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Xiao L, Zhang L, Guo C, Xin Q, Gu X, Jiang C, Wu J. "Find Me" and "Eat Me" signals: tools to drive phagocytic processes for modulating antitumor immunity. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2024; 44:791-832. [PMID: 38923737 PMCID: PMC11260773 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Phagocytosis, a vital defense mechanism, involves the recognition and elimination of foreign substances by cells. Phagocytes, such as neutrophils and macrophages, rapidly respond to invaders; macrophages are especially important in later stages of the immune response. They detect "find me" signals to locate apoptotic cells and migrate toward them. Apoptotic cells then send "eat me" signals that are recognized by phagocytes via specific receptors. "Find me" and "eat me" signals can be strategically harnessed to modulate antitumor immunity in support of cancer therapy. These signals, such as calreticulin and phosphatidylserine, mediate potent pro-phagocytic effects, thereby promoting the engulfment of dying cells or their remnants by macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells and inducing tumor cell death. This review summarizes the phagocytic "find me" and "eat me" signals, including their concepts, signaling mechanisms, involved ligands, and functions. Furthermore, we delineate the relationships between "find me" and "eat me" signaling molecules and tumors, especially the roles of these molecules in tumor initiation, progression, diagnosis, and patient prognosis. The interplay of these signals with tumor biology is elucidated, and specific approaches to modulate "find me" and "eat me" signals and enhance antitumor immunity are explored. Additionally, novel therapeutic strategies that combine "find me" and "eat me" signals to better bridge innate and adaptive immunity in the treatment of cancer patients are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyNational Institute of Healthcare Data Science at Nanjing University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsuP. R. China
| | - Louqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyNational Institute of Healthcare Data Science at Nanjing University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsuP. R. China
| | - Ciliang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyNational Institute of Healthcare Data Science at Nanjing University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsuP. R. China
| | - Qilei Xin
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong LaboratoryJinanShandongP. R. China
| | - Xiaosong Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyNational Institute of Healthcare Data Science at Nanjing University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsuP. R. China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong LaboratoryJinanShandongP. R. China
| | - Chunping Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyNational Institute of Healthcare Data Science at Nanjing University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsuP. R. China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong LaboratoryJinanShandongP. R. China
| | - Junhua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyNational Institute of Healthcare Data Science at Nanjing University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsuP. R. China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong LaboratoryJinanShandongP. R. China
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Naessens F, Demuynck R, Vershinina O, Efimova I, Saviuk M, De Smet G, Mishchenko TA, Vedunova MV, Krysko O, Catanzaro E, Krysko DV. CX3CL1 release during immunogenic apoptosis is associated with enhanced anti-tumour immunity. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1396349. [PMID: 39011040 PMCID: PMC11246865 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1396349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Immunogenic cell death (ICD) has emerged as a novel option for cancer immunotherapy. The key determinants of ICD encompass antigenicity (the presence of antigens) and adjuvanticity, which involves the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and various cytokines and chemokines. CX3CL1, also known as neurotactin or fractalkine, is a chemokine involved in cellular signalling and immune cell interactions. CX3CL1 has been denoted as a "find me" signal that stimulates chemotaxis of immune cells towards dying cells, facilitating efferocytosis and antigen presentation. However, in the context of ICD, it is uncertain whether CX3CL1 is an important mediator of the effects of ICD. Methods In this study, we investigated the intricate role of CX3CL1 in immunogenic apoptosis induced by mitoxantrone (MTX) in cancer cells. The Luminex xMAP technology was used to quantify murine cytokines, chemokines and growth factors to identify pivotal regulatory cytokines released by murine fibrosarcoma MCA205 and melanoma B16-F10 cells undergoing ICD. Moreover, a murine tumour prophylactic vaccination model was employed to analyse the effect of CX3CL1 on the activation of an adaptive immune response against MCA205 cells undergoing ICD. Furthermore, thorough analysis of the TCGA-SKCM public dataset from 98 melanoma patients revealed the role of CX3CL1 and its receptor CX3CR1 in melanoma patients. Results Our findings demonstrate enhanced CX3CL1 release from apoptotic MCA205 and B16-F10 cells (regardless of the cell type) but not if they are undergoing ferroptosis or accidental necrosis. Moreover, the addition of recombinant CX3CL1 to non-immunogenic doses of MTX-treated, apoptotically dying cancer cells in the murine prophylactic tumour vaccination model induced a robust immunogenic response, effectively increasing the survival of the mice. Furthermore, analysis of melanoma patient data revealed enhanced survival rates in individuals exhibiting elevated levels of CD8+ T cells expressing CX3CR1. Conclusion These data collectively underscore the importance of the release of CX3CL1 in eliciting an immunogenic response against dying cancer cells and suggest that CX3CL1 may serve as a key switch in conferring immunogenicity to apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faye Naessens
