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Bowman RL, Kim J, Eom DS. CD44 facilitates adhesive interactions in airineme-mediated intercellular signaling. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.27.582398. [PMID: 38463999 PMCID: PMC10925269 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.27.582398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Specialized cellular protrusions facilitate local intercellular communications in various species, including mammals. Among these, airinemes play a crucial role in pigment pattern formation in zebrafish by mediating long-distance Notch signaling between pigment cells. Remarkably, airinemes exhibit large vesicle-like structure at their tips, which are pulled by a macrophage subpopulation and delivered to target cells. The interaction between macrophages and Delta-ligand carrying airineme vesicles is essential for initiating airineme-mediated signaling, yet the molecular detail of this interaction remains elusive. Through high-resolution live imaging and genetic in vivo manipulations, we found that adhesive interactions via the extracellular domain of CD44, a class I transmembrane glycoprotein, between macrophages and airineme vesicles are critical for airineme signaling. Mutants lacking the extracellular domain of CD44 lose their adhesiveness, resulting in a significant reduction in airineme extension and pigment pattern defects. Our findings provide valuable insights into the role of adhesive interactions between signal-sending cells and macrophages in a long-range intercellular signaling.
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Hayashi K, Takagane K, Itoh G, Kuriyama S, Koyota S, Meguro K, Ling Y, Abé T, Ohashi R, Yashiro M, Mizuno M, Tanaka M. Cell-cell contact-dependent secretion of large-extracellular vesicles from EFNB high cancer cells accelerates peritoneal dissemination. Br J Cancer 2024:10.1038/s41416-024-02783-8. [PMID: 39003372 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-024-02783-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Large non-apoptotic vesicles released from the plasma membrane protrusions are classified as large-EVs (LEVs). However, the triggers of LEV secretion and their functions in tumors remain unknown. METHODS Coculture system of cancer cells, peritoneal mesothelial cells (PMCs), and macrophages (MΦs) was conducted to observe cell-cell contact-mediated LEV secretion. Lineage tracing of PMCs was performed using Wt1CreERT2-tdTnu mice to explore the effects of LEVs on PMCs in vivo, and lymphangiogenesis was assessed by qRT-PCR and flow-cytometry. RESULTS In peritoneal dissemination, cancer cells expressing Ephrin-B (EFNB) secreted LEVs upon the contact with PMCs expressing ephrin type-B (EphB) receptors, which degraded mesothelial barrier by augmenting mesothelial-mesenchymal transition. LEVs were incorporated in subpleural MΦs, and these MΦs transdifferentiated into lymphatic endothelial cells (LEC) and integrated into the lymphatic vessels. LEC differentiation was also induced in PMCs by interacting with LEV-treated MΦs, which promoted lymphangiogenesis. Mechanistically, activation of RhoA-ROCK pathway through EFNB reverse signaling induced LEV secretion. EFNBs on LEVs activated EphB forward signaling in PMC and MΦs, activating Akt, ERK and TGF-β1 pathway, which were indispensable for causing MMT and LEC differentiation. LEVs accelerated peritoneal dissemination and lymphatic invasions by cancer cells. Blocking of EFNBs on LEVs using EphB-Fc-fusion protein attenuated these events. CONCLUSIONS EFNBhigh cancer cells scattered LEVs when they attached to PMCs, which augmented the local reactions of PMC and MΦ (MMT and lymphangiogenesis) and exaggerated peritoneal dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaito Hayashi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biochemistry, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Kurara Takagane
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biochemistry, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Go Itoh
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biochemistry, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Sei Kuriyama
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biochemistry, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Souichi Koyota
- Bioscience Education and Research Support Center, Akita University, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Kenji Meguro
- Bioscience Education and Research Support Center, Akita University, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Yiwei Ling
- Medical AI Center, Niigata University School of Medicine, Niigata University Life Innovation Hub, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Abé
- Division of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Riuko Ohashi
- Divisions of Molecular and Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Masakazu Yashiro
- Department of Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8545, Japan
| | - Masaru Mizuno
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biochemistry, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan.
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Bradford BM, Walmsley-Rowe L, Reynolds J, Verity N, Mabbott NA. Cell adhesion molecule CD44 is dispensable for reactive astrocyte activation during prion disease. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13749. [PMID: 38877012 PMCID: PMC11178777 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63464-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases are fatal, infectious, neurodegenerative disorders resulting from accumulation of misfolded cellular prion protein in the brain. Early pathological changes during CNS prion disease also include reactive astrocyte activation with increased CD44 expression, microgliosis, as well as loss of dendritic spines and synapses. CD44 is a multifunctional cell surface adhesion and signalling molecule which is considered to play roles in astrocyte morphology and the maintenance of dendritic spine integrity and synaptic plasticity. However, the role of CD44 in prion disease was unknown. Here we used mice deficient in CD44 to determine the role of CD44 during prion disease. We show that CD44-deficient mice displayed no difference in their response to CNS prion infection when compared to wild type mice. Furthermore, the reactive astrocyte activation and microgliosis that accompanies CNS prion infection was unimpaired in the absence of CD44. Together, our data show that although CD44 expression is upregulated in reactive astrocytes during CNS prion disease, it is dispensable for astrocyte and microglial activation and the development of prion neuropathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry M Bradford
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK.
| | - Lauryn Walmsley-Rowe
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Joe Reynolds
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
- Maurice Wohl Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King's College London, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Nicholas Verity
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Neil A Mabbott
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK.
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4
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Uribe-Querol E, Rosales C. Phagocytosis. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2813:39-64. [PMID: 38888769 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3890-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
One hundred years have passed since the death of Élie Metchnikoff (1845-1916). He was the first to observe the uptake of particles by cells and realized the importance of this process, named phagocytosis, for the host response to injury and infection. He also was a strong advocate of the role of phagocytosis in cellular immunity, and with this, he gave us the basis for our modern understanding of inflammation and the innate immune response. Phagocytosis is an elegant but complex process for the ingestion and elimination of pathogens, but it is also important for the elimination of apoptotic cells and hence fundamental for tissue homeostasis. Phagocytosis can be divided into four main steps: (i) recognition of the target particle, (ii) signaling to activate the internalization machinery, (iii) phagosome formation, and (iv) phagolysosome maturation. In this chapter, we present a general view of our current knowledge on phagocytosis performed mainly by professional phagocytes through antibody and complement receptors and discuss aspects that remain incompletely understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen Uribe-Querol
- Laboratorio de Biología del Desarrollo, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Carlos Rosales
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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5
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Díaz-Alvarez L, Martínez-Sánchez ME, Gray E, Pérez-Figueroa E, Ortega E. Aminopeptidase N/CD13 Crosslinking Promotes the Activation and Membrane Expression of Integrin CD11b/CD18. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1488. [PMID: 37892170 PMCID: PMC10604325 DOI: 10.3390/biom13101488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The β2 integrin CD11b/CD18, also known as complement receptor 3 (CR3), and the moonlighting protein aminopeptidase N (CD13), are two myeloid immune receptors with overlapping activities: adhesion, migration, phagocytosis of opsonized particles, and respiratory burst induction. Given their common functions, shared physical location, and the fact that some receptors can activate a selection of integrins, we hypothesized that CD13 could induce CR3 activation through an inside-out signaling mechanism and possibly have an influence on its membrane expression. We revealed that crosslinking CD13 on the surface of human macrophages not only activates CR3 but also influences its membrane expression. Both phenomena are affected by inhibitors of Src, PLCγ, Syk, and actin polymerization. Additionally, after only 10 min at 37 °C, cells with crosslinked CD13 start secreting pro-inflammatory cytokines like interferons type 1 and 2, IL-12p70, and IL-17a. We integrated our data with a bioinformatic analysis to confirm the connection between these receptors and to suggest the signaling cascade linking them. Our findings expand the list of features of CD13 by adding the activation of a different receptor via inside-out signaling. This opens the possibility of studying the joint contribution of CD13 and CR3 in contexts where either receptor has a recognized role, such as the progression of some leukemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Díaz-Alvarez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Departamento de Inmunología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Unidad de Posgrado, Edificio D, 1° Piso, Circuito de Posgrados, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | | | - Eleanor Gray
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Erandi Pérez-Figueroa
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Inmunología y Proteómica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Enrique Ortega
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Departamento de Inmunología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
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6
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Zheng W, Zhou Z, Guo X, Zuo X, Zhang J, An Y, Zheng H, Yue Y, Wang G, Wang F. Efferocytosis and Respiratory Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14871. [PMID: 37834319 PMCID: PMC10573909 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells are the smallest units that make up living organisms, which constantly undergo the processes of proliferation, differentiation, senescence and death. Dead cells need to be removed in time to maintain the homeostasis of the organism and keep it healthy. This process is called efferocytosis. If the process fails, this may cause different types of diseases. More and more evidence suggests that a faulty efferocytosis process is closely related to the pathological processes of respiratory diseases. In this review, we will first introduce the process and the related mechanisms of efferocytosis of the macrophage. Secondly, we will propose some methods that can regulate the function of efferocytosis at different stages of the process. Next, we will discuss the role of efferocytosis in different lung diseases and the related treatment approaches. Finally, we will summarize the drugs that have been applied in clinical practice that can act upon efferocytosis, in order to provide new ideas for the treatment of lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Guoqiang Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (W.Z.); (Z.Z.); (X.G.); (X.Z.); (J.Z.); (Y.A.); (H.Z.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Fang Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (W.Z.); (Z.Z.); (X.G.); (X.Z.); (J.Z.); (Y.A.); (H.Z.); (Y.Y.)
