1
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Ganser K, Stransky N, Abed T, Quintanilla-Martinez L, Gonzalez-Menendez I, Naumann U, Koch P, Krueger M, Ruth P, Huber SM, Eckert F. K Ca channel targeting impairs DNA repair and invasiveness of patient-derived glioblastoma stem cells in culture and orthotopic mouse xenografts which only in part is predictable by K Ca expression levels. Int J Cancer 2024. [PMID: 38938062 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.35064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Prognosis of glioblastoma patients is still poor despite multimodal therapy. The highly brain-infiltrating growth in concert with a pronounced therapy resistance particularly of mesenchymal glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs) has been proposed to contribute to therapy failure. Recently, we have shown that a mesenchymal-to-proneural mRNA signature of patient derived GSC-enriched (pGSC) cultures associates with in vitro radioresistance and gel invasion. Importantly, this pGSC mRNA signature is prognostic for patients' tumor recurrence pattern and overall survival. Two mesenchymal markers of the mRNA signature encode for IKCa and BKCa Ca2+-activated K+ channels. Therefore, we analyzed here the effect of IKCa- and BKCa-targeting concomitant to (fractionated) irradiation on radioresistance and glioblastoma spreading in pGSC cultures and in pGSC-derived orthotopic xenograft glioma mouse models. To this end, in vitro gel invasion, clonogenic survival, in vitro and in vivo residual DNA double strand breaks (DSBs), tumor growth, and brain invasion were assessed in the dependence on tumor irradiation and K+ channel targeting. As a result, the IKCa- and BKCa-blocker TRAM-34 and paxilline, respectively, increased number of residual DSBs and (numerically) decreased clonogenic survival in some but not in all IKCa- and BKCa-expressing pGSC cultures, respectively. In addition, BKCa- but not IKCa-blockade slowed-down gel invasion in vitro. Moreover, systemic administration of TRAM-34 or paxilline concomitant to fractionated tumor irradiation increased in the xenograft model(s) residual number of DSBs and attenuated glioblastoma brain invasion and (numerically) tumor growth. We conclude, that KCa-blockade concomitant to fractionated radiotherapy might be a promising new strategy in glioblastoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Ganser
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nicolai Stransky
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tayeb Abed
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Leticia Quintanilla-Martinez
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180), Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Irene Gonzalez-Menendez
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180), Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Naumann
- Molecular Neurooncology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center Neurology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Pierre Koch
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry II, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marcel Krueger
- Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Werner Siemens Imaging Center, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Ruth
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stephan M Huber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Franziska Eckert
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University Vienna, AKH, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna, Austria
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2
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Costa E, Isgrò A, de Montalembert M, Leufkens HGM, Ware RE, De Franceschi L. Successes and pitfalls in orphan drug development for sickle cell disease. Blood Adv 2024; 8:2455-2465. [PMID: 38522095 PMCID: PMC11112610 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023011730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a hereditary red cell disorder with a large disease burden at a global level. In the United States and Europe, medicines may qualify for orphan designation (OD), a regulatory status that provides incentives to boost development. We evaluated the development of new therapies for SCD using data for OD granted in the United States and Europe over the last 2 decades (2000-2021). We analyzed their characteristics, pathophysiological targets, trends, and OD sponsors. We then investigated the approval outcomes, including the phase success rate and reasons for discontinuation across different variables. We identified 57 ODs for SCD: 43 (75.4%) small molecules, 32 (56.1%) for oral administration, and 36 (63.1%) for chronic use to prevent SCD complications. At the end of the study (2021), development of 34 of 57 ODs was completed. Four ODs were approved with a success rate of 11.8%. Products targeting upstream causative events of SCD pathophysiology had a 1.8 higher success rate compared with products targeting disease consequences. Large companies showed a fourfold higher success rate compared with small-medium enterprises. Failures in clinical development were mainly seen in phase 3 for a lack of efficacy on vaso-occlusive crisis as the primary study end point, likely related to variable definitions and heterogeneity of pain scoring and treatment. Both advances in SCD knowledge and regulatory incentives paved the way for new therapies for SCD. Our finding of high failure rates in late-stage clinical development signals the need for better early-stage predictive models, also in the context of meaningful clinical end points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Costa
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Pharmaceutical Policy and Regulation, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Antonella Isgrò
- Centralized Procedures Office, Innovation and Pharmaceutical Strategy Division, Italian Medicines Agency, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariane de Montalembert
- Department of Pediatrics, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris Centre, Paris, France
| | - Hubert G. M. Leufkens
- Emeritus Professor Regulatory Science and Pharmaceutical Policy, Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacoepidemiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Russell E. Ware
- Division of Hematology and Global Health Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
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3
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Anastasiadi AT, Arvaniti VZ, Hudson KE, Kriebardis AG, Stathopoulos C, D’Alessandro A, Spitalnik SL, Tzounakas VL. Exploring unconventional attributes of red blood cells and their potential applications in biomedicine. Protein Cell 2024; 15:315-330. [PMID: 38270470 PMCID: PMC11074998 DOI: 10.1093/procel/pwae001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alkmini T Anastasiadi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Vasiliki-Zoi Arvaniti
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Krystalyn E Hudson
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY 10032, USA
| | - Anastasios G Kriebardis
- Laboratory of Reliability and Quality Control in Laboratory Hematology (HemQcR), Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health & Caring Sciences, University of West Attica (UniWA), 12243 Egaleo, Greece
| | | | - Angelo D’Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Steven L Spitalnik
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY 10032, USA
| | - Vassilis L Tzounakas
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
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4
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Iyer K, Yan Z, Ross SR. Entry inhibitors as arenavirus antivirals. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1382953. [PMID: 38650890 PMCID: PMC11033450 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1382953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Arenaviruses belonging to the Arenaviridae family, genus mammarenavirus, are enveloped, single-stranded RNA viruses primarily found in rodent species, that cause severe hemorrhagic fever in humans. With high mortality rates and limited treatment options, the search for effective antivirals is imperative. Current treatments, notably ribavirin and other nucleoside inhibitors, are only partially effective and have significant side effects. The high lethality and lack of treatment, coupled with the absence of vaccines for all but Junín virus, has led to the classification of these viruses as Category A pathogens by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). This review focuses on entry inhibitors as potential therapeutics against mammarenaviruses, which include both New World and Old World arenaviruses. Various entry inhibition strategies, including small molecule inhibitors and neutralizing antibodies, have been explored through high throughput screening, genome-wide studies, and drug repurposing. Notable progress has been made in identifying molecules that target receptor binding, internalization, or fusion steps. Despite promising preclinical results, the translation of entry inhibitors to approved human therapeutics has faced challenges. Many have only been tested in in vitro or animal models, and a number of candidates showed efficacy only against specific arenaviruses, limiting their broader applicability. The widespread existence of arenaviruses in various rodent species and their potential for their zoonotic transmission also underscores the need for rapid development and deployment of successful pan-arenavirus therapeutics. The diverse pool of candidate molecules in the pipeline provides hope for the eventual discovery of a broadly effective arenavirus antiviral.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Susan R. Ross
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois, College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
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5
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van Dijk MJ, Traets MJM, van Oirschot BA, Ruiter TJJ, de Wilde JRA, Bos J, van Solinge WW, Koziel MJ, Jans JJM, Wani R, van Beers EJ, van Wijk R, Rab MAE. A novel composition of endogenous metabolic modulators improves red blood cell properties in sickle cell disease. EJHAEM 2024; 5:21-32. [PMID: 38406513 PMCID: PMC10887255 DOI: 10.1002/jha2.850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The most common forms of sickle cell disease (SCD) are sickle cell anemia (SCA; HbSS) and HbSC disease. In both, especially the more dense, dehydrated and adherent red blood cells (RBCs) with reduced deformability are prone to hemolysis and sickling, and thereby vaso-occlusion. Based on plasma amino acid profiling in SCD, a composition of 10 amino acids and derivatives (RCitNacQCarLKHVS; Axcella Therapeutics, USA), referred to as endogenous metabolic modulators (EMMs), was designed to target RBC metabolism. The effects of ex vivo treatment with the EMM composition on different RBC properties were studied in SCD (n = 9 SCA, n = 5 HbSC disease). Dose-dependent improvements were observed in RBC hydration assessed by hemocytometry (MCV, MCHC, dense RBCs) and osmotic gradient ektacytometry (Ohyper). Median (interquartile range [IQR]) increase in Ohyper compared to vehicle was 4.9% (4.0%-5.5%), 7.5% (6.9%-9.4%), and 12.8% (11.5%-14.0%) with increasing 20×, 40×, and 80X concentrations, respectively (all p < 0.0001). RBC deformability (EImax using oxygen gradient ektacytometry) increased by 8.1% (2.2%-12.1%; p = 0.0012), 9.6% (2.9%-15.1%; p = 0.0013), and 13.3% (5.7%-25.5%; p = 0.0007), respectively. Besides, RBC adhesion to subendothelial laminin decreased by 43% (6%-68%; p = 0.4324), 58% (48%-72%; p = 0.0185), and 71% (49%-82%; p = 0.0016), respectively. Together, these results provide a rationale for further studies with the EMM composition targeting multiple RBC properties in SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrthe J. van Dijk
- Department of Central Diagnostic Laboratory—Research, University Medical Center UtrechtUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Center for Benign Hematology, Thrombosis and Hemostasis—Van CreveldkliniekUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Marissa J. M. Traets
- Department of Central Diagnostic Laboratory—Research, University Medical Center UtrechtUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Brigitte A. van Oirschot
- Department of Central Diagnostic Laboratory—Research, University Medical Center UtrechtUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Titine J. J. Ruiter
- Department of Central Diagnostic Laboratory—Research, University Medical Center UtrechtUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Section Metabolic Diagnostics, Department of GeneticsUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Jonathan R. A. de Wilde
- Department of Central Diagnostic Laboratory—Research, University Medical Center UtrechtUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Jennifer Bos
- Department of Central Diagnostic Laboratory—Research, University Medical Center UtrechtUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Wouter W. van Solinge
- Department of Central Diagnostic Laboratory—Research, University Medical Center UtrechtUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | | | - Judith J. M. Jans
- Section Metabolic Diagnostics, Department of GeneticsUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Revati Wani
- Axcella TherapeuticsCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc.CambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Eduard J. van Beers
- Center for Benign Hematology, Thrombosis and Hemostasis—Van CreveldkliniekUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Richard van Wijk
- Department of Central Diagnostic Laboratory—Research, University Medical Center UtrechtUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Minke A. E. Rab
- Department of Central Diagnostic Laboratory—Research, University Medical Center UtrechtUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Department of HematologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
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6
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Ataga KI. The challenge of clinical end points in sickle cell disease. Blood 2023; 142:2047-2054. [PMID: 37890140 PMCID: PMC10733825 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023021220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
As most patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) do not have access to curative therapies, the availability of drug therapies that can modify disease severity remains highly desirable. Despite an increased understanding of the pathophysiology of SCD, only 4 drugs are approved by the US Food and Drugs Administration. Most drug trials in SCD have involved the use of acute pain episodes as the primary clinical end point. These studies have typically been to prevent or shorten the duration of such episodes. To date, no drug has received regulatory approval for shortening the duration of acute vaso-occlusive complications, likely highlighting the complex pathophysiology of acute pain episodes. Trials to prevent acute pain episodes have largely evaluated those episodes requiring health care use as a surrogate end point. However, with differences in culture and health care practices among countries, health care use may not reliably predict clinically important effects on acute pain episodes. This article discusses issues related to the use of health care use as the primary end point for prevention trials of acute pain episodes and highlights the importance of evaluating patient-reported outcomes as well as other SCD-related complications as outcome measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth I. Ataga
- Center for Sickle Cell Disease, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
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7
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Michelucci A, Sforna L, Franciolini F, Catacuzzeno L. Hypoxia, Ion Channels and Glioblastoma Malignancy. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1742. [PMID: 38136613 PMCID: PMC10742235 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The malignancy of glioblastoma (GBM), the most aggressive type of human brain tumor, strongly correlates with the presence of hypoxic areas within the tumor mass. Oxygen levels have been shown to control several critical aspects of tumor aggressiveness, such as migration/invasion and cell death resistance, but the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. GBM cells express abundant K+ and Cl- channels, whose activity supports cell volume and membrane potential changes, critical for cell proliferation, migration and death. Volume-regulated anion channels (VRAC), which mediate the swelling-activated Cl- current, and the large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels (BK) are both functionally upregulated in GBM cells, where they control different aspects underlying GBM malignancy/aggressiveness. The functional expression/activity of both VRAC and BK channels are under the control of the oxygen levels, and these regulations are involved in the hypoxia-induced GBM cell aggressiveness. The present review will provide a comprehensive overview of the literature supporting the role of these two channels in the hypoxia-mediated GBM malignancy, suggesting them as potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Michelucci
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (L.S.); (F.F.)
