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Opydo M, Mlyczyńska A, Mlyczyńska E, Rak A, Kolaczkowska E. Synergistic Action of MCL-1 Inhibitor with BCL-2/BCL-XL or MAPK Pathway Inhibitors Enhances Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cell Apoptosis and Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087180. [PMID: 37108344 PMCID: PMC10138770 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematological malignancy characterized by excessive proliferation of abnormal myeloid precursors accompanied by a differentiation block and inhibition of apoptosis. Increased expression of an anti-apoptotic MCL-1 protein was shown to be critical for the sustained survival and expansion of AML cells. Therefore, herein, we examined the pro-apoptotic and pro-differentiating effects of S63845, a specific inhibitor of MCL-1, in a single-agent treatment and in combination with BCL-2/BCL-XL inhibitor, ABT-737, in two AML cell lines: HL-60 and ML-1. Additionally, we determined whether inhibition of the MAPK pathway had an impact on the sensitivity of AML cells to S63845. To assess AML cells' apoptosis and differentiation, in vitro studies were performed using PrestoBlue assay, Coulter electrical impedance method, flow cytometry, light microscopy and Western blot techniques. S63845 caused a concentration-dependent decrease in the viability of HL-60 and ML-1 cells and increased the percentage of apoptotic cells. Combined treatment with S63845 and ABT-737 or MAPK pathway inhibitor enhanced apoptosis but also induced differentiation of tested cells, as well as altering the expression of the MCL-1 protein. Taken together, our data provide the rationale for further studies regarding the use of MCL-1 inhibitor in combination with other pro-survival protein inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Opydo
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Mlyczyńska
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewa Mlyczyńska
- Laboratory of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Rak
- Laboratory of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Kolaczkowska
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
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2
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Dozzo A, Galvin A, Shin JW, Scalia S, O'Driscoll CM, Ryan KB. Modelling acute myeloid leukemia (AML): What's new? A transition from the classical to the modern. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2022:10.1007/s13346-022-01189-4. [PMID: 35930221 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-022-01189-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous malignancy affecting myeloid cells in the bone marrow (BM) but can spread giving rise to impaired hematopoiesis. AML incidence increases with age and is associated with poor prognostic outcomes. There has been a disconnect between the success of novel drug compounds observed in preclinical studies of hematological malignancy and less than exceptional therapeutic responses in clinical trials. This review aims to provide a state-of-the-art overview on the different preclinical models of AML available to expand insights into disease pathology and as preclinical screening tools. Deciphering the complex physiological and pathological processes and developing predictive preclinical models are key to understanding disease progression and fundamental in the development and testing of new effective drug treatments. Standard scaffold-free suspension models fail to recapitulate the complex environment where AML occurs. To this end, we review advances in scaffold/matrix-based 3D models and outline the most recent advances in on-chip technology. We also provide an overview of clinically relevant animal models and review the expanding use of patient-derived samples, which offer the prospect to create more "patient specific" screening tools either in the guise of 3D matrix models, microphysiological "organ-on-chip" tools or xenograft models and discuss representative examples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aoife Galvin
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jae-Won Shin
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, 909 S. Wolcott Ave, Chicago, IL, 5091 COMRB, USA
| | - Santo Scalia
- Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Caitriona M O'Driscoll
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,SSPC Centre for Pharmaceutical Research, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Katie B Ryan
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland. .,SSPC Centre for Pharmaceutical Research, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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3
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Clairambault J. Stepping From Modeling Cancer Plasticity to the Philosophy of Cancer. Front Genet 2020; 11:579738. [PMID: 33329717 PMCID: PMC7710795 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.579738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jean Clairambault
- Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions, BC 187, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Inria, Paris, France
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4
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Pais A, Pande S, Pradhan G, Patil S. A complex karyotype with t(11;12)(q23;p13) translocation with coexistent clones of deletion 5q and cryptic deletion 7q in acute myeloid leukemia. Indian J Cancer 2020; 57:330-333. [DOI: 10.4103/ijc.ijc_473_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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5
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Ibrahim A, Zahran AM, Aly SS, Refaat A, Hassan MH. CD56 and CD11b Positivity with Low Smac/DIABLO Expression as Predictors of Chemoresistance in Acute Myeloid Leukaemia: Flow Cytometric Analysis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:3187-3192. [PMID: 30486609 PMCID: PMC6318388 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2018.19.11.3187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Resistance to chemotherapy is a major obstacle to curing acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), and several antigens are claimed to play primary roles in this resistance. Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the roles of CD56, CD11b and Smac/DIABLO gene expression levels as prognostic markers of the clinical outcome, response to chemotherapy and survival of AML patients. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 60 naïve-AML patients who received induction therapy with mitoxantrone and cytarabine combined with a high dose of cytarabine. The CD56,CD11b and Smac/DIABLO expression levels were assessed using flow cytometry at diagnosis and were analysed for correlation with the possible associated risk factors, response to chemotherapy, and median duration of disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Results: The overall results revealed that AML patients who exhibited positive expression for CD56 and CD11b had short median durations of DFS and OS.(P = 0.019, 0.006, 0.029 and 0.024, respectively). Additionally, low Smac/DIABLO expression had a negative impact on treatment outcome in terms of CR rate (p=0.012) and reduced DFS (p=0.000) and OS(p=0.000) values. Conclusions: CD56 and CD11b positivity and low Smac/DIABLO expression are important predictive factors for the occurrence of chemoresistance, in addition to other risk factors, among AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Ibrahim
- Department of Medical Oncology and Haematological Malignancies, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Egypt.
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6
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Li ZJ, Sui XL, Yang XB, Sun W. Similarity of regulatory network between leukemia stem cells and normal hemopoietic stem cells. INFECTION INTERNATIONAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/ii-2017-0165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractTo reveal the biology of AML, we compared gene-expression profiles between normal hematopoietic cells from 38 healthy donors and leukemic blasts (LBs) from 26 AML patients. We defined the comparison of LB and unselected BM as experiment 1, LB and CD34+ isolated from BM as experiment 2, LB and unselected PB as experiment 3, and LB and CD34+ isolated from PB as experiment 4. Then, protein–protein interaction network of DEGs was constructed to identify critical genes. Regulatory impact factors were used to identify critical transcription factors from the differential co-expression network constructed via reanalyzing the microarray profile from the perspective of differential co-expression. Gene ontology enrichment was performed to extract biological meaning. The comparison among the number of DEGs obtained in four experiments showed that cells did not tend to differentiation and CD34+ was more similar to cancer stem cells. Based on the results of protein–protein interaction network,CREBBP,F2RL1,MCM2, andTP53were respectively the key genes in experiments 1, 2, 3, and 4. From gene ontology analysis, we found that immune response was the most common one in four stages. Our results might provide a platform for determining the pathology and therapy of AML.
