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Idelman G, Rizza C, Marella S, Sharma A, Chakraborty S, Tay HL, Tomar S, Ganesan V, Schuler CF, Baker JR, Hogan SP. Inducible pluripotent stem cells to study human mast cell trajectories. Mucosal Immunol 2024:S1933-0219(24)00069-2. [PMID: 39038754 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2024.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are derived from CD34+ hematopoietic progenitors, consist of different subtypes and are involved in several inflammatory conditions. However, our understanding of human MC developmental trajectories and subtypes have been limited by a scarcity of suitable cellular model systems. Herein, we developed an in vitro model of human MC differentiation from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) to study human MC differentiation trajectories. Flow cytometry characterization of hemopoietic cells derived from the myeloid cells-forming complex (MCFC) revealed an initial increase in Lin- CD34+ hematopoietic progenitors within Weeks 1-3, followed by an increase in CD34- CD45RA- SSCLow and SSChigh hematopoietic cells. The Lin- CD34+ hematopoietic progenitors consisted of SSClow CD45RA- CD123± c-Kit+ FcERI+ population that was β7-integrinhigh CD203c+ and β7-integrinhigh CD203c- cells consistent with CMPFceRI+ cells. Flow cytometry and cytologic analyses of the CD34- Lin- (SSClow) population revealed hypogranular cell populations, predominantly characterized by CD45RA- CD123± c-Kit+ FcERI- β7-integrinlow and CD45RA- CD123± c-Kit- FcERI+ β7-integrinMid cells. Analyses of hypergranular SSChigh cells identified Lin- CD34- CD45RA- c-Kit+ FceRI- and Lin- CD34- CD45RA- c-Kit+ FceRI+ cells. scRNA seq analysis of the cells harvested at week 4 of the MCFC culture revealed the presence of monocyte and granulocyte progenitors (n = 547 cells, 26.7 %), Erythrocyte / unknown (n = 85, 4.1 %), neutrophils / myelocytes (n = 211 cells, 10.2 %), Mast cell progenitor 1 (n = 599, 29.1 %), Mast cell progenitor 2 (n = 152, 7.4 %), Committed Mast cell precursor (n = 113, 5.5 %), and mast cells (n = 353, 17.1 %). In silico analyses of the MC precursor and mature MC populations revealed transcriptionally distinct MC precursor subtype and mature MC states (CMA1+ and CMA1- subtypes). Culturing MC precursor populations in MC maturation media (mast cell media II) led to homogenous mature MC populations as evidenced by high expression of high affinity IgE receptor, metachromatic granules, presence of MC granule proteins (Tryptase and Chymase) and activation following substance P stimulation and FceRI crosslinking. This human iPSC-based approach generates MC precursors and phenotypically mature and functional MC populations. This system will be a useful model to generate human MC populations and broaden our understanding of MC biology and transcriptional regulation of MC differentiation trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gila Idelman
- Mary H Weiser Food Allergy Center, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
| | - Christian Rizza
- Department of Pathology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
| | - Sahiti Marella
- Department of Pathology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
| | - Ankit Sharma
- Mary H Weiser Food Allergy Center, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
| | - Somdutta Chakraborty
- Mary H Weiser Food Allergy Center, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
| | - Hock L Tay
- Mary H Weiser Food Allergy Center, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
| | - Sunil Tomar
- Mary H Weiser Food Allergy Center, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
| | - Varsha Ganesan
- Mary H Weiser Food Allergy Center, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
| | - Charles F Schuler
- Mary H Weiser Food Allergy Center, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA; Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - James R Baker
- Mary H Weiser Food Allergy Center, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA; Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Simon P Hogan
- Mary H Weiser Food Allergy Center, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA; Department of Pathology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA.
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2
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Hu C, Zhang Y, Yang J, Xu Y, Deng T, Li Y, Xu S, Wang S, Wang P. Ningetinib, a novel FLT3 inhibitor, overcomes secondary drug resistance in acute myeloid leukemia. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:355. [PMID: 38978049 PMCID: PMC11229190 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01729-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 internal tandem duplication (FLT3-ITD) is a common mutation type in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and is usually associated with poor patient prognosis. With advancements in molecular diagnostics and the development of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), the overall survival (OS) of AML patients with FLT3-ITD mutations has been prolonged to some extent, but relapse and drug resistance are still substantial challenges. Ningetinib is a novel TKI against various kinases in relation to tumour pathogenesis and is undergoing clinical trials of lung cancer. In this study, we explored the antitumor activity of ningetinib against AML with FLT3 mutations both in vivo and in vitro. METHODS Cell proliferation assays were performed in AML cell lines and Ba/F3 cells expressing various FLT3 mutations to validate the antileukemic activity of ningetinib in vitro. Immunoblot assays were used to verify the effect of ningetinib on the FLT3 protein and downstream pathways. Molecular docking and CETSA were used to validate the interaction of ningetinib with target proteins. The survival benefit of ningetinib in vivo was assessed in Ba/F3-FLT3-ITD-, MOLM13, Ba/F3-FLT3-ITD-F691L-, MOLM13-FLT3-ITD-F691L-induced leukemia mouse models. We also used patient-derived primary cells to determine the efficacy of ningetinib. RESULTS Ningetinib inhibited cell proliferation, blocked the cell cycle, induced apoptosis and bound FLT3 to inhibit its downstream signaling pathways, including the STAT5, AKT and ERK pathways, in FLT3-ITD AML cell lines. In the mouse models with FLT3-ITD and FLT3-ITD-F691L mutation, ningetinib showed superior anti-leukemia activity to existing clinical drugs gilteritinib and quizartinib, significantly prolongating the survival of mice. In addition, ningetinib exhibited activity against patient-derived primary cells harboring FLT3-ITD mutations. CONCLUSION Overall, our study confirmed the therapeutic role of ningetinib in AML with FLT3-ITD mutations, providing a potential new option for clinically resistant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuhong Hu
- Department of Hematology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, Guangdong, China
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510180, Guangdong, China
| | - Yvyin Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Hematology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, Guangdong, China
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510180, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanli Xu
- Department of Hematology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, Guangdong, China
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510180, Guangdong, China
| | - Tingfen Deng
- Department of Hematology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, Guangdong, China
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510180, Guangdong, China
| | - Yumiao Li
- Department of Hematology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, Guangdong, China
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510180, Guangdong, China
| | - Shilin Xu
- Department of Hematology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, Guangdong, China
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510180, Guangdong, China
| | - Shunqing Wang
- Department of Hematology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, Guangdong, China.
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510180, Guangdong, China.
| | - Peihong Wang
- Department of Hematology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, Guangdong, China.
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510180, Guangdong, China.
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3
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Márton A, Veres KB, Erdődi F, Udvardy M, Illés Á, Rejtő L. The roles of phosphorylation of signaling proteins in the prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia. Pathol Oncol Res 2024; 30:1611747. [PMID: 39035053 PMCID: PMC11257863 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2024.1611747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Signaling pathways of Retinoblastoma (Rb) protein, Akt-kinase, and Erk-kinase (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) have an important role in the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia. Constitutive activation of these proteins by phosphorylation contributes to cell survival by regulation of cell cycle, proliferation and proapoptotic signaling processes. According to previous data phosphorylated forms of these proteins represent a worse outcome for cancer patients. We investigated the presence of phosphorylated Rb (P-Rb), Akt (P-Akt) and Erk (P-Erk) proteins by Western blot technique using phospho-specific antibodies in bone marrow or peripheral blood samples of 69 AML patients, 36 patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and 10 healthy volunteers. Expression level of PTEN (Phosphatase and tensin homolog) and PHLPP (PH domain and leucine-rich repeat Protein Phosphatase) phosphatases, the negative regulators of Akt kinase pathway were also examined. We tested the effect of these proteins on survival and on the correlation with known prognostic features in AML. We found 46.3% of AML patients had detectable P-Rb, 34.7% had P-Akt and 28.9% had P-Erk protein. 66.1% of patients expressing PTEN, 38.9% PHLPP, 37.2% both PTEN and PHLPP and 32.2% neither PTEN nor PHLPP phosphatases. Compared to nucleophosmin mutation (NPMc) negative samples P-Erk was significantly less in nucleophosmin mutated patients, P-Rb was significantly less in patients' group with more than 30 G/L peripheral leukocyte count by diagnosis. PHLPP was significantly present in FAB type M5. The expression of P-Rb represented significant better overall survival (OS), while P-Akt represented significantly worse event-free survival (EFS) in unfavorable cytogenetics patients. The presence of both PHLPP and PTEN phosphatases contributes to better OS and EFS, although the differences were not statistically significant. We confirmed significant positive correlation between P-Akt and PHLPP. Assessing the phosphorylation of Rb, Akt and Erk may define a subgroup of AML patients who would benefit especially from new targeted treatment options complemented the standard chemotherapy, and it may contribute to monitoring remission, relapse or progression of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienn Márton
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Kálmán Laki Doctoral School, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | - Ferenc Erdődi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Miklós Udvardy
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Árpád Illés
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Rejtő
- Department of Hematology, Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg County Teaching Hospital, Nyíregyháza, Hungary
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4
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Wang Z, An Y, Wang J, Lu J. Deciphering the mechanism of HM43239 inhibiting the mutant F691L resistant to gilteritinib in FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:5817-5826. [PMID: 37382586 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2229447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
FMS-like tyrosine kinase (FLT3) has become the legitimate molecular therapeutic target for acute myeloid leukemia therapy. Though FLT3 inhibitors have impact on disease progression, drug resistance induced by secondary point mutations is the primary mechanism and urgent to overcome. Herein, we sought to decipher the mechanism of HM43239 inhibiting the mutant F691L resistant to gilteritinib in FLT3. A series of molecular modeling studies, including molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, dynamic cross-correlation (DCC) analysis, binding free energy (MM-GBSA) and docking study were explored to elucidate the differential tolerance mechanisms of two inhibitors to the same mutant. The F691L mutation had relatively larger effect on gilteritinib than HM43239, which showed as the changed and fixed conformation, respectively. These observations rationalized that the binding affinity of gilteritinib decreased more than that of HM43239 in the F691L mutant.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Linghe District, Jinzhou, China
| | - Yu An
- Department of Open Education, Jinzhou Open University, Linghe District, Jinzhou, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenhe District, Shenyang, China
| | - Jinghua Lu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Linghe District, Jinzhou, China
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5
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Lap CJ, Abrahim MS, Nassereddine S. Perspectives and challenges of small molecule inhibitor therapy for FLT3-mutated acute myeloid leukemia. Ann Hematol 2024; 103:2215-2229. [PMID: 37975931 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-023-05545-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous clonal disease characterized overall by an aggressive clinical course. The underlying genetic abnormalities present in leukemic cells contribute significantly to the AML phenotype. Mutations in FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) are one of the most common genetic abnormalities identified in AML, and the presence of these mutations strongly influences disease presentation and negatively impacts prognosis. Since mutations in FLT3 were identified in AML, they have been recognized as a valid therapeutic target resulting in decades of research to develop effective small molecule inhibitor treatment that could improve outcome for these patients. Despite the approval of several FLT3 inhibitors over the last couple of years, the treatment of patients with FLT3-mutated AML remains challenging and many questions still need to be addressed. This review will provide an up-to-date overview of our current understanding of FLT3-mutated AML and discuss what the current status is of the available FLT3 inhibitors for the day-to-day management of this aggressive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coen J Lap
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Marwa Sh Abrahim
- The George Washington Cancer Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Samah Nassereddine
- The George Washington Cancer Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
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6
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Zhu R, Shirley CM, Chu SH, Li L, Nguyen BH, Seo J, Wu M, Seale T, Duffield AS, Staudt LM, Levis M, Hu Y, Small D. Inhibition of NOTCH4 sensitizes FLT3/ITD acute myeloid leukemia cells to FLT3 tyrosine kinase inhibition. Leukemia 2024; 38:1581-1591. [PMID: 38811818 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-024-02292-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Internal tandem duplication mutations of FLT3 (FLT3/ITD) confer poor prognosis in AML. FLT3 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) alone have limited and transient clinical efficacy thus calling for new targets for more effective combination therapy. In a loss-of-function RNAi screen, we identified NOTCH4 as one such potential target whose inhibition proved cytotoxic to AML cells, and also sensitized them to FLT3 inhibition. Further investigation found increased NOTCH4 expression in FLT3/ITD AML cell lines and primary patient samples. Inhibition of NOTCH4 by shRNA knockdown, CRISPR-Cas9-based knockout or γ-secretase inhibitors synergized with FLT3 TKIs to kill FLT3/ITD AML cells in vitro. NOTCH4 inhibition sensitized TKI-resistant FLT3/ITD cells to FLT3 TKI inhibition. The combination reduced phospho-ERK and phospho-AKT, indicating inhibition of MAPK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. It also led to changes in expression of genes involved in regulating cell cycling, DNA repair and transcription. A patient-derived xenograft model showed that the combination reduced both the level of leukemic involvement of primary human FLT3/ITD AML cells and their ability to engraft secondary recipients. In summary, these results demonstrate that NOTCH4 inhibition synergizes with FLT3 TKIs to eliminate FLT3/ITD AML cells, providing a new therapeutic target for AML with FLT3/ITD mutations.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3/genetics
- fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3/antagonists & inhibitors
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Animals
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Mice
- Receptor, Notch4/genetics
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- Mutation
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Courtney M Shirley
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - S Haihua Chu
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Beam Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Li Li
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bao H Nguyen
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jaesung Seo
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tessa Seale
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amy S Duffield
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Louis M Staudt
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mark Levis
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yu Hu
- Department of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Donald Small
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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7
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Ruglioni M, Crucitta S, Luculli GI, Tancredi G, Del Giudice ML, Mechelli S, Galimberti S, Danesi R, Del Re M. Understanding mechanisms of resistance to FLT3 inhibitors in adult FLT3-mutated acute myeloid leukemia to guide treatment strategy. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 201:104424. [PMID: 38917943 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The presence of FLT3 mutations, including the most common FLT3-ITD (internal tandem duplications) and FLT3-TKD (tyrosine kinase domain), is associated with an unfavorable prognosis in patients affected by acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In this setting, in recent years, new FLT3 inhibitors have demonstrated efficacy in improving survival and treatment response. Nevertheless, the development of primary and secondary mechanisms of resistance poses a significant obstacle to their efficacy. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing novel therapeutic approaches to overcome resistance and improve the outcomes of patients. In this context, the use of novel FLT3 inhibitors and the combination of different targeted therapies have been studied. This review provides an update on the molecular alterations involved in the resistance to FLT3 inhibitors, and describes how the molecular monitoring may be used to guide treatment strategy in FLT3-mutated AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Ruglioni
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefania Crucitta
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanna Irene Luculli
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Gaspare Tancredi
- Unit of Hematology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Livia Del Giudice
- Unit of Hematology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Sandra Mechelli
- Unit of Internal Medicine 2, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sara Galimberti
- Unit of Hematology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Romano Danesi
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Italy.