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7
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Voisin B, Nadella V, Doebel T, Goel S, Sakamoto K, Ayush O, Jo JH, Kelly MC, Kobayashi T, Jiang JX, Hu Y, Yan C, Nagao K. Macrophage-mediated extracellular matrix remodeling controls host Staphylococcus aureus susceptibility in the skin. Immunity 2023; 56:1561-1577.e9. [PMID: 37402364 PMCID: PMC10467568 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Hypodermis is the predominant site of Staphylococcus aureus infections that cause cellulitis. Given the importance of macrophages in tissue remodeling, we examined the hypodermal macrophages (HDMs) and their impact on host susceptibility to infection. Bulk and single-cell transcriptomics uncovered HDM subsets with CCR2-dichotomy. HDM homeostasis required the fibroblast-derived growth factor CSF1, ablation of which abrogated HDMs from the hypodermal adventitia. Loss of CCR2- HDMs resulted in accumulation of the extracellular matrix component, hyaluronic acid (HA). HDM-mediated HA clearance required sensing by the HA receptor, LYVE-1. Cell-autonomous IGF1 was required for accessibility of AP-1 transcription factor motifs that controlled LYVE-1 expression. Remarkably, loss of HDMs or IGF1 limited Staphylococcus aureus expansion via HA and conferred protection against cellulitis. Our findings reveal a function for macrophages in the regulation of HA with an impact on infection outcomes, which may be harnessed to limit the establishment of infection in the hypodermal niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Voisin
- Cutaneous Leukocyte Biology Section, Dermatology Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Vinod Nadella
- Cutaneous Leukocyte Biology Section, Dermatology Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Thomas Doebel
- Cutaneous Leukocyte Biology Section, Dermatology Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shubham Goel
- Cutaneous Leukocyte Biology Section, Dermatology Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Keiko Sakamoto
- Cutaneous Leukocyte Biology Section, Dermatology Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Otgonzaya Ayush
- Cutaneous Leukocyte Biology Section, Dermatology Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jay-Hyun Jo
- Cutaneous Microbiome and Inflammation Section, Dermatology Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael C Kelly
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Single-Cell Analysis Facility, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Tetsuro Kobayashi
- Cutaneous Leukocyte Biology Section, Dermatology Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jean X Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ying Hu
- Cancer Informatics Branch, Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Chunhua Yan
- Cancer Informatics Branch, Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Keisuke Nagao
- Cutaneous Leukocyte Biology Section, Dermatology Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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8
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Lee CH, Tang JC, Hendricks NG, Anvari B. Proteomes of Micro- and Nanosized Carriers Engineered from Red Blood Cells. J Proteome Res 2023; 22:896-907. [PMID: 36792548 PMCID: PMC10756254 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Red blood cell (RBC)-derived systems offer a potential platform for delivery of biomedical cargos. Although the importance of specific proteins associated with the biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of these particles has been recognized, it remains to be explored whether some of the key transmembrane and cytoskeletal proteins responsible for immune-modulatory effects and mechanical integrity of the particles are retained. Herein, using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and quantitative tandem mass tag mass spectrometry in conjunction with bioinformatics analysis, we have examined the proteomes of micro- and nanosized erythrocyte ghosts doped with indocyanine green and compared them with those of RBCs. We identified a total of 884 proteins in each set of RBCs, micro-, and nanosized particles, of which 8 and 45 proteins were expressed at significantly different relative abundances when comparing micro-sized particles vs RBCs and nanosized particles vs RBCs, respectively. We found greater differences in relative abundances of some mechano-modulatory proteins, such as band 3 and protein 4.2, and immunomodulatory proteins like CD44, CD47, and CD55 in nanosized particles as compared to RBCs. Our findings highlight that the methods utilized in fabricating RBC-based systems can induce substantial effects on their proteomes. Mass spectrometry data are available at ProteomeXchange with the identifier PXD038780.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hua Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Jack C Tang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Nathan G Hendricks
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, Proteomics Core, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Bahman Anvari
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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9
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Liebold I, Meyer S, Heine M, Kuhl A, Witt J, Eissing L, Fischer AW, Koop AC, Kluwe J, zur Wiesch JS, Wehmeyer M, Knippschild U, Scheja L, Heeren J, Bosurgi L, Worthmann A. TREM2 Regulates the Removal of Apoptotic Cells and Inflammatory Processes during the Progression of NAFLD. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030341. [PMID: 36766683 PMCID: PMC9913311 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver pathology worldwide. In mice and humans, NAFLD progression is characterized by the appearance of TREM2-expressing macrophages in the liver. However, their mechanistic contributions to disease progression have not been completely elucidated. Here, we show that TREM2+ macrophages prevent the generation of a pro-inflammatory response elicited by LPS-laden lipoproteins in vitro. Further, Trem2 expression regulates bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and Kupffer cell capacity to phagocyte apoptotic cells in vitro, which is dependent on CD14 activation. In line with this, loss of Trem2 resulted in an increased pro-inflammatory response, which ultimately aggravated liver fibrosis in murine models of NAFLD. Similarly, in a human NAFLD cohort, plasma levels of TREM2 were increased and hepatic TREM2 expression was correlated with higher levels of liver triglycerides and the acquisition of a fibrotic gene signature. Altogether, our results suggest that TREM2+ macrophages have a protective function during the progression of NAFLD, as they are involved in the processing of pro-inflammatory lipoproteins and phagocytosis of apoptotic cells and, thereby, are critical contributors for the re-establishment of liver homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imke Liebold
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Protozoa Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simon Meyer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Heine
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anastasia Kuhl
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Witt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Leah Eissing
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander W. Fischer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anja Christina Koop
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Kluwe
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Amalie Sieveking Hospital, 22359 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Malte Wehmeyer
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Knippschild
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Ludger Scheja
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joerg Heeren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lidia Bosurgi
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Protozoa Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
- Correspondence: (L.B.); (A.W.)
| | - Anna Worthmann
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Correspondence: (L.B.); (A.W.)
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10
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Houser MC, Uriarte Huarte O, Wallings RL, Keating CE, MacPherson KP, Herrick MK, Kannarkat GT, Kelly SD, Chang J, Varvel NH, Rexach JE, Tansey MG. Progranulin loss results in sex-dependent dysregulation of the peripheral and central immune system. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1056417. [PMID: 36618392 PMCID: PMC9814971 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1056417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Progranulin (PGRN) is a secreted glycoprotein, the expression of which is linked to several neurodegenerative diseases. Although its specific function is still unclear, several studies have linked it with lysosomal functions and immune system regulation. Here, we have explored the role of PGRN in peripheral and central immune system homeostasis by investigating the consequences of PGRN deficiency on adaptive and innate immune cell populations. Methods First, we used gene co-expression network analysis of published data to test the hypothesis that Grn has a critical role in regulating the activation status of immune cell populations in both central and peripheral compartments. To investigate the extent to which PGRN-deficiency resulted in immune dysregulation, we performed deep immunophenotyping by flow cytometry of 19-24-month old male and female Grn-deficient mice (PGRN KO) and littermate Grn-sufficient controls (WT). Results Male PGRN KO mice exhibited a lower abundance of microglial cells with higher MHC-II expression, increased CD44 expression on monocytes in the brain, and more CNS-associated CD8+ T cells compared to WT mice. Furthermore, we observed an increase in CD44 on CD8+ T cells in the peripheral blood. Female PGRN KO mice also had fewer microglia compared to WT mice, and we also observed reduced expression of MHC-II on brain monocytes. Additionally, we found an increase in Ly-6Chigh monocyte frequency and decreased CD44 expression on CD8+ and CD4+ T cells in PGRN KO female blood. Given that Gpnmb, which encodes for the lysosomal protein Glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B, has been reported to be upregulated in PGRN KO mice, we investigated changes in GPNMB protein expression associated with PGRN deficits and found that GPNMB is modulated in myeloid cells in a sex-specific manner. Discussion Our data suggest that PGRN and GPNMB jointly regulate the peripheral and the central immune system in a sex-specific manner; thus, understanding their associated mechanisms could pave the way for developing new neuroprotective strategies to modulate central and peripheral inflammation to lower risk for neurodegenerative diseases and possibly delay or halt progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madelyn C. Houser
- Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Oihane Uriarte Huarte
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Rebecca L. Wallings
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Cody E. Keating
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Kathryn P. MacPherson
- Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Mary K. Herrick
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - George T. Kannarkat
- Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Sean D. Kelly
- Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jianjun Chang
- Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Nicholas H. Varvel
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jessica E. Rexach
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Malú Gámez Tansey
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Evelyn F. and William L. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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11
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Singh VK, Chau E, Mishra A, DeAnda A, Hegde VL, Sastry JK, Haviland D, Jagannath C, Godin B, Khan A. CD44 receptor targeted nanoparticles augment immunity against tuberculosis in mice. J Control Release 2022; 349:796-811. [PMID: 35914613 PMCID: PMC10478167 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We describe a role of CD44-mediated signaling during host-defense against tuberculosis (TB) using a mouse model of TB and studies in M. tuberculosis (Mtb) infected human macrophage (MФ). Liposomes targeting CD44 using thioaptamers (CD44TA-LIP) were designed and tested as new vaccines to boost host immunity in TB. CD44TA-LIP enhanced killing of Mtb in human MФ, which correlated with an increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-12. CD44TA-LIP activated MФ showed an enhanced MHC-II dependent antigen presentation to CD4 T-cells. Inhibition of cellular proliferation and cytoskeleton rearrangement pathways downstream of CD44 signaling abrogated CD44TA-LIP-induced antimicrobial effects. Blockade of inflammatory pathways also reduced antigen presentation by MФ and activation of CD4 T cells. Mtb infected MФ treated with CD44TA-LIP exhibited increased nitric oxide and HβD2 defensin peptide production. Among Mtb infected mice with increased lung and spleen loads of organisms, intranasal administration of CD44TA-LIP led to a ten-fold reduction of colony forming units of Mtb and elevated IFN-γ + CD4, effector, central and resident memory T cells. Biodistribution studies demonstrated that CD44TA-LIP preferentially accumulated in the lungs and were associated with CD11b + cells. CD44TA-LIP treated mice showed no weight loss or increased liver LDH levels. This study highlights the importance of CD44-mediated signaling in host-defense during TB and the therapeutic potential of CD44TA-LIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipul K Singh
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Eric Chau
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Abhishek Mishra
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alexandro DeAnda
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Venkatesh L Hegde
- Department of Thoracic Head & Neck Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jagannadha K Sastry
- Department of Thoracic Head & Neck Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David Haviland
- Flow Cytometry Core, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chinnaswamy Jagannath
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Biana Godin
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Arshad Khan
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.
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12
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Distel JS, Flores RMO, Bienvenu A, Aguilera MO, Bonazzi M, Berón W. Ezrin and CD44 participate in the internalization process of
Coxiella burnetii
into non‐phagocytic cells. Biol Cell 2022; 114:237-253. [DOI: 10.1111/boc.202100096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús S. Distel
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Universidad Nacional de Cuyo ‐ CONICET Mendoza 5500 Argentina
| | - Rodolfo M. Ortiz Flores
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Universidad Nacional de Cuyo ‐ CONICET Mendoza 5500 Argentina
- Cátedra de Microbiología Parasitología e Inmunología Facultad de Odontología Universidad Nacional de Cuyo Mendoza Argentina
| | - Arthur Bienvenu
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM) UMR 9004 CNRS Université de Montpellier Montpellier France
| | - Milton O. Aguilera
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Universidad Nacional de Cuyo ‐ CONICET Mendoza 5500 Argentina
- Cátedra de Microbiología Parasitología e Inmunología Facultad de Odontología Universidad Nacional de Cuyo Mendoza Argentina
| | - Matteo Bonazzi
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM) UMR 9004 CNRS Université de Montpellier Montpellier France
| | - Walter Berón
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Universidad Nacional de Cuyo ‐ CONICET Mendoza 5500 Argentina
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13
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Emerging Concepts in Defective Macrophage Phagocytosis in Cystic Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147750. [PMID: 35887098 PMCID: PMC9319215 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by mutations of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. Chronic inflammation and decline in lung function are major reasons for morbidity in CF. Mutant CFTR expressed in phagocytic cells such as macrophages contributes to persistent infection, inflammation, and lung disease in CF. Macrophages play a central role in innate immunity by eliminating pathogenic microbes by a process called phagocytosis. Phagocytosis is required for tissue homeostasis, balancing inflammation, and crosstalk with the adaptive immune system for antigen presentation. This review focused on (1) current understandings of the signaling underlying phagocytic mechanisms; (2) existing evidence for phagocytic dysregulation in CF; and (3) the emerging role of CFTR modulators in influencing CF phagocytic function. Alterations in CF macrophages from receptor initiation to phagosome formation are linked to disease progression in CF. A deeper understanding of macrophages in the context of CFTR and phagocytosis proteins at each step of phagosome formation might contribute to the new therapeutic development of dysregulated innate immunity in CF. Therefore, the review also indicates future areas of research in the context of CFTR and macrophages.
