective of this exploratory, feasibility study was to examine the relationships of self-reported perceived stressors and psychological stress responses with measures of the biomarker cortisol in parents of infants hospitalized after neonatal cardiac surgery for critical congenital heart disease (cCHD). Methods: This was a prospective, cross-sectional study of 28 biological mother–father dyads of neonates with cCHD using consecutive enrollment. In the postoperative period after neonatal cardiac surgery, parents provided awakening and diurnal saliva samples and self-report measures on stress, anxiety, depression, dyadic adjustment, and perceived severity of illness of their neonate. Results: Evaluable data, including salivary cortisol samples, were obtained for 27 of the 28 dyads enrolled in the study. Compared to fathers, mothers exhibited significantly higher mean cortisol values at wakeup ( p = .032), 30-minute post-wakeup ( p = .024), and bedtime ( p = .010) timepoints. Anxiety and depressive symptoms were both significant predictors of awakening cortisol measures. Depressive symptoms were also a predictor of diurnal cortisol ( p < .05). Stress arising from infant appearance and behavior was found to significantly predict cortisol awakening response ( p = .0403). Conclusions: Findings suggest that cortisol may be an important biomarker in the examination of parent stress in the pediatric cardiac intensive care unit (PCICU), serving as a foundation for future study in this area. Furthermore, we have provided preliminary evidence of feasibility of including saliva collection in studies of highly stressed parents in a challenging environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Jo Lisanti
- School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Research Institute, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Abigail Demianczyk
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Maria G. Vogiatzi
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ryan Quinn
- School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jesse Chittams
- School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rebecca Hoffman
- School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Wang X, Peng Y, Zhou H, Du W, Wang J, Wang J, Wu T, Tang X, Lv Y, Gong J. The Effects of Enriched Rehabilitation on Cognitive Function and Serum Glutamate Levels Post-stroke. Front Neurol 2022; 13:829090. [PMID: 35370905 PMCID: PMC8967952 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.829090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim This study aimed to explore the effect of enriched rehabilitation (ER) on cognitive function and serum glutamate levels in patients with stroke. Methods Forty patients diagnosed with post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI), according to the inclusion criteria, and undergoing inpatient rehabilitation were enrolled in the study. Patients were randomly assigned to receive 8 weeks of ER treatment (ER group; n = 20) or conventional medical treatment (CM group; n = 20). In addition, 20 age-matched healthy subjects who were outpatients in our hospital during the same period formed the healthy control (HC) group. In- and between-group differences in cognitive function were assessed during pre-intervention and post-intervention based on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), and the Trail Making Test (TMT). The serum levels of glutamate, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were also detected pre-intervention and post-intervention. Results Pre-intervention cognitive function and the levels of all the serum parameters assessed significant difference between the HC group and the PSCI group (both ER and CM groups) (p < 0.05), but not between the two groups of patients with PSCI (p > 0.05). Significant improvements were observed in cognitive function in both the ER and the CM groups post-intervention compared with pre-intervention, as evidenced by the measured improvement in MoCA, SDMT, and TMT scores. Similar improvements were seen for serum glutamate, the degree of oxidative damage, and the level of inflammation in both the treatment groups (p < 0.05). More enhancements in cognitive function, including MoCA, SDMT, TMT scores, and the serum levels of glutamate, the degree of oxidative damage, and the level of inflammation were shown in the ER group compared with the CM group post-intervention (p < 0.05). Conclusions ER can improve cognitive function in patients with PSCI. The associated mechanism may be related to the negative regulatory effect of ER on serum glutamate, TNF, and MDA levels, which is likely to enhance synaptic plasticity and alleviate oxidative stress- and inflammation-related damage, at least to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Xin Wang
| | - Yuan Peng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongyu Zhou
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wanchun Du
- Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Junya Wang
- Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - JiaJin Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yangzhou Clinical Medical College of Dalian Medical University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yangzhou Clinical Medical College of Dalian Medical University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojia Tang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yichen Lv
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Jianwei Gong
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
- *Correspondence: Jianwei Gong
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van Rensburg D, Lindeque Z, Harvey BH, Steyn SF. Reviewing the mitochondrial dysfunction paradigm in rodent models as platforms for neuropsychiatric disease research. Mitochondrion 2022; 64:82-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Rahman S, Shanta AA, Daria S, Nahar Z, Shahriar M, Qusar MMAS, Islam SMA, Bhuiyan MA, Islam MR. Increased serum resistin but not G-CSF levels are associated in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder: Findings from a case-control study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264404. [PMID: 35213631 PMCID: PMC8880862 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many studies have predicted major depressive disorder (MDD) as the leading cause of global health by 2030 due to its high prevalence, disability, and illness. However, the actual pathophysiological mechanism behind depression is unknown. Scientists consider alterations in cytokines might be tools for understanding the pathogenesis and treatment of MDD. Several past studies on several inflammatory cytokine expressions in MDD reveal that an inflammatory process is activated, although the precise causes of that changes in cytokine levels are unclear. Therefore, we aimed to investigate resistin and G-CSF in MDD patients and controls to explore their role in the pathogenesis and development of depression. Methods