| | - Marzia Del Re
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
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8
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Yu G, Zhang W, Basyal M, Nishida Y, Mizumo H, Ly C, Zhang H, Rice WG, Andreeff M. The multi-kinase inhibitor CG-806 exerts anti-cancer activity against acute myeloid leukemia by co-targeting FLT3, BTK, and aurora kinases. Leuk Lymphoma 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38871487 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2024.2364839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Despite the development of several Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) inhibitors that have improved outcomes in patients with FLT3-mutant acute myeloid leukemia (AML), drug resistance is frequently observed, which may be associated with the activation of additional pro-survival pathways, such as those regulated by BTK, aurora kinases (AuroK), and potentially others, in addition to acquired tyrosine kinase domain (TKD) mutations of FLT3 gene. FLT3 may not always be a driver mutation. We evaluated the anti-leukemia efficacy of the novel multi-kinase inhibitor CG-806, which targets FLT3 and other kinases, to circumvent drug resistance and target FLT3 wild-type (WT) cells. The anti-leukemia activity of CG-806 was investigated by measuring apoptosis induction and analyzing the cell cycle using flow cytometry in vitro. CG-806 demonstrated superior anti-leukemia efficacy compared to commercially available FLT3 inhibitors, both in vitro and in vivo, regardless of FLT3 mutational status. The mechanism of action of CG-806 may involve its broad inhibitory profile against FLT3, BTK, and AuroK. In FLT3 mutant cells, CG-806 induced G1 phase blockage, whereas in FLT3 WT cells, it resulted in G2/M phase arrest. Targeting FLT3 and Bcl-2 and/or Mcl-1 simultaneously results in a synergistic pro-apoptotic effect in FLT3 mutant leukemia cells. The results of this study suggest that CG-806 is a promising multi-kinase inhibitor with anti-leukemic efficacy regardless of FLT3 mutational status. A phase 1 clinical trial of CG-806 for the treatment of AML has been initiated (NCT04477291).Key pointsThe multi-kinase inhibitor CG-806 exerts superior anti-leukemic activity in AML, regardless of its FLT3 status.CG-806 triggered G1 arrest in FLT3 mutated cells and G2/M arrest in FLT3 WT cells through the suppression of FLT3/BTK and aurora kinases.Concomitantly targeting FLT3 and Bcl-2 and/or Mcl-1 exerted synergistic pro-apoptotic effects on both FLT3 WT and mutated AML cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guopan Yu
- Department of Leukemia, Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiguo Zhang
- Department of Leukemia, Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mahesh Basyal
- Department of Leukemia, Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yuki Nishida
- Department of Leukemia, Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hideaki Mizumo
- Department of Leukemia, Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Charlie Ly
- Department of Leukemia, Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Michael Andreeff
- Department of Leukemia, Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Tecik M, Adan A. Emerging DNA Methylome Targets in FLT3-ITD-Positive Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Combination Therapy with Clinically Approved FLT3 Inhibitors. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2024; 25:719-751. [PMID: 38696033 PMCID: PMC11222205 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-024-01202-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT The internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutation of the FMS-like receptor tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3-ITD) is the most common mutation observed in approximately 30% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. It represents poor prognosis due to continuous activation of downstream growth-promoting signaling pathways such as STAT5 and PI3K/AKT. Hence, FLT3 is considered an attractive druggable target; selective small FLT3 inhibitors (FLT3Is), such as midostaurin and quizartinib, have been clinically approved. However, patients possess generally poor remission rates and acquired resistance when FLT3I used alone. Various factors in patients could cause these adverse effects including altered epigenetic regulation, causing mainly abnormal gene expression patterns. Epigenetic modifications are required for hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) self-renewal and differentiation; however, critical driver mutations have been identified in genes controlling DNA methylation (such as DNMT3A, TET2, IDH1/2). These regulators cause leukemia pathogenesis and affect disease diagnosis and prognosis when they co-occur with FLT3-ITD mutation. Therefore, understanding the role of different epigenetic alterations in FLT3-ITD AML pathogenesis and how they modulate FLT3I's activity is important to rationalize combinational treatment approaches including FLT3Is and modulators of methylation regulators or pathways. Data from ongoing pre-clinical and clinical studies will further precisely define the potential use of epigenetic therapy together with FLT3Is especially after characterized patients' mutational status in terms of FLT3 and DNA methlome regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melisa Tecik
- Bioengineering Program, Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Abdullah Gul University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Aysun Adan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences, Abdullah Gul University, Kayseri, Turkey.
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10
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Della Porta MG, Martinelli G, Rambaldi A, Santoro A, Voso MT. A practical algorithm for acute myeloid leukaemia diagnosis following the updated 2022 classifications. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 198:104358. [PMID: 38615870 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Disease classification of complex and heterogenous diseases, such as acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), is continuously updated to define diagnoses, appropriate treatments, and assist research and education. Recent availability of molecular profiling techniques further benefits the classification of AML. The World Health Organization (WHO) classification of haematolymphoid tumours and the International Consensus Classification of myeloid neoplasms and acute leukaemia from 2022 are two updated versions of the WHO 2016 classification. As a consequence, the European LeukemiaNet 2022 recommendations on the diagnosis and management of AML in adults have been also updated. The current review provides a practical interpretation of these guidelines to facilitate the diagnosis of AML and discusses genetic testing, disease genetic heterogeneity, and FLT3 mutations. We propose a practical algorithm for the speedy diagnosis of AML. Future classifications may need to incorporate gene mutation combinations to enable personalised treatment regimens in the management of patients with AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Giovanni Della Porta
- Cancer Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Martinelli
- IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori "Dino Armadori", Meldola, Italy; University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rambaldi
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy and Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Santoro
- UOSD Laboratory of Oncohematology, Cellular Manipulation and Cytogenetics, Department of Genetic, Oncohematology a Rare Disease, AOR "Villa Sofia-Cervello", Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Voso
- UOSD Diagnostica Avanzata Oncoematologia, Policlinico Tor Vergata, and Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
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11
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Darwish DG, El-Sherief HAM, Abdel-Aziz SA, Abuo-Rahma GEDA. A decade's overview of 2-aminothiophenes and their fused analogs as promising anticancer agents. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2300758. [PMID: 38442316 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Over the past decades, cancer has been a challenging domain for medicinal chemists as it is an international health concern. In association, small molecules such as 2-aminothiophenes and their derivatives showed significant antitumor activity through variable modes of action. Therefore, this article aims to review the advances regarding these core scaffolds over the past 10 years, where 2-aminothiophenes and their fused analogs are classified and discussed according to their biological activity and mode of action, in the interest of boosting new design pathways for medicinal chemists to develop targeted antitumor candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donia G Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, New Minia, Minia, Egypt
| | - Hany A M El-Sherief
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, New Minia, Minia, Egypt
| | - Salah A Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, New Minia, Minia, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Gamal El-Din A Abuo-Rahma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, New Minia, Minia, Egypt
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
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12
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Wu J, Hong C, Qiu T, Hu W, Chen J, Fang T. β-elemene alleviates esophageal fibrosis after endoscopic submucosal dissection via the FAP-mediated PTEN-PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31537. [PMID: 38807882 PMCID: PMC11130724 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Esophageal stricture caused by fibrosis is a serious complication after esophageal Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). Myofibroblasts play a crucial role in esophageal fibrosis, so inhibiting activated myofibroblasts is a promising approach for treating esophageal fibrosis. β-Elemene, a natural product with anti-tumor and anti-fibrotic properties, has not been thoroughly examined in esophageal fibrosis. Additionally, fibroblast activation protein (FAP) and PTEN-PI3K/AKT signaling pathway are both notably linked to fibrotic diseases. Therefore, we investigated the potential mechanisms of β-elemene in esophageal fibrosis by treating primary human esophageal granulation fibroblasts (PHEGFs) with gradient concentrations of β-elemene. Our findings demonstrated that β-elemene inhibited the activity of PHEGFs in a dose-dependent manner, accompanied by downregulation of FAP, p-PI3K, and p-AKT protein expression, along with upregulation of p-PTEN protein expression. In addition, we substantiated the potential correlation between FAP and the PTEN-PI3K/AKT signaling pathway by establishing models of FAP overexpression and silencing. These results provide a new perspective on the potential mechanism of β-elemene in relieving esophageal fibrosis and offer novel therapeutic strategies for managing post-esophageal ESD stricture in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ting Qiu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 34 Zhongshan North Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Weitao Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 34 Zhongshan North Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jiangmu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 34 Zhongshan North Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Taiyong Fang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 34 Zhongshan North Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian Province, China
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13
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Damiani D, Tiribelli M. CAR-T Cells in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Where Do We Stand? Biomedicines 2024; 12:1194. [PMID: 38927401 PMCID: PMC11200794 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances, the prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains unsatisfactory due to disease recurrence and the development of resistance to both conventional and novel therapies. Engineered T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) on their cellular surface represent one of the most promising anticancer agents. CAR-T cells are increasingly used in patients with B cell malignancies, with remarkable clinical results despite some immune-related toxicities. However, at present, the role of CAR-T cells in myeloid neoplasms, including AML, is extremely limited, as specific molecular targets for immune cells are generally lacking on AML blasts. Besides the paucity of dispensable targets, as myeloid antigens are often co-expressed on normal hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells with potentially intolerable myeloablation, the AML microenvironment is hostile to T cell proliferation due to inhibitory soluble factors. In addition, the rapidly progressive nature of the disease further complicates the use of CAR-T in AML. This review discusses the current state of CAR-T cell therapy in AML, including the still scanty clinical evidence and the potential approaches to overcome its limitations, including genetic modifications and combinatorial strategies, to make CAR-T cell therapy an effective option for AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Damiani
- Division of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital, 33100 Udine, Italy;
- Department of Medicine (DMED), University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Mario Tiribelli
- Division of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital, 33100 Udine, Italy;
- Department of Medicine (DMED), University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
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14
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Macečková D, Vaňková L, Holubová M, Jindra P, Klieber R, Jandová E, Pitule P. Current knowledge about FLT3 gene mutations, exploring the isoforms, and protein importance in AML. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:521. [PMID: 38625438 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09452-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a complex haematological malignancy characterised by diverse genetic alterations leading to abnormal proliferation of myeloid precursor cells. One of the most significant genetic alterations in AML involves mutations in the FLT3 gene, which plays a critical role in haematopoiesis and haematopoietic homeostasis. This review explores the current understanding of FLT3 gene mutations and isoforms and the importance of the FLT3 protein in AML. FLT3 mutations, including internal tandem duplications (FLT3-ITD) and point mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain (FLT3-TKD), occur in 25-30% in AML and are associated with poor prognosis. FLT3-ITD mutations lead to constitutive activation of the FLT3 signalling pathway, promoting cell survival and proliferation. FLT3-TKD mutations affect the tyrosine kinase domain and affect AML prognosis in various ways. Furthermore, FLT3 isoforms, including shorter variants, contribute to the complexity of FLT3 biology. Additionally, nonpathological polymorphisms in FLT3 are being explored for their potential impact on AML prognosis and treatment response. This review also discusses the development of molecular treatments targeting FLT3, including first-generation and next-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors, highlighting the challenges of resistance that often arise during therapy. The final chapter describes FLT3 protein domain rearrangements and their relevance to AML pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Macečková
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology and Immunotherapy Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 76, Pilsen, 32300, Czechia.