- Cell Death Investigation and Therapy Laboratory, Anatomy and Embryology Unit, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Robin Demuynck
- Cell Death Investigation and Therapy Laboratory, Anatomy and Embryology Unit, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Olga Vershinina
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Iuliia Efimova
- Cell Death Investigation and Therapy Laboratory, Anatomy and Embryology Unit, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mariia Saviuk
- Cell Death Investigation and Therapy Laboratory, Anatomy and Embryology Unit, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Greet De Smet
- Cell Death Investigation and Therapy Laboratory, Anatomy and Embryology Unit, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tatiana A. Mishchenko
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Maria V. Vedunova
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Olga Krysko
- Cell Death Investigation and Therapy Laboratory, Anatomy and Embryology Unit, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elena Catanzaro
- Cell Death Investigation and Therapy Laboratory, Anatomy and Embryology Unit, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dmitri V. Krysko
- Cell Death Investigation and Therapy Laboratory, Anatomy and Embryology Unit, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
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Szukiewicz D. CX3CL1 (Fractalkine)-CX3CR1 Axis in Inflammation-Induced Angiogenesis and Tumorigenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4679. [PMID: 38731899 PMCID: PMC11083509 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The chemotactic cytokine fractalkine (FKN, chemokine CX3CL1) has unique properties resulting from the combination of chemoattractants and adhesion molecules. The soluble form (sFKN) has chemotactic properties and strongly attracts T cells and monocytes. The membrane-bound form (mFKN) facilitates diapedesis and is responsible for cell-to-cell adhesion, especially by promoting the strong adhesion of leukocytes (monocytes) to activated endothelial cells with the subsequent formation of an extracellular matrix and angiogenesis. FKN signaling occurs via CX3CR1, which is the only known member of the CX3C chemokine receptor subfamily. Signaling within the FKN-CX3CR1 axis plays an important role in many processes related to inflammation and the immune response, which often occur simultaneously and overlap. FKN is strongly upregulated by hypoxia and/or inflammation-induced inflammatory cytokine release, and it may act locally as a key angiogenic factor in the highly hypoxic tumor microenvironment. The importance of the FKN/CX3CR1 signaling pathway in tumorigenesis and cancer metastasis results from its influence on cell adhesion, apoptosis, and cell migration. This review presents the role of the FKN signaling pathway in the context of angiogenesis in inflammation and cancer. The mechanisms determining the pro- or anti-tumor effects are presented, which are the cause of the seemingly contradictory results that create confusion regarding the therapeutic goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Szukiewicz
- Department of Biophysics, Physiology & Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland
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van Eck van der Sluijs J, van Ens D, Brummelman J, Heister D, Sareen A, Truijen L, van Ingen Schenau DS, Heemskerk MHM, Griffioen M, Kester MGD, Schaap NPM, Jansen JH, van der Waart AB, Dolstra H, Hobo W. Human CD34 +-derived complete plasmacytoid and conventional dendritic cell vaccine effectively induces antigen-specific CD8 + T cell and NK cell responses in vitro and in vivo. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:298. [PMID: 37728691 PMCID: PMC10511603 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04923-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT) can be curative for hemato-oncology patients due to effective graft-versus-tumor immunity. However, relapse remains the major cause of treatment failure, emphasizing the need for adjuvant immunotherapies. In this regard, post-transplantation dendritic cell (DC) vaccination is a highly interesting strategy to boost graft-versus-tumor responses. Previously, we developed a clinically applicable protocol for simultaneous large-scale generation of end-stage blood DC subsets from donor-derived CD34+ stem cells, including conventional type 1 and 2 DCs (cDC1s and cDC2s), and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs). In addition, the total cultured end-product (DC-complete vaccine), also contains non-end-stage-DCs (i.e. non-DCs). In this study, we aimed to dissect the phenotypic identity of these non-DCs and their potential immune modulatory functions on the potency of cDCs and pDCs in stimulating tumor-reactive CD8+ T and NK cell responses, in order to obtain rationale for clinical translation of our DC-complete vaccine. The non-DC compartment was heterogeneous and comprised of myeloid progenitors and (immature) granulocyte- and monocyte-like cells. Importantly, non-DCs potentiated toll-like receptor-induced DC maturation, as reflected by increased expression of co-stimulatory molecules and enhanced cDC-derived IL-12 and pDC-derived IFN-α production. Additionally, antigen-specific CD8+ T cells effectively expanded upon DC-complete vaccination in vitro and in vivo. This effect was strongly augmented by non-DCs in an antigen-independent manner. Moreover, non-DCs did not impair in vitro DC-mediated NK cell activation, degranulation nor cytotoxicity. Notably, in vivo i.p. DC-complete vaccination activated i.v. injected NK cells. Together, these data demonstrate that the non-DC compartment potentiates DC-mediated activation and expansion of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells and do not impair NK cell responses in vitro and in vivo. This underscores the rationale for further clinical translation of our CD34+-derived DC-complete vaccine in hemato-oncology patients post alloSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesper van Eck van der Sluijs