| | | | | | - Luigi Catacuzzeno
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (L.S.); (F.F.)
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8
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Vasileva VY, Khairullina ZM, Sudarikova AV, Chubinskiy-Nadezhdin VI. Role of Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels in Proliferation, Migration and Invasion of Human Chronic Myeloid Leukemia K562 Cells. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:583. [PMID: 37367787 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13060583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Calcium-activated potassium channels (KCa) are important participants in calcium signaling pathways due to their ability to be activated by an increase in intracellular free calcium concentration. KCa channels are involved in the regulation of cellular processes in both normal and pathophysiological conditions, including oncotransformation. Previously, using patch-clamp, we registered the KCa currents in the plasma membrane of human chronic myeloid leukemia K562 cells, whose activity was controlled by local Ca2+ entry via mechanosensitive calcium-permeable channels. Here, we performed the molecular and functional identification of KCa channels and have uncovered their role in the proliferation, migration and invasion of K562 cells. Using a combined approach, we identified the functional activity of SK2, SK3 and IK channels in the plasma membrane of the cells. Selective SK and IK channel inhibitors, apamin and TRAM-34, respectively, reduced the proliferative, migratory and invasive capabilities of human myeloid leukemia cells. At the same time, the viability of K562 cells was not affected by KCa channel inhibitors. Ca2+ imaging showed that both SK and IK channel inhibitors affect Ca2+ entry and this could underlie the observed suppression of pathophysiological reactions of K562 cells. Our data imply that SK/IK channel inhibitors could be used to slow down the proliferation and spreading of chronic myeloid leukemia K562 cells that express functionally active KCa channels in the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Y Vasileva
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Ave. 4, 194064 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Zuleikha M Khairullina
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Ave. 4, 194064 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anastasia V Sudarikova
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Ave. 4, 194064 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
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9
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Logue MJE, Farquhar RE, Eckhoff-Björngard Y, Cheung TT, Devor DC, McDonald FJ, Hamilton KL. The exocyst complex is required for the trafficking and delivery of KCa3.1 to the basolateral membrane of polarized epithelia. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 324:C1249-C1262. [PMID: 37125772 PMCID: PMC10243536 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00374.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Control of the movement of ions and water across epithelia is essential for homeostasis. Changing the number or activity of ion channels at the plasma membrane is a significant regulator of epithelial transport. In polarized epithelia, the intermediate-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel, KCa3.1 is delivered to the basolateral membrane where it generates and maintains the electrochemical gradients required for epithelial transport. The mechanisms that control the delivery of KCa3.1 to the basolateral membrane are still emerging. Herein, we investigated the role of the highly conserved tethering complex exocyst. In epithelia, exocyst is involved in the tethering of post-Golgi secretory vesicles with the basolateral membrane, which is required before membrane fusion. In our Fisher rat thyroid cell line that stably expresses KCa3.1, siRNA knockdown of either of the exocyst subunits Sec3, Sec6, or Sec8 significantly decreased KCa3.1-specific current. In addition, knockdown of exocyst complex subunits significantly reduced the basolateral membrane protein level of KCa3.1. Finally, co-immunoprecipitation experiments suggest associations between Sec6 and KCa3.1, but not between Sec8 and KCa3.1. Collectively, based on these data and our previous studies, we suggest that components of exocyst complex are crucially important in the tethering of KCa3.1 to the basolateral membrane. After which, Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor (SNF) Attachment Receptors (SNARE) proteins aid in the insertion of KCa3.1-containing vesicles into the basolateral membrane of polarized epithelia.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our Ussing chamber and immunoblot experiments demonstrate that when subunits of the exocyst complex were transiently knocked down, this significantly reduced the basolateral population and functional expression of KCa3.1. These data suggest, combined with our protein association experiments, that the exocyst complex regulates the tethering of KCa3.1-containing vesicles to the basolateral membrane prior to the SNARE-dependent insertion of channels into the basolateral membrane of epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J E Logue
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Rachel E Farquhar
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Yoakim Eckhoff-Björngard
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Tanya T Cheung
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Daniel C Devor
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Fiona J McDonald
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Kirk L Hamilton
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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10
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Vera OD, Wulff H, Braun AP. Endothelial KCa channels: Novel targets to reduce atherosclerosis-driven vascular dysfunction. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1151244. [PMID: 37063294 PMCID: PMC10102451 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1151244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated levels of cholesterol in the blood can induce endothelial dysfunction, a condition characterized by impaired nitric oxide production and decreased vasodilatory capacity. Endothelial dysfunction can promote vascular disease, such as atherosclerosis, where macrophages accumulate in the vascular intima and fatty plaques form that impair normal blood flow in conduit arteries. Current pharmacological strategies to treat atherosclerosis mostly focus on lipid lowering to prevent high levels of plasma cholesterol that induce endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. While this approach is effective for most patients with atherosclerosis, for some, lipid lowering is not enough to reduce their cardiovascular risk factors associated with atherosclerosis (e.g., hypertension, cardiac dysfunction, stroke, etc.). For such patients, additional strategies targeted at reducing endothelial dysfunction may be beneficial. One novel strategy to restore endothelial function and mitigate atherosclerosis risk is to enhance the activity of Ca2+-activated K+ (KCa) channels in the endothelium with positive gating modulator drugs. Here, we review the mechanism of action of these small molecules and discuss their ability to improve endothelial function. We then explore how this strategy could mitigate endothelial dysfunction in the context of atherosclerosis by examining how KCa modulators can improve cardiovascular function in other settings, such as aging and type 2 diabetes. Finally, we consider questions that will need to be addressed to determine whether KCa channel activation could be used as a long-term add-on to lipid lowering to augment atherosclerosis treatment, particularly in patients where lipid-lowering is not adequate to improve their cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. Daniel Vera
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Heike Wulff
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Andrew P. Braun
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- *Correspondence: Andrew P. Braun,
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11
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Soret B, Hense J, Lüdtke S, Thale I, Schwab A, Düfer M. Pancreatic K Ca3.1 channels in health and disease. Biol Chem 2023; 404:339-353. [PMID: 36571487 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2022-0232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Ion channels play an important role for regulation of the exocrine and the endocrine pancreas. This review focuses on the Ca2+-regulated K+ channel KCa3.1, encoded by the KCNN4 gene, which is present in both parts of the pancreas. In the islets of Langerhans, KCa3.1 channels are involved in the regulation of membrane potential oscillations characterizing nutrient-stimulated islet activity. Channel upregulation is induced by gluco- or lipotoxic conditions and might contribute to micro-inflammation and impaired insulin release in type 2 diabetes mellitus as well as to diabetes-associated renal and vascular complications. In the exocrine pancreas KCa3.1 channels are expressed in acinar and ductal cells. They are thought to play a role for anion secretion during digestion but their physiological role has not been fully elucidated yet. Pancreatic carcinoma, especially pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), is associated with drastic overexpression of KCa3.1. For pharmacological targeting of KCa3.1 channels, we are discussing the possible benefits KCa3.1 channel inhibitors might provide in the context of diabetes mellitus and pancreatic cancer, respectively. We are also giving a perspective for the use of a fluorescently labeled derivative of the KCa3.1 blocker senicapoc as a tool to monitor channel distribution in pancreatic tissue. In summary, modulating KCa3.1 channel activity is a useful strategy for exo-and endocrine pancreatic disease but further studies are needed to evaluate its clinical suitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Soret
- University of Münster, Institute of Physiology II, Robert-Koch-Straße 27b, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jurek Hense
- University of Münster, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacology, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Simon Lüdtke
- University of Münster, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacology, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Insa Thale
- University of Münster, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Albrecht Schwab
- University of Münster, Institute of Physiology II, Robert-Koch-Straße 27b, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Martina Düfer
- University of Münster, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacology, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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12
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Nicolini G, Balzan S, Forini F. Activated fibroblasts in cardiac and cancer fibrosis: An overview of analogies and new potential therapeutic options. Life Sci 2023; 321:121575. [PMID: 36933828 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Heart disease and cancer are two major causes of morbidity and mortality in the industrialized countries, and their increasingly recognized connections are shifting the focus from single disease studies to an interdisciplinary approach. Fibroblast-mediated intercellular crosstalk is critically involved in the evolution of both pathologies. In healthy myocardium and in non-cancerous conditions, resident fibroblasts are the main cell source for synthesis of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and important sentinels of tissue integrity. In the setting of myocardial disease or cancer, quiescent fibroblasts activate, respectively, into myofibroblasts (myoFbs) and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), characterized by increased production of contractile proteins, and by a highly proliferative and secretory phenotype. Although the initial activation of myoFbs/CAFs is an adaptive process to repair the damaged tissue, massive deposition of ECM proteins leads to maladaptive cardiac or cancer fibrosis, a recognized marker of adverse outcome. A better understanding of the key mechanisms orchestrating fibroblast hyperactivity may help developing innovative therapeutic options to restrain myocardial or tumor stiffness and improve patient prognosis. Albeit still unappreciated, the dynamic transition of myocardial and tumor fibroblasts into myoFbs and CAFs shares several common triggers and signaling pathways relevant to TGF-β dependent cascade, metabolic reprogramming, mechanotransduction, secretory properties, and epigenetic regulation, which might lay the foundation for future antifibrotic intervention. Therefore, the aim of this review is to highlight emerging analogies in the molecular signature underlying myoFbs and CAFs activation with the purpose of identifying novel prognostic/diagnostic biomarkers, and to elucidate the potential of drug repositioning strategies to mitigate cardiac/cancer fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvana Balzan
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Via G.Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Forini
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Via G.Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
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13
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Thale I, Maskri S, Grey L, Todesca LM, Budde T, Maisuls I, Strassert CA, Koch O, Schwab A, Wünsch B. Imaging of K Ca 3.1 Channels in Tumor Cells with PET and Small-Molecule Fluorescent Probes. ChemMedChem 2023; 18:e202200551. [PMID: 36315933 PMCID: PMC10098740 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The Ca2+ activated K+ channel KCa 3.1 is overexpressed in several human tumor cell lines, e. g. clear cell renal carcinoma, prostate cancer, non-small cell lung cancer. Highly aggressive cancer cells use this ion channel for key processes of the metastatic cascade such as migration, extravasation and invasion. Therefore, small molecules, which are able to image this KCa 3.1 channel in vitro and in vivo represent valuable diagnostic and prognostic tool compounds. The [18 F]fluoroethyltriazolyl substituted senicapoc was used as positron emission tomography (PET) tracer and showed promising properties for imaging of KCa 3.1 channels in lung adenocarcinoma cells in mice. The novel senicapoc BODIPY conjugates with two F-atoms (9 a) and with a F-atom and a methoxy moiety (9 b) at the B-atom led to the characteristic punctate staining pattern resulting from labeling of single KCa 3.1 channels in A549-3R cells. This punctate pattern was completely removed by preincubation with an excess of senicapoc confirming the high specificity of KCa 3.1 labeling. Due to the methoxy moiety at the B-atom and the additional oxyethylene unit in the spacer, 9 b exhibits higher polarity, which improves solubility and handling without reduction of fluorescence quantum yield. Docking studies using a cryo-electron microscopy (EM) structure of the KCa 3.1 channel confirmed the interaction of 9 a and 9 b with a binding pocket in the channel pore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Insa Thale