| | - Lenka Vaňková
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czechia
| | - Monika Holubová
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology and Immunotherapy Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 76, Pilsen, 32300, Czechia
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czechia
| | - Pavel Jindra
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czechia
| | - Robin Klieber
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology and Immunotherapy Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 76, Pilsen, 32300, Czechia
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czechia
| | - Eliška Jandová
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology and Immunotherapy Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 76, Pilsen, 32300, Czechia
| | - Pavel Pitule
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology and Immunotherapy Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 76, Pilsen, 32300, Czechia
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czechia
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15
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Di Pasqua LG, Abdallah MM, Feletti F, Vairetti M, Ferrigno A. Venetoclax-Related Neutropenia in Leukemic Patients: A Comprehensive Review of the Underlying Causes, Risk Factors, and Management. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:484. [PMID: 38675444 PMCID: PMC11054081 DOI: 10.3390/ph17040484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Venetoclax is a Bcl-2 homology domain 3 (BH3) mimetic currently approved for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) that has proven to be highly effective in reinstating apoptosis in leukemic cells through the highly selective inhibition of the anti-apoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2). Clinically, venetoclax has provided lasting remissions through the inhibition of CLL and AML blasts. However, this activity has often come at the cost of grade III/IV neutropenia due to hematopoietic cells' dependence on Bcl-2 for survival. As life-threatening infections are an important complication in these patients, an effective management of neutropenia is indispensable to maximize patient outcomes. While there is general consensus over dose reduction and scheduling modifications to minimize the risk of neutropenia, the impact of these modifications on survival is uncertain. Moreover, guidelines do not yet adequately account for patient-specific and disease-specific risk factors that may predict toxicity, or the role combination treatment plays in exacerbating neutropenia. The objective of this review is to discuss the venetoclax-induced mechanism of hematological toxicity, the potential predictive risk factors that affect patient vulnerability to neutropenia, and the current consensus on practices for management of neutropenia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Andrea Ferrigno
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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16
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Monogiou Belik D, Bernasconi R, Xu L, Della Verde G, Lorenz V, Grüterich V, Balzarolo M, Mochizuki M, Pfister O, Kuster GM. The Flt3-inhibitor quizartinib augments apoptosis and promotes maladaptive remodeling after myocardial infarction in mice. Apoptosis 2024; 29:357-371. [PMID: 37945814 PMCID: PMC10873224 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-023-01911-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (Flt3) such as quizartinib were specifically designed for acute myeloid leukemia treatment, but also multi-targeting TKIs applied to solid tumor patients inhibit Flt3. Flt3 is expressed in the heart and its activation is cytoprotective in myocardial infarction (MI) in mice. OBJECTIVES We sought to test whether Flt3-targeting TKI treatment aggravates cardiac injury after MI. METHODS AND RESULTS Compared to vehicle, quizartinib (10 mg/kg/day, gavage) did not alter cardiac dimensions or function in healthy mice after four weeks of therapy. Pretreated mice were randomly assigned to MI or sham surgery while receiving quizartinib or vehicle for one more week. Quizartinib did not aggravate the decline in ejection fraction, but significantly enhanced ventricular dilatation one week after infarction. In addition, apoptotic cell death was significantly increased in the myocardium of quizartinib-treated compared to vehicle-treated mice. In vitro, quizartinib dose-dependently decreased cell viability in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes and in H9c2 cells, and increased apoptosis as assessed in the latter. Together with H2O2, quizartinib potentiated the phosphorylation of the pro-apoptotic mitogen activated protein kinase p38 and augmented H2O2-induced cell death and apoptosis beyond additive degree. Pretreatment with a p38 inhibitor abolished apoptosis under quizartinib and H2O2. CONCLUSION Quizartinib potentiates apoptosis and promotes maladaptive remodeling after MI in mice at least in part via a p38-dependent mechanism. These findings are consistent with the multi-hit hypothesis of cardiotoxicity and make cardiac monitoring in patients with ischemic heart disease under Flt3- or multi-targeting TKIs advisable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Monogiou Belik
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, Basel, 4031, Switzerland
| | - Riccardo Bernasconi
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, Basel, 4031, Switzerland
| | - Lifen Xu
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, Basel, 4031, Switzerland
| | - Giacomo Della Verde
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, Basel, 4031, Switzerland
| | - Vera Lorenz
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, Basel, 4031, Switzerland
| | - Vivienne Grüterich
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, Basel, 4031, Switzerland
| | - Melania Balzarolo
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, Basel, 4031, Switzerland
| | - Michika Mochizuki
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, Basel, 4031, Switzerland
| | - Otmar Pfister
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, Basel, 4031, Switzerland
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gabriela M Kuster
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, Basel, 4031, Switzerland.
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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Murdock HM, Ho VT, Garcia JS. Innovations in conditioning and post-transplant maintenance in AML: genomically informed revelations on the graft-versus-leukemia effect. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1359113. [PMID: 38571944 PMCID: PMC10987864 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1359113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is the prototype of cancer genomics as it was the first published cancer genome. Large-scale next generation/massively parallel sequencing efforts have identified recurrent alterations that inform prognosis and have guided the development of targeted therapies. Despite changes in the frontline and relapsed standard of care stemming from the success of small molecules targeting FLT3, IDH1/2, and apoptotic pathways, allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) and the resulting graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect remains the only curative path for most patients. Advances in conditioning regimens, graft-vs-host disease prophylaxis, anti-infective agents, and supportive care have made this modality feasible, reducing transplant related mortality even among patients with advanced age or medical comorbidities. As such, relapse has emerged now as the most common cause of transplant failure. Relapse may occur after alloHSCT because residual disease clones persist after transplant, and develop immune escape from GVL, or such clones may proliferate rapidly early after alloHSCT, and outpace donor immune reconstitution, leading to relapse before any GVL effect could set in. To address this issue, genomically informed therapies are increasingly being incorporated into pre-transplant conditioning, or as post-transplant maintenance or pre-emptive therapy in the setting of mixed/falling donor chimerism or persistent detectable measurable residual disease (MRD). There is an urgent need to better understand how these emerging therapies modulate the two sides of the GVHD vs. GVL coin: 1) how molecularly or immunologically targeted therapies affect engraftment, GVHD potential, and function of the donor graft and 2) how these therapies affect the immunogenicity and sensitivity of leukemic clones to the GVL effect. By maximizing the synergistic action of molecularly targeted agents, immunomodulating agents, conventional chemotherapy, and the GVL effect, there is hope for improving outcomes for patients with this often-devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Moses Murdock
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Vincent T. Ho
- Bone Marrow Transplant Program, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jacqueline S. Garcia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
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Flynn PA, Long MD, Kosaka Y, Long N, Mulkey JS, Coy JL, Agarwal A, Lind EF. Leukemic mutation FLT3-ITD is retained in dendritic cells and disrupts their homeostasis leading to expanded Th17 frequency. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1297338. [PMID: 38495876 PMCID: PMC10943691 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1297338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) are mediators between innate and adaptive immune responses to pathogens and tumors. DC development is determined by signaling through the receptor tyrosine kinase Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) in bone marrow myeloid progenitors. Recently the naming conventions for DC phenotypes have been updated to distinguish between "Conventional" DCs (cDCs) and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs). Activating mutations of FLT3, including Internal Tandem Duplication (FLT3-ITD), are associated with poor prognosis for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. Having a shared myeloid lineage it can be difficult to distinguish bone fide DCs from AML tumor cells. To date, there is little information on the effects of FLT3-ITD in DC biology. To further elucidate this relationship we utilized CITE-seq technology in combination with flow cytometry and multiplex immunoassays to measure changes to DCs in human and mouse tissues. We examined the cDC phenotype and frequency in bone marrow aspirates from patients with AML to understand the changes to cDCs associated with FLT3-ITD. When compared to healthy donor (HD) we found that a subset of FLT3-ITD+ AML patient samples have overrepresented populations of cDCs and disrupted phenotypes. Using a mouse model of FLT3-ITD+ AML, we found that cDCs were increased in percentage and number compared to control wild-type (WT) mice. Single cell RNA-seq identified FLT3-ITD+ cDCs as skewed towards a cDC2 T-bet- phenotype, previously shown to promote Th17 T cells. We assessed the phenotypes of CD4+ T cells in the AML mice and found significant enrichment of both Treg and Th17 CD4+ T cells in the bone marrow and spleen compartments. Ex vivo stimulation of CD4+ T cells also showed increased Th17 phenotype in AML mice. Moreover, co-culture of AML mouse-derived DCs and naïve OT-II cells preferentially skewed T cells into a Th17 phenotype. Together, our data suggests that FLT3-ITD+ leukemia-associated cDCs polarize CD4+ T cells into Th17 subsets, a population that has been shown to be negatively associated with survival in solid tumor contexts. This illustrates the complex tumor microenvironment of AML and highlights the need for further investigation into the effects of FLT3-ITD mutations on DC phenotypes and their downstream effects on Th polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A. Flynn
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Mark D. Long
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Yoko Kosaka
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Nicola Long
- Department of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Jessica S. Mulkey
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Jesse L. Coy
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Anupriya Agarwal
- Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Division of Oncological Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Evan F. Lind
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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19
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Díaz-Campos MÁ, Vasquez-Arriaga J, Ochoa S, Hernández-Lemus E. Functional impact of multi-omic interactions in lung cancer. Front Genet 2024; 15:1282241. [PMID: 38389572 PMCID: PMC10881857 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1282241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung tumors are a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Lung cancers are highly heterogeneous on their phenotypes, both at the cellular and molecular levels. Efforts to better understand the biological origins and outcomes of lung cancer in terms of this enormous variability often require of high-throughput experimental techniques paired with advanced data analytics. Anticipated advancements in multi-omic methodologies hold potential to reveal a broader molecular perspective of these tumors. This study introduces a theoretical and computational framework for generating network models depicting regulatory constraints on biological functions in a semi-automated way. The approach successfully identifies enriched functions in analyzed omics data, focusing on Adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and Squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC, a type of NSCLC) in the lung. Valuable information about novel regulatory characteristics, supported by robust biological reasoning, is illustrated, for instance by considering the role of genes, miRNAs and CpG sites associated with NSCLC, both novel and previously reported. Utilizing multi-omic regulatory networks, we constructed robust models elucidating omics data interconnectedness, enabling systematic generation of mechanistic hypotheses. These findings offer insights into complex regulatory mechanisms underlying these cancer types, paving the way for further exploring their molecular complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jorge Vasquez-Arriaga
- Computational Genomics Division, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Soledad Ochoa
- Computational Genomics Division, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Mexico City, Mexico
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Enrique Hernández-Lemus
- Computational Genomics Division, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Mexico City, Mexico
- Center for Complexity Sciences, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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20
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Gholami N, Khalaji A, Mehri M, Mehrtabar S, Habibzade E. Acute myeloid leukemia with unreported translocation (x; 3) (q24; p13): A case report. Clin Case Rep 2024; 12:e8543. [PMID: 38385056 PMCID: PMC10879643 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.8543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Key Clinical Message Novel and rare chromosomal aberrations in AML are important to understand, particularly if associated with tumorigenesis and how they contribute to prognostic risk. It is important that acute leukemia be treated right away. Herein, novel (x; 3) (q24; p13) is described. Abstract Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a cancer of the blood and bone marrow. It is the most common type of acute leukemia in adults. This type of cancer usually gets worse quickly if it is not treated. Here, we report an unusual case of AML with an unreported translocation associated with AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Gholami
- Hematology and Oncology Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Amirreza Khalaji
- Connective Tissue Diseases Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Immunology Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Maghsood Mehri
- Hematology and Oncology Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Department of Medical GeneticsTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Saba Mehrtabar
- Immunology Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Student Research CommitteeTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Elham Habibzade
- Faculty of MedicineTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
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21
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Rodríguez-Medina C, Stuckey R, Bilbao-Sieyro C, Gómez-Casares MT. Biomarkers of Response to Venetoclax Therapy in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1421. [PMID: 38338698 PMCID: PMC10855565 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent progress in the use of massive sequencing technologies has greatly enhanced our understanding of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) pathology. This knowledge has in turn driven the development of targeted therapies, such as venetoclax, a BCL-2 inhibitor approved for use in combination with azacitidine, decitabine, or low-dose cytarabine for the treatment of newly diagnosed adult patients with AML who are not eligible for intensive chemotherapy. However, a significant number of AML patients still face the challenge of disease relapse. In this review, we will explore biomarkers that may predict disease progression in patients receiving venetoclax-based therapy, considering both clinical factors and genetic changes. Despite the many advances, we conclude that the identification of molecular profiles for AML patients who will respond optimally to venetoclax therapy remains an unmet clinical need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Rodríguez-Medina
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, 35019 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (C.R.-M.); (R.S.); (C.B.-S.)
