1
|
Jal S, Chhotaray S, Pattnaik G, Mishra S, Mohapatra RK, Kandi V, Kudrat‐E‐Zahan M. Dengue fever coinfection in COVID-19 era: A public health concern. Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e2089. [PMID: 38784250 PMCID: PMC11111600 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.2089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Dengue and SARS-CoV-2 coinfection is commonly encountered and constantly reported in particularly the dengue-endemic regions thus posing a co-epidemic threat. Coinfection is also significantly associated with morbidity and mortality. Comorbidity risk during a coinfection is of a greater concern. Although the pathophysiologies of the two infections vary, their identical clinical symptoms during coinfection result in diagnostic and therapeutic complexities. Methods A literature search for the current relevant reports was carried out. The searched databases were Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar and the Web of Science, with health agencies like the WHO. Based on the selection criteria, the most recent and pertinent reports published in English language were included for the ease of understanding, deciphering and analysing the secondary data. Results A delay in proper diagnosis of coinfection could result in serious complications with poor patient outcome. Whether it is a standalone dengue or COVID-19 infection or a coinfection, specific biomarkers may be utilized for its foolproof diagnosis. This article highlights the various diagnostic techniques and immune responses from the perspective of prompt and appropriate public health management for patients suffering from COVID-19 and dengue viral coinfections, both being independently or collectively capable of damaging a human body. Conclusion As coinfection poses significantly large burden on an already-fragile healthcare facility, constant monitoring of a coinfected patient is needed for prompt and suitable therapeutics. Also, to maintain high vigilance and invoke appropriate preventive measures particularly in dengue endemic regions, the government, healthcare authority and the general public need to collaborate and cooperate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Jal
- School of Paramedics and Allied Health SciencesCenturion University of Technology and ManagementBhubaneswarIndia
| | - Sangeeta Chhotaray
- School of Paramedics and Allied Health SciencesCenturion University of Technology and ManagementBhubaneswarIndia
| | - Gurudutta Pattnaik
- School of Pharmacy and Life SciencesCenturion University of Technology and ManagementBhubaneswarIndia
| | - Snehasish Mishra
- School of Biotechnology, Campus‐11KIIT Deemed‐to‐be‐UniversityBhubaneswarIndia
| | | | - Venkataramana Kandi
- Department of MicrobiologyPrathima Institute of Medical SciencesKarimnagarIndia
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sarker R, Roknuzzaman ASM, Emon FA, Dewan SMR, Hossain MJ, Islam MR. A perspective on the worst ever dengue outbreak 2023 in Bangladesh: What makes this old enemy so deadly, and how can we combat it? Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e2077. [PMID: 38725559 PMCID: PMC11079431 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.2077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Bangladesh has been going through outbreaks of dengue fever cases every year since 2000. Yet this year's (2023) episode of dengue fever has crossed every line concerning fatality. Symptoms of the fever range from high fever, headaches, and muscle aches to deadly dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). The present review aims to assess the current pathogenicity and associated risk factors of recent dengue outbreaks in Bangladesh. Methods To perform this review work, we extracted relevant information from published articles available in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. We used dengue virus, dengue fever, and dengue outbreaks as keywords while searching for information. Results This Aedes mosquito-transmitted viral fever is more common in Bangladesh because of the tropical nature and immense burden of populations, resulting in convenient conditions for the reproduction of the vector. The rapid genetic transformation of this RNA virus and the resistance of its vector against insecticides have intensified the situation. The number of hospitalized patients has increased, and the case fatality rate has risen to 0.47%. Inadequate mosquito control measures, plenty of vector breeding sites, and a lack of public awareness have worsened the situation. Routine spraying of effective insecticides in high-risk zones, regular inspection of potential mosquito breeding sites, and public awareness campaigns are the keys to limiting the spread of this virus. Also, the availability of detection kits, improved hospital settings, and trained health professionals are mandatory to keep disease fatalities under control. Conclusion Dengue fever is a preventable disease. The successful development of a competent vaccine is now a prime need for preventing any future upsurge of the disease. Also, we recommend public awareness, vector control activities, and global collaboration to prevent spread.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rapty Sarker
- Department of PharmacyUniversity of Asia PacificDhakaBangladesh
