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Gómez‐Blanco D, Tobler M, Hasselquist D. Why and when should organisms elongate their telomeres? Elaborations on the 'excess resources elongation' and 'last resort elongation' hypotheses. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10825. [PMID: 38099139 PMCID: PMC10719541 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomere length and telomere shortening are thought to be critical cellular attributes and processes that are related to an individual's life span and fitness. The general pattern across most taxa is that after birth telomere length gradually decreases with age. Telomere protection and restoration mechanisms are usually assumed to reduce the rate of shortening or at most keep telomere length constant. However, here we have compiled a list of 26 articles showing that there is an increasing number of studies reporting apparent elongation of telomeres (i.e., a net increase in TL from timet to timet+1) often in a considerable proportion of the individuals studied. Moreover, the few studies which have studied telomere elongation in detail show that increases in telomere length are unlikely to be due to measurement error alone. In this article, we argue that episodes of telomere elongation deserve more attention as they could reflect individual strategies to optimise life histories and maximise fitness, which may not be reflected in the overall telomere dynamics patterns. We propose that patterns of telomere (net) elongation may be partly determined by other factors than those causing telomere shortening, and therefore deserve analyses specifically targeted to investigate the occurrence of telomere elongation. We elaborate on two ecological hypotheses that have been proposed to explain patterns of telomere elongation (the 'excess resources elongation' and the 'last resort elongation' hypothesis) and we discuss the current evidence for (or against) these hypotheses and propose ways to test them.
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2
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Kuan XY, Fauzi NSA, Ng KY, Bakhtiar A. Exploring the Causal Relationship Between Telomere Biology and Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:4169-4183. [PMID: 37046137 PMCID: PMC10293431 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03337-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Telomeres, also known as the "protective caps" of our chromosomes, shorten with each cell cycle due to the end replication problem. This process, termed telomere attrition, is associated with many age-related disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Despite the numerous studies conducted in this field, the role of telomere attrition in the onset of the disease remains unclear. To investigate the causal relationship between short telomeres and AD, this review aims to highlight the primary factors that regulate telomere length and maintain its integrity, with an additional outlook on the role of oxidative stress, which is commonly associated with aging and molecular damage. Although some findings thus far might be contradictory, telomere attrition likely plays a crucial role in the progression of AD due to its close association with oxidative stress. The currently available treatments for AD are only symptomatic without affecting the progression of the disease. The components of telomere biology discussed in this paper have previously been studied as an alternative treatment option for several diseases and have exhibited promising in vitro and in vivo results. Hence, this should provide a basis for future research to develop a potential therapeutic strategy for AD. (Created with BioRender.com).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Yuen Kuan
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Syahira Ahmad Fauzi
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Khuen Yen Ng
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Athirah Bakhtiar
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
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3
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Ashton KJ, Kiessling CJ, Thompson JLM, Aziz AY, Thomas WG, Headrick JP, Reichelt ME. Early cardiac aging linked to impaired stress-resistance and transcriptional control of stress response, quality control and mitochondrial pathways. Exp Gerontol 2023; 171:112011. [PMID: 36347360 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.112011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Phenotypic and transcriptomic evidence of early cardiac aging, and associated mechanisms, were investigated in young to middle-aged male mice (C57Bl/6; ages 8, 16, 32, 48 wks). Left ventricular gene expression (profiled via Illumina MouseWG-6 BeadChips), contractile and coronary function, and stress-resistance were assessed in Langendorff perfused hearts under normoxic conditions and following ischemic insult (20 min global ischemia-45 min reperfusion; I-R). Baseline or normoxic contractile function was unaltered by age, while cardiac and coronary 'reserves' (during β-adrenoceptor stimulation; 1 μM isoproterenol) declined by 48 wks. Resistance to I-R injury fell from 16 to 32 wks. Age-dependent transcriptional changes In un-stressed hearts were limited to 104 genes (>1.3-fold; 0.05 FDR), supporting: up-regulated innate defenses (glutathione and xenobiotic metabolism, chemotaxis, interleukins) and catecholamine secretion; and down-regulated extracellular matrix (ECM), growth factor and survival (PI3K/Akt) signaling. In stressed (post-ischemic) myocardium, ∼15-times as many genes (1528) were age-dependent, grouped into 6 clusters (>1.3-fold change; 0.05 FDR): most changing from 16 wks (45 % up/44 % down), a further 5 % declining from 32 wks. Major age-dependent Biological Processes in I-R hearts reveal: declining ATP metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, cardiac contraction and morphogenesis, phospholipid metabolism and calcineurin signaling; increasing proteolysis and negative control of MAPK; and mixed changes in nuclear transport and angiogenic genes. Pathway analysis supports reductions in: autophagy, stress response, ER protein processing, mRNA surveillance and ribosome/translation genes; with later falls in mitochondrial biogenesis, oxidative phosphorylation and proteasome genes in I-R hearts. Summarizing, early cardiac aging is evident from 16 to 32 wks in male mice, characterized by: declining cardiovascular reserve and stress-resistance, transcriptomic evidence of constitutive stress and altered catecholamine and survival/growth signaling in healthy hearts; and declining stress response, quality control, mitochondrial energy metabolism and cardiac modeling processes in stressed hearts. These very early changes, potentially key substrate for advanced aging, may inform approaches to healthy aging and cardioprotection in the adult heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Ashton
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Can J Kiessling
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Jamie-Lee M Thompson
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Aliah Y Aziz
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Walter G Thomas
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - John P Headrick
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - Melissa E Reichelt
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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4
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Zheng B, Fu J. Telomere dysfunction in some pediatric congenital and growth-related diseases. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1133102. [PMID: 37077333 PMCID: PMC10106694 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1133102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomere wear and dysfunction may lead to aging-related diseases. Moreover, increasing evidence show that the occurrence, development, and prognosis of some pediatric diseases are also related to telomere dysfunction. In this review, we systematically analyzed the relationship between telomere biology and some pediatric congenital and growth-related diseases and proposed new theoretical basis and therapeutic targets for the treatment of these diseases.
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5
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Raftopoulou C, Paltoglou G, Charmandari E. Association between Telomere Length and Pediatric Obesity: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14061244. [PMID: 35334902 PMCID: PMC8949519 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Telomere length (TL) is a robust marker of biological aging, and increased telomere attrition is noted in adults with obesity. The primary objective of this systematic review was to summarize current knowledge on the effects of childhood obesity in TL. The secondary objective was to assess the effect of weight management interventions in TL. Methods: The following databases were searched: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Heal-link.gr from inception to September 2021. The search was performed using the following combinations of terms: “telomer*” [All Fields] AND (“length” [All Fields] OR “lengths” [All Fields]) AND “obes*” [All Fields] AND (“child*” [All Fields] OR “adolescen*” [All Fields]). Results: A total of 16 original articles were included in this systematic review. Eleven of them were cross-sectional and five were lifestyle interventions. Conclusions: There was a tendency towards a negative association between childhood obesity and TL. Life-style interventions in children have been associated with increased TL peripherally, indicating a possible association of the redistribution of younger cells in the periphery with the favorable effect of these interventions. Further prospective studies with larger sample sizes that employ other markers of cell aging would potentially elucidate this important mechanistic relation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Raftopoulou
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - George Paltoglou
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Aghia Sophia Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Evangelia Charmandari
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Aghia Sophia Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece;
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +30-213-2013-384
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Gurnari C, Wahida A, Pagliuca S, Durmaz A, Zawit M, Haferlach T, Maciejewski JP, Visconte V. A study of TERT rare variants in myeloid neoplasia. Hematol Oncol 2022; 40:812-817. [PMID: 35106810 DOI: 10.1002/hon.2967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Telomere dysfunctions are associated with several hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) malignancies. Recent findings have indicated that the occurrence of rare variants of unknown significance (VUS) in the Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (TERT) gene influences the outcomes of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes undergoing allogeneic HSC transplantation. However, the role of TERT variants has been historically controversial as initially considered pathogenic variants (H412Y, A202T) presenting functional consequences, were found very frequent in general population questioning their pathogenicity and risk allele significance. Herein, we show that overall TERT VUS are non-recurrent in myeloid disorders and cannot be considered risk alleles individually nor can their biological impact. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmelo Gurnari
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH.,Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, PhD in Immunology, Molecular Medicine and Applied Biotechnology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Adam Wahida
- Torsten-Haferlach Leukemia Diagnostics Foundation, Munich, Germany
| | - Simona Pagliuca
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Arda Durmaz
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Misam Zawit
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | | | - Jaroslaw P Maciejewski
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Valeria Visconte
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
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Badmus KA, Idrus Z, Meng GY, Sazili AQ, Mamat-Hamidi K. Telomere Length and Regulatory Genes as Novel Stress Biomarkers and Their Diversities in Broiler Chickens ( Gallus gallus domesticus) Subjected to Corticosterone Feeding. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11102759. [PMID: 34679783 PMCID: PMC8532957 DOI: 10.3390/ani11102759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Assessment of poultry welfare is very crucial for sustainable production in the tropics. There is a demand for alternatives to plasma corticosterone levels as they have received much criticism as an unsuitable predictor of animal welfare due to inconsistency. In this study, we noticed no effect of age on plasma corticosterone (CORT) although it was altered by CORT treatment. However, growth performances and organ weight were affected by CORT treatment and age. The broad sense evaluation of telomere length in this study revealed that telomere length in the blood, muscle, liver and heart was shortened by chronic stress induced by corticosterone administration. The expression profile of the telomere regulatory genes was altered by chronic stress. This study informed us of the potential of telomere length and its regulatory genes in the assessment of animal welfare in the poultry sector for sustainable production. Abstract This study was designed to characterize telomere length and its regulatory genes and to evaluate their potential as well-being biomarkers. Chickens were fed a diet containing corticosterone (CORT) for 4 weeks and performances, organ weight, plasma CORT levels, telomere lengths and regulatory genes were measured and recorded. Body weights of CORT-fed chickens were significantly suppressed (p < 0.05), and organ weights and circulating CORT plasma levels (p < 0.05) were altered. Interaction effect of CORT and duration was significant (p < 0.05) on heart and liver telomere length. CORT significantly (p < 0.05) shortened the telomere length of the whole blood, muscle, liver and heart. The TRF1, chTERT, TELO2 and HSF1 were significantly (p < 0.05) upregulated in the liver and heart at week 4 although these genes and TERRA were downregulated in the muscles at weeks 2 and 4. Therefore, telomere lengths and their regulators are associated and diverse, so they can be used as novel biomarkers of stress in broiler chickens fed with CORT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazeem Ajasa Badmus
- Department of Animal Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (K.A.B.); (Z.I.); (A.Q.S.)