| | - Ruth Stuckey
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, 35019 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (C.R.-M.); (R.S.); (C.B.-S.)
| | - Cristina Bilbao-Sieyro
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, 35019 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (C.R.-M.); (R.S.); (C.B.-S.)
- Morphology Department, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - María Teresa Gómez-Casares
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, 35019 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (C.R.-M.); (R.S.); (C.B.-S.)
- Department of Medical Sciences, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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22
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Wang C, Chen L, Fu D, Liu W, Puri A, Kellis M, Yang J. Antigen presenting cells in cancer immunity and mediation of immune checkpoint blockade. Clin Exp Metastasis 2024:10.1007/s10585-023-10257-z. [PMID: 38261139 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-023-10257-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) are pivotal mediators of immune responses. Their role has increasingly been spotlighted in the realm of cancer immunology, particularly as our understanding of immunotherapy continues to evolve and improve. There is growing evidence that these cells play a non-trivial role in cancer immunity and have roles dependent on surface markers, growth factors, transcription factors, and their surrounding environment. The main dendritic cell (DC) subsets found in cancer are conventional DCs (cDC1 and cDC2), monocyte-derived DCs (moDC), plasmacytoid DCs (pDC), and mature and regulatory DCs (mregDC). The notable subsets of monocytes and macrophages include classical and non-classical monocytes, macrophages, which demonstrate a continuum from a pro-inflammatory (M1) phenotype to an anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotype, and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Despite their classification in the same cell type, each subset may take on an immune-activating or immunosuppressive phenotype, shaped by factors in the tumor microenvironment (TME). In this review, we introduce the role of DCs, monocytes, and macrophages and recent studies investigating them in the cancer immunity context. Additionally, we review how certain characteristics such as abundance, surface markers, and indirect or direct signaling pathways of DCs and macrophages may influence tumor response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. We also highlight existing knowledge gaps regarding the precise contributions of different myeloid cell subsets in influencing the response to ICB therapy. These findings provide a summary of our current understanding of myeloid cells in mediating cancer immunity and ICB and offer insight into alternative or combination therapies that may enhance the success of ICB in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassia Wang
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lee Chen
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Doris Fu
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Wendi Liu
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Anusha Puri
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Manolis Kellis
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jiekun Yang
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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23
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Liu W, Bai Y, Zhou L, Jin J, Zhang M, Wang Y, Lin R, Huang W, Ren X, Ma N, Zhou F, Wang Z, Ding K. Discovery of LWY713 as a potent and selective FLT3 PROTAC degrader with in vivo activity against acute myeloid leukemia. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 264:115974. [PMID: 38007910 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) has been validated as a therapeutic target for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). While a number of FLT3 kinase inhibitors have been approved for AML treatment, the clinical data revealed that they cannot achieve complete and sustained suppression of FLT3 signaling at the tolerated dose. Here we report a series of new, potent and selective FLT3 proteolysis targeting chimera degraders. The optimal compound LWY713 potently induced the degradation of FLT3 with a DC50 value of 0.64 nM and a Dmax value of 94.8% in AML MV4-11 cells with FLT3-internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutation. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that LWY713 selectively induced FLT3 degradation in a cereblon- and proteasome-dependent manner. LWY713 potently inhibited FLT3 signaling, suppressed cell proliferation, and induced cell G0/G1-phase arrest and apoptosis in MV4-11 cells. Importantly, LWY713 displayed potent in vivo antitumor activity in MV4-11 xenograft models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, #345 Lingling Rd., Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yu Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, #345 Lingling Rd., Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Licheng Zhou
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Discovery of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Precision Chemical Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 855 Xingye Avenue East, Guangzhou, 511400, China
| | - Jian Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, #345 Lingling Rd., Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Meiying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, #345 Lingling Rd., Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yongxing Wang
- Livzon Research Institute, Livzon Pharmaceutical Group Inc., #38 Chuangye North Road, Jinwan District, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Runfeng Lin
- Livzon Research Institute, Livzon Pharmaceutical Group Inc., #38 Chuangye North Road, Jinwan District, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Weixue Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, #345 Lingling Rd., Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiaomei Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, #345 Lingling Rd., Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Nan Ma
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Discovery of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Precision Chemical Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 855 Xingye Avenue East, Guangzhou, 511400, China
| | - Fengtao Zhou
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Discovery of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Precision Chemical Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 855 Xingye Avenue East, Guangzhou, 511400, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, #345 Lingling Rd., Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ke Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, #345 Lingling Rd., Shanghai, 200032, China; International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Discovery of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Precision Chemical Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 855 Xingye Avenue East, Guangzhou, 511400, China; Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, China.
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24
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Islam MR, Osman OI, Hassan WMI. Identifying novel therapeutic inhibitors to target FMS-like tyrosine kinase-3 (FLT3) against acute myeloid leukemia: a molecular docking, molecular dynamics, and DFT study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:82-100. [PMID: 36995071 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2192798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Around 30% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients have triggering mutations in Feline McDonough Sarcoma (FMS)-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3), which has been suggested as a possible therapeutic candidate for AML therapy. Many tyrosine kinase inhibitors are available and have a wide variety of applications in the treatment of cancer by inhibiting subsequent steps of cell proliferation. Therefore, our study aims to identify effective antileukemic agents against FLT3 gene. Initially, well-known antileukemic drug candidates have been chosen to generate a structure-based pharmacophore model to assist the virtual screening of 217,77,093 compounds from the Zinc database. The final hits compounds were retrieved and evaluated by docking against the target protein, where the top four compounds have been selected for the analysis of ADMET. Based on the density functional theory (DFT), the geometry optimization, frontier molecular orbital (FMO), HOMO-LUMO, and global reactivity descriptor values have been evaluated that confirming a satisfactory profile and reactivity order for the selected candidates. In comparison to control compounds, the docking results revealed that the four compounds had substantial binding energies (-11.1 to -11.5 kcal/mol) with FLT3. The physicochemical and ADMET (adsorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, toxicity) prediction results corresponded to the bioactive and safe candidates. Molecular dynamics (MD) confirmed the better binding affinity and stability compared to gilteritinib as a potential FLT3 inhibitor. In this study, a computational approach has been performed that found a better docking and dynamics score against target proteins, indicating potent and safe antileukemic agents, furthermore in-vivo and in-vitro investigations are recommended.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rashedul Islam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Advanced Biological Invention Centre (Bioinventics), Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Osman I Osman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Walid M I Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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25
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Tyagi A, Jaggupilli A, Ly S, Yuan B, El-Dana F, Hegde VL, Anand V, Kumar B, Puppala M, Yin Z, Wong STC, Mollard A, Vankayalapati H, Foulks JM, Warner SL, Daver N, Borthakur G, Battula VL. TP-0184 inhibits FLT3/ACVR1 to overcome FLT3 inhibitor resistance and hinder AML growth synergistically with venetoclax. Leukemia 2024; 38:82-95. [PMID: 38007585 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-023-02086-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
We identified activin A receptor type I (ACVR1), a member of the TGF-β superfamily, as a factor favoring acute myeloid leukemia (AML) growth and a new potential therapeutic target. ACVR1 is overexpressed in FLT3-mutated AML and inhibition of ACVR1 expression sensitized AML cells to FLT3 inhibitors. We developed a novel ACVR1 inhibitor, TP-0184, which selectively caused growth arrest in FLT3-mutated AML cell lines. Molecular docking and in vitro kinase assays revealed that TP-0184 binds to both ACVR1 and FLT3 with high affinity and inhibits FLT3/ACVR1 downstream signaling. Treatment with TP-0184 or in combination with BCL2 inhibitor, venetoclax dramatically inhibited leukemia growth in FLT3-mutated AML cell lines and patient-derived xenograft models in a dose-dependent manner. These findings suggest that ACVR1 is a novel biomarker and plays a role in AML resistance to FLT3 inhibitors and that FLT3/ACVR1 dual inhibitor TP-0184 is a novel potential therapeutic tool for AML with FLT3 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anudishi Tyagi
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Appalaraju Jaggupilli
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stanley Ly
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bin Yuan
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fouad El-Dana
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Venkatesh L Hegde
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vivek Anand
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bijender Kumar
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mamta Puppala
- Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Neal Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zheng Yin
- Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Neal Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stephen T C Wong
- Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Neal Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alexis Mollard
- University of Utah, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | | | | | - Naval Daver
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gautam Borthakur
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - V Lokesh Battula
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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26
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Canichella M, Molica M, Mazzone C, de Fabritiis P. Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: State of the Art and Recent Advances. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:42. [PMID: 38201469 PMCID: PMC10777995 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptors (CAR)-T-cell therapy represents the most important innovation in onco-hematology in recent years. The progress achieved in the management of complications and the latest generations of CAR-T-cells have made it possible to anticipate in second-line the indication of this type of treatment in large B-cell lymphoma. While some types of B-cell lymphomas and B-cell acute lymphoid leukemia have shown extremely promising results, the same cannot be said for myeloid leukemias-in particular, acute myeloid leukemia (AML), which would require innovative therapies more than any other blood disease. The heterogeneities of AML cells and the immunological complexity of the interactions between the bone marrow microenvironment and leukemia cells have been found to be major obstacles to the clinical development of CAR-T in AML. In this review, we report on the main results obtained in AML clinical trials, the preclinical studies testing potential CAR-T constructs, and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Canichella
- Hematology, St. Eugenio Hospital, ASL Roma2, 00144 Rome, Italy; (C.M.); (P.d.F.)
| | - Matteo Molica
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Pugliese-Ciaccio, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Carla Mazzone
- Hematology, St. Eugenio Hospital, ASL Roma2, 00144 Rome, Italy; (C.M.); (P.d.F.)
| | - Paolo de Fabritiis
- Hematology, St. Eugenio Hospital, ASL Roma2, 00144 Rome, Italy; (C.M.); (P.d.F.)