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Islam MR, Ahmed I, Urmi TJ. The pathogenicity and risk evaluation of Rift Valley virus to cause mysterious "Disease X": an update on recent evidences. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2024; 86:1243-1246. [PMID: 38463056 PMCID: PMC10923333 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000001680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Iftekhar Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Taslima Jamal Urmi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kumar M, Mazumder P, Silori R, Manna S, Panday DP, Das N, Sethy SK, Kuroda K, Mahapatra DM, Mahlknecht J, Tyagi VK, Singh R, Zang J, Barceló D. Prevalence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products, microplastics and co-infecting microbes in the post-COVID-19 era and its implications on antimicrobial resistance and potential endocrine disruptive effects. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166419. [PMID: 37625721 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic's steady condition coupled with predominance of emerging contaminants in the environment and its synergistic implications in recent times has stoked interest in combating medical emergencies in this dynamic environment. In this context, high concentrations of pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs), microplastics (MPs), antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and soaring coinfecting microbes, tied with potential endocrine disruptive (ED) are critical environmental concerns that requires a detailed documentation and analysis. During the pandemic, the identification, enumeration, and assessment of potential hazards of PPCPs and MPs and (used as anti-COVID-19 agents/applications) in aquatic habitats have been attempted globally. Albeit receding threats in the magnitude of COVID-19 infections, both these pollutants have still posed serious consequences to aquatic ecosystems and the very health and hygiene of the population in the vicinity. The surge in the contaminants post-COVID also renders them to be potent vectors to harbor and amplify AMR. Pertinently, the present work attempts to critically review such instances to understand the underlying mechanism, interactions swaying the current health of our environment during this post-COVID-19 era. During this juncture, although prevention of diseases, patient care, and self-hygiene have taken precedence, nevertheless antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) efforts have been overlooked. Unnecessary usage of PPCPs and plastics during the pandemic has resulted in increased emerging contaminants (i.e., active pharmaceutical ingredients and MPs) in various environmental matrices. It was also noticed that among COVID-19 patients, while the bacterial co-infection prevalence was 0.2-51%, the fungi, viral, protozoan and helminth were 0.3-49, 1-22, 2-15, 0.4-15% respectively, rendering them resistant to residual PPCPs. There are inevitable chances of ED effects from PPCPs and MPs applied previously, that could pose far-reaching health concerns. Furthermore, clinical and other experimental evidence for many newer compounds is very scarce and demands further research. Pro-active measures targeting effective waste management, evolved environmental policies aiding strict regulatory measures, and scientific research would be crucial in minimizing the impact and creating better preparedness towards such events among the masses fostering sustainability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar
- Sustainability Cluster, School of Advanced Engineering, UPES, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India; Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico.
| | - Payal Mazumder
- Sustainability Cluster, School of Advanced Engineering, UPES, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India
| | - Rahul Silori
- Sustainability Cluster, School of Advanced Engineering, UPES, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India
| | - Suvendu Manna
- Sustainability Cluster, School of Advanced Engineering, UPES, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India
| | - Durga Prasad Panday
- Sustainability Cluster, School of Advanced Engineering, UPES, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India
| | - Nilotpal Das
- ENCORE Insoltech Pvt. Ltd, Randesan, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382421, India
| | - Susanta Kumar Sethy
- Sustainability Cluster, School of Advanced Engineering, UPES, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India
| | - Keisuke Kuroda
- Department of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, Imizu 939 0398, Japan
| | - Durga Madhab Mahapatra
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, School of Advanced Engineering, UPES, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India; Department of Biological and Ecological Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Jürgen Mahlknecht
- Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Vinay Kumar Tyagi
- Wastewater Division, National Institute of Hydrology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttranchal, India
| | - Rajesh Singh
- Wastewater Division, National Institute of Hydrology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttranchal, India
| | - Jian Zang
- Department of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, China
| | - Damià Barceló