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, GRK 2515, Chemical biology of ion channels (Chembion), Corrensstraße 48, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Corrensstraße 48, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Sarah Maskri
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, GRK 2515, Chemical biology of ion channels (Chembion), Corrensstraße 48, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Corrensstraße 48, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Lucie Grey
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Corrensstraße 48, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Luca Matteo Todesca
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, GRK 2515, Chemical biology of ion channels (Chembion), Corrensstraße 48, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Institute of Physiology II, Robert-Koch-Straße 27b, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Budde
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, GRK 2515, Chemical biology of ion channels (Chembion), Corrensstraße 48, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Institute of Physiology I, Robert-Koch-Straße 27a, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Ivan Maisuls
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie CiMIC, SoN, Corrensstraße 28, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, CeNTech, Heisenbergstraße 11, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Cristian A Strassert
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie CiMIC, SoN, Corrensstraße 28, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, CeNTech, Heisenbergstraße 11, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Oliver Koch
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, GRK 2515, Chemical biology of ion channels (Chembion), Corrensstraße 48, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Corrensstraße 48, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Albrecht Schwab
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, GRK 2515, Chemical biology of ion channels (Chembion), Corrensstraße 48, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Institute of Physiology II, Robert-Koch-Straße 27b, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Bernhard Wünsch
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, GRK 2515, Chemical biology of ion channels (Chembion), Corrensstraße 48, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Corrensstraße 48, 48149, Münster, Germany
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14
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Rai P, Desai PC, Ataga KI. The Evolving Landscape of Drug Therapies for Sickle Cell Disease. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2022; 36:1285-1312. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2022.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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15
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Wulff H, Braun AP, Alper SL. Can KCa3.1 channel activators serve as novel inhibitors of platelet aggregation? J Thromb Haemost 2022; 20:2488-2490. [PMID: 36271464 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heike Wulff
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Andrew P Braun
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Seth L Alper
- Division of Nephrology and Vascular Biology Research Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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16
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Ticagrelor vs placebo for the reduction of vaso-occlusive crises in pediatric sickle cell disease: the HESTIA3 study. Blood 2022; 140:1470-1481. [PMID: 35849650 PMCID: PMC9523370 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021014095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The phase 3 HESTIA3 study assessed the efficacy and safety of the reversible P2Y12 inhibitor ticagrelor vs placebo in preventing vaso-occlusive crises in pediatric patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). Patients aged 2 to 17 years were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive weight-based doses of ticagrelor or matching placebo. The primary end point was the rate of vaso-occlusive crises, a composite of painful crises and/or acute chest syndrome (ACS). Key secondary end points included number and duration of painful crises, number of ACS events, and number of vaso-occlusive crises requiring hospitalization or emergency department visits. Exploratory end points included the effect of ticagrelor on platelet activation. In total, 193 patients (ticagrelor, n = 101; placebo, n = 92) underwent randomization at 53 sites across 16 countries. The study was terminated 4 months before planned completion for lack of efficacy. Median ticagrelor exposure duration was 296.5 days. The primary end point was not met: estimated yearly incidence of vaso-occlusive crises was 2.74 in the ticagrelor group and 2.60 in the placebo group (rate ratio, 1.06; 95% confidence interval, 0.75-1.50; P = .7597). There was no evidence of efficacy for ticagrelor vs placebo across secondary end points. Median platelet inhibition with ticagrelor at 6 months was 34.9% predose and 55.7% at 2 hours' postdose. Nine patients (9%) in the ticagrelor group and eight patients (9%) in the placebo group had at least one bleeding event. In conclusion, no reduction of vaso-occlusive crises was seen with ticagrelor vs placebo in these pediatric patients with SCD. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT03615924.
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17
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Konken CP, Heßling K, Thale I, Schelhaas S, Dabel J, Maskri S, Bulk E, Budde T, Koch O, Schwab A, Schäfers M, Wünsch B. Imaging of the calcium activated potassium channel 3.1 (K Ca 3.1) in vivo using a senicapoc-derived positron emission tomography tracer. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2022; 355:e2200388. [PMID: 36161669 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The calcium-activated potassium channel 3.1 (KCa 3.1) is overexpressed in many tumor entities and has predictive power concerning disease progression and outcome. Imaging of the KCa 3.1 channel in vivo using a radiotracer for positron emission tomography (PET) could therefore establish a potentially powerful diagnostic tool. Senicapoc shows high affinity and excellent selectivity toward the KCa 3.1 channel. We have successfully pursued the synthesis of the 18 F-labeled derivative [18 F]3 of senicapoc using the prosthetic group approach with 1-azido-2-[18 F]fluoroethane ([18 F]6) in a "click" reaction. The biological activity of the new PET tracer was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Inhibition of the KCa 3.1 channel by 3 was demonstrated by patch clamp experiments and the binding pose was analyzed by docking studies. In mouse and human serum, [18 F]3 was stable for at least one half-life of [18 F]fluorine. Biodistribution experiments in wild-type mice were promising, showing rapid and predominantly renal excretion. An in vivo study using A549-based tumor-bearing mice was performed. The tumor signal could be delineated and image analysis showed a tumor-to-muscle ratio of 1.47 ± 0.24. The approach using 1-azido-2-[18 F]fluoroethane seems to be a good general strategy to achieve triarylacetamide-based fluorinated PET tracers for imaging of the KCa 3.1 channel in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian P Konken
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Kathrin Heßling
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Westphalian Wilhelms-University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Insa Thale
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Westphalian Wilhelms-University Münster, Münster, Germany.,GRK 2515, Chemical Biology of Ion Channels (Chembion), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sonja Schelhaas
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), Westphalian Wilhelms-University Münster, Münster, Germany.,Cells-in-Motion Interfaculty Center, Westphalian Wilhelms-University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jennifer Dabel
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), Westphalian Wilhelms-University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sarah Maskri
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Westphalian Wilhelms-University Münster, Münster, Germany.,GRK 2515, Chemical Biology of Ion Channels (Chembion), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Etmar Bulk
- Institute for Physiology II, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Budde
- GRK 2515, Chemical Biology of Ion Channels (Chembion), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany.,Institute for Physiology I, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Oliver Koch
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Westphalian Wilhelms-University Münster, Münster, Germany.,GRK 2515, Chemical Biology of Ion Channels (Chembion), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Albrecht Schwab
- GRK 2515, Chemical Biology of Ion Channels (Chembion), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany.,Institute for Physiology II, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Schäfers
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.,European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), Westphalian Wilhelms-University Münster, Münster, Germany.,Cells-in-Motion Interfaculty Center, Westphalian Wilhelms-University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Bernhard Wünsch
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Westphalian Wilhelms-University Münster, Münster, Germany.,GRK 2515, Chemical Biology of Ion Channels (Chembion), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany.,Cells-in-Motion Interfaculty Center, Westphalian Wilhelms-University Münster, Münster, Germany
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18
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Rivera A, Nasburg JA, Shim H, Shmukler BE, Kitten J, Wohlgemuth JG, Dlott JS, Snyder LM, Brugnara C, Wulff H, Alper SL. The erythroid K-Cl cotransport inhibitor [(dihydroindenyl)oxy]acetic acid blocks erythroid Ca 2+-activated K + channel KCNN4. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C694-C705. [PMID: 35848620 PMCID: PMC9448282 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00240.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Red cell volume is a major determinant of HbS concentration in sickle cell disease. Cellular deoxy-HbS concentration determines the delay time, the interval between HbS deoxygenation and deoxy-HbS polymerization. Major membrane transporter protein determinants of sickle red cell volume include the SLC12/KCC K-Cl cotransporters KCC3/SLC12A6 and KCC1/SLC12A4, and the KCNN4/KCa3.1 Ca2+-activated K+ channel (Gardos channel). Among standard inhibitors of KCC-mediated K-Cl cotransport, only [(dihydroindenyl)oxy]acetic acid (DIOA) has been reported to lack inhibitory activity against the related bumetanide-sensitive erythroid Na-K-2Cl cotransporter NKCC1/SLC12A2. DIOA has been often used to inhibit K-Cl cotransport when studying the expression and regulation of other K+ transporters and K+ channels. We report here that DIOA at concentrations routinely used to inhibit K-Cl cotransport can also abrogate activity of the KCNN4/KCa3.1 Gardos channel in human and mouse red cells and in human sickle red cells. DIOA inhibition of A23187-stimulated erythroid K+ uptake (Gardos channel activity) was chloride-independent and persisted in mouse red cells genetically devoid of the principal K-Cl cotransporters KCC3 and KCC1. DIOA also inhibited YODA1-stimulated, chloride-independent erythroid K+ uptake. In contrast, DIOA exhibited no inhibitory effect on K+ influx into A23187-treated red cells of Kcnn4-/- mice. DIOA inhibition of human KCa3.1 was validated (IC50 42 µM) by whole cell patch clamp in HEK-293 cells. RosettaLigand docking experiments identified a potential binding site for DIOA in the fenestration region of human KCa3.1. We conclude that DIOA at concentrations routinely used to inhibit K-Cl cotransport can also block the KCNN4/KCa3.1 Gardos channel in normal and sickle red cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Rivera
- Division of Nephrology and Vascular Biology Research Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joshua A Nasburg
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Heesung Shim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Boris E Shmukler
- Division of Nephrology and Vascular Biology Research Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | | | - Carlo Brugnara
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Heike Wulff
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Seth L Alper
- Division of Nephrology and Vascular Biology Research Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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19
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Lee MT, Ogu UO. Sickle Cell Disease in the New Era: Advances in Drug Treatment. Transfus Apher Sci 2022; 61:103555. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2022.103555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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Laska MJ, Møller JB, Graversen JH, Strøbæk D, Blomster L, Christophersen P, Bahrami S. Retroviral glycoprotein-mediated immune suppression via the potassium channel KCa3.1 - A new strategy for amelioration of inflammatory bowel diseases. Clin Immunol 2022; 242:109081. [PMID: 35905828 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2022.109081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Peptides derived from retroviral envelope proteins have been shown to possess a wide range of immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory activities. We have previously reported identification of such a peptide derived from the envelope protein coded by a human endogenous retrovirus (HERV). In this study, we identified that in vitro the peptide inhibits the KCa3.1 potassium channel, a potential target for therapy of immune diseases. We describe in vitro ENV59-GP3 effects with respect to potency of inhibition on KCa3.1 channels and calcium influx. Furthermore, we asses in vivo the effect of blocking KCa3.1 with ENV59-GP3 peptide or KCa3.1-blocker NS6180 on protection against DSS-induced acute colitis. ENV59-GP3 peptide treatment showed reduction of the disease score in the DSS-induced acute colitis mice model, which was comparable to effects of the KCa3.1 channel blocker NS6180. Analysis of cytokine production from DSS-mice model treated animals revealed equipotent inhibitory effects of the ENV59-GP3 and NS6180 compounds on the production of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β. These findings altogether suggest that ENV59-GP3 functions as a KCa3.1 channel inhibitor and underline the implications of using virus derived channel blockers for treatment of autoimmune diseases. Additionally, they open the possibilities whether KCa3.1 inhibition is efficacious in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena J Laska
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Denmark.