- Department of Biomedicina e Prevenzione, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy
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27
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Kennedy VE, Smith CC. FLT3 targeting in the modern era: from clonal selection to combination therapies. Int J Hematol 2023:10.1007/s12185-023-03681-0. [PMID: 38112995 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-023-03681-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) is the most frequently mutated gene in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Modern targeting of FLT3 with inhibitors has improved clinical outcomes and FLT3 inhibitors have been incorporated into the treatment of AML in all phases of the disease, including the upfront, relapsed/refractory and maintenance settings. This review will discuss the current understanding of FLT3 biology, the clinical use of FLT3 inhibitors, resistance mechanisms and emerging combination treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa E Kennedy
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave, Box 1270, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Catherine C Smith
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave, Box 1270, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
- Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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28
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Kazi JU, Al Ashiri L, Purohit R, Rönnstrand L. Understanding the Role of Activation Loop Mutants in Drug Efficacy for FLT3-ITD. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5426. [PMID: 38001685 PMCID: PMC10670458 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15225426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The type III receptor tyrosine kinase FLT3 is a pivotal kinase for hematopoietic progenitor cell regulation, with significant implications in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) through mutations like internal tandem duplication (ITD). This study delves into the structural intricacies of FLT3, the roles of activation loop mutants, and their interaction with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Coupled with this, the research leverages molecular contrastive learning and protein language modeling to examine interactions between small molecule inhibitors and FLT3 activation loop mutants. Utilizing the ConPLex platform, over 5.7 million unique FLT3 activation loop mutants-small molecule pairs were analyzed. The binding free energies of three inhibitors were assessed, and cellular apoptotic responses were evaluated under drug treatments. Notably, the introduction of the Xepto50 scoring system provides a nuanced metric for drug efficacy. The findings underscore the modulation of molecular interactions and cellular responses by Y842 mutations in FLT3-KD, highlighting the need for tailored therapeutic approaches in FLT3-ITD-related malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julhash U. Kazi
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 22381 Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
- Lund University Cancer Centre (LUCC), Lund University, 22381 Lund, Sweden
| | - Lina Al Ashiri
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 22381 Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
- Lund University Cancer Centre (LUCC), Lund University, 22381 Lund, Sweden
| | - Rituraj Purohit
- CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, India;
| | - Lars Rönnstrand
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 22381 Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
- Lund University Cancer Centre (LUCC), Lund University, 22381 Lund, Sweden
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Radiation Physics, Skåne University Hospital, 22185 Lund, Sweden
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29
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Lian X, Gao Y, Li X, Wang P, Tong L, Li J, Zhou Y, Liu T. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 2-aminopyrimidine derivatives as potent FLT3 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 96:129519. [PMID: 37838343 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive cancer, which is characterized by clonal expansion of myeloid progenitors in the bone marrow and peripheral blood. FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) mutations are the most frequently identified mutations, present in approximately 25-30 % AML patients, making FLT3 inhibitors a crucial treatment option for AML. In this study, we described the design, synthesis and biological evaluation of a series of 2-aminopyrimidine derivatives as potent FLT3 inhibitors. Notably, compound 15 displayed potent kinase inhibitory activities against FLT3 (FLT3-WT IC50 = 7.42 ± 1.23 nM; FLT3-D835Y IC50 = 9.21 ± 0.04 nM) and robust antiproliferative activities against MV4-11 cells (IC50 = 0.83 ± 0.15 nM) and MOLM-13 cells (IC50 = 10.55 ± 1.70 nM). Compound 15 also possessed potent antiproliferative activities against BaF3 cells carrying various FLT3-TKD and FLT3-ITD-TKD mutations, indicating its potential to overcome on-target resistance caused by FLT3 mutations. In summary, compound 15 showed promising potential for further exploration as a treatment of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanmin Lian
- ZJU-ENS Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yue Gao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xuemei Li
- ZJU-ENS Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Peipei Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lexian Tong
- ZJU-ENS Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Jia Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528400, China; Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, Shandong 264117, China.
| | - Yubo Zhou
- National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528400, China.
| | - Tao Liu
- ZJU-ENS Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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30
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Xu Y, Baylink DJ, Chen CS, Tan L, Xiao J, Park B, Valladares I, Reeves ME, Cao H. Transient TKI-resistant CD44+pBAD+ blasts undergo intrinsic homeostatic adaptation to promote the survival of acute myeloid leukemia in vitro. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1286863. [PMID: 38023123 PMCID: PMC10664142 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1286863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients have frequent mutations in FMS-like receptor tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3-mut AML), who respond poorly to salvage chemotherapies and targeted therapies such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Disease relapse is a common reason of treatment failures in FLT3-mut AML patients, but its intracellular refractory mechanism remains to be discovered. In this study, we designed serial in vitro time-course studies to investigate the biomarkers of TKI-resistant blasts and their survival mechanism. First, we found that a group of transient TKI-resistant blasts were CD44+Phosphorylated-BAD (pBAD)+ and that they could initiate the regrowth of blast clusters in vitro. Notably, TKI-treatments upregulated the compensation pathways to promote PIM2/3-mediated phosphorylation of BAD to initiate the blast survival. Next, we discovered a novel process of intracellular adaptive responses in these transient TKI-resistant blasts, including upregulated JAK/STAT signaling pathways for PIM2/3 expressions and activated SOCS1/SOCS3/PIAS2 inhibitory pathways to down-regulate redundant signal transduction and kinase phosphorylation to regain intracellular homeostasis. Finally, we found that the combination of TKIs with TYK2/STAT4 pathways-driven inhibitors could effectively treat FLT3-mut AML in vitro. In summary, our findings reveal that TKI-treatment can activate a JAK/STAT-PIM2/3 axis-mediated signaling pathways to promote the survival of CD44+pBAD+blasts in vitro. Disrupting these TKIs-activated redundant pathways and blast homeostasis could be a novel therapeutic strategy to treat FLT3-mut AML and prevent disease relapse in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Loma Linda University Medical Center and Loma Linda University Cancer Center, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA, United States
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - David J. Baylink
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Chien-Shing Chen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Loma Linda University Medical Center and Loma Linda University Cancer Center, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Laren Tan
- Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA, United States
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Hyperbaric and Sleep Medicine, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Jeffrey Xiao
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Brandon Park
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Ismael Valladares
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Mark E. Reeves
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Loma Linda University Medical Center and Loma Linda University Cancer Center, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Huynh Cao
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Loma Linda University Medical Center and Loma Linda University Cancer Center, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA, United States
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Magliulo D, Simoni M, Caserta C, Fracassi C, Belluschi S, Giannetti K, Pini R, Zapparoli E, Beretta S, Uggè M, Draghi E, Rossari F, Coltella N, Tresoldi C, Morelli MJ, Di Micco R, Gentner B, Vago L, Bernardi R. The transcription factor HIF2α partakes in the differentiation block of acute myeloid leukemia. EMBO Mol Med 2023; 15:e17810. [PMID: 37807875 PMCID: PMC10630882 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202317810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the defining features of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an arrest of myeloid differentiation whose molecular determinants are still poorly defined. Pharmacological removal of the differentiation block contributes to the cure of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) in the absence of cytotoxic chemotherapy, but this approach has not yet been translated to non-APL AMLs. Here, by investigating the function of hypoxia-inducible transcription factors HIF1α and HIF2α, we found that both genes exert oncogenic functions in AML and that HIF2α is a novel regulator of the AML differentiation block. Mechanistically, we found that HIF2α promotes the expression of transcriptional repressors that have been implicated in suppressing AML myeloid differentiation programs. Importantly, we positioned HIF2α under direct transcriptional control by the prodifferentiation agent all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and demonstrated that HIF2α blockade cooperates with ATRA to trigger AML cell differentiation. In conclusion, we propose that HIF2α inhibition may open new therapeutic avenues for AML treatment by licensing blasts maturation and leukemia debulking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Magliulo
- Division of Experimental OncologyIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Matilde Simoni
- Division of Experimental OncologyIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Carolina Caserta
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR‐TIGET)IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Cristina Fracassi
- Division of Experimental OncologyIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Serena Belluschi
- Vita Salute San Raffaele University School of MedicineMilanItaly
- Present address:
MogrifyCambridgeUK
| | - Kety Giannetti
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR‐TIGET)IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Raffaella Pini
- Center for Omics SciencesIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Ettore Zapparoli
- Center for Omics SciencesIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Stefano Beretta
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR‐TIGET)IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Martina Uggè
- Division of Experimental OncologyIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Eleonora Draghi
- Unit of Immunogenetics, Leukemia Genomics and ImmunobiologyIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Federico Rossari
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR‐TIGET)IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
- Vita Salute San Raffaele University School of MedicineMilanItaly
| | - Nadia Coltella
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR‐TIGET)IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Cristina Tresoldi
- Unit of Hematology and Bone Marrow TransplantationIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Marco J Morelli
- Center for Omics SciencesIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Raffaella Di Micco
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR‐TIGET)IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Bernhard Gentner
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR‐TIGET)IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
- Present address:
Ludwig Institute for Cancer researchLausanne UniversityLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Luca Vago
- Unit of Immunogenetics, Leukemia Genomics and ImmunobiologyIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Rosa Bernardi
- Division of Experimental OncologyIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
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32
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Shin JE, Kim SH, Kong M, Kim HR, Yoon S, Kee KM, Kim JA, Kim DH, Park SY, Park JH, Kim H, No KT, Lee HW, Gee HY, Hong S, Guan KL, Roe JS, Lee H, Kim DW, Park HW. Targeting FLT3-TAZ signaling to suppress drug resistance in blast phase chronic myeloid leukemia. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:177. [PMID: 37932786 PMCID: PMC10626670 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01837-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the development of BCR::ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) rendered chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) a manageable condition, acquisition of drug resistance during blast phase (BP) progression remains a critical challenge. Here, we reposition FLT3, one of the most frequently mutated drivers of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), as a prognostic marker and therapeutic target of BP-CML. METHODS We generated FLT3 expressing BCR::ABL1 TKI-resistant CML cells and enrolled phase-specific CML patient cohort to obtain unpaired and paired serial specimens and verify the role of FLT3 signaling in BP-CML patients. We performed multi-omics approaches in animal and patient studies to demonstrate the clinical feasibility of FLT3 as a viable target of BP-CML by establishing the (1) molecular mechanisms of FLT3-driven drug resistance, (2) diagnostic methods of FLT3 protein expression and localization, (3) association between FLT3 signaling and CML prognosis, and (4) therapeutic strategies to tackle FLT3+ CML patients. RESULTS We reposition the significance of FLT3 in the acquisition of drug resistance in BP-CML, thereby, newly classify a FLT3+ BP-CML subgroup. Mechanistically, FLT3 expression in CML cells activated the FLT3-JAK-STAT3-TAZ-TEAD-CD36 signaling pathway, which conferred resistance to a wide range of BCR::ABL1 TKIs that was independent of recurrent BCR::ABL1 mutations. Notably, FLT3+ BP-CML patients had significantly less favorable prognosis than FLT3- patients. Remarkably, we demonstrate that repurposing FLT3 inhibitors combined with BCR::ABL1 targeted therapies or the single treatment with ponatinib alone can overcome drug resistance and promote BP-CML cell death in patient-derived FLT3+ BCR::ABL1 cells and mouse xenograft models. CONCLUSION Here, we reposition FLT3 as a critical determinant of CML progression via FLT3-JAK-STAT3-TAZ-TEAD-CD36 signaling pathway that promotes TKI resistance and predicts worse prognosis in BP-CML patients. Our findings open novel therapeutic opportunities that exploit the undescribed link between distinct types of malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Shin
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Hyun Kim
- Leukemia Omics Research Institute, Eulji University, Uijeongbu-si, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Mingyu Kong
- Center for Advanced Biomolecular Recognition, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Korea
| | - Hwa-Ryeon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungmin Yoon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Mi Kee
- Leukemia Omics Research Institute, Eulji University, Uijeongbu-si, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Ah Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyeon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yeon Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyung Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongtae Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Tai No
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Design Research Center (BMDRC), Incheon, 21983, Korea
| | - Han-Woong Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Heon Yung Gee
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghee Hong
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kun-Liang Guan
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jae-Seok Roe
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunbeom Lee
- Center for Advanced Biomolecular Recognition, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Korea
| | - Dong-Wook Kim
- Leukemia Omics Research Institute, Eulji University, Uijeongbu-si, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea.
