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Podolska MJ, Grützmann R, Pilarsky C, Bénard A. IL-3: key orchestrator of inflammation. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1411047. [PMID: 38938573 PMCID: PMC11208316 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1411047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-3 has long been known for its hematopoietic properties. However, recent evidence has expanded our understanding of IL-3 function by identifying IL-3 as a critical orchestrator of inflammation in a wide array of diseases. Depending on the type of disease, the course of inflammation, the cell or the tissue involved, IL-3 promotes either pathologic inflammation or its resolution. Here, we describe the cell-specific functions of IL-3 and summarize its role in diseases. We discuss the current treatments targeting IL-3 or its receptor, and highlight the potential and the limitations of targeting IL-3 in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alan Bénard
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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2
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Damiani D, Tiribelli M. CAR-T Cells in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Where Do We Stand? Biomedicines 2024; 12:1194. [PMID: 38927401 PMCID: PMC11200794 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances, the prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains unsatisfactory due to disease recurrence and the development of resistance to both conventional and novel therapies. Engineered T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) on their cellular surface represent one of the most promising anticancer agents. CAR-T cells are increasingly used in patients with B cell malignancies, with remarkable clinical results despite some immune-related toxicities. However, at present, the role of CAR-T cells in myeloid neoplasms, including AML, is extremely limited, as specific molecular targets for immune cells are generally lacking on AML blasts. Besides the paucity of dispensable targets, as myeloid antigens are often co-expressed on normal hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells with potentially intolerable myeloablation, the AML microenvironment is hostile to T cell proliferation due to inhibitory soluble factors. In addition, the rapidly progressive nature of the disease further complicates the use of CAR-T in AML. This review discusses the current state of CAR-T cell therapy in AML, including the still scanty clinical evidence and the potential approaches to overcome its limitations, including genetic modifications and combinatorial strategies, to make CAR-T cell therapy an effective option for AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Damiani
- Division of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital, 33100 Udine, Italy;
- Department of Medicine (DMED), University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Mario Tiribelli
- Division of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital, 33100 Udine, Italy;
- Department of Medicine (DMED), University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
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3
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Cieniewicz B, Oliveira E, Saxton M, Torabi D, Bhatta A, Kukutla P, Arballo A, Yang Z, Yu B, Fate M, Ning H, Corey L, Maiti A, Corey D. Therapeutic Targeting of TIM-4-L with Engineered T Cells for Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Clin Cancer Res 2024; 30:1878-1888. [PMID: 38451195 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-3044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Disruption of lipid bilayer asymmetry is a common feature observed in cancer cells and offers novel routes for therapeutic targeting. We used the natural immune receptor TIM-4 to interrogate for loss of plasma membrane phospholipid polarity in primary acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) samples and evaluated the anti-leukemic activity of TIM-4-L-directed T-cell therapy in preclinical AML models. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We performed FACS analysis on 33 primary AML bone marrow specimens and correlated TIM-4-L expression frequency and intensity with molecular disease characteristics. Using Kasumi-1 and MV-4-11 AML cell lines, we further tested the anti-leukemic effects of TIM-4-L-directed engineered T cells in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS We found that 86% of untreated AML blasts displayed upregulation of cell surface TIM-4-L. These observations were agnostic to AML genetic classification, as samples with mutations in TP53, ASXL1, and RUNX1 displayed TIM-4-L upregulation similar to that seen in favorable and intermediate subtypes. TIM-4-L dysregulation was also stably present in AML cell lines. To evaluate the potential of targeting upregulated TIM-4-L with adoptive T-cell therapy, we constructed TIM-4-L-directed engineered T cells, which demonstrated potent anti-leukemic effects, effectively eliminating AML cell lines with a range of endogenous TIM-4-L expression levels both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS These results highlight TIM-4-L as a highly prevalent target on AML across a range of genetic classifications and novel target for T-cell-based therapy in AML. Further investigations into the role of TIM-4-L in AML pathogenesis and its potential as an anti-leukemic target for clinical development are warranted.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/immunology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Mice
- Animals
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- Female
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Adult
- Aged
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mike Saxton
- CERo Therapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Damoun Torabi
- CERo Therapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Ankit Bhatta
- CERo Therapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | | | | | - Zhuo Yang
- CERo Therapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Bi Yu
- CERo Therapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Maria Fate
- CERo Therapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Hongxiu Ning
- CERo Therapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Lawrence Corey
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Abhishek Maiti
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Daniel Corey
- CERo Therapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, California
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4
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Nguyen TKO, Ryu D, Nguyen MQ, Ta HKK, Vu TL, Choe H. Efficient production of human interleukin-3 from Escherichia coli using protein disulfide isomerase b'a' domain. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2300581. [PMID: 38719587 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Human interleukin-3 (IL3) is a multifunctional cytokine essential for both clinical and biomedical research endeavors. However, its production in Escherichia coli has historically been challenging due to its aggregation into inclusion bodies, requiring intricate solubilization and refolding procedures. This study introduces an innovative approach employing two chaperone proteins, maltose binding protein (MBP) and protein disulfide isomerase b'a' domain (PDIb'a'), as N-terminal fusion tags. Histidine tag (H) was added at the beginning of each chaperone protein gene for easy purification. This fusion of chaperone proteins significantly improved IL3 solubility across various E. coli strains and temperature conditions, eliminating the need for laborious refolding procedures. Following expression optimization, H-PDIb'a'-IL3 was purified using two chromatographic methods, and the subsequent removal of the H-PDIb'a' tag yielded high-purity IL3. The identity of the purified protein was confirmed through liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Biological activity assays using human erythroleukemia TF-1 cells revealed a unique two-step stimulation pattern for both purified IL3 and the H-PDIb'a'-IL3 fusion protein, underscoring the protein's functional integrity and revealing novel insights into its cellular interactions. This study advances the understanding of IL3 expression and activity while introducing novel considerations for protein fusion strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Kieu Oanh Nguyen
- Department of Physiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dayoung Ryu
- Department of Physiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Minh Quan Nguyen
- Department of Physiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Huynh Kim Khanh Ta
- Department of Physiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Thi Luong Vu
- Department of Physiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Han Choe
- Department of Physiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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5
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Zhou J, Chng WJ. Unveiling novel insights in acute myeloid leukemia through single-cell RNA sequencing. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1365330. [PMID: 38711849 PMCID: PMC11070491 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1365330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a complex and heterogeneous group of aggressive hematopoietic stem cell disease. The presence of diverse and functionally distinct populations of leukemia cells within the same patient's bone marrow or blood poses a significant challenge in diagnosing and treating AML. A substantial proportion of AML patients demonstrate resistance to induction chemotherapy and a grim prognosis upon relapse. The rapid advance in next generation sequencing technologies, such as single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq), has revolutionized our understanding of AML pathogenesis by enabling high-resolution interrogation of the cellular heterogeneity in the AML ecosystem, and their transcriptional signatures at a single-cell level. New studies have successfully characterized the inextricably intertwined interactions among AML cells, immune cells and bone marrow microenvironment and their contributions to the AML development, therapeutic resistance and relapse. These findings have deepened and broadened our understanding the complexity and heterogeneity of AML, which are difficult to detect with bulk RNA-seq. This review encapsulates the burgeoning body of knowledge generated through scRNA-seq, providing the novel insights and discoveries it has unveiled in AML biology. Furthermore, we discuss the potential implications of scRNA-seq in therapeutic opportunities, focusing on immunotherapy. Finally, we highlight the current limitations and future direction of scRNA-seq in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbiao Zhou
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Center for Translational Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Center for Cancer Research, Center for Translational Medicine, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wee-Joo Chng
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Center for Translational Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Center for Cancer Research, Center for Translational Medicine, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore (NCIS), The National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore, Singapore
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6
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Sabile JMG, Swords R, Tyner JW. Evaluating targeted therapies in older patients with TP53-mutated AML. Leuk Lymphoma 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38646877 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2024.2344057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Mutation of thetumor suppressor gene, TP53 (tumor protein 53), occurs in up to 15% of all patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and is enriched within specific clinical subsets, most notably in older adults, and including secondary AML cases arising from preceding myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), patients exposed to prior DNA-damaging, cytotoxic therapies. In all cases, these tumors have remained difficult to effectively treat with conventional therapeutic regimens. Newer approaches fortreatmentofTP53-mutated AML have shifted to interventions that maymodulateTP53 function, target downstream molecular vulnerabilities, target non-p53 dependent molecular pathways, and/or elicit immunogenic responses. This review will describe the basic biology of TP53, the clinical and biological patterns of TP53 within myeloid neoplasms with a focus on elderly AML patients and will summarize newer therapeutic strategies and current clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean M G Sabile
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Ronan Swords
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Tyner
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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7
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Hou Z, Ren Y, Zhang X, Huang D, Yan F, Sun W, Zhang W, Zhang Q, Fu X, Lang Z, Chu C, Zou B, Gao B, Jin B, Kang Z, Liu Q, Yan J. EP300-ZNF384 transactivates IL3RA to promote the progression of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:211. [PMID: 38566191 PMCID: PMC10986138 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01596-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The EP300-ZNF384 fusion gene is an oncogenic driver in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). In the present study, we demonstrated that EP300-ZNF384 substantially induces the transcription of IL3RA and the expression of IL3Rα (CD123) on B-ALL cell membranes. Interleukin 3 (IL-3) supplementation promotes the proliferation of EP300-ZNF348-positive B-ALL cells by activating STAT5. Conditional knockdown of IL3RA in EP300-ZF384-positive cells inhibited the proliferation in vitro, and induced a significant increase in overall survival of mice, which is attributed to impaired propagation ability of leukemia cells. Mechanistically, the EP300-ZNF384 fusion protein transactivates the promoter activity of IL3RA by binding to an A-rich sequence localized at -222/-234 of IL3RA. Furthermore, forced EP300-ZNF384 expression induces the expression of IL3Rα on cell membranes and the secretion of IL-3 in CD19-positive B precursor cells derived from healthy individuals. Doxorubicin displayed a selective killing of EP300-ZNF384-positive B-ALL cells in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, we identify IL3RA as a direct downstream target of EP300-ZNF384, suggesting CD123 is a potent biomarker for EP300-ZNF384-driven B-ALL. Targeting CD123 may be a novel therapeutic approach to EP300-ZNF384-positive patients, alternative or, more likely, complementary to standard chemotherapy regimen in clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Hou
- Department of Hematology, Liaoning Medical Center for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116027, China.
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Translational Medicine, Dalian Key Laboratory of hematology, Diamond Bay institute of hematology, Blood Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116027, China.
- Department of Pediatric, Pediatric Oncology and Hematology Center, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116027, China.