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7
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Lopez S, Voisset E, Tisserand JC, Mosca C, Prebet T, Santamaria D, Dubreuil P, De Sepulveda P. An essential pathway links FLT3-ITD, HCK and CDK6 in acute myeloid leukemia. Oncotarget 2018; 7:51163-51173. [PMID: 27323399 PMCID: PMC5239466 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
CDK4/CDK6 and RB proteins drive the progression through the G1 phase of the cell cycle. In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the activity of the CDK/Cyclin D complex is increased. The mechanism involved is unknown, as are the respective roles played by CDK4 or CDK6 in this process. Here, we report that AML cells carrying FLT3-ITD mutations are dependent on CDK6 for cell proliferation while CDK4 is not essential. We showed that FLT3-ITD signaling is responsible for CDK6 overexpression, through a pathway involving the SRC-family kinase HCK. Accordingly, FLT3-ITD failed to transform primary hematopoietic progenitor cells from Cdk6-/- mice. Our results demonstrate that CDK6 is the primary target of CDK4/CDK6 inhibitors in FLT3-ITD positive AML. Furthermore, we delineate an essential protein kinase pathway -FLT3/HCK/CDK6- in the context of AML with FLT3-ITD mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Lopez
- Inserm, Cancer Research Center of Marseille (CRCM), U1068, Marseille, France.,Institut Paoli-Calmettes (IPC), Marseille, France.,Aix-Marseille University, UM 105, Marseille, France.,CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille, France
| | - Edwige Voisset
- Inserm, Cancer Research Center of Marseille (CRCM), U1068, Marseille, France.,Institut Paoli-Calmettes (IPC), Marseille, France.,Aix-Marseille University, UM 105, Marseille, France.,CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille, France.,Present address: Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Julie C Tisserand
- Inserm, Cancer Research Center of Marseille (CRCM), U1068, Marseille, France.,Institut Paoli-Calmettes (IPC), Marseille, France.,Aix-Marseille University, UM 105, Marseille, France.,CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille, France
| | - Cyndie Mosca
- Inserm, Cancer Research Center of Marseille (CRCM), U1068, Marseille, France.,Institut Paoli-Calmettes (IPC), Marseille, France.,Aix-Marseille University, UM 105, Marseille, France.,CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Patrice Dubreuil
- Inserm, Cancer Research Center of Marseille (CRCM), U1068, Marseille, France.,Institut Paoli-Calmettes (IPC), Marseille, France.,Aix-Marseille University, UM 105, Marseille, France.,CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille, France
| | - Paulo De Sepulveda
- Inserm, Cancer Research Center of Marseille (CRCM), U1068, Marseille, France.,Institut Paoli-Calmettes (IPC), Marseille, France.,Aix-Marseille University, UM 105, Marseille, France.,CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille, France
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8
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Tang X, Zhou J, Zhang J, Zhou LY, Zhai LL, Vanessa MED, Yi J, Yi YY, Lin J, Deng ZQ. Low Expression of FUS1 Is Negatively Correlated with miR-378 and May Predict Adverse Prognoses in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Acta Haematol 2018; 139:89-95. [PMID: 29393096 DOI: 10.1159/000486663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
FUS1 is a tumor suppressor gene that has been found to be frequently lost in a variety of solid tumors. In this study, we aimed to investigate the expression status of the FUS1 gene in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), as well as its clinical significance. We further explored the correlation between the expression of FUS1 and miR-378 in AML. We detected expression of the FUS1 transcript in bone marrow mononuclear cells from 23 controls and 158 newly diagnosed AML patients by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Downregulated FUS1 expression was found in 139 out of 158 (87.97%) AML cases; this rate was significantly lower than that in all 23 controls (p = 0.012). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that the FUS1 transcript level could discriminate AML patients from controls effectively (area under the ROC curve = 0.663). Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that non-M3-AML patients with a low FUS1 expression had a shorter overall survival (p = 0.049) and leukemia-free survival (p = 0.051) than those with a high FUS1 expression. Furthermore, we studied the correlation between the expression of FUS1 and miR-378 in 53 newly diagnosed AML patients. We found that the correlation coefficient was -0.346, which showed that FUS1 and miR-378 were negatively correlated in AML patients (p = 0.011). These results indicate that the low expression of FUS1 is a common molecular event in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Tang
- Laboratory Center, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jiao Zhou
- Laboratory Center, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Laboratory Center, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ling-Yu Zhou
- Laboratory Center, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ling-Ling Zhai
- Laboratory Center, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Minse Evola-Deniz Vanessa
- Laboratory Center, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jing Yi
- Laboratory Center, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yun-Yun Yi
- Laboratory Center, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jiang Lin
- Laboratory Center, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhao-Qun Deng
- Laboratory Center, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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9
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Zhang J, Zhou J, Tang X, Zhou LY, Zhai LL, Vanessa MED, Yi J, Yi YY, Lin J, Qian J, Deng ZQ. Reduced expression of chemerin is associated with poor clinical outcome in acute myeloid leukemia. Oncotarget 2017; 8:92536-92544. [PMID: 29190935 PMCID: PMC5696201 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemerin is dysregulation in numerous solid cancers. However, only little is known about the role of chemerin in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In this study, we aimed to investigate the expression and clinical significance of recently described chemerin in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The expression of chemerin in 149 patients with de novo AML and 35 normal controls was quantified by Real-time quantitative PCR (RQ-PCR). Chemerin was down-expressed in AML compared with controls (P=0.042). A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve revealed that chemerin expression could differentiate patients with AML from control subjects (AUC=0.611, 95% CI: 0.490-0.732; P=0.042) respectively. The cohort of AML patients was divided into two groups according to the cut-off value of 0.0826 (79% sensitivity and 54% specificity, respectively). In addition, the AML patients with low chemerin expression had significantly shorter overall survival (OS) than those with high chemerin expression (P=0.049). Moreover, multivariate survival analysis confirmed that chemerin was an independent prognostic factor for AML patients. In conclusion, downregulation of chemerin might be a useful diagnostic and prognostic factor for AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Center, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hematology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Center, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hematology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Tang
- Department of Laboratory Center, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hematology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Yu Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Center, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hematology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Ling Zhai
- Department of Laboratory Center, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hematology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Minse Evola-Deniz Vanessa
- Department of Laboratory Center, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yi
- Department of Laboratory Center, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hematology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Yun Yi
- Department of Laboratory Center, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hematology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Lin
- Department of Laboratory Center, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Qian
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Qun Deng
- Department of Laboratory Center, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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10
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Goldman A, Kohandel M, Clairambault J. Integrating Biological and Mathematical Models to Explain and Overcome Drug Resistance in Cancer, Part 2: from Theoretical Biology to Mathematical Models. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40778-017-0098-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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11