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Zulkifli Idrus
- Department of Animal Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (K.A.B.); (Z.I.); (A.Q.S.)
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Goh Yong Meng
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Department of Veterinary Pre-Clinical Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Awis Qurni Sazili
- Department of Animal Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (K.A.B.); (Z.I.); (A.Q.S.)
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Kamalludin Mamat-Hamidi
- Department of Animal Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (K.A.B.); (Z.I.); (A.Q.S.)
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Correspondence:
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Criqui M, Qamra A, Chu TW, Sharma M, Tsao J, Henry DA, Barsyte-Lovejoy D, Arrowsmith CH, Winegarden N, Lupien M, Harrington L. Telomere dysfunction cooperates with epigenetic alterations to impair murine embryonic stem cell fate commitment. eLife 2020; 9:47333. [PMID: 32297856 PMCID: PMC7192583 DOI: 10.7554/elife.47333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The precise relationship between epigenetic alterations and telomere dysfunction is still an extant question. Previously, we showed that eroded telomeres lead to differentiation instability in murine embryonic stem cells (mESCs) via DNA hypomethylation at pluripotency-factor promoters. Here, we uncovered that telomerase reverse transcriptase null (Tert-/-) mESCs exhibit genome-wide alterations in chromatin accessibility and gene expression during differentiation. These changes were accompanied by an increase of H3K27me3 globally, an altered chromatin landscape at the Pou5f1/Oct4 promoter, and a refractory response to differentiation cues. Inhibition of the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2), an H3K27 tri-methyltransferase, exacerbated the impairment in differentiation and pluripotency gene repression in Tert-/-mESCs but not wild-type mESCs, whereas inhibition of H3K27me3 demethylation led to a partial rescue of the Tert-/- phenotype. These data reveal a new interdependent relationship between H3K27me3 and telomere integrity in stem cell lineage commitment that may have implications in aging and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Criqui
- Institut de Recherche en Immunologie et Cancérologie (IRIC), Département de biologie moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Aditi Qamra
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tsz Wai Chu
- Institut de Recherche en Immunologie et Cancérologie (IRIC), Département de biologie moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Monika Sharma
- Princess Margaret Genomics Centre, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Julissa Tsao
- Princess Margaret Genomics Centre, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Danielle A Henry
- Institut de Recherche en Immunologie et Cancérologie (IRIC), Département de biologie moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Dalia Barsyte-Lovejoy
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Department of Medical Biophysics, Toronto, Canada
| | - Cheryl H Arrowsmith
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Department of Medical Biophysics, Toronto, Canada
| | - Neil Winegarden
- Princess Margaret Genomics Centre, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mathieu Lupien
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Lea Harrington
- Institut de Recherche en Immunologie et Cancérologie (IRIC), Département de biologie moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
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9
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Tiwari D, Ray Das C, Sultana R, Kakoti S, Aasif Khan M, Dongre A, Husain SA, Bose PD, Bose S. Impact of modulation of telomerase and cancer stem-cell marker OCT4 axis in cervical cancer pathogenesis with underlying HPV16 infection. J Cell Biochem 2019; 121:2782-2791. [PMID: 31692038 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Lacunae exist in the molecular event(s) specificity associated with cervical cancer (CaCx) pathogenesis. The present study aimed to evaluate the significance of telomerase-cervical cancer stem cells (CSCs) modulation in CaCx pathogenesis with underlying HPV16 infection. The study included HPV16 positive cases only (N = 65) of the total enrolled cases from Northeast India. The analysis of viral load and the differential messenger RNA expression of E6, E7, hTERT, hTR, and cancer stem-cell markers was studied by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Further the protein and colocalization study for E6, hTERT, and oct4 was performed by immunofluorescence. The real-time polymerase chain reaction based analysis showed an upregulation of HPV16 viral oncoprotein E6 and E7, and telomerase component hTERT and hTR expression and their correlation in CaCx susceptibility and severity. The hTERT expression correlated with viral load; while the E6 and telomerase protein expression colocalized in the nucleus. The CSCs marker octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4) was significantly upregulated in CaCx cases, was associated with CaCx susceptibility and severity, and colocalized with E6 expression in the nucleus as revealed from the immunofluorescence studies. To conclude, the telomerase-OCT4 axis modulation holds key in HPV16 CaCx pathogenesis mediated by HPV16 E6 viral oncoprotein expression, and underlines its potential for therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diptika Tiwari
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Cotton University, Guwahati, Assam, India.,Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Chandana Ray Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Rizwana Sultana
- Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Shantipriya Kakoti
- Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | | | - Anita Dongre
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, Assam, India
| | - Syed Akhtar Husain
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, Assam, India
| | - Purabi Deka Bose
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Cotton University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Sujoy Bose
- Department of Biotechnology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India
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10
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Lansdorp P, van Wietmarschen N. Helicases FANCJ, RTEL1 and BLM Act on Guanine Quadruplex DNA in Vivo. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10110870. [PMID: 31683575 PMCID: PMC6896191 DOI: 10.3390/genes10110870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Guanine quadruplex (G4) structures are among the most stable secondary DNA structures that can form in vitro, and evidence for their existence in vivo has been steadily accumulating. Originally described mainly for their deleterious effects on genome stability, more recent research has focused on (potential) functions of G4 structures in telomere maintenance, gene expression, and other cellular processes. The combined research on G4 structures has revealed that properly regulating G4 DNA structures in cells is important to prevent genome instability and disruption of normal cell function. In this short review we provide some background and historical context of our work resulting in the identification of FANCJ, RTEL1 and BLM as helicases that act on G4 structures in vivo. Taken together these studies highlight important roles of different G4 DNA structures and specific G4 helicases at selected genomic locations and telomeres in regulating gene expression and maintaining genome stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Lansdorp
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada.
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1, Canada.
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Niek van Wietmarschen
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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11
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Carroll JE, Irwin MR, Seeman TE, Diez-Roux AV, Prather AA, Olmstead R, Epel E, Lin J, Redline S. Obstructive sleep apnea, nighttime arousals, and leukocyte telomere length: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Sleep 2019; 42:zsz089. [PMID: 30994174 PMCID: PMC6612669 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsz089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Sleep disturbances and sleep apnea are associated with increased vulnerability to age-related disease, altering molecular pathways affecting biological aging. Telomere length captures one component of biological aging. We evaluated whether objectively assessed sleep and sleep apnea relate to leukocyte telomere length (LTL) in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). METHODS Men and women aged 44-84 years (n = 672) from the MESA Stress and MESA Sleep studies underwent polysomnography and 7 day actigraphy (at Exam 5) and assessment of LTL (at baseline [Exam 1] and about 10 years later [Exam 5]). RESULTS General linear models adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, BMI, physical activity, and smoking found that severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA; apnea-hypopnea index > 30) was cross-sectionally associated with shorter LTL (p = 0.007). Modest associations of shorter LTL with less rapid eye movement sleep, more stage 1 sleep, wake after sleep onset >30 min, and long sleep duration were found, but these effects were diminished after adjusting for lifestyle and OSA. Exploratory analyses found that higher arousal index at Exam 5 was associated with greater LTL decline over the prior 10 years (p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS OSA was associated with shorter LTL. Individuals with high-arousal frequency had greater leukocyte telomere attrition over the prior decade. These findings suggest that sleep apnea and sleep fragmentation are associated with accelerated biological aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith E Carroll
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Michael R Irwin
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Teresa E Seeman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Ana V Diez-Roux
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Aric A Prather
- Department of Psychiatry, Univeristy of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Richard Olmstead
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Elissa Epel
- Department of Psychiatry, Univeristy of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Jue Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Susan Redline
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R Cimato
- From the Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, University at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Clinical and Translational Research Center, NY.