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein 8, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Diede van Ens
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein 8, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jolanda Brummelman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein 8, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Daan Heister
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein 8, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Aastha Sareen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein 8, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa Truijen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein 8, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Mirjam H M Heemskerk
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke Griffioen
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Michel G D Kester
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolaas P M Schaap
- Department of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Joop H Jansen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein 8, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anniek B van der Waart
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein 8, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Harry Dolstra
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein 8, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Willemijn Hobo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein 8, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Guo J, Feng S, Liu H, Chen Z, Ding C, Jin Y, Chen X, Ling Y, Zeng Y, Long H, Qiu H. TRIM6: An Upregulated Biomarker with Prognostic Significance and Immune Correlations in Gliomas. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1298. [PMID: 37759698 PMCID: PMC10527026 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the expression and prognostic value of TRIM6 in gliomas, the most prevalent primary brain and spinal cord tumors. Our results show that TRIM6 is predominantly overexpressed in glioma tissues and is associated with reduced overall survival, disease-specific survival, and progression-free interval. Furthermore, TRIM6 expression is correlated with WHO grade and primary treatment outcomes. Functional analysis indicates that interactions between cytokines and their receptors play a critical role in the prognosis of glioma patients. A protein-protein interaction network reveals 10 hub genes closely linked to cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. In vitro experiments demonstrate that silencing TRIM6 impairs the proliferation, invasion, and migration of glioma cells, while overexpressing TRIM6 enhances these abilities. Additionally, TRIM6 expression is positively associated with the abundance of innate immune cells and negatively associated with the abundance of adaptive immune cells. In summary, TRIM6 is significantly upregulated in gliomas and linked to poor prognosis, making it a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker. TRIM6 plays a crucial role in promoting cell viability, clonogenic potential, migration, and invasion in glioma cells. It may regulate glioma progression by modulating cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, leading to an inflammatory response and an imbalance in immunomodulation, thereby representing a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianrong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Gastric Surgery, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China; (J.G.); (C.D.); (Y.J.); (X.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Shoucheng Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China;
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Neurosurgery, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China; (H.L.); (Z.C.)
| | - Zhuopeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Neurosurgery, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China; (H.L.); (Z.C.)
| | - Chao Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Gastric Surgery, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China; (J.G.); (C.D.); (Y.J.); (X.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yukai Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Gastric Surgery, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China; (J.G.); (C.D.); (Y.J.); (X.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Xiaojiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Gastric Surgery, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China; (J.G.); (C.D.); (Y.J.); (X.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yudong Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Gastric Surgery, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China; (J.G.); (C.D.); (Y.J.); (X.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yi Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Gastric Surgery, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China; (J.G.); (C.D.); (Y.J.); (X.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Hao Long
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China;
| | - Haibo Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Gastric Surgery, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China; (J.G.); (C.D.); (Y.J.); (X.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.)