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Berardi DE, Flumian C, Campodónico PB, Urtreger AJ, Diaz Bessone MI, Motter AN, Bal de Kier Joffé ED, Farias EF, Todaro LB. Myoepithelial and luminal breast cancer cells exhibit different responses to all-trans retinoic acid. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2015; 38:289-305. [PMID: 26044847 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-015-0230-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Breast cancer is the leading cause of death among women worldwide. The exact role of luminal epithelial (LEP) and myoephitelial (MEP) cells in breast cancer development is as yet unclear, as also how retinoids may affect their behaviour. Here, we set out to evaluate whether retinoids may differentially regulate cell type-specific processes associated with breast cancer development using the bi-cellular LM38-LP murine mammary adenocarcinoma cell line as a model. MATERIALS AND METHODS The bi-cellular LM38-LP murine mammary cell line was used as a model throughout all experiments. LEP and MEP subpopulations were separated using inmunobeads, and the expression of genes known to be involved in epithelial to mysenchymal transition (EMT) was assessed by qPCR after all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) treatment. In vitro invasive capacities of LM38-LP cells were evaluated using 3D Matrigel cultures in conjunction with confocal microscopy. Also, in vitro proliferation, senescence and apoptosis characteristics were evaluated in the LEP and MEP subpopulations after ATRA treatment, as well as the effects of ATRA treatment on the clonogenic, adhesive and invasive capacities of these cells. Mammosphere assays were performed to detect stem cell subpopulations. Finally, the orthotopic growth and metastatic abilities of LM38-LP monolayer and mammosphere-derived cells were evaluated in vivo. RESULTS We found that ATRA treatment modulates a set of genes related to EMT, resulting in distinct gene expression signatures for the LEP or MEP subpopulations. We found that the MEP subpopulation responds to ATRA by increasing its adhesion to extracellular matrix (ECM) components and by reducing its invasive capacity. We also found that ATRA induces apoptosis in LEP cells, whereas the MEP compartment responded with senescence. In addition, we found that ATRA treatment results in smaller and more organized LM38-LP colonies in Matrigel. Finally, we identified a third subpopulation within the LM38-LP cell line with stem/progenitor cell characteristics, exhibiting a partial resistance to ATRA. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that the luminal epithelial (LEP) and myoephitelial (MEP) mammary LM38-P subpopulations respond differently to ATRA, i.e., the LEP subpopulation responds with increased cell cycle arrest and apoptosis and the MEP subpopulation responds with increased senescence and adhesion, thereby decreasing its invasive capacity. Finally, we identified a third subpopulation with stem/progenitor cell characteristics within the LM38-LP mammary adenocarcinoma cell line, which appears to be non-responsive to ATRA.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/drug therapy
- Adenocarcinoma/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma/metabolism
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Blotting, Western
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Cell Cycle Checkpoints/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Disease Models, Animal
- Epithelial Cells/drug effects
- Epithelial Cells/metabolism
- Epithelial Cells/pathology
- Estrogen Receptor alpha/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Humans
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/drug therapy
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/genetics
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Models, Biological
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/genetics
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Tretinoin/pharmacology
- Tumor Burden/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Damián E Berardi
- Research Area, Institute of Oncology "Angel H. Roffo", University of Buenos Aires, Av. San Martín 5481, C1417DTB, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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12
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Pluta A, Wierzbowska A, Cebula-Obrzut B, Pluta P, Stępka K, Szmigielska-Kapłon A, Grzybowska-Izydorczyk O, Czemerska M, Smolewski P, Wrzesien-Kus A, Robak T. Prognostic value of inhibitor of apoptosis protein family expression in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2015; 56:2529-35. [DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2014.1003052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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13
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Phase I study of the novel Cdc2/CDK1 and AKT inhibitor terameprocol in patients with advanced leukemias. Invest New Drugs 2014; 33:389-96. [PMID: 25523151 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-014-0198-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Inhibiting survivin and Cdc2 (CDK1) has preclinical anti-leukemic activity. Terameprocol is a small molecule survivin and Cdc2/CDK1 inhibitor that was studied in a Phase I dose-escalation trial. PATIENTS AND METHODS Sixteen patients with advanced acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) were enrolled and 15 treated with Terameprocol in three dose cohorts intravenously three times per week for 2 weeks every 21 days. RESULTS Patients had AML (n = 11), chronic myelogeneous leukemia in blast phase (CML-BP, n = 2) and one each T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and MDS. Four, five and six patients were treated at the 1000, 1500 and 2200 mg Terameprocol dose cohorts respectively. Common related treatment emergent adverse events (TEAE) were grade 1 or 2 headache, transaminitis and pruritus, with one grade 4 serious AE (SAE) of pneumonia. No dose limiting toxicity (DLT) was observed, however, due to other observed grade 3 TEAE the recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) was determined at 1500 mg 3×/week for 2 weeks of a 21-day cycle. Partial remission and transfusion independence in a CML-BP patient (1500 mg cohort) and hematological improvement in erythroid (HI-E) and platelet lineage (HI-P) in an AML patient were observed. Five AML patients had stable disease greater/equal to 2 months. Pharmacodynamic studies showed a reduction of CDK1 and phospho-AKT protein expression. CONCLUSION Terameprocol can be safely administered to advanced leukemia patients, sufficient drug exposure was obtained and clinical activity and biomarker modulation were observed.
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14
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Chen C, Liu Y, Rappaport AR, Kitzing T, Schultz N, Zhao Z, Shroff AS, Dickins RA, Vakoc CR, Bradner JE, Stock W, LeBeau MM, Shannon KM, Kogan S, Zuber J, Lowe SW. MLL3 is a haploinsufficient 7q tumor suppressor in acute myeloid leukemia. Cancer Cell 2014; 25:652-65. [PMID: 24794707 PMCID: PMC4206212 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2014.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Recurring deletions of chromosome 7 and 7q [-7/del(7q)] occur in myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and are associated with poor prognosis. However, the identity of functionally relevant tumor suppressors on 7q remains unclear. Using RNAi and CRISPR/Cas9 approaches, we show that an ∼50% reduction in gene dosage of the mixed lineage leukemia 3 (MLL3) gene, located on 7q36.1, cooperates with other events occurring in -7/del(7q) AMLs to promote leukemogenesis. Mll3 suppression impairs the differentiation of HSPC. Interestingly, Mll3-suppressed leukemias, like human -7/del(7q) AMLs, are refractory to conventional chemotherapy but sensitive to the BET inhibitor JQ1. Thus, our mouse model functionally validates MLL3 as a haploinsufficient 7q tumor suppressor and suggests a therapeutic option for this aggressive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Chen
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial-Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yu Liu
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial-Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Amy R Rappaport
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, One Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Thomas Kitzing
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial-Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Nikolaus Schultz
- Computational Biology Center, Memorial-Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial-Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Aditya S Shroff
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial-Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ross A Dickins
- Molecular Medicine Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Christopher R Vakoc
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, One Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - James E Bradner
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Wendy Stock
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Michelle M LeBeau
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Kevin M Shannon
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Scott Kogan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Johannes Zuber
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, One Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA; Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Scott W Lowe
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial-Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Memorial-Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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15
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Deeb G, Wang E, Wallace P. Case study interpretation--Fort Lauderdale: Case 3. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2014; 88:404-7. [PMID: 24677776 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- George Deeb