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13
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Saberi S, Kalloger SE, Zhu MMT, Sattha B, Maan EJ, van Schalkwyk J, Money DM, Côté HCF. Dynamics of leukocyte telomere length in pregnant women living with HIV, and HIV-negative pregnant women: A longitudinal observational study. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212273. [PMID: 30840638 PMCID: PMC6402636 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background HIV-mediated inflammation and immune activation can accelerate telomere attrition. In addition, antiretrovirals can inhibit telomerase, possibly shortening telomeres. We examined the longitudinal dynamics of leukocyte telomere length (LTL) during pregnancy in a unique cohort of women living with HIV (WLWH) treated with combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), and HIV-negative control women. Methods Blood was collected at three visits during pregnancy, at 13–23, >23–30, and >30–40 weeks of gestation, and for WLWH only, at 6 weeks post-partum. LTL was measured by qPCR and both cross-sectional and longitudinal (MANOVA) models were used to examine possible predictors of LTL among participants who attended all three visits during pregnancy. Results Among WLWH (n = 64) and HIV-negative women (n = 41), within participant LTL were correlated throughout pregnancy (p<0.001). LTL was shorter among WLWH at first visit, but this difference waned by the second visit. WLWH who discontinued cART post-partum experienced a decrease in LTL. Longitudinally, LTL was similar in both groups and increased as gestation progressed, a change that was more pronounced among women under 35 years. Among WLWH, both smoking throughout pregnancy (p = 0.04) and receiving a ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor-based regimen (p = 0.03) were independently associated with shorter LTL. Conclusions LTL increases as pregnancy progresses; the reasons for this are unknown but may relate to changes in blood volume, hormones, and/or cell subset distribution. While our observations need confirmation in an independent cohort, our data suggest that although some cART regimens may influence LTL, being on cART appears overall protective and that stopping cART post-partum may negatively impact LTL. The effect of smoking on LTL is clearly negative, stressing the importance of smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Saberi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Steve E. Kalloger
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mayanne M. T. Zhu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Beheroze Sattha
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Evelyn J. Maan
- British Columbia Women’s Hospital and Health Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Julianne van Schalkwyk
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- British Columbia Women’s Hospital and Health Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Women’s Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Deborah M. Money
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- British Columbia Women’s Hospital and Health Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Women’s Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hélène C. F. Côté
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Women’s Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Centre for Blood Research, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- * E-mail:
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14
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Turner K, Lynch C, Rouse H, Vasu V, Griffin DK. Direct Single-Cell Analysis of Human Polar Bodies and Cleavage-Stage Embryos Reveals No Evidence of the Telomere Theory of Reproductive Ageing in Relation to Aneuploidy Generation. Cells 2019; 8:E163. [PMID: 30781491 PMCID: PMC6406255 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Reproductive ageing in women, particularly after the age of 35, is associated with an exponential increase in the proportion of chromosomally abnormal oocytes produced. Several hypotheses have attempted to explain this observation, including the 'limited oocyte pool' hypothesis and the 'two-hit' hypothesis, the latter explaining that a depletion in oocyte quality with age results from the multiple opportune stages for errors to occur in meiosis. Recently however, the telomere theory of reproductive ageing in women has been proposed. This suggests that shortened telomeres in oocytes of women of advanced maternal age render oocytes unable to support fertilization and embryogenesis. Despite a credible rationale for the telomere theory of reproductive ageing in women, very few studies have assessed telomere length directly in human oocytes or preimplantation embryos. Therefore, we directly assessed relative telomere length in first polar bodies and blastomeres from cleavage stage (day 3) embryos. In both cell types we tested the hypothesis that (1) older women have shorter telomeres and (2) chromosomally abnormal (aneuploid) gametes/embryos have shorter telomeres. In all cases, we found no evidence of altered telomere length associated with age-related aneuploidy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara Turner
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Giles Lane, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK.
| | - Colleen Lynch
- Cooper Genomics Nottingham, Medicity, D6 Building, Thane Road, Nottingham NG90 6BH, UK.
| | - Hannah Rouse
- Cooper Genomics Nottingham, Medicity, D6 Building, Thane Road, Nottingham NG90 6BH, UK.
| | - Vimal Vasu
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Giles Lane, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK.
- Department of Child Health, East Kent Hospitals University Foundation NHS Trust, William Harvey Hospital, Ashford TN24 0LZ, UK.
| | - Darren K Griffin
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Giles Lane, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK.
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15
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Turner KJ, Vasu V, Griffin DK. Telomere Biology and Human Phenotype. Cells 2019; 8:cells8010073. [PMID: 30669451 PMCID: PMC6356320 DOI: 10.3390/cells8010073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomeres are nucleoprotein structures that cap the end of each chromosome arm and function to maintain genome stability. The length of telomeres is known to shorten with each cell division and it is well-established that telomere attrition is related to replicative capacity in vitro. Moreover, telomere loss is also correlated with the process of aging in vivo. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms that lead to telomere shortening and summarise telomere homeostasis in humans throughout a lifetime. In addition, we discuss the available evidence that shows that telomere shortening is related to human aging and the onset of age-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara J Turner
- University of Kent, School of Biosciences, Giles Lane, Canterbury, Kent, CT2-7NJ, UK.
| | - Vimal Vasu
- University of Kent, School of Biosciences, Giles Lane, Canterbury, Kent, CT2-7NJ, UK.
- Department of Child Health, East Kent Hospitals University Foundation NHS Trust, William Harvey Hospital, Ashford, Kent, TN24-0LZ, UK.
| | - Darren K Griffin
- University of Kent, School of Biosciences, Giles Lane, Canterbury, Kent, CT2-7NJ, UK.
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16
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Hou A, Chen P, Tang H, Meng H, Cheng X, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Peng J. Cellular senescence in osteoarthritis and anti-aging strategies. Mech Ageing Dev 2018; 175:83-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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17
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Michelini F, Jalihal AP, Francia S, Meers C, Neeb ZT, Rossiello F, Gioia U, Aguado J, Jones-Weinert C, Luke B, Biamonti G, Nowacki M, Storici F, Carninci P, Walter NG, d'Adda di Fagagna F. From "Cellular" RNA to "Smart" RNA: Multiple Roles of RNA in Genome Stability and Beyond. Chem Rev 2018; 118:4365-4403. [PMID: 29600857 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Coding for proteins has been considered the main function of RNA since the "central dogma" of biology was proposed. The discovery of noncoding transcripts shed light on additional roles of RNA, ranging from the support of polypeptide synthesis, to the assembly of subnuclear structures, to gene expression modulation. Cellular RNA has therefore been recognized as a central player in often unanticipated biological processes, including genomic stability. This ever-expanding list of functions inspired us to think of RNA as a "smart" phone, which has replaced the older obsolete "cellular" phone. In this review, we summarize the last two decades of advances in research on the interface between RNA biology and genome stability. We start with an account of the emergence of noncoding RNA, and then we discuss the involvement of RNA in DNA damage signaling and repair, telomere maintenance, and genomic rearrangements. We continue with the depiction of single-molecule RNA detection techniques, and we conclude by illustrating the possibilities of RNA modulation in hopes of creating or improving new therapies. The widespread biological functions of RNA have made this molecule a reoccurring theme in basic and translational research, warranting it the transcendence from classically studied "cellular" RNA to "smart" RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Michelini
- IFOM - The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology , Milan , 20139 , Italy
| | - Ameya P Jalihal
- Single Molecule Analysis Group and Center for RNA Biomedicine, Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109-1055 , United States
| | - Sofia Francia
- IFOM - The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology , Milan , 20139 , Italy.,Istituto di Genetica Molecolare , CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche , Pavia , 27100 , Italy
| | - Chance Meers
- School of Biological Sciences , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Zachary T Neeb
- Institute of Cell Biology , University of Bern , Baltzerstrasse 4 , 3012 Bern , Switzerland
| | | | - Ubaldo Gioia
- IFOM - The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology , Milan , 20139 , Italy
| | - Julio Aguado
- IFOM - The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology , Milan , 20139 , Italy
| | | | - Brian Luke
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Neurobiology , Johannes Gutenberg University , 55099 Mainz , Germany.,Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB) , 55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Giuseppe Biamonti
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare , CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche , Pavia , 27100 , Italy
| | - Mariusz Nowacki
- Institute of Cell Biology , University of Bern , Baltzerstrasse 4 , 3012 Bern , Switzerland
| | - Francesca Storici
- School of Biological Sciences , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Piero Carninci
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies , 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku , Yokohama City , Kanagawa 230-0045 , Japan
| | - Nils G Walter
- Single Molecule Analysis Group and Center for RNA Biomedicine, Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109-1055 , United States
| | - Fabrizio d'Adda di Fagagna
- IFOM - The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology , Milan , 20139 , Italy.,Istituto di Genetica Molecolare , CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche , Pavia , 27100 , Italy
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18
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The outlook for patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms, particularly myelofibrosis, has improved in recent years, with greater understanding of the pathogenesis and the subsequent development of a plethora of new agents. Areas covered: This article will discuss some of the advances in the field in recent years and explore in greater detail some of the most advanced emerging agents as well as those with greatest potential. An extensive literature review has been performed to identify recent clinical trials and any relevant pre-clinical work. Expert commentary: Important discoveries regarding molecular pathogenesis have led to advances in diagnostic algorithms, prognosis and ultimately also treatment strategies. However, the therapeutic armamentarium for MPN is still largely inadequate to cope with significant challenges including normalization of life span, reduction of cardiovascular complications, prevention of hematological progression and improved quality of life. Sadly, no currently available drugs have shown clear evidence of disease-modifying activity and results of early phase I and II clinical trials have been quite disappointing to date, with toxicities sometimes limiting and a lack of meaningful biological surrogate end points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Harrington