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Bottino C, Della Chiesa M, Sorrentino S, Morini M, Vitale C, Dondero A, Tondo A, Conte M, Garaventa A, Castriconi R. Strategies for Potentiating NK-Mediated Neuroblastoma Surveillance in Autologous or HLA-Haploidentical Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplants. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194548. [PMID: 36230485 PMCID: PMC9559312 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary High-risk neuroblastomas (HR-NB) are malignant tumors of childhood that are treated with a very aggressive and life-threatening approach; this includes autologous hemopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and the infusion of a mAb targeting the GD2 tumor-associated antigen. Although the current treatment provided benefits, the 5-year overall survival remains below 50% due to relapses and refractoriness to therapy. Thus, there is an urgent need to ameliorate the standard therapeutic protocol, particularly improving the immune-mediated anti-tumor responses. Our review aims at summarizing and critically discussing novel immunotherapeutic strategies in HR-NB, including NK cell-based therapies and HLA-haploidentical HSCT from patients’ family. Abstract High-risk neuroblastomas (HR-NB) still have an unacceptable 5-year overall survival despite the aggressive therapy. This includes standardized immunotherapy combining autologous hemopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and the anti-GD2 mAb. The treatment did not significantly change for more than one decade, apart from the abandonment of IL-2, which demonstrated unacceptable toxicity. Of note, immunotherapy is a promising therapeutic option in cancer and could be optimized by several strategies. These include the HLA-haploidentical αβT/B-depleted HSCT, and the antibody targeting of novel NB-associated antigens such as B7-H3, and PD1. Other approaches could limit the immunoregulatory role of tumor-derived exosomes and potentiate the low antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity of CD16 dim/neg NK cells, abundant in the early phase post-transplant. The latter effect could be obtained using multi-specific tools engaging activating NK receptors and tumor antigens, and possibly holding immunostimulatory cytokines in their construct. Finally, treatments also consider the infusion of novel engineered cytokines with scarce side effects, and cell effectors engineered with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs). Our review aims to discuss several promising strategies that could be successfully exploited to potentiate the NK-mediated surveillance of neuroblastoma, particularly in the HSCT setting. Many of these approaches are safe, feasible, and effective at pre-clinical and clinical levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Bottino
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-01056363855
| | - Mariella Della Chiesa
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Martina Morini
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Chiara Vitale
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Dondero
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Annalisa Tondo
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and HSCT, Meyer Children’s University Hospital, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Massimo Conte
- Pediatric Oncology Unit-IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - Alberto Garaventa
- Pediatric Oncology Unit-IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - Roberta Castriconi
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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Zamir MR, Shahi A, Salehi S, Amirzargar A. Natural killer cells and killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors in solid organ transplantation: Protectors or opponents? Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2022; 36:100723. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2022.100723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Øvestad IT, Engesæter B, Halle MK, Akbari S, Bicskei B, Lapin M, Austdal M, Janssen EAM, Krakstad C, Lillesand M, Nordhus M, Munk AC, Gudlaugsson EG. High-Grade Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN) Associates with Increased Proliferation and Attenuated Immune Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010373. [PMID: 35008799 PMCID: PMC8745058 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Implementation of high-risk human papilloma virus (HPV) screening and the increasing proportion of HPV vaccinated women in the screening program will reduce the percentage of HPV positive women with oncogenic potential. In search of more specific markers to identify women with high risk of cancer development, we used RNA sequencing to compare the transcriptomic immune-profile of 13 lesions with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 (CIN3) or adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) and 14 normal biopsies from women with detected HPV infections. In CIN3/AIS lesions as compared to normal tissue, 27 differential expressed genes were identified. Transcriptomic analysis revealed significantly higher expression of a number of genes related to proliferation, (CDKN2A, MELK, CDK1, MKI67, CCNB2, BUB1, FOXM1, CDKN3), but significantly lower expression of genes related to a favorable immune response (NCAM1, ARG1, CD160, IL18, CX3CL1). Compared to the RNA sequencing results, good correlation was achieved with relative quantitative PCR analysis for NCAM1 and CDKN2A. Quantification of NCAM1 positive cells with immunohistochemistry showed epithelial reduction of NCAM1 in CIN3/AIS lesions. In conclusion, NCAM1 and CDKN2A are two promising candidates to distinguish whether women are at high risk of developing cervical cancer and in need of frequent follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Tveiterås Øvestad
- Department of Pathology, Stavanger University Hospital, 4011 Stavanger, Norway; (S.A.); (B.B.); (E.A.M.J.); (M.L.); (M.N.); (E.G.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +47-9093-2314
| | - Birgit Engesæter
- Section for Cervical Cancer Screening, Cancer Registry of Norway, 0304 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Mari Kyllesø Halle
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5053 Bergen, Norway; (M.K.H.); (C.K.)