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Eunice Wang
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Paul Wallace
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
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16
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Al-Kzayer LFY, Uyen LTN, Al-Jadiry MF, Al-Hadad SA, Al-Badri SAF, Ghali HH, Ameen NA, Liu T, Matsuda K, Abdulkadhim JMH, Al-Shujairi TA, Matti ZIIK, Hasan JG, Al-Abdullah HMS, Al-Ani MH, Saber PAI, Khalil HM, Inoshita T, Kamata M, Koike K, Sakashita K. Analysis of class I and II aberrations in Iraqi childhood acute myeloid leukemia using filter paper cards. Ann Hematol 2014; 93:949-55. [PMID: 24464319 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-014-2007-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The lack of molecular diagnosis in the field of cancer in Iraq has motivated us to perform a genetic analysis of pediatric acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), including class I and II aberrations. Peripheral blood or bone marrow cells were collected from 134 AML children aged ≤15 years. Flinders Technology Associates (FTA) filter paper cards were used to transfer dried blood samples from five Iraqi hospitals to Japan. DNA sequencing was performed to identify class I mutations. Nested RT-PCR was used to detect class II aberrations, except that MLL rearrangement was detected according to long distance inverse-PCR. NPM1 and FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3-internal tandem duplication (FLT3-ITD) mutations were analyzed by GeneScan using DNA template. Among 134 Iraqi pediatric AML samples, the most prevalent FAB subtype was M2 (33.6 %) followed by M3 (17.9 %). Class I mutations: 20 (14.9 %), 8 (6.0 %), and 8 (6.0 %) patients had FLT3-ITD, FLT3-TKD, and KIT mutations, respectively. Class II mutations: 24 (17.9 %), 19 (14.2 %), and 9 (6.7 %) children had PML-RARA, RUNX1-RUNX1T1, and CBFB-MYH11 transcripts, respectively. MLL rearrangements were detected in 25 (18.7 %) patients. NPM1 mutation was detected in seven (5.2 %) cases. Collectively, approximately 30 % of AML children were proved to carry favorable prognostic genetic abnormalities, whereas approximately 10 % had high FLT3-ITD allelic burden and needed a special treatment plan including allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) was frequent among Iraqi pediatric AML. It is likely that molecular diagnosis using FTA cards in underdeveloped countries could guide doctors towards an appropriate treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lika'a Fasih Y Al-Kzayer
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1, Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Nagano, Japan
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17
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Schittenhelm MM, Illing B, Ahmut F, Rasp KH, Blumenstock G, Döhner K, Lopez CD, Kampa-Schittenhelm KM. Attenuated expression of apoptosis stimulating protein of p53-2 (ASPP2) in human acute leukemia is associated with therapy failure. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80193. [PMID: 24312201 PMCID: PMC3842400 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Inactivation of the p53 pathway is a universal event in human cancers and promotes tumorigenesis and resistance to chemotherapy. Inactivating p53 mutations are uncommon in non-complex karyotype leukemias, thus the p53-pathway must be inactivated by other mechanisms. The Apoptosis Stimulating Protein of p53-2 (ASPP2) is a damage-inducible p53-binding protein that enhances apoptosis at least in part through a p53-mediated pathway. We have previously shown, that ASPP2 is an independent haploinsufficient tumor suppressor in vivo. Now, we reveal that ASPP2 expression is significantly attenuated in acute myeloid and lymphoid leukemia – especially in patients with an unfavorable prognostic risk profile and patients who fail induction chemotherapy. In line, knock down of ASPP2 in expressing leukemia cell lines and native leukemic blasts attenuates damage-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, cultured blasts derived from high-risk leukemias fail to induce ASPP2 expression upon anthracycline treatment. The mechanisms of ASPP2 dysregulation are unknown. We provide evidence that attenuation of ASPP2 is caused by hypermethylation of the promoter and 5′UTR regions in native leukemia blasts. Together, our results suggest that ASPP2 contributes to the biology of leukemia and expression should be further explored as a potential prognostic and/or predictive biomarker to monitor therapy responses in acute leukemia.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/genetics
- Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Gene Knockdown Techniques
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Treatment Failure
- Treatment Outcome
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus M. Schittenhelm
- University Hospital Tübingen, Department of Hematology, Oncology, Rheumatology, Immunology and Pulmology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Barbara Illing
- University Hospital Tübingen, Department of Hematology, Oncology, Rheumatology, Immunology and Pulmology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Figen Ahmut
- University Hospital Tübingen, Department of Hematology, Oncology, Rheumatology, Immunology and Pulmology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katharina Henriette Rasp
- University Hospital Tübingen, Department of Hematology, Oncology, Rheumatology, Immunology and Pulmology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gunnar Blumenstock
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Germany
| | - Konstanze Döhner
- University Hospital Ulm, Department of Internal Medicine III, Ulm, Germany
| | - Charles D. Lopez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University and The OHSU Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Kerstin M. Kampa-Schittenhelm
- University Hospital Tübingen, Department of Hematology, Oncology, Rheumatology, Immunology and Pulmology, Tübingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Herrmann H, Blatt K, Shi J, Gleixner KV, Cerny-Reiterer S, Müllauer L, Vakoc CR, Sperr WR, Horny HP, Bradner JE, Zuber J, Valent P. Small-molecule inhibition of BRD4 as a new potent approach to eliminate leukemic stem- and progenitor cells in acute myeloid leukemia AML. Oncotarget 2013; 3:1588-99. [PMID: 23249862 PMCID: PMC3681497 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a life-threatening stem cell disease characterized by uncontrolled proliferation and accumulation of myeloblasts. Using an advanced RNAi screen-approach in an AML mouse model we have recently identified the epigenetic ‘reader’ BRD4 as a promising target in AML. In the current study, we asked whether inhibition of BRD4 by a small-molecule inhibitor, JQ1, leads to growth-inhibition and apoptosis in primary human AML stem- and progenitor cells. Primary cell samples were obtained from 37 patients with freshly diagnosed AML (n=23) or refractory AML (n=14). BRD4 was found to be expressed at the mRNA and protein level in unfractionated AML cells as well as in highly enriched CD34+/CD38− and CD34+/CD38+ stem- and progenitor cells in all patients examined. In unfractionated leukemic cells, submicromolar concentrations of JQ1 induced major growth-inhibitory effects (IC50 0.05-0.5 μM) in most samples, including cells derived from relapsed or refractory patients. In addition, JQ1 was found to induce apoptosis in CD34+/CD38− and CD34+/CD38+ stem- and progenitor cells in all donors examined as evidenced by combined surface/Annexin-V staining. Moreover, we were able to show that JQ1 synergizes with ARA-C in inducing growth inhibition in AML cells. Together, the BRD4-targeting drug JQ1 exerts major anti-leukemic effects in a broad range of human AML subtypes, including relapsed and refractory patients and all relevant stem- and progenitor cell compartments, including CD34+/CD38− and CD34+/CD38+ AML cells. These results characterize BRD4-inhibition as a promising new therapeutic approach in AML which should be further investigated in clinical trials.
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Krawczyk J, Keane N, Swords R, O'Dwyer M, Freeman CL, Giles FJ. Perifosine--a new option in treatment of acute myeloid leukemia? Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2013; 22:1315-27. [PMID: 23931614 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2013.826648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Perifosine is a novel targeted oral Akt inhibitor. In preclinical leukemia models, perifosine has an independent cytotoxic potential but also synergizes well with other rationally selected targeted agents. The evidence from clinical trials supporting the use of perifosine in the therapy of leukemias is limited. The optimal dose and schedule have yet to be defined. However, given its favorable toxicity profile and mechanism of action, the therapeutic potential of perifosine should be evaluated in well-designed clinical trials. AREAS COVERED The role of the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt zpathway in normal cells, cancer and leukemias is discussed. The mechanism of action of perifosine and the basic information on the development and chemical properties are summarized. The evidence from in vivo and in vitro studies is presented. The efficacy and side effect profile are summarized. EXPERT OPINION The safety and tolerability profile of perifosine are satisfactory. The evidence from clinical trials in patients with leukemias is very limited. The preclinical data are encouraging. Perifosine has the potential to play a role in the treatment of leukemias in the future. Its role needs to be confirmed in clinical trials.
