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Dolnikova A, Kazantsev D, Klanova M, Pokorna E, Sovilj D, Kelemen CD, Tuskova L, Hoferkova E, Mraz M, Helman K, Curik N, Machova Polakova K, Andera L, Trneny M, Klener P. Blockage of BCL-XL overcomes venetoclax resistance across BCL2+ lymphoid malignancies irrespective of BIM status. Blood Adv 2024; 8:3532-3543. [PMID: 38713893 PMCID: PMC11261020 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2024012906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Venetoclax (VEN), a B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) inhibitor, has a promising single-agent activity in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and large BCLs, but remissions were generally short, which call for rational drug combinations. Using a panel of 21 lymphoma and leukemia cell lines and 28 primary samples, we demonstrated strong synergy between VEN and A1155463, a BCL-XL inhibitor. Immunoprecipitation experiments and studies on clones with knockout of expression or transgenic expression of BCL-XL confirmed its key role in mediating inherent and acquired VEN resistance. Of note, the VEN and A1155463 combination was synthetically lethal even in the cell lines with lack of expression of the proapoptotic BCL2L11/BIM and in the derived clones with genetic knockout of BCL2L11/BIM. This is clinically important because BCL2L11/BIM deletion, downregulation, or sequestration results in VEN resistance. Immunoprecipitation experiments further suggested that the proapoptotic effector BAX belongs to principal mediators of the VEN and A1155463 mode of action in the BIM-deficient cells. Lastly, the efficacy of the new proapoptotic combination was confirmed in vivo on a panel of 9 patient-derived lymphoma xenografts models including MCL (n = 3), B-ALL (n = 2), T-ALL (n = 1), and diffuse large BCL (n = 3). Because continuous inhibition of BCL-XL causes thrombocytopenia, we proposed and tested an interrupted 4 days on/3 days off treatment regimen, which retained the desired antitumor synergy with manageable platelet toxicity. The proposed VEN and A1155463 combination represents an innovative chemotherapy-free regimen with significant preclinical activity across diverse BCL2+ hematologic malignancies irrespective of the BCL2L11/BIM status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Dolnikova
- Institute of Pathological Physiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dmitry Kazantsev
- Institute of Pathological Physiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Magdalena Klanova
- Institute of Pathological Physiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- First Department of Medicine, Department of Hematology, Charles University General Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Pokorna
- Institute of Pathological Physiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Sovilj
- Institute of Biotechnology Czech Academy of Sciences/Biotechnology and Biomedicine Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences and Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Cristina Daniela Kelemen
- Institute of Biotechnology Czech Academy of Sciences/Biotechnology and Biomedicine Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences and Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Liliana Tuskova
- Institute of Pathological Physiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- First Department of Medicine, Department of Hematology, Charles University General Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Hoferkova
- Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Mraz
- Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Helman
- Faculty of Informatics and Statistics, University of Economics, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Nikola Curik
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Ladislav Andera
- Institute of Biotechnology Czech Academy of Sciences/Biotechnology and Biomedicine Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences and Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics CAS, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Trneny
- First Department of Medicine, Department of Hematology, Charles University General Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Klener
- Institute of Pathological Physiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- First Department of Medicine, Department of Hematology, Charles University General Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
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Kawasaki N, Tomita M, Yamashita-Kashima Y, Yoshimura Y, Yoshiura S. Efficacy of retreatment with polatuzumab vedotin in combination with rituximab in polatuzumab vedotin-resistant DLBCL models. Leuk Lymphoma 2023; 64:1938-1948. [PMID: 37548343 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2023.2243531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Polatuzumab vedotin (Pola) was approved for first-line and relapsed/refractory (r/r) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in many countries. This means that retreatment with Pola for r/r DLBCL could be considered after first-line Pola treatment; however, there is currently no evidence on the effectiveness of Pola-retreatment. To address this, we established two Pola-resistant cells from DLBCL cells (SU-DHL-4 and STR-428) and evaluated the combination efficacy of Pola plus rituximab (Rit), the key component of DLBCL therapy. MDR1 overexpression and decreased Bim expression were suggested to be the resistant mechanisms to Pola in Pola-resistant SU-DHL-4 and Pola-resistant STR-428, respectively. In these cells, Pola significantly increased Rit-induced CDC sensitivity either with increased MAC formation or reduced Mcl-1 expression. Additionally, treatment with Pola + Rit significantly enhanced antitumor activity in Pola-resistant STR-428 xenograft mouse models. Based on these results, Pola + Rit retreatment could have preserved efficacy because of the effect of Pola on sensitizing cells to Rit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsumi Kawasaki
- Product Research Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mayu Tomita
- Product Research Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Yasushi Yoshimura
- Product Research Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shigeki Yoshiura
- Product Research Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
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Sarkar A, Paul A, Banerjee T, Maji A, Saha S, Bishayee A, Maity TK. Therapeutic advancements in targeting BCL-2 family proteins by epigenetic regulators, natural, and synthetic agents in cancer. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 944:175588. [PMID: 36791843 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is amongst the deadliest and most disruptive disorders, having a much higher death rate than other diseases worldwide. Human cancer rates continue to rise, thereby posing the most significant concerns for medical health professionals. In the last two decades, researchers have gone past several milestones in tackling cancer while gaining insight into the role of apoptosis in cancer or targeting various biomarker tools for prognosis and diagnosis. Apoptosis which is still a topic full of complexities, can be controlled considerably by B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) and its family members. Therefore, targeting proteins of this family to prevent tumorigenesis, is essential to focus on the pharmacological features of the anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic members, which will help to develop and manage this disorder. This review deals with the advancements of various epigenetic regulators to target BCL-2 family proteins, including the mechanism of several microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Similarly, a rise in natural and synthetic molecules' research over the last two decades has allowed us to acquire insights into understanding and managing the transcriptional alterations that have led to apoptosis and treating various neoplastic diseases. Furthermore, several inhibitors targeting anti-apoptotic proteins and inducers or activators targeting pro-apoptotic proteins in preclinical and clinical stages have been summarized. Overall, agonistic and antagonistic mechanisms of BCL-2 family proteins conciliated by epigenetic regulators, natural and synthetic agents have proven to be an excellent choice in developing cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Sarkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata, 700032, India.
| | - Abhik Paul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata, 700032, India.
| | - Tanmoy Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata, 700032, India.
| | - Avik Maji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata, 700032, India.
| | - Sanjukta Saha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata, 700032, India.
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL, 34211, USA.
| | - Tapan Kumar Maity
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata, 700032, India.
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Kaloni D, Diepstraten ST, Strasser A, Kelly GL. BCL-2 protein family: attractive targets for cancer therapy. Apoptosis 2023; 28:20-38. [PMID: 36342579 PMCID: PMC9950219 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-022-01780-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Acquired resistance to cell death is a hallmark of cancer. The BCL-2 protein family members play important roles in controlling apoptotic cell death. Abnormal over-expression of pro-survival BCL-2 family members or abnormal reduction of pro-apoptotic BCL-2 family proteins, both resulting in the inhibition of apoptosis, are frequently detected in diverse malignancies. The critical role of the pro-survival and pro-apoptotic BCL-2 family proteins in the regulation of apoptosis makes them attractive targets for the development of agents for the treatment of cancer. This review describes the roles of the various pro-survival and pro-apoptotic members of the BCL-2 protein family in normal development and organismal function and how defects in the control of apoptosis promote the development and therapy resistance of cancer. Finally, we discuss the development of inhibitors of pro-survival BCL-2 proteins, termed BH3-mimetic drugs, as novel agents for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deeksha Kaloni
- Blood Cells and Blood Cancer Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Sarah T Diepstraten
- Blood Cells and Blood Cancer Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Andreas Strasser
- Blood Cells and Blood Cancer Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Gemma L Kelly
- Blood Cells and Blood Cancer Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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Advances in the previous two decades in our understanding of the post-translational modifications, functions, and drug perspectives of ArgBP2 and its family members. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113853. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Lopez A, Reyna DE, Gitego N, Kopp F, Zhou H, Miranda-Roman MA, Nordstrøm LU, Narayanagari SR, Chi P, Vilar E, Tsirigos A, Gavathiotis E. Co-targeting of BAX and BCL-XL proteins broadly overcomes resistance to apoptosis in cancer. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1199. [PMID: 35256598 PMCID: PMC8901805 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28741-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Deregulation of the BCL-2 family interaction network ensures cancer resistance to apoptosis and is a major challenge to current treatments. Cancer cells commonly evade apoptosis through upregulation of the BCL-2 anti-apoptotic proteins; however, more resistant cancers also downregulate or inactivate pro-apoptotic proteins to suppress apoptosis. Here, we find that apoptosis resistance in a diverse panel of solid and hematological malignancies is mediated by both overexpression of BCL-XL and an unprimed apoptotic state, limiting direct and indirect activation mechanisms of pro-apoptotic BAX. Both survival mechanisms can be overcome by the combination of an orally bioavailable BAX activator, BTSA1.2 with Navitoclax. The combination demonstrates synergistic efficacy in apoptosis-resistant cancer cells, xenografts, and patient-derived tumors while sparing healthy tissues. Additionally, functional assays and genomic markers are identified to predict sensitive tumors to the combination treatment. These findings advance the understanding of apoptosis resistance mechanisms and demonstrate a novel therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. Deregulation of the BCL-2 family interactions ensures cancer resistance to apoptosis and is a major challenge to current treatments. Here the authors describe a novel therapeutic strategy to overcome two anti-apoptotic mechanisms for cancer therapy.
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7
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Kusowska A, Kubacz M, Krawczyk M, Slusarczyk A, Winiarska M, Bobrowicz M. Molecular Aspects of Resistance to Immunotherapies-Advances in Understanding and Management of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031501. [PMID: 35163421 PMCID: PMC8835809 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the unquestionable success achieved by rituximab-based regimens in the management of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), the high incidence of relapsed/refractory disease still remains a challenge. The widespread clinical use of chemo-immunotherapy demonstrated that it invariably leads to the induction of resistance; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain unclear. Rituximab-mediated therapeutic effect primarily relies on complement-dependent cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity, and their outcome is often compromised following the development of resistance. Factors involved include inherent genetic characteristics and rituximab-induced changes in effectors cells, the role of ligand/receptor interactions between target and effector cells, and the tumor microenvironment. This review focuses on summarizing the emerging advances in the understanding of the molecular basis responsible for the resistance induced by various forms of immunotherapy used in DLBCL. We outline available models of resistance and delineate solutions that may improve the efficacy of standard therapeutic protocols, which might be essential for the rational design of novel therapeutic regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Kusowska
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (A.K.); (M.K.); (M.K.); (A.S.); (M.W.)
- Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Matylda Kubacz
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (A.K.); (M.K.); (M.K.); (A.S.); (M.W.)
| | - Marta Krawczyk
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (A.K.); (M.K.); (M.K.); (A.S.); (M.W.)
- Laboratory of Immunology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
- Doctoral School of Translational Medicine, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksander Slusarczyk
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (A.K.); (M.K.); (M.K.); (A.S.); (M.W.)
- Department of General, Oncological and Functional Urology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-005 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Winiarska
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (A.K.); (M.K.); (M.K.); (A.S.); (M.W.)