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Cancer Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.
| | - Yifei Ren
- Department of Hematology, Liaoning Medical Center for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116027, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Translational Medicine, Dalian Key Laboratory of hematology, Diamond Bay institute of hematology, Blood Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116027, China
- Department of Pediatric, Pediatric Oncology and Hematology Center, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116027, China
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Center of Genome and Personalized Medicine, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Dan Huang
- Department of Hematology, Liaoning Medical Center for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116027, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Translational Medicine, Dalian Key Laboratory of hematology, Diamond Bay institute of hematology, Blood Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116027, China
- Department of Pediatric, Pediatric Oncology and Hematology Center, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116027, China
| | - Fanzhi Yan
- Department of Hematology, Liaoning Medical Center for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116027, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Translational Medicine, Dalian Key Laboratory of hematology, Diamond Bay institute of hematology, Blood Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116027, China
- Department of Pediatric, Pediatric Oncology and Hematology Center, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116027, China
| | - Wentao Sun
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Cancer Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Cancer Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Qingqing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Xihui Fu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Cancer Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Zhenghui Lang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Cancer Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Chenyang Chu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Cancer Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Boyang Zou
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Cancer Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Beibei Gao
- Department of Hematology, Liaoning Medical Center for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116027, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Translational Medicine, Dalian Key Laboratory of hematology, Diamond Bay institute of hematology, Blood Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116027, China
- Department of Pediatric, Pediatric Oncology and Hematology Center, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116027, China
| | - Bilian Jin
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Cancer Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Zhijie Kang
- Department of Hematology, Liaoning Medical Center for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116027, China.
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Translational Medicine, Dalian Key Laboratory of hematology, Diamond Bay institute of hematology, Blood Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116027, China.
- Department of Pediatric, Pediatric Oncology and Hematology Center, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116027, China.
| | - Quentin Liu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Cancer Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.
| | - Jinsong Yan
- Department of Hematology, Liaoning Medical Center for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116027, China.
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Translational Medicine, Dalian Key Laboratory of hematology, Diamond Bay institute of hematology, Blood Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116027, China.
- Department of Pediatric, Pediatric Oncology and Hematology Center, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116027, China.
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8
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Pemmaraju N, Deconinck E, Mehta P, Walker I, Herling M, Garnache-Ottou F, Gabarin N, Campbell CJV, Duell J, Moshe Y, Mughal T, Mohty M, Angelucci E. Recent Advances in the Biology and CD123-Directed Treatment of Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasm. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA, MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2024; 24:e130-e137. [PMID: 38267355 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2023.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is an aggressive myeloid malignancy of the dendritic cell lineage that affects patients of all ages, though the incidence appears to be highest in patients over the age of 60 years. Diagnosis is based on the presence of plasmacytoid dendritic cell precursors expressing CD123, the interleukin-3 (IL-3) receptor alpha, and a distinct histologic appearance. Timely diagnosis remains a challenge, due to lack of disease awareness and overlapping biologic and clinical features with other hematologic malignancies. Prognosis is poor with a median overall survival of 8 to 14 months, irrespective of disease presentation pattern. Historically, the principal treatment was remission induction therapy followed by a stem cell transplant (SCT) in eligible patients. However, bridging to SCT is often not achieved with induction chemotherapy regimens. The discovery that CD123 is universally expressed in BPDCN and is considered to have a pathogenetic role in its development paved the way for the successful introduction of tagraxofusp, a recombinant human IL-3 fused to a truncated diphtheria toxin payload, as an initial treatment for BPDCN. Tagraxofusp was approved in 2018 by the United States Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of patients aged 2 years and older with newly diagnosed and relapsed/refractory BPDCN, and by the European Medicines Agency in 2021 for first-line treatment of adults. The advent of tagraxofusp has opened a new era of precision oncology in the treatment of BPDCN. Herein, we present an overview of BPDCN biology, its diagnosis, and treatment options, illustrated by clinical cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Pemmaraju
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.
| | - Eric Deconinck
- Department of Hematology, CHU Besançon, Besançon Cedex, France; INSERM, UMR1098 RIGHT, Franche-Comté University, Établissement Français du Sang, Besançon, France
| | - Priyanka Mehta
- Department of Haematology, University Hospitals of Bristol and Weston, NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Irwin Walker
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Marco Herling
- Department of Hematology, Cellular Therapy, and Hemostaseology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Francine Garnache-Ottou
- University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Besançon, France; Etablissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Laboratoire d'Hématologie et d'Immunologie Régional, Besançon, France
| | - Nadia Gabarin
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Clinton J V Campbell
- Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Johannes Duell
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II des Universitätsklinikums, Zentrum Innere Medizin (ZIM), Würzburg, Germany
| | - Yakir Moshe
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tariq Mughal
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Consultant to Stemline Therapeutics Inc, New York, NY
| | - Mohamad Mohty
- Department of Hematology and Cellular Therapy, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Emanuele Angelucci
- Hematology and Cellular Therapy, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
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9
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Wysota M, Konopleva M, Mitchell S. Novel Therapeutic Targets in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). Curr Oncol Rep 2024; 26:409-420. [PMID: 38502417 PMCID: PMC11021231 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-024-01503-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review seeks to identify and describe novel genetic and protein targets and their associated therapeutics currently being used or studied in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). RECENT FINDINGS Over the course of the last 5-6 years, several targeted therapies have been approved by the FDA, for the treatment of both newly diagnosed as well as relapsed/refractory AML. These novel therapeutics, as well as several others currently under investigation, have demonstrated activity in AML and have improved outcomes for many patients. Patient outcomes in AML have slowly improved over time, though for many patients, particularly elderly patients or those with relapsed/refractory disease, mortality remains very high. With the identification of several molecular/genetic drivers and protein targets and development of therapeutics which leverage those mechanisms to target leukemic cells, outcomes for patients with AML have improved and continue to improve significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wysota
- Department of Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, 111 East 210 Street, Bronx, NY, 10467, USA.
| | - Marina Konopleva
- Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Jack and Pearl Resnick Campus, Ullmann Building, 1300 Morris Park AvenueRoom 915, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
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10
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Nollmann C, Moskorz W, Wimmenauer C, Jäger PS, Cadeddu RP, Timm J, Heinzel T, Haas R. Characterization of CD34 + Cells from Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) and Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) Using a t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) Protocol. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1320. [PMID: 38610998 PMCID: PMC11010974 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16071320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Using multi-color flow cytometry analysis, we studied the immunophenotypical differences between leukemic cells from patients with AML/MDS and hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) from patients in complete remission (CR) following their successful treatment. The panel of markers included CD34, CD38, CD45RA, CD123 as representatives for a hierarchical hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) classification as well as programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1). Rather than restricting the evaluation on a 2- or 3-dimensional analysis, we applied a t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) approach to obtain deeper insight and segregation between leukemic cells and normal HPSCs. For that purpose, we created a t-SNE map, which resulted in the visualization of 27 cell clusters based on their similarity concerning the composition and intensity of antigen expression. Two of these clusters were "leukemia-related" containing a great proportion of CD34+/CD38- hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) or CD34+ cells with a strong co-expression of CD45RA/CD123, respectively. CD34+ cells within the latter cluster were also highly positive for PD-L1 reflecting their immunosuppressive capacity. Beyond this proof of principle study, the inclusion of additional markers will be helpful to refine the differentiation between normal HSPCs and leukemic cells, particularly in the context of minimal disease detection and antigen-targeted therapeutic interventions. Furthermore, we suggest a protocol for the assignment of new cell ensembles in quantitative terms, via a numerical value, the Pearson coefficient, based on a similarity comparison of the t-SNE pattern with a reference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathrin Nollmann
- Condensed Matter Physics Laboratory, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40204 Düsseldorf, Germany; (C.N.)
| | - Wiebke Moskorz
- Institute of Virology, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40204 Düsseldorf, Germany (J.T.)
| | - Christian Wimmenauer
- Condensed Matter Physics Laboratory, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40204 Düsseldorf, Germany; (C.N.)
| | - Paul S. Jäger
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (P.S.J.)
| | - Ron P. Cadeddu
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (P.S.J.)
| | - Jörg Timm
- Institute of Virology, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40204 Düsseldorf, Germany (J.T.)
| | - Thomas Heinzel
- Condensed Matter Physics Laboratory, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40204 Düsseldorf, Germany; (C.N.)
| | - Rainer Haas
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (P.S.J.)
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11
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Ling RE, Cross JW, Roy A. Aberrant stem cell and developmental programs in pediatric leukemia. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1372899. [PMID: 38601080 PMCID: PMC11004259 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1372899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Hematopoiesis is a finely orchestrated process, whereby hematopoietic stem cells give rise to all mature blood cells. Crucially, they maintain the ability to self-renew and/or differentiate to replenish downstream progeny. This process starts at an embryonic stage and continues throughout the human lifespan. Blood cancers such as leukemia occur when normal hematopoiesis is disrupted, leading to uncontrolled proliferation and a block in differentiation of progenitors of a particular lineage (myeloid or lymphoid). Although normal stem cell programs are crucial for tissue homeostasis, these can be co-opted in many cancers, including leukemia. Myeloid or lymphoid leukemias often display stem cell-like properties that not only allow proliferation and survival of leukemic blasts but also enable them to escape treatments currently employed to treat patients. In addition, some leukemias, especially in children, have a fetal stem cell profile, which may reflect the developmental origins of the disease. Aberrant fetal stem cell programs necessary for leukemia maintenance are particularly attractive therapeutic targets. Understanding how hijacked stem cell programs lead to aberrant gene expression in place and time, and drive the biology of leukemia, will help us develop the best treatment strategies for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E. Ling
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Joe W. Cross
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anindita Roy
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom
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12
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Bai Y, Sun X, Li M, Niu X, Cao W, Niu J, Xiao X, Chen Y, Sun K. CD7-positive leukemic blasts with DNMT3A mutations predict poor prognosis in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1342998. [PMID: 38577341 PMCID: PMC10991683 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1342998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background DNMT3A mutations can be detected in premalignant hematopoietic stem cells and are primarily associated with clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential; however, current evidence does not support assigning them to a distinct European Leukemia Net (ELN) prognostic risk stratification. CD7 is a lymphoid antigen expressed on blasts in approximately 30% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and its role in AML remains unclear and depends on subgroup evaluation. This study investigated the prognostic value of DNMT3A mutation combined with CD7 expression in AML. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 297 newly diagnosed non-M3 AML patients. According to the DNMT3A mutation and CD7 expression in AML cells, patients were divided into the DNMT3A-mutated/CD7-positive (CD7+), DNMT3A-mutated/CD7-negative (CD7-), DNMT3A-wild-type/CD7+, and DNMT3A-wild-type/CD7- groups. Results The DNMT3A-mutated/CD7+ group had lower complete remission rates and higher relapse rates. Importantly, these patients had significantly shorter overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS). Furthermore, multivariate analysis showed that CD7+ with DNMT3A mutation was an independent risk factor for OS and RFS. Conclusion CD7+ with DNMT3A mutation predicts a poor prognosis in AML patients, and the immunophenotype combined with molecular genetic markers can help to further refine the current risk stratification of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanliang Bai
- Department of Hematology, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital and Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaobai Sun
- Department of Hematology, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital and Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengyi Li
- Department of Hematology, Nanyang Second General Hospital, Nanyang, China
| | - Xiaona Niu
- Department of Hematology, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital and Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weijie Cao
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junwei Niu
- Department of Hematology, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital and Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xingjun Xiao
- Department of Hematology, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital and Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuqing Chen
- Department of Hematology, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital and Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kai Sun
- Department of Hematology, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital and Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Hematology, Beijing JiShuiTan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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13
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Stafylidis C, Vlachopoulou D, Kontandreopoulou CN, Diamantopoulos PΤ. Unmet Horizons: Assessing the Challenges in the Treatment of TP53-Mutated Acute Myeloid Leukemia. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1082. [PMID: 38398394 PMCID: PMC10889132 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13041082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains a challenging hematologic malignancy. The presence of TP53 mutations in AML poses a therapeutic challenge, considering that standard treatments face significant setbacks in achieving meaningful responses. There is a pressing need for the development of innovative treatment modalities to overcome resistance to conventional treatments attributable to the unique biology of TP53-mutated (TP53mut) AML. This review underscores the role of TP53 mutations in AML, examines the current landscape of treatment options, and highlights novel therapeutic approaches, including targeted therapies, combination regimens, and emerging immunotherapies, as well as agents being explored in preclinical studies according to their potential to address the unique hurdles posed by TP53mut AML.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Panagiotis Τ. Diamantopoulos
- Hematology Unit, First Department of Internal Medicine, Laikon General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (C.S.); (D.V.); (C.-N.K.)