- Sustainability Cluster, School of Advanced Engineering, UPES, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India; Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 1826, Barcelona 08034, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Elliott K, Caicedo PA, Haunerland NH, Lowenberger C. Profiling lipidomic changes in dengue-resistant and dengue-susceptible strains of Colombian Aedes aegypti after dengue virus challenge. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011676. [PMID: 37847671 PMCID: PMC10581493 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The mosquito Aedes aegypti is the primary vector for all four serotypes of dengue viruses (DENV1-4), which infect millions across the globe each year. Traditional insecticide programs have been transiently effective at minimizing cases; however, insecticide resistance and habitat expansion have caused cases of DENV to surge over the last decade. There is an urgent need to develop novel vector control measures, but these are contingent on a detailed understanding of host-parasite interactions. Here, we have utilized lipidomics to survey the profiles of naturally DENV-resistant (Cali-MIB) or susceptible (Cali-S) populations of Ae. aegypti, isolated from Cali, Colombia, when fed on blood meals containing DENV. Control insects were fed on a DENV-free blood meal. Midguts were dissected from Cali-MIB and Cali-S females at three time points post-infectious blood meal, 18, 24 and 36h, to identify changes in the lipidome at key times associated with the entry, replication and exit of DENV from midgut cells. We used principal component analysis to visualize broad patterns in lipidomic profiles between the treatment groups, and significance analysis of microarray to determine lipids that were altered in response to viral challenge. These data can be used to identify molecules or metabolic pathways particular to the susceptible or refractory phenotypes, and possibly lead to the generation of stable, DENV-resistant strains of Ae. aegypti.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keenan Elliott
- Simon Fraser University, Department of Biological Sciences, C2D2 Research Group, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Paola A. Caicedo
- Universidad Icesi, Natural Science Faculty, Department of Biology, Cali, Colombia
| | - Norbert H. Haunerland
- Simon Fraser University, Department of Biological Sciences, C2D2 Research Group, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Carl Lowenberger
- Simon Fraser University, Department of Biological Sciences, C2D2 Research Group, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Urmi TJ, Mosharrafa RA, Hossain MJ, Rahman MS, Kadir MF, Islam MR. Frequent outbreaks of dengue fever in South Asian countries-A correspondence analyzing causative factors and ways to avert. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1598. [PMID: 37779664 PMCID: PMC10539675 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rana Al Mosharrafa
- Department of Business AdministrationFaculty of Business Studies, Prime UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | | | | | - Mohammad Fahim Kadir
- Department of PharmacologyLake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine (LECOM)EriePennsylvaniaUSA
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bhowmik KK, Ferdous J, Baral PK, Islam MS. Recent outbreak of dengue in Bangladesh: A threat to public health. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1210. [PMID: 37064322 PMCID: PMC10090488 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims The dengue virus is widespread throughout Bangladesh and significantly contributes to morbidity and mortality. One effective method for preventing further dengue epidemics is to reduce mosquito breeding at the most opportune period each year. This study aims to determine dengue prevalence in 2022 by comparing previous years' data and estimating the period of this disease's most significant incidence. Methods From the beginning of 2008-December 15, 2022, we looked at the monthly reports of cases made to the Bangladesh Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control, and Research. Results According to our findings, there were 61089 confirmed dengue cases in 2022, with 269 fatalities - the highest annual death toll for this disease since 2000. Almost one-third (32.14%) of all dengue deaths in Bangladesh occurred in 2022 (1 January-15 December), highlighting the severity of the threat posed by this disease in the coming year. Furthermore, we observe that the months in the second half of any year in Bangladesh are the most at risk for dengue transmission. In 2022, Dhaka city and Chittagong are hit the hardest (incidence: 63.07% vs. 14.42%; morality: 63.34% vs. 24.16%), showing the relevance of population density in spreading this fatal disease. Conclusion Statistics show an increase in dengue cases every day, and the year 2022 will be marked as the peak of the disease's death prevalence. Both the individuals and the government of Bangladesh need to take action to reduce the dissemination of this epidemic. If not, the country will soon be in great peril.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khokon Kanti Bhowmik
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of ScienceNoakhali Science and Technology UniversityNoakhaliBangladesh
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Molecular Biology, Department of PharmacyNoakhali Science and Technology UniversityNoakhaliBangladesh
| | - Jannatul Ferdous
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of ScienceNoakhali Science and Technology UniversityNoakhaliBangladesh
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Molecular Biology, Department of PharmacyNoakhali Science and Technology UniversityNoakhaliBangladesh
| | - Prodip Kumar Baral
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of ScienceNoakhali Science and Technology UniversityNoakhaliBangladesh
| | - Mohammad Safiqul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of ScienceNoakhali Science and Technology UniversityNoakhaliBangladesh