- Hematology Department, Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Uijeongbu-si, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun Woo Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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Ma H, Cui J, Liu Z, Fang W, Lu S, Cao S, Zhang Y, Chen JA, Lu L, Xie Q, Wang Y, Huang Y, Li K, Tong H, Huang J, Lu W. Blockade of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis triggers autophagic degradation of oncoprotein FLT3-ITD in acute myeloid leukemia. Oncogene 2023; 42:3331-3343. [PMID: 37752234 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02848-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
The internal tandem duplication of the FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3-ITD) is one of the most frequent genetic alterations in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Limited and transient clinical benefit of FLT3 kinase inhibitors (FLT3i) emphasizes the need for alternative therapeutic options for this subset of myeloid malignancies. Herein, we showed that FLT3-ITD mutant (FLT3-ITD+) AML cells were susceptible toward inhibitors of DHODH, a rate-limiting enzyme of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis. Genetic and pharmacological blockade of DHODH triggered downregulation of FLT3-ITD protein, subsequently suppressed activation of downstream ERK and STAT5, and promoted cell death of FLT3-ITD+ AML cells. Mechanistically, DHODH blockade triggered autophagy-mediated FLT3-ITD degradation via inactivating mTOR, a potent autophagy repressor. Notably, blockade of DHODH synergized with an FDA-approved FLT3i quizartinib in significantly impairing the growth of FLT3-ITD+ AML cells and improving tumor-bearing mice survival. We further demonstrated that DHODH blockade exhibited profound anti-proliferation effect on quizartinib-resistant cells in vitro and in vivo. In summary, this study demonstrates that the induction of degradation of FLT3-ITD protein by DHODH blockade may offer a promising therapeutic strategy for AML patients harboring FLT3-ITD mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ma
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayan Cui
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China
| | - Zehui Liu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenqing Fang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China
| | - Sisi Lu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuying Cao
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji-An Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 201203, Shanghai, China
| | - Lixue Lu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 201203, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiong Xie
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 201203, Shanghai, China
| | - Yonghui Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 201203, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Huang
- NMPA Key Laboratory of Rapid Drug Inspection Technology, Guangdong Institute for Drug Control, 510663, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kongfei Li
- Department of Hematology, People's Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University, 315000, Ningbo, China
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310003, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Hematopoietic Malignancy, Zhejiang University, 310003, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongyan Tong
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310003, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Hematopoietic Malignancy, Zhejiang University, 310003, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China.
| | - Weiqiang Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China.
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Jian J, Wang N, Hao H, Yuan C, Liu Q, Ji C, Lu F. SLED1 Promoting Cell Proliferation and Inhibiting Apoptosis in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: a Study. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:6633-6652. [PMID: 36897493 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04421-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to explore long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) sustained low-efficiency dialysis (SLED1) correlated with Bcl-2 apoptosis pathway in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This study further aimed to determine its role in the regulation of AML progression and its action as a potential biomarker for better prognosis. AML microarray profiles GSE97485 and probe annotation from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) were detected using the GEO2R tool ( http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/geo2r/ ). The expression of AML was downloaded from the TCGA database ( http://cancergenome.nih.gov/ ). The statistical analysis of the database was processed with R software. Bioinformatic analysis found that lncRNA SLED1 is highly expressed in AML patients and is associated with poor prognosis. We found that the increased SLED1 expression levels in AML were significantly correlated with FAB classification, human race, and age. Our study has shown that upregulation of SLED1 promoted AML cell proliferation and inhibited cell apoptosis in vitro; RNA sequencing showed increased expression of BCL-2 and indicated that SLED1 might promote the development of AML by regulating BCL-2. Our results showed that SLED1 could promote the proliferation and inhibit the apoptosis of AML cells. SLED1 might promote the development of AML by regulating BCL-2, but the mechanism involved in the progression of AML is unclear. SLED1 plays an important role in AML progression, may be applied as a rapid and economical AML prognostic indicator to predict the survival of AML patients, and help guide experiments for potential clinical drag targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimo Jian
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Qingdao, 266035, Shandong, China
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Nana Wang
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Hongyuan Hao
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Qingdao, 266035, Shandong, China
| | - Chenglu Yuan
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Qingdao, 266035, Shandong, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Pain, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Chunyan Ji
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Fei Lu
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
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Montoro J, Balaguer-Roselló A, Sanz J. Recent advances in allogeneic transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia. Curr Opin Oncol 2023; 35:564-573. [PMID: 37820092 DOI: 10.1097/cco.0000000000000992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review highlights recent advancements in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). RECENT FINDINGS Important improvements have been observed throughout the allo-HSCT procedure and patient management. Universal donor availability and reduced risk of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) have been achieved with the introduction of posttransplant cyclophosphamide for GVHD prophylaxis. It has contributed, together with advances in conditioning regimens, GVHD treatment and supportive care, to a reduced overall toxicity of the procedure. Relapse is now the most frequent cause of transplant failure. With increased knowledge of the biological characterization of AML, better prediction of transplant risks and more profound and standardized minimal residual disease (MRD) monitoring, pharmacological, and immunological strategies to prevent relapse are been developed. SUMMARY Allo-HSCT remains the standard of care for high-risk AML. Increased access to transplant, reduced toxicity and relapse are improving patient outcomes. Further research is needed to optimize MRD monitoring, refine conditioning regimens, and explore new GVHD management and relapse prevention therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Montoro
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad Católica de Valencia
| | - Aitana Balaguer-Roselló
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe
- CIBERONC, Instituto Carlos III, Madrid
| | - Jaime Sanz
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe
- CIBERONC, Instituto Carlos III, Madrid
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Spain
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36
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Hegewisch-Solloa E, Nalin AP, Freud AG, Mace EM. Deciphering the localization and trajectory of human natural killer cell development. J Leukoc Biol 2023; 114:487-506. [PMID: 36869821 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate immune cells represent the first line of cellular immunity, comprised of both circulating and tissue-resident natural killer cells and innate lymphoid cells. These innate lymphocytes arise from a common CD34+ progenitor that differentiates into mature natural killer cells and innate lymphoid cells. The successive stages in natural killer cell maturation are characterized by increased lineage restriction and changes to phenotype and function. Mechanisms of human natural killer cell development have not been fully elucidated, especially the role of signals that drive the spatial localization and maturation of natural killer cells. Cytokines, extracellular matrix components, and chemokines provide maturation signals and influence the trafficking of natural killer cell progenitors to peripheral sites of differentiation. Here we present the latest advances in our understanding of natural killer and innate lymphoid cell development in peripheral sites, including secondary lymphoid tissues (i.e. tonsil). Recent work in the field has provided a model for the spatial distribution of natural killer cell and innate lymphoid cell developmental intermediates in tissue and generated further insights into the developmental niche. In support of this model, future studies using multifaceted approaches seek to fully map the developmental trajectory of human natural killer cells and innate lymphoid cells in secondary lymphoid tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Everardo Hegewisch-Solloa
- Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W 168th St. New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ansel P Nalin
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Medical Scientist Training Program, Comprehensive Cancer Center and The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, 460 W 10th Ave. Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Aharon G Freud
- Department of Pathology, Comprehensive Cancer Center and The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, 460 W 12th Ave. Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Emily M Mace
- Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W 168th St. New York, NY 10032, USA
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37
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Ali AM, Salih GF. Molecular and clinical significance of FLT3, NPM1, DNMT3A and TP53 mutations in acute myeloid leukemia patients. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:8035-8048. [PMID: 37540457 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08680-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a type of blood cancer that affects the bone marrow and blood cells. AML is characterized by the rapid growth and accumulation of abnormal white blood cells, known as myeloblasts, which interfere with the production of normal blood cells. AIMS The main aim was to determine the relationship between these genetic alterations and the clinico-haematological parameters and prognostic factors with therapy for Iraqi patients with AML. METHODS We used Sanger Sequencing to detect the mutations in 76 AML patients. Clinical data of AML patients were retrospectively analysed to compare the prognosis of each gene mutation group. RESULTS Somatic mutations were identified in 47.4% of the enrolled patients in a core set of pathogenic genes, including FLT3 (18 patients, 23.7%), DNMT3A (14, 18.4%), NPM1 (11, 14.5%) and TP53 (5, 6.8%). As multiple mutations frequently coexisted in the same patient, we classified patients into 10 further groups. Two novel mutations were detected in FLT3-ITD, with new accession numbers deposited into NCBI GenBank (OP807465 and OP807466). These two novel mutations were computationally analysed and predicted as disease-causing mutations. We found significant differences between patients with and without the detected mutations in disease progression after induction therapy (remission, failure and death; pv = < 0.001) and statistically significant differences were reported in total leukocyte count (pv = < 0.0001). CONCLUSION These genes are among the most frequently mutated genes in AML patients. Understanding the molecular and clinical significance of these mutations is important for guiding treatment decisions and predicting patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayad M Ali
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Garmian, Kalar, Iraq.
| | - Gaza F Salih
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
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Flynn PA, Long MD, Kosaka Y, Mulkey JS, Coy JL, Agarwal A, Lind EF. Leukemic mutation FLT3-ITD is retained in dendritic cells and disrupts their homeostasis leading to expanded Th17 frequency. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.19.558512. [PMID: 37781631 PMCID: PMC10541139 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.19.558512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) are mediators of adaptive immune responses to pathogens and tumors. DC development is determined by signaling through the receptor tyrosine kinase Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) in bone marrow myeloid progenitors. Recently the naming conventions for DC phenotypes have been updated to distinguish between "Conventional" DCs (cDCs) and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs). Activating mutations of FLT3, including Internal Tandem Duplication (FLT3-ITD), are associated with poor prognosis for leukemia patients. To date, there is little information on the effects of FLT3-ITD in DC biology. We examined the cDC phenotype and frequency in bone marrow aspirates from patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) to understand the changes to cDCs associated with FLT3-ITD. When compared to healthy donor (HD) we found that a subset of FLT3-ITD+ AML patient samples have overrepresented populations of cDCs and disrupted phenotypes. Using a mouse model of FLT3-ITD+ AML, we found that cDCs were increased in percentage and number compared to control wild-type (WT) mice. Single cell RNA-seq identified FLT3-ITD+ cDCs as skewed towards a cDC2 T-bet - phenotype, previously shown to promote Th17 T cells. We assessed the phenotypes of CD4+ T cells in the AML mice and found significant enrichment of both Treg and Th17 CD4+ T cells. Furthermore, co-culture of AML mouse- derived DCs and naïve OT-II cells preferentially skewed T cells into a Th17 phenotype. Together, our data suggests that FLT3-ITD+ leukemia-associated cDCs polarize CD4+ T cells into Th17 subsets, a population that has been shown to be negatively associated with survival in solid tumor contexts. This illustrates the complex tumor microenvironment of AML and highlights the need for further investigation into the effects of FLT3-ITD mutations on DC phenotypes.