We included 220 participants in this study. Among them, 108 MDD patients and 112 age-sex matched healthy control (HCs). We used DSM-5 to evaluate study participants. Also, we applied the Ham-D rating scale to assess the severity of patients. Serum resistin and G-CSF levels were measured using ELISA kits (BosterBio, USA). Results The present study observed increased serum resistin levels in MDD patients compared to HCs (13.82 ± 1.24ng/mL and 6.35 ± 0.51ng/mL, p <0.001). However, we did not find such changes for serum G-CSF levels between the groups. Ham-D scores showed a significant correlation with serum resistin levels but not G-CSF levels in the patient group. Furthermore, ROC analysis showed a fairly predictive performance of serum resistin levels in major depression (AUC = 0.746). Conclusion The present study findings suggest higher serum resistin levels are associated with the pathophysiology of MDD. This elevated serum resistin level may serve as an early risk assessment indicator for MDD. However, the role of serum G-CSF in the development of MDD is still unclear despite its neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smaranika Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Amena Alam Shanta
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sohel Daria
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Zabun Nahar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Shahriar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - MMA Shalahuddin Qusar
- Department of Psychiatry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Shahabagh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Md. Rabiul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- * E-mail:
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Aleksic M, Brkic Z, Petrovic Z, Francija E, Lukic I, Adzic M. Sex‐specific contribution of glucocorticoid receptor alpha isoforms to anxiety and depressive‐like behavior in mice. J Neurosci Res 2022; 100:1239-1253. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minja Aleksic
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, “VINČA” Institute of Nuclear Sciences ‐ National Institute of thе Republic of Serbia University of Belgrade Belgrade Serbia
| | - Zeljka Brkic
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, “VINČA” Institute of Nuclear Sciences ‐ National Institute of thе Republic of Serbia University of Belgrade Belgrade Serbia
| | - Zorica Petrovic
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx New York USA
| | - Ester Francija
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, “VINČA” Institute of Nuclear Sciences ‐ National Institute of thе Republic of Serbia University of Belgrade Belgrade Serbia
| | - Iva Lukic
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, “VINČA” Institute of Nuclear Sciences ‐ National Institute of thе Republic of Serbia University of Belgrade Belgrade Serbia
| | - Miroslav Adzic
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, “VINČA” Institute of Nuclear Sciences ‐ National Institute of thе Republic of Serbia University of Belgrade Belgrade Serbia
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Zajkowska Z, Gullett N, Walsh A, Zonca V, Pedersen GA, Souza L, Kieling C, Fisher HL, Kohrt BA, Mondelli V. Cortisol and development of depression in adolescence and young adulthood - a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2022; 136:105625. [PMID: 34920399 PMCID: PMC8783058 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis has been implicated in the development of major depressive disorder (MDD) in adulthood. Less work has focused on the role of the HPA axis in depression in adolescence and young adulthood globally. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of worldwide research investigating the relationship between cortisol, a measure of HPA axis activity, and MDD in adolescence and young adulthood. METHOD We searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Web of Science, Lilacs, African Journals Online, and Global Health for studies which examined the relationship between cortisol and MDD in global youth (10-24 years old). RESULTS Twenty-six studies were included in the systematic review and 14 were eligible for the meta-analysis, but only one study included young adults in their sample. Results from the meta-analysis demonstrated that elevated morning, but not evening, cortisol levels was prospectively associated with later MDD development in adolescence and young adulthood. However, morning cortisol levels did not significantly differ between healthy controls and individuals with MDD in cross-sectional studies. Afternoon cortisol and cortisol stress response also did not differ between adolescents with MDD and healthy controls. Qualitative synthesis of the three studies examining nocturnal cortisol showed higher nocturnal cortisol was both longitudinally and cross-sectionally associated with MDD in adolescence. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest elevated morning cortisol precedes depression in adolescence. Despite this, we did not find any differences in other cortisol measures in association with MDD in cross-sectional studies. Taken together, these findings suggest that elevated morning and nocturnal cortisol are risk factors for depression in adolescence rather than a biomarker of existing MDD. This supports a role for the hyperactivity of the HPA axis in the development of MDD in adolescence. Most of the studies were from high-income-countries (HICs) and thus further work would need to be conducted in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) to understand if our findings are generalisable also to these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna Zajkowska
- King’s College London, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Nancy Gullett
- King’s College London, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Annabel Walsh
- King’s College London, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Valentina Zonca
- King’s College London, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK,Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Gloria A. Pedersen
- Division of Global Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, 2120L St NW, Ste 600, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Laila Souza
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350 – 400N, Porto Alegre, RS 90035–903, Brazil
| | - Christian Kieling
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350 – 400N, Porto Alegre, RS 90035–903, Brazil
| | - Helen L. Fisher
- King’s College London, Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK,ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Brandon A. Kohrt
- Division of Global Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, 2120L St NW, Ste 600, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Valeria Mondelli
- King's College London, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, King's College London, London, UK.