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14
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Lane AA, Garcia JS, Raulston EG, Garzon JL, Galinsky I, Baxter EW, Leonard R, DeAngelo DJ, Luskin MR, Reilly CR, Stahl M, Stone RM, Vedula RS, Wadleigh MM, Winer ES, Mughal T, Brooks C, Gupta IV, Stevenson KE, Neuberg DS, Ren S, Keating J, Konopleva M, Stein A, Pemmaraju N. Phase 1b trial of tagraxofusp in combination with azacitidine with or without venetoclax in acute myeloid leukemia. Blood Adv 2024; 8:591-602. [PMID: 38052038 PMCID: PMC10837492 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023011721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT CD123, a subunit of the interleukin-3 receptor, is expressed on ∼80% of acute myeloid leukemias (AMLs). Tagraxofusp (TAG), recombinant interleukin-3 fused to a truncated diphtheria toxin payload, is a first-in-class drug targeting CD123 approved for treatment of blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm. We previously found that AMLs with acquired resistance to TAG were re-sensitized by the DNA hypomethylating agent azacitidine (AZA) and that TAG-exposed cells became more dependent on the antiapoptotic molecule BCL-2. Here, we report a phase 1b study in 56 adults with CD123-positive AML or high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), first combining TAG with AZA in AML/MDS, and subsequently TAG, AZA, and the BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax (VEN) in AML. Adverse events with 3-day TAG dosing were as expected, without indication of increased toxicity of TAG or AZA+/-VEN in combination. The recommended phase 2 dose of TAG was 12 μg/kg/day for 3 days, with 7-day AZA +/- 21-day VEN. In an expansion cohort of 26 patients (median age 71) with previously untreated European LeukemiaNet adverse-risk AML (50% TP53 mutated), triplet TAG-AZA-VEN induced response in 69% (n=18/26; 39% complete remission [CR], 19% complete remission with incomplete count recovery [CRi], 12% morphologic leukemia-free state [MLFS]). Among 13 patients with TP53 mutations, 7/13 (54%) achieved CR/CRi/MLFS (CR = 4, CRi = 2, MLFS = 1). Twelve of 17 (71%) tested responders had no flow measurable residual disease. Median overall survival and progression-free survival were 14 months (95% CI, 9.5-NA) and 8.5 months (95% CI, 5.1-NA), respectively. In summary, TAG-AZA-VEN shows encouraging safety and activity in high-risk AML, including TP53-mutated disease, supporting further clinical development of TAG combinations. The study was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov as #NCT03113643.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew A. Lane
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jacqueline S. Garcia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Evangeline G. Raulston
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jada L. Garzon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ilene Galinsky
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Emilie W. Baxter
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Rebecca Leonard
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Daniel J. DeAngelo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Marlise R. Luskin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Christopher R. Reilly
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Maximilian Stahl
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Richard M. Stone
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Rahul S. Vedula
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Martha M. Wadleigh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Eric S. Winer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Tariq Mughal
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
- Stemline Therapeutics, New York, NY
| | | | | | | | - Donna S. Neuberg
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Siyang Ren
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Julia Keating
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Marina Konopleva
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Anthony Stein
- Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Naveen Pemmaraju
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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15
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Song J, Li W, Bai Y, Zhou P, Niu J, Niu X, Liu Y, Liu X, Drokow EK, Sun K, Zhou H. A blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm-like immunophenotype is negatively associated with CEBPA bZIP mutation and predicts unfavorable prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia. Ann Hematol 2024; 103:463-473. [PMID: 38183444 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-023-05594-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is a rare and aggressive myeloid malignancy which characteristically expresses an atypical phenotype including CD123+, CD56+, and CD4+. We are aimed to investigate the clinical and prognostic characteristics of AML patients exhibiting BPDCN-like immunophenotype and provide additional insights for risk stratification of AML. A total of 241 newly diagnosed AML patients were enrolled in this retrospective study and categorized into BPDCN-like positive (n = 125)/negative (n = 116) groups, determined by the present with CD123+ along with either CD56+ or CD4+, or both. Subsequently, an analysis was conducted to examine the general clinical characteristics, genetic profiles, and prognosis of the two respective groups. Patients with BPDCN-like immunophenotype manifested higher frequencies of acute myelomonocytic leukemia and acute monoblastic leukemia. Surprisingly, the presence of the BPDCN-like immunophenotype exhibited an inverse relationship with CEBPA bZIP mutation. Notably, patients with BPDCN-like phenotype had both worse OS and EFS compared to those without BPDCN-like phenotype. In the CN-AML subgroups, the BPDCN-like phenotype was associated with worse EFS. Similarly, a statistically significant disparity was observed in both OS and EFS within the favorable-risk subgroup, while only OS was significant within the adverse-risk subgrouMoreover, patients possessing favorable-risk genetics without BPDCN-like phenotype had the longest survival, whereas those who had both adverse-risk genetics and BPDCN-like phenotype exhibited the worst survival. Our study indicated that BPDCN-like phenotype negatively associated with CEBPA bZIP mutation and revealed a significantly poor prognosis in AML. Moreover, the 2022 ELN classification, in combination with the BPDCN-like phenotype, may better distinguish between different risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Song
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Tumor Hospital of Henan Province, Institute of Hematology of Henan Province, No.127 Dongming Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiya Li
- Department of Hematology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital and Henan Provincial People's Hospital, No.7 Weiwu Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanliang Bai
- Department of Hematology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital and Henan Provincial People's Hospital, No.7 Weiwu Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital and Henan Provincial People's Hospital, No.7 Weiwu Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Junwei Niu
- Department of Hematology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital and Henan Provincial People's Hospital, No.7 Weiwu Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaona Niu
- Department of Hematology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital and Henan Provincial People's Hospital, No.7 Weiwu Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Hematology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital and Henan Provincial People's Hospital, No.7 Weiwu Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Liu
- Department of Hematology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital and Henan Provincial People's Hospital, No.7 Weiwu Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Emmanuel Kwateng Drokow
- Department of Hematology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital and Henan Provincial People's Hospital, No.7 Weiwu Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Sun
- Department of Hematology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital and Henan Provincial People's Hospital, No.7 Weiwu Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hu Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Tumor Hospital of Henan Province, Institute of Hematology of Henan Province, No.127 Dongming Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Thompson EJ, Escarbe S, Tvorogov D, Farshid G, Gregory PA, Khew-Goodall Y, Madden S, Ingman WV, Lindeman GJ, Lim E, Lopez AF, Bonder CS. Interleukin-3 production by basal-like breast cancer cells is associated with poor prognosis. Growth Factors 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38299881 DOI: 10.1080/08977194.2023.2297693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer represents a collection of pathologies with different molecular subtypes, histopathology, risk factors, clinical behavior, and responses to treatment. "Basal-like" breast cancers predominantly lack the receptors for estrogen and progesterone (ER/PR), lack amplification of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) but account for 10-15% of all breast cancers, are largely insensitive to targeted treatment and represent a disproportionate number of metastatic cases and deaths. Analysis of interleukin (IL)-3 and the IL-3 receptor subunits (IL-3RA + CSF2RB) reveals elevated expression in predominantly the basal-like group. Further analysis suggests that IL-3 itself, but not the IL-3 receptor subunits, associates with poor patient outcome. Histology on patient-derived xenografts supports the notion that breast cancer cells are a significant source of IL-3 that may promote disease progression. Taken together, these observations suggest that IL-3 may be a useful marker in solid tumors, particularly triple negative breast cancer, and warrants further investigation into its contribution to disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma J Thompson
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Samantha Escarbe
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Denis Tvorogov
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Gelareh Farshid
- BreastScreen SA and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Philip A Gregory
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Yeesim Khew-Goodall
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Wendy V Ingman
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- The Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Geoffrey J Lindeman
- Cancer Biology and Stem Cells Division, Walter, Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Elgene Lim
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and St. Vincent"s Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst,Australia
| | - Angel F Lopez
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Claudine S Bonder
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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17
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Bian W, Wang L, Li J, Cui S, Wu W, Fan R, Niu J. Comparison of reduced field-of-view DWI and conventional DWI techniques for the assessment of lumbar bone marrow infiltration in patients with acute leukemia. Front Oncol 2024; 13:1321080. [PMID: 38260859 PMCID: PMC10800863 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1321080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives To compare the imaging quality, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and the value of assessing bone marrow infiltration between reduced field-of-view diffusion-weighted imaging (r-FOV DWI) and conventional DWI in the lumbar spine of acute leukemia (AL). Methods Patients with newly diagnosed AL were recruited and underwent both r-FOV DWI and conventional DWI in the lumbar spine. Two radiologists evaluated image quality scores using 5-Likert-type scales qualitatively and measured signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise (CNR), signal intensity ratio (SIR), and ADC quantitatively. Patients were divided into hypo- and normocellular group, moderately hypercellular group, and severely hypercellular group according to bone marrow cellularity (BMC) obtained from bone marrow biopsies. The image quality parameters and ADC value between the two sequences were compared. One-way analysis of variance followed by LSD post hoc test was used for the comparisons of the ADC values among the three groups. The performance of ADC obtained with r-FOV DWI (ADCr) and conventional DWI(ADCc) in evaluating BMC and their correlations with BMC and white blood cells (WBC) were analyzed and compared. Results 71 AL patients (hypo- and normocellular: n=20; moderately hypercellular: n=19; severely hypercellular: n=32) were evaluated. The image quality scores, CNR, SIR, and ADC value of r-FOV DWI were significantly higher than those of conventional DWI (all p<0.05), and the SNR of r-FOV DWI was significantly lower (p<0.001). ADCr showed statistical differences in all pairwise comparisons among the three groups (all p<0.05), while ADCc showed significant difference only between hypo- and normocellular group and severely hypercellular group (p=0.014). The performance of ADCr in evaluating BMC (Z=2.380, p=0.017) and its correlations with BMC (Z=-2.008, p = 0.045) and WBC (Z=-2.022, p = 0.043) were significantly higher than those of ADCc. Conclusion Compared with conventional DWI, r-FOV DWI provides superior image quality of the lumbar spine in AL patients, thus yielding better performance in assessing bone marrow infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjin Bian
- Department of Medical Imaging, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Department of Radiology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Luyao Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jianting Li
- Department of Radiology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Sha Cui
- Department of Radiology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Wenqi Wu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Rong Fan
- Department of Radiology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jinliang Niu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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18
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Zhang J, Huang Q, Bian W, Wang J, Guan H, Niu J. Imaging Techniques and Clinical Application of the Marrow-Blood Barrier in Hematological Malignancies. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 14:18. [PMID: 38201327 PMCID: PMC10795601 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The pathways through which mature blood cells in the bone marrow (BM) enter the blood stream and exit the BM, hematopoietic stem cells in the peripheral blood return to the BM, and other substances exit the BM are referred to as the marrow-blood barrier (MBB). This barrier plays an important role in the restrictive sequestration of blood cells, the release of mature blood cells, and the entry and exit of particulate matter. In some blood diseases and tumors, the presence of immature cells in the blood suggests that the MBB is damaged, mainly manifesting as increased permeability, especially in angiogenesis. Some imaging methods have been used to monitor the integrity and permeability of the MBB, such as DCE-MRI, IVIM, ASL, BOLD-MRI, and microfluidic devices, which contribute to understanding the process of related diseases and developing appropriate treatment options. In this review, we briefly introduce the theory of MBB imaging modalities along with their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianling Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan 030001, China; (J.Z.); (Q.H.); (W.B.)
| | - Qianqian Huang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan 030001, China; (J.Z.); (Q.H.); (W.B.)
| | - Wenjin Bian
- Department of Medical Imaging, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan 030001, China; (J.Z.); (Q.H.); (W.B.)