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14
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Golusda L, Kühl AA, Lehmann M, Dahlke K, Mueller S, Boehm-Sturm P, Saatz J, Traub H, Schnorr J, Freise C, Taupitz M, Biskup K, Blanchard V, Klein O, Sack I, Siegmund B, Paclik D. Visualization of Inflammation in Experimental Colitis by Magnetic Resonance Imaging Using Very Small Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Particles. Front Physiol 2022; 13:862212. [PMID: 35903065 PMCID: PMC9315402 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.862212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) comprise mainly ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn´s disease (CD). Both forms present with a chronic inflammation of the (gastro) intestinal tract, which induces excessive changes in the composition of the associated extracellular matrix (ECM). In UC, the inflammation is limited to the colon, whereas it can occur throughout the entire gastrointestinal tract in CD. Tools for early diagnosis of IBD are still very limited and highly invasive and measures for standardized evaluation of structural changes are scarce. To investigate an efficient non-invasive way of diagnosing intestinal inflammation and early changes of the ECM, very small superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (VSOPs) in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were applied in two mouse models of experimental colitis: the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis and the transfer model of colitis. For further validation of ECM changes and inflammation, tissue sections were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. For in depth ex-vivo investigation of VSOPs localization within the tissue, Europium-doped VSOPs served to visualize the contrast agent by imaging mass cytometry (IMC). VSOPs accumulation in the inflamed colon wall of DSS-induced colitis mice was visualized in T2* weighted MRI scans. Components of the ECM, especially the hyaluronic acid content, were found to influence VSOPs binding. Using IMC, co-localization of VSOPs with macrophages and endothelial cells in colon tissue was shown. In contrast to the DSS model, colonic inflammation could not be visualized with VSOP-enhanced MRI in transfer colitis. VSOPs present a potential contrast agent for contrast-enhanced MRI to detect intestinal inflammation in mice at an early stage and in a less invasive manner depending on hyaluronic acid content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Golusda
- Medical Department, Division of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- iPATH.Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja A. Kühl
- iPATH.Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Malte Lehmann
- Medical Department, Division of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katja Dahlke
- Medical Department, Division of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- iPATH.Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Mueller
- Department of Experimental Neurology and Center for Stroke Research, Campus Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence and Charité Core Facility 7T Experimental MRIs, Campus Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Boehm-Sturm
- Department of Experimental Neurology and Center for Stroke Research, Campus Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence and Charité Core Facility 7T Experimental MRIs, Campus Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jessica Saatz
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und-prüfung (BAM), Division Inorganic Trace Analysis, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heike Traub
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und-prüfung (BAM), Division Inorganic Trace Analysis, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joerg Schnorr
- Department of Radiology-Experimental Radiology, Campus Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Freise
- Department of Radiology-Experimental Radiology, Campus Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Taupitz
- Department of Radiology-Experimental Radiology, Campus Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karina Biskup
- Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Véronique Blanchard
- Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Klein
- BIH-Center for Regenerative Therapies, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ingolf Sack
- Department of Radiology-Experimental Radiology, Campus Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Britta Siegmund
- Medical Department, Division of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniela Paclik
- Medical Department, Division of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- iPATH.Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Daniela Paclik,
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15
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Mathew AP, Rajendrakumar SK, Mohapatra A, Vasukutty A, Revuri V, Mondal J, Lee YK, Lee JY, Park IK. Hyaluronan-coated Prussian blue nanoparticles relieve LPS-induced peritonitis by suppressing oxidative species generation in tissue-resident macrophages. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:1248-1256. [DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01796a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Excessive inflammatory response during sepsis causes irreversible damage to healthy tissues and results in multi-organ failure. During infection, bacterial endotoxin-triggered inflammatory responses in macrophages facilitate the recruitment of circulating leukocytes,...
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16
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Claridge B, Lozano J, Poh QH, Greening DW. Development of Extracellular Vesicle Therapeutics: Challenges, Considerations, and Opportunities. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:734720. [PMID: 34616741 PMCID: PMC8488228 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.734720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) hold great promise as therapeutic modalities due to their endogenous characteristics, however, further bioengineering refinement is required to address clinical and commercial limitations. Clinical applications of EV-based therapeutics are being trialed in immunomodulation, tissue regeneration and recovery, and as delivery vectors for combination therapies. Native/biological EVs possess diverse endogenous properties that offer stability and facilitate crossing of biological barriers for delivery of molecular cargo to cells, acting as a form of intercellular communication to regulate function and phenotype. Moreover, EVs are important components of paracrine signaling in stem/progenitor cell-based therapies, are employed as standalone therapies, and can be used as a drug delivery system. Despite remarkable utility of native/biological EVs, they can be improved using bio/engineering approaches to further therapeutic potential. EVs can be engineered to harbor specific pharmaceutical content, enhance their stability, and modify surface epitopes for improved tropism and targeting to cells and tissues in vivo. Limitations currently challenging the full realization of their therapeutic utility include scalability and standardization of generation, molecular characterization for design and regulation, therapeutic potency assessment, and targeted delivery. The fields' utilization of advanced technologies (imaging, quantitative analyses, multi-omics, labeling/live-cell reporters), and utility of biocompatible natural sources for producing EVs (plants, bacteria, milk) will play an important role in overcoming these limitations. Advancements in EV engineering methodologies and design will facilitate the development of EV-based therapeutics, revolutionizing the current pharmaceutical landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany Claridge
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science (LIMS), La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jonathan Lozano
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Qi Hui Poh
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science (LIMS), La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David W. Greening
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science (LIMS), La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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17
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Parada N, Romero-Trujillo A, Georges N, Alcayaga-Miranda F. Camouflage strategies for therapeutic exosomes evasion from phagocytosis. J Adv Res 2021; 31:61-74. [PMID: 34194832 PMCID: PMC8240105 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Even though exosome-based therapy has been shown to be able to control the progression of different pathologies, the data revealed by pharmacokinetic studies warn of the low residence time of exogenous exosomes in circulation that can hinder the clinical translation of therapeutic exosomes. The macrophages related to the organs of the mononuclear phagocytic system are responsible primarily for the rapid clearance and retention of exosomes, which strongly limits the amount of exosomal particles available to reach the target tissue, accumulate in it and release with high efficiency its therapeutic cargo in acceptor target cells to exert the desired biological effect. Aim of review Endowing exosomes with surface modifications to evade the immune system is a plausible strategy to contribute to the suppression of exosomal clearance and increase the efficiency of their targeted content delivery. Here, we summarize the current evidence about the mechanisms underlying the recognition and sequestration of therapeutic exosomes by phagocytic cells. Also, we propose different strategies to generate 'invisible' exosomes for the immune system, through the incorporation of different anti-phagocytic molecules on the exosomes’ surface that allow increasing the circulating half-life of therapeutic exosomes with the purpose to increase their bioavailability to reach the target tissue, transfer their therapeutic molecular cargo and improve their efficacy profile. Key scientific concepts of review Macrophage-mediated phagocytosis are the main responsible behind the short half-life in circulation of systemically injected exosomes, hindering their therapeutic effect. Exosomes ‘Camouflage Cloak’ strategy using antiphagocytic molecules can contribute to the inhibition of exosomal clearance, hence, increasing the on-target effect. Some candidate molecules that could exert an antiphagocytic role are CD47, CD24, CD44, CD31, β2M, PD-L1, App1, and DHMEQ. Pre- and post-isolation methods for exosome engineering are compatible with the loading of therapeutic cargo and the expression of antiphagocytic surface molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicol Parada
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CIIB), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alfonso Romero-Trujillo
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CIIB), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolás Georges
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CIIB), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisca Alcayaga-Miranda
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CIIB), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,Cells for Cells, Santiago, Chile.,Consorcio Regenero, Chilean Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Santiago, Chile
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18
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COVID-19 severity correlates with airway epithelium–immune cell interactions identified by single-cell analysis. Nat Biotechnol 2020; 38:970-979. [DOI: 10.1038/s41587-020-0602-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 616] [Impact Index Per Article: 154.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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19
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Uribe-Querol E, Rosales C. Phagocytosis: Our Current Understanding of a Universal Biological Process. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1066. [PMID: 32582172 PMCID: PMC7280488 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Phagocytosis is a cellular process for ingesting and eliminating particles larger than 0.5 μm in diameter, including microorganisms, foreign substances, and apoptotic cells. Phagocytosis is found in many types of cells and it is, in consequence an essential process for tissue homeostasis. However, only specialized cells termed professional phagocytes accomplish phagocytosis with high efficiency. Macrophages, neutrophils, monocytes, dendritic cells, and osteoclasts are among these dedicated cells. These professional phagocytes express several phagocytic receptors that activate signaling pathways resulting in phagocytosis. The process of phagocytosis involves several phases: i) detection of the particle to be ingested, ii) activation of the internalization process, iii) formation of a specialized vacuole called phagosome, and iv) maturation of the phagosome to transform it into a phagolysosome. In this review, we present a general view of our current understanding on cells, phagocytic receptors and phases involved in phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen Uribe-Querol
- División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Rosales
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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20
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RIAM-VASP Module Relays Integrin Complement Receptors in Outside-In Signaling Driving Particle Engulfment. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051166. [PMID: 32397169 PMCID: PMC7291270 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The phagocytic integrins and complement receptors αMβ2/CR3 and αXβ2/CR4 are classically associated with the phagocytosis of iC3b-opsonized particles. The activation of this receptor is dependent on signals derived from other receptors (inside-out signaling) with the crucial involvement of the Rap1-RIAM-Talin-1 pathway. Here, we analyze the implication of RIAM and its binding partner VASP in the signaling events occurring downstream of β2 integrins (outside-in) during complement-mediated phagocytosis. To this end, we used HL-60 promyelocytic cell lines deficient in RIAM or VASP or overexpressing EGFP-tagged VASP to determine VASP dynamics at phagocytic cups. Our results indicate that RIAM-deficient HL-60 cells presented impaired particle internalization and altered integrin downstream signaling during complement-dependent phagocytosis. Similarly, VASP deficiency completely blocked phagocytosis, while VASP overexpression increased the random movement of phagocytic particles at the cell surface, with reduced internalization. Moreover, the recruitment of VASP to particle contact sites, amount of pSer157-VASP and formation of actin-rich phagocytic cups were dependent on RIAM expression. Our results suggested that RIAM worked as a relay for integrin complement receptors in outside-in signaling, coordinating integrin activation and cytoskeletal rearrangements via its interaction with VASP.