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Proma MA, Daria S, Nahar Z, Ashraful Islam SM, Bhuiyan MA, Islam MR. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 levels are associated with major depressive disorder. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2022; 33:735-741. [PMID: 34983131 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2021-0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a distressing condition characterized by persistent low mood, loss of interest in daily activities. Researchers consider several biological, psycho-social, and genetic factors are involved in depression. The present study aimed to investigate the serum levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in MDD patients to explore its role in depression. METHODS This case-control study recruited 114 MDD patients and 106 healthy controls (HCs) matched by age and gender. A specialized psychiatrist diagnosed the cases and evaluated the controls based on the diagnostic and statistical manual for mental disorders, 5th edition. We quantified serum MCP-1 levels using commercially available enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay kits. Also, we applied the Hamilton depression rating scale (Ham-D) to measure the severity of depression. RESULTS We observed the decreased levels of serum MCP-1 in MDD patients compared to HCs. Also, we obtained a significant negative correlation between serum MCP-1 levels and Ham-D scores. Moreover, female MDD patients with higher Ham-D scores exhibited lower serum MCP-1 levels. The receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated the good diagnostic value of MCP-1 with the area under the curve at 0.837. CONCLUSIONS The depression-related alteration of serum MCP-1 may be more complicated than the current assumption and depends on the characteristics of the individual patients. Our study suggests that the serum MCP-1 levels might involve in the pathophysiology and mechanism of MDD. The present findings, along with the diagnostic evaluation, might be used to evaluate depressive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sohel Daria
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Zabun Nahar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Md Rabiul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Loo JL, Mohamad Kamal NA, Goon JA, Ahmad Damanhuri H, Tan JAC, Abdul Murad NA, Shah SA, Sulaiman SA, Fazry S, Sharip S, Mohamed Saini S, Gunasekaran G, Maniam T, A. Jamal AR, Wan Ngah WZ, Mohd Badli Shah FS, Chan LF. The Role of Oxidative Stress in Suicidal Behaviour Among Bipolar Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Malaysian Sample. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:698911. [PMID: 34916966 PMCID: PMC8669431 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.698911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Oxidative stress markers are found to be linked with depression and suicide attempts in bipolar disorder (BD), although the role of DNA damage as a marker of suicidal ideation and attempt has yet to be determined. We aim to investigate the association between DNA damage and suicidal behaviour, i.e., suicidal ideation and suicide attempt, among suicidal ideators in BD patients while accounting for clinical and psychosocial risk factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre on 62 consecutive BD patients diagnosed using the M.I.N.I. Neuropsychiatric Interview and 26 healthy control participants. Socio-demographic and clinical assessments were performed using the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) for lifetime suicidal ideation and attempt, Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (QIDS) for depression severity, Clinical Global Impression for Bipolar Disorder (CGI-BD) for illness severity [both mania (CGI-Mania) and major depressive episode (CGI-MDE)], Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) for change in life events, and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS) for behavioural impulsivity. The degree of DNA damage in peripheral blood samples was determined using a standard protocol of comet assay. Results: Multivariable logistic regression revealed higher scores of CGI-MDE as the sole significant factor for lifetime suicidal ideation (OR = 1.937, 95% CI = 1.799-2.076). Although initial bivariate analysis showed a significant association between DNA damage, malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), and suicidal behaviour, the findings were not seen in multivariable logistic regression. Bivariate subgroup analysis showed that moderate and severe DNA damage (p = 0.032 and p = 0.047, respectively) was significantly associated with lifetime suicide attempts among lifetime suicidal ideators. The study is the first to look at the connexion between DNA damage and suicidal risk in bipolar patients. It is limited by the small sample size and lack of information on illicit substance use. Conclusions: More severe DNA damage was significantly associated with lifetime suicide attempts among lifetime suicidal ideators in BD. However, the severity of depression was found to be independently associated with lifetime suicidal ideation per se rather than DNA damage in BD. Larger prospective studies are required to ascertain the potential of DNA damage as a biomarker for the transition from suicidal ideation to a suicide attempt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiann Lin Loo
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, Wrexham, United Kingdom
| | - Nurul Ain Mohamad Kamal
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jo Aan Goon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hanafi Ahmad Damanhuri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jaclyn Ai Chin Tan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nor Azian Abdul Murad
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shamsul Azhar Shah
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siti Aishah Sulaiman
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shazrul Fazry
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Shalisah Sharip
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Suriati Mohamed Saini
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Geetha Gunasekaran