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 382 Wuyi Road, Taiyuan 030001, China;
| | - Haonan Guan
- MR Research China, GE Healthcare, Beijing 100176, China;
| | - Jinliang Niu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 382 Wuyi Road, Taiyuan 030001, China;
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19
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Canichella M, Molica M, Mazzone C, de Fabritiis P. Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: State of the Art and Recent Advances. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:42. [PMID: 38201469 PMCID: PMC10777995 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptors (CAR)-T-cell therapy represents the most important innovation in onco-hematology in recent years. The progress achieved in the management of complications and the latest generations of CAR-T-cells have made it possible to anticipate in second-line the indication of this type of treatment in large B-cell lymphoma. While some types of B-cell lymphomas and B-cell acute lymphoid leukemia have shown extremely promising results, the same cannot be said for myeloid leukemias-in particular, acute myeloid leukemia (AML), which would require innovative therapies more than any other blood disease. The heterogeneities of AML cells and the immunological complexity of the interactions between the bone marrow microenvironment and leukemia cells have been found to be major obstacles to the clinical development of CAR-T in AML. In this review, we report on the main results obtained in AML clinical trials, the preclinical studies testing potential CAR-T constructs, and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Canichella
- Hematology, St. Eugenio Hospital, ASL Roma2, 00144 Rome, Italy; (C.M.); (P.d.F.)
| | - Matteo Molica
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Pugliese-Ciaccio, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Carla Mazzone
- Hematology, St. Eugenio Hospital, ASL Roma2, 00144 Rome, Italy; (C.M.); (P.d.F.)
| | - Paolo de Fabritiis
- Hematology, St. Eugenio Hospital, ASL Roma2, 00144 Rome, Italy; (C.M.); (P.d.F.)
- Department of Biomedicina e Prevenzione, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy
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20
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Boyiadzis M, Hong CS, Yerneni S, Im A, Diergaarde B, Whiteside TL. Blast-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles in the Plasma of Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia Predict Responses to Chemotherapy. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3236. [PMID: 38137457 PMCID: PMC10740822 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The small extracellular vesicles (sEV) accumulating in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients' plasma are mixtures of vesicles produced by leukemic and non-malignant cells. sEV originating from leukemia blasts could serve as potential non-invasive biomarkers of AML response to therapy. To isolate blast-derived sEV from patients' plasma, we developed a bioprinted microarray-based immunoassay using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific for leukemia-associated antigens (LAAs) and mAbs specific for a mix of tetraspanins (CD9, CD63, and CD81). We determined the proportion of LAA+ sEV relative to total plasma sEV (the LAA+/total sEV ratio) in serially collected samples of newly diagnosed AML patients prior to, during, and after chemotherapy. At AML diagnosis, the LAA+/total sEV ratio was significantly higher in patients than in healthy donors (HDs). In patients who achieved complete remission (CR) after induction chemotherapy, the LAA+/total sEV ratios significantly decreased after each chemotherapy cycle to levels seen in HDs. In contrast, the LAA+/total sEV ratios in AML patients with persistent leukemia after therapy remained elevated during and after therapy, as did the percentage of leukemic blasts in these patients' bone marrows. The LAA+/total sEV ratio emerges as a promising non-invasive biomarker of leukemia response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Boyiadzis
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Chang-Sook Hong
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | | | - Annie Im
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Brenda Diergaarde
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Theresa L. Whiteside
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
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21
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Cummins K, Gill S. Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2023; 37:1125-1147. [PMID: 37442676 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Up to 30% of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who undergo chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy have evidence of response, although trials are highly heterogeneous. These responses are rarely deep or durable. CD123, CD33, and CLL-1 have emerged as the most common targets for CAR T cells in AML. CAR T cells against myeloid antigens cause myeloablation as well as cytokine release syndrome, although neurotoxicity is rarely seen. Future efforts should focus on AML-specific antigen discovery or engineering, and on further enhancing the activity of CAR T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Cummins
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Saar Gill
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 8-101 Smilow Center for Translational Research, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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22
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Ravandi F, Bashey A, Foran J, Stock W, Mawad R, Short N, Yilmaz M, Kantarjian H, Odenike O, Patel A, Garcha R, Ainsworth WB, Clynes R, Kanodia J, Ding Y, Li H, Kye S, Mims A. Phase 1 study of vibecotamab identifies an optimized dose for treatment of relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia. Blood Adv 2023; 7:6492-6505. [PMID: 37647601 PMCID: PMC10632668 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023010956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), an aggressive malignancy with unmet medical need, lacks immunotherapeutic options. CD123, the cellular receptor for interleukin-3, expressed in AML is an attractive target for tumor-specific therapy. Vibecotamab (XmAb14045), a humanized bispecific antibody, monovalently binds both CD3 and CD123 to recruit cytotoxic T cells to kill CD123+ tumor cells. This phase 1 study's primary objectives were safety and tolerability and identification of a maximum tolerated dose/recommended dose for use as monotherapy in patients with relapsed/refractory AML. Identification of a recommended phase 2 vibecotamab dose comprised 3 step-up doses (Week 1), which were noted to reduce cytokine response syndrome (CRS), followed by weekly dosing (1.7 μg/kg, Cohort -1D). In 16 of 120 patients, at least 1 treatment-emergent adverse event was classified as a dose-limiting toxicity. CRS, the most common adverse event (59.2%), managed with premedication, were mostly ≤grade 2. A secondary objective was assessment of efficacy in patients with CD123-expressing leukemias. A total of 10 of 111 (9.0%) efficacy-evaluable patients with AML achieved an overall response of morphologic leukemia-free state or better with an overall objective response rate (ORR) of 9.0%. Response was only observed in patients receiving a target dose of 0.75 μg/kg or higher (n = 87) in which the efficacy-evaluable ORR was 11.5%. Response was associated with lower baseline blast counts in blood and bone marrow (<25%) suggesting potential benefit. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT02730312.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Ravandi
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Asad Bashey
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program at Northside Hospital, Atlanta, GA
| | - James Foran
- Department of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Wendy Stock
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, The University of Chicago Department of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Nicholas Short
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Musa Yilmaz
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Hagop Kantarjian
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Olatoyosi Odenike
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, The University of Chicago Department of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Anand Patel
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, The University of Chicago Department of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alice Mims
- Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, OH
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23
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Sakamoto K, Baba S, Okumura Y, Momose S, Ono S, Tonooka A, Ichinohasama R, Takakuwa E, Nakasone H, Ohshima K, Takeuchi K. Comparison and Development of Immunohistochemical Diagnostic Criteria for Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasm. Mod Pathol 2023; 36:100253. [PMID: 37380058 DOI: 10.1016/j.modpat.2023.100253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is a rare hematological malignancy derived from the precursors of plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Diagnostic criteria for BPDCN have not been fully established. BPDCN is often diagnosed without other BPDCN markers than the 3 conventional markers (CD4, CD56, and CD123) in practice and case reports, although acute myeloid leukemia/myeloid sarcoma (AML/MS), which is always considered in the differential diagnosis of BPDCN, can express them. We reviewed published case reports on BPDCN and found that the diagnosis was made without any other BPDCN markers than the conventional markers in two-thirds of the cases. Next, 4 representative existing diagnostic criteria were applied to 284 cases of our cohort of BPDCN and mimics. The results differed in 20% (56/284) of the cases. The criterion based on the 3 conventional markers alone had a low concordance rate (80%-82%) with the other 3 criteria, which were almost concordant with each other. However, newly found minor limitations in these criteria prompted us to devise new diagnostic criterion for BPDCN composed of TCF4, CD123, TCL1, and lysozyme. We also revealed that CD123-positive AML/MS patients had a significantly poorer outcome than those with BPDCN and that 12% (24/205) of the cases were non-BPDCN even if all 3 conventional markers were positive, thus clarifying the risk of diagnosing BPDCN without more specific markers. In addition, histopathological features, such as the reticular pattern, which is not seen in BPDCN and suggests AML/MS, were also identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Sakamoto
- Pathology Project for Molecular Targets, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Pathology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoko Baba
- Pathology Project for Molecular Targets, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Pathology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuka Okumura
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shuji Momose
- Department of Pathology, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Sawako Ono
- Department of Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Akiko Tonooka
- Division of Pathology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Ichinohasama
- Division of Hematopathology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Emi Takakuwa
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hideki Nakasone
- Division of Hematology, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Koichi Ohshima
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University, School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Kengo Takeuchi
- Pathology Project for Molecular Targets, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Pathology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan; Clinical Pathology Center, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan.