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21
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Choi KY, Han HS, Lee ES, Shin JM, Almquist BD, Lee DS, Park JH. Hyaluronic Acid-Based Activatable Nanomaterials for Stimuli-Responsive Imaging and Therapeutics: Beyond CD44-Mediated Drug Delivery. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1803549. [PMID: 30773699 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201803549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
There is a rapidly increasing interest in developing stimuli-responsive nanomaterials for treating a variety of diseases. By enabling the activation of function locally at the sites of interest, it is possible to increase therapeutic efficacy significantly while simultaneously reducing adverse side effects. While there are many sophisticated nanomaterials available, they are often highly complex and not easily transferrable to industrial scales and clinical settings. However, nanomaterials based on hyaluronic acid offer a compelling strategy for reducing their complexity while retaining several desirable benefits such as active targeting and stimuli-responsive degradation. Herein, the basic properties of hyaluronic acid, its binding partners, and natural routes for degradation by hyaluronidases-hyaluronic-acid-degrading enzymes-and oxidative stresses are discussed. Recent advances in designing hyaluronic acid-based, actively targeted, hyaluronidase- or reactive-oxygen-species-responsive nanomaterials for both diagnostic imaging and therapeutic delivery, which go beyond merely the classical targeting of CD44, are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Young Choi
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Seung Han
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Sook Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Shin
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Doo Sung Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Theranostic Macromolecules Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyung Park
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
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22
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Francis RO, Mahajan S, Rapido F, La Carpia F, Soffing M, Divgi C, Yeh R, Mintz A, Leslie L, Agrest I, Karafin MS, Ginzburg Y, Shaz BH, Spitalnik SL, Schwartz J, Thomas T, Fu X, Amireault P, Buffet P, Zimring JC, D'Alessandro A, Hod EA. Reexamination of the chromium-51-labeled posttransfusion red blood cell recovery method. Transfusion 2019; 59:2264-2275. [PMID: 31002399 DOI: 10.1111/trf.15310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The chromium-51-labeled posttransfusion recovery (PTR) study has been the gold-standard test for assessing red blood cell (RBC) quality. Despite guiding RBC storage development for decades, it has several potential sources for error. METHODS Four healthy adult volunteers each donated an autologous, leukoreduced RBC unit, aliquots were radiolabeled with technetium-99m after 1 and 6 weeks of storage, and then infused. Subjects were imaged by single-photon-emission computed tomography immediately and 4 hours after infusion. Additionally, from subjects described in a previously published study, adenosine triphosphate levels in transfusates infused into 52 healthy volunteers randomized to a single autologous, leukoreduced, RBC transfusion after 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 weeks of storage were correlated with PTR and laboratory parameters of hemolysis. RESULTS Evidence from one subject imaged after infusion of technetium-99m-labeled RBCs suggests that, in some individuals, RBCs may be temporarily sequestered in the liver and spleen immediately following transfusion and then subsequently released back into circulation; this could be one source of error leading to PTR results that may not accurately predict the true quantity of RBCs cleared by intra- and/or extravascular hemolysis. Indeed, adenosine triphosphate levels in the transfusates correlated more robustly with measures of extravascular hemolysis in vivo (e.g., serum iron, indirect bilirubin, non-transferrin-bound iron) than with PTR results or measures of intravascular hemolysis (e.g., plasma free hemoglobin). CONCLUSIONS Sources of measurement error are inherent in the chromium-51 PTR method. Transfusion of an entire unlabeled RBC unit, followed by quantifying extravascular hemolysis markers, may more accurately measure true posttransfusion RBC recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard O Francis
- Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center-New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Sonia Mahajan
- Nuclear Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center-New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Francesca Rapido
- Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center-New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
- Pôle Neuroscience Tête et Cou, Département d'Anesthésie -Réanimation Hôpital Gui de Chauliac- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Montpellier, France
| | - Francesca La Carpia
- Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center-New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Mark Soffing
- Nuclear Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center-New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Chaitanya Divgi
- Nuclear Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center-New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Randy Yeh
- Nuclear Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center-New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Akiva Mintz
- Nuclear Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center-New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Lenhurst Leslie
- Nuclear Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center-New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Irina Agrest
- Nuclear Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center-New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | | | - Yelena Ginzburg
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | | | - Steven L Spitalnik
- Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center-New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Joseph Schwartz
- Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center-New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Tiffany Thomas
- Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center-New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Xiaoyun Fu
- BloodWorks Northwest, Seattle, Washington
| | - Pascal Amireault
- Biologie Intégrée du Globule Rouge UMR_S1134, INSERM, Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Univ. de la Réunion, Univ. des Antilles, Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hematological Disorders and Therapeutic Implications U1163/CNRS ERL 8254, INSERM, CNRS, Univ Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Buffet
- Biologie Intégrée du Globule Rouge UMR_S1134, INSERM, Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Univ. de la Réunion, Univ. des Antilles, Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Eldad A Hod
- Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center-New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
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23
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Westman J, Grinstein S, Maxson ME. Revisiting the role of calcium in phagosome formation and maturation. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 106:837-851. [DOI: 10.1002/jlb.mr1118-444r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Westman
- Program in Cell BiologyHospital for Sick Children Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Sergio Grinstein
- Program in Cell BiologyHospital for Sick Children Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Keenan Research Centre of the Li Ka Shing Knowledge InstituteSt. Michael's Hospital Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Michelle E. Maxson
- Program in Cell BiologyHospital for Sick Children Toronto Ontario Canada
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24
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Li N, Ludmann SA, Anest L, He C, Narayanan PK. Generation of Macrophages from Cynomolgus-Monkey Bone Marrow as a Model to Evaluate Effects of Drugs on Innate Immunity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 80:e74. [PMID: 30982234 DOI: 10.1002/cptx.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are innate immune cells that play important roles in various physiological and pathological processes. Evaluation of pro-inflammatory effects of drugs on macrophages has become commonplace in preclinical drug development prior to human clinical trials. Despite their body-wide distribution, tissue macrophages are often difficult to collect from large animals and humans in a noninvasive manner. Therefore, in vitro-differentiated macrophages are important tools to facilitate cross-species analysis of macrophage function. Although cynomolgus monkeys are an essential non-rodent species for preclinical research, in vitro differentiation of cynomolgus-monkey macrophages has been poorly characterized. In the present unit, we describe a protocol to differentiate cynomolgus-monkey macrophages from isolated bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs). In contrast to monocytes, cynomolgus-monkey BMMCs show robust expansion in the presence of macrophage colony-stimulating factor in vitro, which allows expansion of many cells from a single animal donor. Macrophages differentiated from BMMCs retain many of the macrophage phenotypes and functions, including phagocytosis and cytokine release, and therefore can be used as a surrogate to assess effects of drugs on cynomolgus-monkey macrophages. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianyu Li
- Amgen Seattle, Seattle, Washington.,Current address: Merck & Co Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania
| | - Susan A Ludmann
- Amgen Seattle, Seattle, Washington.,Current address: Allen Institute for Cell Science, Seattle, Washington
| | - Lisa Anest
- Amgen Seattle, Seattle, Washington.,Current address: Gilead Sciences, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ching He
- Amgen Seattle, Seattle, Washington.,Current address: Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Padma Kumar Narayanan
- Amgen Seattle, Seattle, Washington.,Current address: Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, California
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25
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Blackburn JWD, Lau DHC, Liu EY, Ellins J, Vrieze AM, Pawlak EN, Dikeakos JD, Heit B. Soluble CD93 is an apoptotic cell opsonin recognized by α x β 2. Eur J Immunol 2019; 49:600-610. [PMID: 30656676 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201847801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Efferocytosis is essential for homeostasis and prevention of the inflammatory and autoimmune diseases resulting from apoptotic cell lysis. CD93 is a transmembrane glycoprotein previously implicated in efferocytosis, with mutations in CD93 predisposing patients to efferocytosis-associated diseases. CD93 is a cell surface protein, which is proteolytically shed under inflammatory conditions, but it is unknown how CD93 mediates efferocytosis or whether its efferocytic activity is mediated by the soluble or membrane-bound form. Herein, using cell lines and human monocytes and macrophages, we demonstrate that soluble CD93 (sCD93) potently opsonizes apoptotic cells but not a broad range of microorganisms, whereas membrane-bound CD93 has no phagocytic, efferocytic, or tethering activity. Using mass spectrometry, we identified αx β2 as the receptor that recognizes sCD93, and via deletion mutagenesis determined that sCD93 binds to apoptotic cells via its C-type lectin-like domain and to αx β2 by its EGF-like repeats. The bridging of apoptotic cells to αx β2 markedly enhanced efferocytosis by macrophages and was abrogated by αx β2 knockdown. Combined, these data elucidate the mechanism by which CD93 regulates efferocytosis and identifies a previously unreported opsonin-receptor system utilized by phagocytes for the efferocytic clearance of apoptotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack W D Blackburn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Human Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Darius H C Lau
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Human Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elaine Y Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Human Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jessica Ellins
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Human Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Angela M Vrieze
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Human Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emily N Pawlak
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Human Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jimmy D Dikeakos
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Human Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bryan Heit
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Human Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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26
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Gennari A, Rios de la Rosa JM, Hohn E, Pelliccia M, Lallana E, Donno R, Tirella A, Tirelli N. The different ways to chitosan/hyaluronic acid nanoparticles: templated vs direct complexation. Influence of particle preparation on morphology, cell uptake and silencing efficiency. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 10:2594-2608. [PMID: 31976191 PMCID: PMC6964650 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.10.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