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Thambu Maniam
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - A. Rahman A. Jamal
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wan Zurinah Wan Ngah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Lai Fong Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Associations of serum cystatin C with depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation in major depressive disorder. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:576. [PMID: 34789194 PMCID: PMC8596898 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03509-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) have high suicidal ideation. There is evidence that serum cystatin C (Cys C) may be involved in the pathophysiology of MDD. The present study aimed to investigate Cys C concentration in patients with MDD and clarify its possible association with depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation. METHODS An online cross-sectional survey of 159 patients diagnosed with MDD was conducted. Serum Cys C levels were measured using ADVIA 2400 biochemical analyzer. The 24-item Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD-24) was administered to evaluate the depressive symptoms. Generalized linear regression, logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models were used to examine the association of serum Cys C levels with depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation. RESULTS Serum Cys C levels were higher in MDD patients than in controls (p = 0.001) and were positively associated with scores on HAMD-24 in unadjusted (gender distribution, age, smoking, alcohol consumption, family history of depression and traumatic life events; (p = 0.003) and fully adjusted linear regression model (p = 0.005). The fully adjusted regression coefficient with 95% confidence intervals for serum Cys C levels and HAMD-24 score was 30.339 (9.602 to 51.077). The level of Cys C in the suicidal ideation (SI) group was significantly higher than that in the non-suicide ideation (non-SI) group (p = 0.001). Serum Cys C levels were positively associated with suicidal ideation in each logistic regression model (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Serum Cys C levels were elevated in MDD patients and appeared to be positively correlated with depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation. These findings suggest that the dysfunction of Cys C may be involved in the severity of depression and in the pathophysiological process of MDD. Thus, regulation of serum Cys C could potentially be an effective predictor of the severity of depression and potentially, play a role in reducing the risk of suicide in MDD patients.
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Jahan I, Islam MR, Islam MR, Ali R, Rahman SMM, Nahar Z, Hasnat A, Islam MS. Altered serum elements, antioxidants, MDA, and immunoglobulins are associated with an increased risk of seborrheic dermatitis. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06621. [PMID: 33855245 PMCID: PMC8027277 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The exact mechanism for the pathophysiology of seborrheic dermatitis (SD) remains unknown. According to past knowledge, neuropsychiatric disorders, weak immune responses, fungal infections, antioxidants deficiencies, and inadequate nutrition might involve in SD. Here we evaluated serum trace elements, micronutrients, antioxidants, malondialdehyde (MDA), and immunoglobulins in SD patients. Methods This case-control study recruited 75 SD patients and 76 age-and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs). We measured serum micronutrients using atomic absorption spectroscopic methods. Similarly, we assessed serum antioxidants applying the RP-HPLC techniques. Also, serum MDA and immunoglobulins levels were evaluated by UV-spectrophotometric and turbidimetric methods, respectively. Results We observed higher serum levels of copper, manganese, iron, calcium, magnesium, and MDA in SD patients than HCs. Together with vitamin E, we noticed lower serum concentrations of immunoglobulin A, G, and M in SD patients than HCs. The present study detected a positive correlation between serum zinc and calcium levels (r = 0.365, p = 0.009) in SD patients. However, we identified a negative correlation between serum copper and calcium levels (r = -0.298, p = 0.035). Conclusion The present study suggests that the altered levels of micronutrients, antioxidants, MDA, and immunoglobulins are associated with the pathophysiology of SD. These changes may not be the cause but the consequences of the disease. These findings might help to understand the etiopathology and management of SD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishrat Jahan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.,Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A, Green Road, Dhaka, 1215, Bangladesh
| | - Md Rabiul Islam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.,Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A, Green Road, Dhaka, 1215, Bangladesh
| | - Md Reazul Islam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Rubaiya Ali
- Apollo Hospitals Dhaka, Bashundhara R/A, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | - S M Matiur Rahman
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Ad-din Women's Medical College Hospital, 2 Bara Maghbazar Outer Circular Road, Dhaka, 1217, Bangladesh
| | - Zabun Nahar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A, Green Road, Dhaka, 1215, Bangladesh
| | - Abul Hasnat
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md Saiful Islam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
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40