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24
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Omer MH, Shafqat A, Ahmad O, Alkattan K, Yaqinuddin A, Damlaj M. Bispecific Antibodies in Hematological Malignancies: A Scoping Review. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4550. [PMID: 37760519 PMCID: PMC10526328 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bispecific T-cell engagers (BiTEs) and bispecific antibodies (BiAbs) have revolutionized the treatment landscape of hematological malignancies. By directing T cells towards specific tumor antigens, BiTEs and BiAbs facilitate the T-cell-mediated lysis of neoplastic cells. The success of blinatumomab, a CD19xCD3 BiTE, in acute lymphoblastic leukemia spearheaded the expansive development of BiTEs/BiAbs in the context of hematological neoplasms. Nearly a decade later, numerous BiTEs/BiAbs targeting a range of tumor-associated antigens have transpired in the treatment of multiple myeloma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, acute myelogenous leukemia, and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. However, despite their generally favorable safety profiles, particular toxicities such as infections, cytokine release syndrome, myelosuppression, and neurotoxicity after BiAb/BiTE therapy raise valid concerns. Moreover, target antigen loss and the immunosuppressive microenvironment of hematological neoplasms facilitate resistance towards BiTEs/BiAbs. This review aims to highlight the most recent evidence from clinical trials evaluating the safety and efficacy of BiAbs/BiTEs. Additionally, the review will provide mechanistic insights into the limitations of BiAbs whilst outlining practical applications and strategies to overcome these limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H. Omer
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4YS, UK
| | - Areez Shafqat
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.); (O.A.); (K.A.); (A.Y.)
| | - Omar Ahmad
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.); (O.A.); (K.A.); (A.Y.)
| | - Khaled Alkattan
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.); (O.A.); (K.A.); (A.Y.)
| | - Ahmed Yaqinuddin
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.); (O.A.); (K.A.); (A.Y.)
| | - Moussab Damlaj
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 11001, United Arab Emirates;
- College of Medicine, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
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25
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Riva C, Vernarecci C, Minetto P, Goda R, Greppi M, Pesce S, Chies M, Zecchetti G, Ferro B, Maio E, Cea M, Lemoli RM, Marcenaro E, Guolo F. Harnessing Immune Response in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5824. [PMID: 37762763 PMCID: PMC10532363 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12185824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the results achieved with the evolution of conventional chemotherapy and the inclusion of targeted therapies in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), survival is still not satisfying, in particular in the setting of relapsed/refractory (R/R) disease or elderly/unfit patients. Among the most innovative therapeutic options, cellular therapy has shown great results in different hematological malignancies such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia and lymphomas, with several products already approved for clinical use. However, despite the great interest in also expanding the application of these new treatments to R/R AML, no product has been approved yet for clinical application. Furthermore, cellular therapy could indeed represent a powerful tool and an appealing alternative to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for ineligible patients. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the most recent clinical research exploring the effectiveness of cellular therapy in AML, moving from consolidated approaches such as post- transplant donor's lymphocytes infusion, to modern adoptive immunotherapies such as alloreactive NK cell infusions, engineered T and NK cells (CAR-T, CAR-NK) and novel platforms of T and NK cells engaging (i.e., BiTEs, DARTs and ANKETTM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola Riva
- Clinic of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (C.R.); (C.V.); (M.C.); (G.Z.); (B.F.); (E.M.); (M.C.); (R.M.L.); (F.G.)
| | - Chiara Vernarecci
- Clinic of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (C.R.); (C.V.); (M.C.); (G.Z.); (B.F.); (E.M.); (M.C.); (R.M.L.); (F.G.)
| | - Paola Minetto
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy;
| | - Rayan Goda
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (R.G.); (M.G.); (S.P.)
| | - Marco Greppi
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (R.G.); (M.G.); (S.P.)
| | - Silvia Pesce
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (R.G.); (M.G.); (S.P.)
| | - Maria Chies
- Clinic of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (C.R.); (C.V.); (M.C.); (G.Z.); (B.F.); (E.M.); (M.C.); (R.M.L.); (F.G.)
| | - Giada Zecchetti
- Clinic of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (C.R.); (C.V.); (M.C.); (G.Z.); (B.F.); (E.M.); (M.C.); (R.M.L.); (F.G.)
| | - Beatrice Ferro
- Clinic of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (C.R.); (C.V.); (M.C.); (G.Z.); (B.F.); (E.M.); (M.C.); (R.M.L.); (F.G.)
| | - Elena Maio
- Clinic of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (C.R.); (C.V.); (M.C.); (G.Z.); (B.F.); (E.M.); (M.C.); (R.M.L.); (F.G.)
| | - Michele Cea
- Clinic of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (C.R.); (C.V.); (M.C.); (G.Z.); (B.F.); (E.M.); (M.C.); (R.M.L.); (F.G.)
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy;
| | - Roberto Massimo Lemoli
- Clinic of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (C.R.); (C.V.); (M.C.); (G.Z.); (B.F.); (E.M.); (M.C.); (R.M.L.); (F.G.)
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy;
| | - Emanuela Marcenaro
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy;
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (R.G.); (M.G.); (S.P.)
| | - Fabio Guolo
- Clinic of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (C.R.); (C.V.); (M.C.); (G.Z.); (B.F.); (E.M.); (M.C.); (R.M.L.); (F.G.)
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy;
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26
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Gauthier L, Virone-Oddos A, Beninga J, Rossi B, Nicolazzi C, Amara C, Blanchard-Alvarez A, Gourdin N, Courta J, Basset A, Agnel M, Guillot F, Grondin G, Bonnevaux H, Bauchet AL, Morel A, Morel Y, Chiron M, Vivier E. Control of acute myeloid leukemia by a trifunctional NKp46-CD16a-NK cell engager targeting CD123. Nat Biotechnol 2023; 41:1296-1306. [PMID: 36635380 PMCID: PMC10497414 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-022-01626-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
CD123, the alpha chain of the IL-3 receptor, is an attractive target for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treatment. However, cytotoxic antibodies or T cell engagers targeting CD123 had insufficient efficacy or safety in clinical trials. We show that expression of CD64, the high-affinity receptor for human IgG, on AML blasts confers resistance to anti-CD123 antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC) in vitro. We engineer a trifunctional natural killer cell engager (NKCE) that targets CD123 on AML blasts and NKp46 and CD16a on NK cells (CD123-NKCE). CD123-NKCE has potent antitumor activity against primary AML blasts regardless of CD64 expression and induces NK cell activation and cytokine secretion only in the presence of AML cells. Its antitumor activity in a mouse CD123+ tumor model exceeds that of the benchmark ADCC-enhanced antibody. In nonhuman primates, it had prolonged pharmacodynamic effects, depleting CD123+ cells for more than 10 days with no signs of toxicity and very low inflammatory cytokine induction over a large dose range. These results support clinical development of CD123-NKCE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Céline Amara
- Sanofi Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Chilly Mazarin, France
| | | | | | - Jacqueline Courta
- Sanofi TMED Biomarkers and Clinical Bioanalysis, Chilly Mazarin, France
| | | | - Magali Agnel
- Sanofi Global Project Management, Vitry sur-Seine, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Eric Vivier
- Innate Pharma, Marseille, France.
- Aix-Marseille University, Centre of National Scientific Research (CNRS), National Insititute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Centre of Immunology at Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Marseille, France.
- APHM, Marseille-Immunopole, University Hospital of Timone, Marseille, France.
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27
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Koh HB, Kim HJ, Kang SW, Yoo TH. Exosome-Based Drug Delivery: Translation from Bench to Clinic. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2042. [PMID: 37631256 PMCID: PMC10459753 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosome-based drug delivery is emerging as a promising field with the potential to revolutionize therapeutic interventions. Exosomes, which are small extracellular vesicles released by various cell types, have attracted significant attention due to their unique properties and natural ability to transport bioactive molecules. These nano-sized vesicles, ranging in size from 30 to 150 nm, can effectively transport a variety of cargoes, including proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. Compared to traditional drug delivery systems, exosomes exhibit unique biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, and reduced toxicity. In addition, exosomes can be designed and tailored to improve targeting efficiency, cargo loading capacity, and stability, paving the way for personalized medicine and precision therapy. However, despite the promising potential of exosome-based drug delivery, its clinical application remains challenging due to limitations in exosome isolation and purification, low loading efficiency of therapeutic cargoes, insufficient targeted delivery, and rapid elimination in circulation. This comprehensive review focuses on the transition of exosome-based drug delivery from the bench to clinic, highlighting key aspects, such as exosome structure and biogenesis, cargo loading methods, surface engineering techniques, and clinical applications. It also discusses challenges and prospects in this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Byung Koh
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, International Saint Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Seo-gu, Incheon 22711, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyo Jeong Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06273, Republic of Korea;
| | - Shin-Wook Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hyun Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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28
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Wang Y, Tang X, Zhu Y, Yang XX, Liu B. Role of interleukins in acute myeloid leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2023; 64:1400-1413. [PMID: 37259867 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2023.2218508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematological malignancy with strong heterogeneity. Immune disorders are a feature of various malignancies, including AML. Interleukins (ILs) and other cytokines participate in a series of biological processes of immune disorders in the microenvironment, and serve as a bridge for communication between various cellular components in the immune system. The role of ILs in AML is complex and pleiotropic. It can not only play an anti-AML role by enhancing anti-leukemia immunity and directly inducing AML cell apoptosis, but also promote the growth, proliferation and drug resistance of AML. These properties of ILs can be used to explore their potential efficacy in disease monitoring, prognosis assessment, and development of new treatment strategies for AML. This review aims to clarify some of the complex roles of ILs in AML and their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiao Tang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Yang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bei Liu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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29
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Pessoa FMCDP, Machado CB, Barreto IV, Sampaio GF, Oliveira DDS, Ribeiro RM, Lopes GS, de Moraes MEA, de Moraes Filho MO, de Souza LEB, Khayat AS, Moreira-Nunes CA. Association between Immunophenotypic Parameters and Molecular Alterations in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041098. [PMID: 37189716 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematologic malignancy that occurs due to alterations such as genetic mutations, chromosomal translocations, or changes in molecular levels. These alterations can accumulate in stem cells and hematopoietic progenitors, leading to the development of AML, which has a prevalence of 80% of acute leukemias in the adult population. Recurrent cytogenetic abnormalities, in addition to mediating leukemogenesis onset, participate in its evolution and can be used as established diagnostic and prognostic markers. Most of these mutations confer resistance to the traditionally used treatments and, therefore, the aberrant protein products are also considered therapeutic targets. The surface antigens of a cell are characterized through immunophenotyping, which has the ability to identify and differentiate the degrees of maturation and the lineage of the target cell, whether benign or malignant. With this, we seek to establish a relationship according to the molecular aberrations and immunophenotypic alterations that cells with AML present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Melo Cunha de Pinho Pessoa
- Department of Medicine, Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60430-275, CE, Brazil
| | - Caio Bezerra Machado
- Department of Medicine, Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60430-275, CE, Brazil
| | - Igor Valentim Barreto
- Department of Medicine, Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60430-275, CE, Brazil
| | - Giulia Freire Sampaio
- Unichristus University Center, Faculty of Biomedicine, Fortaleza 60430-275, CE, Brazil
| | | | | | - Germison Silva Lopes
- Department of Hematology, César Cals General Hospital, Fortaleza 60015-152, CE, Brazil
| | - Maria Elisabete Amaral de Moraes
- Department of Medicine, Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60430-275, CE, Brazil
| | - Manoel Odorico de Moraes Filho
- Department of Medicine, Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60430-275, CE, Brazil
| | - Lucas Eduardo Botelho de Souza
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14040-900, SP, Brazil
| | - André Salim Khayat
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oncology Research Center, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66073-005, PA, Brazil
| | - Caroline Aquino Moreira-Nunes
- Department of Medicine, Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60430-275, CE, Brazil
- Unichristus University Center, Faculty of Biomedicine, Fortaleza 60430-275, CE, Brazil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oncology Research Center, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66073-005, PA, Brazil
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30
