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Chu S, Duan G, Yan C. PGCNMDA: Learning node representations along paths with graph convolutional network for predicting miRNA-disease associations. Methods 2024; 229:71-81. [PMID: 38909974 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2024.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Identifying miRNA-disease associations (MDAs) is crucial for improving the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. However, biological experiments can be time-consuming and expensive. To overcome these challenges, computational approaches have been developed, with Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) showing promising results in MDA prediction. The success of GCN-based methods relies on learning a meaningful spatial operator to extract effective node feature representations. To enhance the inference of MDAs, we propose a novel method called PGCNMDA, which employs graph convolutional networks with a learning graph spatial operator from paths. This approach enables the generation of meaningful spatial convolutions from paths in GCN, leading to improved prediction performance. On HMDD v2.0, PGCNMDA obtains a mean AUC of 0.9229 and an AUPRC of 0.9206 under 5-fold cross-validation (5-CV), and a mean AUC of 0.9235 and an AUPRC of 0.9212 under 10-fold cross-validation (10-CV), respectively. Additionally, the AUC of PGCNMDA also reaches 0.9238 under global leave-one-out cross-validation (GLOOCV). On HMDD v3.2, PGCNMDA obtains a mean AUC of 0.9413 and an AUPRC of 0.9417 under 5-CV, and a mean AUC of 0.9419 and an AUPRC of 0.9425 under 10-CV, respectively. Furthermore, the AUC of PGCNMDA also reaches 0.9415 under GLOOCV. The results show that PGCNMDA is superior to other compared methods. In addition, the case studies on pancreatic neoplasms, thyroid neoplasms and leukemia show that 50, 50 and 48 of the top 50 predicted miRNAs linked to these diseases are confirmed, respectively. It further validates the effectiveness and feasibility of PGCNMDA in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Chu
- School of Informatics, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China.
| | - Guihua Duan
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Cheng Yan
- School of Informatics, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China.
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2
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Wu HH, Leng S, Sergi C, Leng R. How MicroRNAs Command the Battle against Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5865. [PMID: 38892054 PMCID: PMC11172831 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNA molecules that regulate more than 30% of genes in humans. Recent studies have revealed that miRNAs play a crucial role in tumorigenesis. Large sets of miRNAs in human tumors are under-expressed compared to normal tissues. Furthermore, experiments have shown that interference with miRNA processing enhances tumorigenesis. Multiple studies have documented the causal role of miRNAs in cancer, and miRNA-based anticancer therapies are currently being developed. This review primarily focuses on two key points: (1) miRNAs and their role in human cancer and (2) the regulation of tumor suppressors by miRNAs. The review discusses (a) the regulation of the tumor suppressor p53 by miRNA, (b) the critical role of the miR-144/451 cluster in regulating the Itch-p63-Ago2 pathway, and (c) the regulation of PTEN by miRNAs. Future research and the perspectives of miRNA in cancer are also discussed. Understanding these pathways will open avenues for therapeutic interventions targeting miRNA regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Helena Wu
- 370 Heritage Medical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada;
| | - Sarah Leng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (5B4. 09), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada (C.S.)
| | - Consolato Sergi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (5B4. 09), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada (C.S.)
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO), University of Ottawa, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Roger Leng
- 370 Heritage Medical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada;
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3
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Dehnoei M, Ahmadi-Sangachin E, Hosseini M. Colorimetric and fluorescent dual-biosensor based on zirconium and preasodium metal-organic framework (zr/pr MOF) for miRNA-191 detection. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27757. [PMID: 38533034 PMCID: PMC10963233 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are associated with certain types of cancer, tumor stages, and responses to treatment, thus efficient methods are required to identify them quickly and accurately. Abnormal expression of microRNA-191 (miR-191) has been linked to particular cancers and several other health conditions, such as diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. In this study, a new dual-biosensor based on the zirconium and preasodium-based metal-organic framework (Zr/Pr MOF) was developed for the rapid, ultrasensitive, and selective detection of miRNA-191. The synthesized Zr/Pr MOF exhibited peroxidase-like activity and fluorescence properties. Our dual method involves monitoring the fluorescence and peroxidase activity of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) in the presence of miRNAs. The Zr/Pr MOF can catalyze hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to oxidize the chromogenic substrate 3, 3', 5, 5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) to produce blue oxidized TMB (oxTMB), which exhibits ultraviolet absorption at 660 nm. However, the addition of a label-free miRNA-191 probe caused a significant change in fluorescence intensity and absorbance, indicating the binding of single-stranded miRNAs to the MOF through van der Waals interactions and π-π stacking. The presence of the target miRNA-191 caused the probe to be released from the surface of the MOF owing to hybridization, which increased the peroxidase-like activity of Zr/Pr-MOF. Both response signals showed acceptable linear relationship and low detection limits. Fluorescence and colorimetry have an LOD of 0.69 and 8.62 pM, respectively. This study demonstrates the reliability and sensitivity of miRNA identification in human serum samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Dehnoei
- Nanobiosensors lab, Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences & Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran 1439817435, Iran
| | - Elnaz Ahmadi-Sangachin
- Nanobiosensors lab, Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences & Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran 1439817435, Iran
| | - Morteza Hosseini
- Nanobiosensors lab, Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences & Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran 1439817435, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials, Medical Biomaterials Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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4
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Lahlil R, Aries A, Scrofani M, Zanetti C, Hennequin D, Drénou B. Stem Cell Responsiveness to Imatinib in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16671. [PMID: 38068992 PMCID: PMC10706348 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a clonal myeloproliferative disease characterized by the presence of the BCR-ABL fusion gene, which results from the Philadelphia chromosome. Since the introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) such as imatinib mesylate (IM), the clinical outcomes for patients with CML have improved significantly. However, IM resistance remains the major clinical challenge for many patients, underlining the need to develop new drugs for the treatment of CML. The basis of CML cell resistance to this drug is unclear, but the appearance of additional genetic alterations in leukemic stem cells (LSCs) is the most common cause of patient relapse. However, several groups have identified a rare subpopulation of CD34+ stem cells in adult patients that is present mainly in the bone marrow and is more immature and pluripotent; these cells are also known as very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs). The uncontrolled proliferation and a compromised differentiation possibly initiate their transformation to leukemic VSELs (LVSELs). Their nature and possible involvement in carcinogenesis suggest that they cannot be completely eradicated with IM treatment. In this study, we demonstrated that cells from CML patients with the VSELs phenotype (LVSELs) similarly harbor the fusion protein BCR-ABL and are less sensitive to apoptosis than leukemic HSCs after IM treatment. Thus, IM induces apoptosis and reduces the proliferation and mRNA expression of Ki67 more efficiently in LHSCs than in leukemic LVSELs. Finally, we found that the expression levels of some miRNAs are affected in LVSELs. In addition to the tumor suppressor miR-451, both miR-126 and miR-21, known to be responsible for LSC leukemia-initiating capacity, quiescence, and growth, appear to be involved in IM insensitivity of LVSELs CML cell population. Targeting IM-resistant CML leukemic stem cells by acting via the miRNA pathways may represent a promising therapeutic option.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate/pharmacology
- Imatinib Mesylate/therapeutic use
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/metabolism
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/metabolism
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Apoptosis
- Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachid Lahlil
- Institut de Recherche en Hématologie et Transplantation (IRHT), Hôpital du Hasenrain, 87 Avenue d’Altkirch, 68100 Mulhouse, France; (A.A.); (B.D.)
| | - Anne Aries
- Institut de Recherche en Hématologie et Transplantation (IRHT), Hôpital du Hasenrain, 87 Avenue d’Altkirch, 68100 Mulhouse, France; (A.A.); (B.D.)
| | - Maurice Scrofani
- Institut de Recherche en Hématologie et Transplantation (IRHT), Hôpital du Hasenrain, 87 Avenue d’Altkirch, 68100 Mulhouse, France; (A.A.); (B.D.)
| | - Céline Zanetti
- Institut de Recherche en Hématologie et Transplantation (IRHT), Hôpital du Hasenrain, 87 Avenue d’Altkirch, 68100 Mulhouse, France; (A.A.); (B.D.)
| | - Desline Hennequin
- Institut de Recherche en Hématologie et Transplantation (IRHT), Hôpital du Hasenrain, 87 Avenue d’Altkirch, 68100 Mulhouse, France; (A.A.); (B.D.)
| | - Bernard Drénou
- Institut de Recherche en Hématologie et Transplantation (IRHT), Hôpital du Hasenrain, 87 Avenue d’Altkirch, 68100 Mulhouse, France; (A.A.); (B.D.)
- Laboratoire d’Hématologie, Groupe Hospitalier de la Région de Mulhouse Sud-Alsace, Hôpital E. Muller, 20 Avenue de Dr. Laennec, 68100 Mulhouse, France
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5
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Gilyazova I, Asadullina D, Kagirova E, Sikka R, Mustafin A, Ivanova E, Bakhtiyarova K, Gilyazova G, Gupta S, Khusnutdinova E, Gupta H, Pavlov V. MiRNA-146a-A Key Player in Immunity and Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12767. [PMID: 37628949 PMCID: PMC10454149 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
miRNA-146a, a single-stranded, non-coding RNA molecule, has emerged as a valuable diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for numerous pathological conditions. Its primary function lies in regulating inflammatory processes, haemopoiesis, allergic responses, and other key aspects of the innate immune system. Several studies have indicated that polymorphisms in miRNA-146a can influence the pathogenesis of various human diseases, including autoimmune disorders and cancer. One of the key mechanisms by which miRNA-146a exerts its effects is by controlling the expression of certain proteins involved in critical pathways. It can modulate the activity of interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase, IRAK1, IRAK2 adaptor proteins, and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) targeting protein receptor 6, which is a regulator of the TNF signalling pathway. In addition, miRNA-146a affects gene expression through multiple signalling pathways, such as TNF, NF-κB and MEK-1/2, and JNK-1/2. Studies have been carried out to determine the effect of miRNA-146a on cancer pathogenesis, revealing its involvement in the synthesis of stem cells, which contributes to tumourigenesis. In this review, we focus on recent discoveries that highlight the significant role played by miRNA-146a in regulating various defence mechanisms and oncogenesis. The aim of this review article is to systematically examine miRNA-146a's impact on the control of signalling pathways involved in oncopathology, immune system development, and the corresponding response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Gilyazova
- Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, 450054 Ufa, Russia (E.K.)
| | - Dilara Asadullina
- Institute of Urology and Clinical Oncology, Department of Medical Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State Medical University, 450008 Ufa, Russia (A.M.); (G.G.)
| | - Evelina Kagirova
- Institute of Urology and Clinical Oncology, Department of Medical Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State Medical University, 450008 Ufa, Russia (A.M.); (G.G.)
| | - Ruhi Sikka
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Applied Sciences and Humanities, GLA University, Mathura 281406, India
| | - Artur Mustafin
- Institute of Urology and Clinical Oncology, Department of Medical Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State Medical University, 450008 Ufa, Russia (A.M.); (G.G.)
| | - Elizaveta Ivanova
- Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, 450054 Ufa, Russia (E.K.)
| | - Ksenia Bakhtiyarova
- Institute of Urology and Clinical Oncology, Department of Medical Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State Medical University, 450008 Ufa, Russia (A.M.); (G.G.)
| | - Gulshat Gilyazova
- Institute of Urology and Clinical Oncology, Department of Medical Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State Medical University, 450008 Ufa, Russia (A.M.); (G.G.)
| | - Saurabh Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Applied Sciences and Humanities, GLA University, Mathura 281406, India
| | - Elza Khusnutdinova
- Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, 450054 Ufa, Russia (E.K.)