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Chojnowska S, Ptaszyńska-Sarosiek I, Kępka A, Knaś M, Waszkiewicz N. Salivary Biomarkers of Stress, Anxiety and Depression. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10030517. [PMID: 33535653 PMCID: PMC7867141 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10030517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress, anxiety and depressive disorders are often characterized by the activation of the stress axis, which results in similar symptoms at some point in these disorders. These disorders are closely related to each other—they occur simultaneously or follow one another. The diagnosis of stress, anxiety and depression is not a perfect procedure currently—it is based on patient observation and an interview with the patient and their family. There are no laboratory tests that would dispel the doubts of the doctor making the diagnosis and allow the appropriate treatment to be implemented as soon as possible. Therefore, this study will review the components of saliva that could be helpful in the quick diagnosis of stress, anxiety and/or depression. Such potential salivary biomarkers could also be useful in monitoring the effectiveness of pharmacological treatment prescribed by a psychiatrist. The following are promising salivary biomarkers of stress, anxiety or depression: cortisol, immunoglobulin A (sIgA), lysozyme, melatonin, α-amylase (sAA), chromogranin A (CgA) and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2). To the best valuable potential salivary markers of stress, we can include cortisol, lysozyme, sAA and CgA. To differentiate depression from stress, salivary cortisol and melatonin can be helpful. Fluctuations in the concentrations of the above-mentioned substances in saliva indicate a particularly strong relationship with typical human psychological problems, such as stress, depression or anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Chojnowska
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Lomza State University of Applied Sciences, Akademicka Street 14, 18-400 Lomza, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Alina Kępka
- Department of Biochemistry, Radioimmunology and Experimental Medicine, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Knaś
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Lomza State University of Applied Sciences, Akademicka Street 14, 18-400 Lomza, Poland;
| | - Napoleon Waszkiewicz
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Bialystok, 16-070 Choroszcz, Poland;
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Szczepankiewicz D, Narożna B, Celichowski P, Sakrajda K, Kołodziejski P, Banach E, Zakowicz P, Pruszyńska-Oszmałek E, Pawlak J, Wiłkość M, Dmitrzak-Węglarz M, Skibińska M, Bejger A, Twarowska-Hauser J, Rybakowski JK, Nogowski L, Szczepankiewicz A. Genes involved in glucocorticoid receptor signalling affect susceptibility to mood disorders. World J Biol Psychiatry 2021; 22:149-160. [PMID: 32400287 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2020.1766109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In mood disorders chronic stress contributes to decreased glucocorticoid receptor signalling in the brain and resistance in the periphery. We hypothesised that aberrant glucocorticoid receptor function may result from genetic predisposition and that decreased GR signalling in the brain correlates with the expression of genes regulating GR complex formation. METHODS We performed the association analysis of 698 patients: 490 patients with bipolar disorder and 208 patients with major depressive disorder and 564 control subjects. We genotyped 11 variants using TaqMan assays. Gene expression in the brain tissue was done in male Wistar rats after chronic mild stress protocol. The SRSF5 serum concentration was performed using ELISA. Data were analysed in Statistica and GraphPad. RESULTS We found an association of STIP1 and SRSF5 variants with major depressive disorder and BAG1 variant with bipolar disorder. Gene expression analysis in a rat model of depression confirmed significant changes in the expression of SRSF5, BAG1, and FKBP4 in the brain. For SRSF5, we observed significantly increased expression in the serum of depressed females and male rats exposed to chronic stress. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate the involvement of genes associated with GR function, SRSF5, BAG1, and FKBP4 with susceptibility to mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Szczepankiewicz
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Beata Narożna
- Molecular and Cell Biology Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland
| | - Piotr Celichowski
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Kosma Sakrajda
- Molecular and Cell Biology Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland
| | - Paweł Kołodziejski
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Ewa Banach
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Przemysław Zakowicz
- Department of Psychiatric Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.,Children and Adolescent Treatment Center, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Ewa Pruszyńska-Oszmałek
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Joanna Pawlak
- Department of Psychiatric Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Monika Wiłkość
- Department of Individual Differences Psychology, Psychology Institute, Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | | | - Maria Skibińska
- Department of Psychiatric Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Alicja Bejger
- Department of Psychiatric Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Janusz K Rybakowski
- Deparment of Adult Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.,Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Leszek Nogowski
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Higher levels of serum IL-1β and TNF-α are associated with an increased probability of major depressive disorder. Psychiatry Res 2021; 295:113568. [PMID: 33199026 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a debilitating psychiatric disease. The dysregulated cytokines in depression are assumed due to the hyperactivation of the immune system. Here we aimed to evaluate the serum interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in MDD. This study recruited 87 MDD patients and 87 age and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs). The increased levels of serum IL-1β and TNF-α were observed among MDD patients. These higher levels of peripheral markers were positively correlated with the severity of depression. Therefore, the elevated levels of serum IL-1β and TNF-α might be used as risk assessment indicators for depression.