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20
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Interference with RUNX1/ETO leukemogenic function by cell-penetrating peptides targeting the NHR2 oligomerization domain. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:297692. [PMID: 23865046 PMCID: PMC3707205 DOI: 10.1155/2013/297692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Revised: 06/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The leukemia-associated fusion protein RUNX1/ETO is generated by the chromosomal translocation t(8;21) which appears in about 12% of all de novo acute myeloid leukemias (AMLs). Essential for the oncogenic potential of RUNX1/ETO is the oligomerization of the chimeric fusion protein through the nervy homology region 2 (NHR2) within ETO. In previous studies, we have shown that the intracellular expression of peptides containing the NHR2 domain inhibits RUNX1/ETO oligomerization, thereby preventing cell proliferation and inducing differentiation of RUNX1/ETO transformed cells. Here, we show that introduction of a recombinant TAT-NHR2 fusion polypeptide into the RUNX1/ETO growth-dependent myeloid cell line Kasumi-1 results in decreased cell proliferation and increased numbers of apoptotic cells. This effect was highly specific and mediated by binding the TAT-NHR2 peptide to ETO sequences, as TAT-polypeptides containing the oligomerization domain of BCR did not affect cell proliferation or apoptosis in Kasumi-1 cells. Thus, the selective interference with NHR2-mediated oligomerization by peptides represents a challenging but promising strategy for the inhibition of the leukemogenic potential of RUNX1/ETO in t(8;21)-positive leukemia.
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21
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Lasa-Saracíbar B, Estella-Hermoso de Mendoza A, Mollinedo F, Odero MD, Blanco-Príeto MJ. Edelfosine lipid nanosystems overcome drug resistance in leukemic cell lines. Cancer Lett 2013; 334:302-10. [PMID: 23353057 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Although current therapies have improved leukemia survival rates, adverse drug effects and relapse are frequent. Encapsulation of edelfosine (ET) in lipid nanoparticles (LNs) improves its oral bioavailability and decreases its toxicity. Here we evaluated the efficacy of ET-LN in myeloid leukemia cell lines. Drug-loaded LN were as effective as free ET in sensitive leukemia cell lines. Moreover, the encapsulated drug overcame the resistance of the K562 cell line to the drug. LN containing ET might be used as a promising drug delivery system in leukemia due to their capacity to overcome the in vivo pitfalls of the free drug and their efficacy in vitro in leukemia cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Lasa-Saracíbar
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, E-31080 Pamplona, Spain
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22
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Billy F, Clairambault J. Designing proliferating cell population models with functional targets for control by anti-cancer drugs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.3934/dcdsb.2013.18.865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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23
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Optimisation of Cancer Drug Treatments Using Cell Population Dynamics. LECTURE NOTES ON MATHEMATICAL MODELLING IN THE LIFE SCIENCES 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-4178-6_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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24
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Costa D, Vidal A, Carrió A, Muñoz C, Arias A, Gómez C, Berneaga D, Colomer D, Rozman M, Pratcorona M, Torrebadell M, Díaz-Beyá M, Esteve J, Campo E. Refining the diagnosis and prognostic categorization of acute myeloid leukemia patients with an integrated use of cytogenetic and molecular studies. Acta Haematol 2012; 129:65-71. [PMID: 23154527 DOI: 10.1159/000343616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Significant progress in the understanding of the genetic basis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has been made during the last 30 years. The aim of the present study was to assess whether the detection of recurrent gene rearrangements by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) studies and NPM1 and FLT3 gene mutations by molecular studies added clinically relevant information to the karyotype in 113 AML patients. Thus, FISH and molecular studies were found to add new information in 22 and 55% of the patients, respectively, particularly in cases with normal karyotype (NK) or when a cytogenetic analysis failed. Patients with NK changed their genetic risk group to favorable in 27 and 29% of cases using FISH and molecular biology studies, respectively. Our results demonstrate that molecular biology and FISH studies provide relevant information in AML and should be routinely performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolors Costa
- Hematopathology Section, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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25
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Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells from primary chronic myelogenous leukemia patient samples. Blood 2012; 119:6234-42. [PMID: 22592606 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-07-367441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be generated by the expression of defined transcription factors not only from normal tissue, but also from malignant cells. Cancer-derived iPSCs are expected to provide a novel experimental opportunity to establish the disease model. We generated iPSCs from imatinib-sensitive chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) patient samples. Remarkably, the CML-iPSCs were resistant to imatinib although they consistently expressed BCR-ABL oncoprotein. In CML-iPSCs, the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, AKT, and JNK, which are essential for the maintenance of both BCR-ABL (+) leukemia cells and iPSCs, were unchanged after imatinib treatment, whereas the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)5 and CRKL was significantly decreased. These results suggest that the signaling for iPSCs maintenance compensates for the inhibition of BCR-ABL. CML-iPSC-derived hematopoietic cells recovered the sensitivity to imatinib although CD34(+)38(-)90(+)45(+) immature cells were resistant to imatinib, which recapitulated the pathophysiologic feature of the initial CML. CML-iPSCs provide us with a novel platform to investigate CML pathogenesis on the basis of patient-derived samples.
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26
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Bullinger L, Fröhling S. Array-Based Cytogenetic Approaches in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Clinical Impact and Biological Insights. Semin Oncol 2012; 39:37-46. [DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2011.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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27
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Brunet S, Labopin M, Esteve J, Cornelissen J, Socié G, Iori AP, Verdonck LF, Volin L, Gratwohl A, Sierra J, Mohty M, Rocha V. Impact of FLT3 internal tandem duplication on the outcome of related and unrelated hematopoietic transplantation for adult acute myeloid leukemia in first remission: a retrospective analysis. J Clin Oncol 2012; 30:735-41. [PMID: 22291086 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.36.9868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and FLT3/internal tandem duplication (FLT3/ITD) have poor prognosis if treated with chemotherapy only. Whether this alteration also affects outcome after allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) remains uncertain. PATIENTS AND METHODS We analyzed 206 patients who underwent HLA-identical sibling and matched unrelated HSCTs reported to the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation with a diagnosis of AML with normal cytogenetics and data on FLT3/ITD (present: n = 120, 58%; absent: n = 86, 42%). Transplantations were performed in first complete remission (CR) after myeloablative conditioning. RESULTS Compared with FLT3/ITD-negative patients, FLT3/ITD-positive patients had higher median leukocyte count at diagnosis (59 v 21 × 10(9)/L; P < .001) and shorter interval from CR to transplantation (87 v 99 days; P = .04). Other characteristics were similar in the two groups. At 2 years, relapse incidence (RI; ± standard deviation) was higher (30% ± 5% v 16% ± 5%; P = .006) and leukemia-free survival (LFS) lower (58% ± 5% v 71% ± 6%; P = .04) in FLT3/ITD-positive compared with FLT3/ITD-negative patients. In multivariate analyses, FLT3/ITD led to increased RI (hazard ratio [HR], 3.4; 95% CI, 1.46 to 7.94; P = .005), as did older age, female sex, shorter interval between CR and transplantation, and higher number of chemotherapy courses before achieving CR. FLT3/ITD positivity was associated with decreased LFS (HR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.19 to 0.73; P = .002), along with older age and higher number of chemotherapy courses before achieving CR. CONCLUSION FLT3/ITD adversely affected the outcome of HSCT in the same direction it does after chemotherapy; despite this, more than half of the patients harboring this mutation who received transplants were alive and leukemia free at 2 years. To further improve the results, use of FLT3 inhibitors before or after HSCT deserves investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salut Brunet
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.