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5053 Bergen, Norway
| | - Saleha Akbari
- Department of Pathology, Stavanger University Hospital, 4011 Stavanger, Norway; (S.A.); (B.B.); (E.A.M.J.); (M.L.); (M.N.); (E.G.G.)
| | - Beatrix Bicskei
- Department of Pathology, Stavanger University Hospital, 4011 Stavanger, Norway; (S.A.); (B.B.); (E.A.M.J.); (M.L.); (M.N.); (E.G.G.)
| | - Morten Lapin
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Stavanger University Hospital, 4011 Stavanger, Norway;
| | - Marie Austdal
- Section of Biostatistics, Department of Research, Stavanger University Hospital, 4011 Stavanger, Norway;
| | - Emiel A. M. Janssen
- Department of Pathology, Stavanger University Hospital, 4011 Stavanger, Norway; (S.A.); (B.B.); (E.A.M.J.); (M.L.); (M.N.); (E.G.G.)
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Technology, University of Stavanger, 4036 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Camilla Krakstad
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5053 Bergen, Norway; (M.K.H.); (C.K.)
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5053 Bergen, Norway
| | - Melinda Lillesand
- Department of Pathology, Stavanger University Hospital, 4011 Stavanger, Norway; (S.A.); (B.B.); (E.A.M.J.); (M.L.); (M.N.); (E.G.G.)
| | - Marit Nordhus
- Department of Pathology, Stavanger University Hospital, 4011 Stavanger, Norway; (S.A.); (B.B.); (E.A.M.J.); (M.L.); (M.N.); (E.G.G.)
| | - Ane Cecilie Munk
- Department of Gynaecology, Sørlandet Hospital, 4604 Kristiansand, Norway;
| | - Einar G. Gudlaugsson
- Department of Pathology, Stavanger University Hospital, 4011 Stavanger, Norway; (S.A.); (B.B.); (E.A.M.J.); (M.L.); (M.N.); (E.G.G.)
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9
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Han J, Deng X, Sun R, Luo M, Liang M, Gu B, Zhang T, Peng Z, Lu Y, Tian C, Yan Y, Luo Z. GPI Is a Prognostic Biomarker and Correlates With Immune Infiltrates in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:752642. [PMID: 34912709 PMCID: PMC8666546 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.752642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI) plays an important role in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. However, the role of GPI in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains unclear. Methods All original data were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases and integrated via R 3.2.2. GPI expression was explored with TCGA, GEO, and Oncomine databases. Immunohistochemistry staining was used to analyze GPI expression in clinical specimens. The correlations between GPI and cancer immune characteristics were analyzed via the TIMER and TISIDB databases. GPI-specific siRNAs were used to verify the role of GPI expression on cell proliferation and cell cycle distribution. Results In general, GPI is predominantly overexpressed and has reference value in the diagnosis and prognostic estimation of LUAD. Upregulated GPI was associated with poorer overall survival, clinical stage, N stage, and primary therapy outcome in LUAD. Mechanistically, we identified a hub gene that included a total of 56 GPI-related genes, which were tightly associated with the cell cycle pathway in LUAD patients. Knockdown of GPI induced cell proliferation inhibition and cell cycle arrest. GPI expression was positively correlated with infiltrating levels of Th2 cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs); in contrast, GPI expression was negatively correlated with infiltrating levels of CD8+ T cells, central memory T cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, mast cells, and eosinophils. GPI was negatively correlated with the expression of immunostimulators, such as CD40L, IL6R, and TMEM173, in LUAD. Conclusion GPI may play an important role in the cell cycle and can be used as a prognostic biomarker for determining the prognosis and immune infiltration in LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Han
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Taihe Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University Union Training Base, Shiyan, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, The First Clinical College of Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xinzhou Deng
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Renhuang Sun
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Ming Luo
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Meng Liang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Bing Gu
- Department of Oncology, Danjiangkou First Hospital, Danjiangkou, China
| | - Te Zhang
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Zhen Peng
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Ying Lu
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Chao Tian