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Schieffer KM, Moccia A, Bucknor BA, Stonerock E, Jayaraman V, Jenkins H, McKinney A, Koo SC, Mathew MT, Mardis ER, Lee K, Reshmi SC, Cottrell CE. Expanding the Clinical Utility of Targeted RNA Sequencing Panels beyond Gene Fusions to Complex, Intragenic Structural Rearrangements. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4394. [PMID: 37686670 PMCID: PMC10486946 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15174394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene fusions are a form of structural rearrangement well established as driver events in pediatric and adult cancers. The identification of such events holds clinical significance in the refinement, prognostication, and provision of treatment in cancer. Structural rearrangements also extend beyond fusions to include intragenic rearrangements, such as internal tandem duplications (ITDs) or exon-level deletions. These intragenic events have been increasingly implicated as cancer-promoting events. However, the detection of intragenic rearrangements may be challenging to resolve bioinformatically with short-read sequencing technologies and therefore may not be routinely assessed in panel-based testing. Within an academic clinical laboratory, over three years, a total of 608 disease-involved samples (522 hematologic malignancy, 86 solid tumors) underwent clinical testing using Anchored Multiplex PCR (AMP)-based RNA sequencing. Hematologic malignancies were evaluated using a custom Pan-Heme 154 gene panel, while solid tumors were assessed using a custom Pan-Solid 115 gene panel. Gene fusions, ITDs, and intragenic deletions were assessed for diagnostic, prognostic, or therapeutic significance. When considering gene fusions alone, we report an overall diagnostic yield of 36% (37% hematologic malignancy, 41% solid tumors). When including intragenic structural rearrangements, the overall diagnostic yield increased to 48% (48% hematologic malignancy, 45% solid tumor). We demonstrate the clinical utility of reporting structural rearrangements, including gene fusions and intragenic structural rearrangements, using an AMP-based RNA sequencing panel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M. Schieffer
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Amanda Moccia
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA
| | - Brianna A. Bucknor
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA
| | - Eileen Stonerock
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA
| | - Vijayakumar Jayaraman
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA
| | - Heather Jenkins
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA
| | - Aimee McKinney
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA
| | - Selene C. Koo
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Mariam T. Mathew
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Elaine R. Mardis
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Kristy Lee
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Shalini C. Reshmi
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Catherine E. Cottrell
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Abdel-Aziz AK. Advances in acute myeloid leukemia differentiation therapy: A critical review. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 215:115709. [PMID: 37506924 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is characterized by impaired differentiation and indefinite proliferation of abnormal myeloid progenitors. Although differentiating agents were deemed to revolutionize AML therapy, most treated non-APL AML patients are refractory or relapse. According to cancer stem cell model, leukemia-initiating cells are the root cause of relapse given their unidirectional potential to generate differentiated AML blasts. Nonetheless, accumulating evidences emphasize the de-differentiation plasticity and leukemogenic potential of mature AML blasts and the frailty of targeting leukemic stem cells per se. This review critically discusses the potential and challenges of (lessons learnt from) conventional and novel differentiating agents in AML therapy. Although differentiating agents might hold promise, they should be exploited within the context of a rationale combination regimen eradicating all maturation/differentiation states of AML cells. The results of the routinely used immunophenotypic markers and/or morphological analyses of differentiation should be carefully interpreted given their propensity to underestimate AML burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Kamal Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt; Smart Health Initiative, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudia Arabia.
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Břehová P, Řezníčková E, Škach K, Jorda R, Dejmek M, Vojáčková V, Šála M, Kovalová M, Dračínský M, Dolníková A, Strmeň T, Kinnertová M, Chalupský K, Dvořáková A, Gucký T, Mertlíková Kaiserová H, Klener P, Nencka R, Kryštof V. Inhibition of FLT3-ITD Kinase in Acute Myeloid Leukemia by New Imidazo[1,2- b]pyridazine Derivatives Identified by Scaffold Hopping. J Med Chem 2023; 66:11133-11157. [PMID: 37535845 PMCID: PMC10461230 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
FLT3 kinase is a potential drug target in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Patients with FLT3 mutations typically have higher relapse rates and worse outcomes than patients without FLT3 mutations. In this study, we investigated the suitability of various heterocycles as central cores of FLT3 inhibitors, including thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine, pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine, imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, pyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidine, and imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine. Our assays revealed a series of imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazines with high potency against FLT3. Compound 34f showed nanomolar inhibitory activity against recombinant FLT3-ITD and FLT3-D835Y (IC50 values 4 and 1 nM, respectively) as well as in the FLT3-ITD-positive AML cell lines MV4-11, MOLM-13, and MOLM-13 expressing the FLT3-ITD-D835Y mutant (GI50 values of 7, 9, and 4 nM, respectively). In contrast, FLT3-independent cell lines were much less sensitive. In vitro experiments confirmed suppression of FLT3 downstream signaling pathways. Finally, the treatment of MV4-11 xenograft-bearing mice with 34f at doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg markedly blocked tumor growth without any adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Břehová
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Řezníčková
- Department
of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech
Republic
| | - Kryštof Škach
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Jorda
- Department
of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech
Republic
| | - Milan Dejmek
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Vojáčková
- Department
of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech
Republic
| | - Michal Šála
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Kovalová
- Department
of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech
Republic
| | - Martin Dračínský
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alexandra Dolníková
- Institute
of Pathological Physiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 12108 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Timotej Strmeň
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Kinnertová
- Department
of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech
Republic
| | - Karel Chalupský
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alexandra Dvořáková
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Gucký
- Department
of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech
Republic
| | - Helena Mertlíková Kaiserová
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Klener
- Institute
of Pathological Physiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 12108 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Nencka
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Kryštof
- Department
of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech
Republic
- Institute
of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 5, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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42
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Zhu Y, Neelamegham S. Knockout studies using CD34+ hematopoietic cells suggest that CD44 is a physiological human neutrophil E-selectin ligand. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.18.553923. [PMID: 37645985 PMCID: PMC10462143 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.18.553923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The recruitment of peripheral blood neutrophils at sites of inflammation involves a multistep cascade, starting with E- and P-selectin expressed on the inflamed vascular endothelium binding sialofucosylated glycans on leukocytes. As the glycoconjugate biosynthesis pathways in different cells are distinct, the precise carbohydrate ligands of selectins varies both across species, and between different immune cell populations in a given species. To study this aspect in human neutrophils, we developed a protocol to perform CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing on CD34+ hHSCs (human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells) as they are differentiated towards neutrophil lineage. This protocol initially uses a cocktail of SCF (stem-cell factor), IL-3 (interleukin-3) and FLT-3L (FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand) to expand the stem/progenitor cells followed by directed differentiation to neutrophils using G-CSF (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor). Microfluidics based assays were performed on a confocal microscope platform to characterize the rolling phenotype of each edited cell type in mixed populations. These studies demonstrated that CD44, but not CD43, is a major E-selectin ligand on human neutrophils. The loss of function results were validated by developing sialofucosylated recombinant CD44. This glycosylated protein supported both robust E-selectin binding in a cell-free assay, and it competitively blocked neutrophil adhesion to E-selectin on inflamed endothelial cells. Together, the study establishes important methods to study human neutrophil biology and determines that sialoflucosylated-CD44 is a physiological human E-selectin ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Zhu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260
| | - Sriram Neelamegham
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260
- Department of Medicine School of Engineering and Applies Sciences, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260
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Park MN. The Therapeutic Potential of a Strategy to Prevent Acute Myeloid Leukemia Stem Cell Reprogramming in Older Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12037. [PMID: 37569414 PMCID: PMC10418941 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common and incurable leukemia subtype. Despite extensive research into the disease's intricate molecular mechanisms, effective treatments or expanded diagnostic or prognostic markers for AML have not yet been identified. The morphological, immunophenotypic, cytogenetic, biomolecular, and clinical characteristics of AML patients are extensive and complex. Leukemia stem cells (LSCs) consist of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and cancer cells transformed by a complex, finely-tuned interaction that causes the complexity of AML. Microenvironmental regulation of LSCs dormancy and the diagnostic and therapeutic implications for identifying and targeting LSCs due to their significance in the pathogenesis of AML are discussed in this review. It is essential to perceive the relationship between the niche for LSCs and HSCs, which together cause the progression of AML. Notably, methylation is a well-known epigenetic change that is significant in AML, and our data also reveal that microRNAs are a unique factor for LSCs. Multiple-targeted approaches to reduce the risk of epigenetic factors, such as the administration of natural compounds for the elimination of local LSCs, may prevent potentially fatal relapses. Furthermore, the survival analysis of overlapping genes revealed that specific targets had significant effects on the survival and prognosis of patients. We predict that the multiple-targeted effects of herbal products on epigenetic modification are governed by different mechanisms in AML and could prevent potentially fatal relapses. Thus, these strategies can facilitate the incorporation of herbal medicine and natural compounds into the advanced drug discovery and development processes achievable with Network Pharmacology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon Nyeo Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegidong Dongdaemungu, Seoul 05253, Republic of Korea
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Sun X, Liu X, Li Y, Shi X, Li Y, Tan R, Jiang Y, Sui X, Ge X, Xu H, Wang X, Fang X. Characteristics of Molecular Genetic Mutations and Their Correlation with Prognosis in Adolescent and Adult Patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Oncology 2023; 102:85-98. [PMID: 37437551 DOI: 10.1159/000531522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prognosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in adolescents and adults is poor, and recurrence is an important cause of their death. Changes of genetic information play a vital role in the pathogenesis and recurrence of ALL; however, the impact of molecular genetic mutations on disease diagnosis and prognosis remains unexplored. This study aimed to explore the frequency spectrum of gene mutations and their prognostic significance, along with the minimal residual disease (MRD) level and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), in adolescent and adult patients aged ≥15 years with ALL. METHODS The basic characteristics, cytogenetics, molecular genetics, MRD level, treatment regimen, and survival outcome of patients with untreated ALL (≥15 years) were collected, and the correlation and survival analysis were performed using the SPSS 25.0 and R software. RESULTS This study included 404 patients, of which 147 were selected for next-generation sequencing (NGS). NGS results revealed that 91.2% of the patients had at least one mutation, and 67.35% had multiple (≥2) mutations. NOTCH1, PHF6, RUNX1, PTEN, JAK3, TET2, and JAK1 were the most common mutations in T-ALL, whereas FAT1, TET2, NARS, KMT2D, FLT3, and RELN were the most common mutations in B-ALL. Correlation analysis revealed the mutation patterns, which were significantly different between T-ALL and B-ALL. In the prognostic analysis of 107 patients with B-ALL, multivariate analysis showed that the number of mutations ≥5 was an independent risk factor for overall survival and the RELN mutation was an independent poor prognostic factor for event-free survival. DISCUSSION The distribution of gene mutations and the co-occurrence and repulsion of mutant genes in patients with ALL were closely related to the immunophenotype of the patients. The number of mutations ≥5 and the RELN mutation were significantly associated with poor prognosis in adolescent and adult patients with ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Sun
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China,
| | - Xiaoqian Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xue Shi
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yahan Li
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Ran Tan
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yujie Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaohui Sui
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xueling Ge
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Hongzhi Xu
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Lymphoma, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaosheng Fang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
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Alanazi J, Bender O, Dogan R, Malik JA, Atalay A, Ali TFS, Beshr EAM, Shawky AM, Aly OM, Alqahtani YNH, Anwar S. Combination of an Oxindole Derivative with (-)-β-Elemene Alters Cell Death Pathways in FLT3/ITD + Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells. Molecules 2023; 28:5253. [PMID: 37446914 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is one of the cancers that grow most aggressively. The challenges in AML management are huge, despite many treatment options. Mutations in FLT3 tyrosine kinase receptors make the currently available therapies less responsive. Therefore, there is a need to find new lead molecules that can specifically target mutated FLT3 to block growth factor signaling and inhibit AML cell proliferation. Our previous studies on FLT3-mutated AML cells demonstrated that β-elemene and compound 5a showed strong inhibition of proliferation by blocking the mutated FLT3 receptor and altering the key apoptotic genes responsible for apoptosis. Furthermore, we hypothesized that both β-elemene and compound 5a could be therapeutically effective. Therefore, combining these drugs against mutated FLT3 cells could be promising. In this context, dose-matrix combination-based cellular inhibition analyses, cell morphology studies and profiling of 43 different apoptotic protein targets via combinatorial treatment were performed. Our studies provide strong evidence for the hypothesis that β-elemene and compound 5a combination considerably increased the therapeutic potential of both compounds by enhancing the activation of several key targets implicated in AML cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jowaher Alanazi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 55476, Saudi Arabia
| | - Onur Bender
- Biotechnology Institute, Ankara University, Ankara 06135, Turkey
| | - Rumeysa Dogan
- Biotechnology Institute, Ankara University, Ankara 06135, Turkey
| | - Jonaid Ahmad Malik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar 140001, India
| | - Arzu Atalay
- Biotechnology Institute, Ankara University, Ankara 06135, Turkey
| | - Taha F S Ali
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Eman A M Beshr
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Shawky
- Science and Technology Unit (STU), Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar M Aly
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port Said University, Port Said 42511, Egypt
| | | | - Sirajudheen Anwar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 55476, Saudi Arabia
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Shao R, Li Z, Xin H, Jiang S, Zhu Y, Liu J, Huang R, Xu K, Shi X. Biomarkers as targets for CAR-T/NK cell therapy in AML. Biomark Res 2023; 11:65. [PMID: 37330575 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-023-00501-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The most common kind of acute leukemia in adults is acute myeloid leukemia (AML), which is often treated with induction chemotherapy regimens followed by consolidation or allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). However, some patients continue to develop relapsed or refractory AML (R/R-AML). Small molecular targeted drugs require long-time administration. Not all the patients hold molecular targets. Novel medicines are therefore needed to enhance treatment outcomes. T cells and natural killer (NK) cells engineered with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) that target antigens associated with AML have recently been produced and are currently being tested in both pre-clinical and clinical settings. This review provides an overview of CAR-T/NK treatments for AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruonan Shao
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.262, North Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zijian Li
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.262, North Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Honglei Xin
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.262, North Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Suyu Jiang
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.262, North Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yilin Zhu
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.262, North Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingan Liu
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.262, North Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rong Huang
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.262, North Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kailin Xu
- Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Shi
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.262, North Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210003, Jiangsu, China.