- a Department of Haematology , Guys and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust , London , UK
| | - Claire N Harrison
- a Department of Haematology , Guys and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust , London , UK
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19
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Snetselaar R, van Batenburg AA, van Oosterhout MFM, Kazemier KM, Roothaan SM, Peeters T, van der Vis JJ, Goldschmeding R, Grutters JC, van Moorsel CHM. Short telomere length in IPF lung associates with fibrotic lesions and predicts survival. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189467. [PMID: 29281671 PMCID: PMC5744955 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomere maintenance dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF). However, the mechanism of how telomere length is related to fibrosis in the lungs is unknown. Surgical lung biopsies of IPF patients typically show a heterogeneous pattern of non-fibrotic and fibrotic areas. Therefore, telomere length (TL) in both lung areas of patients with IPF and familial interstitial pneumonia was compared, specifically in alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells. Fluorescent in situ hybridization was used to determine TL in non-fibrotic and fibrotic areas of 35 subjects. Monochrome multiplex quantitative polymerase chain reaction (MMqPCR) was used for 51 whole lung biopsies and blood TL measurements. For sporadic IPF subjects, AT2 cell TL in non-fibrotic areas was 56% longer than in fibrotic areas. No such difference was observed in the surrounding lung cells. In subjects carrying a telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) mutation, AT2 cell TL was significantly shorter than in sporadic subjects. However, no difference in surrounding cell TL was observed between these subject groups. Finally, using biopsy MMqPCR TL measurements, it was determined that IPF subjects with shortest lung TL had a significantly worse survival than patients with long TL. This study shows that shortening of telomeres critically affects AT2 cells in fibrotic areas, implying TL as a cause of fibrogenesis. Furthermore, short lung telomere length is associated with decreased survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinier Snetselaar
- Department of Pulmonology, St Antonius ILD Center of Excellence, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | - Aernoud A. van Batenburg
- Department of Pulmonology, St Antonius ILD Center of Excellence, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | | | - Karin M. Kazemier
- Department of Pulmonology, St Antonius ILD Center of Excellence, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
- Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Suzan M. Roothaan
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ton Peeters
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Joanne J. van der Vis
- Department of Pulmonology, St Antonius ILD Center of Excellence, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, St Antonius ILD Center of Excellence, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | - Roel Goldschmeding
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jan C. Grutters
- Department of Pulmonology, St Antonius ILD Center of Excellence, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
- Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Coline H. M. van Moorsel
- Department of Pulmonology, St Antonius ILD Center of Excellence, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
- Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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20
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Abstract
The importance of telomere length to human health, aging, and cancer continues to be underappreciated. This review examines some basics of telomere biology and relates how telomere function, telomerase activity, and mutations in TERC or TERT are involved in bone marrow failure, leukemias, and other cancers. Given the challenge to obtain accurate data on telomerase activity and telomere length in specific cell types, the situation in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains puzzling. In most cancers, telomerase levels are increased after cells have encountered a "telomere crisis," which is typically associated with poor prognosis. Cells emerging from "telomere crisis" have defective DNA damage responses, resulting, for example, from loss of p53. Such cells often express elevated telomerase levels as a result of point mutations in the TERT promoter or amplification of the TERT gene. While telomeres in AML blasts are typically shorter than expected for normal leukocytes, most AML cells do not show evidence of having gone through a "telomere crisis." In chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), the difference between the telomere length in nonmalignant T cells and malignant blasts from the same patient was found to correlate with the remaining duration of the chronic phase. This observation supports that a mitotic clock is ticking in CML stem cells and that disease progression in CML heralds the onset of a "telomere crisis." The presence of very short telomeres in tumor cells was found to predict disease progression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, myeloma, and various solid tumors. In view of these findings longitudinal studies of telomere length in AML appear worthwhile.
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21
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Vasu V, Turner KJ, George S, Greenall J, Slijepcevic P, Griffin DK. Preterm infants have significantly longer telomeres than their term born counterparts. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180082. [PMID: 28658264 PMCID: PMC5489189 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There are well-established morbidities associated with preterm birth including respiratory, neurocognitive and developmental disorders. However several others have recently emerged that characterise an 'aged' phenotype in the preterm infant by term-equivalent age. These include hypertension, insulin resistance and altered body fat distribution. Evidence shows that these morbidities persist into adult life, posing a significant public health concern. In this study, we measured relative telomere length in leukocytes as an indicator of biological ageing in 25 preterm infants at term equivalent age. Comparing our measurements with those from 22 preterm infants sampled at birth and from 31 term-born infants, we tested the hypothesis that by term equivalent age, preterm infants have significantly shorter telomeres (thus suggesting that they are prematurely aged). Our results demonstrate that relative telomere length is highly variable in newborn infants and is significantly negatively correlated with gestational age and birth weight in preterm infants. Further, longitudinal assessment in preterm infants who had telomere length measurements available at both birth and term age (n = 5) suggests that telomere attrition rate is negatively correlated with increasing gestational age. Contrary to our initial hypothesis however, relative telomere length was significantly shortest in the term born control group compared to both preterm groups and longest in the preterm at birth group. In addition, telomere lengths were not significantly different between preterm infants sampled at birth and those sampled at term equivalent age. These results indicate that other, as yet undetermined, factors may influence telomere length in the preterm born infant and raise the intriguing hypothesis that as preterm gestation declines, telomere attrition rate increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vimal Vasu
- Department of Child Health, East Kent Hospitals University Foundation NHS Trust, William Harvey Hospital, Ashford, Kent, United Kingdom
- University of Kent, School of Biosciences, Giles Lane, Canterbury, Kent, United Kingdom
| | - Kara J. Turner
- University of Kent, School of Biosciences, Giles Lane, Canterbury, Kent, United Kingdom
| | - Shermi George
- Department of Child Health, East Kent Hospitals University Foundation NHS Trust, William Harvey Hospital, Ashford, Kent, United Kingdom
| | - John Greenall
- Department of Child Health, East Kent Hospitals University Foundation NHS Trust, William Harvey Hospital, Ashford, Kent, United Kingdom
| | - Predrag Slijepcevic
- Brunel University London, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Uxbridge, Middlesex, United Kingdom
| | - Darren K. Griffin
- University of Kent, School of Biosciences, Giles Lane, Canterbury, Kent, United Kingdom
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22
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Virtgaym E, Tremblay D, Iancu-Rubin C, Hoffman R, Mascarenhas J. Imetelstat for treatment of myelofibrosis. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/21678707.2017.1266934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Virtgaym
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - D. Tremblay
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - C. Iancu-Rubin
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - R. Hoffman
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - J. Mascarenhas
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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23
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Creutzig U, Zimmermann M, Reinhardt D, Rasche M, von Neuhoff C, Alpermann T, Dworzak M, Perglerová K, Zemanova Z, Tchinda J, Bradtke J, Thiede C, Haferlach C. Changes in cytogenetics and molecular genetics in acute myeloid leukemia from childhood to adult age groups. Cancer 2016; 122:3821-3830. [DOI: 10.1002/cncr.30220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Creutzig
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
| | - Martin Zimmermann
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
| | - Dirk Reinhardt
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology; University of Duisburg-Essen; Essen Germany
| | - Mareike Rasche
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology; University of Duisburg-Essen; Essen Germany
| | - Christine von Neuhoff
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology; University of Duisburg-Essen; Essen Germany
| | | | - Michael Dworzak
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Anna Children's Hospital and Children's Cancer Research Institute; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | | | - Zuzana Zemanova
- Center of Oncocytogenetics, Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine; Charles University; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Joelle Tchinda
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Jutta Bradtke
- Institute for Pathology; University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg; Giessen Germany
| | - Christian Thiede
- Medical Clinic and Policlinic I, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital; Technical University; Dresden Germany
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24
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Watts JM, Dumitriu B, Hilden P, Kishtagari A, Rapaport F, Chen C, Ahn J, Devlin SM, Stein EM, Rampal R, Levine RL, Young N, Tallman MS. Telomere length and associations with somatic mutations and clinical outcomes in acute myeloid leukemia. Leuk Res 2016; 49:62-5. [PMID: 27568819 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2016.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We examined the genetic implications and clinical impact of telomere length (TL) in 67 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). There was a trend toward improved survival at 6 months in patients with longer TL. We found that patients with activating mutations, such as FLT3-ITD, had shorter TL, while those with mutations in epigenetic modifying enzymes, particularly IDH1 and IDH2, had longer TL. These are intriguing findings that warrant further investigation in larger cohorts. Our data show the potential of TL as a predictive biomarker in AML and identify genetic subsets that may be particularly vulnerable to telomere-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M Watts
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States; Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Bogdan Dumitriu
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Patrick Hilden
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ashwin Kishtagari
- Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States; Department of Medicine, Mt. Sinai St. Luke's Roosevelt Hospital, New York, NY, United States
| | - Franck Rapaport
- Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Christina Chen
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jihae Ahn
- Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sean M Devlin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Eytan M Stein
- Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Raajit Rampal
- Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ross L Levine
- Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Neal Young
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Martin S Tallman
- Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
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25
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Zhang X, Li B, de Jonge N, Björkholm M, Xu D. The DNA methylation inhibitor induces telomere dysfunction and apoptosis of leukemia cells that is attenuated by telomerase over-expression. Oncotarget 2016; 6:4888-900. [PMID: 25682873 PMCID: PMC4467122 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (DNMTIs) such as 5-azacytidine (5-AZA) have been used for treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and other malignancies. Although inhibiting global/gene-specific DNA methylation is widely accepted as a key mechanism behind DNMTI anti-tumor activity, other mechanisms are likely involved in DNMTI's action. Because telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) plays key roles in cancer through telomere elongation and telomere lengthening-independent activities, and TERT has been shown to confer chemo- or radio-resistance to cancer cells, we determine whether DNMTIs affect telomere function and whether TERT/telomerase interferes with their anti-cancer efficacy. We showed that 5-AZA induced DNA damage and telomere dysfunction in AML cell lines by demonstrating the presence of 53-BP1 foci and the co-localization of 53-BP1 foci with telomere signals, respectively. Telomere dysfunction was coupled with diminished TERT expression, shorter telomere and apoptosis in 5-AZA-treated cells. However, 5-AZA treatment did not lead to changes in the methylation status of subtelomere regions. Down-regulation of TERT expression similarly occurred in primary leukemic cells derived from AML patients exposed to 5-AZA. TERT over-expression significantly attenuated 5-AZA-mediated DNA damage, telomere dysfunction and apoptosis of AML cells. Collectively, 5-AZA mediates the down-regulation of TERT expression, and induces telomere dysfunction, which consequently exerts an anti-tumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bingnan Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nick de Jonge
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Björkholm
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dawei Xu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
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26
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Ock SA, Lee YM, Park JS, Shivakumar SB, Moon SW, Sung NJ, Lee WJ, Jang SJ, Park JM, Lee SC, Lee SL, Rho GJ. Evaluation of phenotypic, functional and molecular characteristics of porcine mesenchymal stromal/stem cells depending on donor age, gender and tissue source. J Vet Med Sci 2016; 78:987-95. [PMID: 26922917 PMCID: PMC4937159 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.15-0596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The biological properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are influenced by donor age, gender and/or tissue
sources. The present study investigated the cellular and molecular properties of porcine mesenchymal
stromal/stem cells (MSCs) isolated from different tissues (adipose & dermal skin) and sex at
different ages (1 week & 8 months after birth) with similar genetic and environmental backgrounds. MSCs
were analyzed for alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity, CD90 and Oct3/4 expression, in vitro
differentiation ability, senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal)
activity, telomeric properties, cell cycle status and expression of senescence (IL6, c-myc, TGFβ, p53 and
p21)- and apoptosis (Bak and Bcl2)-related proteins. An age-dependent decline in AP activity and adipogenesis
was observed in all MSCs, except for male A-MSCs. CD90 expression did not change, but
SA-β-Gal activity increased with advancement in age, except in A-MSCs. Telomeric properties
were similar in all MSCs, whereas expression levels of Oct3/4 protein declined with the advancement in age.
p21 expression was increased with increase in donor age. Male derived cells have shown higher IL6 expression.
The expression of p53 was slightly lower in MSCs of dermal tissue than in adipose tissue. Bak was expressed in
all MSCs regardless of age, but up regulation of Bcl2 was observed in DS-MSCs derived at 1 week after birth.
In conclusion, adipose tissue-derived MSCs from young female individuals were found to be more resistant to
senescence under in vitro culture conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-A Ock
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501, Jinju-daero, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
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Leukocyte Telomere Length in Young Adults Born Preterm: Support for Accelerated Biological Ageing. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143951. [PMID: 26619005 PMCID: PMC4664383 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subjects born preterm have an increased risk for age-associated diseases, such as cardiovascular disease in later life, but the underlying causes are largely unknown. Shorter leukocyte telomere length (LTL), a marker of biological age, is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. OBJECTIVES To compare LTL between subjects born preterm and at term and to assess if LTL is associated with other putative cardiovascular risk factors at young adult age. METHODS We measured mean LTL in 470 young adults. LTL was measured using a quantitative PCR assay and expressed as T/S ratio. We analyzed the influence of gestational age on LTL and compared LTL between subjects born preterm (n = 186) and at term (n = 284). Additionally, we analyzed the correlation between LTL and potential risk factors of cardiovascular disease. RESULTS Gestational age was positively associated with LTL (r = 0.11, p = 0.02). Subjects born preterm had shorter LTL (mean (SD) T/S ratio = 3.12 (0.44)) than subjects born at term (mean (SD) T/S ratio = 3.25 (0.46)), p = 0.003). The difference remained significant after adjustment for gender and size at birth (p = 0.001). There was no association of LTL with any one of the putative risk factors analyzed. CONCLUSIONS Young adults born preterm have shorter LTL than young adults born at term. Although we found no correlation between LTL and risk for CVD at this young adult age, this biological ageing indicator may contribute to CVD and other adult onset diseases at a later age in those born preterm.
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Hänzelmann S, Beier F, Gusmao EG, Koch CM, Hummel S, Charapitsa I, Joussen S, Benes V, Brümmendorf TH, Reid G, Costa IG, Wagner W. Replicative senescence is associated with nuclear reorganization and with DNA methylation at specific transcription factor binding sites. Clin Epigenetics 2015; 7:19. [PMID: 25763115 PMCID: PMC4356053 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-015-0057-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Primary cells enter replicative senescence after a limited number of cell divisions. This process needs to be considered in cell culture experiments, and it is particularly important for regenerative medicine. Replicative senescence is associated with reproducible changes in DNA methylation (DNAm) at specific sites in the genome. The mechanism that drives senescence-associated DNAm changes remains unknown - it may involve stochastic DNAm drift due to imperfect maintenance of epigenetic marks or it is directly regulated at specific sites in the genome. Results In this study, we analyzed the reorganization of nuclear architecture and DNAm changes during long-term culture of human fibroblasts and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). We demonstrate that telomeres shorten and shift towards the nuclear center at later passages. In addition, DNAm profiles, either analyzed by MethylCap-seq or by 450k IlluminaBeadChip technology, revealed consistent senescence-associated hypermethylation in regions associated with H3K27me3, H3K4me3, and H3K4me1 histone marks, whereas hypomethylation was associated with chromatin containing H3K9me3 and lamina-associated domains (LADs). DNA hypermethylation was significantly enriched in the vicinity of genes that are either up- or downregulated at later passages. Furthermore, specific transcription factor binding motifs (e.g. EGR1, TFAP2A, and ETS1) were significantly enriched in differentially methylated regions and in the promoters of differentially expressed genes. Conclusions Senescence-associated DNA hypermethylation occurs at specific sites in the genome and reflects functional changes in the course of replicative senescence. These results indicate that tightly regulated epigenetic modifications during long-term culture contribute to changes in nuclear organization and gene expression. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13148-015-0057-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Hänzelmann
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research (IZKF), RWTH University Medical School, Aachen, Germany ; Institute for Biomedical Technology - Cell Biology, RWTH University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
| | - Fabian Beier
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
| | - Eduardo G Gusmao
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research (IZKF), RWTH University Medical School, Aachen, Germany ; Institute for Biomedical Technology - Cell Biology, RWTH University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
| | - Carmen M Koch
- Institute for Biomedical Technology - Cell Biology, RWTH University Medical School, Aachen, Germany ; Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Stem Cell Biology and Cellular Engineering, RWTH University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hummel
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Sylvia Joussen
- Institute for Biomedical Technology - Cell Biology, RWTH University Medical School, Aachen, Germany ; Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Stem Cell Biology and Cellular Engineering, RWTH University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
| | - Vladimir Benes
- Genomics Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tim H Brümmendorf
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
| | - George Reid
- Institute for Molecular Biology, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ivan G Costa
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research (IZKF), RWTH University Medical School, Aachen, Germany ; Institute for Biomedical Technology - Cell Biology, RWTH University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wagner
- Institute for Biomedical Technology - Cell Biology, RWTH University Medical School, Aachen, Germany ; Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Stem Cell Biology and Cellular Engineering, RWTH University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
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Senescence and apoptosis block hematopoietic activation of quiescent hematopoietic stem cells with short telomeres. Blood 2014; 124:3237-40. [PMID: 25232057 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-04-568055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomere shortening limits the proliferative capacity of human cells, and age-dependent shortening of telomeres occurs in somatic tissues including hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). It is currently unknown whether genomic and molecular damage that occurs in HSCs induced by telomere shortening is transmitted to the progenitor cells. Here we show that telomere shortening results in DNA damage accumulation and gene expression changes in quiescent HSCs of aged mice. Upon activation, a subset of HSCs with elevated levels of DNA damage and p16 expression are blocked from cell cycle entry, and apoptosis is induced in HSCs entering the cell cycle. Activation of both checkpoints associates with normalization of DNA damage and gene expression profiles at early progenitor stages. These findings indicate that quiescent HSCs have an elevated tolerance to accumulate genomic alterations in response to telomere shortening, but the transmission of these aberrations to the progenitor cell level is prevented by senescence and apoptosis.