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Yutao Yan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Zhiguo Luo
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Taihe Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University Union Training Base, Shiyan, China.,Department of Clinical Oncology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
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10
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Lucarini V, Melaiu O, Tempora P, D’Amico S, Locatelli F, Fruci D. Dendritic Cells: Behind the Scenes of T-Cell Infiltration into the Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:433. [PMID: 33498755 PMCID: PMC7865357 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells have been shown to play a crucial role in controlling tumor progression. However, the recruitment and activation of these immune cells at the tumor site are strictly dependent on several factors, including the presence of dendritic cells (DCs), the main orchestrators of the antitumor immune responses. Among the various DC subsets, the role of cDC1s has been demonstrated in several preclinical experimental mouse models. In addition, the high density of tumor-infiltrating cDC1s has been associated with improved survival in many cancer patients. The ability of cDC1s to modulate antitumor activity depends on their interaction with other immune populations, such as NK cells. This evidence has led to the development of new strategies aimed at increasing the abundance and activity of cDC1s in tumors, thus providing attractive new avenues to enhance antitumor immunity for both established and novel anticancer immunotherapies. In this review, we provide an overview of the various subsets of DCs, focusing in particular on the role of cDC1s, their ability to interact with other intratumoral immune cells, and their prognostic significance on solid tumors. Finally, we outline key therapeutic strategies that promote the immunogenic functions of DCs in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Lucarini
- Department of Paediatric Haematology/Oncology and of Cell and Gene Therapy, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (V.L.); (O.M.); (P.T.); (S.D.); (F.L.)
| | - Ombretta Melaiu
- Department of Paediatric Haematology/Oncology and of Cell and Gene Therapy, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (V.L.); (O.M.); (P.T.); (S.D.); (F.L.)
| | - Patrizia Tempora
- Department of Paediatric Haematology/Oncology and of Cell and Gene Therapy, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (V.L.); (O.M.); (P.T.); (S.D.); (F.L.)
| | - Silvia D’Amico
- Department of Paediatric Haematology/Oncology and of Cell and Gene Therapy, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (V.L.); (O.M.); (P.T.); (S.D.); (F.L.)
| | - Franco Locatelli
- Department of Paediatric Haematology/Oncology and of Cell and Gene Therapy, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (V.L.); (O.M.); (P.T.); (S.D.); (F.L.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Doriana Fruci
- Department of Paediatric Haematology/Oncology and of Cell and Gene Therapy, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (V.L.); (O.M.); (P.T.); (S.D.); (F.L.)
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11
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Fractalkine/CX3CL1 in Neoplastic Processes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103723. [PMID: 32466280 PMCID: PMC7279446 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fractalkine/CX3C chemokine ligand 1 (CX3CL1) is a chemokine involved in the anticancer function of lymphocytes-mainly NK cells, T cells and dendritic cells. Its increased levels in tumors improve the prognosis for cancer patients, although it is also associated with a poorer prognosis in some types of cancers, such as pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. This work focuses on the 'hallmarks of cancer' involving CX3CL1 and its receptor CX3CR1. First, we describe signal transduction from CX3CR1 and the role of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in this process. Next, we present the role of CX3CL1 in the context of cancer, with the focus on angiogenesis, apoptosis resistance and migration and invasion of cancer cells. In particular, we discuss perineural invasion, spinal metastasis and bone metastasis of cancers such as breast cancer, pancreatic cancer and prostate cancer. We extensively discuss the importance of CX3CL1 in the interaction with different cells in the tumor niche: tumor-associated macrophages (TAM), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and microglia. We present the role of CX3CL1 in the development of active human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) brain tumors. Finally, we discuss the possible use of CX3CL1 in immunotherapy.