| | - Jesper Bonnet Møller
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
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21
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Zanfardino S, Mazziotto V, Bodas P. Black Americans' willingness to participate in pediatric sickle cell clinical trials: A retrospective, systematic review. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2022; 69:e29580. [PMID: 35188337 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.29580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Black individuals are underrepresented in randomized clinical trials (RCTs). Willingness to participate is a frequently cited explanation. However, the few studies that have investigated willingness to participate demonstrated no difference between Black individuals and other groups. We sought to measure willingness to participate by focusing on sickle cell disease (SCD), in which approximately 90% of affected individuals are Black. We conducted an analysis of 17 RCTs. A level of clarity was defined and correlated with each article's transparency in reporting patient enrollment data. Calculated measures of acceptance ranged from 32% to 93.5%. Calculated completion rates ranged from 58.8% to 100%. Weighted measures of acceptance and completion were 59.1% and 83.8%, respectively. Our study is limited by focusing solely on studies pertinent to SCD and only a minority of publications reviewed provided sufficient patient enrollment data. Yet, our results suggest that decreased willingness to participate does not account for underrepresentation of Black individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Zanfardino
- Department of Hematology and Oncology at Akron Children's Hospital, Akron, Ohio, USA
| | - Volha Mazziotto
- Department of Hematology and Oncology at Akron Children's Hospital, Akron, Ohio, USA
| | - Prasad Bodas
- Department of Hematology and Oncology at Akron Children's Hospital, Akron, Ohio, USA
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22
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Granfeldt A, Andersen LW, Vallentin MF, Hilberg O, Hasselstrøm JB, Sørensen LK, Mogensen S, Christensen S, Grejs AM, Rasmussen BS, Kristiansen KT, Strøm T, Johansen IS, Schjørring OL, Simonsen U. Senicapoc treatment in COVID-19 patients with severe respiratory insufficiency-A randomized, open-label, phase II trial. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2022; 66:838-846. [PMID: 35403225 PMCID: PMC9111301 DOI: 10.1111/aas.14072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the current study was to determine if treatment with senicapoc, improves the PaO2 /FiO2 ratio in patients with COVID-19 and severe respiratory insufficiency. METHODS Investigator-initiated, randomized, open-label, phase II trial in four intensive care units (ICU) in Denmark. We included patients aged ≥18 years and admitted to an ICU with severe respiratory insufficiency due to COVID-19. The intervention consisted of 50 mg enteral senicapoc administered as soon as possible after randomization and again after 24 h. Patients in the control group received standard care only. The primary outcome was the PaO2 /FiO2 ratio at 72 h. RESULTS Twenty patients were randomized to senicapoc and 26 patients to standard care. Important differences existed in patient characteristics at baseline, including more patients being on non-invasive/invasive ventilation in the control group (54% vs. 35%). The median senicapoc concentration at 72 h was 62.1 ng/ml (IQR 46.7-71.2). The primary outcome, PaO2 /FiO2 ratio at 72 h, was significantly lower in the senicapoc group (mean 19.5 kPa, SD 6.6) than in the control group (mean 24.4 kPa, SD 9.2) (mean difference -5.1 kPa [95% CI -10.2, -0.04] p = .05). The 28-day mortality in the senicapoc group was 2/20 (10%) compared with 6/26 (23%) in the control group (OR 0.36 95% CI 0.06-2.07, p = .26). CONCLUSIONS Treatment with senicapoc resulted in a significantly lower PaO2 /FiO2 ratio at 72 h with no differences for other outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asger Granfeldt
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
| | - Lars W. Andersen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
- Prehospital Emergency Medical Services Central Denmark Region Denmark
- Research Center for Emergency Medicine Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark
| | - Mikael F. Vallentin
- Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
- Prehospital Emergency Medical Services Central Denmark Region Denmark
| | - Ole Hilberg
- Department of Medicine Vejle Hospital Vejle Denmark
| | - Jørgen B. Hasselstrøm
- Section for Forensic Chemistry, Department of Forensic Medicine Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
| | - Lambert K. Sørensen
- Section for Forensic Chemistry, Department of Forensic Medicine Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
| | - Susie Mogensen
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
| | - Steffen Christensen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
| | - Anders M. Grejs
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
| | - Bodil S. Rasmussen
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Aalborg University Hospital Aalborg Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine Aalborg University Aalborg Denmark
| | | | - Thomas Strøm
- Department of Anesthesiology Odense University Hospital Odense Denmark
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital of Southern Jutland University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark
| | - Isik S. Johansen
- Department of Infectious Diseases Odense University Hospital Odense Denmark
| | - Olav L. Schjørring
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Aalborg University Hospital Aalborg Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine Aalborg University Aalborg Denmark
| | - Ulf Simonsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
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23
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Sahu G, Turner RW. The Molecular Basis for the Calcium-Dependent Slow Afterhyperpolarization in CA1 Hippocampal Pyramidal Neurons. Front Physiol 2022; 12:759707. [PMID: 35002757 PMCID: PMC8730529 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.759707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal signal transmission depends on the frequency, pattern, and timing of spike output, each of which are shaped by spike afterhyperpolarizations (AHPs). There are classically three post-spike AHPs of increasing duration categorized as fast, medium and slow AHPs that hyperpolarize a cell over a range of 10 ms to 30 s. Intensive early work on CA1 hippocampal pyramidal cells revealed that all three AHPs incorporate activation of calcium-gated potassium channels. The ionic basis for a fAHP was rapidly attributed to the actions of big conductance (BK) and the mAHP to small conductance (SK) or Kv7 potassium channels. In stark contrast, the ionic basis for a prominent slow AHP of up to 30 s duration remained an enigma for over 30 years. Recent advances in pharmacological, molecular, and imaging tools have uncovered the expression of a calcium-gated intermediate conductance potassium channel (IK, KCa3.1) in central neurons that proves to contribute to the slow AHP in CA1 hippocampal pyramidal cells. Together the data show that the sAHP arises in part from a core tripartite complex between Cav1.3 (L-type) calcium channels, ryanodine receptors, and IK channels at endoplasmic reticulum-plasma membrane junctions. Work on the sAHP in CA1 pyramidal neurons has again quickened pace, with identified contributions by both IK channels and the Na-K pump providing answers to several mysteries in the pharmacological properties of the sAHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giriraj Sahu
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Ahmedabad, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Ray W Turner
- Department Cell Biology & Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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24
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Cocozza G, Garofalo S, Capitani R, D’Alessandro G, Limatola C. Microglial Potassium Channels: From Homeostasis to Neurodegeneration. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1774. [PMID: 34944418 PMCID: PMC8698630 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing interest in the role of microglia in the progression of many neurodegenerative diseases is developing in an ever-expedited manner, in part thanks to emergent new tools for studying the morphological and functional features of the CNS. The discovery of specific biomarkers of the microglia phenotype could find application in a wide range of human diseases, and creates opportunities for the discovery and development of tailored therapeutic interventions. Among these, recent studies highlight the pivotal role of the potassium channels in regulating microglial functions in physiological and pathological conditions such as Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the involvement of the microglial potassium channels in several neurodegenerative diseases and their role as modulators of microglial homeostasis and dysfunction in CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germana Cocozza
- Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (G.C.); (G.D.)
| | - Stefano Garofalo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.G.); (R.C.)
| | - Riccardo Capitani
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.G.); (R.C.)
| | - Giuseppina D’Alessandro
- Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (G.C.); (G.D.)
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.G.); (R.C.)
| | - Cristina Limatola
- Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (G.C.); (G.D.)