- Institute of Urology and Clinical Oncology, Department of Medical Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State Medical University, 450008 Ufa, Russia (A.M.); (G.G.)
| | - Himanshu Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Applied Sciences and Humanities, GLA University, Mathura 281406, India
| | - Valentin Pavlov
- Institute of Urology and Clinical Oncology, Department of Medical Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State Medical University, 450008 Ufa, Russia (A.M.); (G.G.)
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6
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Sweef O, Zaabout E, Bakheet A, Halawa M, Gad I, Akela M, Tousson E, Abdelghany A, Furuta S. Unraveling Therapeutic Opportunities and the Diagnostic Potential of microRNAs for Human Lung Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2061. [PMID: 37631277 PMCID: PMC10459057 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a major public health problem and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite advances in treatment options, the five-year survival rate for lung cancer patients remains low, emphasizing the urgent need for innovative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for lung cancer due to their crucial roles in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. For example, miR-34a and miR-150, once delivered to lung cancer via liposomes or nanoparticles, can inhibit tumor growth by downregulating critical cancer promoting genes. Conversely, miR-21 and miR-155, frequently overexpressed in lung cancer, are associated with increased cell proliferation, invasion, and chemotherapy resistance. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the roles of miRNAs in lung carcinogenesis, especially those induced by exposure to environmental pollutants, namely, arsenic and benzopyrene, which account for up to 1/10 of lung cancer cases. We then discuss the recent advances in miRNA-based cancer therapeutics and diagnostics. Such information will provide new insights into lung cancer pathogenesis and innovative diagnostic and therapeutic modalities based on miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama Sweef
- Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Elsayed Zaabout
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ahmed Bakheet
- Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA
| | - Mohamed Halawa
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Ibrahim Gad
- Department of Statistics and Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Akela
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ehab Tousson
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Ashraf Abdelghany
- Biomedical Research Center of University of Granada, Excellence Research Unit “Modeling Nature” (MNat), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Saori Furuta
- Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA
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7
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Zhu SF, Yuan W, Du YL, Wang BL. Research progress of lncRNA and miRNA in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2023; 22:45-53. [PMID: 35934611 DOI: 10.1016/j.hbpd.2022.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (HIRI) is a common complication of liver surgeries, such as hepatectomy and liver transplantation. In recent years, several non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) including long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified as factors involved in the pathological progression of HIRI. In this review, we summarized the latest research on lncRNAs, miRNAs and the lncRNA-miRNA regulatory networks in HIRI. DATA SOURCES The PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched for articles published up to December 2021 using the following keywords: "hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury", "lncRNA", "long non-coding RNA", "miRNA" and "microRNA". The bibliography of the selected articles was manually screened to identify additional studies. RESULTS The mechanism of HIRI is complex, and involves multiple lncRNAs and miRNAs. The roles of lncRNAs such as AK139328, CCAT1, MALAT1, TUG1 and NEAT1 have been established in HIRI. In addition, numerous miRNAs are associated with apoptosis, autophagy, oxidative stress and cellular inflammation that accompany HIRI pathogenesis. Based on the literature, we conclude that four lncRNA-miRNA regulatory networks mediate the pathological progression of HIRI. Furthermore, the expression levels of some lncRNAs and miRNAs undergo significant changes during the progression of HIRI, and thus are potential prognostic markers and therapeutic targets. CONCLUSIONS Complex lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA networks regulate HIRI progression through mutual activation and antagonism. It is necessary to screen for more HIRI-associated lncRNAs and miRNAs in order to identify novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Fei Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510220, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510220, China
| | - Yong-Liang Du
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510220, China
| | - Bai-Lin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510220, China.
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8
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Saadi MI, Tahmasebijaroubi F, Noshadi E, Rahimikian R, Karimi Z, Owjfard M, Niknam A, Abdolyousefi EN, Salek S, Tabrizi R, Jamali E. Dysregulated Expression of MiR-19b, MiR-25, MiR-17, WT1, and CEBPA in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Association with Graft versus Host Disease after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. South Asian J Cancer 2022; 11:346-352. [PMID: 36756106 PMCID: PMC9902101 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1742593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Elham JamaliObjectives Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a blood malignancy characterized by the proliferation of aberrant cells in the bone marrow and blood that interfere with normal blood cells. We have investigated whether changes in the level of micro-ribonucleic acid (miR)-19b, miR-17, and miR-25, Wilms' tumor (WT1), and CCAAT enhancer-binding protein α (CEBPA) genes expression affect disease prognosis and clinical outcome in AML patients. Materials and Methods The expression level of miR-19-b, miR-17, and miR-25, as well as WT1 and CEBPA genes in a group of patients and controls as well as different risk groups (high, intermediate, and favorite risk), M3 versus non-M3, and graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) versus non-GvHD patients were assessed using a quantitative SYBR Green real-time polymerase chain reaction method. Results When compared with the baseline level at the period of diagnosis before chemotherapy, the expression of miR-19b and miR-17 in AML patients increased significantly after chemotherapy. The level of miR-19b and miR-25 expression in AML patients with M3 and non-M3 French-American-British subgroups differ significantly. MiR-19b and miR-25 expression was elevated in GvHD patients, while miR-19b and miR-25 expression was somewhat decreased in GvHD patients compared with non-GvHD patients, albeit the difference was not statistically significant. Also, patients with different cytogenetic aberrations had similar levels of miR-19-b and miR-25 expression. Conclusion MiR-19b, miR-17, and miR-25 are aberrantly expressed in AML patients' peripheral blood leukocytes, which may play a role in the development of acute GvHD following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Esmat Noshadi
- Hematology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Raha Rahimikian
- Department of Biochemistry, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Zahed Karimi
- Hematology and Oncology Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Owjfard
- Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran,Shiraz University of Applied Science and Technology (UAST), Shiraz, Iran,Address for correspondence Elham Jamali, MSc Hematology Research Center and Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Shiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Ahmad Niknam
- Hematology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Sanaz Salek
- Hematology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Tabrizi
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran,Non Communicable Diseases Research Center (NCDC), Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Elham Jamali
- Hematology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran,Address for correspondence Elham Jamali, MSc Hematology Research Center and Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Shiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
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9
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Park MN, Jeon HW, Rahman MA, Park SS, Jeong SY, Kim KH, Kim SH, Kim W, Kim B. Daemonorops draco Blume Induces Apoptosis Against Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells via Regulation of the miR-216b/c-Jun. Front Oncol 2022; 12:808174. [PMID: 35356209 PMCID: PMC8959842 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.808174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Daemonorops draco Blume (DD), also called dragon’s blood, has been used as a traditional Korean medicine, especially for relieving pain caused by wound infection. Recently, it has been described that DD has antibacterial and analgesic effects. In this study, the underlying anticancer effect of DD associated with apoptosis was investigated in acute myeloid leukemia cell lines U937 and THP-1. DD exhibited cytotoxic effects and induced apoptosis in U937 and THP-1 cells. Moreover, DD treatment significantly reduced mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ). The protein expression of cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, cleaved caspase-3, p-H2A.X, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (CHOP), and activating transcription factor 4 was upregulated by DD treatment. Consistently, DD-treated cells had increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in a concentration-dependent manner via miR-216b activation in association with c-Jun inhibition. N-acetyl-L-cysteine pretreatment reversed the cytotoxic effect of DD treatment as well as prevented ROS accumulation. Collectively, the results of this study suggest that the anticancer effect of DD in AML was mediated by CHOP-dependent apoptosis along with ROS accumulation and included upregulation of miR-216b followed by a decrease in c-Jun.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon Nyeo Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.,Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hee Won Jeon
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Md Ataur Rahman
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.,Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Se Sun Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Se Yun Jeong
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woojin Kim
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bonglee Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.,Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
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10
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Small Non-Coding RNAs in Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030509. [PMID: 35158777 PMCID: PMC8833386 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2020, more than 60,500 people were diagnosed with leukemia in the USA, and more than 23,000 died. The incidence of leukemia is still rising, and drug resistance development is a serious concern for patients' wellbeing and survival. In the past two decades, small non-coding RNAs have been studied to evaluate their functions and possible role in cancer pathogenesis. Small non-coding RNAs are short RNA molecules involved in several cellular processes by regulating the expression of genes. An increasing body of evidence collected by many independent studies shows that the expression of these molecules is tissue specific, and that their dysregulation alters the expression of genes involved in tumor development, progression and drug response. Indeed, small non-coding RNAs play a pivotal role in the onset, staging, relapse and drug response of hematological malignancies and cancers in general. These findings strongly suggest that small non-coding RNAs could function as biomarkers and possible targets for therapy. Thus, in this review, we summarize the regulatory mechanisms of small non-coding RNA expression in different types of leukemia and assess their potential clinical implications.
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Sajjadi-Dokht M, Merza Mohamad TA, Rahman HS, Maashi MS, Danshina S, Shomali N, Solali S, Marofi F, Zeinalzadeh E, Akbari M, Adili A, Aslaminabad R, Hagh MF, Jarahian M. MicroRNAs and JAK/STAT3 signaling: A new promising therapeutic axis in blood cancers. Genes Dis 2021; 9:849-867. [PMID: 35685482 PMCID: PMC9170603 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2021.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood disorders include a wide spectrum of blood-associated malignancies resulting from inherited or acquired defects. The ineffectiveness of existing therapies against blood disorders arises from different reasons, one of which is drug resistance, so different types of leukemia may show different responses to treatment. Leukemia occurs for a variety of genetic and acquired reasons, leading to uncontrolled proliferation in one or more cell lines. Regarding the genetic defects, oncogene signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) family transcription factor, especially STAT3, play an essential role in hematological disorders onset and progress upon mutations, dysfunction, or hyperactivity. Besides, microRNAs, as biological molecules, has been shown to play a dual role in either tumorigenesis and tumor suppression in various cancers. Besides, a strong association between STAT3 and miRNA has been reported. For example, miRNAs can regulate STAT3 via targeting its upstream mediators such as IL6, IL9, and JAKs or directly binding to the STAT3 gene. On the other hand, STAT3 can regulate miRNAs. In this review study, we aimed to determine the role of either microRNAs and STAT3 along with their effect on one another's activity and function in hematological malignancies.