This study is about linking preparative processes of nanoparticles with the morphology of the nanoparticles and with their efficiency in delivering payloads intracellularly. The nanoparticles are composed of hyaluronic acid (HA) and chitosan; the former can address a nanoparticle to cell surface receptors such as CD44, the second allows both for entrapment of nucleic acids and for an endosomolytic activity that facilitates their liberation in the cytoplasm. Here, we have systematically compared nanoparticles prepared either A) through a two-step process based on intermediate (template) particles produced via ionotropic gelation of chitosan with triphosphate (TPP), which are then incubated with HA, or B) through direct polyelectrolyte complexation of chitosan and HA. Here we demonstrate that HA is capable to quantitatively replace TPP in the template process and significant aggregation takes place during the TPP-HA exchange. The templated chitosan/HA nanoparticles therefore have a mildly larger size (measured by dynamic light scattering alone or by field flow fractionation coupled to static or dynamic light scattering), and above all a higher aspect ratio (R g/R H) and a lower fractal dimension. We then compared the kinetics of uptake and the (antiluciferase) siRNA delivery performance in murine RAW 264.7 macrophages and in human HCT-116 colorectal tumor cells. The preparative method (and therefore the internal particle morphology) had little effect on the uptake kinetics and no statistically relevant influence on silencing (templated particles often showing a lower silencing). Cell-specific factors, on the contrary, overwhelmingly determined the efficacy of the carriers, with, e.g., those containing low-MW chitosan performing better in macrophages and those with high-MW chitosan in HCT-116.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Gennari
- Laboratory of Polymers and Biomaterials, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Julio M Rios de la Rosa
- NorthWest Centre for Advanced Drug Delivery (NoWCADD), School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Stopford Building, University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
- current address: Cambridge Enterprise Limited, University of Cambridge, Hauser Forum, 3 Charles Babbage Rd, Cambridge, CB3 0GT, United Kingdom
| | - Erwin Hohn
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Stopford Building, University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
- current address: Novartis EBEWE Pharma Ges.m.b.H. Nfg.KG, Lehenau 10a, 5325 Plainfield, Austria
| | - Maria Pelliccia
- NorthWest Centre for Advanced Drug Delivery (NoWCADD), School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
- current address: Orchard Therapeutics plc., 108 Cannon Street, EC4N 6EU London, United Kingdom
| | - Enrique Lallana
- NorthWest Centre for Advanced Drug Delivery (NoWCADD), School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Stopford Building, University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Roberto Donno
- Laboratory of Polymers and Biomaterials, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Annalisa Tirella
- NorthWest Centre for Advanced Drug Delivery (NoWCADD), School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Stopford Building, University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Tirelli
- Laboratory of Polymers and Biomaterials, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy
- NorthWest Centre for Advanced Drug Delivery (NoWCADD), School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
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27
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Proteomic analysis of lipopolysaccharide activated human monocytes. Mol Immunol 2018; 103:257-269. [PMID: 30326359 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Monocytes are key mediators of innate immunity and comprise an important cellular defence against invading pathogens. However, exaggerated or dysregulated monocyte activation can lead to severe immune-mediated pathology such as sepsis or chronic inflammatory diseases. Thus, detailed insight into the molecular mechanisms of monocyte activation is essential to understand monocyte-driven inflammatory pathologies. We therefore investigated the global protein changes in human monocytes during lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activation to mimic bacterial activation. Purified human monocytes were stimulated with LPS for 17 h and analyzed by state-of-the-art liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The label-free quantitative proteome analysis identified 2746 quantifiable proteins of which 101 had a statistically significantly different abundance between LPS-stimulated cells and unstimulated controls. Additionally, 143 proteins were exclusively identified in either LPS stimulated cells or unstimulated controls. Functional annotation clustering demonstrated that LPS, most significantly, regulates proteasomal- and lysosomal proteins but in opposite directions. Thus, seven proteasome subunits were upregulated by LPS while 11 lysosomal proteins were downregulated. Both systems are critically involved in processing of proteins for antigen-presentation and together with LPS-induced regulation of CD74 and tapasin, our data suggest that LPS can skew monocytic antigen-presentation towards MHC class I rather than MHC class II. In summary, this study provides a sensitive high throughput protein analysis of LPS-induced monocyte activation and identifies several LPS-regulated proteins not previously described in the literature which can be used as a source for future studies.
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28
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Qadri M, Jay GD, Zhang LX, Wong W, Reginato AM, Sun C, Schmidt TA, Elsaid KA. Recombinant human proteoglycan-4 reduces phagocytosis of urate crystals and downstream nuclear factor kappa B and inflammasome activation and production of cytokines and chemokines in human and murine macrophages. Arthritis Res Ther 2018; 20:192. [PMID: 30157934 PMCID: PMC6116363 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-018-1693-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gout is an inflammatory arthritis caused by monosodium urate monohydrate (MSU) crystals’ joint deposition. MSU phagocytosis by resident macrophages is a key step in gout pathogenesis. MSU phagocytosis triggers nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) activation and production of cytokines and chemokines. Proteoglycan-4 (PRG4) is a glycoprotein produced by synovial fibroblasts and exerts an anti-inflammatory effect in the joint mediated by its interaction with cell surface receptor CD44. PRG4 also binds and antagonizes TLR2 and TLR4. The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of recombinant human PRG4 (rhPRG4) in suppressing MSU-induced inflammation and mechanical allodynia in vitro and in vivo. Methods THP-1 macrophages were incubated with MSU crystals ± rhPRG4 or bovine submaxillary mucin (BSM), and crystal phagocytosis, cytokines and chemokines expression and production were determined. NFκB p65 subunit nuclear translocation, NLRP3 induction, caspase-1 activation and conversion of proIL-1β to mature IL-1β were studied. MSU phagocytosis by Prg4+/+ and Prg4−/− peritoneal macrophages was determined in the absence or presence of rhPRG4, BSM, anti-CD44, anti-TLR2, anti-TLR4 and isotype control antibodies. Rhodamine-labeled rhPRG4 was incubated with murine macrophages and receptor colocalization studies were performed. Lewis rats underwent intra-articular injection of MSU crystals followed by intra-articular treatment with PBS or rhPRG4. Weight bearing and SF myeloperoxidase activities were determined. Results rhPRG4 reduced MSU crystal phagocytosis at 4 h (p < 0.01) and IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-8 and MCP-1 expression and production at 6 h (p < 0.05). BSM did not alter MSU phagocytosis or IL-1β production in human and murine macrophages. rhPRG4 treatment reduced NFκB nuclear translocation, NLRP3 expression, caspase-1 activation and generation of mature IL-1β (p < 0.05). MSU-stimulated IL-1β production was higher in Prg4−/− macrophages compared to Prg4+/+ macrophages (p < 0.001). rhPRG4, anti-CD44, anti-TLR2 and anti-TLR4 antibody treatments reduced MSU phagocytosis and IL-1β production in murine macrophages (p < 0.05). rhPRG4 preferentially colocalized with CD44 on Prg4−/− peritoneal macrophages compared to TLR2 or TLR4 (p < 0.01). rhPRG4 normalized weight bearing and reduced SF myeloperoxidase activity compared to PBS in vivo. Conclusion rhPRG4 inhibits MSU crystal phagocytosis and exhibits an anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activity in vitro and in vivo. rhPRG4’s anti-inflammatory mechanism may be due to targeting CD44 on macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Qadri
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Rinker Health Sciences Campus, 9401 Jeronimo Road, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA
| | - Gregory D Jay
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ling X Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Wendy Wong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Anthony M Reginato
- Division of Rheumatology and Department of Dermatology, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Changqi Sun
- Division of Rheumatology and Department of Dermatology, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Tannin A Schmidt
- Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Khaled A Elsaid
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Rinker Health Sciences Campus, 9401 Jeronimo Road, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA.
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29
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Panda SK, Facchinetti V, Voynova E, Hanabuchi S, Karnell JL, Hanna RN, Kolbeck R, Sanjuan MA, Ettinger R, Liu YJ. Galectin-9 inhibits TLR7-mediated autoimmunity in murine lupus models. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:1873-1887. [PMID: 29611821 DOI: 10.1172/jci97333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled secretion of type I IFN, as the result of endosomal TLR (i.e., TLR7 and TLR9) signaling in plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs), and abnormal production of autoantibodies by B cells are critical for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) pathogenesis. The importance of galectin-9 (Gal-9) in regulating various autoimmune diseases, including lupus, has been demonstrated. However, the precise mechanism by which Gal-9 mediates this effect remains unclear. Here, using spontaneous murine models of lupus (i.e., BXSB/MpJ and NZB/W F1 mice), we demonstrate that administration of Gal-9 results in reduced TLR7-mediated autoimmune manifestations. While investigating the mechanism underlying this phenomenon, we observed that Gal-9 inhibits the phenotypic maturation of pDCs and B cells and abrogates their ability to mount cytokine responses to TLR7/TLR9 ligands. Importantly, immunocomplex-mediated (IC-mediated) and neutrophil extracellular trap-mediated (NET-mediated) pDC activation was inhibited by Gal-9. Additionally, the mTOR/p70S6K pathway, which is recruited by both pDCs and B cells for TLR-mediated IFN secretion and autoantibody generation, respectively, was attenuated. Gal-9 was found to exert its inhibitory effect on both the cells by interacting with CD44.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh K Panda
- MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA.,Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | | | | | - Shino Hanabuchi
- MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA.,Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yong-Jun Liu
- MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA.,Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Dallas, Texas, USA.,MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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30
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Patsoukis N, Bardhan K, Weaver JD, Sari D, Torres-Gomez A, Li L, Strauss L, Lafuente EM, Boussiotis VA. The adaptor molecule RIAM integrates signaling events critical for integrin-mediated control of immune function and cancer progression. Sci Signal 2017; 10:10/493/eaam8298. [DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aam8298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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31
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Phagocytosis: A Fundamental Process in Immunity. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:9042851. [PMID: 28691037 PMCID: PMC5485277 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9042851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
One hundred years have passed since the death of Élie Metchnikoff (1845-1916). He was the first to observe the uptake of particles by cells and realized the importance of this process for the host response to injury and infection. He also was a strong advocate of the role of phagocytosis in cellular immunity, and with this he gave us the basis for our modern understanding of inflammation and the innate and acquired immune responses. Phagocytosis is an elegant but complex process for the ingestion and elimination of pathogens, but it is also important for the elimination of apoptotic cells and hence fundamental for tissue homeostasis. Phagocytosis can be divided into four main steps: (i) recognition of the target particle, (ii) signaling to activate the internalization machinery, (iii) phagosome formation, and (iv) phagolysosome maturation. In recent years, the use of new tools of molecular biology and microscopy has provided new insights into the cellular mechanisms of phagocytosis. In this review, we present a general view of our current knowledge on phagocytosis. We emphasize novel molecular findings, particularly on phagosome formation and maturation, and discuss aspects that remain incompletely understood.