- Laboratory of Immunology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Bobrowicz
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (A.K.); (M.K.); (M.K.); (A.S.); (M.W.)
- Correspondence:
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Diepstraten ST, Anderson MA, Czabotar PE, Lessene G, Strasser A, Kelly GL. The manipulation of apoptosis for cancer therapy using BH3-mimetic drugs. Nat Rev Cancer 2022; 22:45-64. [PMID: 34663943 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-021-00407-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death that is regulated by the balance between prosurvival and proapoptotic BCL-2 protein family members. Evasion of apoptosis is a hallmark of cancer that arises when this balance is tipped in favour of survival. One form of anticancer therapeutic, termed 'BH3-mimetic drugs', has been developed to directly activate the apoptosis machinery in malignant cells. These drugs bind to and inhibit specific prosurvival BCL-2 family proteins, thereby mimicking their interaction with the BH3 domains of proapoptotic BCL-2 family proteins. The BCL-2-specific inhibitor venetoclax is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration and many regulatory authorities worldwide for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and acute myeloid leukaemia. BH3-mimetic drugs targeting other BCL-2 prosurvival proteins have been tested in preclinical models of cancer, and drugs targeting MCL-1 or BCL-XL have advanced into phase I clinical trials for certain cancers. As with all therapeutics, efficacy and tolerability need to be carefully balanced to achieve a therapeutic window whereby there is significant anticancer activity with an acceptable safety profile. In this Review, we outline the current state of BH3-mimetic drugs targeting various prosurvival BCL-2 family proteins and discuss emerging data regarding primary and acquired resistance to these agents and approaches that may overcome this. We highlight issues that need to be addressed to further advance the clinical application of BH3-mimetic drugs, both alone and in combination with additional anticancer agents (for example, standard chemotherapeutic drugs or inhibitors of oncogenic kinases), for improved responses in patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah T Diepstraten
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mary Ann Anderson
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter E Czabotar
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Guillaume Lessene
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andreas Strasser
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Gemma L Kelly
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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Zhang X, Gao R, Yan H, Zhao Z, Zhang J, You W. Assembling BH3-mimic peptide into a nanocluster to target intracellular Bcl2 towards the apoptosis induction of cancer cell. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 33:085103. [PMID: 34261054 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac146d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bcl-2, an anti-apoptotic protein, is always overexpressed in tumor cells to suppress the pro-apoptotic function of Bax, thereby prolonging the life of the tumor. However, BH3 proteins could directly activate Bax via antagonizing Bcl-2 to induce apoptosis in response to the stimulation. Thus, mimicking BH3 proteins with a peptide is a potential strategy for anti-cancer therapy. Unfortunately, clinical translation of BH3-mimic peptide is hindered by its inefficacious cellular internalization and proteolysis resistance. Herein, we translated a BH3-mimic peptide into a peptide-auric spheroidal nanocluster (BH3-AuNp), in which polymeric BH3-Auric precursors [Au1+-S-BH3]narein situself-assembled on the surface of gold nanoparticles by a one-pot synthesis. Expectedly, this strategy could improve the anti-proteolytic ability and cytomembrane penetrability of the BH3 peptide. As a result, BH3-AuNp successfully induced the apoptosis of two cancer cell lines by an order of magnitude compared to BH3. This therapeutic and feasible peptide nano-engineering strategy will help peptides overcome the pharmaceutical obstacles, awaken its biological functions, and possibly revive the research about peptide-derived nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Zhang
- Institute of Sports & Medicine, School of Physical Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 453000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruqing Gao
- School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiyu Yan
- Center for Physical Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Zijian Zhao
- Institute of Sports & Medicine, School of Physical Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 453000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Center for Physical Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiming You
- Precision Medicine Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, People's Republic of China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, People's Republic of China
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Single- and double-hit events in genes encoding immune targets before and after T cell-engaging antibody therapy in MM. Blood Adv 2021; 5:3794-3798. [PMID: 34471932 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021004418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell-engaging immunotherapies exert unprecedented single-agent activity in multiple myeloma (MM), thereby putting a yet unexplored selective pressure on the clonal architecture. In this study, we report on homozygous BCMA (TNFRSF17) gene deletion after BCMA-targeting T cell-redirecting bispecific antibody therapy in a heavily pretreated MM patient. Loss of BCMA protein expression persisted over subsequent relapses, with no response to treatment with anti-BCMA antibody drug conjugate. In light of the multiple alternative targets that are emerging in addition to BCMA, we extended our analyses to delineate a more complete picture of genetic alterations that may have an impact on immunotherapy targets in MM. We performed whole-genome sequencing and RNA sequencing in 100 MM patients (50 were newly diagnosed; 50 were relapsed/refractory) and identified a significant proportion of patients with aberrations in genes encoding immunotherapy targets; GPRC5D ranked first with 15% heterozygous deletions, followed by CD38 (10%), SDC1 (5%), and TNFRSF17 (4%). Notably, these heterozygous deletions did not lower the expression levels of respective genes, but they may represent a first hit that drives the acquisition of homozygous deletions and subsequent antigen-loss relapse upon targeted immunotherapy. In summary, we show preexisting vulnerability in genes encoding immunotargets before and homozygous deletions after T cell-engaging immunotherapy.
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The alternative RelB NF-κB subunit is a novel critical player in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Blood 2021; 139:384-398. [PMID: 34232979 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most frequent lymphoid malignancy affecting adults. NF-kB transcription factor family is activated by two main pathways, the canonical and the alternative NF-kB activation pathways with different functions. The alternative NF-kB pathway leads to the activation of the transcriptionally active RelB NF-kB subunit. Alternative NF-kB activation status and its role in DLBCL pathogenesis remain undefined. Here, we reveal a frequent activation of RelB in a large cohort of DLBCL patients and cell lines, independently of their ABC or GCB subtypes. RelB activity defines a new subset of DLBCL patients with a peculiar gene expression profile and mutational pattern. Importantly, RelB activation does not correlate with the MCD genetic subtype, enriched for ABC tumors carrying MYD88L265P and CD79B mutations that cooperatively activate canonical NF-kB, thus indicating that current genetic tools to evaluate NF-kB activity in DLBCL do not provide information on the alternative NF-kB activation. Further, the newly defined RelB-positive subgroup of DLBCL patients exhibits a dismal outcome following immunochemotherapy. Functional studies revealed that RelB confers DLBCL cell resistance to DNA-damage induced apoptosis in response to doxorubicin, a genotoxic agent used in front-line treatment for DLBCL. We also show that RelB positivity is associated with high expression of cIAP2. Altogether, RelB activation can be used to refine the prognostic stratification of DLBCL and may contribute to subvert the therapeutic DNA damage response in a segment of DLBCL patients.
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Fairlie WD, Lee EF. Co-Operativity between MYC and BCL-2 Pro-Survival Proteins in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062841. [PMID: 33799592 PMCID: PMC8000576 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
B-Cell Lymphoma 2 (BCL-2), c-MYC and related proteins are arguably amongst the most widely studied in all of biology. Every year there are thousands of papers reporting on different aspects of their biochemistry, cellular and physiological mechanisms and functions. This plethora of literature can be attributed to both proteins playing essential roles in the normal functioning of a cell, and by extension a whole organism, but also due to their central role in disease, most notably, cancer. Many cancers arise due to genetic lesions resulting in deregulation of both proteins, and indeed the development and survival of tumours is often dependent on co-operativity between these protein families. In this review we will discuss the individual roles of both proteins in cancer, describe cancers where co-operativity between them has been well-characterised and finally, some strategies to target these proteins therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Douglas Fairlie
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia;
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3084, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3084, Australia
| | - Erinna F. Lee
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia;
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3084, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3084, Australia
- Correspondence:
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Arasu A, Balakrishnan P, Velusamy T. RNA sequencing analyses reveal differentially expressed genes and pathways as Notch2 targets in B-cell lymphoma. Oncotarget 2020; 11:4527-4540. [PMID: 33400727 PMCID: PMC7721612 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL) is a low grade, indolent B-cell neoplasm that comprises approximately 10% of all lymphoma. Notch2, a pivotal gene for marginal zone differentiation is found to be mutated in SMZL. Deregulated Notch2 signaling has been involved in tumorigenesis and also in B-cell malignancies. However the role of Notch2 and the downstream pathways that it influences for development of B-cell lymphoma remains unclear. In recent years, RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) has become a functional and convincing technology for profiling gene expression and to discover new genes and transcripts that are involved in disease development in a single experiment. In the present study, using transcriptome sequencing approach, we have identified key genes and pathways that are probably the underlying cause in the development of B-cell lymphoma. We have identified a total of 15,083 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 1067 differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) between control and Notch2 knockdown B cells. Gene Ontology (GO) term enrichment and pathway analysis were applied for the identification of key genes and pathways involved in development of B-cell lymphoma. In addition, intermediate genes of top canonical pathways such as PI3K/AKT and NF-kB were found to be downregulated with Notch2 knockdown, indicating that these pathways could be the putative downstream effectors through which Notch2 mediates its oncogenic effects. Taken collectively, the identified crop of genes and pathways may be considered as targets for the treatment of B-cell lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Arasu
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Pavithra Balakrishnan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Thirunavukkarasu Velusamy
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
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Lin VS, Xu ZF, Huang DCS, Thijssen R. BH3 Mimetics for the Treatment of B-Cell Malignancies-Insights and Lessons from the Clinic. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113353. [PMID: 33198338 PMCID: PMC7696913 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary B-cell malignancies, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), and plasma cell dyscrasias, are significant contributors to cancer morbidity and mortality worldwide. The pathogenesis of many B-cell malignancies involves perturbations in the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis that allow cells to evade cell death. BH3 mimetics represent a class of anti-cancer agents that can restore the ability of cancer cells to undergo apoptosis. Venetoclax, a recently approved BH3 mimetic, has transformed the therapeutic landscape for CLL. Other BH3 mimetics are currently under development. This review summarizes the available data on existing BH3 mimetics and highlights both the rapidly expanding role of BH3 mimetics in the treatment of B-cell malignancies and the clinical challenges of their use. Abstract The discovery of the link between defective apoptotic regulation and cancer cell survival engendered the idea of targeting aberrant components of the apoptotic machinery for cancer therapy. The intrinsic pathway of apoptosis is tightly controlled by interactions amongst members of three distinct subgroups of the B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) family of proteins. The pro-survival BCL2 proteins prevent apoptosis by keeping the pro-apoptotic effector proteins BCL2-associated X protein (BAX) and BCL2 homologous antagonist/killer (BAK) in check, while the BH3-only proteins initiate apoptosis by either neutralizing the pro-survival BCL2 proteins or directly activating the pro-apoptotic effector proteins. This tripartite regulatory mechanism is commonly perturbed in B-cell malignancies facilitating cell death evasion. Over the past two decades, structure-based drug discovery has resulted in the development of a series of small molecules that mimic the function of BH3-only proteins called the BH3 mimetics. The most clinically advanced of these is venetoclax, which is a highly selective inhibitor of BCL2 that has transformed the treatment landscape for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Other BH3 mimetics, which selectively target myeloid cell leukemia 1 (MCL1) and B-cell lymphoma extra large (BCLxL), are currently under investigation for use in diverse malignancies. Here, we review the current role of BH3 mimetics in the treatment of CLL and other B-cell malignancies and address open questions in this rapidly evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor S. Lin
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, 3052 Parkville, Australia; (V.S.L.); (Z.-F.X.); (D.C.S.H.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, 3000 Melbourne, Australia
| | - Zhuo-Fan Xu
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, 3052 Parkville, Australia; (V.S.L.); (Z.-F.X.); (D.C.S.H.)