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Zhang L, Nguyen LXT, Chen YC, Wu D, Cook GJ, Hoang DH, Brewer CJ, He X, Dong H, Li S, Li M, Zhao D, Qi J, Hua WK, Cai Q, Carnahan E, Chen W, Wu X, Swiderski P, Rockne RC, Kortylewski M, Li L, Zhang B, Marcucci G, Kuo YH. Targeting miR-126 in inv(16) acute myeloid leukemia inhibits leukemia development and leukemia stem cell maintenance. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6154. [PMID: 34686664 PMCID: PMC8536759 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26420-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) harboring inv(16)(p13q22) expresses high levels of miR-126. Here we show that the CBFB-MYH11 (CM) fusion gene upregulates miR-126 expression through aberrant miR-126 transcription and perturbed miR-126 biogenesis via the HDAC8/RAN-XPO5-RCC1 axis. Aberrant miR-126 upregulation promotes survival of leukemia-initiating progenitors and is critical for initiating and maintaining CM-driven AML. We show that miR-126 enhances MYC activity through the SPRED1/PLK2-ERK-MYC axis. Notably, genetic deletion of miR-126 significantly reduces AML rate and extends survival in CM knock-in mice. Therapeutic depletion of miR-126 with an anti-miR-126 (miRisten) inhibits AML cell survival, reduces leukemia burden and leukemia stem cell (LSC) activity in inv(16) AML murine and xenograft models. The combination of miRisten with chemotherapy further enhances the anti-leukemia and anti-LSC activity. Overall, this study provides molecular insights for the mechanism and impact of miR-126 dysregulation in leukemogenesis and highlights the potential of miR-126 depletion as a therapeutic approach for inv(16) AML. miR-126 is highly expressed in inv(16) Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) but its role is unclear. Here, the authors show that the aberrant expression of miR-126 in inv(16) AML is directly due to the CBFB-MYH11 fusion gene and that it can promote AML development and leukemia stem cell maintenance, highlighting miR-126 as a therapeutic target for inv(16) AML patients
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianjun Zhang
- Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, Department of Hematological Malignancies Translational Science, Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Le Xuan Truong Nguyen
- Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, Department of Hematological Malignancies Translational Science, Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Ying-Chieh Chen
- Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, Department of Hematological Malignancies Translational Science, Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Dijiong Wu
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
| | - Guerry J Cook
- Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, Department of Hematological Malignancies Translational Science, Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Dinh Hoa Hoang
- Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, Department of Hematological Malignancies Translational Science, Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Casey J Brewer
- Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, Department of Hematological Malignancies Translational Science, Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Xin He
- Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, Department of Hematological Malignancies Translational Science, Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Haojie Dong
- Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, Department of Hematological Malignancies Translational Science, Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Shu Li
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Man Li
- Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, Department of Hematological Malignancies Translational Science, Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Dandan Zhao
- Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, Department of Hematological Malignancies Translational Science, Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Jing Qi
- Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, Department of Hematological Malignancies Translational Science, Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Wei-Kai Hua
- Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, Department of Hematological Malignancies Translational Science, Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Qi Cai
- Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, Department of Hematological Malignancies Translational Science, Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Emily Carnahan
- Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, Department of Hematological Malignancies Translational Science, Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Integrated Genomics Core, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Xiwei Wu
- Integrated Genomics Core, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Piotr Swiderski
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Russell C Rockne
- Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Division of Mathematical Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Marcin Kortylewski
- Department of Immuno-oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Ling Li
- Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, Department of Hematological Malignancies Translational Science, Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, Department of Hematological Malignancies Translational Science, Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Guido Marcucci
- Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, Department of Hematological Malignancies Translational Science, Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Ya-Huei Kuo
- Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, Department of Hematological Malignancies Translational Science, Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
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Yazarlou F, Kadkhoda S, Ghafouri-Fard S. Emerging role of let-7 family in the pathogenesis of hematological malignancies. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112334. [PMID: 34656064 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Let-7 includes a family of miRNA which are implicated in the developmental processes as well as carcinogenesis. This miRNA family has been shown to influence pathogenesis of a variety of hematological malignancies through changing expression of a number of oncogenic pathways, particularly those related with MYC. Expression of these miRNAs has been found to be different between distinct hematological malignancies or even between cytogenetically-defined subgroups of a certain malignancy. In the current review, we summarize the data regarding biogenesis, genomic locations, targets and regulatory network of this miRNA family in the context of hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Yazarlou
- Department of Medical Genetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Kadkhoda
- Department of Medical Genetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Cheng H, Ding J, Tang G, Huang A, Gao L, Yang J, Chen L. Human mesenchymal stem cells derived exosomes inhibit the growth of acute myeloid leukemia cells via regulating miR-23b-5p/TRIM14 pathway. Mol Med 2021; 27:128. [PMID: 34656078 PMCID: PMC8520262 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-021-00393-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignancy commonly seen in adults. Previous studies indicated that TRIM14 played a tumorigenic role in various types of cancer and miR-23b-5p was down-regulated in human mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (HMSC-exos) of AML patients. However, their roles in AML remains unclear. Our study aims to investigate the role of TRIM14 and miR-23b-5p in the pathogenesis of AML. Materials and methods The blood specimen was collected from de novo AML patients and healthy donators. Exosomes were extracted from the culture medium of human mesenchymal stem cells under ultracentrifugation. Then exosomes were co-cultured with AML cells to determine the effect of their contents. The cell proliferation was detected by cell counting kit-8 assay, whereas the cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. The expression of miR-23b-5p and TRIM14 was silenced or overexpressed to explore their biological functions in AML. Luciferase reporter assay was conducted to validate the interaction between miR-23b-5p and TRIM14. Gene expression was determined by quantitative real-time PCR and immunoblots. Results TRIM14 was significantly increased in AML patients and cell lines. The inhibition of TRIM14 significantly reduced the proliferation and induced the apoptosis of AML cells via activating PI3K/AKT pathway, whereas its overexpression exhibited reversed effects. HMSC-exos could suppress the proliferation of AML cells through the delivery of miR-23b-5p. Moreover, miR-23b-5p inhibited the transcription of TRIM14 by binding on its 3’UTR region. Overexpression of TRIM14 exhibited reversed effect against the function of miR-23b-5p mimic. Conclusion TRIM14 could promote the proliferation of AML cells via activating PI3K/AKT pathway, which was reversed by HMSC-exos through delivering miR-23b-5p. These findings indicated that miR-23b-5p and TRIM14 could be applied as potential targets for the treatment of AML. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s10020-021-00393-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Cheng
- Department of Hematology, Changhai, Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jie Ding
- Department of Hematology, Changhai, Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Gusheng Tang
- Department of Hematology, Changhai, Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Aijie Huang
- Department of Hematology, Changhai, Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Hematology, Changhai, Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jianmin Yang
- Department of Hematology, Changhai, Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Hematology, Changhai, Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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15
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Singh VK, Thakral D, Gupta R. Regulatory noncoding RNAs: potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in acute myeloid leukemia. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BLOOD RESEARCH 2021; 11:504-519. [PMID: 34824883 PMCID: PMC8610797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The noncoding RNAs (ncRNA) comprise a substantial segment of the human transcriptome and have emerged as key elements of cellular homeostasis and disease pathogenesis. Dysregulation of these ncRNAs by alterations in the primary RNA motifs and/or aberrant expression levels is relevant in various diseases, especially cancer. The recent research advances indicate that ncRNAs regulate vital oncogenic processes, including hematopoietic cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and angiogenesis. The ever-expanding role of ncRNAs in cancer progression and metastasis has sparked interest as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in acute myeloid leukemia. Moreover, advances in antisense oligonucleotide technologies and pharmacologic discoveries of small molecule inhibitors in targeting RNA structures and RNA-protein complexes have opened newer avenues that may help develop the next generation anti-cancer therapeutics. In this review, we have discussed the role of ncRNA in acute myeloid leukemia and their utility as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kumar Singh
- Laboratory Oncology, Dr B.R.A, IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Deepshi Thakral
- Laboratory Oncology, Dr B.R.A, IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Ritu Gupta
- Laboratory Oncology, Dr B.R.A, IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi 110029, India
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Zhao JZ, Lu YC, Wang YM, Xiao BL, Li HY, Lee SC, Wang LJ. Association between diabetes and acute lymphocytic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, non-Hopkin lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-021-01021-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
Diabetes increases the risk for cancers. However, whether it is associated with hematologic malignancies is not clear. The present study investigated the association between diabetes and acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), acute myeloid leukemia (ML), non-Hopkin lymphoma (NHL), and multiple myeloma (MM).
Methods
Newly diagnosed adult cancer patients were recruited consecutively from our clinical database. Peoples from a local enterprise were recruited to create a small-scale population-based dataset. We compared the diabetes prevalence between the cancer patients and the local people; an increase in diabetes prevalence in the cancer patients suggests an association between diabetes and the cancer(s).
Results
We found that the prevalence of diabetes was 19.7%, 21.3%, 12.5%, and 12.0% in ALL, AML, NHL, and MM, respectively, which was higher than that (9.1%) in the local people. Despite that there were more male than female cancer patients, there were more female than male diabetic patients. The increase in diabetes prevalence occurred in ALL and NHL patients aged 18 to 39 years old as well as in AML patients over 40. In MM patients, the increase in diabetes prevalence (18.6%) occurred only in females. Approximately 70% of the diabetic patients were undiagnosed before the diagnosis of the blood cancer. Approximately half of the pre-existing diabetic patients had anti-diabetic treatment, with over 70% of them still had poor glycemic control.
Conclusions
Our results suggest that diabetes is associated with ALL, AML, NHL, and MM, at least in adult patients.
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Bhatnagar B, Garzon R. Clinical Applications of MicroRNAs in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Mini-Review. Front Oncol 2021; 11:679022. [PMID: 34458136 PMCID: PMC8385666 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.679022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) are short non-coding RNAs, typically 18-25 nucleotides in length, that are critically important, through their direct effects on target mRNAs, in a variety of cellular processes including cell differentiation, proliferation and survival. Dysregulated miR expression has been identified in numerous cancer types including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). From a clinical standpoint, several miRs have been shown to associate with prognosis in AML patients. Furthermore, they also carry the potential to be used as biomarkers and to inform medical decision making. In addition, several preclinical studies have provided strong rationale to develop novel therapeutic strategies to target miRs in AML. This review will focus on potential clinical applications of miRs in adult AML and will discuss unique miR signatures in specific AML subtypes, their role in prognostication and response to therapy, as well as miRs that are promising therapeutic targets and ongoing clinical trials directed towards targeting clinically relevant miRs in AML that could allow for improvements in current treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavana Bhatnagar
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, West Virginia University Cancer Institute, Schiffler Cancer Center, Wheeling, WV, United States
| | - Ramiro Garzon
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, United States.,The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, United States
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Sheng XF, Hong LL, Li H, Huang FY, Wen Q, Zhuang HF. Long non-coding RNA MALAT1 modulate cell migration, proliferation and apoptosis by sponging microRNA-146a to regulate CXCR4 expression in acute myeloid leukemia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 26:43-52. [PMID: 33382018 DOI: 10.1080/16078454.2020.1867781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the role of Metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and analyze the potential regulatory network of MALAT1/miR-146a/ CXCR4. METHODS The expressions of MALAT1, miR-146a and CXCR4 were performed by qRT-PCR and Western Blot. We conducted trans-well assay, CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry to evaluate the migration, proliferation and apoptosis of AML cells. Also by using luciferase reporter assay, we investigated the interaction between miR-146a and MALAT1 or CXCR4. RESULTS Firstly, MALAT1 and CXCR4 were upregulated while miR-146a was downregulated in AML patients compared with healthy controls. We observed a negative correlation between miR-146a and MALAT1 or CXCR4, but a positive correlation between MALAT1 and CXCR4 in AML patients. MALAT1 knockdown inhibited migration and proliferation but induced apoptosis of HL-60 cells. MALAT1 restrained miR-146a expression by acting as a ceRNA. miR-146a regulated HL-60 cells migration, proliferation and apoptosis by directly targeting CXCR4 expression. Finally, we found that CXCR4 expression was downregulated by MALAT1 knockdown and partially restored by miR-146a abrogation. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that MALAT1 regulates migration, proliferation and apoptosis by sponging miR-146a to regulate CXCR4 expression in AML cells, providing novel insights into the role of MALAT1 as a therapeutic target in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Fu Sheng
- The department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Li Hong
- The department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Li
- The department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei-Yan Huang
- The department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Wen
- The department of Cancer, Cancer Hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Feng Zhuang
- The department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Cacic D, Reikvam H, Nordgård O, Meyer P, Hervig T. Platelet Microparticles Protect Acute Myelogenous Leukemia Cells against Daunorubicin-Induced Apoptosis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13081870. [PMID: 33919720 PMCID: PMC8070730 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of platelets in cancer development and progression is increasingly evident, and several platelet-cancer interactions have been discovered, including the uptake of platelet microparticles (PMPs) by cancer cells. PMPs inherit a myriad of proteins and small RNAs from the parental platelets, which in turn can be transferred to cancer cells following internalization. However, the exact effect this may have in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is unknown. In this study, we sought to investigate whether PMPs could transfer their contents to the THP-1 cell line and if this could change the biological behavior of the recipient cells. Using acridine orange stained PMPs, we demonstrated that PMPs were internalized by THP-1 cells, which resulted in increased levels of miR-125a, miR-125b, and miR-199. In addition, co-incubation with PMPs protected THP-1 and primary AML cells against daunorubicin-induced cell death. We also showed that PMPs impaired cell growth, partially inhibited cell cycle progression, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, and induced differentiation toward macrophages in THP-1 cells. Our results suggest that this altering of cell phenotype, in combination with decrease in cell activity may offer resistance to daunorubicin-induced apoptosis, as serum starvation also yielded a lower frequency of dead and apoptotic cells when treated with daunorubicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Cacic
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Stavanger University Hospital, 4068 Stavanger, Norway; (O.N.); (P.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Håkon Reikvam
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (H.R.); (T.H.)