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Boyiadzis M, Desai P, Daskalakis N, Donnellan W, Ferrante L, Goldberg JD, Grunwald MR, Guttke C, Li X, Perez-Simon JA, Salamero O, Tucker T, Xu X, Yang J, Pemmaraju N, Alonso-Dominguez JM. First-in-human study of JNJ-63709178, a CD123/CD3 targeting antibody, in relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia. Clin Transl Sci 2023; 16:429-435. [PMID: 36564917 PMCID: PMC10014690 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to identify a recommended phase II dose and evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics, and preliminary clinical activity of JNJ-63709178, a CD123/CD3 dual-targeting antibody, in patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia. Intravenous (i.v.) and subcutaneous (s.c.) administration of JNJ-63709178 were evaluated. The i.v. infusions were administered once every 2 weeks (cohorts 1-5 [n = 17]) or twice weekly (cohorts 6-11 [n = 36]). A twice-weekly s.c. dosing regimen with step-up dosing was also studied (s.c. cohorts 1-2 [n = 9]). Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) greater than or equal to grade 3 were observed in 11 (65%) patients in cohorts 1-5 and 33 (92%) patients in cohorts 6-11. At the highest i.v. dose (4.8 μg/kg), 5 (71%) patients discontinued treatment due to TEAEs. For s.c. administration (n = 9), eight (89%) patients experienced TEAEs greater than or equal to grade 3 and injection site reactions (≤ grade 3) emerged in all patients. At 4.8 μg/kg (i.v. and s.c.), the mean maximum serum concentrations were 30.3 and 3.59 ng/ml, respectively. Increases in multiple cytokines were observed following i.v. and s.c. administrations, and step-up dosing strategies did not mitigate cytokine production or improve the safety profile and led to limited duration of treatment. Minimal clinical activity was observed across all cohorts. The i.v. and s.c. dosing of JNJ-63709178 was associated with suboptimal drug exposure, unfavorable safety profiles, limited clinical activity, and inability to identify a recommended phase II dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Boyiadzis
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Pinkal Desai
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York-Presbyterian, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - William Donnellan
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute/Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Xiang Li
- Janssen Research & Development, Somerville, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jose Antonio Perez-Simon
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS/CISC), Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Olga Salamero
- Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, VHIO, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Trevor Tucker
- Janssen Research & Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Xiaoying Xu
- Janssen Research & Development, Somerville, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jay Yang
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Naveen Pemmaraju
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Juan Manuel Alonso-Dominguez
- Hematology Department, Early Phase Clinical Trials Unit START Madrid-FJD, Fundacion Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
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31
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Pelosi E, Castelli G, Testa U. CD123 a Therapeutic Target for Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Blastic Plasmocytoid Dendritic Neoplasm. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032718. [PMID: 36769040 PMCID: PMC9917129 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In spite of consistent progress at the level of basic research and of clinical treatment, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) still represents an unmet clinical need for adult and pediatric patients. To improve the outcomes of these patients, it is necessary to identify new therapeutic targets. IL3RA (CD123, alpha subunit of the interleukin 3 receptor) is a cell membrane protein overexpressed in several hematologic malignancies, including AML blastic plasmocytoid dendritic cell neoplasms (BPDCN). Given the higher expression of CD123 on leukemic cells compared to normal hematopoietic cells and its low/absent expression on normal hematopoietic stem cells, it appears as a suitable and attractive target for therapy. Various drugs targeting CD123 have been developed and evaluated at clinical level: interleukin-3 conjugated with diphtheria toxin; naked neutralizing anti-CD123 antibodies; drug-antibody conjugates; bispecific antibodies targeting both CD123 and CD3; and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells engineered to target CD123. Some of these agents have shown promising results at the clinical level, including tagraxofusp (CD123 conjugated with diphtheria toxin) for the treatment of BPDCN and IMGN632 (anti-CD123 drug-conjugate), and flotetuzumab (bispecific anti-CD123 and anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody) for the treatment of AML. However, the therapeutic efficacy of CD123-targeting treatments is still unsatisfactory and must be improved through new therapeutic strategies and combined treatments with other antileukemic drugs.
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32
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Pant H, Hercus TR, Tumes DJ, Yip KH, Parker MW, Owczarek CM, Lopez AF, Huston DP. Translating the biology of β common receptor-engaging cytokines into clinical medicine. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 151:324-344. [PMID: 36424209 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The family of cytokines that comprises IL-3, IL-5, and GM-CSF was discovered over 30 years ago, and their biological activities and resulting impact in clinical medicine has continued to expand ever since. Originally identified as bone marrow growth factors capable of acting on hemopoietic progenitor cells to induce their proliferation and differentiation into mature blood cells, these cytokines are also recognized as key mediators of inflammation and the pathobiology of diverse immunologic diseases. This increased understanding of the functional repertoire of IL-3, IL-5, and GM-CSF has led to an explosion of interest in modulating their functions for clinical management. Key to the successful clinical translation of this knowledge is the recognition that these cytokines act by engaging distinct dimeric receptors and that they share a common signaling subunit called β-common or βc. The structural determination of how IL-3, IL-5, and GM-CSF interact with their receptors and linking this to their differential biological functions on effector cells has unveiled new paradigms of cell signaling. This knowledge has paved the way for novel mAbs and other molecules as selective or pan inhibitors for use in different clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshita Pant
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia; Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Timothy R Hercus
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Damon J Tumes
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Kwok Ho Yip
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Michael W Parker
- Bio 21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Angel F Lopez
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia; Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - David P Huston
- Texas A&M University School of Medicine, Houston, Tex; Houston Methodist Hospital and Research Institute, Houston, Tex.
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Kong T, Laranjeira ABA, Yang K, Fisher DAC, Yu L, Poittevin De La Frégonnière L, Wang AZ, Ruzinova MB, Fowles JS, Fulbright MC, Cox MJ, Celik H, Challen GA, Huang S, Oh ST. DUSP6 mediates resistance to JAK2 inhibition and drives leukemic progression. NATURE CANCER 2023; 4:108-127. [PMID: 36581736 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-022-00486-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) exhibit a propensity for transformation to secondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML), for which the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood, resulting in limited treatment options and dismal clinical outcomes. Here, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing on serial MPN and sAML patient stem and progenitor cells, identifying aberrantly increased expression of DUSP6 underlying disease transformation. Pharmacologic dual-specificity phosphatase (DUSP)6 targeting led to inhibition of S6 and Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling while also reducing inflammatory cytokine production. DUSP6 perturbation further inhibited ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK)1, which we identified as a second indispensable candidate associated with poor clinical outcome. Ectopic expression of DUSP6 mediated JAK2-inhibitor resistance and exacerbated disease severity in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. Contrastingly, DUSP6 inhibition potently suppressed disease development across Jak2V617F and MPLW515L MPN mouse models and sAML PDXs without inducing toxicity in healthy controls. These findings underscore DUSP6 in driving disease transformation and highlight the DUSP6-RSK1 axis as a vulnerable, druggable pathway in myeloid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Kong
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Angelo B A Laranjeira
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kangning Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Daniel A C Fisher
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - LaYow Yu
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Laure Poittevin De La Frégonnière
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anthony Z Wang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Marianna B Ruzinova
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jared S Fowles
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mary C Fulbright
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Maggie J Cox
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Hamza Celik
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Grant A Challen
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sidong Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stephen T Oh
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Immunomonitoring Laboratory, Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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Schorr C, Perna F. Targets for chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy of acute myeloid leukemia. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1085978. [PMID: 36605213 PMCID: PMC9809466 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1085978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is an aggressive myeloid malignancy associated with high mortality rates (less than 30% 5-year survival). Despite advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underpinning leukemogenesis, standard-of-care therapeutic approaches have not changed over the last couple of decades. Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy targeting CD19 has shown remarkable clinical outcomes for patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and is now an FDA-approved therapy. Targeting of myeloid malignancies that are CD19-negative with this promising technology remains challenging largely due to lack of alternate target antigens, complex clonal heterogeneity, and the increased recognition of an immunosuppressive bone marrow. We carefully reviewed a comprehensive list of AML targets currently being used in both proof-of-concept pre-clinical and experimental clinical settings. We analyzed the expression profile of these molecules in leukemic as well normal tissues using reliable protein databases and data reported in the literature and we provide an updated overview of the current clinical trials with CAR T-cells in AML. Our study represents a state-of-art review of the field and serves as a potential guide for selecting known AML-associated targets for adoptive cellular therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Schorr
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Fabiana Perna
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States,*Correspondence: Fabiana Perna,
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Nonaka T. Application of engineered extracellular vesicles to overcome drug resistance in cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1070479. [PMID: 36591444 PMCID: PMC9797956 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1070479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted therapies have significantly improved survival rates and quality of life for many cancer patients. However, on- and off-target side toxicities in normal tissues, and precocious activation of the immune response remain significant issues that limit the efficacy of molecular targeted agents. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) hold great promise as the mediators of next-generation therapeutic payloads. Derived from cellular membranes, EVs can be engineered to carry specific therapeutic agents in a targeted manner to tumor cells. This review highlights the progress in our understanding of basic EV biology, and discusses how EVs are being chemically and genetically modified for use in clinical and preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taichiro Nonaka
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States,Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States,*Correspondence: Taichiro Nonaka,
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36
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Wei W, Yang D, Chen X, Liang D, Zou L, Zhao X. Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for T-ALL and AML. Front Oncol 2022; 12:967754. [PMID: 36523990 PMCID: PMC9745195 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.967754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-B-cell acute leukemia is a term that encompasses T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Currently, the therapeutic effectiveness of existing treatments for refractory or relapsed (R/R) non-B-cell acute leukemia is limited. In such situations, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy may be a promising approach to treat non-B-cell acute leukemia, given its promising results in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). Nevertheless, fratricide, malignant contamination, T cell aplasia for T-ALL, and specific antigen selection and complex microenvironment for AML remain significant challenges in the implementation of CAR-T therapy for T-ALL and AML patients in the clinic. Therefore, designs of CAR-T cells targeting CD5 and CD7 for T-ALL and CD123, CD33, and CLL1 for AML show promising efficacy and safety profiles in clinical trials. In this review, we summarize the characteristics of non-B-cell acute leukemia, the development of CARs, the CAR targets, and their efficacy for treating non-B-cell acute leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Wei
- Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Medical Oncology of Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dong Yang
- Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Radiotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dandan Liang
- Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liqun Zou
- Department of Medical Oncology of Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xudong Zhao
- Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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37
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Caruso S, De Angelis B, Del Bufalo F, Ciccone R, Donsante S, Volpe G, Manni S, Guercio M, Pezzella M, Iaffaldano L, Silvestris DA, Sinibaldi M, Di Cecca S, Pitisci A, Velardi E, Merli P, Algeri M, Lodi M, Paganelli V, Serafini M, Riminucci M, Locatelli F, Quintarelli C. Safe and effective off-the-shelf immunotherapy based on CAR.CD123-NK cells for the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:163. [PMID: 36335396 PMCID: PMC9636687 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01376-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Paediatric acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is characterized by poor outcomes in patients with relapsed/refractory disease, despite the improvements in intensive standard therapy. The leukaemic cells of paediatric AML patients show high expression of the CD123 antigen, and this finding provides the biological basis to target CD123 with the chimeric antigen receptor (CAR). However, CAR.CD123 therapy in AML is hampered by on-target off-tumour toxicity and a long “vein-to-vein” time.