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 30 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China
| | - David C. S. Huang
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, 3052 Parkville, Australia; (V.S.L.); (Z.-F.X.); (D.C.S.H.)
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, 3000 Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rachel Thijssen
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, 3052 Parkville, Australia; (V.S.L.); (Z.-F.X.); (D.C.S.H.)
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, 3000 Melbourne, Australia
- Correspondence:
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BCL-W is dispensable for the sustained survival of select Burkitt lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cell lines. Blood Adv 2020; 4:356-366. [PMID: 31985804 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019000541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated expression of BCL-2 family proteins allows cancer cells to escape apoptosis. To counter this, BH3-mimetic drugs that target and inhibit select BCL-2 prosurvival proteins to induce apoptosis have been developed for cancer therapy. Venetoclax, which targets BCL-2, has been effective as therapy for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and MCL-1-targeting BH3-mimetic drugs have been extensively evaluated in preclinical studies for a range of blood cancers. Recently, BCL-W, a relatively understudied prosurvival member of the BCL-2 protein family, has been reported to be abnormally upregulated in Burkitt lymphoma (BL), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and Hodgkin lymphoma patient samples. Therefore, to determine if BCL-W would be a promising therapeutic target for B-cell lymphomas, we have examined the role of BCL-W in the sustained growth of human BL- and DLBCL-derived cell lines. We found that CRISPR/CAS9-mediated loss or short hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown of BCL-W expression in selected BL and DLBCL cell lines did not lead to spontaneous apoptosis and had no effect on their sensitivity to a range of BH3-mimetic drugs targeting other BCL-2 prosurvival proteins. Our results suggest that BCL-W is not universally required for the sustained growth and survival of human BL and DLBCL cell lines. Thus, targeting BCL-W in this subset of B-cell lymphomas may not be of broad therapeutic benefit.
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16
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Roué G, Sola B. Management of Drug Resistance in Mantle Cell Lymphoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061565. [PMID: 32545704 PMCID: PMC7352245 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare but aggressive B-cell hemopathy characterized by the translocation t(11;14)(q13;q32) that leads to the overexpression of the cell cycle regulatory protein cyclin D1. This translocation is the initial event of the lymphomagenesis, but tumor cells can acquire additional alterations allowing the progression of the disease with a more aggressive phenotype and a tight dependency on microenvironment signaling. To date, the chemotherapeutic-based standard care is largely inefficient and despite the recent advent of different targeted therapies including proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory drugs, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, relapses are frequent and are generally related to a dismal prognosis. As a result, MCL remains an incurable disease. In this review, we will present the molecular mechanisms of drug resistance learned from both preclinical and clinical experiences in MCL, detailing the main tumor intrinsic processes and signaling pathways associated to therapeutic drug escape. We will also discuss the possibility to counteract the acquisition of drug refractoriness through the design of more efficient strategies, with an emphasis on the most recent combination approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaël Roué
- Lymphoma Translational Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Correspondence: (G.R.); (B.S.); Tel.: +34-935572800 (ext. 4080) (G.R.); +33-231068210 (B.S.)
| | - Brigitte Sola
- MICAH Team, INSERM U1245, UNICAEN, CEDEX 5, 14032 Caen, France
- Correspondence: (G.R.); (B.S.); Tel.: +34-935572800 (ext. 4080) (G.R.); +33-231068210 (B.S.)
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17
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Sordo-Bahamonde C, Lorenzo-Herrero S, Payer ÁR, Gonzalez S, López-Soto A. Mechanisms of Apoptosis Resistance to NK Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103726. [PMID: 32466293 PMCID: PMC7279491 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are major contributors to immunosurveillance and control of tumor development by inducing apoptosis of malignant cells. Among the main mechanisms involved in NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity, the death receptor pathway and the release of granules containing perforin/granzymes stand out due to their efficacy in eliminating tumor cells. However, accumulated evidence suggest a profound immune suppression in the context of tumor progression affecting effector cells, such as NK cells, leading to decreased cytotoxicity. This diminished capability, together with the development of resistance to apoptosis by cancer cells, favor the loss of immunogenicity and promote immunosuppression, thus partially inducing NK cell-mediated killing resistance. Altered expression patterns of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins along with genetic background comprise the main mechanisms of resistance to NK cell-related apoptosis. Herein, we summarize the main effector cytotoxic mechanisms against tumor cells, as well as the major resistance strategies acquired by tumor cells that hamper the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways related to NK cell-mediated killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Sordo-Bahamonde
- Department of Functional Biology, Immunology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (S.L.-H.); (S.G.)
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, IUOPA, 33006 Oviedo, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Correspondence: (C.S.-B.); (A.L.-S.)
| | - Seila Lorenzo-Herrero
- Department of Functional Biology, Immunology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (S.L.-H.); (S.G.)
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, IUOPA, 33006 Oviedo, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ángel R. Payer
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, IUOPA, 33006 Oviedo, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Segundo Gonzalez
- Department of Functional Biology, Immunology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (S.L.-H.); (S.G.)
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, IUOPA, 33006 Oviedo, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Alejandro López-Soto
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, IUOPA, 33006 Oviedo, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Correspondence: (C.S.-B.); (A.L.-S.)
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Potent efficacy of MCL-1 inhibitor-based therapies in preclinical models of mantle cell lymphoma. Oncogene 2019; 39:2009-2023. [PMID: 31772331 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-1122-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis-regulating BCL-2 family members, which can promote malignant transformation and resistance to therapy, have become prime therapeutic targets, as illustrated by the striking efficacy in certain lymphoid malignancies of the BCL-2-specific inhibitor venetoclax. In other lymphoid malignancies, however, such as the aggressive mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), cell survival might rely instead or also on BCL-2 relative MCL-1. We have explored MCL-1 as a target for killing MCL cells by both genetic and pharmacologic approaches. In several MCL cell lines, MCL-1 knockout with an inducible CRISPR/Cas9 system triggered spontaneous apoptosis. Accordingly, most MCL cell lines proved sensitive to the specific MCL-1 inhibitor S63845, and MCL-1 inhibition also proved efficacious in an MCL xenograft model. Furthermore, its killing efficacy rose on combination with venetoclax, the BCL-XL-specific inhibitor A-1331852, or Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor ibrutinib, which reduced pro-survival signals. We also tested the MCL-1 inhibitor in primary samples from 13 MCL patients, using CD40L-expressing feeder cells to model their microenvironmental support. Notably, all unstimulated primary MCL samples were very sensitive to S63845, but the CD40L stimulation attenuated their sensitivity. Mass cytometric analysis revealed that the stimulation likely conveyed protection by elevating BCL-XL and MCL-1. Accordingly, sensitivity of the CD40L-stimulated cells to S63845 was substantially restored by co-treatment with venetoclax, the BCL-XL-specific inhibitor or ibrutinib. Overall, our findings indicate that MCL-1 is very important for survival of MCL cells and that the MCL-1 inhibitor, both alone and together with ibrutinib, venetoclax or a BCL-XL inhibitor, offers promise for novel improved MCL therapies.
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19
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Wang JD, Katz SG, Morgan EA, Yang DT, Pan X, Xu ML. Proapoptotic protein BIM as a novel prognostic marker in mantle cell lymphoma. Hum Pathol 2019; 93:54-64. [PMID: 31425695 PMCID: PMC7038910 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2019.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an aggressive B-cell lymphoma. Numerous studies have demonstrated many genetic aberrations in MCL in addition to the characteristic t(11:14), including frequent biallelic deletions of Bim, a proapoptotic member of the BCL-2 family. In mice, Bim deletion coupled with cyclin D1 overexpression generates pathologic and molecular features of human MCL. Since the regulation of apoptosis is crucial in MCL pathogenesis, we hypothesize that BIM expression may be associated with tumor cell survival. Clinical data and tissue from 100 nodal MCL cases between 1988 and 2009 were collected from three large academic medical centers. The average patient age of our MCL cohort was 65.5 years old (range, 42-97) with a 2:1 male to female ratio. Immunohistochemistry was performed with a validated anti-BIM antibody. Patients were separated into low and high BIM-expressing categories with a cutoff of 80%. As expected for a proapoptotic tumor suppressor, patients with high BIM expression were less likely to have progressive disease and more likely to have a complete response (P = .022). In addition, high BIM-expressing MCL tumors revealed a trend toward increased overall survival with this trend persisting in sub-analysis of Ann Arbor stages III and IV. No correlation between BIM expression, Ki-67 index, and MIPI score was observed, suggesting a role for BIM as a novel independent prognostic factor. While BIM is only one member of a complex family of apoptosis-regulating proteins, these findings may yield clinically relevant information for the prognosis and therapeutic susceptibility of MCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff D Wang
- Department of Pathology, Yale New Haven Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510.
| | - Samuel G Katz
- Department of Pathology, Yale New Haven Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510.
| | - Elizabeth A Morgan
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115.
| | - David T Yang
- Department of Pathology, University of Wisconsin Medical Center, Madison, WI 53705-2281.
| | - Xueliang Pan
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210.
| | - Mina L Xu
- Department of Pathology, Yale New Haven Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510.
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20
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Klener P. Advances in Molecular Biology and Targeted Therapy of Mantle Cell Lymphoma. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184417. [PMID: 31500350 PMCID: PMC6770169 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a heterogeneous malignancy with a broad spectrum of clinical behavior from indolent to highly aggressive cases. Despite the fact that MCL remains in most cases incurable by currently applied immunochemotherapy, our increasing knowledge on the biology of MCL in the last two decades has led to the design, testing, and approval of several innovative agents that dramatically changed the treatment landscape for MCL patients. Most importantly, the implementation of new drugs and novel treatment algorithms into clinical practice has successfully translated into improved outcomes of MCL patients not only in the clinical trials, but also in real life. This review focuses on recent advances in our understanding of the pathogenesis of MCL, and provides a brief survey of currently used treatment options with special focus on mode of action of selected innovative anti-lymphoma molecules. Finally, it outlines future perspectives of patient management with progressive shift from generally applied immunotherapy toward risk-stratified, patient-tailored protocols that would implement innovative agents and/or procedures with the ultimate goal to eradicate the lymphoma and cure the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Klener
- First Dept. of Medicine-Hematology, General University Hospital in Prague, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic.
- Institute of Pathological Physiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 128 53 Prague, Czech Republic.