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Oddmund Nordgård
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Stavanger University Hospital, 4068 Stavanger, Norway; (O.N.); (P.M.)
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, University of Stavanger, 4036 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Peter Meyer
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Stavanger University Hospital, 4068 Stavanger, Norway; (O.N.); (P.M.)
| | - Tor Hervig
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (H.R.); (T.H.)
- Laboratory of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Haugesund Hospital, 5528 Haugesund, Norway
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The miR-185/PAK6 axis predicts therapy response and regulates survival of drug-resistant leukemic stem cells in CML. Blood 2021; 136:596-609. [PMID: 32270193 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019003636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Overcoming drug resistance and targeting cancer stem cells remain challenges for curative cancer treatment. To investigate the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in regulating drug resistance and leukemic stem cell (LSC) fate, we performed global transcriptome profiling in treatment-naive chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) stem/progenitor cells and identified that miR-185 levels anticipate their response to ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). miR-185 functions as a tumor suppressor: its restored expression impaired survival of drug-resistant cells, sensitized them to TKIs in vitro, and markedly eliminated long-term repopulating LSCs and infiltrating blast cells, conferring a survival advantage in preclinical xenotransplantation models. Integrative analysis with mRNA profiles uncovered PAK6 as a crucial target of miR-185, and pharmacological inhibition of PAK6 perturbed the RAS/MAPK pathway and mitochondrial activity, sensitizing therapy-resistant cells to TKIs. Thus, miR-185 presents as a potential predictive biomarker, and dual targeting of miR-185-mediated PAK6 activity and BCR-ABL1 may provide a valuable strategy for overcoming drug resistance in patients.
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Lux S, Blätte TJ, Gillissen B, Richter A, Cocciardi S, Skambraks S, Schwarz K, Schrezenmeier H, Döhner H, Döhner K, Dolnik A, Bullinger L. Deregulated expression of circular RNAs in acute myeloid leukemia. Blood Adv 2021; 5:1490-1503. [PMID: 33683343 PMCID: PMC7948263 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020003230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are dynamically regulated during differentiation and show cell type-specific expression, which is altered in cancer and can have a direct impact on its various hallmarks. We hypothesized that circRNA expression is deregulated in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and that circRNA candidates might contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease. To identify leukemia-associated and differentiation-independent changes in circRNA expression, we determined the circular RNAome of 61 AML patients and 16 healthy hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) samples using ribosomal RNA-depleted RNA sequencing. We found hundreds of circRNAs that were differentially expressed between AML and healthy HSPCs. Gene set analysis found that many of these circRNAs were transcribed from genes implicated in leukemia biology. We discovered a circRNA derived from the T-cell transcription factor gene B cell CLL/lymphoma 11B, circBCL11B, which was exclusively expressed in AML patients, but not detected in healthy HSPCs, and associated with a T-cell-like gene expression signature. We were able to validate this finding in an independent cohort of 332 AML patients. Knockdown of circBCL11B had a negative effect on leukemic cell proliferation and resulted in increased cell death of leukemic cells, thereby suggesting circBCL11B as a novel functionally relevant candidate in AML pathogenesis. In summary, our study enables comprehensive insights into circRNA expression changes upon leukemic transformation and provides valuable information on the biology of leukemic cells and potential novel pathway dependencies that are relevant for AML therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Lux
- Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tamara J Blätte
- Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumorimmunology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernhard Gillissen
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumorimmunology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Antje Richter
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumorimmunology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Klaus Schwarz
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany; and
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Donor Service Baden-Wuerttemberg-Hessen, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hubert Schrezenmeier
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany; and
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Donor Service Baden-Wuerttemberg-Hessen, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hartmut Döhner
- Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Anna Dolnik
- Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumorimmunology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Bullinger
- Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumorimmunology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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22
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Kim S, Bae WJ, Ahn JM, Heo JH, Kim KM, Choi KW, Sung CO, Lee D. MicroRNA signatures associated with lymph node metastasis in intramucosal gastric cancer. Mod Pathol 2021; 34:672-683. [PMID: 32973329 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-020-00681-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although a certain proportion of intramucosal carcinomas (IMCs) of the stomach does metastasize, the majority of patients are currently treated with endoscopic resection without lymph node dissection, and this potentially veils any existing metastasis and may put some patients in danger. In this regard, biological markers from the resected IMC that can predict metastasis are warranted. Here, we discovered unique miRNA expression profiles that consist of 21 distinct miRNAs that are specifically upregulated (miR-628-5p, miR-1587, miR-3175, miR-3620-5p, miR-4459, miR-4505, miR-4507, miR-4720-5p, miR-4742-5p, and miR-6779-5p) or downregulated (miR-106b-3p, miR-125a-5p, miR-151b, miR-181d-5p, miR-486-5p, miR-500a-3p, miR-502-3p, miR-1231, miR-3609, and miR-6831-5p) in metastatic (M)-IMC compared to nonmetastatic (N)-IMC, or nonneoplastic gastric mucosa. Intriguingly, most of these selected miRNAs showed stepwise increased or decreased expression from nonneoplastic tissue to N-IMC to M-IMC. This suggests that common oncogenic mechanisms are gradually intensified during the metastatic process. Using a machine-learning algorithm, we demonstrated that such miRNA signatures could distinguish M-IMC from N-IMC. Gene ontology and pathway analysis revealed that TGF-β signaling was enriched from upregulated miRNAs, whereas E2F targets, apoptosis-related, hypoxia-related, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways, were enriched from downregulated miRNAs. Immunohistochemical staining of samples from multiple institutions indicated that PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway components, MAPK1, phospho-p44/42 MAPK, and pS6 were highly expressed and the expression of SMAD7, a TGF-β pathway component, was decreased in M-IMC, which could aid in distinguishing M-IMC from N-IMC. The miRNA signature discovered in this study is a valuable biological marker for identifying metastatic potential of IMCs, and provides novel insights regarding the metastatic progression of IMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seokhwi Kim
- Department of Pathology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Won Jung Bae
- Department of Pathology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Ji Mi Ahn
- Department of Pathology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jin-Hyung Heo
- Department of Pathology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Mee Kim
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyeong Woon Choi
- Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Ohk Sung
- Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. .,Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Dakeun Lee
- Department of Pathology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.
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23
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Taniue K, Akimitsu N. Fusion Genes and RNAs in Cancer Development. Noncoding RNA 2021; 7:10. [PMID: 33557176 PMCID: PMC7931065 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna7010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusion RNAs are a hallmark of some cancers. They result either from chromosomal rearrangements or from splicing mechanisms that are non-chromosomal rearrangements. Chromosomal rearrangements that result in gene fusions are particularly prevalent in sarcomas and hematopoietic malignancies; they are also common in solid tumors. The splicing process can also give rise to more complex RNA patterns in cells. Gene fusions frequently affect tyrosine kinases, chromatin regulators, or transcription factors, and can cause constitutive activation, enhancement of downstream signaling, and tumor development, as major drivers of oncogenesis. In addition, some fusion RNAs have been shown to function as noncoding RNAs and to affect cancer progression. Fusion genes and RNAs will therefore become increasingly important as diagnostic and therapeutic targets for cancer development. Here, we discuss the function, biogenesis, detection, clinical relevance, and therapeutic implications of oncogenic fusion genes and RNAs in cancer development. Further understanding the molecular mechanisms that regulate how fusion RNAs form in cancers is critical to the development of therapeutic strategies against tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenzui Taniue
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
- Cancer Genomics and Precision Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1 Midorigaoka Higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Akimitsu
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
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24
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Neaga A, Bagacean C, Tempescul A, Jimbu L, Mesaros O, Blag C, Tomuleasa C, Bocsan C, Gaman M, Zdrenghea M. MicroRNAs Associated With a Good Prognosis of Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Their Effect on Macrophage Polarization. Front Immunol 2021; 11:582915. [PMID: 33519805 PMCID: PMC7845488 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.582915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive myeloid malignancy with poor outcomes despite very intensive therapeutic approaches. For the majority of patients which are unfit and treated less intensively, the prognosis is even worse. There has been unspectacular progress in outcome improvement over the last decades and the development of new approaches is of tremendous interest. The tumor microenvironment is credited with an important role in supporting cancer growth, including leukemogenesis. Macrophages are part of the tumor microenvironment and their contribution in this setting is increasingly being deciphered, these cells being credited with a tumor supporting role. Data on macrophage role and polarization in leukemia is scarce. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have a role in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression, by impending translation and promoting degradation of messenger RNAs. They are important modulators of cellular pathways, playing major roles in normal hematopoietic differentiation. miRNA expression is significantly correlated with the prognosis of hematopoietic malignancies, including AML. Oncogenic miRNAs correlate with poor prognosis, while tumor suppressor miRNAs, which inhibit the expression of proto-oncogenes, are correlated with a favorable prognosis. miRNAs are proposed as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis and are regarded as therapeutic approaches in many cancers, including AML. miRNAs with epigenetic or modulatory activity, as well as with synergistic activity with chemotherapeutic agents, proved to be promising therapeutic targets in experimental, pre-clinical approaches. The clinical availability of emerging compounds with mimicking or suppressor activity provides the opportunity for future therapeutic targeting of miRNAs. The present paper is focusing on miRNAs which, according to current knowledge, favorably impact on AML outcomes, being regarded as tumor suppressors, and reviews their role in macrophage polarization. We are focusing on miRNA expression in the setting of AML, but data on correlations between miRNA expression and macrophage polarization is mostly coming from studies involving normal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Neaga