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Abstract
Most organisms, including ourselves, are exposed to environmental stressors at various points during life, and responses to such stressors have been optimised by evolution to give the best fitness outcomes. It is expected that environmental change will substantially increase long-term stress exposure in many animal groups in the coming decades. A major challenge for biologists is to understand and predict how this will influence individuals, populations and ecosystems, and over what time scale such effects will occur. This requires a multi-disciplinary approach, combining studies of mechanisms with studies of fitness consequences for individuals and their descendants. In this review, I discuss the positive and negative fitness consequences of responses to stressful environments, particularly during early life, and with an emphasis on studies in birds. As many of the mechanisms underlying stress responses are highly conserved across the vertebrate groups, the findings from these studies have general applicability when interpreted in a life history context. One important route that has recently been identified whereby chronic stress exposure can affect health and longevity over long time frames is via effects on telomere dynamics. Much of this work has so far been done on humans, and is correlational in nature, but studies on other taxa, and experimental work, are increasing. I summarise the relevant aspects of vertebrate telomere biology and critically appraise our current knowledge with a view to pointing out important future research directions for our understanding of how stress exposure influences life histories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pat Monaghan
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Graham Kerr Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
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Aref S, El-Ghonemy MS, Abouzeid TE, El-Sabbagh AM, El-Baiomy MA. Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) A1062T mutation as a prognostic factor in Egyptian patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Med Oncol 2014; 31:158. [PMID: 25108601 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-014-0158-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the incidence and clinical and prognostic impact of TERT A1062T mutation in AML patients treated at Mansoura Oncology Center. Screening for TERT A1062T mutation in exon 15 of the TERT gene was performed on diagnostic DNA samples from 153 AML patients and 197 healthy subjects as a control group by using sequence-specific primers. TERT A1062T mutation was detected in 18 cases out of 153 patients (11.8 %) and in one out of 197 control group subjects (0.51 %). The achievement of complete remission was significantly higher in AML group with wild type as compared to that in the mutant one (53.3 vs 16.7 %, respectively). In addition, the relapse rate was significantly higher in the mutant patients as compared to those with wild type (62.5 vs 28.2 %, respectively). The AML patients with TERT (A1062T) mutation had shorter overall survival than patients with wild type (P = 0.001). In a multivariable analysis, TERT (A1062T) mutational status is independently worse predictor factor (P = 0.007) when controlling for cytogenetic status (P = <0.001), performance status (P = <0.001) and bone marrow blast cells (P = 0.001). In conclusion, TERT A1062T mutation is an independent negative prognostic factor in AML patients. Therefore, molecular testing for TERT A1062T mutation in patients with AML is recommended in order to delineate their prognostic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah Aref
- Hematology Unit, Clinical Pathology Department, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt,
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Chen G, Yue A, Ruan Z, Yin Y, Wang R, Ren Y, Zhu L. Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells do not undergo malignant transformation during long-term culturing in serum-free medium. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98565. [PMID: 24887492 PMCID: PMC4041760 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) are in the foreground as a preferable application for treating diseases. However, the safety of hUC-MSCs after long-term culturing in vitro in serum-free medium remains unclear. METHODS hUC-MSCs were separated by adherent tissue culture. hUC-MSCs were cultured in serum-free MesenCult-XF medium and FBS-bases DMEM complete medium. At the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 8th, 10th, and 15th passage, the differentiation of MSCs into osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic cells was detected, and MTT, surface antigens were measured. Tumorigenicity was analyzed at the 15th passage. Conventional karyotyping was performed at passage 0, 8, and 15. The telomerase activity of hUC-MSCs at passage 1-15 was analyzed. RESULTS Flow cytometry analysis showed that very high expression was detected for CD105, CD73, and CD90 and very low expression for CD45, CD34, CD14, CD79a, and HLA-DR. MSCs could differentiate into osteocytes, chondrocytes, and adipocytes in vitro. There was no obvious chromosome elimination, displacement, or chromosomal imbalance as determined from the guidelines of the International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature. Telomerase activity was down-regulated significantly when the culture time was prolonged. Further, no tumors formed in rats injected with hUC-MSCs (P15) cultured in serum-free and in serum-containing conditions. CONCLUSION Our data showed that hUC-MSCs met the International Society for Cellular Therapy standards for conditions of long-term in vitro culturing at P15. Since hUC-MSCs can be safely expanded in vitro and are not susceptible to malignant transformation in serum-free medium, these cells are suitable for cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gecai Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Aihuan Yue
- Jiangsu Beike Bio-Technology Co., Ltd, Taizhou, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Zhongbao Ruan
- Department of Cardiology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Yigang Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu province, China
| | - RuZhu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Yin Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu province, China
- * E-mail:
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Differential sensitivity of telomerase from human hematopoietic stem cells and leukemic cell lines to mild hyperthermia. Cell Biochem Biophys 2014; 69:681-91. [PMID: 24590263 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-014-9853-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the effects of hyperthermia (HT) on cell proliferation and telomerase activity of human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and compared with human leukemic cell lines (TF-1, K562 and HL-60). The cells were exposed to HT at 42 and 43 °C up to 120 min. The cells were incubated at 37 °C for 96 h. Then the cells were collected and assayed for cell proliferation, viability, telomerase activity, and terminal restriction fragment (TRF) lengths. The enzyme activity from HSCs was decreased up to 68.6 at 42 and 85.1 % at 43 °C for 120 min. This inhibition in leukemic cells was up to 28.9 and 53.6 % in TF-1; 53 and 63.9 % in K562; 45.2 and 61.1 % in HL-60 cells. The treated cells showed TRF lengths about 5.3 kb for control HL-60 cells, 5.0 kb for HL-60 cells treated at 42 and 4.5 kb at 43 °C for 120 min. In HSCs, the TRF length was about 4.5 kb for untreated cells and 4.0-4.5 kb for treated cells at 42 and 43 °C for 120 min. The time response curves indicated that, inhibition of the enzyme activity in leukemic cells was dependent to the time of exposure to HT. But in HSCs, the inhibition was reached to steady state at 15 min exposure to 43 °C heat stress. TRF length was constant at treated two types of cells, which implies that in cells subjected to mild HT no telomere shortening was observed.