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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25
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Schreiner P, Velasquez MP, Gottschalk S, Zhang J, Fan Y. Unifying heterogeneous expression data to predict targets for CAR-T cell therapy. Oncoimmunology 2021; 10:2000109. [PMID: 34858726 PMCID: PMC8632331 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2021.2000109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy combines antigen-specific properties of monoclonal antibodies with the lytic capacity of T cells. An effective and safe CAR-T cell therapy strategy relies on identifying an antigen that has high expression and is tumor specific. This strategy has been successfully used to treat patients with CD19+ B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). Finding a suitable target antigen for other cancers such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has proven challenging, as the majority of currently targeted AML antigens are also expressed on hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) or mature myeloid cells. Herein, we developed a computational method to perform a data transformation to enable the comparison of publicly available gene expression data across different datasets or assay platforms. The resulting transformed expression values (TEVs) were used in our antigen prediction algorithm to assess suitable tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) that could be targeted with CAR-T cells. We validated this method by identifying B-ALL antigens with known clinical effectiveness, such as CD19 and CD22. Our algorithm predicted TAAs being currently explored preclinically and in clinical CAR-T AML therapy trials, as well as novel TAAs in pediatric megakaryoblastic AML. Thus, this analytical approach presents a promising new strategy to mine diverse datasets for identifying TAAs suitable for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Schreiner
- The Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Mireya Paulina Velasquez
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cell Therapy, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Stephen Gottschalk
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cell Therapy, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jinghui Zhang
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Yiping Fan
- The Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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26
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Petersen AG, Lind PC, Mogensen S, Jensen ASB, Granfeldt A, Simonsen U. Treatment with senicapoc, a KCa3.1 channel blocker, alleviates hypoxemia in a mouse model for acute respiratory distress syndrome. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:2175-2192. [PMID: 34623632 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by pulmonary oedema and severe hypoxaemia. We investigated whether genetic deficit or blockade of calcium-activated potassium (KCa3.1) channels would counteract pulmonary oedema and hypoxaemia in ventilator-induced lung injury, an experimental model for ARDS. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH KCa3.1 channel knockout mice were exposed to ventilator-induced lung injury. Control mice exposed to ventilator-induced lung injury were treated with the KCa3.1 channel inhibitor, senicapoc. The outcomes were oxygenation (PaO2 /FiO2 ratio), lung compliance, lung wet-to-dry weight, and protein and cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). KEY RESULTS Ventilator-induced lung injury resulted in lung oedema, decreased lung compliance, a severe drop in PaO2 /FiO2 ratio, increased protein, neutrophils, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) in BALF from wild-type mice compared to KCa3.1 knockout mice. Pre-treatment with senicapoc (10-70 mg/kg) prevented the reduction in PaO2 /FiO2 ratio, decrease in lung compliance, increased protein, and TNFα. Senicapoc (30 mg/kg) reduced histopathological lung injury score and neutrophils in BALF. After injurious ventilation, administration of 30 mg/kg senicapoc also improved the PaO2 /FiO2 ratio and reduced lung injury score and neutrophils in the BALF compared to vehicle-treated mice. In human lung epithelial cells, senicapoc decreased TNFα-induced permeability. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Genetic deficiency of KCa3.1 channels and senicapoc improved the PaO2 /FiO2 ratio and decreased the cytokines after a ventilator-induced lung injury. Moreover, senicapoc directly affects lung epithelial cells and blocks neutrophil infiltration of the injured lung. These findings open the perspective that blocking KCa3.1 channels is a potential treatment in ARDS-like disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asbjørn Graver Petersen
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Peter Carøe Lind
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Susie Mogensen
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anne-Sophie Bonde Jensen
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Asger Granfeldt
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Anaesthesiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Intensive care, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Randers Regional Hospital, Randers, Denmark
| | - Ulf Simonsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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27
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Brömmel K, Konken CP, Börgel F, Obeng-Darko H, Schelhaas S, Bulk E, Budde T, Schwab A, Schäfers M, Wünsch B. Synthesis and biological evaluation of PET tracers designed for imaging of calcium activated potassium channel 3.1 (K Ca3.1) channels in vivo. RSC Adv 2021; 11:30295-30304. [PMID: 35480282 PMCID: PMC9041111 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03850h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of the Ca2+ activated potassium channel 3.1 (KCa3.1) channel (also known as the Gàrdos channel) is dysregulated in many tumor entities and has predictive power with respect to patient survival. Therefore, a positron emission tomography (PET) tracer targeting this ion channel could serve as a potential diagnostic tool by imaging the KCa3.1 channel in vivo. It was envisaged to synthesize [18F]senicapoc ([18F]1) since senicapoc (1) shows high affinity and excellent selectivity towards the KCa3.1 channels. Because problems occurred during 18F-fluorination, the [18F]fluoroethoxy senicapoc derivative [18F]28 was synthesized to generate an alternative PET tracer targeting the KCa3.1 channel. Inhibition of the KCa3.1 channel by 28 was confirmed by patch clamp experiments. In vitro stability in mouse and human serum was shown for 28. Furthermore, biodistribution experiments in wild type mice were performed. Since [18F]fluoride was detected in vivo after application of [18F]28, an in vitro metabolism study was conducted. A potential degradation route of fluoroethoxy derivatives in vivo was found which in general should be taken into account when designing new PET tracers for different targets with a [18F]fluoroethoxy moiety as well as when using the popular prosthetic group [18F]fluoroethyl tosylate for the alkylation of phenols. Expression of the Ca2+ activated potassium channel 3.1 (KCa3.1) channel (also known as the Gàrdos channel) is dysregulated in many tumor entities and has predictive power with respect to patient survival.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Brömmel
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Westphalian Wilhelms-University Münster Corrensstraße 48 D-48149 Münster Germany
| | - Christian Paul Konken
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1 Building A1 D-48149 Münster Germany +49-8347363 +49-251-8344791
| | - Frederik Börgel
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Westphalian Wilhelms-University Münster Corrensstraße 48 D-48149 Münster Germany
| | - Henry Obeng-Darko
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Westphalian Wilhelms-University Münster Corrensstraße 48 D-48149 Münster Germany
| | - Sonja Schelhaas
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), Westphalian Wilhelms-University Münster Waldeyerstraße 15 D-48149 Münster Germany
| | - Etmar Bulk
- Institute for Physiology II, University Hospital Münster Robert-Koch-Straße 27b D-48149 Münster Germany
| | - Thomas Budde
- Institute for Physiology I, University Hospital Münster Robert-Koch-Straße 27a D-48149 Münster Germany.,Cells-in-Motion Interfaculty Center, Westphalian Wilhelms-University Münster Waldeyerstraße 15 D-84149 Münster Germany
| | - Albrecht Schwab
- Institute for Physiology II, University Hospital Münster Robert-Koch-Straße 27b D-48149 Münster Germany.,Cells-in-Motion Interfaculty Center, Westphalian Wilhelms-University Münster Waldeyerstraße 15 D-84149 Münster Germany
| | - Michael Schäfers
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1 Building A1 D-48149 Münster Germany +49-8347363 +49-251-8344791.,European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), Westphalian Wilhelms-University Münster Waldeyerstraße 15 D-48149 Münster Germany.,Cells-in-Motion Interfaculty Center, Westphalian Wilhelms-University Münster Waldeyerstraße 15 D-84149 Münster Germany
| | - Bernhard Wünsch
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Westphalian Wilhelms-University Münster Corrensstraße 48 D-48149 Münster Germany.,Cells-in-Motion Interfaculty Center, Westphalian Wilhelms-University Münster Waldeyerstraße 15 D-84149 Münster Germany
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28
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Cocozza G, Garofalo S, Morotti M, Chece G, Grimaldi A, Lecce M, Scavizzi F, Menghini R, Casagrande V, Federici M, Raspa M, Wulff H, Limatola C. The feeding behaviour of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis mouse models is modulated by the Ca 2+ -activated K Ca 3.1 channels. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:4891-4906. [PMID: 34411281 PMCID: PMC9293222 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients exhibit dysfunctional energy metabolism and weight loss, which is negatively correlated with survival, together with neuroinflammation. However, the possible contribution of neuroinflammation to deregulations of feeding behaviour in ALS has not been studied in detail. We here investigated if microglial KCa 3.1 is linked to hypothalamic neuroinflammation and affects feeding behaviours in ALS mouse models. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH hSOD1G93A and TDP43A315T mice were treated daily with 120 mg·kg-1 of TRAM-34 or vehicle by intraperitoneal injection from the presymptomatic until the disease onset phase. Body weight and food intake were measured weekly. The later by weighing food provided minus that left in the cage. RT-PCR and immunofluorescence analysis were used to characterize microglia phenotype and the main populations of melanocortin neurons in the hypothalamus of hSOD1G93A and age-matched non-tg mice. The cannabinoid-opioid interactions in feeding behaviour of hSOD1G93A mice were studied using an inverse agonist and an antagonist of the cannabinoid receptor CB1 (rimonabant) and μ-opioid receptors (naloxone), respectively. KEY RESULTS We found that treatment of hSOD1G93A mice with the KCa 3.1 inhibitor TRAM-34 (i), attenuates the pro-inflammatory phenotype of hypothalamic microglia, (ii) increases food intake and promotes weight gain, (iii) increases the number of healthy pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons and (iv), changes the expression of cannabinoid receptors involved in energy homeostasis. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Using ALS mouse models, we describe defects in the hypothalamic melanocortin system that affect appetite control. These results reveal a new regulatory role for KCa 3.1 to counteract weight loss in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germana Cocozza
- Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Stefano Garofalo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Morotti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Chece
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alfonso Grimaldi
- Center for Life Nanoscience, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia@Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Lecce
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Rossella Menghini
- Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana Casagrande
- Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Federici
- Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Heike Wulff
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Cristina Limatola
- Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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29
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TRPM2 Oxidation Activates Two Distinct Potassium Channels in Melanoma Cells through Intracellular Calcium Increase. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168359. [PMID: 34445066 PMCID: PMC8393965 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor microenvironments are often characterized by an increase in oxidative stress levels. We studied the response to oxidative stimulation in human primary (IGR39) or metastatic (IGR37) cell lines obtained from the same patient, performing patch-clamp recordings, intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) imaging, and RT-qPCR gene expression analysis. In IGR39 cells, chloramine-T (Chl-T) activated large K+ currents (KROS) that were partially sensitive to tetraethylammonium (TEA). A large fraction of KROS was inhibited by paxilline—a specific inhibitor of large-conductance Ca2+-activated BK channels. The TEA-insensitive component was inhibited by senicapoc—a specific inhibitor of the Ca2+-activated KCa3.1 channel. Both BK and KCa3.1 activation were mediated by an increase in [Ca2+]i induced by Chl-T. Both KROS and [Ca2+]i increase were inhibited by ACA and clotrimazole—two different inhibitors of the calcium-permeable TRPM2 channel. Surprisingly, IGR37 cells did not exhibit current increase upon the application of Chl-T. Expression analysis confirmed that the genes encoding BK, KCa3.1, and TRPM2 are much more expressed in IGR39 than in IGR37. The potassium currents and [Ca2+]i increase observed in response to the oxidizing agent strongly suggest that these three molecular entities play a major role in the progression of melanoma. Pharmacological targeting of either of these ion channels could be a new strategy to reduce the metastatic potential of melanoma cells, and could complement classical radio- or chemotherapeutic treatments.