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristina Bagacean
- Department of Hematology, Brest University Medical School Hospital, Brest, France.,U1227 B Lymphocytes and Autoimmunity, University of Brest, INSERM, IBSAM, Brest, France
| | - Adrian Tempescul
- Department of Hematology, Brest University Medical School Hospital, Brest, France.,U1227 B Lymphocytes and Autoimmunity, University of Brest, INSERM, IBSAM, Brest, France
| | - Laura Jimbu
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Oana Mesaros
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristina Blag
- Department of Pediatrics, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ciprian Tomuleasa
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Oncology Institute, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Corina Bocsan
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihaela Gaman
- Department of Hematology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihnea Zdrenghea
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Oncology Institute, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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25
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Morales-Martinez M, Vega MI. Participation of different miRNAs in the regulation of YY1: Their role in pathogenesis, chemoresistance, and therapeutic implication in hematologic malignancies. YY1 IN THE CONTROL OF THE PATHOGENESIS AND DRUG RESISTANCE OF CANCER 2021:171-198. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-821909-6.00010-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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26
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Danese E, Montagnana M, Gelati M, Lippi G. The Role of Epigenetics in the Regulation of Hemostatic Balance. Semin Thromb Hemost 2020; 47:53-62. [PMID: 33368118 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1718400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetics, a term conventionally used to explain the intricate interplay between genes and the environment, is now regarded as the fundament of developmental biology. Several lines of evidence garnered over the past decades suggest that epigenetic alterations, mostly encompassing DNA methylation, histone tail modifications, and generation of microRNAs, play an important, though still incompletely explored, role in both primary and secondary hemostasis. Epigenetic variations may interplay with platelet functions and their responsiveness to antiplatelet drugs, and they may also exert a substantial contribution in modulating the production and release into the bloodstream of proteins involved in blood coagulation and fibrinolysis. This emerging evidence may have substantial biological and clinical implications. An enhanced understanding of posttranscriptional mechanisms would help to clarify some remaining enigmatic issues in primary and secondary hemostasis, which cannot be thoughtfully explained by genetics or biochemistry alone. Increased understanding would also pave the way to developing innovative tests for better assessment of individual risk of bleeding or thrombosis. The accurate recognition of key epigenetic mechanisms in hemostasis would then contribute to identify new putative therapeutic targets, and develop innovative agents that could be helpful for preventing or managing a vast array of hemostasis disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Danese
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Martina Montagnana
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Matteo Gelati
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lippi
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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27
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Zhang H, Kang J, Liu L, Chen L, Ren S, Tao Y. MicroRNA-143 sensitizes acute myeloid leukemia cells to cytarabine via targeting ATG7- and ATG2B-dependent autophagy. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:20111-20126. [PMID: 33077697 PMCID: PMC7655171 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Targeting autophagy holds promise to enhance chemosensitivity in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). MicroRNA-143 (miR-143) has been found to suppress autophagy, however, it is not clear whether miR-143 augments cytarabine cytotoxicity in AML. Here, we report that cytarabine treatment reduces miR-143 expression in AML cell lines and primary AML cells. Moreover, ectopic expression of miR-143 further decreases cell viability in cytarabine-treated AML cells. By contrast, miR-143 knockdown inhibits cytarabine-induced cytotoxicity, together indicating a role of miR-143 in enhancing cytarabine sensitivity in AML. Subsequently, we show that miR-143 inhibits autophagy in cytarabine-treated AML cells by directly targeting autophagy-related proteins (ATG), ATG7 and ATG2B, two critical known components of autophagic machinery. More importantly, autophagy reconstructed via co-expression of ATG7 and ATG2B substantially attenuates miR-143-enhanced cytotoxicity, which is associated with suppression of caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway. Overall, this study demonstrates that targeting ATG7 and ATG2B-dependent autophagy is a critical mechanism by which miR-143 sensitizes AML to cytarabine, implicating it as a potential therapeutic target in AML treatment.
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MESH Headings
- Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Autophagy/drug effects
- Autophagy-Related Protein 7/genetics
- Autophagy-Related Protein 7/metabolism
- Autophagy-Related Proteins/genetics
- Autophagy-Related Proteins/metabolism
- Caspase 3/metabolism
- Caspase 9/metabolism
- Cytarabine/pharmacology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- HL-60 Cells
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- U937 Cells
- Vesicular Transport Proteins/genetics
- Vesicular Transport Proteins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining 272029, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jianmin Kang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining 272029, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lulu Chen
- Graduate School, Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Saisai Ren
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining 272029, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yanling Tao
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining 272029, Shandong Province, China
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28
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Bauer M, Vaxevanis C, Heimer N, Al-Ali HK, Jaekel N, Bachmann M, Wickenhauser C, Seliger B. Expression, Regulation and Function of microRNA as Important Players in the Transition of MDS to Secondary AML and Their Cross Talk to RNA-Binding Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197140. [PMID: 32992663 PMCID: PMC7582632 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), heterogeneous diseases of hematopoietic stem cells, exhibit a significant risk of progression to secondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML) that are typically accompanied by MDS-related changes and therefore significantly differ to de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Within these disorders, the spectrum of cytogenetic alterations and oncogenic mutations, the extent of a predisposing defective osteohematopoietic niche, and the irregularity of the tumor microenvironment is highly diverse. However, the exact underlying pathophysiological mechanisms resulting in hematopoietic failure in patients with MDS and sAML remain elusive. There is recent evidence that the post-transcriptional control of gene expression mediated by microRNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs, and/or RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are key components in the pathogenic events of both diseases. In addition, an interplay between RBPs and miRNAs has been postulated in MDS and sAML. Although a plethora of miRNAs is aberrantly expressed in MDS and sAML, their expression pattern significantly depends on the cell type and on the molecular make-up of the sample, including chromosomal alterations and single nucleotide polymorphisms, which also reflects their role in disease progression and prediction. Decreased expression levels of miRNAs or RBPs preventing the maturation or inhibiting translation of genes involved in pathogenesis of both diseases were found. Therefore, this review will summarize the current knowledge regarding the heterogeneity of expression, function, and clinical relevance of miRNAs, its link to molecular abnormalities in MDS and sAML with specific focus on the interplay with RBPs, and the current treatment options. This information might improve the use of miRNAs and/or RBPs as prognostic markers and therapeutic targets for both malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Bauer
- Institute of Pathology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06112 Halle, Germany; (M.B.); (C.W.)
| | - Christoforos Vaxevanis
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle 06112, Germany; (C.V.); (N.H.)
| | - Nadine Heimer
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle 06112, Germany; (C.V.); (N.H.)
| | - Haifa Kathrin Al-Ali
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital Halle, 06112 Halle, Germany; (H.K.A.-A.); (N.J.)
| | - Nadja Jaekel
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital Halle, 06112 Halle, Germany; (H.K.A.-A.); (N.J.)
| | - Michael Bachmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, 01328 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Claudia Wickenhauser
- Institute of Pathology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06112 Halle, Germany; (M.B.); (C.W.)
| | - Barbara Seliger
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle 06112, Germany; (C.V.); (N.H.)
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-345-557-4054
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29
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Borran S, Ahmadi G, Rezaei S, Anari MM, Modabberi M, Azarash Z, Razaviyan J, Derakhshan M, Akhbari M, Mirzaei H. Circular RNAs: New players in thyroid cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2020; 216:153217. [PMID: 32987339 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.153217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of thyroid cancer the most frequent endocrine malignancy, is rapidly increasing. Most of thyroid cancers are relatively indolent, however, some cases still possess a risk of developing into lethal types of thyroid cancer. Regarding its multistep tumorigenesis, the determination of the underlying mechanisms is a vital issue for thyroid cancer therapy. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a type of non-coding RNAs with a closed loop structure. Numerous circRNAs have been identified in cancerous tissues. Mounting data recommends that the biological activities of circRNAs, such as serving as microRNA or ceRNAs sponges, interacting with proteins, modulating gene translation and transcription, suggesting that circRNAs will be potential targets as well as agents for the prognosis and diagnosis of diseases, including cancer. Given that circular RNAs acts as oncogenes or tumor suppressors in the thyroid cancer. Several studies documented that circular RNAs via microRNA and protein sponges could regulate a sequences of cellular and molecular mechanisms e.g., apoptosis, angiogenesis, tumor growth, and invasion that are involved in thyroid cancer pathogenesis. Herein, we summarized the role of circular RNAs as therapeutic and diagnostic biomarkers in the thyroid cancer. Moreover, we highlighted the role of these molecules in the pathogenesis of various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarina Borran
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gelavizh Ahmadi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Samaneh Rezaei
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical, Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Mohsen Modabberi
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department and Research Center, Shohada-e-Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ziba Azarash
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Razaviyan
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Derakhshan
- Department of Pathology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Masoume Akhbari
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R. Iran.