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Molecular Biology, Department of PharmacyNoakhali Science and Technology UniversityNoakhaliBangladesh
- Bangladesh Pharmacogenomics Research Network (BdPGRN)NoakhaliBangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Islam MA, Hasan MN, Tiwari A, Raju MAW, Jannat F, Sangkham S, Shammas MI, Sharma P, Bhattacharya P, Kumar M. Correlation of Dengue and Meteorological Factors in Bangladesh: A Public Health Concern. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5152. [PMID: 36982061 PMCID: PMC10049245 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20065152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is an enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus, a member of the Flaviviridae family (which causes Dengue fever), and an arthropod-transmitted human viral infection. Bangladesh is well known for having some of Asia's most vulnerable Dengue outbreaks, with climate change, its location, and it's dense population serving as the main contributors. For speculation about DENV outbreak characteristics, it is crucial to determine how meteorological factors correlate with the number of cases. This study used five time series models to observe the trend and forecast Dengue cases. Current data-based research has also applied four statistical models to test the relationship between Dengue-positive cases and meteorological parameters. Datasets were used from NASA for meteorological parameters, and daily DENV cases were obtained from the Directorate General of Health Service (DGHS) open-access websites. During the study period, the mean of DENV cases was 882.26 ± 3993.18, ranging between a minimum of 0 to a maximum of 52,636 daily confirmed cases. The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient between climatic variables and Dengue incidence indicated that no substantial relationship exists between daily Dengue cases and wind speed, temperature, and surface pressure (Spearman's rho; r = -0.007, p > 0.05; r = 0.085, p > 0.05; and r = -0.086, p > 0.05, respectively). Still, a significant relationship exists between daily Dengue cases and dew point, relative humidity, and rainfall (r = 0.158, p < 0.05; r = 0.175, p < 0.05; and r = 0.138, p < 0.05, respectively). Using the ARIMAX and GA models, the relationship for Dengue cases with wind speed is -666.50 [95% CI: -1711.86 to 378.86] and -953.05 [-2403.46 to 497.36], respectively. A similar negative relation between Dengue cases and wind speed was also determined in the GLM model (IRR = 0.98). Dew point and surface pressure also represented a negative correlation in both ARIMAX and GA models, respectively, but the GLM model showed a positive association. Additionally, temperature and relative humidity showed a positive correlation with Dengue cases (105.71 and 57.39, respectively, in the ARIMAX, 633.86, and 200.03 in the GA model). In contrast, both temperature and relative humidity showed negative relation with Dengue cases in the GLM model. In the Poisson regression model, windspeed has a substantial significant negative connection with Dengue cases in all seasons. Temperature and rainfall are significantly and positively associated with Dengue cases in all seasons. The association between meteorological factors and recent outbreak data is the first study where we are aware of the use of maximum time series models in Bangladesh. Taking comprehensive measures against DENV outbreaks in the future can be possible through these findings, which can help fellow researchers and policymakers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md. Aminul Islam
- COVID-19 Diagnostic Lab, Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
- Advanced Molecular Lab, Department of Microbiology, President Abdul Hamid Medical College, Karimganj 2310, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Nayeem Hasan
- Department of Statistics, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Ananda Tiwari
- Department of Health Security, Expert Microbiology Research Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, 70701 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Md. Abdul Wahid Raju
- Department of Statistics, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Fateha Jannat
- Department of Public Health, North East University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Sarawut Sangkham
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Phayao, Muang District, Phayao 56000, Thailand
| | - Mahaad Issa Shammas
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Dhofar University, P.O. Box 2509, Salalah PC 211, Oman
| | - Prabhakar Sharma
- School of Ecology and Environment Studies, Nalanda University, Rajgir 803116, India
| | - Prosun Bhattacharya
- COVID-19 Research, Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 10B, SE 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Manish Kumar
- Sustainability Cluster, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, India