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Abstract
To identify rational therapeutic combinations with cytarabine (Ara-C), we developed a high-throughput, small-interference RNA (siRNA) platform for myeloid leukemia cells. Of 572 kinases individually silenced in combination with Ara-C, silencing of 10 (1.7%) and 8 (1.4%) kinases strongly increased Ara-C activity in TF-1 and THP-1 cells, respectively. The strongest molecular concepts emerged around kinases involved in cell-cycle checkpoints and DNA-damage repair. In confirmatory siRNA assays, inhibition of WEE1 resulted in more potent and universal sensitization across myeloid cell lines than siRNA inhibition of PKMYT1, CHEK1, or ATR. Treatment of 8 acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cell lines with commercial and the first-in-class clinical WEE1 kinase inhibitor MK1775 confirmed sensitization to Ara-C up to 97-fold. Ex vivo, adding MK1775 substantially reduced viability in 13 of 14 AML, CML, and myelodysplastic syndrome patient samples compared with Ara-C alone. Maximum sensitization occurred at lower to moderate concentrations of both drugs. Induction of apoptosis was increased using a combination of Ara-C and MK1775 compared with using either drug alone. WEE1 is expressed in primary AML, ALL, and CML specimens. Data from this first siRNA-kinome sensitizer screen suggests that inhibiting WEE1 in combination with Ara-C is a rational combination for the treatment of myeloid and lymphoid leukemias.
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29
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Wang C, Lu J, Wang Y, Bai S, Wang Y, Wang L, Sheng G. Combined effects of FLT3 and NF-κB selective inhibitors on acute myeloid leukemia in vivo. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2011; 26:35-43. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.20411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2011] [Revised: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/31/2011] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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30
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Ahmad EI, Gawish HH, Al Azizi NM, Elhefni AM. The prognostic impact of K-RAS mutations in adult acute myeloid leukemia patients treated with high-dose cytarabine. Onco Targets Ther 2011; 4:115-21. [PMID: 21792317 PMCID: PMC3143910 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s12602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Activating point mutation of the RAS gene has been generally accepted as an oncogenic event in a variety of malignancies. It represents one of the most common genetic alterations in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, little is known about its clinical relevance in the treatment outcome for this leukemia. Objective This study aimed to clarify the biologic and prognostic impact of K-RAS mutations in relation to the dose of cytarabine (ara-C) used in postinduction consolidation chemotherapy in adult AML patients. Patients and methods The study comprised of 71 de novo AML patients with male/ female ratio 1.4:1; their ages ranged from 21–59 years with a median of 37 years. They were subjected to full clinical evaluation, routine laboratory investigations, cytogenetic studies by G-banding (Giemsa staining), and K-RAS mutation detection using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The patients were randomized into two groups according to the ara-C dose used in consolidation treatment, the high the dose ara-C (HDAC) group receiving 400 mg ara-C and-low-dose ara-C (LDAC) group receiving 100 mg ara-C; they were followed over a period of five years. Results Mutations in the K-RAS gene (mutRAS) were detected in 23 patients (32%) with the remaining 48 patients (68%) having wild-type RAS (wtRAS). The percent of blast cells was significantly lower in mutRAS compared to wtRAS patients (P ≤ 0.001) while M4 subtype of AML and Inv(16) frequencies were significantly higher in mutRAS compared to wtRAS patients (P = 0.015) and (P = 0.003), respectively. The patients were followed up for a median of 43 months (range 11–57 months). There was no significant difference in overall survival (OS) between mutRAS and wtRAS (P = 0.326). Within the mutRAS patients treated with HDAC, cumulative OS was significantly higher than those treated with LDAC (P = 0.001). This was not the case in the wtRAS group (P = 0.285). There was no significant difference in disease-free survival (DFS) between mutRAS and wtRAS groups (P = 0.923). mutRAS patients treated with HDAC had a statistically higher cumulative DFS than mutRAS patients treated with LDAC (P = 0.001). Patients with wtRAS also benefited from HDAC, but to a lesser extent. Among patients with wtRAS, those treated with HDAC showed higher cumulative and median DFS than patients treated with LDAC (P = 0.031). Conclusion It was concluded that adult AML patients carrying mutations in the K-RAS gene benefit from higher ara-C doses more than wtRAS patients, so pretreatment mutation detection could be an important predictor for treatment strategy and survival of adult AML patients. These findings counter the prevailing bias that oncogene mutations lead to more aggressive behavior in human malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebtesam I Ahmad
- Clinical Pathology Department, Hematology and Oncology Unit of Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Sharkia, Egypt
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Clairambault J. Optimizing cancer pharmacotherapeutics using mathematical modeling and a systems biology approach. Per Med 2011; 8:271-286. [PMID: 29783516 DOI: 10.2217/pme.11.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Research in mathematics and in mathematical biology on cancer and its treatments has been soaring in the past 10 years at an unprecedented speed. Such thriving is likely due as much to new findings in fundamental biology as to an emerging general interest from mathematicians and engineers towards applications in biology and medicine and to their subsequently designed representations and predictions of tumor processes that are now allowed by modern means of computation and simulation. This article, which does not claim the status of an extended review paper on mathematical models of cancer and its treatment, is focused on modeling in a systems biology perspective. I will list here the most necessary mathematical methods, in my opinion, which, while enforcing already existing methods, should be further developed towards designing and applying optimized individualized treatments of cancer in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Clairambault
- INRIA Paris-Rocquencourt, Domaine de Voluceau, F78153 Rocquencourt, France.
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Flt3-ITD alters chemotherapy response in vitro and in vivo in a p53-dependent manner. Exp Hematol 2011; 39:473-485.e4. [PMID: 21288478 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2011.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2010] [Revised: 01/03/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The FLT3 internal tandem duplication (Flt3-ITD) confers a worse prognosis for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML); however, the mechanisms involved are unknown. As AML is treated with cytarabine (Ara-C) and an anthracycline, we sought to determine the effects of the Flt3-ITD on response to these agents. MATERIALS AND METHODS A genetically defined mouse model of AML was used to examine the effects of the Flt3-ITD on response to cytarabine and doxorubicin in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS In vitro, the Flt3-ITD conferred resistance to doxorubicin and doxorubicin plus Ara-C, but sensitivity to Ara-C alone. This resistance was reversible by the Flt3-ITD inhibitor sorafenib. The Flt3-ITD did not affect DNA damage levels after treatment, but was associated with increased levels of p53. The p53 response was critical to the observed changes as the Flt3-ITD had no effect on chemotherapy response in the setting of p53 null AML. In vivo, the Flt3-ITD accelerated engraftment that was partially reversible by Ara-C but not doxorubicin. Additionally, Ara-C provided a significant reduction in disease burden and a survival advantage that was not increased by the addition of doxorubicin. Doxorubicin alone led to only minimal disease reduction and no survival benefit. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that the Flt3-ITD confers sensitivity to Ara-C, but resistance to doxorubicin in a manner that depends on p53. Thus, patients with Flt3-ITD positive AML may not benefit from treatment with an anthracycline.