Methods We developed an off-the-shelf product based on allogeneic natural killer (NK) cells derived from the peripheral blood of healthy donors and engineered them to express a second-generation CAR targeting CD123 (CAR.CD123). Results CAR.CD123-NK cells showed significant anti-leukaemia activity not only in vitro against CD123+ AML cell lines and CD123+ primary blasts but also in two animal models of human AML-bearing immune-deficient mice. Data on anti-leukaemia activity were also corroborated by the quantification of inflammatory cytokines, namely granzyme B (Granz B), interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), both in vitro and in the plasma of mice treated with CAR.CD123-NK cells.
To evaluate and compare the on-target off-tumour effects of CAR.CD123-T and NK cells, we engrafted human haematopoietic cells (hHCs) in an immune-deficient mouse model. All mice infused with CAR.CD123-T cells died by Day 5, developing toxicity against primary human bone marrow (BM) cells with a decreased number of total hCD45+ cells and, in particular, of hCD34+CD38− stem cells. In contrast, treatment with CAR.CD123-NK cells was not associated with toxicity, and all mice were alive at the end of the experiments. Finally, in a mouse model engrafted with human endothelial tissues, we demonstrated that CAR.CD123-NK cells were characterized by negligible endothelial toxicity when compared to CAR.CD123-T cells.
Conclusions Our data indicate the feasibility of an innovative off-the-shelf therapeutic strategy based on CAR.CD123-NK cells, characterized by remarkable efficacy and an improved safety profile compared to CAR.CD123-T cells. These findings open a novel intriguing scenario not only for the treatment of refractory/resistant AML patients but also to further investigate the use of CAR-NK cells in other cancers characterized by highly difficult targeting with the most conventional T effector cells.
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13045-022-01376-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Caruso
- grid.414125.70000 0001 0727 6809Department of Oncology-Haematology, and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Biagio De Angelis
- grid.414125.70000 0001 0727 6809Department of Oncology-Haematology, and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Del Bufalo
- grid.414125.70000 0001 0727 6809Department of Oncology-Haematology, and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Roselia Ciccone
- grid.414125.70000 0001 0727 6809Department of Oncology-Haematology, and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Samantha Donsante
- grid.7841.aDepartment of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Volpe
- grid.414125.70000 0001 0727 6809Research Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Manni
- grid.414125.70000 0001 0727 6809Department of Oncology-Haematology, and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marika Guercio
- grid.414125.70000 0001 0727 6809Department of Oncology-Haematology, and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Pezzella
- grid.414125.70000 0001 0727 6809Department of Oncology-Haematology, and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Iaffaldano
- grid.414125.70000 0001 0727 6809Department of Oncology-Haematology, and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Alessandro Silvestris
- grid.414125.70000 0001 0727 6809Department of Oncology-Haematology, and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Matilde Sinibaldi
- grid.414125.70000 0001 0727 6809Department of Oncology-Haematology, and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Di Cecca
- grid.414125.70000 0001 0727 6809Department of Oncology-Haematology, and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Pitisci
- grid.414125.70000 0001 0727 6809Department of Oncology-Haematology, and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Velardi
- grid.414125.70000 0001 0727 6809Department of Oncology-Haematology, and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Pietro Merli
- grid.414125.70000 0001 0727 6809Department of Oncology-Haematology, and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Mattia Algeri
- grid.414125.70000 0001 0727 6809Department of Oncology-Haematology, and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Lodi
- grid.414125.70000 0001 0727 6809Department of Oncology-Haematology, and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Paganelli
- grid.414125.70000 0001 0727 6809Department of Oncology-Haematology, and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Serafini
- grid.7563.70000 0001 2174 1754Department of Pediatrics, Tettamanti Research Center, Fondazione MBBM/San Gerardo Hospital, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Mara Riminucci
- grid.7841.aDepartment of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Franco Locatelli
- grid.414125.70000 0001 0727 6809Department of Oncology-Haematology, and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy ,grid.8142.f0000 0001 0941 3192Department of Life Science and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Concetta Quintarelli
- grid.414125.70000 0001 0727 6809Department of Oncology-Haematology, and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy ,grid.4691.a0000 0001 0790 385XDepartment of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Daver NG, Maiti A, Kadia TM, Vyas P, Majeti R, Wei AH, Garcia-Manero G, Craddock C, Sallman DA, Kantarjian HM. TP53-Mutated Myelodysplastic Syndrome and Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Biology, Current Therapy, and Future Directions. Cancer Discov 2022; 12:2516-2529. [PMID: 36218325 PMCID: PMC9627130 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-22-0332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
TP53-mutated myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) form a distinct group of myeloid disorders with dismal outcomes. TP53-mutated MDS and AML have lower response rates to either induction chemotherapy, hypomethylating agent-based regimens, or venetoclax-based therapies compared with non-TP53-mutated counterparts and a poor median overall survival of 5 to 10 months. Recent advances have identified novel pathogenic mechanisms in TP53-mutated myeloid malignancies, which have the potential to improve treatment strategies in this distinct clinical subgroup. In this review, we discuss recent insights into the biology of TP53-mutated MDS/AML, current treatments, and emerging therapies, including immunotherapeutic and nonimmune-based approaches for this entity. SIGNIFICANCE Emerging data on the impact of cytogenetic aberrations, TP53 allelic burden, immunobiology, and tumor microenvironment of TP53-mutated MDS and AML are further unraveling the complexity of this disease. An improved understanding of the functional consequences of TP53 mutations and immune dysregulation in TP53-mutated AML/MDS coupled with dismal outcomes has resulted in a shift from the use of cytotoxic and hypomethylating agent-based therapies to novel immune and nonimmune strategies for the treatment of this entity. It is hoped that these novel, rationally designed combinations will improve outcomes in this area of significant unmet need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naval G. Daver
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Abhishek Maiti
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Tapan M. Kadia
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Paresh Vyas
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ravindra Majeti
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Andrew H. Wei
- Peter MacCallum Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital and Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Charles Craddock
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Unit, Centre for Clinical Haematology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - David A. Sallman
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Hagop M. Kantarjian
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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Kumasaka S, Kubota J, Kumasaka Y, Naito C, Tsushima Y. A novel use of CT attenuation value: increased bone marrow density in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Acta Radiol 2022; 64:1573-1578. [PMID: 36317293 DOI: 10.1177/02841851221135154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Background Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common type of acute leukemia in adults. Bone marrow computed tomography (CT) attenuation may increase in patients with myeloproliferative disorders; however, the actual threshold CT attenuation value predictive of myeloproliferative has not been reported. Purpose To determine whether the unenhanced CT attenuation value of the bone marrow may be useful for predicting AML. Material and Methods We retrospectively analyzed patients with AML (n = 56) who underwent unenhanced CT before treatment, and age- and sex-matched controls without any hematologic disease. For each patient, the CT attenuation value (HU) of the iliac bone was measured and compared between the two groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to define the cutoff value for predicting AML on all patients, and only on late elderly patients (aged ≥75 years). Results Patients with AML showed higher bone marrow CT attenuation value (131.4 ± 58.3 vs. 53.9 ± 67.2 HU; P < 0.001), compared to the controls. The sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of AML in all patients were 78.6% and 80.4%, respectively, at a threshold value of 90 HU, whereas they were 83.3% and 91.7%, respectively, at 40 HU in late elderly patients. Conclusion The iliac bone CT attenuation value was elevated in patients with AML and may be useful for predicting AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soma Kumasaka
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Jun Kubota
- Department of Radiology, Saiseikai Maebashi Hospital, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yuka Kumasaka
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Chiaki Naito
- Department of Hematology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yoshito Tsushima
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
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Therapeutic Advances in Immunotherapies for Hematological Malignancies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911526. [PMID: 36232824 PMCID: PMC9569660 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Following the success of immunotherapies such as chimeric antigen receptor transgenic T-cell (CAR-T) therapy, bispecific T-cell engager therapy, and immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of hematologic malignancies, further studies are underway to improve the efficacy of these immunotherapies and to reduce the complications associated with their use in combination with other immune checkpoint inhibitors and conventional chemotherapy. Studies of novel therapeutic strategies such as bispecific (tandem or dual) CAR-T, bispecific killer cell engager, trispecific killer cell engager, and dual affinity retargeting therapies are also underway. Because of these studies and the discovery of novel immunotherapeutic target molecules, the use of immunotherapy for diseases initially thought to be less promising to treat with this treatment method, such as acute myeloid leukemia and T-cell hematologic tumors, has become a reality. Thus, in this coming era of new transplantation- and chemotherapy-free treatment strategies, it is imperative for both scientists and clinicians to understand the molecular immunity of hematologic malignancies. In this review, we focus on the remarkable development of immunotherapies that could change the prognosis of hematologic diseases. We also review the molecular mechanisms, development processes, clinical efficacies, and problems of new agents.
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Xu S, Zhang M, Fang X, Hu X, Xing H, Yang Y, Meng J, Wen T, Liu J, Wang J, Wang C, Xu H. CD123 Antagonistic Peptides Assembled with Nanomicelles Act as Monotherapeutics to Combat Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:38584-38593. [PMID: 35977045 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c11538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common type of acute leukemia in adults. Due to the development of drug resistance to traditional chemotherapies and high relapse rate, AML still has a low survival rate and there is in an urgent need for better treatment strategies. CD123 is widely expressed by AML cells, also associated with the poor prognosis of AML. In this study, we fabricated nanomicelles loaded with a lab-designed CD123 antagonistic peptide, which were referred to as mPO-6. The antagonistic and therapeutic effects were investigated with CD123+ AML cell lines and a refractory AML mouse (AE and CKITD816V) model. Results show that mPO-6 can specifically bind to the CD123+ AML cells and inhibit the cell viability effectively. Intravenous administration of mPO-6 significantly reduces the percentage of AML cells' infiltration and prolongs the median survival of AML mice. Further, the efficiency of mPO-6 is demonstrated to interfere with the axis of CD123/IL-3 via regulating the activation of STAT5, PI3K/AKT, and NF-κB signaling pathways related to cell proliferation or apoptosis at the level of mRNA and protein in vivo and in vitro. In conclusion, the novel CD123 antagonistic peptide micelle formulation mPO-6 can significantly enhance apoptosis and prolong the survival of AML mice by effectively interfering with the axis of CD123/IL-3 and therefore is a promising therapeutic candidate for the treatment of refractory AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilin Xu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Meichen Zhang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Xiaocui Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center of Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xuechun Hu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Haiyan Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Yanlian Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center of Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jie Meng
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Tao Wen
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Jianxiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Chen Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center of Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Haiyan Xu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
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Sun XY, Yang XD, Yang XQ, Ju B, Xiu NN, Xu J, Zhao XC. Antibiotic and glucocorticoid-induced recapitulated hematological remission in acute myeloid leukemia: A case report and review of literature. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:7890-7898. [PMID: 36158489 PMCID: PMC9372864 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i22.7890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leukemic hematopoietic cells acquire enhanced self-renewal capacity and impaired differentiation. The emergence of symptomatic leukemia also requires the acquisition of a clonal proliferative advantage. Untreated leukemia patients usually experience an aggressive process. However, spontaneous remission occasionally occurs in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), most frequently after recovery from a febrile episode, and this is generally attributed to the triggering of antineoplastic immunity. There may be another explanation for the spontaneous remission as implicated in this paper.