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30
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Han C, Sun LY, Wang WT, Sun YM, Chen YQ. Non-coding RNAs in cancers with chromosomal rearrangements: the signatures, causes, functions and implications. J Mol Cell Biol 2020; 11:886-898. [PMID: 31361891 PMCID: PMC6884712 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjz080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal translocation leads to the juxtaposition of two otherwise separate DNA loci, which could result in gene fusion. These rearrangements at the DNA level are catastrophic events and often have causal roles in tumorigenesis. The oncogenic DNA messages are transferred to RNA molecules, which are in most cases translated into cancerous fusion proteins. Gene expression programs and signaling pathways are altered in these cytogenetically abnormal contexts. Notably, non-coding RNAs have attracted increasing attention and are believed to be tightly associated with chromosome-rearranged cancers. These RNAs not only function as modulators in downstream pathways but also directly affect chromosomal translocation or the associated products. This review summarizes recent research advances on the relationship between non-coding RNAs and chromosomal translocations and on diverse functions of non-coding RNAs in cancers with chromosomal rearrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai Han
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Lin-Yu Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Wen-Tao Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yu-Meng Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yue-Qin Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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31
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Szczepanek J. Role of microRNA dysregulation in childhood acute leukemias: Diagnostics, monitoring and therapeutics: A comprehensive review. World J Clin Oncol 2020; 11:348-369. [PMID: 32855905 PMCID: PMC7426929 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v11.i6.348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short noncoding RNAs that regulate the expression of genes by sequence-specific binding to mRNA to either promote or block its translation; they can also act as tumor suppressors (e.g., let-7b, miR-29a, miR-99, mir-100, miR-155, and miR-181) and/or oncogenes (e.g., miR-29a, miR-125b, miR-143-p3, mir-155, miR-181, miR-183, miR-196b, and miR-223) in childhood acute leukemia (AL). Differentially expressed miRNAs are important factors associated with the initiation and progression of AL. As shown in many studies, they can be used as noninvasive diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, which are useful in monitoring early stages of AL development or during therapy (e.g., miR-125b, miR-146b, miR-181c, and miR-4786), accurate classification of different cellular or molecular AL subgroups (e.g., let-7b, miR-98, miR-100, miR-128b, and miR-223), and identification and development of new therapeutic agents (e.g., mir-10, miR-125b, miR-203, miR-210, miR-335). Specific miRNA patterns have also been described for commonly used AL therapy drugs (e.g., miR-125b and miR-223 for doxorubicin, miR-335 and miR-1208 for prednisolone, and miR-203 for imatinib), uncovering miRNAs that are associated with treatment response. In the current review, the role of miRNAs in the development, progression, and therapy monitoring of pediatric ALs will be presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Szczepanek
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń 87100, Poland
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Danbaran GR, Aslani S, Sharafkandi N, Hemmatzadeh M, Hosseinzadeh R, Azizi G, Jadidi-Niaragh F, Babaie F, Mohammadi H. How microRNAs affect the PD-L1 and its synthetic pathway in cancer. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 84:106594. [PMID: 32416456 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a glycoprotein that is expressed on the cell surface of both hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cells. PD-L1 play a role in the immune tolerance and protect self-tissues from immune system attack. Dysfunction of this molecule has been highlighted in the pathogenesis of tumors, autoimmunity, and infectious disorders. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous molecules that are classified as small non-coding RNA with approximately 20-22 nucleotides (nt) length. The function of miRNAs is based on complementary interactions with target mRNA via matching completely or incompletely. The result of this function is decay of the target mRNA or preventing mRNA translation. In the past decades, several miRNAs have been discovered which play an important role in the regulation of PD-L1 in various malignancies. In this review, we discuss the effect of miRNAs on PD-L1 expression and consider the effect of miRNAs on the synthetic pathway of PD-L1, especially during cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saeed Aslani
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nadia Sharafkandi
- Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Maryam Hemmatzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ramin Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Azizi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farhad Babaie
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Hamed Mohammadi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
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Xu JX, Yang Y, Zhang X, Luan XP. Micro-RNA29b enhances the sensitivity of glioblastoma multiforme cells to temozolomide by promoting autophagy. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2020; 304:342-352. [PMID: 32275350 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
To explore whether or not aberrant expression of miR-29b in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells was associated with temozolomide (TMZ) resistance and to elucidate potential underlying mechanisms. Upregulation of miR-29 in GBM cells was achieved by transfecting miR-29b mimics. Changes in cell viability were measured by using CCK-8 assays. Flow cytometry and TUNEL assays were used to quantify the number of apoptotic cells. The expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins as well as autophagy-associated proteins, and the expression levels of both apoptotic and autophagic genes were determined by Western blotting. Autophagy flux was monitored by transfecting mRFP-GFP-LC3 adenovirus. We halted autophagy by introducing Atg 5-specific siRNA or the autophagy inhibitor Bafilomycin A1 (Baf-A1). We also employed a GBM xenograft mice model to confirm the role of miR-29b in vivo. miR-29b overexpression induced inhibition of cell viability, and also induced apoptosis and autophagy in U251 and U87MG cells. Furthermore, upregulation of miR-29b was able to potentiate the level of antitumor activity of TMZ against tested cells. We also found that autophagy induced by miR-29b, at least partially, contributed to the increase of TMZ sensitivity in GBM cells. As was evidenced by blockade of autophagy, the application of Atg 5 siRNA or Baf-A1 was able to significantly reverse these effects. Consistent with observations in vitro, findings of in vivo assessment also confirmed that overexpression of miR-29b was able to effectively halt tumor growth and enhance the antitumor activity of TMZ. miR-29b potentiates TMZ sensitivity against GBM cells by inducing autophagy and the combined use of miR-29 mimic and TMZ might represent a potential therapeutic strategy for GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Xuan Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The second Affiliated Hospital of XinJiang Medical University, Wulumuqi City, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The second Affiliated Hospital of XinJiang Medical University, Wulumuqi City, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The second Affiliated Hospital of XinJiang Medical University, Wulumuqi City, China
| | - Xin-Ping Luan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The second Affiliated Hospital of XinJiang Medical University, Wulumuqi City, China
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Zhang C, Ye B, Wei J, Wang Q, Xu C, Yu G. MiR-199a-5p regulates rat liver regeneration and hepatocyte proliferation by targeting TNF-α TNFR1/TRADD/CASPASE8/CASPASE3 signalling pathway. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 47:4110-4118. [PMID: 31682476 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1683566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Abnormally expressed miR-199a-5p (miR-199a) has been frequently reported in multiple types of malignancies. Nevertheless, its effect in liver regeneration (LR) is largely still unclear. Herein, we investigated the function of miR-199a in hepatocyte proliferation during LR. As a result, miR-199a expression was significantly increased 12-30 h, in rat hepatic tissue, after partial hepatectomy (PH). The down-regulated expression of miR-199a inhibited proliferation as well as promoted cell apoptosis of BRL-3A. Additionally, TNF-α was found as a target of miR-199a. The administration of TNF-α siRNA regulated the effects of miR-199a on hepatocyte proliferation as well as miR-199a-modulated TNF-α/TNFR1/TRADD/CASPASE8/CASPASE3 signalling pathways. Taken together, these present findings suggested that miR-199a promoted hepatocyte proliferation as well as LR via targeting TNF-α/TNFR1/TRADD/CASPASE8/CASPASE3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation and Henan International Joint Laboratory for Pulmonary Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Bingyu Ye
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation and Henan International Joint Laboratory for Pulmonary Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Jiaojiao Wei
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Qiwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation and Henan International Joint Laboratory for Pulmonary Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Cunshuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation and Henan International Joint Laboratory for Pulmonary Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Guoying Yu
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation and Henan International Joint Laboratory for Pulmonary Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
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Wang A, Deng S, Chen X, Yu C, Du Q, Wu Y, Chen G, Hu L, Hu C, Li Y. miR-29a-5p/STAT3 Positive Feedback Loop Regulates TETs in Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2020; 26:524-533. [PMID: 31750910 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izz281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin (IL)-6/signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling plays an important role in the development of colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC). The mechanism of CAC formation remains unclear, and the relationship between miRNAs and the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway in the development of CAC is not well understood. In this study, we investigated the relationship between miR-29a-5p and the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway in the development of CAC and alterations in 10-11 translocations (TETs) regulated by this network. METHODS miR-29a-5p was screened in a CAC mouse model by high-throughput microarray analysis and investigated in human colorectal cancer tissue samples and colon cell lines by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (Q-RTPCR). The expression of miR-29a and TETs was detected by Q-RTPCR, and the expression of STAT3/P-STAT3 and TET3 was detected via Western blot assay. The expression of TET1 and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) was detected through immunofluorescence. RESULTS Our results showed that miR-29a-5p was significantly upregulated and was accompanied by STAT3 activation in the colon tissues of CAC mouse and human colorectal cancer tissues, as compared with normal colon tissues. In contrast, the levels of TETs and 5hmC were decreased. In vitro, overexpression of miR-29a-5p in colonic cell lines (HCT-116 and IEC-6) and RAW264.7 cells increased STAT3 expression, but decreased that of TET3, TET1, and 5hmC. miR-29a-5p downregulation in HCT-116 and IEC-6 cell lines could rescue the expression of STAT3 and TET3. Notably, STAT3 activation induced by IL-6 upregulated miR-29a-5p expression and reduced TET expression in vitro, although STAT3 inhibitor treatment downregulated miR-29a-5p expression, which was induced by IL-6. CONCLUSIONS Our studies showed that tumor development occurred with inflammation. The miR-29a-5p/STAT3 signaling axis could play an important role in the development of CAC, and the miR-29a-5p/STAT3 positive feedback loop may amplify the effects of inflammation, lead to decreased levels of TET and 5hmC, and eventually lead to the development of CAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiping Wang
- Pi-Wei Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Song Deng
- Pi-Wei Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Pi-Wei Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang Yu
- Pi-Wei Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qun Du
- Pi-Wei Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanli Wu
- Pi-Wei Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gang Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medical, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ling Hu
- Pi-Wei Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenxia Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanwu Li
- Pi-Wei Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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36
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Huang S, Huang Z, Ma C, Luo L, Li YF, Wu YL, Ren Y, Feng C. Acidic leucine-rich nuclear phosphoprotein-32A expression contributes to adverse outcome in acute myeloid leukemia. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:345. [PMID: 32355789 PMCID: PMC7186738 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2020.02.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Acidic leucine-rich nuclear phosphoprotein-32A (ANP32A) is a novel regulator of histone H3 acetylation and promotes leukemogenesis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, its prognostic value in AML remains unclear. Methods In this study, we evaluated the prognostic significance of ANP32A expression using two independent large cohorts of cytogenetically normal AML (CN-AML) patients. Multivariable analysis in CN-AML group was also presented. Based on the ANP32A expression, its related genes, dysregulation of pathways, interaction network analysis between microRNAs and target genes, as well as methylation analysis were performed to unveil the complex functions behind ANP32A. Results Here we demonstrated overexpression of ANP32A was notably associated with unfavorable outcome in two independent cohorts of CN-AML patients (OS: P=0.012, EFS: P=0.005, n=185; OS: P=0.041, n=232), as well as in European Leukemia Net (ELN) Intermediate-I group (OS: P=0.018, EFS: P=0.045, n=115), National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) Intermediate Risk AML group (OS: P=0.048, EFS: P=0.039, n=225), and non-M3 AML group (OS: P=0.034, EFS: P=0.011, n=435). Multivariable analysis further validated ANP32A as a high-risk factor in CN-AML group. Multi-omics analysis presented overexpression of ANP32A was associated with aberrant expression of oncogenes and tumor suppressor, up/down-regulation of metabolic and immune-related pathways, dysregulation of microRNAs, and hypomethylation on CpG island and 1st Exon regions. Conclusions We proved ANP32A as a novel, potential unfavorable prognosticator and therapeutic target for AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Huang
- Department of Hematology, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Zhi Huang
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Hematology, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Lan Luo
- Department of Hematology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yan-Fen Li
- Department of Hematology, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yong-Li Wu
- Department of Hematology, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yuan Ren
- Department of Hematology, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Cong Feng
- Department of Emergency, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