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22
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Zhao J, Wozniak A, Adams A, Cox J, Vittal A, Voss J, Bridges B, Weinman SA, Li Z. SIRT7 regulates hepatocellular carcinoma response to therapy by altering the p53-dependent cell death pathway. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:252. [PMID: 31196136 PMCID: PMC6567523 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1246-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Optimal therapeutic strategies for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients are still challenging due to the high recurrence rate after surgical resection and chemotherapy resistance. Growing evidence shows that genetic and epigenetic alterations are involved in HCC progression and resistance to therapy, however the molecular mechanisms underlying resistance to therapy have not been fully understood. Methods Expression of SIRT7 in 17 paired paraffin-embedded HCC tissues and adjacent nontumoral liver tissues was examined by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. The mRNA expression of SIRT7 in 20 paired frozen HCC tissues and adjacent nontumoral liver tissues was analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR. The biologic consequences of overexpression and knockdown of SIRT7 in HCC therapy sensitivity were studied in vitro and in vivo. Interaction between SIRT7 and p53 were studied in HCC cell lines. Results SIRT7 expression was frequently upregulated in clinical HCC samples, and its expression was highly associated with TACE-resistance and poor survival (P = 0.008.) Depletion of SIRT7 from multiple liver cancer cell lines significantly increased doxorubicin toxicity while overexpression of SIRT7 largely abolished doxorubicin induced apoptosis. At the molecular level, we observed that SIRT7 interacts with and induces deacetylation of p53 at lysines 320 and 373. Deacetylated p53 showed significantly less affinity for the NOXA promoter and its transcription. In mouse xenografts, SIRT7 suppression increased doxorubicin induced p53 activation, inhibited tumor growth and induced apoptosis. Conclusion The newly identified SIRT7-p53-NOXA axis partially illustrates the molecular mechanism of HCC resistance to therapy and represents a novel potential therapeutic target for HCC treatment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-019-1246-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Mailstop 1018, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Ann Wozniak
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Mailstop 1018, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Abby Adams
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Mailstop 1018, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Josiah Cox
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Mailstop 1018, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Anusha Vittal
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Mailstop 1018, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Jordan Voss
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Mailstop 1018, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Brian Bridges
- Liver Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Steven A Weinman
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Mailstop 1018, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA. .,Liver Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
| | - Zhuan Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Mailstop 1018, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
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Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) activates NKL homeobox gene HLX in DLBCL. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216898. [PMID: 31141539 PMCID: PMC6541347 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
NKL homeobox genes encode developmental transcription factors regulating basic processes in cell differentiation. According to their physiological expression pattern in early hematopoiesis and lymphopoiesis, particular members of this homeobox gene subclass constitute an NKL-code. B-cell specific NKL-code genes generate a regulatory network and their deregulation is implicated in B-cell lymphomagenesis. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infects B-cells and influences the activity of signalling pathways including JAK/STAT and several genes encoding developmental regulators. Therefore, EBV-infection impacts the pathogenesis and the outcome of B-cell malignancies including Hodgkin lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Here, we isolated EBV-positive and EBV-negative subclones from the DLBCL derived cell line DOHH-2. These subclones served as models to investigate the role of EBV in deregulation of the B-cell specific NKL-code members HHEX, HLX, MSX1 and NKX6-3. We showed that the EBV-encoded factors LMP1 and LMP2A activated the expression of HLX via STAT3. HLX in turn repressed NKX6-3, SPIB and IL4R which normally mediate plasma cell differentiation. In addition, HLX repressed the pro-apoptotic factor BCL2L11/BIM and hence supported cell survival. Thus, EBV aberrantly activated HLX in DLBCL, thereby disturbing both B-cell differentiation and apoptosis. The results of our study appreciate the pathogenic role of EBV in NKL homeobox gene deregulation and B-cell malignancies.
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Huang C, Chen D, Zhu H, Lv S, Li Q, Li G. LITAF Enhances Radiosensitivity of Human Glioma Cells via the FoxO1 Pathway. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2019; 39:871-882. [PMID: 31098771 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-019-00686-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor alpha factor (LITAF), also called p53-induced gene 7 (PIG7), was identified as a transcription factor that activates transcription of proinflammatory cytokines in macrophages in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Previous studies have identified LITAF as a potential tumor suppressor in several neoplasms, including prostate cancer, B-NHL, acute myeloid leukemia, and pancreatic cancer. However, the expression and function of LITAF in human glioma remain unexplained. The present study aimed to analyze the regulation of LITAF in gliomas. Data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database revealed that LITAF mRNA expression in glioma tissues was higher than that in normal brain tissues, and lower LITAF expression in gliomas showed a good prognosis in patients who received radiotherapy, by Kaplan-Meier analysis. In our collected specimens, however, LITAF showed low expression in glioma tissues compared to that in the normal brain tissue. Proliferation and apoptosis of glioma cells were not affected by knockdown or overexpression of LITAF in glioma U251, U373, and U87 cells, but LITAF was able to enhance the radiosensitivity of glioma cells. Furthermore, we found that LITAF enhanced radiosensitivity via FoxO1 and its specific downstream targets BIM, TRAIL, and FASLG. Taken together, our present results demonstrate that LITAF expression is decreased in glioma tissues and might enhance radiosensitivity of glioma cells via upregulation of the FoxO1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changlin Huang
- Cancer Research Institute of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Diangang Chen
- Cancer Research Institute of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Hongfan Zhu
- Cancer Research Institute of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Shengqing Lv
- Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Qingrui Li
- Pathology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Guanghui Li
- Cancer Research Institute of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China.
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Prukova D, Andera L, Nahacka Z, Karolova J, Svaton M, Klanova M, Havranek O, Soukup J, Svobodova K, Zemanova Z, Tuskova D, Pokorna E, Helman K, Forsterova K, Pacheco-Blanco M, Vockova P, Berkova A, Fronkova E, Trneny M, Klener P. Cotargeting of BCL2 with Venetoclax and MCL1 with S63845 Is Synthetically Lethal In Vivo in Relapsed Mantle Cell Lymphoma. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:4455-4465. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-3275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Cui R, Ye S, Zhong J, Liu L, Li S, Lin X, Yuan L, Yi L. MicroRNA‑494 inhibits apoptosis of murine vascular smooth muscle cells in vitro. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:4457-4467. [PMID: 30942414 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is a process that regulates vessel remodeling in various cardiovascular diseases. The specific mechanisms that control VSMC apoptosis remain unclear. The present study aimed to investigate whether microRNA‑494 (miR‑494) is involved in regulating VSMC apoptosis and its underlying mechanisms. Cell death ELISA and terminal deoxynucleotidyl‑transferase‑mediated dUTP nick end labeling assays were used to detect apoptosis of murine VSMCs following stimulation with tumor necrosis factor‑α (TNF‑α). The results indicated that TNF‑α upregulated VSMC apoptosis in a dose‑dependent manner. Microarray analysis was used to evaluate the expression profile of microRNAs following TNF‑α stimulation in murine VSMCs. The expression of miR‑494 was downregulated, whereas B‑cell lymphoma-2‑like 11 (BCL2L11) protein expression levels were upregulated in VSMCs following treatment with TNF‑α. Luciferase reporter assays confirmed that BCL2L11 was a direct target of miR‑494. Transfection with miR‑494 mimics decreased VSMC apoptosis and downregulated BCL2L11 protein levels. Conversely, transfection with miR‑494 inhibitors increased cell apoptosis and upregulated BCL2L11 protein levels, suggesting that miR‑494 may function as an essential regulator of BCL2L11. The increase in apoptosis caused by miR‑494 inhibitors was abolished in cells co‑transfected with BCL2L11‑targeting small interfering RNA. The findings of the present study revealed that miR‑494 inhibited TNF‑α‑induced VSMC apoptosis by downregulating the expression of BCL2L11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Cui
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Senlin Ye
- Department of Urologic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Jiayu Zhong
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Lingjuan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Shijun Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Lin
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Lingqing Yuan
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Lu Yi
- Department of Urologic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
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27
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Mizuno Y, Chinen Y, Tsukamoto T, Takimoto-Shimomura T, Matsumura-Kimoto Y, Fujibayashi Y, Kuwahara-Ota S, Fujino T, Nishiyama D, Shimura Y, Kobayashi T, Horiike S, Taniwaki M, Kuroda J. A novel method of amplified fluorescent in situ hybridization for detection of chromosomal microdeletions in B cell lymphoma. Int J Hematol 2019; 109:593-602. [PMID: 30830578 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-019-02617-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chromosomal microdeletions frequently cause loss of prognostically relevant tumor suppressor genes in hematologic malignancies; however, detection of minute deletions by conventional methods for chromosomal analysis, such as G-banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), is difficult due to their low resolution. Here, we describe a new diagnostic modality that enables detection of chromosomal microdeletions, using CDKN2A gene deletion in B cell lymphomas (BCLs) as an example. In this method, which we refer to as amplified-FISH (AM-FISH), a 31-kb fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated DNA probe encoding only CDKN2A was first hybridized with the chromosome, and then labeled with Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated anti-FITC secondary antibody to increase sensitivity. CDKN2A signals were equally identifiable by AM-FISH and conventional FISH in normal mononuclear blood cells. In contrast, when two BCL cell lines lacking CDKN2A were analyzed, CDKN2A signals were not detected by AM-FISH, whereas conventional FISH yielded false signals. Furthermore, AM-FISH detected CDKN2A deletions in two BCL patients with 9p21 microdeletions, which were not detected by conventional FISH. These results suggest that AM-FISH is a highly sensitive, specific, and simple method for diagnosis of chromosomal microdeletions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimi Mizuno
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Chinen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.