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterey, Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cheema HA, Mujtaba RS, Siddiqui A, Vohra LI, Shahid A, Shah J, Nashwan AJ, Howard N. Singapore's Dengue Outbreak Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic: Challenges, Responses, and Lessons. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:1081-1085. [PMID: 36861014 PMCID: PMC9968779 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s397407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue outbreaks have been documented in Singapore since 1901, occurring almost annually in the 1960s and disproportionately affecting the paediatric population. In January 2020, virological surveillance detected a shift from DENV-2, which was the previous dominant strain, to DENV-3. As of 20 September 2022, 27,283 cases have been reported in 2022. Singapore is currently also responding to the COVID-19 pandemic, overcoming another wave of infections with 281,977 cases recorded in the past two months as of 19 September 2022. While Singapore has adopted several policies and interventions to combat dengue, primarily through environmental control but also innovations such as the Wolbachia mosquito programme, there is a need for further efforts to deal with the dual threat of dengue and COVID-19. Drawing lessons from Singapore's experience, countries facing such dual epidemics should enact clear policy responses, including establishing a multisectoral dengue action committee and action plan prior to potential outbreaks. Key indicators should be agreed upon and tracked at all healthcare levels as part of dengue surveillance and incorporated into the national health information system. Digitizing dengue monitoring systems and implementing telemedicine solutions are innovative measures that would facilitate the response to dengue in the context of restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic that hinder the detection and response to new cases. There is a need for greater international collaboration in reducing or eradicating dengue in endemic countries. Further research is also required on how best to establish integrated early warning systems and extend our knowledge of the effects of COVID-19 on dengue transmission in affected countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huzaifa Ahmad Cheema
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Amna Siddiqui
- Department of Medicine, Karachi Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Abia Shahid
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Jaffer Shah
- New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Abdulqadir J Nashwan
- Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar,Correspondence: Abdulqadir J Nashwan, Department of Nursing, Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O. Box 3050, Doha, Qatar, Email
| | - Natasha Howard
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore,Free Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria,Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Shayla TA, Paul M, Sayma NJ, Suhee FI, Islam MR. The Dengue Prevalence and Mortality Rate Surpass COVID-19 in Bangladesh: Possible Strategies to Fight Against a Double-Punch Attack. CLINICAL PATHOLOGY (THOUSAND OAKS, VENTURA COUNTY, CALIF.) 2023; 16:2632010X231181954. [PMID: 37377618 PMCID: PMC10291213 DOI: 10.1177/2632010x231181954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Dengue is a vector-borne viral disease caused by multiple serotypes (DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, and DENV-4) of the dengue virus. It has been a public health concern since 2000 in Bangladesh. However, Bangladesh experienced a higher prevalence and death rate in the year 2022 than the previous year surpassing the COVID-19 situation. While climatic factors had always been a prominent reason for dengue incidence, reports stated that DEN 4 serotype was identified for the first time in the country, which made the dengue cases worse. In this article, we presented the 5 years prevalence of hospitalization and death cases owing to dengue fever and also provided a comparison of death cases caused by dengue and COVID-19 in Bangladesh. We described the possible reasons for the sudden surges of dengue infection and mentioned the actions led by the government to deal with this dengue occurrence. Lastly, we recommend a few strategies to counter the future outbreak of dengue infection in the country.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Md. Rabiul Islam
- Md. Rabiul Islam, Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hossain MM, Abdulla F, Rahman A. Prevalence and determinants of wasting of under-5 children in Bangladesh: Quantile regression approach. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278097. [PMID: 36417416 PMCID: PMC9683614 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wasting is perhaps one of the signs of malnutrition that has been linked to the deaths of children suffering from malnutrition. As a result, understanding its correlations and drivers is critical. Using quantile regression analysis, this research aims to contribute to the discussion on under-5 malnutrition by analyzing the predictors of wasting in Bangladesh. METHODS AND MATERIALS The dataset was extracted from the 2017-18 Bangladesh demographic and health survey (BDHS) data. The weight-for-height (WHZ) z-score based anthropometric indicator was used in the study as the target variable. The weighted sample constitutes 8,334 children of under-5 years. However, after cleaning the missing values, the analysis is based on 8,321 children. Sequential quantile regression was used for finding the contributing factors. RESULTS The findings of this study depict that the prevalence of wasting in children is about 8 percent and only approximately one percent of children are severely wasted in Bangladesh. Age, mother's BMI, and parental educational qualification, are all major factors of the WHZ score of a child. The coefficient of the female child increased from 0.1 to 0.2 quantiles before dropping to 0.75 quantile. For a child aged up to three years, the coefficients have a declining tendency up to the 0.5 quantile, then an increasing trend. Children who come from the richest households