CASE SUMMARY A 63-year-old Chinese man presented with high fever, abdominal pain and urticaria-like skin lesions. He was diagnosed with AML-M4 with t(8;21) (q22;q22)/RUNX1-RUNX1T1 based on morphological, immunological, cytogenetic and molecular analyses. He had a complex chromosome rea-rrangement of 48,XY,t(8;21)(q22;q22),+13,+13[9]/49,idem,+mar[9]/49,idem,+8[2]. He also had a mutated tyrosine kinase domain in fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 gene. He was treated with antibiotics and glucocorticoids for gastrointestinal infection and urticaria-like skin lesions. The infection and skin lesions were quickly resolved. Unexpectedly, he achieved hematological remission along with resolution of the febrile episode, gastrointestinal symptoms and skin lesions. Notably, after relapse, repeating these treatments resulted in a return to hematological remission. Unfortunately, he demonstrated strong resistance to antibiotic and glucocorticoid treatment after the second relapse and died of sepsis from bacterial infection with multidrug resistance. The main clinical feature of this patient was that symptomatic AML emerged with flaring of the gut inflammatory disorder and it subsided after resolution of the inflammation. Learning from the present case raises the possibility that in a subgroup of AML patients, the proliferative advantage of leukemia cells may critically require the presence of inflammatory stresses.
CONCLUSION Inflammatory stresses, most likely arising from gastrointestinal infection, may sustain the growth and survival advantage of leukemic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yun Sun
- Department of Hematology, The Central Hospital of Qingdao West Coast New Area, Qingdao 266555, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Yang
- Department of Hematology, The Central Hospital of Qingdao West Coast New Area, Qingdao 266555, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Qiu Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, The Central Hospital of Qingdao West Coast New Area, Qingdao 266555, Shandong Province, China
| | - Bo Ju
- Department of Hematology, The Central Hospital of Qingdao West Coast New Area, Qingdao 266555, Shandong Province, China
| | - Nuan-Nuan Xiu
- Department of Hematology, The Central Hospital of Qingdao West Coast New Area, Qingdao 266555, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jia Xu
- Department of Hematology, The Central Hospital of Qingdao West Coast New Area, Qingdao 266555, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xi-Chen Zhao
- Department of Hematology, The Central Hospital of Qingdao West Coast New Area, Qingdao 266555, Shandong Province, China
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Properties of Leukemic Stem Cells in Regulating Drug Resistance in Acute and Chronic Myeloid Leukemias. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081841. [PMID: 36009388 PMCID: PMC9405586 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Notoriously known for their capacity to reconstitute hematological malignancies in vivo, leukemic stem cells (LSCs) represent key drivers of therapeutic resistance and disease relapse, posing as a major medical dilemma. Despite having low abundance in the bulk leukemic population, LSCs have developed unique molecular dependencies and intricate signaling networks to enable self-renewal, quiescence, and drug resistance. To illustrate the multi-dimensional landscape of LSC-mediated leukemogenesis, in this review, we present phenotypical characteristics of LSCs, address the LSC-associated leukemic stromal microenvironment, highlight molecular aberrations that occur in the transcriptome, epigenome, proteome, and metabolome of LSCs, and showcase promising novel therapeutic strategies that potentially target the molecular vulnerabilities of LSCs.
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Uckun FM, Watts J. CD123-Directed Bispecific Antibodies for Targeting MDS Clones and Immunosuppressive Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells (MDSC) in High-Risk Adult MDS Patients. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 2:757276. [PMID: 35822053 PMCID: PMC9261311 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2021.757276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
There is an urgent need to identify effective strategies to prevent leukemic transformation and induce sustained deep remissions in adult high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients. This article discusses the clinical impact potential of bispecific antibodies (BiAB) capable of redirecting host T-cell cytotoxicity in an MHC-independent manner to malignant clones as well as immunosuppressive myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) as a new class of anti-MDS drug candidates. T-cell engaging BiAB targeting the CD123 antigen may help delay disease progression in high-risk adult MDS and potentially reduce the risk of transformation to secondary AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih M Uckun
- Aptevo Therapeutics, Seattle, WA, United States.,Immuno-Oncology Program, Ares Pharmaceuticals, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Justin Watts
- University of Miami Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, United States
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Angenendt L, Mikesch JH, Schliemann C. Emerging antibody-based therapies for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. Cancer Treat Rev 2022; 108:102409. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2022.102409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Pabon CM, Abbas HA, Konopleva M. Acute myeloid leukemia: therapeutic targeting of stem cells. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2022; 26:547-556. [DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2022.2083957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cindy M. Pabon
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hussein A. Abbas
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Marina Konopleva
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Zou R, Zhao W, Xiao S, Lu Y. A Signature of Three Apoptosis-Related Genes Predicts Overall Survival in Breast Cancer. Front Surg 2022; 9:863035. [PMID: 35769153 PMCID: PMC9235836 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.863035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The commonest malignancy in women is known as breast cancer (BC). Numerous studies demonstrated that apoptosis appears to be critical to the management and clinical outcome of BC patients. The purpose of this study is to explore the potential connection between apoptosis and BC and establish the apoptosis-associated gene signature in BC. Methods The data of BC patient transcripts and related clinical information comes from the Cancer Genome Atlas Database (TCGA), and the genes related to apoptosis come from the Molecular Characterization Database (MSigDB). We identified the abnormally expressed apoptosis-related genes in BC samples. The optimal apoptosis-related genes screened by Cox regression analysis were designed to construct a prognostic model for predicting BC patients. Using the Nom Chart to Predict 1-Year, 3-Year, and 5-Year overall survival for BC patients. The gene signature-related functional pathways were explored by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Results Three genes [alpha subunit of the interleukin 3 receptor (IL3RA), apoptosis-inducing factor mitochondrial-associated 1 (AIFM1), and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase catalytic alpha (PIK3CA)] correlated with apoptosis were shown to be strongly linked to the overall survival of BC. Survival analysis shows that the risk score is directly proportional to the poor prognosis of BC patients. Risk assessment based on three genetic characteristics (age, pathological stage N, and pathological stage M) can independently predict the prognosis of patients with BC. The Nom chart is most suitable for assessing the long-term survival rate of BC patients. The results of GSEA demonstrated that numerous cell cycle-related pathways were abundant in the high-risk group. Conclusion We constructed an apoptosis-associated gene signature in BC, which had a potential clinical application prospect for BC patients.
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Perna F, Espinoza-Gutarra MR, Bombaci G, Farag SS, Schwartz JE. Immune-Based Therapeutic Interventions for Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cancer Treat Res 2022; 183:225-254. [PMID: 35551662 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-96376-7_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive, clonally heterogeneous, myeloid malignancy, with a 5-year overall survival of approximately 27%. It constitutes the most common acute leukemia in adults, with an incidence of 3-5 cases per 100,000 in the United States. Despite great advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms underpinning leukemogenesis, the past several decades had seen little change to the backbone of therapy, comprised of an anthracycline-based induction regimen for those who are fit enough to receive it, followed by risk-stratified post-remission therapy with consolidation cytarabine or allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT). Allo-SCT is the most fundamental form of immunotherapy in which donor cytotoxic T and NK cells recognize and eradicate residual AML in the graft-versus-leukemia (GvL) effect. Building on that, several alternative or synergistic approaches to exploit both self and foreign immunity against AML have been developed. Checkpoint inhibitors, for example, CTLA-4 inhibitors, PD-1 inhibitors, and PD-L1 inhibitors block proteins found on T cells or cancer cells that stop the immune system from attacking the cancer cells. They have been used with limited success in both the AML relapsed/refractory (R/R) and post SCT settings. AML tumor mutational burden is low compared to solid tumors and thus, it is less likely to generate neoantigens and respond to antibody-mediated checkpoint blockade that has shown unprecedented results in solid tumors. Therefore, alternative therapeutic strategies that work independently of the T cell receptor (TCR) specificity have been developed. They include bispecific antibodies, which recruit T cells through CD3 engagement, and in AML have shown an overall response rate ranging between 14 and 30% in early phase trials. Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cell therapy is a type of treatment in which T cells are genetically engineered to produce a recombinant receptor that redirects the specificity and function of T lymphocytes. However, lack of cell surface targets exclusively expressed on AML cells including Leukemic Stem Cells (LSCs) combined with clonal heterogeneity represents the biggest challenge in developing CAR therapy for AML. Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADC) constitute the only FDA-approved immunotherapy to treat AML with Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin, a CD33-specific ADC used in CEBPα-mutated AML. The identification of additional cell surface targets is critical for the development of other ADC's potentially useful in the induction and maintenance regimens, given the ease at which these reagents can be generated and managed. Here, we will review those immune-based therapeutic interventions and highlight active areas of research investigations toward fulfillment of the great promise of immunotherapy to AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Perna
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA.
| | - Manuel R Espinoza-Gutarra
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Giuseppe Bombaci
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Sherif S Farag
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Jennifer E Schwartz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
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Allogeneic TCRαβ deficient CAR T-cells targeting CD123 in acute myeloid leukemia. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2227. [PMID: 35484102 PMCID: PMC9050731 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29668-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a disease with high incidence of relapse that is originated and maintained from leukemia stem cells (LSCs). Hematopoietic stem cells can be distinguished from LSCs by an array of cell surface antigens such as CD123, thus a candidate to eliminate LSCs using a variety of approaches, including CAR T cells. Here, we evaluate the potential of allogeneic gene-edited CAR T cells targeting CD123 to eliminate LSCs (UCART123). UCART123 cells are TCRαβneg T cells generated from healthy donors using TALEN® gene-editing technology, decreasing the likelihood of graft vs host disease. As safety feature, cells express RQR8 to allow elimination with Rituximab. UCART123 effectively eliminates AML cells in vitro and in vivo with significant benefits in overall survival of AML-patient derived xenograft mice. Furthermore, UCART123 preferentially target AML over normal cells with modest toxicity to normal hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Together these results suggest that UCART123 represents an off-the shelf therapeutic approach for AML. CD123, the interleukin-3 receptor alpha chain, is aberrantly expressed in acute myeloid leukemia blasts and leukemia stem cells. Here the authors report the design and characterize the anti-tumor activity of allogeneic CD123-targeted CAR-T cells as a therapeutic approach for acute myeloid leukemia.
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Fujita H, Fujita T, Fujii H. IL-3-Induced Immediate Expression of c- fos and c- jun Is Modulated by the IKK2-JNK Axis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091451. [PMID: 35563758 PMCID: PMC9105775 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-3 is a pleiotropic cytokine that regulates the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of hematopoietic cells. The binding of IL-3 to its receptor activates intracellular signaling, inducing transcription of immediate early genes (IEGs) such as c-fos, c-jun, and c-myc; however, transcriptional regulation under IL-3 signaling is not fully understood. This study assessed the role of the inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB kinases (IKKs) in inducing IL-3-mediated expression of IEGs. We show that IKK1 and IKK2 are required for the IL-3-induced immediate expression of c-fos and c-jun in murine hematopoietic Ba/F3 cells. Although IKK2 is well-known for its pivotal role as a regulator of the canonical nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway, activation of IKKs did not induce the nuclear translocation of the NF-κB transcription factor. We further revealed the important role of IKK2 in the activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), which mediates the IL-3-induced expression of c-fos and c-jun. These findings indicate that the IKK2-JNK axis modulates the IL-3-induced expression of IEGs in a canonical NF-κB-independent manner.
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