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32
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Lu KY, Lin PY, Chuang EY, Shih CM, Cheng TM, Lin TY, Sung HW, Mi FL. H 2O 2-Depleting and O 2-Generating Selenium Nanoparticles for Fluorescence Imaging and Photodynamic Treatment of Proinflammatory-Activated Macrophages. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:5158-5172. [PMID: 28120612 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b15515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages have a pivotal role in chronic inflammatory diseases (CIDs), so imaging and controlling activated macrophage is critical for detecting and reducing chronic inflammation. In this study, photodynamic selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) with photosensitive and macrophage-targeting bilayers were developed. The first layer of the photosensitive macromolecule was composed of a conjugate of a photosensitizer (rose bengal, RB) and a thiolated chitosan (chitosan-glutathione), resulting in a plasmonic coupling-induced red shift and broadening of RB absorption bands with increased absorption intensity. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and diphenylanthracene (DPA) quenching studies revealed that the SeNPs that were coated with the photosensitive layer were more effective than RB alone in producing singlet oxygen (1O2) under photoirradiation. The second layer of the activated macrophage-targetable macromolecule was synthesized by conjugation of hyaluronic acid with folic acid using an ethylenediamine linker. Proinflammatory-activated macrophages rapidly internalized the SeNPs that were covered with the targeting ligand, exhibiting a much stronger fluorescence signal of the SeNPs than did the nonactivated macrophages. Since proinflammatory-activated macrophage was known to generate a substantial amount of H2O2 while the inflamed site generally caused inflammation-associated tissue hypoxia, the SeNPs were further modified with O2 self-sufficient function for photodynamic therapy. Catalase was immobilized on the SeNPs by the formation of disulfide bonds. Intracellular reduction of disulfide bonds induced the subsequent release of catalase, which catalyzed the decomposition of H2O2. The H2O2-depleting and O2-generating photodynamic SeNPs efficiently killed activated macrophages and quenched the intracellular H2O2 and NO that are associated with inflammation. The SeNPs may have potential as a theranostic nanomaterial to image and control the activation of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Ying Lu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University , Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yen Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Er-Yuan Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University , Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chwen-Ming Shih
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University , Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University , Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Mu Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Medicine and Technology, Taipei Medical University , Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Yao Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University , Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Wen Sung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Fwu-Long Mi
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University , Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University , Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University , Taipei 11031, Taiwan
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Hayward SL, Wilson CL, Kidambi S. Hyaluronic acid-conjugated liposome nanoparticles for targeted delivery to CD44 overexpressing glioblastoma cells. Oncotarget 2016; 7:34158-71. [PMID: 27120809 PMCID: PMC5085145 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is a highly prevalent and deadly brain malignancy characterized by poor prognosis and restricted disease management potential. Despite the success of nanocarrier systems to improve drug/gene therapy for cancer, active targeting specificity remains a major hurdle for GBM. Additionally, since the brain is a multi-cell type organ, there is a critical need to develop an approach to distinguish between GBM cells and healthy brain cells for safe and successful treatment. In this report, we have incorporated hyaluronic acid (HA) as an active targeting ligand for GBM. To do so, we employed HA conjugated liposomes (HALNPs) to study the uptake pathway in key cells in the brain including primary astrocytes, microglia, and human GBM cells. We observed that the HALNPs specifically target GBM cells over other brain cells due to higher expression of CD44 in tumor cells. Furthermore, CD44 driven HALNP uptake into GBM cells resulted in lysosomal evasion and increased efficacy of Doxorubicin, a model anti-neoplastic agent, while the astrocytes and microglia cells exhibited extensive HALNP-lysosome co-localization and decreased antineoplastic potency. In summary, novel CD44 targeted lipid based nanocarriers appear to be proficient in mediating site-specific delivery of drugs via CD44 receptors in GBM cells, with an improved therapeutic margin and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen L. Hayward
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Christina L. Wilson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Srivatsan Kidambi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
- Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, Lincoln, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
- Nebraska Center for the Prevention of Obesity Diseases, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE, Lincoln, 68583, USA
- Mary and Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha NE, 68198, USA
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Gliotoxin Suppresses Macrophage Immune Function by Subverting Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-Trisphosphate Homeostasis. mBio 2016; 7:e02242. [PMID: 27048806 PMCID: PMC4817266 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02242-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus, an opportunistic fungal pathogen, spreads in the environment by releasing numerous conidia that are capable of reaching the small alveolar airways of mammalian hosts. In otherwise healthy individuals, macrophages are responsible for rapidly phagocytosing and eliminating these conidia, effectively curbing their germination and consequent invasion of pulmonary tissue. However, under some circumstances, the fungus evades phagocyte-mediated immunity and persists in the respiratory tree. Here, we report that A. fumigatus escapes macrophage recognition by strategically targeting phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate [PtdIns(3,4,5)P3] metabolism through gliotoxin, a potent immunosuppressive mycotoxin. Time-lapse microscopy revealed that, in response to the toxin, macrophages cease to ruffle, undergo abrupt membrane retraction, and fail to phagocytose large targets effectively. Gliotoxin was found to prevent integrin activation and interfere with actin dynamics, both of which are instrumental for phagocytosis; similar effects were noted in immortalized and primary phagocytes. Detailed studies of the underlying molecular mechanisms of toxicity revealed that inhibition of phagocytosis is attributable to impaired accumulation of PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 and the associated dysregulation of downstream effectors, including Rac and/or Cdc42. Strikingly, in response to the diacylglycerol mimetic phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, gliotoxin-treated macrophages reactivate beta integrins, reestablish actin dynamics, and regain phagocytic capacity, despite the overt absence of plasmalemmal PtdIns(3,4,5)P3. Together, our findings identify phosphoinositide metabolism as a critical upstream target of gliotoxin and also indicate that increased diacylglycerol levels can bypass the requirement for PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 signaling during membrane ruffling and phagocytosis. Aspergillus fumigatus is the most frequent cause of human infections in the Aspergillus genus. In immunocompromised populations, invasive aspergillosis (IA) is associated with a mortality rate of up to 90%, and current antifungal therapies have failed to prevent or reverse the infection. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the interactions between A. fumigatus and its host is required. In healthy humans, alveolar macrophages can ingest and eliminate fungal spores, thus limiting their germination into mycotoxin-producing hyphae. Our studies reveal that gliotoxin—the most abundant Aspergillus mycotoxin—undermines the ability of phagocytes to carry out their protective functions. By targeting PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 signaling and downregulating phagocytic immune defenses, the toxin could also exacerbate polymicrobial infections. Notably, we were able to reverse gliotoxin toxicity by addition of diacylglycerol analogues, which may provide the basis for therapeutic interventions.
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Milde R, Ritter J, Tennent GA, Loesch A, Martinez FO, Gordon S, Pepys MB, Verschoor A, Helming L. Multinucleated Giant Cells Are Specialized for Complement-Mediated Phagocytosis and Large Target Destruction. Cell Rep 2015; 13:1937-48. [PMID: 26628365 PMCID: PMC4675895 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.10.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Multinucleated giant cells (MGCs) form by fusion of macrophages and are presumed to contribute to the removal of debris from tissues. In a systematic in vitro analysis, we show that IL-4-induced MGCs phagocytosed large and complement-opsonized materials more effectively than their unfused M2 macrophage precursors. MGC expression of complement receptor 4 (CR4) was increased, but it functioned primarily as an adhesion integrin. In contrast, although expression of CR3 was not increased, it became functionally activated during fusion and was located on the extensive membrane ruffles created by excess plasma membrane arising from macrophage fusion. The combination of increased membrane area and activated CR3 specifically equips MGCs to engulf large complement-coated targets. Moreover, we demonstrate these features in vivo in the recently described complement-dependent therapeutic elimination of systemic amyloid deposits by MGCs. MGCs are evidently more than the sum of their macrophage parts. MGCs are specialized for phagocytosis of large and complement-opsonized particles MGCs show extensive membrane ruffles containing pre-activated complement receptor 3 Membrane ruffles provide excess membrane for ingestion of large materials MGCs eliminate systemic amyloid deposits after immunotherapeutic targeting
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronny Milde
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Ritter
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Glenys A Tennent
- Wolfson Drug Discovery Unit, Centre for Amyloidosis and Acute Phase Proteins, Division of Medicine, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Andrzej Loesch
- Wolfson Drug Discovery Unit, Centre for Amyloidosis and Acute Phase Proteins, Division of Medicine, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | | | - Siamon Gordon
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Mark B Pepys
- Wolfson Drug Discovery Unit, Centre for Amyloidosis and Acute Phase Proteins, Division of Medicine, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK.