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Fallet E, Jolivet P, Soudet J, Lisby M, Gilson E, Teixeira MT. Length-dependent processing of telomeres in the absence of telomerase. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 42:3648-65. [PMID: 24393774 PMCID: PMC3973311 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkt1328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In the absence of telomerase, telomeres progressively shorten with every round of DNA replication, leading to replicative senescence. In telomerase-deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the shortest telomere triggers the onset of senescence by activating the DNA damage checkpoint and recruiting homologous recombination (HR) factors. Yet, the molecular structures that trigger this checkpoint and the mechanisms of repair have remained elusive. By tracking individual telomeres, we show that telomeres are subjected to different pathways depending on their length. We first demonstrate a progressive accumulation of subtelomeric single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) through 5'-3' resection as telomeres shorten. Thus, exposure of subtelomeric ssDNA could be the signal for cell cycle arrest in senescence. Strikingly, early after loss of telomerase, HR counteracts subtelomeric ssDNA accumulation rather than elongates telomeres. We then asked whether replication repair pathways contribute to this mechanism. We uncovered that Rad5, a DNA helicase/Ubiquitin ligase of the error-free branch of the DNA damage tolerance (DDT) pathway, associates with native telomeres and cooperates with HR in senescent cells. We propose that DDT acts in a length-independent manner, whereas an HR-based repair using the sister chromatid as a template buffers precocious 5'-3' resection at the shortest telomeres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Fallet
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, FRE3354, 75005 Paris, France, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire de la Cellule, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université de Lyon 1, UMR5239, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS UMR7284/INSERM U1081, Faculty of Medicine, Nice F-06107, France and Department of Medical Genetics, CHU Nice, 06202 Nice cedex 3, France
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DNA Methylation Changes during In Vitro Propagation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Implications for Their Genomic Stability? Stem Cells Int 2013; 2013:192425. [PMID: 24288545 PMCID: PMC3833027 DOI: 10.1155/2013/192425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold great promise for the treatment of numerous diseases. A major problem for MSC therapeutic use is represented by the very low amount of MSCs which can be isolated from different tissues; thus ex vivo expansion is indispensable. Long-term culture, however, is associated with extensive morphological and functional changes of MSCs. In addition, the concern that they may accumulate stochastic mutations which lead the risk of malignant transformation still remains. Overall, the genome of human MSCs (hMSCs) appears to be apparently stable throughout culture, though transient clonal aneuploidies have been detected. Particular attention should be given to the use of low-oxygen environment in order to increase the proliferative capacity of hMSCs, since data on the effect of hypoxic culture conditions on genomic stability are few and contradictory. Furthermore, specific and reproducible epigenetic changes were acquired by hMSCs during ex vivo expansion, which may be connected and trigger all the biological changes observed. In this review we address current issues on long-term culture of hMSCs with a 360-degree view, starting from the genomic profiles and back, looking for an epigenetic interpretation of their genetic stability.
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Sellers SE, Dumitriu B, Morgan MJ, Hughes WM, Wu CO, Raghavarchari N, Yang Y, Uchida N, Tisdale JF, An DS, Chen IS, Hematti P, Donahue RE, Larochelle A, Young NS, Calado RT, Dunbar CE. No impact of lentiviral transduction on hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell telomere length or gene expression in the rhesus macaque model. Mol Ther 2013; 22:52-8. [PMID: 23863881 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2013.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of clonal perturbations and leukemia in patients transplanted with gamma-retroviral (RV) vector-transduced autologous hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) has stimulated extensive investigation, demonstrating that proviral insertions may perturb adjacent proto-oncogene expression. Although enhancer-deleted lentiviruses are less likely to result in insertional oncogenesis, there is evidence that they may perturb transcript splicing, and one patient with a benign clonal expansion of lentivirally transduced HPSC has been reported. The rhesus macaque model provides an opportunity for informative long-term analysis to ask whether transduction impacts on long-term HSPC properties. We used two techniques to examine whether lentivirally transduced HSPCs from eight rhesus macaques transplanted 1-13.5 years previously are perturbed at a population level, comparing telomere length as a measure of replicative history and gene expression profile of vector positive versus vector negative cells. There were no differences in telomere lengths between sorted GFP+ and GFP- blood cells, suggesting that lentiviral (LV) transduction did not globally disrupt replicative patterns. Bone marrow GFP+ and GF- CD34+ cells showed no differences in gene expression using unsupervised and principal component analysis. These studies did not uncover any global long-term perturbation of proliferation, differentiation, or other important functional parameters of transduced HSPCs in the rhesus macaque model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie E Sellers
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Bogdan Dumitriu
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mary J Morgan
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - William M Hughes
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Colin O Wu
- Office of Biostatistics Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nalini Raghavarchari
- DNA Sequencing and Genomics Core, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yanqin Yang
- DNA Sequencing and Genomics Core, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Naoya Uchida
- Molecular and Clinical Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - John F Tisdale
- Molecular and Clinical Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Dong S An
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen Schools of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Irvin S Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen Schools of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Peiman Hematti
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Robert E Donahue
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Andre Larochelle
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Neal S Young
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rodrigo T Calado
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Cynthia E Dunbar
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Telomere shortening in Ph-negative chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms: A biological marker of polycythemia vera and myelofibrosis, regardless of hydroxycarbamide therapy. Exp Hematol 2013; 41:627-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2013.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Revised: 03/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Teixeira MT. Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a Model to Study Replicative Senescence Triggered by Telomere Shortening. Front Oncol 2013; 3:101. [PMID: 23638436 PMCID: PMC3636481 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2013.00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In many somatic human tissues, telomeres shorten progressively because of the DNA-end replication problem. Consequently, cells cease to proliferate and are maintained in a metabolically viable state called replicative senescence. These cells are characterized by an activation of DNA damage checkpoints stemming from eroded telomeres, which are bypassed in many cancer cells. Hence, replicative senescence has been considered one of the most potent tumor suppressor pathways. However, the mechanism through which short telomeres trigger this cellular response is far from being understood. When telomerase is removed experimentally in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, telomere shortening also results in a gradual arrest of population growth, suggesting that replicative senescence also occurs in this unicellular eukaryote. In this review, we present the key steps that have contributed to the understanding of the mechanisms underlying the establishment of replicative senescence in budding yeast. As in mammals, signals stemming from short telomeres activate the DNA damage checkpoints, suggesting that the early cellular response to the shortest telomere(s) is conserved in evolution. Yet closer analysis reveals a complex picture in which the apparent single checkpoint response may result from a variety of telomeric alterations expressed in the absence of telomerase. Accordingly, the DNA replication of eroding telomeres appears as a critical challenge for senescing budding yeast cells and the easy manipulation of S. cerevisiae is providing insights into the way short telomeres are integrated into their chromatin and nuclear environments. Finally, the loss of telomerase in budding yeast triggers a more general metabolic alteration that remains largely unexplored. Thus, telomerase-deficient S. cerevisiae cells may have more common points than anticipated with somatic cells, in which telomerase depletion is naturally programed, thus potentially inspiring investigations in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Teresa Teixeira
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, FRE3354 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique Paris, France
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Deezagi A, Abedi-Tashi M. Studying the enucleation process, DNA breakdown and telomerase activity of the K562 cell lines during erythroid differentiation in vitro. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2013; 49:122-33. [PMID: 23288413 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-012-9574-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
During erythropoiesis, some organelles such as mitochondria and nucleus are lost by autophagy and enucleation processes in the presence of macrophages in vivo. In vitro production of erythrocytes has raised many questions about the mechanism of enucleation. The aim of this work was to study the DNA breakdown, enucleation, hemoglobin synthesis and telomerase activity of K562 cells during erythroid differentiation. For these purposes, K562 cells were induced to differentiate by erythropoietin + rhGM-CSF, DMSO, and sodium butyrate separately up to 14 d. In different time intervals, hemoglobin synthesis was evaluated by benzidine staining and RT-PCR for γ-globin gene expression. DNA breakdown was analyzed by 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining, DNA ladder electrophoresis and comet assay. The telomerase activity was evaluated by TRAP assay. Our result indicated that, sodium butyrate and DMSO inhibited K562 cell growth about 50-60% in comparison to untreated control cells. The percentage of benzidine-positive cells was about 45% in the presence of sodium butyrate after 10 d. Densitometric analysis of RT-PCR and calculated data indicated a 1.5-fold increase in relative γ-globin gene expression at 96 h, in the presence of 1 mM sodium butyrate in comparison with untreated cells. DAPI staining did not reveal any evidence of internal lysis of the nucleus during erythroid differentiation at first wk, but this was obvious in the second wk. DNA laddering pattern was not observed in differentiated cells during 14 d. In comet assay, the percentage of DNA in tail, tail length, and tail moment were significantly different between untreated and treated cells (p < 0.05). Telomerase activity was inhibited up to 90.3% during erythroid differentiation of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolkhaleg Deezagi
- Department of Biochemistry, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran.