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Javandoost E, Firoozi-Majd E, Rostamian H, Khakpoor-Koosheh M, Mirzaei HR. Role of microRNAs in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Pathogenesis. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:282-297. [PMID: 31544709 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190911114842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small endogenous non-coding RNAs involved in many cancers and various cellular processes such as cellular growth, DNA methylation, apoptosis, and differentiation. 13q14.3 chromosomal region contains miR-15 and miR-16 and deletion of this region is a commonly reported aberration in Chronic Lymphoblastic Leukemia (CLL), suggesting miRNAs involvement in CLL pathogenesis. MicroRNAs are known as oncogenes and tumor suppressors in CLL which may also serve as markers of onset and progression of the disease. The most prevalent form of leukemia diagnosed in adults in the western world, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, accounts for one-third of all leukemias. CLL is characterized by the presence of B Cell Malignant Clones in secondary lymphoid tissues, peripheral blood and bone marrow. The precise etiology of CLL is remained to be known, however, a number of Chromosomal Abnormalities such as deletions of 13q14.3, 11q and 17p and trisomy 12 have been detected. In this review, we offer our prospect on how miRNAs are involved in the CLL pathogenesis and disease progression. Further understanding of the underlying mechanisms and regulation of CLL pathogenesis has underscored the need for further research regarding their role in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Javandoost
- Department of Hematology, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Firoozi-Majd
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hosein Rostamian
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khakpoor-Koosheh
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Mirzaei
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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38
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Gadewal N, Kumar R, Aher S, Gardane A, Gaur T, Varma AK, Khattry N, Hasan SK. miRNA-mRNA Profiling Reveals Prognostic Impact of SMC1A Expression in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Oncol Res 2020; 28:321-330. [PMID: 32059753 PMCID: PMC7851519 DOI: 10.3727/096504020x15816752427321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with NPM1 mutation is a disease driving genetic alteration with good prognosis. Although it has been suggested that NPM1 mutation induces chemosensitivity in leukemic cells, the underlying cause for the better survival of NPM1 mutated patients is still not clear. Mutant NPM1 AML has a unique microRNA and their target gene (mRNA) signature compared to wild-type NPM1. Dynamic regulation of miRNA–mRNA has been reported to influence the prognostic outcome. In the present study, in silico expression data of miRNA and mRNA in AML patients was retrieved from genome data commons, and differentially expressed miRNA and mRNA among NPM1 mutated (n = 21) and NPM1 wild-type (n = 162) cases were identified to establish a dynamic association at the molecular level. In vitro experiments using high-throughput RNA sequencing were performed on human AML cells carrying NPM1 mutated and wild-type allele. The comparison of in vitro transcriptomics data with in silico miRNA–mRNA expression network data revealed downregulation of SMC1A. On establishing miRNA–mRNA interactive pairs, it has been observed that hsa-mir-215-5p (logFC: 0.957; p = 0.0189) is involved in the downregulation of SMC1A (logFC: –0.481; p = 0.0464) in NPM1 mutated AML. We demonstrated that transient expression of NPM1 mutation upregulates miR-215-5p, which results in downregulation of SMC1A. We have also shown using a rescue experiment that neutralizing miR-215-5p reverses the effect of NPM1 mutation on SMC1A. Using the leukemic blasts from AML patients, we observed higher expression of miR-215-5p and lower expression of SMC1A in NPM1 mutated patients compared to wild-type cases. The overall survival of AML patients was significantly inferior in SMC1A high expressers compared to low expressers (20.3% vs. 58.5%, p = 0.018). The data suggest that dynamic miR-215-SMC1A regulation is potentially modulated by NPM1 mutation, which might serve as an explanation for the better outcome in NPM1 mutated AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Gadewal
- Bioinformatics Centre, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC)Navi MumbaiIndia
| | - Rohit Kumar
- Cell and Tumor Biology Group, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in CancerNavi MumbaiIndia
| | - Swapnil Aher
- Cell and Tumor Biology Group, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in CancerNavi MumbaiIndia
| | - Anagha Gardane
- Cell and Tumor Biology Group, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in CancerNavi MumbaiIndia
| | - Tarang Gaur
- Cell and Tumor Biology Group, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in CancerNavi MumbaiIndia
| | - Ashok K Varma
- Bioinformatics Centre, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC)Navi MumbaiIndia
| | - Navin Khattry
- Adult Hemato-lymphoid Disease Management Group, Tata Memorial HospitalMumbaiIndia
| | - Syed K Hasan
- Cell and Tumor Biology Group, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in CancerNavi MumbaiIndia
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Khalaj M, Woolthuis CM, Hu W, Durham BH, Chu SH, Qamar S, Armstrong SA, Park CY. miR-99 regulates normal and malignant hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal. J Exp Med 2020; 214:2453-2470. [PMID: 28733386 PMCID: PMC5551568 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20161595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms that regulate self-renewal in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and leukemia stem cells (LSCs) are poorly understood. Herein, Khalaj et al. identify microRNA-99 (miR-99) as a novel noncoding RNA critical for the maintenance of HSCs and LSCs and demonstrate that miR-99 mediates its role by suppressing multiple target genes, including HOXA1. The microRNA-99 (miR-99) family comprises a group of broadly conserved microRNAs that are highly expressed in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and acute myeloid leukemia stem cells (LSCs) compared with their differentiated progeny. Herein, we show that miR-99 regulates self-renewal in both HSCs and LSCs. miR-99 maintains HSC long-term reconstitution activity by inhibiting differentiation and cell cycle entry. Moreover, miR-99 inhibition induced LSC differentiation and depletion in an MLL-AF9–driven mouse model of AML, leading to reduction in leukemia-initiating activity and improved survival in secondary transplants. Confirming miR-99’s role in established AML, miR-99 inhibition induced primary AML patient blasts to undergo differentiation. A forward genetic shRNA library screen revealed Hoxa1 as a critical mediator of miR-99 function in HSC maintenance, and this observation was independently confirmed in both HSCs and LSCs. Together, these studies demonstrate the importance of noncoding RNAs in the regulation of HSC and LSC function and identify miR-99 as a critical regulator of stem cell self-renewal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Khalaj
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.,Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - Carolien M Woolthuis
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Wenhuo Hu
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Benjamin H Durham
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - S Haihua Chu
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Sarah Qamar
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.,Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - Scott A Armstrong
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Christopher Y Park
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
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40
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Li M, Cui X, Guan H. MicroRNAs: pivotal regulators in acute myeloid leukemia. Ann Hematol 2020; 99:399-412. [PMID: 31932900 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-019-03887-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are a class of small non-coding RNAs that are 19-22 nucleotides in length and regulate a variety of biological processes at the post-transcriptional level. MicroRNA dysregulation disrupts normal biological processes, resulting in tumorigenesis. Acute myeloid leukemia is an invasive hematological malignancy characterized by the abnormal proliferation and differentiation of immature myeloid cells. Due to the low 5-year survival rate, there is an urgent need to discover novel diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. In recent years, microRNAs have been shown to play important roles in hematological malignancies by acting as tumor suppressors and oncogenes. MicroRNAs have the potential to be a breakthrough in the diagnosis and treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. In this review, we summarize the biology of microRNAs and discuss the relationships between microRNA dysregulation and acute myeloid leukemia in the following aspects: signaling pathways, the abnormal biological behavior of acute myeloid leukemia cells, the clinical application of microRNAs and competing endogenous RNA regulatory networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Li
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Medical College of Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xianglun Cui
- Department of Inspection, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Hongzai Guan
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Medical College of Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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Esmaili MA, Kazemi A, Zaker F, Faranoush M, Rezvany MR. Effects of Reduced Mir-24 Expression on Plasma Methotrexate Levels, Therapy-Related Toxicities, and Patient Outcomes in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 8:358-365. [PMID: 32582793 PMCID: PMC7275838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current study aims to investigate the relationship of miR-24 expression with plasma methotrexate (MTX) levels, therapy-related toxicities, and event-free survival (EFS) in Iranian pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients. METHODS The study included 74 ALL patients in consolidation phase and 41 healthy children. RNA was extracted from plasma, polyadenylated, and reverse transcribed. miR-24 expression was determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Plasma MTX concentrations were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) 48 h after high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) injection. The diagnosis of ALL was further subclassified as B-ALL or T-ALL via flow cytometry. RESULTS miR-24 expression was less in pediatric ALL patients than in the control group (p = 0.0038). Furthermore, downregulation of miR-24 was correlated with intermediate- to high-grade HD-MTX therapy toxicities (p = 0.025). Nevertheless, no statistically significant associations were seen between miR-24 levels and plasma MTX levels 48 h after HD-MTX administration (p > 0.05) or EFS in pediatric ALL patients (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION miR-24 expression may contribute to interindividual variability in response to intermediate- to highgrade HD-MTX therapy toxicities under Berlin Frankfurt Munster (BFM) treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Esmaili
- Department of Hematology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran .
| | - Ahmad Kazemi
- Department of Hematology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran .
| | - Farhad Zaker
- Department of Hematology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran .
| | - Mohammad Faranoush
- Pediatric Growth and Development Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran .
- Mahak Hematology Oncology Research Center (MAHAK-HORC), Mahak Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Reza Rezvany
- Department of Hematology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran .
- Pediatric Growth and Development Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran .
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Immune and Gene Therapy Lab, Cancer Center Karolinska (CCK), Karolinska University Hospital Solna and Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 17176, Sweden.
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Zhao C, Du F, Zhao Y, Wang S, Qi L. Acute myeloid leukemia cells secrete microRNA-4532-containing exosomes to mediate normal hematopoiesis in hematopoietic stem cells by activating the LDOC1-dependent STAT3 signaling pathway. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:384. [PMID: 31842997 PMCID: PMC6915875 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1475-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNA (miR)-containing exosomes released by acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells can be delivered into hematopoietic progenitor cells to suppress normal hematopoiesis. Herein, our study was performed to evaluate the effect of exosomal miR-4532 secreted by AML cells on hematopoiesis of hematopoietic stem cells. METHODS Firstly, differentially expressed miRs related to AML were identified using microarray analysis. Subsequently, AML cell lines were collected, and CD34+ HSCs were isolated from healthy pregnant women. Then, miR-4532 expression was measured in AML cells and AML cell-derived exosomes and CD34+ HSCs, together with evaluation of the targeting relationship between miR-4532 and LDOC1. Then, AML cells were treated with miR-4532 inhibitor, and exosomes were separated from AML cells and co-cultured with CD34+ HSCs. Gain- and loss-function approaches were employed in CD34+ HSCs. Colony-forming units (CFU) and expression of dickkopf-1 (DKK1), a hematopoietic inhibiting factor associated with pathogenesis of AML, were determined in CD34+ HSCs, as well as the extents of JAK2 and STAT3 phosphorylation and LDOC1 expression. RESULTS miR-4532 was found to be upregulated in AML cells and AML cell-derived exosomes, while being downregulated in CD34+ HSCs. In addition, exosomes released by AML cells targeted CD34+ HSCs to decrease the expression of CFU and increase the expression of DKK1. miR-4532 was delivered into CD34+ HSCs to target LDOC1 via AML cell-released exosomes. AML cell-derived exosomes containing miR-4532 inhibitor increased CFU but reduced DKK1 in CD34+ HSCs. Inhibition of miR-4532 or JAK2, or ectopic expression of LDOC1 upregulated CFU and downregulated DKK1 expression as well as the extents of JAK2 and STAT3 phosphorylation in CD34+ HSCs. CONCLUSION In conclusion, AML cell-derived exosomes carrying miR-4532 repress normal HSC hematopoiesis via activation of the LDOC1-dependent STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhao
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, 132013 People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Du
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Jining Medical University, Jining, Jining, 272067 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Infectious Disease, No. 965 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, Jilin, 132013 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Oncology of Shandong Higher Education, Institute of precision medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Qi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jilin Medical University, No. 5, Jilin Street, Jilin, 132013 Jilin Province People’s Republic of China
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People’s Hospital, B24 Yinquan South Road, Qingyuan, 511518 Guangdong Province People’s Republic of China
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43
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Saultz JN, Freud AG, Mundy-Bosse BL. MicroRNA regulation of natural killer cell development and function in leukemia. Mol Immunol 2019; 115:12-20. [PMID: 30100210 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are now recognized as important regulators of all cellular processes, including immune function and cancer survival. These evolutionary preserved, single-stranded, non-coding RNA molecules mediate important functional effects primarily through post-transcriptional regulation of protein expression. MiRNAs are known to mediate multiple oncogenic pathways in tumor cells, both tumor promoting and tumor suppressing. In addition to a direct tumor cell effect, miRNAs have also been shown to play a critical role in immune cell development, function and survival. Here we expand on previous reports to evaluate miRNA regulation in natural killer (NK) cells primarily in humans and focus on their influence on NK cell development and function in the setting of hematologic malignancies. In addition, we highlight the most recent miRNA discoveries in hematologic malignancies and discuss areas of future exploration relevant to the translational field of innate immunology and miRNA-based therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer N Saultz
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Aharon G Freud
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States; Comprehensive Cancer Center and The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Bethany L Mundy-Bosse
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States; Comprehensive Cancer Center and The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States.