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Singh H, Kumar M, Kanungo H. Role of Gene Mutations in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Review Article. Glob Med Genet 2023; 10:123-128. [PMID: 37360004 PMCID: PMC10289861 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1770768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an immensely heterogeneous disease characterized by the clonal growth of promyelocytes or myeloblasts in bone marrow as well as in peripheral blood or tissue. Enhancement in the knowledge of the molecular biology of cancer and recognition of intermittent mutations in AML contribute to favorable circumstances to establish targeted therapies and enhance the clinical outcome. There is high interest in the development of therapies that target definitive abnormalities in AML while eradicating leukemia-initiating cells. In recent years, there has been a better knowledge of the molecular abnormalities that lead to the progression of AML, and the application of new methods in molecular biology techniques has increased that facilitating the advancement of investigational drugs. In this review, literature or information on various gene mutations for AML is discussed. English language articles were scrutinized in plentiful directories or databases like PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Sciences, Google Scholar, and Scopus. The important keywords used for searching databases is "Acute myeloid leukemia", "Gene mutation in Acute myeloid leukemia", "Genetic alteration in Acute myeloid leukemia," and "Genetic abnormalities in Acute myeloid leukemia."
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Singh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, Index Institute of Dental Sciences, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Magesh Kumar
- Department of Periodontics, Index Institute of Dental Sciences, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Himanshu Kanungo
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Index Institute of Dental Sciences, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Haage TR, Schraven B, Mougiakakos D, Fischer T. How ITD Insertion Sites Orchestrate the Biology and Disease of FLT3-ITD-Mutated Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15112991. [PMID: 37296951 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15112991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations of the FLT3 gene are among the most common genetic aberrations detected in AML and occur mainly as internal tandem duplications (FLT3-ITD). However, the specific sites of FLT3-ITD insertion within FLT3 show marked heterogeneity regarding both biological and clinical features. In contrast to the common assumption that ITD insertion sites (IS) are restricted to the juxtamembrane domain (JMD) of FLT3, 30% of FLT3-ITD mutations insert at the non-JMD level, thereby integrating into various segments of the tyrosine kinase subdomain 1 (TKD1). ITDs inserted within TKD1 have been shown to be associated with inferior complete remission rates as well as shorter relapse-free and overall survival. Furthermore, resistance to chemotherapy and tyrosine kinase inhibition (TKI) is linked to non-JMD IS. Although FLT3-ITD mutations in general are already recognized as a negative prognostic marker in currently used risk stratification guidelines, the even worse prognostic impact of non-JMD-inserting FLT3-ITD has not yet been particularly considered. Recently, the molecular and biological assessment of TKI resistance highlighted the pivotal role of activated WEE1 kinase in non-JMD-inserting ITDs. Overcoming therapy resistance in non-JMD FLT3-ITD-mutated AML may lead to more effective genotype- and patient-specific treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias R Haage
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Center, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Gesundheitscampus Immunology, Inflammation and Infectiology (GC-I3), Medical Center, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Burkhart Schraven
- Gesundheitscampus Immunology, Inflammation and Infectiology (GC-I3), Medical Center, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Center of Health and Medical Prevention (CHaMP), Otto-von-Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Dimitrios Mougiakakos
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Center, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Gesundheitscampus Immunology, Inflammation and Infectiology (GC-I3), Medical Center, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Fischer
- Gesundheitscampus Immunology, Inflammation and Infectiology (GC-I3), Medical Center, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
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49
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Pardhi E, Yadav R, Chaurasiya A, Madan J, Guru SK, Singh SB, Mehra NK. Multifunctional targetable liposomal drug delivery system in the management of leukemia: Potential, opportunities, and emerging strategies. Life Sci 2023; 325:121771. [PMID: 37182551 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The concern impeding the success of chemotherapy in leukemia treatment is descending efficacy of drugs because of multiple drug resistance (MDR). The previous failure of traditional treatment methods is primarily responsible for the present era of innovative agents to treat leukemia effectively. The treatment option is a chemotherapeutic agent in most available treatment strategies, which unfortunately leads to high unavoidable toxicities. As a result of the recent surge in marketed products, theranostic nanoparticles, i.e., multifunctional targetable liposomes (MFTL), have been approved for improved and more successful leukemia treatment that blends therapeutic and diagnostic characteristics. Since they broadly offer the required characteristics to get past the traditional/previous limitations, such as the absence of site-specific anti-cancer therapeutic delivery and ongoing real-time surveillance of the leukemia target sites while administering therapeutic activities. To prepare MFTL, suitable targeting ligands or tumor-specific antibodies are required to attach to the surface of the liposomes. This review exhaustively covered and summarized the liposomal-based formulation in leukemia treatment, emphasizing leukemia types; regulatory considerations, patents, and clinical portfolios to overcome clinical translation hurdles have all been explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekta Pardhi
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Rati Yadav
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Akash Chaurasiya
- Department of Pharmaceutics, BITS-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Shameerpet Mandal, District. RR, Hyderabad, India
| | - Jitender Madan
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Guru
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Shashi Bala Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Neelesh Kumar Mehra
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad 500037, Telangana, India.
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50
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Kojima Y, Kawashima F, Yasuda T, Odaira K, Inagaki Y, Yamada C, Muraki A, Noura M, Okamoto S, Tamura S, Iwamoto E, Sanada M, Matsumura I, Miyazaki Y, Kojima T, Kiyoi H, Tsuzuki S, Hayakawa F. EBF1-JAK2 inhibits the PAX5 function through physical interaction with PAX5 and kinase activity. Int J Hematol 2023:10.1007/s12185-023-03585-z. [PMID: 37149540 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-023-03585-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Gene aberrations of B-cell regulators and growth signal components such as the JAK-STAT pathway are frequently found in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). EBF1 is a B-cell regulator that regulates the expression of PAX5 and co-operates with PAX5 to regulate B-cell differentiation. Here, we analyzed the function of the fusion protein of EBF1 and JAK2, EBF1-JAK2 (E-J). E-J caused constitutive activation of JAK-STAT and MAPK pathways and induced autonomous cell growth in a cytokine-dependent cell line. E-J did not affect the transcriptional activity of EBF1 but inhibited that of PAX5. Both the physical interaction of E-J with PAX5 and kinase activity of E-J were required for E-J to inhibit PAX5 function, although the detailed mechanism of inhibition remains unclear. Importantly, gene set enrichment analysis using the results of our previous RNA-seq data of 323 primary BCR-ABL1-negative ALL samples demonstrated repression of the transcriptional target genes of PAX5 in E-J-positive ALL cells, which suggests that E-J also inhibited PAX5 function in ALL cells. Our results shed new light on the mechanisms of differentiation block by kinase fusion proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukino Kojima
- Division of Cellular and Genetic Sciences, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-20 Daiko-Minami, Higashi-ku, Nagoya, 461-0047, Japan
| | - Fumika Kawashima
- Division of Cellular and Genetic Sciences, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-20 Daiko-Minami, Higashi-ku, Nagoya, 461-0047, Japan
| | - Takahiko Yasuda
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Koya Odaira
- Division of Cellular and Genetic Sciences, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-20 Daiko-Minami, Higashi-ku, Nagoya, 461-0047, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Inagaki
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Anjo Kosei Hospital, Anjo, Japan
| | - Chiharu Yamada
- Division of Cellular and Genetic Sciences, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-20 Daiko-Minami, Higashi-ku, Nagoya, 461-0047, Japan
| | - Ami Muraki
- Division of Cellular and Genetic Sciences, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-20 Daiko-Minami, Higashi-ku, Nagoya, 461-0047, Japan
| | - Mina Noura
- Division of Cellular and Genetic Sciences, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-20 Daiko-Minami, Higashi-ku, Nagoya, 461-0047, Japan
| | - Shuichi Okamoto
- Division of Cellular and Genetic Sciences, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-20 Daiko-Minami, Higashi-ku, Nagoya, 461-0047, Japan
| | - Shogo Tamura
- Division of Cellular and Genetic Sciences, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-20 Daiko-Minami, Higashi-ku, Nagoya, 461-0047, Japan
| | - Eisuke Iwamoto
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masashi Sanada
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Itaru Matsumura
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Kindai University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasushi Miyazaki
- Department of Hematology, Atomic Bomb Disease and Hibakusha Medicine Unit, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tetsuhito Kojima
- Division of Cellular and Genetic Sciences, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-20 Daiko-Minami, Higashi-ku, Nagoya, 461-0047, Japan
- Aichi Health Promotion Foundation, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kiyoi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shinobu Tsuzuki
- Department of Biochemistry, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Hayakawa
- Division of Cellular and Genetic Sciences, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-20 Daiko-Minami, Higashi-ku, Nagoya, 461-0047, Japan.
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