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30
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Jankovsky N, Caulier A, Demagny J, Guitton C, Djordjevic S, Lebon D, Ouled‐Haddou H, Picard V, Garçon L. Recent advances in the pathophysiology of PIEZO1-related hereditary xerocytosis. Am J Hematol 2021; 96:1017-1026. [PMID: 33848364 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.26192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hereditary xerocytosis is a rare red blood cell disease related to gain-of-function mutations in the FAM38A gene, encoding PIEZO1, in 90% of cases; PIEZO1 is a broadly expressed mechano-transducer that plays a major role in many cell systems and tissues that respond to mechanical stress. In erythrocytes, PIEZO1 adapts the intracellular ionic content and cell hydration status to the mechanical constraints induced by the environment. Until recently, the pathophysiology of hereditary xerocytosis was mainly believed to be based on the "PIEZO1-Gardos channel axis" in erythrocytes, according to which PIEZO1-activating mutations induce a calcium influx that secondarily activates the Gardos channel, leading to potassium and water efflux and subsequently to red blood cell dehydration. However, recent studies have demonstrated additional roles for PIEZO1 during early erythropoiesis and reticulocyte maturation, as well as roles in other tissues and cells such as lymphatic vessels, hepatocytes, macrophages and platelets that may affect the pathophysiology of the disease. These findings, presented and discussed in this review, broaden our understanding of hereditary xerocytosis beyond that of primarily being a red blood cell disease and identify potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Jankovsky
- UR4666 HEMATIM Université Picardie Jules Verne Amiens France
- Service d'Hématologie Clinique, CHU Amiens‐Picardie Amiens France
| | - Alexis Caulier
- UR4666 HEMATIM Université Picardie Jules Verne Amiens France
- Service d'Hématologie Clinique, CHU Amiens‐Picardie Amiens France
| | - Julien Demagny
- UR4666 HEMATIM Université Picardie Jules Verne Amiens France
- Service d'Hématologie Biologique, CHU Amiens‐Picardie Amiens France
| | - Corinne Guitton
- Service de Pédiatrie Générale, CHU Bicêtre Le Kremlin‐Bicêtre France
- Centre de référence des maladies constitutionnelles du globule rouge et de l'érythropoïèse (Filière MCGRE) Créteil France
| | | | - Delphine Lebon
- UR4666 HEMATIM Université Picardie Jules Verne Amiens France
- Service d'Hématologie Clinique, CHU Amiens‐Picardie Amiens France
| | | | - Véronique Picard
- Centre de référence des maladies constitutionnelles du globule rouge et de l'érythropoïèse (Filière MCGRE) Créteil France
- Service d'Hématologie Biologique, CHU Bicêtre Le Kremlin‐Bicêtre France
- Faculté de Pharmacie Université Paris Saclay Châtenay‐Malabry France
| | - Loïc Garçon
- UR4666 HEMATIM Université Picardie Jules Verne Amiens France
- Service d'Hématologie Biologique, CHU Amiens‐Picardie Amiens France
- Centre de référence des maladies constitutionnelles du globule rouge et de l'érythropoïèse (Filière MCGRE) Créteil France
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31
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The Gardos effect drives erythrocyte senescence and leads to Lu/BCAM and CD44 adhesion molecule activation. Blood Adv 2021; 4:6218-6229. [PMID: 33351118 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020003077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Senescence of erythrocytes is characterized by a series of changes that precede their removal from the circulation, including loss of red cell hydration, membrane shedding, loss of deformability, phosphatidyl serine exposure, reduced membrane sialic acid content, and adhesion molecule activation. Little is known about the mechanisms that initiate these changes nor is it known whether they are interrelated. In this study, we show that Ca2+-dependent K+ efflux (the Gardos effect) drives erythrocyte senescence. We found that increased intracellular Ca2+ activates the Gardos channel, leading to shedding of glycophorin-C (GPC)-containing vesicles. This results in a loss of erythrocyte deformability but also in a marked loss of membrane sialic acid content. We found that GPC-derived sialic acid residues suppress activity of both Lutheran/basal cell adhesion molecule (Lu/BCAM) and CD44 by the formation of a complex on the erythrocyte membrane, and Gardos channel-mediated shedding of GPC results in Lu/BCAM and CD44 activation. This phenomenon was observed as erythrocytes aged and on erythrocytes that were otherwise prone to clearance from the circulation, such as sickle erythrocytes, erythrocytes stored for transfusion, or artificially dehydrated erythrocytes. These novel findings provide a unifying concept on erythrocyte senescence in health and disease through initiation of the Gardos effect.
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32
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Sadaf A, Quinn CT, Korpik JB, Pfeiffer A, Reynaud M, Niss O, Malik P, Ware RE, Kalfa TA, McGann PT. Rapid and automated quantitation of dense red blood cells: A robust biomarker of hydroxyurea treatment response. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2021; 90:102576. [PMID: 34020272 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2021.102576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alina Sadaf
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Charles T Quinn
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America; Division of Hematology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America; Erythrocyte Diagnostic Laboratory, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Jennifer B Korpik
- Erythrocyte Diagnostic Laboratory, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Amanda Pfeiffer
- Division of Hematology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Mary Reynaud
- Erythrocyte Diagnostic Laboratory, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Omar Niss
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America; Division of Hematology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Punam Malik
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America; Division of Hematology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Russell E Ware
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America; Division of Hematology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Theodosia A Kalfa
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America; Division of Hematology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America; Erythrocyte Diagnostic Laboratory, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Patrick T McGann
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America; Division of Hematology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America.
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Petersen AG, Lind PC, Jensen ASB, Eggertsen MA, Granfeldt A, Simonsen U. Treatment with senicapoc in a porcine model of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Intensive Care Med Exp 2021; 9:20. [PMID: 33870468 PMCID: PMC8053424 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-021-00381-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Senicapoc is a potent and selective blocker of KCa3.1, a calcium-activated potassium channel of intermediate conductance. In the present study, we investigated whether there is a beneficial effect of senicapoc in a large animal model of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The primary end point was the PaO2/FiO2 ratio. Methods ARDS was induced in female pigs (42–49 kg) by repeated lung lavages followed by injurious mechanical ventilation. Animals were then randomly assigned to vehicle (n = 9) or intravenous senicapoc (10 mg, n = 9) and received lung-protective ventilation for 6 h. Results Final senicapoc plasma concentrations were 67 ± 18 nM (n = 9). Senicapoc failed to change the primary endpoint PaO2/FiO2 ratio (senicapoc, 133 ± 23 mmHg; vehicle, 149 ± 68 mmHg). Lung compliance remained similar in the two groups. Senicapoc reduced the level of white blood cells and neutrophils, while the proinflammatory cytokines TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6 in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were unaltered 6 h after induction of the lung injury. Senicapoc-treatment reduced the level of neutrophils in the alveolar space but with no difference between groups in the cumulative lung injury score. Histological analysis of pulmonary hemorrhage indicated a positive effect of senicapoc on alveolar–capillary barrier function, but this was not supported by measurements of albumin content and total protein in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Conclusions In summary, senicapoc failed to improve the primary endpoint PaO2/FiO2 ratio, but reduced pulmonary hemorrhage and the influx of neutrophils into the lung. These findings open the perspective that blocking KCa3.1 channels is a potential treatment to reduce alveolar neutrophil accumulation and improve long-term outcome in ARDS. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40635-021-00381-z.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter C Lind
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | - Asger Granfeldt
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Anesthesiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark. .,Department of Intensive Care, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99 G304, 8200, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Ulf Simonsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Abstract
Neoplastic transformation is reportedly associated with alterations of the potassium transport across plasma and intracellular membranes. These alterations have been identified as crucial elements of the tumourigenic reprogramming of cells. Potassium channels may contribute to cancer initiation, malignant progression and therapy resistance of tumour cells. The book chapter focusses on (oncogenic) potassium channels frequently upregulated in different tumour entities, upstream and downstream signalling of these channels, their contribution to the maintenance of cancer stemness and the formation of an immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment. In addition, their role in adaptation to tumour hypoxia, metabolic reprogramming, as well as tumour spreading and metastasis is discussed. Finally, we discuss how (oncogenic) potassium channels may confer treatment resistance of tumours against radiation and chemotherapy and thus might be harnessed for new therapy strategies, for instance, by repurposing approved drugs known to target potassium channels.
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Hansen FB, Secher N, Mattson T, Løfgren B, Simonsen U, Granfeldt A. Effect of the KCa3.1 blocker, senicapoc, on cerebral edema and cardiovascular function after cardiac arrest - A randomized experimental rat study. Resusc Plus 2021; 6:100111. [PMID: 34223371 PMCID: PMC8244250 DOI: 10.1016/j.resplu.2021.100111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Senicapoc was successfully administered intravenously. Senicapoc did not reduce cerebral edema 4 h after cardiac arrest. Senicapoc did not increase mean arterial pressure within 4 h from resuscitation.
Aim Formation of cerebral edema and cardiovascular dysfunction may worsen brain injury following cardiac arrest. We hypothesized that administration of the intermediate calcium-activated potassium (KCa3.1) channel blocker, senicapoc, would reduce cerebral edema and augment mean arterial pressure in the early post-resuscitation period. Method Male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 11–15 weeks, were utilized in the study. Rats were exposed to 8 min of asphyxial cardiac arrest. Shortly after resuscitation, rats were randomized to receive either vehicle or senicapoc (10 mg/kg) intravenously. The primary outcome was cerebral wet to dry weight ratio 4 h after resuscitation. Secondary outcomes included mean arterial pressure, cardiac output, norepinephrine dose, inflammatory cytokines and neuron specific enolase levels. Additionally, a sub-study was conducted to validate intravenous administration of senicapoc. Results The sub-study revealed that senicapoc-treated rats maintained a significantly higher mean arterial pressure during administration of SKA-31 (a KCa3.1 channel opener). The plasma concentration of senicapoc was 1060 ± 303 ng/ml 4 h after administration. Senicapoc did not reduce cerebral edema or augment mean arterial pressure 4 h after resuscitation. Likewise, cardiac function and norepinephrine dose did not vary between groups. Inflammatory cytokines and neuron specific enolase levels increased in both groups after resuscitation with no difference between groups. Senicapoc enhanced the PaO2/FiO2 ratio significantly 4 h after resuscitation. Conclusion Senicapoc was successfully administered intravenously after resuscitation, but did not reduce cerebral edema or increase mean arterial pressure in the early post-resuscitation period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Boe Hansen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 4, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Blvd. 82, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Niels Secher
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Blvd. 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Thomas Mattson
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Blvd. 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Bo Løfgren
- Department of Internal Medicine, Randers Regional Hospital, Skovlyvej 15, 8930 Randers NE, Denmark.,Research Center for Emergency Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Blvd. 161, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Ulf Simonsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 4, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Asger Granfeldt
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Blvd. 82, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.,Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Blvd. 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
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Sørensen LK, Petersen A, Granfeldt A, Simonsen U, Hasselstrøm JB. A validated UHPLC-MS/MS method for rapid determination of senicapoc in plasma samples. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 197:113956. [PMID: 33626443 PMCID: PMC7869607 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.113956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The clinically tested KCa3.1 channel blocker, senicapoc, has been proven to have excellent pharmacological properties and prior clinical trials found it to be safe for use in patients with sickle cell anaemia. Currently, several preclinical projects are aiming to repurpose senicapoc for other indications, but well-described analytical methods in the literature are lacking. Our aim was to develop a sensitive, rapid and accurate ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method using pneumatically assisted electrospray ionisation (UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS) suitable for the determination of senicapoc in plasma samples. Unfortunately, direct analysis of senicapoc in crude acetonitrile extracts of human plasma samples by UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS was subjected to significant and variable ion suppression from coeluting phospholipids (PLs). The interferences were mainly caused by the presence of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine classes of PLs, including their lyso-products. However, the PLs were easily removed from crude extracts by filtration through a sorbent with Lewis acid properties which decreased the total ion suppression effect to approximately 5%. Based on this technique, a simple high-throughput UHPLC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for the determination of senicapoc in 100-μL plasma samples. The lower limit of quantification was 0.1 ng/mL. The mean true extraction recovery was close to 100 %. The relative intra-laboratory reproducibility standard deviations of the measured concentrations were 8% and 4% at concentrations of 0.1 ng/mL and 250 ng/mL, respectively. The trueness expressed as the relative bias of the test results was within ± 2% at concentrations of 1 ng/mL or higher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lambert K Sørensen
- Section for Forensic Chemistry, Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark.