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44
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Abstract
Introduction: Trisomy 8 is one of the most common cytogenetic alterations in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), with a frequency between 10% and 15%.Areas covered: The authors summarize the latest research regarding biological, translational and clinical aspects of trisomy 8 in AML.Expert opinion: Trisomy 8 can be found together with other karyotypes, although it also occurs as a sole aberration. The last decade's research has brought attention to molecular genetic alterations as strong contributors of leukemogenesis. AML with trisomy 8 seems to be associated with mutations in DNA methylation genes, spliceosome complex genes, and myeloid transcription factor genes, and these alterations probably have stronger implication for leukemic pathogenesis, treatment and hence prognosis, than the existence of trisomy 8 itself. Especially mutations in the RUNX1 and ASXL1 genes occur in high frequencies, and search for such mutations should be mandatory part of the diagnostic workup. AML with trisomy 8 is classified as intermediate-risk AML after recent European Leukemia Net (ELN) classification, and hence allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (Allo-HSCT) should be consider as consolidation therapy for this patient group.Trisomy 8 is frequently occurring in AML, although future molecular genetic workup should be performed, to optimize the diagnosis and treatment of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anette Lodvir Hemsing
- Division for Hematology, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Randi Hovland
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Galina Tsykunova
- Division for Hematology, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Håkon Reikvam
- Division for Hematology, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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45
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Lin SY, Hu FF, Miao YR, Hu H, Lei Q, Zhang Q, Li Q, Wang H, Chen Z, Guo AY. Identification of STAB1 in Multiple Datasets as a Prognostic Factor for Cytogenetically Normal AML: Mechanism and Drug Indications. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 18:476-484. [PMID: 31670197 PMCID: PMC6831857 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia (CN-AML) presents with diverse outcomes in different patients and is categorized as an intermediate prognosis group. It is important to identify prognostic factors for CN-AML risk stratification. In this study, using the TCGA CN-AML dataset, we found that the scavenger receptor stabilin-1 (STAB1) is a prognostic factor for poor outcomes and validated it in three other independent CN-AML datasets. The high STAB1 expression (STAB1high) group had shorter event-free survival compared with the low STAB1 expression (STAB1low) group in both the TCGA dataset (n = 79; p = 0.0478) and GEO: GSE6891 dataset (n = 187; p = 0.0354). Differential expression analysis between the STAB1high and STAB1low groups revealed that upregulated genes in the STAB1high group were enriched in pathways related to cell adhesion and migration and immune responses. We confirmed that STAB1 suppression inhibits cell growth in KG1a and NB4 leukemia cells. Expression correlation analyses between STAB1 and cancer drug targets suggested that patients in the STAB1low group are more sensitive to the BCL2 inhibitor venetoclax, and we confirmed it in cell lines. In conclusion, we identified STAB1 as a prognostic factor for CN-AML in multiple datasets, explored its underlying mechanism, and provided potential therapeutic indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Yan Lin
- Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Fei-Fei Hu
- Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ya-Ru Miao
- Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hui Hu
- Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Qian Lei
- Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Qiubai Li
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Hongxiang Wang
- Department of Hematology, Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Hubei Province, Wuhan Central Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Zhichao Chen
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - An-Yuan Guo
- Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
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46
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miR-199a-5p Represses Protective Autophagy and Overcomes Chemoresistance by Directly Targeting DRAM1 in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:5613417. [PMID: 31636666 PMCID: PMC6766143 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5613417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy resistance is still a primary clinical obstacle to the successful treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The underlying mechanisms of drug resistance are complicated and have not been fully understood. Here, we found that miR-199a-5p levels were significantly reduced in refractory/relapsed AML patients compared to those who achieved complete remission after chemotherapy. Consistently, miR-199a-5p was markedly decreased in Adriamycin-resistant AML K562/ADM cells in contrast with Adriamycin-sensitive K562 cells, and its decrement dramatically correlated with the chemoresistance of AML cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the basic and Adriamycin-induced autophagic activity in K562/ADM cells was higher than that in K562 cells. This inducible autophagy played a prosurvival role and contributed to the development of acquired drug resistance. Importantly, we investigated that miR-199a-5p could negatively regulate autophagy, at least in part, by inhibiting damage regulator autophagy modulator (DRAM1) expression at both the transcriptional and posttranscriptional level. miR-199a-5p bound directly to the 3'-UTR of DRAM1 mRNA which was a functional target of miR-199a-5p. Indeed, downregulation of DRAM1 gene by siRNA in K562/ADM cells resulted in autophagy suppression and chemosensitivity restoration. These results revealed that the miR-199a-5p/DRAM1/autophagy signaling represented a novel pathway regulating chemoresistance, indicating a potential therapeutic strategy for the intervention in drug-resistant AML.
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47
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Dakir EH, Mollinedo F. Genome-wide miRNA profiling and pivotal roles of miRs 125a-5p and 17-92 cluster in human neutrophil maturation and differentiation of acute myeloid leukemia cells. Oncotarget 2019; 10:5313-5331. [PMID: 31523391 PMCID: PMC6731105 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) are short non-coding post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression in normal physiology and disease. Acute myeloid leukemia is characterized by accumulation of malignantly transformed immature myeloid precursors, and differentiation therapy, used to overcome this differentiation blockage, has become a successful therapeutic option. The human HL-60 acute leukemia cell line serves as a cell culture model for granulocytic maturation, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) incubation leads to its differentiation towards neutrophil-like cells, as assessed by biochemical, functional and morphological parameters. DMSO-induced HL-60 cell differentiation constitutes an excellent model to examine molecular processes that turn a proliferating immortal leukemic cell line into mature non-proliferating and apoptosis-prone neutrophil-like end cells. By performing genome-wide miRNA profiling and functional assays, we have identified a signature of 86 differentially expressed canonical miRNAs (51 upregulated; 35 downregulated) during DMSO-induced granulocytic differentiation of HL-60 cells. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to validate miRNA expression. Among these differentially expressed canonical miRNAs, we found miR-125a-5p upregulation and miR-17-92 cluster downregulation acted as major regulators of granulocytic differentiation in HL-60 cells. Enforced expression of miR-125a-5p promoted granulocytic differentiation in HL-60 cells, whereas miR-17-92 ectopic expression inhibited DMSO-induced HL-60 granulocytic differentiation. Ectopic expression of miR-125a-5p also promoted granulocytic differentiation in human acute promyelocytic leukemia NB4 cells, as well as in naïve human primary CD34+-hematopoietic progenitor/stem cells. These findings provide novel molecular insights into the identification of miRNAs regulating granulocytic differentiation of human leukemia cells and normal CD34+-hematopoietic progenitor/stem cells, and may assist in the development of novel miRNA-targeted therapies for leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- El-Habib Dakir
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Faustino Mollinedo
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Laboratory of Cell Death and Cancer Therapy, Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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48
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Thoms JAI, Beck D, Pimanda JE. Transcriptional networks in acute myeloid leukemia. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2019; 58:859-874. [PMID: 31369171 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a complex disease characterized by a diverse range of recurrent molecular aberrations that occur in many different combinations. Components of transcriptional networks are a common target of these aberrations, leading to network-wide changes and deployment of novel or developmentally inappropriate transcriptional programs. Genome-wide techniques are beginning to reveal the full complexity of normal hematopoietic stem cell transcriptional networks and the extent to which they are deregulated in AML, and new understandings of the mechanisms by which AML cells maintain self-renewal and block differentiation are starting to emerge. The hope is that increased understanding of the network architecture in AML will lead to identification of key oncogenic dependencies that are downstream of multiple network aberrations, and that this knowledge will be translated into new therapies that target these dependencies. Here, we review the current state of knowledge of network perturbation in AML with a focus on major mechanisms of transcription factor dysregulation, including mutation, translocation, and transcriptional dysregulation, and discuss how these perturbations propagate across transcriptional networks. We will also review emerging mechanisms of network disruption, and briefly discuss how increased knowledge of network disruption is already being used to develop new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A I Thoms
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dominik Beck
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John E Pimanda
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Haematology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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49
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Wang S, Claret FX, Wu W. MicroRNAs as Therapeutic Targets in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2019; 9:756. [PMID: 31456943 PMCID: PMC6700302 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignancy of epithelial origin that is prone to local invasion and early distant metastasis. Although concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy improves the 5-year survival outcomes, persistent or recurrent disease still occurs. Therefore, novel therapeutic targets are needed for NPC patients. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in normal cell homeostasis, and dysregulations of miRNA expression have been implicated in human cancers. In NPC, studies have revealed that miRNAs are dysregulated and involved in tumorigenesis, metastasis, invasion, resistance to chemo- and radiotherapy, and other disease- and treatment-related processes. The advantage of miRNA-based treatment approaches is that miRNAs can concurrently target multiple effectors of pathways involved in tumor cell differentiation and proliferation. Thus, miRNA-based cancer treatments, alone or combined with standard chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, hold promise to improve treatment response and cure rates. In this review, we will summarize the dysregulation of miRNAs in NPC initiation, progression, and treatment as well as NPC-related signaling pathways, and we will discuss the potential applications of miRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in NPC patients. We conclude that miRNAs might be potential promising therapeutic targets in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumei Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,The Postdoctoral Research Station, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - François-Xavier Claret
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.,Experimental Therapeutic Academic Program and Cancer Biology Program, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Wanyin Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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50
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Not Only Mutations Matter: Molecular Picture of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Emerging from Transcriptome Studies. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:7239206. [PMID: 31467542 PMCID: PMC6699387 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7239206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The last two decades of genome-scale research revealed a complex molecular picture of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). On the one hand, a number of mutations were discovered and associated with AML diagnosis and prognosis; some of them were introduced into diagnostic tests. On the other hand, transcriptome studies, which preceded AML exome and genome sequencing, remained poorly translated into clinics. Nevertheless, gene expression studies significantly contributed to the elucidation of AML pathogenesis and indicated potential therapeutic directions. The power of transcriptomic approach lies in its comprehensiveness; we can observe how genome manifests its function in a particular type of cells and follow many genes in one test. Moreover, gene expression measurement can be combined with mutation detection, as high-impact mutations are often present in transcripts. This review sums up 20 years of transcriptome research devoted to AML. Gene expression profiling (GEP) revealed signatures distinctive for selected AML subtypes and uncovered the additional within-subtype heterogeneity. The results were particularly valuable in the case of AML with normal karyotype which concerns up to 50% of AML cases. With the use of GEP, new classes of the disease were identified and prognostic predictors were proposed. A plenty of genes were detected as overexpressed in AML when compared to healthy control, including KIT, BAALC, ERG, MN1, CDX2, WT1, PRAME, and HOX genes. High expression of these genes constitutes usually an unfavorable prognostic factor. Upregulation of FLT3 and NPM1 genes, independent on their mutation status, was also reported in AML and correlated with poor outcome. However, transcriptome is not limited to the protein-coding genes; other types of RNA molecules exist in a cell and regulate genome function. It was shown that microRNA (miRNA) profiles differentiated AML groups and predicted outcome not worse than protein-coding gene profiles. For example, upregulation of miR-10a, miR-10b, and miR-196b and downregulation of miR-192 were found as typical of AML with NPM1 mutation whereas overexpression of miR-155 was associated with FLT3-internal tandem duplication (FLT3-ITD). Development of high-throughput technologies and microarray replacement by next generation sequencing (RNA-seq) enabled uncovering a real variety of leukemic cell transcriptomes, reflected by gene fusions, chimeric RNAs, alternatively spliced transcripts, miRNAs, piRNAs, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and their special type, circular RNAs. Many of them can be considered as AML biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets. The relations between particular RNA puzzles and other components of leukemic cells and their microenvironment, such as exosomes, are now under investigation. Hopefully, the results of this research will shed the light on these aspects of AML pathogenesis which are still not completely understood.
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