| | - Taku Tsukamoto
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Tomoko Takimoto-Shimomura
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yayoi Matsumura-Kimoto
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yuto Fujibayashi
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Saeko Kuwahara-Ota
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Takahiro Fujino
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Daichi Nishiyama
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yuji Shimura
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Kobayashi
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Shigeo Horiike
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Masafumi Taniwaki
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Junya Kuroda
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
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28
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Liu S, Chan HL, Bai F, Ma J, Scott A, Robbins DJ, Capobianco AJ, Zhu P, Pei XH. Gata3 restrains B cell proliferation and cooperates with p18INK4c to repress B cell lymphomagenesis. Oncotarget 2018; 7:64007-64020. [PMID: 27588406 PMCID: PMC5325421 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
GATA3, a lineage specifier, controls lymphoid cell differentiation and its function in T cell commitment and development has been extensively studied. GATA3 promotes T cell specification by repressing B cell potential in pro T cells and decreased GATA3 expression is essential for early B cell commitment. Inherited genetic variation in GATA3 has been associated with lymphoma susceptibility. However, it remains elusive how the loss of function of GATA3 promotes B cell development and induces B cell lymphomas. In this study, we found that haploid loss of Gata3 by heterozygous germline deletion increased B cell populations in the bone marrow (BM) and spleen, and decreased CD4 T cell populations in the thymus, confirming that Gata3 promotes T and suppresses B cell development. We discovered that haploid loss of Gata3 reduced thymocyte proliferation with induction of p18Ink4c (p18), an inhibitor of CDK4 and CDK6, but enhanced B cell proliferation in the BM and spleen independent of p18. Loss of p18 partially restored Gata3 deficient thymocyte proliferation, but further stimulated Gata3 deficient B cell proliferation in the BM and spleen. Furthermore, we discovered that haploid loss of Gata3 in p18 deficient mice led to the development of B cell lymphomas that were capable of rapidly regenerating tumors when transplanted into immunocompromised mice. These results indicate that Gata3 deficiency promotes B cell differentiation and proliferation, and cooperates with p18 loss to induce B cell lymphomas. This study, for the first time, reveals that Gata3 is a tumor suppressor specifically in B cell lymphomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqin Liu
- Department of Hematology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China.,Molecular Oncology Program, Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL 33136, Miami
| | - Ho Lam Chan
- Molecular Oncology Program, Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL 33136, Miami
| | - Feng Bai
- Molecular Oncology Program, Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL 33136, Miami
| | - Jinshan Ma
- Molecular Oncology Program, Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL 33136, Miami.,Xinjiang Uigur Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Xinjiang, 830001, China
| | - Alexandria Scott
- Molecular Oncology Program, Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL 33136, Miami.,The Sheila and David Fuente Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL 33136, Miami
| | - David J Robbins
- Molecular Oncology Program, Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL 33136, Miami.,Sylvester Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL 33136, Miami
| | - Anthony J Capobianco
- Molecular Oncology Program, Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL 33136, Miami.,Sylvester Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL 33136, Miami
| | - Ping Zhu
- Department of Hematology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Xin-Hai Pei
- Molecular Oncology Program, Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL 33136, Miami.,The Sheila and David Fuente Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL 33136, Miami.,Sylvester Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL 33136, Miami
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29
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Nagel S, Pommerenke C, Meyer C, Kaufmann M, MacLeod RA, Drexler HG. Aberrant expression of NKL homeobox gene HLX in Hodgkin lymphoma. Oncotarget 2018; 9:14338-14353. [PMID: 29581848 PMCID: PMC5865674 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
NKL homeobox genes are basic regulators of cell and tissue differentiation, many acting as oncogenes in T-cell leukemia. Recently, we described an hematopoietic NKL-code comprising six particular NKL homeobox genes expressed in hematopoietic stem cells and lymphoid progenitors, unmasking their physiological roles in the development of these cell types. Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is a B-cell malignancy showing aberrant activity of several developmental genes resulting in disturbed B-cell differentiation. To examine potential concordances in abnormal lymphoid differentiation of T- and B-cell malignancies we analyzed the expression of the hematopoietic NKL-code associated genes in HL, comprising HHEX, HLX, MSX1, NKX2-3, NKX3-1 and NKX6-3. Our approach revealed aberrant HLX activity in 8 % of classical HL patients and additionally in HL cell line L-540. Accordingly, to identify upstream regulators and downstream target genes of HLX we used L-540 cells as a model and performed chromosome and genome analyses, comparative expression profiling and functional assays via knockdown and overexpression experiments therein. These investigations excluded chromosomal rearrangements of the HLX locus at 1q41 and demonstrated that STAT3 operated directly as transcriptional activator of the HLX gene. Moreover, subcellular analyses showed highly enriched STAT3 protein in the nucleus of L-540 cells which underwent cytoplasmic translocation by repressing deacetylation. Finally, HLX inhibited transcription of B-cell differentiation factors MSX1, BCL11A and SPIB and of pro-apoptotic factor BCL2L11/BIM, thereby suppressing Etoposide-induced cell death. Collectively, we propose that aberrantly expressed NKL homeobox gene HLX is part of a pathological gene network in HL, driving deregulated B-cell differentiation and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Nagel
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Claudia Pommerenke
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Corinna Meyer
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Maren Kaufmann
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Roderick A.F. MacLeod
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Hans G. Drexler
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
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30
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Shi Y, Kuai Y, Lei L, Weng Y, Berberich-Siebelt F, Zhang X, Wang J, Zhou Y, Jiang X, Ren G, Pan H, Mao Z, Zhou R. The feedback loop of LITAF and BCL6 is involved in regulating apoptosis in B cell non-Hodgkin's-lymphoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:77444-77456. [PMID: 27764808 PMCID: PMC5363597 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of the apoptotic pathway is widely recognized as a key step in lymphomagenesis. Notably, LITAF was initially identified as a p53-inducible gene, subsequently implicated as a tumor suppressor. Our previous study also showed LITAF to be methylated in 89.5% B-NHL samples. Conversely, deregulated expression of BCL6 is a pathogenic event in many lymphomas. Interestingly, our study found an oppositional expression of LITAF and BCL6 in B-NHL. In addition, LITAF was recently identified as a novel target gene of BCL6. Therefore, we sought to explore the feedback loop between LITAF and BCL6 in B-NHL. Here, our data for the first time show that LITAF can repress expression of BCL6 by binding to Region A (-87 to +65) containing a putative LITAF-binding motif (CTCCC) within the BCL6 promoter. Furthermore, the regulation of BCL6 targets ( PRDM1 or c-Myc) by LITAF may be associated with B-cell differentiation. Results also demonstrate that ectopic expression of LITAF induces cell apoptosis, activated by releasing cytochrome c, cleaving PARP and caspase 3 in B-NHL cells whereas knockdown of LITAF robustly protected cells from apoptosis. Interestingly, BCL6, in turn, could reverse cell apoptosis mediated by LITAF. Collectively, our findings provide a novel apoptotic regulatory pathway in which LITAF, as a transcription factor, inhibits the expression of BCL6, which leads to activation of the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway and tumor apoptosis. Our study is expected to provide a possible biomarker as well as a target for clinical therapies to promote tumor cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Shi
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue Kuai
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lizhen Lei
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Weng
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | | | | | - Jinjie Wang
- Department of Pathology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Postgraduate School in Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guoping Ren
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Zhengrong Mao
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ren Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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31
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Aira LE, Villa E, Colosetti P, Gamas P, Signetti L, Obba S, Proics E, Gautier F, Bailly-Maitre B, Jacquel A, Robert G, Luciano F, Juin PP, Ricci JE, Auberger P, Marchetti S. The oncogenic tyrosine kinase Lyn impairs the pro-apoptotic function of Bim. Oncogene 2018; 37:2122-2136. [PMID: 29391601 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-017-0112-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorylation of Ser/Thr residues is a well-established modulating mechanism of the pro-apoptotic function of the BH3-only protein Bim. However, nothing is known about the putative tyrosine phosphorylation of this Bcl-2 family member and its potential impact on Bim function and subsequent Bax/Bak-mediated cytochrome c release and apoptosis. As we have previously shown that the tyrosine kinase Lyn could behave as an anti-apoptotic molecule, we investigated whether this Src family member could directly regulate the pro-apoptotic function of Bim. In the present study, we show that Bim is phosphorylated onto tyrosine residues 92 and 161 by Lyn, which results in an inhibition of its pro-apoptotic function. Mechanistically, we show that Lyn-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of Bim increases its interaction with anti-apoptotic members such as Bcl-xL, therefore limiting mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization and subsequent apoptosis. Collectively, our data uncover one molecular mechanism through which the oncogenic tyrosine kinase Lyn negatively regulates the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, which may contribute to the transformation and/or the chemotherapeutic resistance of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elodie Villa
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, C3M, Nice, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Emma Proics
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, C3M, Nice, France
| | - Fabien Gautier
- CRCINA, UMR 1232 INSERM, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Institut de Recherche en Santé-Université de Nantes, 8 Quai Moncousu - BP 70721, 44007, Nantes Cedex 1, France.,Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Bvd J Monod, Site René Gauducheau, 44805, Saint-Herblain, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Philippe P Juin
- CRCINA, UMR 1232 INSERM, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Institut de Recherche en Santé-Université de Nantes, 8 Quai Moncousu - BP 70721, 44007, Nantes Cedex 1, France.,Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Bvd J Monod, Site René Gauducheau, 44805, Saint-Herblain, France
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32
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LITAF is a potential tumor suppressor in pancreatic cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 9:3131-3142. [PMID: 29423035 PMCID: PMC5790452 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer, one of the most deadly cancers with low survival rates, is difficult, and effective biomarkers are urgently needed. Lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor-α factor (LITAF) has been recently proposed as a potential tumor suppressor gene in several types of cancer. Here, we analyzed the biological function of LITAF in pancreatic cancer. The LITAF gene and protein levels were decreased in pancreatic tumor tissues compared with their paired adjacent non-cancerous tissues. In addition, patients with the lower LITAF protein expression had lower disease-free survival rates. The decreased LITAF expression correlated with LITAF promoter hypermethylation in pancreatic cancer cells and tissues. Moreover, promoter demethylation dose-dependently increased the LITAF transcription. Importantly, LITAF demethylation suppressed proliferation and cell cycle progression, and enhanced apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells. Together, our results indicate that LITAF functions as a tumor suppressor gene in pancreatic cancer cells, and might serve as a novel biomarker for early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.
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33
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Singh PK, Roukounakis A, Frank DO, Kirschnek S, Das KK, Neumann S, Madl J, Römer W, Zorzin C, Borner C, Haimovici A, Garcia-Saez A, Weber A, Häcker G. Dynein light chain 1 induces assembly of large Bim complexes on mitochondria that stabilize Mcl-1 and regulate apoptosis. Genes Dev 2017; 31:1754-1769. [PMID: 28982759 PMCID: PMC5666674 DOI: 10.1101/gad.302497.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, Singh et al. investigated Bim structure and activity and show that Bim is regulated by the formation of large protein complexes containing dynein light chain 1 (DLC1). Their findings demonstrate that control of apoptosis at mitochondria extends beyond the interaction of monomers of proapoptotic and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members and involves more complex structures of proteins at the mitochondrial outer membrane. The Bcl-2 family protein Bim triggers mitochondrial apoptosis. Bim is expressed in nonapoptotic cells at the mitochondrial outer membrane, where it is activated by largely unknown mechanisms. We found that Bim is regulated by formation of large protein complexes containing dynein light chain 1 (DLC1). Bim rapidly inserted into cardiolipin-containing membranes in vitro and recruited DLC1 to the membrane. Bim binding to DLC1 induced the formation of large Bim complexes on lipid vesicles, on isolated mitochondria, and in intact cells. Native gel electrophoresis and gel filtration showed Bim-containing mitochondrial complexes of several hundred kilodaltons in all cells tested. Bim unable to form complexes was consistently more active than complexed Bim, which correlated with its substantially reduced binding to anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins. At endogenous levels, Bim surprisingly bound only anti-apoptotic Mcl-1 but not Bcl-2 or Bcl-XL, recruiting only Mcl-1 into large complexes. Targeting of DLC1 by RNAi in human cell lines induced disassembly of Bim–Mcl-1 complexes and the proteasomal degradation of Mcl-1 and sensitized the cells to the Bcl-2/Bcl-XL inhibitor ABT-737. Regulation of apoptosis at mitochondria thus extends beyond the interaction of monomers of proapoptotic and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members but involves more complex structures of proteins at the mitochondrial outer membrane, and targeting complexes may be a novel therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prafull Kumar Singh
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Aristomenis Roukounakis
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel O Frank
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Kirschnek
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kushal Kumar Das
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry (IFIB), University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Simon Neumann
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Josef Madl
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Winfried Römer
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Carina Zorzin
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Borner
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Aladin Haimovici
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ana Garcia-Saez
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry (IFIB), University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Arnim Weber
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Georg Häcker
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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34
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Therapeutics targeting Bcl-2 in hematological malignancies. Biochem J 2017; 474:3643-3657. [PMID: 29061914 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20170080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Members of the B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) gene family are attractive targets for cancer therapy as they play a key role in promoting cell survival, a long-since established hallmark of cancer. Clinical utility for selective inhibition of specific anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins has recently been realized with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of venetoclax (formerly ABT-199/GDC-0199) in relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) with 17p deletion. Despite the impressive monotherapy activity in CLL, such responses have rarely been observed in other B-cell malignancies, and preclinical data suggest that combination therapies will be needed in other indications. Additional selective antagonists of Bcl-2 family members, including Bcl-XL and Mcl-1, are in various stages of preclinical and clinical development and hold the promise of extending clinical utility beyond CLL and overcoming resistance to venetoclax. In addition to direct targeting of Bcl-2 family proteins with BH3 mimetics, combination therapies that aim at down-regulating expression of anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family members or restoring expression of pro-apoptotic BH3 family proteins may provide a means to deepen responses to venetoclax and extend the utility to additional indications. Here, we review recent progress in direct and selective targeting of Bcl-2 family proteins for cancer therapy and the search for rationale combinations.