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McArt DG, Zhang SD. Identification of candidate small-molecule therapeutics to cancer by gene-signature perturbation in connectivity mapping. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16382. [PMID: 21305029 PMCID: PMC3031567 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2010] [Accepted: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Connectivity mapping is a recently developed technique for discovering the underlying connections between different biological states based on gene-expression similarities. The sscMap method has been shown to provide enhanced sensitivity in mapping meaningful connections leading to testable biological hypotheses and in identifying drug candidates with particular pharmacological and/or toxicological properties. Challenges remain, however, as to how to prioritise the large number of discovered connections in an unbiased manner such that the success rate of any following-up investigation can be maximised. We introduce a new concept, gene-signature perturbation, which aims to test whether an identified connection is stable enough against systematic minor changes (perturbation) to the gene-signature. We applied the perturbation method to three independent datasets obtained from the GEO database: acute myeloid leukemia (AML), cervical cancer, and breast cancer treated with letrozole. We demonstrate that the perturbation approach helps to identify meaningful biological connections which suggest the most relevant candidate drugs. In the case of AML, we found that the prevalent compounds were retinoic acids and PPAR activators. For cervical cancer, our results suggested that potential drugs are likely to involve the EGFR pathway; and with the breast cancer dataset, we identified candidates that are involved in prostaglandin inhibition. Thus the gene-signature perturbation approach added real values to the whole connectivity mapping process, allowing for increased specificity in the identification of possible therapeutic candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darragh G. McArt
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology (CCRCB), Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Shu-Dong Zhang
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology (CCRCB), Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Cristóbal I, Garcia-Orti L, Cirauqui C, Alonso MM, Calasanz MJ, Odero MD. PP2A impaired activity is a common event in acute myeloid leukemia and its activation by forskolin has a potent anti-leukemic effect. Leukemia 2011; 25:606-14. [PMID: 21233840 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2010.294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a human tumor suppressor that inhibits cellular transformation by regulating the activity of several signaling proteins critical for malignant cell behavior. PP2A has been described as a potential therapeutic target in chronic myeloid leukemia, Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia and B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Here, we show that PP2A inactivation is a recurrent event in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and that restoration of PP2A phosphatase activity by treatment with forskolin in AML cells blocks proliferation, induces caspase-dependent apoptosis and affects AKT and ERK1/2 activity. Moreover, treatment with forskolin had an additive effect with Idarubicin and Ara-c, drugs used in standard induction therapy in AML patients. Analysis at protein level of the PP2A activation status in a series of patients with AML at diagnosis showed PP2A hyperphosphorylation in 78% of cases (29/37). In addition, we found that either deregulated expression of the endogenous PP2A inhibitors SET or CIP2A, overexpression of SETBP1, or downregulation of some PP2A subunits, might be contributing to PP2A inhibition in AML. In conclusion, our results show that PP2A inhibition is a common event in AML cells and that PP2A activators, such as forskolin or FTY720, could represent potential novel therapeutic targets in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Cristóbal
- Division of Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
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Bacher U, Kohlmann A, Haferlach T. Gene expression profiling for diagnosis and therapy in acute leukaemia and other haematologic malignancies. Cancer Treat Rev 2010; 36:637-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2010.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2010] [Revised: 05/09/2010] [Accepted: 05/10/2010] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Yao DM, Qian J, Lin J, Wang YL, Chen Q, Qian Z, Li Y, Wang CZ, Yang J. Aberrant methylation of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein zeta promoter in acute myeloid leukemia. Leuk Res 2010; 35:957-60. [PMID: 21106240 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2010.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2010] [Revised: 10/04/2010] [Accepted: 10/31/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aberrant changes of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) are now recognized as an important mechanism contributing to the development of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). CCAAT/enhancer binding protein zeta (C/EBPζ), a candidate TSG, has been found to be involved in cancers including AML. We detected the methylation status of C/EBPζ promoter in 133 patients with AML using the methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MS-PCR) and examined C/EBPζ transcript in 32 patients using real-time quantitative PCR. The abnormal methylation of C/EBPζ gene promoter was found in 62 (46.6%) AML cases. No correlation was found between C/EBPζ promoter hypermethylation and the age, sex, WBC counts, platelet counts and FAB subtypes of AML patients (P>0.05). The trend that the frequency of C/EBPζ methylation increased as karyotype became more adverse was observed (R=0.167, P=0.075). There was a significant correlation between C/EBPζ expression and C/EBPζ methylation in AML patients (R=0.606, P=0.002). Our data suggest that the aberrant methylation of C/EBPζ promoter may be involved in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ming Yao
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Rd, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212002, PR China
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Abstract
CONTEXT Rapid advances in understanding the molecular biology of acute myeloid leukemia are transforming the approach to diagnosis, prognostication, and treatment of these cases. OBJECTIVE To briefly review the current state of AML classification with a particular emphasis on the role of molecular studies and their impact on the management of acute myeloid leukemia and other malignancies. DATA SOURCES Current literature and experience of the authors. CONCLUSIONS While morphology, immunophenotyping, cytogenetics, and clinical history continue to play an important role, an increasing number of molecular tests are now required to properly classify these cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan L Betz
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48105-3450, USA.