had 16.3%, 3.6%, and 15.7% higher WHZ scores respectively than children come from the poorest households suggesting that the risk of severe wasting in children under the age of five was lower in children from the wealthiest families than in children from the poorest families. The long-term malnutrition indicator (wasting) will be influenced by the presence of various childhood infections and vaccinations. Furthermore, a family's economic position is a key determinant in influencing a child's WHZ score. CONCLUSIONS It is concluded that socioeconomic characteristics are correlated with the wasting status of a child. Maternal characteristics also played an important role to reduce the burden of malnutrition. Thus, maternal nutritional awareness might reduce the risk of malnutrition in children. Moreover, the findings disclose that to enrich the nutritional status of children along with achieving Sustainable Development Goal (SDG)-3 by 2030, a collaborative approach should necessarily be taken by the government of Bangladesh, and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) at the community level in Bangladesh.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md. Moyazzem Hossain
- Department of Statistics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- School of Mathematics, Statistics & Physics, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Faruq Abdulla
- Department of Applied Health and Nutrition, RTM Al Kabir Technical University (RTM-AKTU), Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Azizur Rahman
- School of Computing, Mathematics and Engineering, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Natour N, Al-Tell M. Lifestyles of Palestinians during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. Nutr Health 2022:2601060221137625. [PMID: 36352738 PMCID: PMC9659694 DOI: 10.1177/02601060221137625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Background: Although the COVID-19 epidemic was linked to movement limitations and a sense of risk among the general public, changes in lifestyle and mental health were not examined among Palestinians. The study aimed to investigate changes in a group of Palestinians' lifestyles and mental health. Methodology: A translated questionnaire about demographics, mental health difficulties, and lifestyle choices was created using Google Forms and distributed over social media and academic platforms. SPSS 21 was used to analyze the data. Results: The participants' mean age was 25 9 years, 67% were women, and 47% were city dwellers. About 82% had a bachelor's degree. Infection with COVID-19 was present in 13% of study group, COVID-19 infection caused the death of a relative in 13% of study group, and commitment to limits was present in 14% of study group. Negative emotions like despair, hopelessness, and worry were extremely common. Despite eating a few fruits and vegetables and drinking a lot of soft beverages, study participants were generally active. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic is associated with a negative impact on lifestyle and mental well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nihal Natour
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, An-Najah National
University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Mariam Al-Tell
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, An-Najah National
University, Nablus, Palestine
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rahman A, Abdulla F, Karimuzzaman M, Hossain MM. Burden of COVID-19 on health and wellbeing, education, and economy of Bangladesh. Clin Case Rep 2022; 10:e6639. [PMID: 36439388 PMCID: PMC9684679 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.6639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The long-term impact of this pandemic will continue in almost all sectors of a country such as health, economic situations, education, mental health, and violence. Therefore, the authors intended to discuss the prolonged effect of COVID-19 on the health along with wellbeing, education, and economy of Bangladesh through a mixed approach. To assess the possible scenario in health sector of Bangladesh, we conducted a short survey through online with a structured questionnaire. The impact of the pandemic is highlighted by graphical presentations and discussed the issues in light of the existing literature. It is realized that health care services and resources are always essential for predominant health conditions and fatal diseases patients. Mental health has also been impacted a lot during this pandemic. Moreover, students of only those schools located in urban areas are attended some online classes but due to the internet interruption and scarcity of devices students from rural areas cannot attend the classes and it will widen the gap between pupils from urban areas and those who live in remote rural areas. Additionally, many students terminate school. The country's youth unemployment is projected to intensify as a result of the economic effects, which would promote antisocial behavior and cause social discontent among young people. Also, the flow of remittances greatly declined in the last couple of months and a many people were jobless abroad, and the majority of them were sent back home. The demographic dividend's intended results are expected to be negatively impacted by COVID-19's overall effect as well as sustainable development goals (SDGs) in Bangladesh. Therefore, many social services systems need strategic backup resources at community, national, and global levels if any basic system may collapse due to COVID-19 and socio-economic as well as geopolitical negligence in handling post-pandemic challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azizur Rahman