| | - Admar Verschoor
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany; Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, Universität zu Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Laura Helming
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
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Gomez JC, Yamada M, Martin JR, Dang H, Brickey WJ, Bergmeier W, Dinauer MC, Doerschuk CM. Mechanisms of interferon-γ production by neutrophils and its function during Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2015; 52:349-64. [PMID: 25100610 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0316oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial pneumonia is a common public health problem associated with significant mortality, morbidity, and cost. Neutrophils are usually the earliest leukocytes to respond to bacteria in the lungs. Neutrophils rapidly sequester in the pulmonary microvasculature and migrate into the lung parenchyma and alveolar spaces, where they perform numerous effector functions for host defense. Previous studies showed that migrated neutrophils produce IFN-γ early during pneumonia induced by Streptococcus pneumoniae and that early production of IFN-γ regulates bacterial clearance. IFN-γ production by neutrophils requires Rac2, Hck/Lyn/Fgr Src family tyrosine kinases, and NADPH oxidase. Our current studies examined the mechanisms that regulate IFN-γ production by lung neutrophils during acute S. pneumoniae pneumonia in mice and its function. We demonstrate that IFN-γ production by neutrophils is a tightly regulated process that does not require IL-12. The adaptor molecule MyD88 is critical for IFN-γ production by neutrophils. The guanine nucleotide exchange factor CalDAG-GEFI modulates IFN-γ production. The CD11/CD18 complex, CD44, Toll-like receptors 2 and 4, TRIF, and Nrf2 are not required for IFN-γ production by neutrophils. The recently described neutrophil-dendritic cell hybrid cell, identified by its expression of Ly6G and CD11c, is present at low numbers in pneumonic lungs and is not a source of IFN-γ. IFN-γ produced by neutrophils early during acute S. pneumoniae pneumonia induces transcription of target genes in the lungs, which are critical for host defense. These studies underline the complexity of the neutrophil responses during pneumonia in the acute inflammatory response and in subsequent resolution or initiation of immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Gomez
- 1 Center for Airways Disease, Department of Medicine
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Hamon R, Homan CC, Tran HB, Mukaro VR, Lester SE, Roscioli E, Bosco MD, Murgia CM, Ackland ML, Jersmann HP, Lang C, Zalewski PD, Hodge SJ. Zinc and zinc transporters in macrophages and their roles in efferocytosis in COPD. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110056. [PMID: 25350745 PMCID: PMC4211649 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies have shown that nutritional zinc restriction exacerbates airway inflammation accompanied by an increase in caspase-3 activation and an accumulation of apoptotic epithelial cells in the bronchioles of the mice. Normally, apoptotic cells are rapidly cleared by macrophage efferocytosis, limiting any secondary necrosis and inflammation. We therefore hypothesized that zinc deficiency is not only pro-apoptotic but also impairs macrophage efferocytosis. Impaired efferocytic clearance of apoptotic epithelial cells by alveolar macrophages occurs in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cigarette-smoking and other lung inflammatory diseases. We now show that zinc is a factor in impaired macrophage efferocytosis in COPD. Concentrations of zinc were significantly reduced in the supernatant of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with COPD who were current smokers, compared to healthy controls, smokers or COPD patients not actively smoking. Lavage zinc was positively correlated with AM efferocytosis and there was decreased efferocytosis in macrophages depleted of Zn in vitro by treatment with the membrane-permeable zinc chelator TPEN. Organ and cell Zn homeostasis are mediated by two families of membrane ZIP and ZnT proteins. Macrophages of mice null for ZIP1 had significantly lower intracellular zinc and efferocytosis capability, suggesting ZIP1 may play an important role. We investigated further using the human THP-1 derived macrophage cell line, with and without zinc chelation by TPEN to mimic zinc deficiency. There was no change in ZIP1 mRNA levels by TPEN but a significant 3-fold increase in expression of another influx transporter ZIP2, consistent with a role for ZIP2 in maintaining macrophage Zn levels. Both ZIP1 and ZIP2 proteins were localized to the plasma membrane and cytoplasm in normal human lung alveolar macrophages. We propose that zinc homeostasis in macrophages involves the coordinated action of ZIP1 and ZIP2 transporters responding differently to zinc deficiency signals and that these play important roles in macrophage efferocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhys Hamon
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, South Australia, Australia
| | - Claire C. Homan
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, South Australia, Australia
| | - Hai B. Tran
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Lung Research Laboratory, Hanson Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Violet R. Mukaro
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Lung Research Laboratory, Hanson Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Susan E. Lester
- Rheumatology Unit, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, South Australia, Australia
| | - Eugene Roscioli
- Discipline of Surgery, University of Adelaide, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, South Australia, Australia
| | - Mariea D. Bosco
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Margaret Leigh Ackland
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hubertus P. Jersmann
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Lung Research Laboratory, Hanson Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Carol Lang
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, South Australia, Australia
| | - Peter D. Zalewski
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, South Australia, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Sandra J. Hodge
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Lung Research Laboratory, Hanson Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Rampanelli E, Dessing MC, Claessen N, Teske GJD, Joosten SPJ, Pals ST, Leemans JC, Florquin S. CD44-deficiency attenuates the immunologic responses to LPS and delays the onset of endotoxic shock-induced renal inflammation and dysfunction. PLoS One 2013; 8:e84479. [PMID: 24376813 PMCID: PMC3871539 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication during systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), a potentially deadly clinical condition characterized by whole-body inflammatory state and organ dysfunction. CD44 is a ubiquitously expressed cell-surface transmembrane receptor with multiple functions in inflammatory processes, including sterile renal inflammation. The present study aimed to assess the role of CD44 in endotoxic shock-induced kidney inflammation and dysfunction by using CD44 KO and WT mice exposed intraperitoneally to LPS for 2, 4, and 24 hours . Upon LPS administration, CD44 expression in WT kidneys was augmented at all time-points. At 2 and 4 hours, CD44 KO animals showed a preserved renal function in comparison to WT mice. In absence of CD44, the pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in plasma and kidneys were lower, while renal expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was higher. The cytokine levels were associated with decreased leukocyte influx and endothelial activation in CD44 KO kidneys. Furthermore, in vitro assays demonstrated a role of CD44 in enhancing macrophage cytokine responses to LPS and leukocyte migration. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that lack of CD44 impairs the early pro-inflammatory cytokine response to LPS, diminishes leukocyte migration/chemotaxis and endothelial activation, hence, delays endotoxic shock-induced AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Rampanelli
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark C. Dessing
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nike Claessen
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gwendoline J. D. Teske
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sander P. J. Joosten
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Steven T. Pals
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaklien C. Leemans
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sandrine Florquin
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Nijmegen Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Giovingo M, Nolan M, McCarty R, Pang IH, Clark AF, Beverley RM, Schwartz S, Stamer WD, Walker L, Grybauskas A, Skuran K, Kuprys PV, Yue BY, Knepper PA. sCD44 overexpression increases intraocular pressure and aqueous outflow resistance. Mol Vis 2013; 19:2151-64. [PMID: 24194636 PMCID: PMC3816995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE CD44 plays major roles in multiple physiologic processes. The ectodomain concentration of the CD44 receptor, soluble CD44 (sCD44), is significantly increased in the aqueous humor of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). The purpose of this study was to determine if adenoviral constructs of CD44 and isolated 32-kDa sCD44 change intraocular pressure (IOP) in vivo and aqueous outflow resistance in vitro. METHODS Adenoviral constructs of human standard CD44 (Ad-CD44S), soluble CD44 (Ad-sCD44), and empty viral cDNA were injected into the vitreous of BALB/cJ mice, followed by serial IOP measurements. Overexpression of CD44S and sCD44 was verified in vitro by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and western blot analysis. Anterior segments of porcine eyes were perfused with the isolated sCD44. sCD44-treated human trabecular meshwork (TM) cells and microdissected porcine TM were examined by confocal microscopy and Optiprep density gradient with western blot analysis to determine changes in lipid raft components. RESULTS Intravitreous injection of adenoviral constructs with either Ad-CD44S or Ad-sCD44 vectors caused prolonged ocular hypertension in mice. Eight days after vector injection, Ad-CD44S significantly elevated IOP to 28.3±1.2 mmHg (mean±SEM, n=8; p<0.001); Ad-sCD44 increased IOP to 18.5±2.6 mmHg (n=8; p<0.01), whereas the IOP of uninjected eyes was 12.7±0.2 mmHg (n=16). The IOP elevation lasted more than 50 days. Topical administration of a γ-secretase inhibitor normalized Ad-sCD44-induced elevated IOP. sCD44 levels were significantly elevated in the aqueous humor of Ad-CD44S and Ad-sCD44 eyes versus contralateral uninjected eyes (p<0.01). Anterior segment perfusion of isolated 32-kDa sCD44 significantly decreased aqueous outflow rates. Co-administration of isolated sCD44 and CD44 neutralizing antibody or of γ-secretase inhibitor significantly enhanced flow rates. sCD44-treated human TM cells displayed cross-linked actin network formation. Optiprep density gradient and western blot analysis of human TM cells treated with sCD44 showed decreased annexin 2 expression and increased phosphorylated annexin 2 and caveolin 1 expression. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that sCD44 increases outflow resistance in vivo and in vitro. Viral overexpression of both CD44S and sCD44 is sufficient to cause ocular hypertension. Infusion of sCD44 in porcine anterior segment eyes significantly decreased flow rates. Notably, sCD44 enhanced cross-linked actin network formation. The elevated sCD44 levels seen in POAG aqueous humor may play an important causative role in POAG pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Giovingo
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Michael Nolan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ryan McCarty
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Iok-Hou Pang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX,Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX,North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX
| | - Abbot F. Clark
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX,North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX
| | - Rachel M. Beverley
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Steven Schwartz
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - W. Daniel Stamer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC
| | - Loyal Walker
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Algis Grybauskas
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kevin Skuran
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Paulius V. Kuprys
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Beatrice Y.J.T. Yue
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Paul A. Knepper
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois,Department of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL
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Nolan MJ, Koga T, Walker L, McCarty R, Grybauskas A, Giovingo MC, Skuran K, Kuprys PV, Knepper PA. sCD44 internalization in human trabecular meshwork cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2013; 54:592-601. [PMID: 23287794 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.12-10627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether soluble CD44 (sCD44), a likely biomarker of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), is internalized in cultured human trabecular meshwork (TM) cells and trafficked to mitochondria. METHODS In vitro, 32-kD sCD44 was isolated from human sera, biotinylated, and dephosphorylated. TM cells were incubated for 1 hour at 4°C with biotinylated albumin (b-albumin), biotin-labeled sCD44 (b-sCD44), or hypophosphorylated biotin-labeled sCD44 (-p b-sCD44) in the presence or absence of unlabeled sCD44, hyaluronic acid (HA), and a selected 10-mer HA binding peptide. The slides were warmed for 1 or 2 hours at 37°C, and 125 nM MitoTracker Red was added for the last 20 minutes of the incubation. The cells were washed, fixed, incubated with anti-biotin antibody and FITC-labeled goat anti-mouse antibody, and examined under a confocal microscope. RESULTS TM cell membranes were positive for b-sCD44 after 4°C incubation. When the temperature was raised to 37°C, b-sCD44 or -p b-sCD44 appeared in the cytoplasm. The internalization of b-sCD44 was blocked by excess unlabeled sCD44, HA, and a 10-mer HA-binding peptide. Double label experiments with b-sCD44 or -p b-sCD44 and MitoTracker Red indicated partial overlap. The percent co-localization of MitoTracker Red at 2 hours and FITC -p b-sCD44 was 17.4% (P < 0.001) and for FITC b-sCD44 was 11.7% (P < 0.001) compared with b-albumin. The influence of putative CD44 phosphorylation sites on mitochondrial trafficking was determined by TargetP 1.1. CONCLUSIONS sCD44 is internalized by TM cells and trafficked in part to mitochondria, which may be a factor in the toxicity of sCD44 in the POAG disease process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Nolan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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41
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Frleta D, Ochoa CE, Kramer HB, Khan SA, Stacey AR, Borrow P, Kessler BM, Haynes BF, Bhardwaj N. HIV-1 infection-induced apoptotic microparticles inhibit human DCs via CD44. J Clin Invest 2012; 122:4685-97. [PMID: 23160198 DOI: 10.1172/jci64439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute HIV-1 infection results in dysregulated immunity, which contributes to poor control of viral infection. DCs are key regulators of both adaptive and innate immune responses needed for controlling HIV-1, and we surmised that factors elicited during acute HIV-1 infection might impede DC function. We derived immature DCs from healthy donor peripheral blood monocytes and treated them with plasma from uninfected control donors and donors with acute HIV-1 infections. We found that the plasma from patients with HIV specifically inhibited DC function. This suppression was mediated by elevated apoptotic microparticles derived from dying cells during acute HIV-1 infection. Apoptotic microparticles bound to and inhibited DCs through the hyaluronate receptor CD44. These data suggest that targeting this CD44-mediated inhibition by apoptotic microparticles could be a novel strategy to potentiate DC activation of HIV-specific immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davor Frleta
- New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York 10016, USA
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42
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Lim J, Hotchin NA. Signalling mechanisms of the leukocyte integrin αMβ2: Current and future perspectives. Biol Cell 2012; 104:631-40. [DOI: 10.1111/boc.201200013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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The absence of PspA or presence of antibody to PspA facilitates the complement-dependent phagocytosis of pneumococci in vitro. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2012; 19:1574-82. [PMID: 22855389 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00393-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) is a surface molecule on pneumococci that is required for full virulence in mouse models of infection. PspA has been reported to inhibit complement deposition on the pneumococcal surface. It has been assumed that this decreased complement deposition results in the inefficient phagocytosis of wild-type pneumococci. However, an effect of PspA on phagocytosis had not been shown. Our present studies demonstrated that a loss of PspA by capsular type 3 strains WU2 and A66.1 led to enhanced complement-dependent phagocytosis of the pneumococci by the mouse macrophage cell line J774A.1. This observation was made using human complement as well as mouse complement. Since this enhanced phagocytosis could be blocked by antibody to complement receptor CR3 on J774A.1, it was concluded that PspA's effect on phagocytosis was due to its effect on the amount of deposited complement, which in turn helped opsonize the pneumococci for phagocytosis. Since these studies included new independent mutants lacking PspA, the results provide solid confirmation of the previously reported effects of PspA on pneumococcal virulence and complement deposition. Finally, we showed that antibody to PspA, which is also known to enhance complement deposition, also enhances the phagocytosis of pneumococci in a largely complement-dependent manner.