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Qian J, Qian Z, Lin J, Yao DM, Chen Q, Li Y, Ji RB, Yang J, Xiao GF, Wang YL. Abnormal methylation of GRAF promoter Chinese patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Leuk Res 2010; 35:783-6. [PMID: 21074269 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2010.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2010] [Revised: 10/01/2010] [Accepted: 10/17/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The epigenetic disturbances are recognized as an alternative mechanism contributing to the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). GTPase regulator associated with focal adhesion kinase (GRAF), a putative tumor suppressor gene, was revealed with mutations and promoter methylation in AML and myelodysplastic syndrome. In this study, we investigated the methylation status of GRAF promoter in Chinese AML patients. Aberrant methylation of GRAF promoter was detected in 66.7% (88/132) of the cases analyzed. The methylation of GRAF gene could be detected in all FAB subtypes and in all cytogenetic risk groups. There were no significant differences in clinical features, FAB subtypes and cytogenetic risk groups between patients with and without GRAF methylation. GRAF transcript was significantly lower in AML group compared to controls (3.30 vs 56.06, P<0.001). Both patients with methylated GRAF gene and those without methylated GRAF gene had significantly lower GRAF transcript than controls (P<0.001). Furthermore, GRAF transcript was significantly lower in patients with methylated GRAF than those without methylated GRAF (1.64 vs 6.42, P=0.005). These findings suggest that the hypermethylation of GRAF promoter might be one of early events in the development of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Qian
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Ahmad R, Liu S, Weisberg E, Nelson E, Galinsky I, Meyer C, Kufe D, Kharbanda S, Stone R. Combining the FLT3 inhibitor PKC412 and the triterpenoid CDDO-Me synergistically induces apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia with the internal tandem duplication mutation. Mol Cancer Res 2010; 8:986-93. [PMID: 20571062 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-10-0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Mutations of the FLT3 receptor tyrosine kinase consisting of internal tandem duplications (ITD) have been detected in blasts from 20% to 30% of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and are associated with a poor prognosis. FLT3/ITD results in constitutive autophosphorylation of the receptor and factor-independent survival in leukemia cell lines. The C-28 methyl ester of the oleane triterpenoid (CDDO-Me) is a multifunctional molecule that induces apoptosis of human myeloid leukemia cells. Here, we report that CDDO-Me blocks targeting of NFkappaB to the nucleus by inhibiting IkappaB kinase beta-mediated phosphorylation of IkappaBalpha. Moreover, CDDO-Me blocked constitutive activation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3. We report the potent and selective antiproliferative effects of CDDO-Me on FLT3/ITD-positive myeloid leukemia cell lines and primary AML cells. The present studies show that CDDO-Me treatment results in caspase-3-mediated induction of apoptosis of FLT3/ITD-expressing cells and its antiproliferative effects are synergistic with PKC412, a FLT3-tyrosine kinase inhibitor currently in clinical trials. Taken together, our studies indicate that CDDO-Me greatly enhanced the efficacy of the FLT3 inhibitor PKC412, suggesting that combining two separate pathway inhibitors might be a viable therapeutic strategy for AML associated with a FLT3/ITD mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehan Ahmad
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Gene expression profiling in AML with normal karyotype can predict mutations for molecular markers and allows novel insights into perturbed biological pathways. Leukemia 2010; 24:1216-20. [PMID: 20428199 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2010.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Reckzeh K, Cammenga J. Molecular mechanisms underlying deregulation of C/EBPalpha in acute myeloid leukemia. Int J Hematol 2010; 91:557-68. [PMID: 20422469 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-010-0573-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2010] [Revised: 04/12/2010] [Accepted: 04/13/2010] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The CEBPA gene encodes a transcription factor protein that is crucial for granulocytic differentiation, regulation of myeloid gene expression and growth arrest. Mutations in one or both alleles of CEBPA are observed in about 10% of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Moreover, other genetic events associated with AML have been identified to deregulate C/EBPalpha expression and function at various levels. Recently developed mouse models that accurately mimic the genetic C/EBPalpha alterations in human AML demonstrate C/EBPalpha's gatekeeper function in the control of self-renewal and lineage commitment of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Moreover, these studies indicate that CEBPA mutations affect HSCs in early leukemia development by inducing proliferation and limiting their lineage potential. However, the exact relationship between 'pre-leukemic' HCSs and those cells that finally initiate leukemia (leukemia-initiating cells) with disturbed differentiation and aberrant proliferation remains elusive. More research is needed to identify and characterize these functionally distinct populations and the exact role of the different genetic alterations in the process of leukemia initiation and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Reckzeh
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Pluta A, Wrzesien-Kus A, Cebula-Obrzut B, Wolska A, Szmigielska-Kaplon A, Czemerska M, Pluta P, Robak T, Smolewski P, Wierzbowska A. Influence of high expression of Smac/DIABLO protein on the clinical outcome in acute myeloid leukemia patients. Leuk Res 2010; 34:1308-13. [PMID: 20061022 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2009.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2009] [Revised: 11/29/2009] [Accepted: 11/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The role of the Smac/DIABLO protein, a novel apoptosis agonist, in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is not clearly determined. The expression of Smac/DIABLO protein in AML leukemic cells and its relationship with clinical outcome was evaluated in this study. The intracellular expression of Smac/DIABLO protein was assessed using multi-color flow cytometry in 71 newly diagnosed AML patients treated with conventional chemotherapy. It was found that the high expression of Smac/DIABLO protein was an independent prognostic factor in terms of higher complete remission rate (p<0.001) and longer overall survival (p=0.003). Moreover the low expression of Smac/DIABLO protein was associated with poor karyotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Pluta
- Department of Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, Copernicus Memorial Hospital, Ciolkowskiego 2 str, 93-510 Lodz, Poland
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Boehm A, Mayerhofer M, Herndlhofer S, Knoebl P, Sillaber C, Sperr WR, Jaeger U, Valent P. Evaluation of in vivo antineoplastic effects of rapamycin in patients with chemotherapy-refractory AML. Eur J Intern Med 2009; 20:775-8. [PMID: 19892307 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2009.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2009] [Revised: 09/06/2009] [Accepted: 09/08/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) has recently been identified as a potential target in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). METHODS We treated 5 patients with chemotherapy-refractory AML with the mTOR-inhibitor rapamycin at 2mg per os daily for 14 days, with dose adjustment allowed to reach a target serum rapamycin concentration of 10-20 ng/mL. Four of five patients received additional hydroxyurea at constant dose during treatment with rapamycin. RESULTS Two patients achieved a leukocyte response, in one of them, a prolonged response was seen. In the other patients, blast counts remained stable or increased during rapamycin therapy. We did not observe severe hematologic or non-hematologic side effects of rapamycin. CONCLUSION Rapamycin at 2mg per day acts mildly cytoreductive in a subgroup of patients with refractory AML. Higher doses and drug combinations may be required to obtain long lasting anti-leukemic effects in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Boehm
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
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Abstract
All cancers arise as a result of changes that have occurred in the DNA sequence of the genomes of cancer cells. Over the past quarter of a century much has been learnt about these mutations and the abnormal genes that operate in human cancers. We are now, however, moving into an era in which it will be possible to obtain the complete DNA sequence of large numbers of cancer genomes. These studies will provide us with a detailed and comprehensive perspective on how individual cancers have developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Stratton
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.
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Bacher U, Kohlmann A, Haferlach T. Current status of gene expression profiling in the diagnosis and management of acute leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2009; 145:555-68. [PMID: 19344393 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2009.07656.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Gene expression profiling (GEP) enables the simultaneous investigation of the expression of tens of thousands of genes and was successfully introduced in leukaemia research a decade ago. Aiming to better understand the diversity of genetic aberrations in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), pioneer studies investigated and confirmed the predictability of many cytogenetic and molecular subclasses in AML and ALL. In addition, GEP can define new prognostic subclasses within distinct leukaemia subgroups, as illustrated in AML with normal karyotype. Another approach is the development of treatment-specific sensitivity assays, which might contribute to targeted therapy studies. Finally, GEP might enable the detection of new molecular targets for therapy in patients with acute leukaemia. Meanwhile, large multicentre studies, e.g. the Microarray Innovations in LEukaemia (MILE) study, prepare for a standardised introduction of GEP in leukaemia diagnostic algorithms, aiming to translate this novel methodology into clinical routine for the benefit of patients with the complex disorders of AML and ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Bacher
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Cancer Center Hamburg, Hamburg
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47
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Bacher U, Schnittger S, Haferlach C, Haferlach T. Molecular diagnostics in acute leukemias. Clin Chem Lab Med 2009; 47:1333-41. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2009.324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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