- School of Computing, Mathematics and EngineeringCharles Sturt UniversityNew South WalesWagga WaggaAustralia
| | - Faruq Abdulla
- Department of Applied Health and NutritionRTM Al‐Kabir Technical UniversitySylhetBangladesh
| | - Md Karimuzzaman
- DREXEL Dornsife School of Public HealthDREXEL UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Nahar Z, Sohan M, Supti KF, Hossain MJ, Shahriar M, Bhuiyan MA, Islam MR. Prevalence and associated risk factors for mental health problems among female university students during COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study findings from Dhaka, Bangladesh. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10890. [PMID: 36217458 PMCID: PMC9534543 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has tremendously affected the physical and mental health of people at all levels worldwide. The present study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and contributing factors for mental health problems among female university students in the urban area of Bangladesh. We conducted this online cross-sectional study among 451 female university students. Here we assessed the symptomatic prevalence of common mental health problems among the participants. The prevalence rate of loneliness, anxiety, and depressive symptoms among female university students in Bangladesh was 55.88%, 69.18%, and 45.23%, respectively. Also, we noticed that mild, moderate, and severe symptoms of loneliness, generalized anxiety, and depression were 36.90%, 40.48%, and 22.62%; 48.08%, 22.44%, and 29.48%; and 37.31%, 26.87%, and 35.52%; respectively. According to the present study results, marital status, financial condition, education level, and family structure (nuclear/joint) are potential contributing factors to mental health problems among female university students living in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The COVID-19 pandemic has severely impacted the academic performance and emotional well-being of students in Bangladesh. Also, the closure of university classes for a long time in Bangladesh was responsible for the poor mental health of students. Promoting good mental health has become a vital public health concern during this ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Female university students residing in urban areas in Bangladesh are more prone to developing mental health problems during any crisis. Therefore, the healthcare authorities of Bangladesh should promote the good mental health of students during and after the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Keeping in touch with students to support them psychologically and mentally during the pandemic is crucial for promoting their good mental health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zabun Nahar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Sohan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Kaniz Farzana Supti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Jamal Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, 77 Satmasjid Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Shahriar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Mohiuddin Ahmed Bhuiyan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Rabiul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Islam MR, Nahar Z, Hossain MS, Hossain MJ, Shahriar M, Islam SMA, Bhuiyan MA. Prevalence and associated factors for elevated fear and depressive symptoms among the private service holders in Bangladesh during the Covid-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. Health Sci Rep 2022; 5:e795. [PMID: 36032517 PMCID: PMC9399449 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims The ongoing public health emergency has created incredible fear of getting the infection and a terrible psychological burden among all levels. The pandemic has severely affected private job holders' economic status and lifestyle factors in Bangladesh. Here we aimed to assess fear and depressive symptoms among private job holders in Bangladesh during the Covid-19 pandemic and associated risk factors. Methods We conducted this online cross-sectional survey between January 15, 2021, and March 15, 2021, among 510 private job holders aged above 18 years. We followed the convenience sampling method for data collection. We assessed sociodemographic factors and two psychometric parameters. We applied the Fear of Covid-19 Scale and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 to assess increased fear and depressive symptoms, respectively. Chi-square test, independent sample t-test, and binary logistic regression analysis were performed for data analysis. Results The prevalence of increased fear and depressive symptoms were 86.27% and 42.16%, respectively. Factors associated with increased fear among private job holders during COVID-19 were economic class, obesity, on-time salary, company's downsizing policy, salary reduction, home office, and transportation facilities. However, depressive symptoms were associated with marital status, education level, residence area, the organizational practice of health safety rules, company performance, on-time salary, health insurance, downsizing, salary reduction policy, organization type, transportation, and mental health support at work. The present study also noticed some interrelations among the above factors with mental health issues. Conclusion Based on the present findings, we recommend actionable items to improve the mental health of private job holders in Bangladesh due to the ongoing pandemic. Authorities can develop mental health support programs and efficient Covid-19 response systems. The policymakers and regulatory bodies might take some initiatives to promote mental health in the private sector in Bangladesh.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zabun Nahar