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Pan ST, Li ZL, He ZX, Qiu JX, Zhou SF. Molecular mechanisms for tumour resistance to chemotherapy. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2017; 43:723-37. [PMID: 27097837 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is one of the prevailing methods used to treat malignant tumours, but the outcome and prognosis of tumour patients are not optimistic. Cancer cells gradually generate resistance to almost all chemotherapeutic drugs via a variety of distinct mechanisms and pathways. Chemotherapeutic resistance, either intrinsic or acquired, is caused and sustained by reduced drug accumulation and increased drug export, alterations in drug targets and signalling transduction molecules, increased repair of drug-induced DNA damage, and evasion of apoptosis. In order to better understand the mechanisms of chemoresistance, this review highlights our current knowledge of the role of altered drug metabolism and transport and deregulation of apoptosis and autophagy in the development of tumour chemoresistance. Reduced intracellular activation of prodrugs (e.g. thiotepa and tegafur) or enhanced drug inactivation by Phase I and II enzymes contributes to the development of chemoresistance. Both primary and acquired resistance can be caused by alterations in the transport of anticancer drugs which is mediated by a variety of drug transporters such as P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multidrug resistance associated proteins, and breast cancer resistance protein. Presently there is a line of evidence indicating that deregulation of programmed cell death including apoptosis and autophagy is also an important mechanism for tumour resistance to anticancer drugs. Reversal of chemoresistance is likely via pharmacological and biological approaches. Further studies are warranted to grasp the full picture of how each type of cancer cells develop resistance to anticancer drugs and to identify novel strategies to overcome it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ting Pan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Zhi-Ling Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Xu He
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Centre & Sino-US Joint Laboratory for Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Jia-Xuan Qiu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shu-Feng Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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Liu J, Bhadra M, Sinnakannu JR, Yue WL, Tan CW, Rigo F, Ong ST, Roca X. Overcoming imatinib resistance conferred by the BIM deletion polymorphism in chronic myeloid leukemia with splice-switching antisense oligonucleotides. Oncotarget 2017; 8:77567-77585. [PMID: 29100409 PMCID: PMC5652800 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Many tyrosine kinase-driven cancers, including chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), are characterized by high response rates to specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) like imatinib. In East Asians, primary imatinib resistance is caused by a deletion polymorphism in Intron 2 of the BIM gene, whose product is required for TKI-induced apoptosis. The deletion biases BIM splicing from exon 4 to exon 3, generating splice isoforms lacking the exon 4-encoded pro-apoptotic BH3 domain, which impairs the ability of TKIs to induce apoptosis. We sought to identify splice-switching antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) that block exon 3 but enhance exon 4 splicing, and thereby resensitize BIM deletion-containing cancers to imatinib. First, we mapped multiple cis-acting splicing elements around BIM exon 3 by minigene mutations, and found an exonic splicing enhancer acting via SRSF1. Second, by a systematic ASO walk, we isolated ASOs that corrected the aberrant BIM splicing. Eight of 67 ASOs increased exon 4 levels in BIM deletion-containing cells, and restored imatinib-induced apoptosis and TKI sensitivity. This proof-of-principle study proves that resistant CML cells by BIM deletion polymorphism can be resensitized to imatinib via splice-switching BIM ASOs. Future optimizations might yield a therapeutic ASO as precision-medicine adjuvant treatment for BIM-polymorphism-associated TKI-resistant CML and other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Malini Bhadra
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | | | - Wan Lin Yue
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.,CN Yang Scholars Programme, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Cheryl Weiqi Tan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Frank Rigo
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, California, USA
| | - S Tiong Ong
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Signature Research Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.,Department of Haematology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.,Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Xavier Roca
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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Liu K, Du J, Ruan L. MicroRNA-21 regulates the viability and apoptosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cells by upregulating B cell lymphoma-2. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:4489-4496. [PMID: 29067124 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), one of the most frequently diagnosed non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), is partly attributed to hereditary factors. MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) is an oncogenic substance that induces NHL and primarily targets tumor-suppressive molecules, such as B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2). The present study explored whether Bcl-2, targeted by miR-21, would affect the development of NHL. Specimens were harvested from 55 patients with DLBCL who had undergone surgical treatment. Expression levels of miR-21 and Bcl-2 were evaluated through reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry and western blotting. Luciferase-reporter assays were performed to investigate the potential association between miR-21 and Bcl-2. MTT assays, flow cytometric analysis and caspase-3 activity assays were used to evaluate cell viability and apoptosis of DLBCL cells, respectively. Furthermore, statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 19.0 software and the expression levels of miR-21 and Bcl-2 within DLBCL tissues were significantly upregulated when compared to those in normal tissues (P<0.01). As predicted by TargetScan, perfect base pairing was observed between the seed sequence of mature miR-21 and the 3' untranslated region of Bcl-2 mRNA. Dual luciferase reporter gene assays also revealed that miR-21 significantly facilitated the luciferase activity of Bcl-2 wild-type, with 61% upregulation (P<0.01) observed. MTT assays demonstrated that the viability of OCI-LY3 cells was decreased when cells were transfected with miR-21 inhibitor or Bcl-2 small interfering RNA and compared with those of control and negative control groups (all P<0.05). The apoptosis rate and caspase-3 activity level of the miR-21 group were 2.73±0.48 and 0.47±0.05, respectively, which were both significantly different from the groups with lower levels of miR-21 expression levels (all P<0.01). Since miR-21 may contribute to increased viability and decreased apoptosis of DLBCL cells through targeting Bcl-2, both Bcl-2 and miR-21 are likely to serve as effective targets for developing novel DLBCL treatments in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
| | - Jingxia Du
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
| | - Linhai Ruan
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
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38
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Apoptosis signaling and BCL-2 pathways provide opportunities for novel targeted therapeutic strategies in hematologic malignances. Blood Rev 2017; 32:8-28. [PMID: 28802908 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis is an essential biological process involved in tissue homeostasis and immunity. Aberrations of the two main apoptotic pathways, extrinsic and intrinsic, have been identified in hematological malignancies; many of these aberrations are associated with pathogenesis, prognosis and resistance to standard chemotherapeutic agents. Targeting components of the apoptotic pathways, especially the chief regulatory BCL-2 family in the intrinsic pathway, has proved to be a promising therapeutic approach for patients with hematological malignances, with the expectation of enhanced efficacy and reduced adverse events. Continuous investigations regarding the biological importance of each of the BCL-2 family components and the clinical rationale to achieve optimal therapeutic outcomes, using either monotherapy or in combination with other targeted agents, have generated inspiring progress in the field. Genomic, epigenomic and biological analyses including BH3 profiling facilitate effective evaluation of treatment response, cancer recurrence and drug resistance. In this review, we summarize the biological features of each of the components in the BCL-2 apoptotic pathways, analyze the regulatory mechanisms and the pivotal roles of BCL-2 family members in the pathogenesis of major types of hematologic malignances, and evaluate the potential of apoptosis- and BCL-2-targeted strategies as effective approaches in anti-cancer therapies.