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43
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Riya S, Sultana S, Daria S, Proma MA, Bhuiyan MA, Haque MA, Islam MR. Evaluation of Serum Lysophosphatidic Acid and Lysophosphatidylcholine Levels in Major Depressive Disorder Patients. Cureus 2020; 12:e12388. [PMID: 33542861 PMCID: PMC7849208 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.12388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a heterogeneous condition featured with a continuous low mood, feeling of sadness, lack of interest to perform daily activities. Genetic, physiological, biological, social, and environmental factors are associated with the pathophysiology of depression. Though several human studies failed to identify the suitable biological markers for depression, some animal studies showed phospholipids play a vital role in the alteration of emotion. Thus, the current study aimed to measure the serum levels of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) in MDD patients and healthy controls (HCs) to explore their roles and relationship with depression. Methods This case-control study enrolled 53 MDD patients and 50 HCs matched by age, gender, and body mass index. Based on the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th edition, a qualified psychiatrist diagnosed patients and assessed HCs. We applied the Hamilton depression rating scale (Ham-D) to measure the severity of depression. We used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits to measure serum lysophosphatidic acid and lysophosphatidylcholine levels. Results We found no alterations of these parameters in serum levels of MDD patients compared to HCs. We also observed a significant positive correlation between LPA and LPC levels in MDD patients. Moreover, the present study showed no significant associations between target markers and either diagnosis of depression or Ham-D scores, or management of depression. Conclusion The present study suggests that LPA and LPC levels probably would not serve as potential biomarkers of MDD. Thus, we recommend further studies with large and more homogeneous populations to explore the exact relationship between serum lipids and MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumaia Riya
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, BGD
| | - Sharmin Sultana
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, BGD
| | - Sohel Daria
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, BGD
| | - Maliha A Proma
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, BGD
| | | | | | - Md Rabiul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, BGD
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44
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Daria S, Proma MA, Shahriar M, Islam SMA, Bhuiyan MA, Islam MR. Serum interferon-gamma level is associated with drug-naïve major depressive disorder. SAGE Open Med 2020; 8:2050312120974169. [PMID: 33282305 PMCID: PMC7682211 DOI: 10.1177/2050312120974169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Major depressive disorder is a leading heterogeneous psychiatric illness manifested by persistent low mood, a feeling of sadness, and diminished interest in daily activities. Many biological, genetic, and social factors are thought to be linked with depression. But any suitable early risk assessment markers are absent for this illness. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the serum levels of IFN-γ in major depressive disorder patients to further investigate the association between serum levels of this cytokine and major depression. Methods: This prospective case-control study enrolled 120 major depressive disorder patients and 100 healthy controls matched by age, sex, and body mass index. A qualified psychiatrist diagnosed the major depressive disorder patients and evaluated healthy controls according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Health Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5). The Hamilton depression rating scale was applied for all the study participants to measure the severity of depression. Serum IFN-γ levels were measured by a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit (Boster Biological Technology, Pleasanton, CA, USA). Results: This study observed that serum IFN-γ levels were significantly decreased in major depressive disorder patients compared to healthy controls. A significant negative correlation (r = −0.375; p < 0.001) was obtained between serum IFN-γ levels and Hamilton depression scores. Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed good diagnostic performance of lowered serum IFN-γ levels in depression with an area under the curve at 0.790. Conclusion: We suggest the altered serum IFN-γ levels are associated with the pathophysiology of depression. The reduced levels of serum IFN-γ might be used as an early risk assessment tool for major depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohel Daria
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Mohammad Shahriar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Md Rabiul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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45
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Chen B, Lyu H, Xu X, Wang C. Simultaneous quantification of cortisol and cortisone in serums and saliva from depressive patients by supported liquid extraction coupled to HPLC–MS/MSs. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2020. [DOI: 10.1556/1326.2020.00733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cortisol and cortisone are 2 important glucocorticoids produced in the human hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis that respond to stress. An analytical method to determinate cortisol and cortisone in serum and saliva using high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry following a supported liquid extraction (SLE) was developed. Serum and saliva samples of 0.2 mL were extracted by SLE three times using 0.4 mL of methyl tert-butyl ether each time. The chromatographic separation was obtained on an Agilent Poroshell column using a 0.01% formic acid buffer and acetonitrile (60:40, v/v) as the solvent with a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. Optimized quantitative mass transitions for cortisol, cortisone, and cortisone d-4 were 363.2/121.0 (m/z), 361.2/163.1 (m/z), and 367.1/270.7 (m/z), respectively. The method validation was achieved according to regulatory guidance. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) in serum were 2 ng/mL for cortisol and 1 ng/mL for cortisone, and the LLOQ in saliva were 0.1 ng/mL for cortisol and 0.2 ng/mL for cortisone. The developed method showed convenient and efficient extraction, a lower LLOQ, and a short running time. Modest correlations between serum and saliva cortisol and cortisone concentrations were found. The method was successfully applied in assessing the HPA condition of patients with depressive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Chen