| | - Asbjørn Petersen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 3, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Asger Granfeldt
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Anaesthesiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 35, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Ulf Simonsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 3, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jørgen B Hasselstrøm
- Section for Forensic Chemistry, Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
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Ali MA, Ahmad A, Chaudry H, Aiman W, Aamir S, Anwar MY, Khan A. Efficacy and safety of recently approved drugs for sickle cell disease: a review of clinical trials. Exp Hematol 2020; 92:11-18.e1. [PMID: 32841705 PMCID: PMC7442900 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2020.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Sickle cell disease is prevalent in several parts of the world. Most hospitalizations of these patients are related to pain crisis episodes. Moreover, levels of hemoglobin are lower in sickle cell disease patients as compared with the general population. Complications related to sickle cell disease are managed with blood transfusions, hydroxyurea, and opioids. Despite these therapies, patients with sickle cell disease experience multiple pain crisis episodes leading to hospitalizations and end-organ damage. The US Food and Drug Administration has approved three new drugs-L-glutamine, voxelotor, and crizanlizumab-for the prophylaxis and treatment of complications related to sickle cell disease. This review was aimed at assessing the efficacy and safety of recently approved drugs for the treatment of sickle cell disease. A comprehensive search was made on PubMed and clinicaltrials.gov to look for clinical trials reporting the efficacy and safety of recently approved drugs for sickle cell disease. Based on the results of clinical trials, L-glutamine, voxelotor, and crizanlizumab were well tolerated by sickle cell disease patients. L-Glutamine and crizanlizumab reduced the number of sickle cell crisis episodes, while voxelotor improved the level of hemoglobin in sickle cell disease patients. These drugs were effective alone and in combination with hydroxyurea.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Asrar Ahmad
- Internal Medicine, Abington Hospital-Jefferson Health, Abington, PA.
| | - Hafsa Chaudry
- Internal Medicine, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Wajeeha Aiman
- Internal Medicine, Nishtar Medical University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Aamir
- Internal Medicine, The Children's Hospital and The Institute of Child Health, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Anam Khan
- Internal Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
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Thom H, Jansen J, Shafrin J, Zhao L, Joseph G, Cheng HY, Gupta S, Shah N. Crizanlizumab and comparators for adults with sickle cell disease: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e034147. [PMID: 32948541 PMCID: PMC7500297 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Treatment options for preventing vaso-occlusive crises (VOC) among patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) are limited, especially if hydroxyurea treatment has failed or is contraindicated. A systematic literature review (SLR) and network meta-analysis (NMA) were conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of crizanlizumab for older adolescent and adult (≥16 years old) SCD patients. METHODS The SLR included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and uncontrolled studies. Bayesian NMA of VOC, all-cause hospitalisation days and adverse events were conducted. RESULTS The SLR identified 51 studies and 9 RCTs on 14 treatments that met the NMA inclusion criteria. The NMA found that crizanlizumab 5.0 mg/kg was associated with a reduction in VOC (HR 0.55, 95% credible interval (0.43, 0.69); Bayesian probability of superiority >0.99), all-cause hospitalisation days (0.58 (0.50, 0.68); >0.99) and no evidence of difference on adverse events (0.91 (0.59, 1.43) 0.66) or serious adverse events (0.93 (0.47, 1.87); 0.59) compared with placebo. The HR for reduction in VOC for crizanlizumab relative to L-glutamine was (0.67 (0.50, 0.88); >0.99). These results were sensitive to assumptions regarding whether patient age is an effect modifier. CONCLUSIONS This NMA provides preliminary evidence comparing the efficacy of crizanlizumab with other treatments for VOC prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard Thom
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jeroen Jansen
- Health Economics, PRECISIONheor, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jason Shafrin
- Health Economics, PRECISIONheor, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lauren Zhao
- Health Economics, PRECISIONheor, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - George Joseph
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corp, East Hanover, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Subhajit Gupta
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corp, East Hanover, New Jersey, USA
| | - Nirmish Shah
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Vega G, Guequén A, Philp AR, Gianotti A, Arzola L, Villalón M, Zegarra-Moran O, Galietta LJ, Mall MA, Flores CA. Lack of Kcnn4 improves mucociliary clearance in muco-obstructive lung disease. JCI Insight 2020; 5:140076. [PMID: 32814712 PMCID: PMC7455130 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.140076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway mucociliary clearance (MCC) is the main mechanism of lung defense keeping airways free of infection and mucus obstruction. Airway surface liquid volume, ciliary beating, and mucus are central for proper MCC and critically regulated by sodium absorption and anion secretion. Impaired MCC is a key feature of muco-obstructive diseases. The calcium-activated potassium channel KCa.3.1, encoded by Kcnn4, participates in ion secretion, and studies showed that its activation increases Na+ absorption in airway epithelia, suggesting that KCa3.1-induced hyperpolarization was sufficient to drive Na+ absorption. However, its role in airway epithelium is not fully understood. We aimed to elucidate the role of KCa3.1 in MCC using a genetically engineered mouse. KCa3.1 inhibition reduced Na+ absorption in mouse and human airway epithelium. Furthermore, the genetic deletion of Kcnn4 enhanced cilia beating frequency and MCC ex vivo and in vivo. Kcnn4 silencing in the Scnn1b-transgenic mouse (Scnn1btg/+), a model of muco-obstructive lung disease triggered by increased epithelial Na+ absorption, improved MCC, reduced Na+ absorption, and did not change the amount of mucus but did reduce mucus adhesion, neutrophil infiltration, and emphysema. Our data support that KCa3.1 inhibition attenuated muco-obstructive disease in the Scnn1btg/+ mice. K+ channel modulation may be a therapeutic strategy to treat muco-obstructive lung diseases. Silencing the calcium-activated potassium channel KCa.3.1 improves mucociliary clearance in muco-obstructive lung disease by decreasing sodium absorption in the airways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anita Guequén
- Centro de Estudios Científicos, Valdivia, Chile.,Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Amber R Philp
- Centro de Estudios Científicos, Valdivia, Chile.,Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | | | - Llilian Arzola
- Departamento de Fisiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Manuel Villalón
- Departamento de Fisiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Luis Jv Galietta
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy.,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Marcus A Mall
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research, Berlin, Germany
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Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) afflicts millions of people worldwide but is referred to as an orphan disease in the United States. Over the past several decades, there has been an increasing understanding of the pathophysiology of SCD and its complications. While most individuals with SCD in resource-rich countries survive into adulthood, the life expectancy of patients with SCD remains substantially shorter than for the general African-American population. SCD can be cured using hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and possibly gene therapy, but these treatment approaches are not available to most patients, the majority of whom reside in low- and middle-income countries. Until relatively recently, only one drug, hydroxyurea, was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration to ameliorate disease severity. Multiple other drugs (L-glutamine, crizanlizumab, and voxelotor) have recently been approved for the treatment of SCD, with several others at various stages of clinical testing. The availability of multiple agents to treat SCD raises questions related to the choice of appropriate drug therapy, combination of multiple agents, and affordability of recently approved products. The enthusiasm for new drug development provides opportunities to involve patients in low- and middle-income nations in the testing of potentially disease-modifying therapies and has the potential to contribute to capacity building in these environments. Demonstration that these agents, alone or in combination, can prevent or decrease end-organ damage would provide additional evidence for the role of drug therapies in improving outcomes in SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Rai
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Kenneth I. Ataga
- Center for Sickle Cell Disease, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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Salinas Cisneros G, Thein SL. Recent Advances in the Treatment of Sickle Cell Disease. Front Physiol 2020; 11:435. [PMID: 32508672 PMCID: PMC7252227 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Sickle cell anemia (SCA) was first described in the Western literature more than 100 years ago. Elucidation of its molecular basis prompted numerous biochemical and genetic studies that have contributed to a better understanding of its pathophysiology. Unfortunately, the translation of such knowledge into developing treatments has been disproportionately slow and elusive. In the last 10 years, discovery of BCL11A, a major γ-globin gene repressor, has led to a better understanding of the switch from fetal to adult hemoglobin and a resurgence of efforts on exploring pharmacological and genetic/genomic approaches for reactivating fetal hemoglobin as possible therapeutic options. Alongside therapeutic reactivation of fetal hemoglobin, further understanding of stem cell transplantation and mixed chimerism as well as gene editing, and genomics have yielded very encouraging outcomes. Other advances have contributed to the FDA approval of three new medications in 2017 and 2019 for management of sickle cell disease, with several other drugs currently under development. In this review, we will focus on the most important advances in the last decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Salinas Cisneros
- Sickle Cell Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Swee L Thein
- Sickle Cell Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Abstract
Despite sickle cell disease (SCD) being the most common and severe inherited condition worldwide, therapeutic options are limited. To date, hydroxyurea remains the main treatment option in SCD. However, in the last decade the numbers of interventional clinical trials focussing on therapies for SCD have increased significantly. Many new drugs with various pharmacological targets have emerged and, although the majority have failed to show benefit in clinical trials, some have produced encouraging results. It seems probable that more drugs will soon become available for the treatment of SCD. Furthermore, promising clinical trials with improved outcomes have recently changed the perspective of curative therapies in SCD. Nevertheless, the application of novel therapeutic agents and potential curative treatments will most likely be limited to high-income countries and, thus, will remain unavailable for the majority of people with SCD in the foreseeable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Nardo-Marino
- Centre for Haemoglobinopathies, Department of Haematology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Valentine Brousse
- Sickle Cell Disease Reference Center, Department of General Pediatrics and Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - David Rees
- Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College London, King's College Hospital, London, UK
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Shmukler BE, Rivera A, Bhargava P, Nishimura K, Kim EH, Hsu A, Wohlgemuth JG, Morton J, Snyder LM, De Franceschi L, Rust MB, Hubner CA, Brugnara C, Alper SL. Genetic disruption of KCC cotransporters in a mouse model of thalassemia intermedia. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2020; 81:102389. [PMID: 31835175 PMCID: PMC7002294 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2019.102389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
β-thalassemia (β-Thal) is caused by defective β-globin production leading to globin chain imbalance, aggregation of free alpha chain in developing erythroblasts, reticulocytes, and mature circulating red blood cells. The hypochromic thalassemic red cells exhibit increased cell dehydration in association with elevated K+ leak and increased K-Cl cotransport activity, each of which has been linked to globin chain imbalance and related oxidative stress. We therefore tested the effect of genetic inactivation of K-Cl cotransporters KCC1 and KCC3 in a mouse model of β-thalassemia intermedia. In the absence of these transporters, the anemia of β-Thal mice was ameliorated, in association with increased MCV and reductions in CHCM and hyperdense cells, as well as in spleen size. The resting K+ content of β-Thal red cells was greatly increased, and Thal-associated splenomegaly slightly decreased. Lack of KCC1 and KCC3 activity in Thal red cells reduced red cell density and improved β-Thal-associated osmotic fragility. We conclude that genetic inactivation of K-Cl cotransport can reverse red cell dehydration and partially attenuate the hematologic phenotype in a mouse model of β-thalassemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris E Shmukler
- Renal Division and Vascular Biology Research Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America
| | - Alicia Rivera
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America; Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - Parul Bhargava
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Katherine Nishimura
- Renal Division and Vascular Biology Research Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America
| | - Edward H Kim
- Renal Division and Vascular Biology Research Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America
| | - Ann Hsu
- Renal Division and Vascular Biology Research Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America
| | - Jay G Wohlgemuth
- Quest Diagnostics, San Juan Capistrano, CA, United States of America
| | - James Morton
- Quest Diagnostics, San Juan Capistrano, CA, United States of America
| | | | - Lucia De Franceschi
- Dept. of Medicine, Universita Verona and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, Verona, Italy
| | - Marco B Rust
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Carlo Brugnara
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - Seth L Alper
- Renal Division and Vascular Biology Research Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America; Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America.