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12
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Chen EB, Zhou ZJ, Xiao K, Zhu GQ, Yang Y, Wang B, Zhou SL, Chen Q, Yin D, Wang Z, Shi YH, Gao DM, Chen J, Zhao Y, Wu WZ, Fan J, Zhou J, Dai Z. The miR-561-5p/CX 3CL1 Signaling Axis Regulates Pulmonary Metastasis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Involving CX 3CR1 + Natural Killer Cells Infiltration. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:4779-4794. [PMID: 31367257 PMCID: PMC6643446 DOI: 10.7150/thno.32543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cell can inhibit tumor initiation and regulates metastatic dissemination, acting as key mediators of the innate immune response. Intrinsic factors modulating NK cells infiltration and its anticancer activity remain poorly characterized. We investigated the roles of dysregulation of micro(mi)RNAs and NK cells in progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: Small RNA sequencing were used to detect the miRNA profiles of tumor tissues from HCC patients with (n=14) or without (n=13) pulmonary metastasis and HCC cell lines with different pulmonary metastatic potentials. Chemokine expression profiling and bioinformatics were used to detect the downstream target of candidate target. In gain- and loss-of-function assays were used to investigate the role of miRNA in HCC progression. Different subsets of NK cells were isolated and used for chemotaxis and functional assays in vivo and in vitro. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemical analyses were performed to detect the expression of miRNA in tumor tissues from 242 HCC patients undergoing curative resection from 2010. Results: Three miRNAs (miR-137, miR-149-5p, and miR-561-5p) were identified to be associated with pulmonary metastasis in patients with HCC. miR-561-5p was most highly overexpressed in metastatic HCC tissues and high-metastatic-potential HCC cell lines. In gain- and loss-of-function assays in a murine model, miR-561-5p promoted tumor growth and spread to the lungs. Yet, miR-561-5p did not appear to affect cellular proliferation and migration in vitro. Bioinformatics and chemokine expression profiling identified chemokine (C-X3-C motif) ligand 1 (CX3CL1) as a potential target of miR-561-5p. Furthermore, miR-561-5p promoted tumorigenesis and metastasis via CX3CL1-dependent regulation of CX3CR1+ NK cell infiltration and function. CX3CR1+ NK cells demonstrated stronger in vivo anti-metastatic activity relative to CX3CR1- NK cells. CX3CL1 stimulated chemotactic migration and cytotoxicity in CX3CR1+ NK cells via STAT3 signaling. Blockade of CX3CL1, CX3CR1, or of pSTAT3 signaling pathways attenuated the antitumor responses. Clinical samples exhibited a negative correlation between miR-561-5p expression and levels of CX3CL1 and CX3CR1+ NK cells. High miR-561-5p abundance, low CX3CL1 levels, and low numbers of CX3CR1+ NK cells were associated with adverse prognosis. Conclusion: We delineated a miR-561-5p/CX3CL1/NK cell axis that drives HCC metastasis and demonstrated that CX3CR1+ NK cells serve as potent antitumor therapeutic effectors.
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13
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Kronsteiner B, Chaichana P, Sumonwiriya M, Jenjaroen K, Chowdhury FR, Chumseng S, Teparrukkul P, Limmathurotsakul D, Day NPJ, Klenerman P, Dunachie SJ. Diabetes alters immune response patterns to acute melioidosis in humans. Eur J Immunol 2019; 49:1092-1106. [PMID: 31032897 PMCID: PMC6618312 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201848037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a serious global health problem currently affecting over 450 million people worldwide. Defining its interaction with major global infections is an international public health priority. Melioidosis is caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei, an exemplar pathogen for studying intracellular bacterial infection in the context of DM due to the 12‐fold increased risk in this group. We characterized immune correlates of survival in peripheral blood of acute melioidosis patients with and without DM and highlight different immune response patterns. We demonstrate the importance of circulating NK cells and show that CX3CR1 expression on lymphocytes is a novel correlate of survival from acute melioidosis. Furthermore, excessive serum levels of IL‐15 and IL‐18BP contribute to poor outcome independent of DM comorbidity. CD8+ T cells and granzyme B expression in NK cells are important for survival of non‐DM patients, whereas high antibody titers against B. pseudomallei and double‐negative T cells are linked to survival of DM patients. Recall responses support a role of γδ T‐cell‐derived IFN‐γ in the establishment of protective immunity in the DM group. Defining the hallmarks of protection in people with DM is crucial for the design of new therapies and vaccines targeting this rapidly expanding risk group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Kronsteiner
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Panjaporn Chaichana
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Kemajitra Jenjaroen
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Fazle Rabbi Chowdhury
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Suchintana Chumseng
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Direk Limmathurotsakul
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Tropical Hygiene, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nicholas P J Day