- 1 Xiamen Medical College affiliated Xiamen Xianyue Hospital, 387 Xianyue Road, Xiamen 361012, China
| | - Haiyan Lyu
- 1 Xiamen Medical College affiliated Xiamen Xianyue Hospital, 387 Xianyue Road, Xiamen 361012, China
| | - Xiangzhen Xu
- 1 Xiamen Medical College affiliated Xiamen Xianyue Hospital, 387 Xianyue Road, Xiamen 361012, China
| | - Chen Wang
- 2 Xiamen Medical College, 1999 Guankou Middle Road, Xiamen 361023, China
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Alenko A, Markos Y, Fikru C, Tadesse E, Gedefaw L. Association of serum cortisol level with severity of depression and improvement in newly diagnosed patients with major depressive disorder in Jimma medical center, Southwest Ethiopia. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240668. [PMID: 33064754 PMCID: PMC7567351 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is the leading psychiatric disorder in low- and middle-income countries, and is to be the second leading cause of burden of disease by 2020. Cortisol plays a significant role in pathophysiology of MDD. Depression can alter serum cortisol level. However, the change in serum cortisol level and its association with depressive symptom severity and improvement among patients with MDD is not well studied. OBJECTIVE To outline change in serum cortisol levels and its association with severity and improvement of depressive symptoms in newly diagnosed patients with MDD. METHOD Hospital based longitudinal study was conducted among 34 newly diagnosed patients who met DSM-V criteria of MDD. Venous blood sample was performed twice; pre- and post- 8 weeks of treatment. Serum cortisol concentration was measured using an extracted radioimmunoassay. The 17-item Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D) was used to rate depression at baseline and after 8 weeks of treatment. Paired t-test was done to look the mean difference of serum cortisol level and HAM-D, before and after treatment. Pearson correlation was done to look the association between serum cortisol levels, HAM-D scores and, sociodemographic and clinical factors. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. RESULTS There is no significant difference in cortisol concentrations at baseline and end line (t (33) = 2.02, p = 0.052). However, there is significant difference in HAM-D total score (t (33) = 5.67, p<0.001). Baseline and end line serum cortisol levels were significantly correlated (r = .561, p = .001). Monthly family income is correlated with baseline HAM-D total score (r = -0.373, p = .030). There is no significant relationship between baseline serum cortisol level and HAM-D score. There is also no significant relationship between end line serum cortisol level and HAM-D score. CONCLUSIONS The symptoms of MDD were reduced following treatment but there is no significant difference in serum cortisol levels. Baseline and end line serum cortisol levels were significantly correlated. We recommend further research based on large sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arefayne Alenko
- Department of Psychiatry, Jimma University, Institute of Health, Faculty of Medical Science, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Yohannes Markos
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Jimma University, Institute of Health, Faculty of Medical Science, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Chaltu Fikru
- Department of Epidemiology, Jimma University, Institute of Health, Faculty of Public Health, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Eyasu Tadesse
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Jimma University, Institute of Health, Faculty of Medical Science, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Lealem Gedefaw
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Jimma University, Institute of Health, Faculty of Medical Science, Jimma, Ethiopia
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47
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Ali S, Nahar Z, Rahman MR, Islam SMA, Bhuiyan MA, Islam MR. Serum insulin-like growth factor-1 and relaxin-3 are linked with major depressive disorder. Asian J Psychiatr 2020; 53:102164. [PMID: 32446216 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samia Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1215, Bangladesh.
| | - Zabun Nahar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1215, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Rajibur Rahman
- Department of Psychiatry, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.
| | | | - Mohiuddin Ahmed Bhuiyan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1215, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Rabiul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1215, Bangladesh.
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Alenko A, Girma S, Abera M, Workicho A. Children emotional and behavioural problems and its association with maternal depression in Jimma town, southwest Ethiopia. Gen Psychiatr 2020; 33:e100211. [PMID: 32656496 PMCID: PMC7333798 DOI: 10.1136/gpsych-2020-100211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In sub-Saharan countries, one in five children and one in three women experiences emotional and behavioural problems (EBPs) and depression, respectively. While various factors were reported to affect the mental health of children, little is known about the impact of maternal depression on the offspring. Moreover, the magnitude of children's EBPs is barely known in Ethiopia. AIM To determine the magnitude of child EBPs and its association with maternal depression in Jimma town, southwest Ethiopia. METHODS A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted among 734 mother-child pairs in Jimma town from January to June, 2019. EBP was assessed by using the parent version of Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) with cut-off score of ≥14. Maternal depression was assessed using Patient Health Questionnaire-9 with a cut-off score of ≥10. Data were entered into Epidata V.3.1 and exported to SPSS V.24 for analysis. Multivariable logistic regression was fitted to identify the strength of association between exposure and outcome variables. RESULTS Of the 734 participants, 146 (19.9%, 95% CI: 16.9% to 22.9%) met EBP criteria based on parent version of SDQ. Maternal depression had significant association with child EBP (adjusted OR=2.38, 95% CI: 1.55 to 3.66). In addition, children aged 7-10 years, family size categories of ≤3 and 4-6, maternal intimate partner violence and maternal khat use had significant association with child EBP. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS A significant number of children suffer from EBP in Jimma town. Maternal depression is found to be a predictor of children's EBPs. Thus, there is a need to design and implement an integrated maternal and child mental health programme. The maternal and child health section at the national level should integrate and cascade routine maternal and child mental health screening and intervention modalities down to the family healthcare system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arefayne Alenko