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Wuchter P, Wagner W, Ho AD. Mesenchymal Stem Cells – An Oversimplified Nomenclature for Extremely Heterogeneous Progenitors. Regen Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-5690-8_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Redaelli S, Bentivegna A, Foudah D, Miloso M, Redondo J, Riva G, Baronchelli S, Dalprà L, Tredici G. From cytogenomic to epigenomic profiles: monitoring the biologic behavior of in vitro cultured human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2012; 3:47. [PMID: 23168092 PMCID: PMC3580477 DOI: 10.1186/scrt138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) are multipotent cells that can differentiate into different cell lineages and have emerged as a promising tool for cell-targeted therapies and tissue engineering. Their use in a therapeutic context requires large-scale in vitro expansion, increasing the probability of genetic and epigenetic instabilities. Some evidence shows that an organized program of replicative senescence is triggered in human BM-MSCs (hBM-MSCs) on prolonged in vitro expansion that includes alterations in phenotype, differentiation potential, telomere length, proliferation rates, global gene-expression patterns, and DNA methylation profiles. Methods In this study, we monitored the chromosomal status, the biologic behavior, and the senescence state of hBM-MSCs derived from eight healthy donors at different passages during in vitro propagation. For a more complete picture, the telomere length was also monitored in five of eight donors, whereas the genomic profile was evaluated in three of eight donors by array-comparative genomic hybridization (array-CGH). Finally, an epigenomic profile was delineated and compared between early and late passages, by pooling DNA of hBM-MSCs from four donors. Results Our data indicate that long-term culture severely affects the characteristics of hBM-MSCs. All the observed changes (that is, enlarged morphology, decreased number of cell divisions, random loss of genomic regions, telomere shortening) might be regulated by epigenetic modifications. Gene Ontology analysis revealed that specific biologic processes of hBM-MSCs are affected by variations in DNA methylation from early to late passages. Conclusions Because we revealed a significant decrease in DNA methylation levels in hBM-MSCs during long-term culture, it is very important to unravel how these modifications can influence the biologic features of hBM-MSCs to keep track of this organized program and also to clarify the conflicting observations on hBM-MSC malignant transformation in the literature.
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Yao Y, Bellon M, Shelton SN, Nicot C. Tumor suppressors p53, p63TAα, p63TAy, p73α, and p73β use distinct pathways to repress telomerase expression. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:20737-47. [PMID: 22496369 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.319236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The promoter of the telomerase catalytic subunit (TERT) is subject to tight regulation and remains repressed in somatic cells to ensure their limited life span and to prevent tumor initiation. Here we report that the hTERT promoter is strongly repressed by p53 and the related family members p63 and p73. We found that p53-mediated repression was different in human and mouse cells and occurred through p53-dependent transcription inhibition of c-Myc or through E-box/E2F pathways, respectively. Although p63TAα-mediated repression occurred through SP1, p63TAy-mediated repression occurred through E2F signaling. Finally, p73α- and p73β-mediated repression occurred through NF-YB2. Our results show a complex multifactorial mechanism used by p53 and its family members to keep hTERT expression under tight control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yao
- Center for Viral Oncology and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA
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Abstract
Telomeres are noncoding DNA regions at the end of the chromosomes that are crucial for genome stability. Since telomere length decreases with cell division, they can be used as a signature of cell proliferation history. T-cell reconstitution in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) subjects, recipients of T-cell-depleted, allogeneic-related bone marrow cells, is due to the development and maturation of donor T-cell precursors in the infant's vestigial thymus and to homeostatic proliferation of mature T cells in the peripheral organs. Since T-cell function, thymic output, and T-cell clonal diversity are maintained long term in these patients, we investigated whether donor T-cell engraftment resulted in increased telomere shortening. Our study of seven SCID patients, following successful bone marrow transplantation, demonstrates that the patients' peripheral T cells did not exhibit greater than normal telomere shortening.
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Mansour H, Chowdari K, Fathi W, Elassy M, Ibrahim I, Wood J, Bamne M, Tobar S, Yassin A, Salah H, Elsayed H, Eissa A, El-Boraie H, Ibrahim NE, Elsayed M, El-Bahaei W, Gomaa Z, El-Chennawi F, Nimgaonkar VL. Does telomere length mediate associations between inbreeding and increased risk for bipolar I disorder and schizophrenia? Psychiatry Res 2011; 188:129-32. [PMID: 21300409 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2011.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2010] [Revised: 01/07/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We have recently found that consanguinity is a risk factor for bipolar I disorder (BP1) and schizophrenia (SZ) in Egypt. Inbreeding has been associated with increased cellular stress and impaired physiological function in plants and animals. Previous studies have reported that telomere length (TL), an index of oxidative stress and cellular senescence is significantly reduced among patients with SZ or mood disorders compared with control individuals. Hence we evaluated TL as a possible mediator of the observed association between consanguinity and BP1/SZ risk. Patients with BP1 (n=108), or SZ (n=60) were compared with screened adult controls in separate experiments. TL was estimated using a quantitative PCR (qPCR) based assay. The inbreeding coefficient/consanguinity rate was estimated in two ways: using 64 DNA polymorphisms ('DNA-based' rate); and from family history data ('self report'). Significant correlation between TL and DNA based inbreeding was not observed overall, though suggestive trends were present among the SZ cases. No significant case-control differences in TL were found after controlling for demographic variables. In conclusion, reduced TL may not explain a significant proportion of observed associations between consanguinity and risk for BP1/SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hader Mansour
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Spanoudakis E, Bazdiara I, Pantelidou D, Kotsianidis I, Papadopoulos V, Margaritis D, Xanthopoulidis G, Moustakidis E, Mantzourani S, Bourikas G, Tsatalas C. Dynamics of telomere's length and telomerase activity in Philadelphia chromosome negative myeloproliferative neoplasms. Leuk Res 2011; 35:459-64. [PMID: 20828816 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2010.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2010] [Revised: 07/30/2010] [Accepted: 07/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Telomere exhaustion and increased telomerase activity are associated with the acquisition of aggressive molecular events in a variety of haematological malignancies. In Philadelphia chromosome negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (Ph(neg)MPN's), telomere dynamics during clonal evolution of these diseases have not yet been fully elucidated. Herein we demonstrated that telomere shortening is a global phenomenon in Ph(neg)MPN's, irrespective of disease phenotype, treatment administration and JAK2V617F mutational status but the presence of additional cytogenetic abnormalities further affects them. Consistent with the above finding, TA was upregulated in CD34+ haemopoietic progenitors from almost all Ph(neg)MPN subgroups compared to healthy donors. Moreover, TL below the cut-off value of 27% could predict disease progression in Ph(neg)MPN patients (PFS at 5 years 39% vs 81%). Thus, TL emerges as a new prognostic marker in Ph(neg)MPN, reflecting probably the genetic instability of highly proliferating MPN clones.
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Shlush LI, Skorecki KL, Itzkovitz S, Yehezkel S, Segev Y, Shachar H, Berkovitz R, Adir Y, Vulto I, Lansdorp PM, Selig S. Telomere elongation followed by telomere length reduction, in leukocytes from divers exposed to intense oxidative stress – Implications for tissue and organismal aging. Mech Ageing Dev 2011; 132:123-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2011.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2010] [Revised: 01/26/2011] [Accepted: 01/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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JAK2V617F mutation is common in old patients with polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia. Aging Clin Exp Res 2011; 23:17-21. [PMID: 21499015 DOI: 10.1007/bf03324948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND JAK2V617F mutation occurs in 90% of polycythemia vera (PV) and in 50% of essential thrombocythemia (ET) patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS 253 consecutive patients affected by myeloproliferative disorders (MPD, 121 PV, 132 ET) were evaluated and stratified in 4 age groups: 18-39, 40-59, 60-75 and over 75 years (>75). The JAK2V617F mutation was searched and its allele burden was evaluated. RESULTS The percentage of mutated patients increased progressively with age mainly in patients >75 (p=0.0015 vs 18-39, p=0.0021 vs 40-59 and p=0.012 vs 60-75). We also found a progressive increase in allele burden with age (R2=0.042). Thrombotic events were more common in patients carrying the mutation in comparison with wild type (WT) (p=0.006, coefficient risk 1.94). No differences in the percentage of patients carrying the JAK2V617F mutation were found, in spite of different follow-up durations (<5 yrs, 5-10 yrs, 10-15 yrs, >15 yrs). The JAK2V617F allele burden was similar in patients with (57 ± 31%) and without (45 ± 26%) long-term hydroxyurea treatment. CONCLUSIONS JAK2V617F mutation is more common in old than in young patients with MPD. Older patients have an higher allele burden.
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Wuchter P, Wagner W, Ho AD. Mesenchymal Stem Cells: An Oversimplified Nomenclature for Extremely Heterogeneous Progenitors. Regen Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-9075-1_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Abstract
Telomeres are repetitive DNA sequences at the ends of eukaryote chromosomes. Telomere loss limits the number of times cells can divide and is intimately involved in cell loss and renewal. Average telomere length in cell samples generally declines with donor age but shows substantial intraspecific variation. Telomeres are potentially of great interest to evolutionary biologists since the balance of fitness costs and benefits associated with loss and restoration is linked to the biology of life span. Most telomere research is done in the context of human disease. Recently, however, there has been a burgeoning of interest in telomere dynamics in healthy organisms. The extent to which variation in telomere loss might be involved in the evolution of life histories, and constrain or underpin life history trade-offs, is a growing field of research. I discuss what we do and do not know about the links between telomere length and life histories and the extent to which variations in telomere length and loss rate are useful indicators of aging-related changes and/or the biological state of individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pat Monaghan
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biomedical & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
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Wagner W, Ho AD, Zenke M. Different Facets of Aging in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2010; 16:445-53. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2009.0825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Wagner
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Cellular Engineering, Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anthony D. Ho
- Department of Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Zenke
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Cellular Engineering, Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
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