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San José-Enériz E, Agirre X, Rabal O, Vilas-Zornoza A, Sanchez-Arias JA, Miranda E, Ugarte A, Roa S, Paiva B, Estella-Hermoso de Mendoza A, Alvarez RM, Casares N, Segura V, Martín-Subero JI, Ogi FX, Soule P, Santiveri CM, Campos-Olivas R, Castellano G, de Barrena MGF, Rodriguez-Madoz JR, García-Barchino MJ, Lasarte JJ, Avila MA, Martinez-Climent JA, Oyarzabal J, Prosper F. Discovery of first-in-class reversible dual small molecule inhibitors against G9a and DNMTs in hematological malignancies. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15424. [PMID: 28548080 PMCID: PMC5458547 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The indisputable role of epigenetics in cancer and the fact that epigenetic alterations can be reversed have favoured development of epigenetic drugs. In this study, we design and synthesize potent novel, selective and reversible chemical probes that simultaneously inhibit the G9a and DNMTs methyltransferase activity. In vitro treatment of haematological neoplasia (acute myeloid leukaemia-AML, acute lymphoblastic leukaemia-ALL and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma-DLBCL) with the lead compound CM-272, inhibits cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis, inducing interferon-stimulated genes and immunogenic cell death. CM-272 significantly prolongs survival of AML, ALL and DLBCL xenogeneic models. Our results represent the discovery of first-in-class dual inhibitors of G9a/DNMTs and establish this chemical series as a promising therapeutic tool for unmet needs in haematological tumours. Epigenetic drugs are emerging as a powerful therapeutic option for cancer treatment. Here, the authors synthesized selective chemical probes that simultaneously inhibit the G9a and DNMTs methyltransferase activity and demonstrate their anti-tumour activity using in vitro and in vivo models of haematological neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edurne San José-Enériz
- Area de Hemato-Oncología, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, IDISNA, Ciberonc, Universidad de Navarra, Avenida Pío XII, 55 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Xabier Agirre
- Area de Hemato-Oncología, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, IDISNA, Ciberonc, Universidad de Navarra, Avenida Pío XII, 55 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Obdulia Rabal
- Small Molecule Discovery Platform, Molecular Therapeutics Program, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Avenida Pío XII, 55 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Amaia Vilas-Zornoza
- Area de Hemato-Oncología, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, IDISNA, Ciberonc, Universidad de Navarra, Avenida Pío XII, 55 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Juan A Sanchez-Arias
- Small Molecule Discovery Platform, Molecular Therapeutics Program, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Avenida Pío XII, 55 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Estibaliz Miranda
- Area de Hemato-Oncología, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, IDISNA, Ciberonc, Universidad de Navarra, Avenida Pío XII, 55 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana Ugarte
- Small Molecule Discovery Platform, Molecular Therapeutics Program, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Avenida Pío XII, 55 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sergio Roa
- Area de Hemato-Oncología, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, IDISNA, Ciberonc, Universidad de Navarra, Avenida Pío XII, 55 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Bruno Paiva
- Area de Hemato-Oncología, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, IDISNA, Ciberonc, Universidad de Navarra, Avenida Pío XII, 55 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ander Estella-Hermoso de Mendoza
- Small Molecule Discovery Platform, Molecular Therapeutics Program, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Avenida Pío XII, 55 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Rosa María Alvarez
- Small Molecule Discovery Platform, Molecular Therapeutics Program, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Avenida Pío XII, 55 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Noelia Casares
- Area de Terapia Génica y Hepatología, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, Universidad de Navarra, Avenida Pío XII, 55 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Victor Segura
- Unidad de Bioinformática, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, Universidad de Navarra, Avenida Pío XII, 55 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - José I Martín-Subero
- Departamento de Fundamentos Clínicos, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Centre Esther Koplowitz, C/ Rosello 153 2nd floor 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Pierre Soule
- Nanotemper Technologies GmbH, Flößergasse 4, Munich, Germany
| | - Clara M Santiveri
- Spectroscopy and NMR Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), C/ Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramón Campos-Olivas
- Spectroscopy and NMR Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), C/ Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Giancarlo Castellano
- Departamento de Fundamentos Clínicos, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Centre Esther Koplowitz, C/ Rosello 153 2nd floor 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maite Garcia Fernandez de Barrena
- Area de Terapia Génica y Hepatología, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, Universidad de Navarra, Avenida Pío XII, 55 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Juan Roberto Rodriguez-Madoz
- Area de Hemato-Oncología, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, IDISNA, Ciberonc, Universidad de Navarra, Avenida Pío XII, 55 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maria José García-Barchino
- Area de Hemato-Oncología, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, IDISNA, Ciberonc, Universidad de Navarra, Avenida Pío XII, 55 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Juan Jose Lasarte
- Area de Terapia Génica y Hepatología, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, Universidad de Navarra, Avenida Pío XII, 55 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Matias A Avila
- Area de Terapia Génica y Hepatología, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, Universidad de Navarra, Avenida Pío XII, 55 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jose Angel Martinez-Climent
- Area de Hemato-Oncología, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, IDISNA, Ciberonc, Universidad de Navarra, Avenida Pío XII, 55 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Julen Oyarzabal
- Small Molecule Discovery Platform, Molecular Therapeutics Program, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Avenida Pío XII, 55 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Felipe Prosper
- Area de Hemato-Oncología, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, IDISNA, Ciberonc, Universidad de Navarra, Avenida Pío XII, 55 31008 Pamplona, Spain.,Departamento de Hematología, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Universidad de Navarra, Avenida Pío XII, 36 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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40
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Beà S, Amador V. Role of SOX11 and Genetic Events Cooperating with Cyclin D1 in Mantle Cell Lymphoma. Curr Oncol Rep 2017; 19:43. [DOI: 10.1007/s11912-017-0598-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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41
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Huang D, He X, Zou J, Guo P, Jiang S, Lv N, Alekseyev Y, Luo L, Luo Z. Negative regulation of Bmi-1 by AMPK and implication in cancer progression. Oncotarget 2017; 7:6188-200. [PMID: 26717043 PMCID: PMC4868749 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Bmi-1 is a transcriptional regulator that promotes tumor cell self-renewal and epithelial to mesenchymal transition and its upregulation is associated with tumor progression, AMPK is an intracellular fuel-sensing enzyme and plays important roles in tumor cell growth and progression. Thus, the present study aims to examine the regulation of Bmi-1 by AMPK. First, our data revealed that, as compared to adjacent normal tissue, Bmi-1 was highly expressed in gastric cancer, whereas phosphorylation of AMPK (p-AMPK) was reduced. Similar findings were observed in lung adenocarcinomas and appeared that the expression of Bmi-1 was correlated with pathological grades of the cancer, where opposite changes were found in p-AMPK. Second, Metformin, a pharmacological AMPK activator and anti-diabetic drug, or ectopic expression of LKB1, diminished expression of Bmi-1 in cancer cells, an event that was reversed by silencing LKB1. Third, knockdown of LITAF, previously identified as a downstream target of AMPK, upregulated Bmi-1, associated with increased cell viability, colony formation, and migration of cancer cells in vitro. Fourth, metformin increased the abundance of miR-15a, miR-128, miR-192, and miR-194, which was prevented by knockdown of LITAF. Accordingly, transfection of these individual miRNAs downregulated Bmi-1. Altogether, our data for the first time suggest a regulatory axis in cancer cells: AMPK upregulates LITAF, which in turn increases miRNAs, leading to attenuation of Bmi-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deqiang Huang
- Research Institute of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaoling He
- Graduate Program, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China
| | - Junrong Zou
- Graduate Program, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China
| | - Pei Guo
- Graduate Program, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China
| | - Shanshan Jiang
- Graduate Program, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China
| | - Nonghua Lv
- Research Institute of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yuriy Alekseyev
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Lingyu Luo
- Research Institute of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhijun Luo
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China.,Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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Manfroi B, McKee T, Mayol JF, Tabruyn S, Moret S, Villiers C, Righini C, Dyer M, Callanan M, Schneider P, Tzankov A, Matthes T, Sturm N, Huard B. CXCL-8/IL8 Produced by Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphomas Recruits Neutrophils Expressing a Proliferation-Inducing Ligand APRIL. Cancer Res 2016; 77:1097-1107. [PMID: 27923834 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-0786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating neutrophils have been implicated in malignant development and progression, but mechanisms are ill defined. Neutrophils produce a proliferation-inducing ligand APRIL/TNFSF13, a factor that promotes development of tumors from diverse origins, including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). High APRIL expression in DLBCL correlates with reduced patient survival, but the pathway(s) dictating APRIL expression are not known. Here, we show that all blood neutrophils constitutively secrete APRIL, and inflammation-associated stimuli, such as TNF, further upregulate APRIL. In a significant fraction of DLBCL patients, tumor cells constitutively produced the ELC-CXC chemokine CXCL-8 (IL8), enabling them to recruit APRIL-producing blood neutrophils. CXCL-8 production in DLBCL was unrelated to the cell of origin, as APRIL-producing neutrophils infiltrated CXCL-8+ DLBCL from both germinal center (GC) and non-GC subtypes. Rather, CXCL-8 production implied events affecting DNA methylation and acetylation. Overall, our results showed that chemokine-mediated recruitment of neutrophils secreting the tumor-promoting factor APRIL mediates DLBCL progression. Cancer Res; 77(5); 1097-107. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Manfroi
- Albert Bonniot Institute, INSERM U1209/University Grenoble-Alpes, La Tronche, France
| | - Thomas McKee
- Clinical Pathology, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Sebastien Moret
- Department of Pathology-Immunology, Geneva University Medical Centre, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christian Villiers
- Albert Bonniot Institute, INSERM U1209/University Grenoble-Alpes, La Tronche, France
| | - Christian Righini
- Head and Neck Department, Grenoble University Hospital, La Tronche, France
| | - Martin Dyer
- Ernest and Helen Scott Hematological Research Institute, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Mary Callanan
- Albert Bonniot Institute, INSERM U1209/University Grenoble-Alpes, La Tronche, France
| | - Pascal Schneider
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Alexandar Tzankov
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Matthes
- Hematology, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Sturm
- Albert Bonniot Institute, INSERM U1209/University Grenoble-Alpes, La Tronche, France.,Department of Anatomy and Cytopathology, University Hospital of Grenoble, La Tronche, France
| | - Bertrand Huard
- Albert Bonniot Institute, INSERM U1209/University Grenoble-Alpes, La Tronche, France.
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43
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Roberts AW, Huang D. Targeting BCL2 With BH3 Mimetics: Basic Science and Clinical Application of Venetoclax in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Related B Cell Malignancies. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2016; 101:89-98. [PMID: 27806433 PMCID: PMC5657403 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The intracellular protein B‐cell‐lymphoma‐2 (BCL2) has been considered an attractive target for cancer therapy since the discovery of its function as a major promoter of cell survival (an anti‐apoptotic) in the late 1980s. However, the challenges of targeting a protein‐protein interaction delayed the discovery of fit‐for‐purpose molecules until the mid‐2000s. Since then, a series of high affinity small organic molecules that inhibits the interaction of BCL2 with the apoptotic machinery, the so‐called BH3‐mimetics, have been developed. Venetoclax (formerly ABT‐199) is the first to achieve US Food and Drug Administration approval, with an indication for treatment of patients with previously treated chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) bearing deletion of the long arm of chromosome 17. Here, we review key aspects of the science underpinning the clinical application of BCL2 inhibitors and explore both our current knowledge and unresolved questions about its clinical utility, both in CLL and in other B‐cell malignancies that highly express BCL2.
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Affiliation(s)
- A W Roberts
- Integrated Department of Clinical Hematology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital and Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, Australia.,Cancer and Haematology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Parkville, Australia
| | - Dcs Huang
- Cancer and Haematology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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44
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PIG7 promotes leukemia cell chemosensitivity via lysosomal membrane permeabilization. Oncotarget 2016; 7:4841-59. [PMID: 26716897 PMCID: PMC4826247 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PIG7 localizes to lysosomal membrane in leukemia cells. Our previous work has shown that transduction of pig7 into a series of leukemia cell lines did not result in either apoptosis or differentiation of most tested cell lines. Interestingly, it did significantly sensitize these cell lines to chemotherapeutic drugs. Here, we further investigated the mechanism underlying pig7-induced improved sensitivity of acute leukemia cells to chemotherapy. Our results demonstrated that the sensitization effect driven by exogenous pig7 was more effective in drug-resistant leukemia cell lines which had lower endogenous pig7 expression. Overexpression of pig7 did not directly activate the caspase apoptotic pathway, but decreased the lysosomal stability. The expression of pig7 resulted in lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) and lysosomal protease (e.g. cathepsin B, D, L) release. Moreover, we also observed increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) induced by pig7. Some autophagy markers such as LC3I/II, ATG5 and Beclin-1, and necroptosis maker MLKL were also stimulated. However, intrinsic antagonism such as serine/cysteine protease inhibitors Spi2A and Cystatin C prevented downstream effectors from triggering leukemia cells, which were only on the "verge of apoptosis". When combined with chemotherapy, LMP increased and more proteases were released. Once this process was beyond the limit of intrinsic antagonism, it induced programmed cell death cooperatively via caspase-independent and caspase-dependent pathways.