- Department of PharmacyUniversity of Asia PacificDhakaBangladesh
| | - Md. Sakhawat Hossain
- Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR)RajshahiBangladesh
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Islam MR, Rahman MS, Qusar MMAS. Community-based decentralized mental health services are essential to prevent the epidemic turn of post-Covid mental disorders in Bangladesh: A call to action. Health Sci Rep 2022; 5:e734. [PMID: 35873400 PMCID: PMC9297297 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
|
17
|
Islam MR. The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant and the re-emergence of COVID-19 in Europe: An alarm for Bangladesh. Health Sci Rep 2022; 5:e545. [PMID: 35308422 PMCID: PMC8918917 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
|
18
|
Rabiul Islam M, Nasreen W, Anjum R, Shahriar M, Roy A, Dhama K, Ahmed Bhuiyan M. Characteristics of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron (B.1.1.529) Variant and Emerging Impact on Global Public Health. CLINICAL PATHOLOGY (THOUSAND OAKS, VENTURA COUNTY, CALIF.) 2022; 15:2632010X221124908. [PMID: 36147794 PMCID: PMC9490387 DOI: 10.1177/2632010x221124908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant has sparked alarm globally because of its rapid rate of infection and trespassing acquired immunity due to vaccination or natural infection. This heavily mutated variant is rapidly spreading around the world. Infected individuals with the Omicron variant may suffer from flu-like symptoms, and infected with the Delta variant frequently report low oxygen levels, high pulse rates, and a loss of smell and taste. Also, the Omicron variant causes asymptomatic or mild disease so far, and not any severe illness as like Delta, and this new variant has a 15% to 80% reduced risk of hospitalization than the Delta variant. Scientists are worried about the possibility of escaping the immunity by the Omicron variants and subvariants among fully vaccinated and recovered COVID-19 patients. Two doses of available vaccines are found to be partially ineffective in protecting this new variant, therefore, the third dose as a booster is recommended to enhance antibody level. Moreover, some antiviral drugs significantly reduce hospitalization or death among mild to severe COVID-19 patients. All authorized antiviral drugs are effective against viral replication for most SARS-CoV-2 variants, and particularly some monoclonal antibodies may not now be effective in treating COVID-19 patients. There is an urgent need to update existing vaccines, develop more effective and newer vaccines as well as additional monoclonal antibodies to counter Omicron. Therefore, along with close monitoring of Omicron characteristics, the present study suggests that health safety guidelines, mass immunization, early diagnosis, and search for effective antiviral drugs should be the approaches to fight against newer SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md. Rabiul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, University of
Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Waheeda Nasreen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of
Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ramisa Anjum
- Department of Pharmacy, University of
Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Shahriar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of
Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Arpita Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, School of
Engineering & Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian
Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Daria S, Islam MR. Indiscriminate Use of Antibiotics for COVID-19 Treatment in South Asian Countries is a Threat for Future Pandemics Due to Antibiotic Resistance. CLINICAL PATHOLOGY (THOUSAND OAKS, VENTURA COUNTY, CALIF.) 2022; 15:2632010X221099889. [PMID: 35601922 PMCID: PMC9121502 DOI: 10.1177/2632010x221099889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has put enormous strain on the global public health and healthcare systems. Here we aimed to assess the prevalence and impact of indiscriminate use of antibiotics for COVID-19 treatment in south Asian countries. We observed the indiscriminate use of antibiotics in south Asian countries and other similar parts of the world. Along with vaccines, people in poor and developing countries have been taking antibiotics and some other medications without proper jurisdiction during the waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. We all know that COVID-19 is a viral disease, and only a few patients might have bacterial co-infections. Therefore, the role of antibiotics is ambiguous in most COVID-19 cases. Consequently, the overuse of antibiotics would cause antimicrobial resistance that has the potential to become a 2-edged sword after the COVID-19 pandemic era. Our findings emphasize the judicious use of antibiotics in COVID-19 therapy, especially in poor and developing countries across the globe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sohel Daria
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia
Pacific, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Rabiul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia
Pacific, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|