- Psychiatry, Jimma University College of Public Health and Medical Sciences, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Shimelis Girma
- Psychiatry, Jimma University College of Public Health and Medical Sciences, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Mubarek Abera
- Psychiatry, Jimma University College of Public Health and Medical Sciences, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Abdulhalik Workicho
- Epidemiology, Jimma University College of Public Health and Medical Sciences, Jimma, Ethiopia
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Islam MR, Ali S, Karmoker JR, Kadir MF, Ahmed MU, Nahar Z, Islam SMA, Islam MS, Hasnat A, Islam MS. Evaluation of serum amino acids and non-enzymatic antioxidants in drug-naïve first-episode major depressive disorder. BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:333. [PMID: 32580709 PMCID: PMC7315550 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02738-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The alterations of biological markers are thought to be effective tools to understand the pathophysiology and management of major depressive disorder (MDD). A lot of researches has implied many markers for depression, but any of them fully discovered the association between the markers and depression. The present study investigated the serum levels of amino acids and non-enzymatic antioxidants in major depression, and also explained their association with depression. METHODS This study examined 247 MDD patients and 248 healthy controls (HCs) matched by age and sex. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (Ham-D) was used to all the participants to measure the severity of depression. Quantification of serum amino acids, vitamin A and E were carried out using the HPLC system whereas vitamin C levels were measured by UV-spectrophotometer. All the statistical analysis was performed by SPSS statistical software (version 23.0). The independent sample t-test, the Mann-Whitney U test, and the Fisher's exact test were applied to detect the group differences where a Bonferroni correction applied to the p value. RESULTS It was observed that serum levels of four amino acids (methionine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, and tyrosine) along with three non-enzymatic antioxidants (vitamin A, E, and C) were significantly dropped in MDD patients compared to HCs (Cohen's d (d): - 0.45, - 0.50, - 0.68, - 0.21, - 0.27, - 0.65, and - 0.24, respectively). Furthermore, Ham-D scores of cases were negatively correlated with serum levels of methionine (r = - 0.155, p = 0.015) and tyrosine (r = - 0.172, p = 0.007). CONCLUSION The present study suggests that lowered serum methionine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, tyrosine, and non-enzymatic antioxidants are associated with depression. The reduction of these parameters in MDD patients may be the consequence, and not the cause, of major depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Rabiul Islam
- grid.8198.80000 0001 1498 6059Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000 Bangladesh ,grid.443051.70000 0004 0496 8043Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1205 Bangladesh
| | - Samia Ali
- grid.443051.70000 0004 0496 8043Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1205 Bangladesh
| | - James Regun Karmoker
- grid.443051.70000 0004 0496 8043Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1205 Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Fahim Kadir
- grid.443051.70000 0004 0496 8043Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1205 Bangladesh
| | - Maizbha Uddin Ahmed
- grid.8198.80000 0001 1498 6059Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000 Bangladesh
| | - Zabun Nahar
- grid.443051.70000 0004 0496 8043Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1205 Bangladesh
| | - Sardar Mohammad Ashraful Islam
- grid.443051.70000 0004 0496 8043Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1205 Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Safiqul Islam
- grid.449503.f0000 0004 1798 7083Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur Noakhali, 3814 Bangladesh
| | - Abul Hasnat
- grid.8198.80000 0001 1498 6059Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000 Bangladesh
| | - Md. Saiful Islam
- grid.8198.80000 0001 1498 6059Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000 Bangladesh
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Roque A, Craske MG, Treanor M, Rosenfield D, Ritz T, Meuret AE. Stress-induced cortisol reactivity as a predictor of success in treatment for affective dimensions. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2020; 116:104646. [PMID: 32200225 PMCID: PMC8978549 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Response rates to first-line treatments for depression and anxiety remain unsatisfactory. Identification of predictors or moderators that can optimize treatment matching is of scientific and clinical interest. This study examined the role of prolonged laboratory-induced stress cortisol reactivity as a predictor of outcome for a treatment of affective dimensions (TAD). Patients received 15-sessions of a treatment targeting reductions in negative affect or increases in positive affect (Craske et al., 2019). A second aim was to examine whether treatment type would moderate the association between cortisol reactivity and treatment outcome. METHODS Thirty-five participants underwent a 36-minute intermittent stress induction task composed of a mental arithmetic task and a fear-potentiated startle task one week before treatment initiation. Cortisol was collected at five-time points with reactivity being quantified as peak during the task minus basal level of cortisol the evening before the assessment. Using multilevel modeling, we examined the associations between cortisol reactivity and slopes of symptom improvement. RESULTS Cortisol reactivity was related to treatment outcome, with average and higher levels of stress-induced cortisol response predicting greater decreases in symptoms throughout treatment and 6-month follow-up. Treatment condition differences (moderation) were not observed in the effect of cortisol reactivity on symptoms. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate the impact of greater cortisol stress reactivity on treatment outcome. Future studies should investigate how to enhance this therapeutic benefit through capitalizing on endogenous diurnal fluctuations or exogenous cortisol manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Roque
- Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University
| | | | - Michael Treanor
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles
| | | | - Thomas Ritz
- Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University
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