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45
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Glab JA, Mbogo GW, Puthalakath H. BH3-Only Proteins in Health and Disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 328:163-196. [PMID: 28069133 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BH3-only proteins are proapoptotic members of the broader Bcl-2 family, which promote cell death by directly or indirectly activating Bax and Bak. The expression of BH3-only proteins is regulated both transcriptionally and posttranscriptionally in a cell type-specific and a tissue-specific manner. Research over the last 20 years has provided significant insights into their roles in tissue homeostasis and various pathologies, which in turn has led to the development of novel therapeutics for numerous diseases. In this review, a snapshot of the progress over this period is given, including our current understanding of their regulation, mode of action, role in mammalian development, and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Glab
- Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe Institute of Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Kingsbury Drive, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - G W Mbogo
- Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe Institute of Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Kingsbury Drive, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - H Puthalakath
- Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe Institute of Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Kingsbury Drive, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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Delbridge ARD, Pang SHM, Vandenberg CJ, Grabow S, Aubrey BJ, Tai L, Herold MJ, Strasser A. RAG-induced DNA lesions activate proapoptotic BIM to suppress lymphomagenesis in p53-deficient mice. J Exp Med 2016; 213:2039-48. [PMID: 27621418 PMCID: PMC5030795 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20150477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Delbridge, Strasser, and collaborators show that potentially oncogenic RAG1/2-dependent DNA lesions trigger apoptosis through the induction of BIM, which functions as an efficient tumor suppressor. Neoplastic transformation is driven by oncogenic lesions that facilitate unrestrained cell expansion and resistance to antiproliferative signals. These oncogenic DNA lesions, acquired through errors in DNA replication, gene recombination, or extrinsically imposed damage, are thought to activate multiple tumor suppressive pathways, particularly apoptotic cell death. DNA damage induces apoptosis through well-described p53-mediated induction of PUMA and NOXA. However, loss of both these mediators (even together with defects in p53-mediated induction of cell cycle arrest and cell senescence) does not recapitulate the tumor susceptibility observed in p53−/− mice. Thus, potentially oncogenic DNA lesions are likely to also trigger apoptosis through additional, p53-independent processes. We found that loss of the BH3-only protein BIM accelerated lymphoma development in p53-deficient mice. This process was negated by concomitant loss of RAG1/2-mediated antigen receptor gene rearrangement. This demonstrates that BIM is critical for the induction of apoptosis caused by potentially oncogenic DNA lesions elicited by RAG1/2-induced gene rearrangement. Furthermore, this highlights the role of a BIM-mediated tumor suppressor pathway that acts in parallel to the p53 pathway and remains active even in the absence of wild-type p53 function, suggesting this may be exploited in the treatment of p53-deficient cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex R D Delbridge
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Swee Heng Milon Pang
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Cassandra J Vandenberg
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Stephanie Grabow
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Brandon J Aubrey
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia Department of Clinical Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Service, the Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Lin Tai
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Marco J Herold
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Andreas Strasser
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Montraveta A, Xargay-Torrent S, Rosich L, López-Guerra M, Roldán J, Rodríguez V, Lee-Vergés E, de Frías M, Campàs C, Campo E, Roué G, Colomer D. Bcl-2high mantle cell lymphoma cells are sensitized to acadesine with ABT-199. Oncotarget 2016; 6:21159-72. [PMID: 26110568 PMCID: PMC4673257 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Acadesine is a nucleoside analogue with known activity against B-cell malignancies. Herein, we showed that in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) cells acadesine induced caspase-dependent apoptosis through turning on the mitochondrial apoptotic machinery. At the molecular level, the compound triggered the activation of the AMPK pathway, consequently modulating known downstream targets, such as mTOR and the cell motility-related vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP). VASP phosphorylation by acadesine was concomitant with a blockade of CXCL12-induced migration. The inhibition of the mTOR cascade by acadesine, committed MCL cells to enter in apoptosis by a translational downregulation of the antiapoptotic Mcl-1 protein. In contrast, Bcl-2 protein levels were unaffected by acadesine and MCL samples expressing high levels of Bcl-2 tended to have a reduced response to the drug. Targeting Bcl-2 with the selective BH3-mimetic agent ABT-199 sensitized Bcl-2 high MCL cells to acadesine. This effect was validated in vivo, where the combination of both agents displayed a more marked inhibition of tumor outgrowth than each drug alone. These findings support the notions that antiapoptotic proteins of the Bcl-2 family regulate MCL cell sensitivity to acadesine and that the combination of this agent with Bcl-2 inhibitors might be an interesting therapeutic option to treat MCL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnau Montraveta
- Experimental Therapeutics in Lymphoid Malignancies Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sílvia Xargay-Torrent
- Experimental Therapeutics in Lymphoid Malignancies Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Rosich
- Experimental Therapeutics in Lymphoid Malignancies Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mònica López-Guerra
- Experimental Therapeutics in Lymphoid Malignancies Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Unitat d'Hematopatologia, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jocabed Roldán
- Experimental Therapeutics in Lymphoid Malignancies Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vanina Rodríguez
- Experimental Therapeutics in Lymphoid Malignancies Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eriong Lee-Vergés
- Experimental Therapeutics in Lymphoid Malignancies Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè de Frías
- Advancell-Advanced In Vitro Cell Technologies S.A., Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clara Campàs
- Advancell-Advanced In Vitro Cell Technologies S.A., Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elias Campo
- Unitat d'Hematopatologia, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gaël Roué
- Experimental Therapeutics in Lymphoid Malignancies Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dolors Colomer
- Experimental Therapeutics in Lymphoid Malignancies Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Unitat d'Hematopatologia, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
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48
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Robaina MC, Faccion RS, Mazzoccoli L, Rezende LMM, Queiroga E, Bacchi CE, Thomas-Tikhonenko A, Klumb CE. miR-17-92 cluster components analysis in Burkitt lymphoma: overexpression of miR-17 is associated with poor prognosis. Ann Hematol 2016; 95:881-91. [PMID: 27044389 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-016-2653-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is an aggressive B cell lymphoma characterized by the reciprocal translocation of the c-Myc gene with immunoglobulin genes. Recently, MYC has been shown to maintain the neoplastic state via the miR-17-92 microRNA cluster that suppresses chromatin regulatory genes and the apoptosis regulator Bim. However, the expression and prognostic impact of miR-17-92 members in pediatric BL (pBL) are unknown. Therefore, we investigated miR-17, miR-19a, miR-19b, miR-20, and miR-92a expression and prognostic impact in a series of 41 pBL samples. In addition, Bim protein expression was evaluated and compared to miR-17, miR-19a, miR-19b, miR-20, and miR-92a levels and patient outcomes. The expression of miR-17-92 members was evaluated by qPCR and Bim protein by immunohistochemistry. Log-rank test was employed to assess prognostic impact. We found that upregulated expression of miR-17 and miR-20a correlates with lack of pro-apoptotic Bim expression. Patients bearing tumors with upregulated miR-17 displayed decreased overall survival (OS), and multivariate analysis revealed that miR-17 was a significant predictor of shortened OS. Using hairpin inhibitors, we showed that inhibition of miR-17 resulted in enhanced Bim expression in a BL cell line overexpressing the miR-17-92 cluster. Our results describe for the first time miR-17, miR-19a, miR-19b, miR-20a, and miR-92a expression profiles in pBL. The prognostic impact of miR-17 should be validated in a larger series, and may provide new therapeutic avenues in the era of anti-miRNA therapy research. Additional functional studies are further required to understand the specific role of miR-17-92 cluster members in BL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Cristina Robaina
- Programa de Pesquisa em Hemato-Oncologia Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Division of Cancer Pathobiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Roberta Soares Faccion
- Programa de Pesquisa em Hemato-Oncologia Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciano Mazzoccoli
- Programa de Pesquisa em Hemato-Oncologia Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Andrei Thomas-Tikhonenko
- Division of Cancer Pathobiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Claudete Esteves Klumb
- Programa de Pesquisa em Hemato-Oncologia Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. .,Laboratório de Hemato-Oncologia Celular e Molecular, Praça da Cruz Vermelha, 23, 6th floor, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP: 20230-130, Brazil.
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49
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Weber A, Heinlein M, Dengjel J, Alber C, Singh PK, Häcker G. The deubiquitinase Usp27x stabilizes the BH3-only protein Bim and enhances apoptosis. EMBO Rep 2016; 17:724-38. [PMID: 27013495 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201541392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bim is a pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family member of the BH3-only protein subgroup. Expression levels of Bim determine apoptosis susceptibility in non-malignant and in tumour cells. Bim protein expression is downregulated by proteasomal degradation following ERK-dependent phosphorylation and ubiquitination. Here, we report the identification of a deubiquitinase, Usp27x, that binds Bim upon its ERK-dependent phosphorylation and can upregulate its expression levels. Overexpression of Usp27x reduces ERK-dependent Bim ubiquitination, stabilizes phosphorylated Bim, and induces apoptosis in PMA-stimulated cells, as well as in tumour cells with a constitutively active Raf/ERK pathway. Loss of endogenous Usp27x enhances the Bim-degrading activity of oncogenic Raf. Overexpression of Usp27x induces low levels of apoptosis in melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells and substantially enhances apoptosis induced in these cells by the inhibition of ERK signalling. Finally, deletion of Usp27x reduces apoptosis in NSCLC cells treated with an EGFR inhibitor. Thus, Usp27x can trigger via its proteolytic activity the deubiquitination of Bim and enhance its levels, counteracting the anti-apoptotic effects of ERK activity, and therefore acts as a tumour suppressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnim Weber
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Heinlein
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jörn Dengjel
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany Center for Biological Systems Analysis (ZBSA), Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS) University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Alber
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Prafull Kumar Singh
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Georg Häcker
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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50
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Liu Y, Chen C, Xu Z, Scuoppo C, Rillahan CD, Gao J, Spitzer B, Bosbach B, Kastenhuber ER, Baslan T, Ackermann S, Cheng L, Wang Q, Niu T, Schultz N, Levine RL, Mills AA, Lowe SW. Deletions linked to TP53 loss drive cancer through p53-independent mechanisms. Nature 2016; 531:471-475. [PMID: 26982726 PMCID: PMC4836395 DOI: 10.1038/nature17157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mutations disabling the TP53 tumour suppressor gene represent the most frequent events in human cancer and typically occur through a two-hit mechanism involving a missense mutation in one allele and a 'loss of heterozygosity' deletion encompassing the other. While TP53 missense mutations can also contribute gain-of-function activities that impact tumour progression, it remains unclear whether the deletion event, which frequently includes many genes, impacts tumorigenesis beyond TP53 loss alone. Here we show that somatic heterozygous deletion of mouse chromosome 11B3, a 4-megabase region syntenic to human 17p13.1, produces a greater effect on lymphoma and leukaemia development than Trp53 deletion. Mechanistically, the effect of 11B3 loss on tumorigenesis involves co-deleted genes such as Eif5a and Alox15b (also known as Alox8), the suppression of which cooperates with Trp53 loss to produce more aggressive disease. Our results imply that the selective advantage produced by human chromosome 17p deletion reflects the combined impact of TP53 loss and the reduced dosage of linked tumour suppressor genes.
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MESH Headings
- Alleles
- Animals
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17/genetics
- Chromosomes, Mammalian/genetics
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Progression
- Female
- Genes, p53/genetics
- Heterozygote
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Lymphoma/genetics
- Lymphoma/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Neoplasms/genetics
- Neoplasms/pathology
- Peptide Initiation Factors/genetics
- Peptide Initiation Factors/metabolism
- RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- RNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Sequence Deletion/genetics
- Synteny/genetics
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/deficiency
- Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 5A
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Department of Hematology and Department of Liver Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and National Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Chong Chen
- Department of Hematology and Department of Liver Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and National Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Zhengmin Xu
- Department of Hematology and Department of Liver Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and National Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Claudio Scuoppo
- institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Cory D Rillahan
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Jianjiong Gao
- Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Barbara Spitzer
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
- Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program and Leukemia Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Benedikt Bosbach
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Edward R Kastenhuber
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Timour Baslan
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Sarah Ackermann
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Lihua Cheng
- Department of Hematology & Research Laboratory of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qingguo Wang
- Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Ting Niu
- Department of Hematology & Research Laboratory of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Nikolaus Schultz
- Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Ross L Levine
- Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program and Leukemia Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Alea A Mills
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA
| | - Scott W Lowe
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, New York 10065, USA
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