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Erhabor O, Ogar K, Erhabor T, Dangana A. Some haematological parameters, copper and selenium level among children of African descent with sickle cell disease in Specialist Hospital Sokoto, Nigeria. Hum Antibodies 2020; 27:143-154. [PMID: 30909199 DOI: 10.3233/hab-180360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sickle cell disease is a genetic disorder of haemoglobin causing myriad of pathology including anaemia. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate some haematological parameters and trace elements of total of forty-five (45) children with Sickle cell disease attending Specialist Hospital Sokoto. METHOD Twenty-five (25) apparently healthy children which were assessed as controls. The haematological parameters were determined using automated method and trace elements (copper and selenium) were determined using colorimetric and atomic absorption spectrophotometry method respectively. RESULTS The Mean WBC and PLT was significantly higher among sickle cell disease subjects when compared to controls individuals (p< 0.05). The Mean RBC, HCT, HGB, MCV, MCH and MCHC was significantly lower among Sickle cell disease patients when compared to controls (p< 0.05). The Mean Copper and Selenium value was significantly lower (40.4 ± 1.44 μg/dl and 54.6 ± 1.60 ng/ml) among Sickle cell disease subjects compared to controls (75.6 ± 1.30 μg/dl and 86.3 ± 2.30 ng/ml) (p< 0.05). The WBC, HGB, HGT and Copper values of Sickle cell disease subjects shows a weak positive put non-statistically significant correlation with age (p> 0.05). The RBC, MCV, MCH, MCHC, PLT, and Selenium values of sickle cell disease patients shows a negative non-statistically significant correlation indicating that the selenium level decreases as the age increases (p< 0.05). CONCLUSION This study shows that the WBC and platelet count was significantly higher among sickle cell disease subjects compared to controls. The RBC, HCT, HGB, MCV, MCH and MCHC were significantly lower among sickle cell disease patients compared to controls. The serum copper and selenium levels were significantly lower among sickle cell subjects compared to controls. We recommend that trace elements (copper and selenium) and haematological parameters be monitored routinely among sickle cell disease children to optimize the care offered to these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osaro Erhabor
- Department of Haematology, School of Medical Laboratory Science, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Kevin Ogar
- Department of Haematology, School of Medical Laboratory Science, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Tosan Erhabor
- Medical Laboratory Science Council of Nigeria, Nigeria
| | - Amos Dangana
- Department of Haematology, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital Gwagwalada, Abuja, Nigeria
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Roach KM, Bradding P. Ca 2+ signalling in fibroblasts and the therapeutic potential of K Ca3.1 channel blockers in fibrotic diseases. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:1003-1024. [PMID: 31758702 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of Ca2+ signalling in fibroblasts is of great interest in fibrosis-related diseases. Intracellular free Ca2+ ([Ca2+ ]i ) is a ubiquitous secondary messenger, regulating a number of cellular functions such as secretion, metabolism, differentiation, proliferation and contraction. The intermediate conductance Ca2+ -activated K+ channel KCa 3.1 is pivotal in Ca2+ signalling and plays a central role in fibroblast processes including cell activation, migration and proliferation through the regulation of cell membrane potential. Evidence from a number of approaches demonstrates that KCa 3.1 plays an important role in the development of many fibrotic diseases, including idiopathic pulmonary, renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis and cardiovascular disease. The KCa 3.1 selective blocker senicapoc was well tolerated in clinical trials for sickle cell disease, raising the possibility of rapid translation to the clinic for people suffering from pathological fibrosis. This review after analysing all the data, concludes that targeting KCa 3.1 should be a high priority for human fibrotic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katy M Roach
- Institute for Lung Health, Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Peter Bradding
- Institute for Lung Health, Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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Lu M, Rab MA, Shevkoplyas SS, Sheehan VA. Blood rheology biomarkers in sickle cell disease. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2020; 245:155-165. [PMID: 31948290 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219900494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is the most common inherited blood disorder, affecting approximately 100,000 patients in the U.S. and millions more worldwide. Patients with SCD experience a wide range of clinical complications, including frequent pain crises, stroke, and early mortality, all originating from a single-point mutation in the β-globin subunit. The RBC changes resulting from the sickle mutation lead to a host of rheological abnormalities that diminish microvascular blood flow, and produce severe anemia due to RBC hemolysis, and ischemia from vaso-occlusion initiated by sticky, rigid sickle RBCs. While the pathophysiology and mechanisms of SCD have been investigated for many years, therapies to treat the disease are limited. In addition to RBC transfusion, there are only two US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs to ameliorate SCD complications: hydroxyurea (HU) and L-glutamine (Endari™). The only curative therapy currently available is allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), which is generally reserved for individuals with a matched related donor, comprising only 10–15% of the total SCD population. Potentially curative advanced gene therapy approaches for SCD are under investigation in ongoing clinical trials. The ultimate goal of any curative treatment should be to repair the hemorheological abnormalities caused by SCD, and thus normalize blood flow and prevent clinical complications. Our mini-review highlights a set of key hemorheological biomarkers (and the current and emerging technologies used to measure them) that may be used to guide the development of novel curative and palliative therapies for SCD, and functionally assess outcomes. Impact statement Severe impairment of blood rheology is the hallmark of SCD pathophysiology, and one of the key factors predisposing SCD patients to pain crises, organ damage, and early mortality. As novel therapies emerge to treat or cure SCD, it is crucial that these treatments are functionally evaluated for their effect on blood rheology. This review describes a comprehensive panel of rheological biomarkers, their clinical uses, and the technologies used to obtain them. The described technologies can produce highly sensitive measurements of the ability of current treatments to improve blood rheology of SCD patients. The goal of curative therapies should be to achieve blood rheology biomarkers measurements in the range of sickle cell trait individuals (HbAS). The use of the panel of rheological biomarkers proposed in this review could significantly accelerate the development, optimization, and clinical translation of novel therapies for SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Lu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Minke Ae Rab
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry & Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584, The Netherlands
| | - Sergey S Shevkoplyas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Vivien A Sheehan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Lu J, Dou F, Yu Z. The potassium channel KCa3.1 represents a valid pharmacological target for microgliosis-induced neuronal impairment in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:273. [PMID: 31878950 PMCID: PMC6931251 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1682-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies described a critical role for microglia in Parkinson’s disease (PD), where these central nerve system resident immune cells participate in the neuroinflammatory microenvironment that contributes to dopaminergic neurons loss in the substantia nigra. Understanding the phenotype switch of microgliosis in PD could help to identify the molecular mechanism which could attenuate or delay the progressive decline in motor function. KCa3.1 has been reported to regulate the “pro-inflammatory” phenotype switch of microglia in neurodegenerative pathological conditions. Methods We here investigated the effects of gene deletion or pharmacological blockade of KCa3.1 activity in wild-type or KCa3.1−/− mice after treatment with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), a mouse model of PD. MPTP-induced PD mouse model was subjected to the rotarod test to evaluate the locomotor ability. Glia activation and neuron loss were measured by immunostaining. Fluo-4 AM was used to measure cytosolic Ca2+ level in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced microgliosis in vitro. Results We report that treatment of MPTP-induced PD mouse model with gene deletion or pharmacological blockade of KCa3.1 with senicapoc improves the locomotor ability and the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neuron number and attenuates the microgliosis and neuroinflammation in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). KCa3.1 involves in store-operated Ca2+ entry-induced Ca2+ overload and endoplasmic reticulum stress via the protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway during microgliosis. Gene deletion or blockade of KCa3.1 restored AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling both in vivo and in vitro. Conclusions Taken together, these results demonstrate a key role for KCa3.1 in driving a pro-inflammatory microglia phenotype in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Lu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Fangfang Dou
- Basic Research Department, Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Zhihua Yu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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Villa C, Suphesiz H, Combi R, Akyuz E. Potassium channels in the neuronal homeostasis and neurodegenerative pathways underlying Alzheimer's disease: An update. Mech Ageing Dev 2019; 185:111197. [PMID: 31862274 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2019.111197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
With more than 80 subunits, potassium (K+) channels represent a group of ion channels showing high degree of diversity and ubiquity. They play important role in the control of membrane depolarization and cell excitability in several tissues, including the brain. Controlling the intracellular and extracellular K+ flow in cells, they also modulate the hormone and neurotransmitter release, apoptosis and cell proliferation. It is therefore not surprising that an improper functioning of K+ channels in neurons has been associated with pathophysiology of a wide range of neurological disorders, especially Alzheimer's disease (AD). This review aims to give a comprehensive overview of the basic properties and pathophysiological functions of the main classes of K+ channels in the context of disease processes, also discussing the progress, challenges and opportunities to develop drugs targeting these channels as potential pharmacological approach for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Villa
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy
| | | | - Romina Combi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy
| | - Enes Akyuz
- Yozgat Bozok University, Medical Faculty, Department of Biophysics, Yozgat, Turkey.
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Shmukler BE, Rivera A, Bhargava P, Nishimura K, Hsu A, Kim EH, Trudel M, Rust MB, Hubner CA, Brugnara C, Alper SL. Combined genetic disruption of K-Cl cotransporters and Gardos channel KCNN4 rescues erythrocyte dehydration in the SAD mouse model of sickle cell disease. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2019; 79:102346. [PMID: 31352162 PMCID: PMC6744291 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2019.102346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Excessive red cell dehydration contributes to the pathophysiology of sickle cell disease (SCD). The densest fraction of sickle red cells (with the highest corpuscular hemoglobin concentration) undergoes the most rapid polymerization of deoxy-hemoglobin S, leading to accelerated cell sickling and increased susceptibility to endothelial activation, red cell adhesion, and vaso-occlusion. Increasing red cell volume in order to decrease red cell density can thus serve as an adjunct therapeutic goal in SCD. Regulation of circulating mouse red cell volume and density is mediated largely by the Gardos channel, KCNN4, and the K-Cl cotransporters, KCC3 and KCC1. Whereas inhibition of the Gardos channel in subjects with sickle cell disease increased red cell volume, decreased red cell density, and improved other hematological indices in subjects with SCD, specific KCC inhibitors have not been available for testing. We therefore investigated the effect of genetic inactivation of KCC3 and KCC1 in the SAD mouse model of sickle red cell dehydration, finding decreased red cell density and improved hematological indices. We describe here generation of mice genetically deficient in the three major red cell volume regulatory gene products, KCNN4, KCC3, and KCC1 in C57BL6 non-sickle and SAD sickle backgrounds. We show that combined loss-of-function of all three gene products in SAD mice leads to incrementally increased MCV, decreased CHCM and % hyperchromic cells, decreased red cell density (phthalate method), increased resistance to hypo-osmotic lysis, and increased cell K content. The data show that combined genetic deletion of the Gardos channel and K-Cl cotransporters in a mouse SCD model decreases red cell density and improves several hematological parameters, supporting the strategy of combined pharmacological inhibition of these ion transport pathways in the adjunct treatment of human SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris E Shmukler
- Renal Division and Vascular Biology Research Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States of America; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - Alicia Rivera
- Renal Division and Vascular Biology Research Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America; Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - Parul Bhargava
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Katherine Nishimura
- Renal Division and Vascular Biology Research Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Ann Hsu
- Renal Division and Vascular Biology Research Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Edward H Kim
- Renal Division and Vascular Biology Research Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Marie Trudel
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montreal, Molecular Genetics and Development, Faculte de Medecine, Universite of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marco B Rust
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Carlo Brugnara
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America; Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - Seth L Alper
- Renal Division and Vascular Biology Research Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America.
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