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Flannagan RS, Jaumouillé V, Grinstein S. The Cell Biology of Phagocytosis. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2012; 7:61-98. [PMID: 21910624 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-011811-132445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 652] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald S. Flannagan
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada;
| | - Valentin Jaumouillé
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada;
| | - Sergio Grinstein
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada;
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CD14 cooperates with complement receptor 3 to mediate MyD88-independent phagocytosis of Borrelia burgdorferi. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:1228-32. [PMID: 22232682 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1112078109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Phagocytosis of Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease, is a poorly understood process, despite its importance during the host immune response to infection. B. burgdorferi has been shown to bind to different receptors on the surface of phagocytic cells, including the β(2) integrin, complement receptor 3 (CR3). However, whether these receptors mediate the phagocytosis of the spirochete remains unknown. We now demonstrate that CR3 mediates the phagocytosis of the spirochete by murine macrophages and human monocytes. Interaction of B. burgdorferi with the integrin is not sufficient, however, to internalize the spirochete; phagocytosis requires the interaction of CR3 with the GPI-anchored protein, CD14, independently of TLR/MyD88-induced or inside-out signals. Interestingly, the absence of CR3 leads to marked increases in the production of TNF in vitro and in vivo, despite reduced spirochetal uptake. Furthermore, the absence of CR3 during infection with B. burgdorferi results in the inefficient control of bacterial burdens in the heart and increased Lyme carditis. Overall, our data identify CR3 as a MyD88-independent phagocytic receptor for B. burgdorferi that also participates in the modulation of the proinflammatory output of macrophages. These data also establish a unique mechanism of CR3-mediated phagocytosis that requires the direct cooperation of GPI-anchored proteins.
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Buschow SI, Lasonder E, Szklarczyk R, Oud MM, de Vries IJM, Figdor CG. Unraveling the human dendritic cell phagosome proteome by organellar enrichment ranking. J Proteomics 2011; 75:1547-62. [PMID: 22146474 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2011.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Revised: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) take up pathogens through phagocytosis and process them into protein and lipid fragments for presentation to T cells. So far, the proteome of the human DC phagosome, a detrimental compartment for antigen processing and presentation as well as for DC activation, remains largely uncharacterized. Here we have analyzed the protein composition of phagosomes from human monocyte-derived DC. For LC-MS/MS analysis we purified phagosomes from DC using latex beads targeted to DC-SIGN, and quantified proteins using a label-free method. We used organellar enrichment ranking (OER) to select proteins with a high potential to be relevant for phagosome function. The method compares phagosome protein abundance with protein abundance in whole DC. Phagosome enrichment indicates specific recruitment to the phagosome rather than co-purification or passive incorporation. Using OER we extracted the most enriched proteins that we further complemented with functionally associated proteins to define a set of 90 phagosomal proteins that included many proteins with established relevance on DC phagosomes as well as high potential novel candidates. We already experimentally confirmed phagosomal recruitment of Galectin-9, which has not been previously associated with phagocytosis, to both bead and pathogen containing phagosomes, suggesting a role for Galectin-9 in DC phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja I Buschow
- Department of Tumor Immunology at the Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Postbox 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Cleavage of the CD11b extracellular domain by the leukocyte serprocidins is critical for neutrophil detachment during chemotaxis. Blood 2011; 117:4885-94. [PMID: 21403131 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-05-287722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The β(2)-integrin CD11b/CD18 mediates the firm adhesion of neutrophils (PMNs) to epithelial monolayers, a key step in PMN transepithelial migration. To complete the transmigration process, adherent PMNs must detach from epithelial monolayer surfaces to move forward. The mechanism that governs the detachment of adherent PMNs, however, is not clear. Here, we present evidence that cleavage of the CD11b extracellular domain containing the ligand-binding I-domain by 3 structural and functional related serine proteases (elastase, proteinase-3 and cathepsin G) serves as a novel mechanism for PMN detachment after the initial cell adhesion. Kinetic studies showed that the cleavage of CD11b is positively correlated with PMN detachment and subsequent transmigration. Moreover, the results demonstrated that elastase, proteinase-3 and cathepsin G all cleaved the purified, functionally active form of CD11b in a pattern similar to the CD11b shedding that occurs during PMN transmigration. Their cleavage sites on purified CD11b were located at (761)Thr-Ala(762) (elastase/proteinase-3) and (760)Phe-Thr(761) (cathepsin G), respectively. CD11b cleavage and PMN detachment and chemotaxis, were impaired in elastase/cathepsin G-deficient Beige mice; this defect could be restored by the addition of extracellular elastase. By illustrating CD11b shedding by elastase, proteinase-3 and cathepsin G as a novel mechanism for PMN detachment, our study provides novel therapeutic targets for controlling inflammation.
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Lim J, Dupuy AG, Critchley DR, Caron E. Rap1 controls activation of the α(M)β(2) integrin in a talin-dependent manner. J Cell Biochem 2011; 111:999-1009. [PMID: 20665668 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The small GTPase Rap1 and the cytoskeletal protein talin regulate binding of C3bi-opsonised red blood cells (RBC) to integrin α(M)β(2) in phagocytic cells, although the mechanism has not been investigated. Using COS-7 cells transfected with α(M)β(2), we show that Rap1 acts on the β(2) and not the α(M) chain, and that residues 732-761 of the β(2) subunit are essential for Rap1-induced RBC binding. Activation of α(M)β(2) by Rap1 was dependent on W747 and F754 in the β(2) tails, which are required for talin head binding, suggesting a link between Rap1 and talin in this process. Using talin1 knock-out cells or siRNA-mediated talin1 knockdown in the THP-1 monocytic cell line, we show that Rap1 acts upstream of talin but surprisingly, RIAM knockdown had little effect on integrin-mediated RBC binding or cell spreading. Interestingly, Rap1 and talin influence each other's localisation at phagocytic cups, and co-immunoprecipitation experiments suggest that they interact together. These results show that Rap1-mediated activation of α(M)β(2) in macrophages shares both common and distinct features from Rap1 activation of α(IIb)β(3) expressed in CHO cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenson Lim
- Centre for Molecular Microbiology and Infection, Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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Enforced hematopoietic cell E- and L-selectin ligand (HCELL) expression primes transendothelial migration of human mesenchymal stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:2258-63. [PMID: 21257905 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1018064108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the multistep model of cell migration, chemokine receptor engagement (step 2) triggers conversion of rolling interactions (step 1) into firm adhesion (step 3), yielding transendothelial migration. We recently reported that glycosyltransferase-programmed stereosubstitution (GPS) of CD44 on human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) creates the E-selectin ligand HCELL (hematopoietic cell E-selectin/L-selectin ligand) and, despite absence of CXCR4, systemically administered HCELL(+)hMSCs display robust osteotropism visualized by intravital microscopy. Here we performed studies to define the molecular effectors of this process. We observed that engagement of hMSC HCELL with E-selectin triggers VLA-4 adhesiveness, resulting in shear-resistant adhesion to ligand VCAM-1. This VLA-4 activation is mediated via a Rac1/Rap1 GTPase signaling pathway, resulting in transendothelial migration on stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells without chemokine input. These findings indicate that hMSCs coordinately integrate CD44 ligation and integrin activation, circumventing chemokine-mediated signaling, yielding a step 2-bypass pathway of the canonical multistep paradigm of cell migration.
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Okada A, Yasui T, Fujii Y, Niimi K, Hamamoto S, Hirose M, Kojima Y, Itoh Y, Tozawa K, Hayashi Y, Kohri K. Renal macrophage migration and crystal phagocytosis via inflammatory-related gene expression during kidney stone formation and elimination in mice: Detection by association analysis of stone-related gene expression and microstructural observation. J Bone Miner Res 2010; 25:2701-11. [PMID: 20577968 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2009] [Revised: 03/24/2010] [Accepted: 06/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mice have a strong ability to eliminate renal calcium oxalate crystals, and our previous examination indicated a susceptibility in which monocyte-macrophage interaction could participate in the phenomenon. To clarify the macrophage-related factors playing roles in the prevention of crystal formation in mouse kidneys, morphologic and expression studies based on microarray pathway analysis were performed. Eight-week-old male C57BL/6N mice were administered 80 mg/kg of glyoxylate by daily intraabdominal injection for 15 days, and the kidneys were extracted every 3 days for DNA microarray analysis. Based on the raw data of microarray analysis, pathway analyses of inflammatory response demonstrated macrophage activation through the increased expression of chemokine (C-X-C) ligand 1, fibronectin 1, and major histocompatability (MHC) class II. Association analysis of related gene expression values by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) indicated the high association of chemokine (C-C) ligand 2, CD44, colony-stimulating factor 1, fibronectin 1, matrix gla protein, secreted phosphoprotein 1, and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) with the amount of both renal crystals and F4/80, a macrophage marker. Immunohistochemically, interstitial macrophages increased during the experimental course, and CD44 and MHC class II were upregulated around crystal-formation sites. Ultrastructural observation of renal macrophages by transmission electron microscopy indicated interstitial macrophage migration with the phagocytosis of crystals. In conclusion, increased expression of inflammation-related genes of renal tubular cells induced by crystal formation and deposition could induce monocyte-macrophage migration and phagocytosis via the interaction of CD44 with osteopontin and fibronectin. Such crystal-removing ability of macrophages through phagocytosis and digestion might become a new target for the prevention of stone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Okada
- Department of Nephro-urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City, Aichi, Japan.
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