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Susanna J Dunachie
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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14
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Voigt J, Malone DFG, Dias J, Leeansyah E, Björkström NK, Ljunggren HG, Gröbe L, Klawonn F, Heyner M, Sandberg JK, Jänsch L. Proteome analysis of human CD56 neg NK cells reveals a homogeneous phenotype surprisingly similar to CD56 dim NK cells. Eur J Immunol 2018; 48:1456-1469. [PMID: 29999523 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201747450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
NK cells lacking CD56 (CD56neg ) were first identified in chronic HIV-1 infection. However, CD56neg NK cells also exist in healthy individuals, albeit in significantly lower numbers. Here, we provide an extensive proteomic characterisation of human CD56neg peripheral blood NK cells of healthy donors and compare them to their CD56dim and CD56bright counterparts. Unbiased large-scale surface receptor profiling clustered CD56neg cells as part of the main NK cell compartment and indicated an overall CD56dim -like phenotype. Total proteome analyses of CD56neg NK cells further confirmed their similarity with CD56dim NK cells, and revealed a complete cytolytic inventory with high levels of perforin and granzyme H and M. In the present study, twelve proteins discriminated CD56neg NK cells from CD56dim NK cells with nine up-regulated and three down-regulated proteins in the CD56neg NK cell population. Those proteins were functionally related to lytic granule composition and transport, interaction with the extracellular matrix, DNA transcription or repair, and proliferation. Corroborating these results, CD56neg NK cells showed modest cytotoxicity, degranulation, and IFN-ɣ secretion as compared to CD56dim NK cells. In conclusion, CD56neg NK cells constitute functionally competent cells sharing many features of bona fide CD56dim NK cells in healthy individuals, but with some distinct characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Voigt
- Cellular Proteomics, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - David F G Malone
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joana Dias
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Edwin Leeansyah
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
| | - Niklas K Björkström
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans-Gustaf Ljunggren
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lothar Gröbe
- Cellular Proteomics, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Frank Klawonn
- Cellular Proteomics, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.,Department of Computer Science, Ostfalia University of Applied Sciences, Wolfenbuettel, Germany
| | - Maxi Heyner
- Cellular Proteomics, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Johan K Sandberg
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lothar Jänsch
- Cellular Proteomics, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
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15
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Nouri-Shirazi M, Tamjidi S, Nourishirazi E, Guinet E. Combination of TLR8 and TLR4 agonists reduces the degrading effects of nicotine on DC-NK mediated effector T cell generation. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 61:54-63. [PMID: 29803914 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The magnitude of immune responses to vaccination is a critical factor in determining protection from disease. It is known that cigarette smoke dampens the immune system and increases the risk of vaccine-preventable diseases. We reported that nicotine, the immunosuppressive component of cigarette smoke, disrupts the differentiation and functional properties of DC, which are pivotal in the initiation of immune response to vaccines. We also reported that TLR agonists act in synergy and boost DC maturation, DC-NK crosstalk and ultimately naïve T cell polarization into effector Th1 and Tc1 cells. Here, we investigated whether the combination of TLR agonists could diminish the degrading effects of nicotine on DC-NK mediated effector T cell generation. We found that none of TLR agonists, single or combined, were able to diminish completely the adverse effects of nicotine on DC. However, TLR3, TLR4, and TLR8 agonists acted as the most effective adjuvants to increase the expression levels of antigen-presenting, costimulatory molecules and production of cytokines by nicotine-exposed DC (nicDC). When combined, TLR3 + 8 and TLR4 + 8 synergistically optimized nicDC maturation and IFN-γ secretion from nicotine-exposed NK (nicNK) during co-cultures. Interestingly, in contrast to DC-NK-T, co-cultures of nicDC-nicNK-T treated with TLR3 + 8 or TLR4 + 8 agonists produced a similar frequency of effector memory Th1 and Tc1 cells. However, the effector cells from TLR4 + 8 followed by TLR3 + 8 treated nicDC-nicNK-T co-cultures produced significantly more IFN-γ when compared with aluminum salt treated co-culture. Our data suggest that addition of appropriate TLR agonists to vaccine formulation could potentially augment the immune response to vaccination in smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahyar Nouri-Shirazi
- Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Integrated Medical Science Department, 777 Glades Road, PO Box 3091, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA.
| | - Saba Tamjidi
- Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Integrated Medical Science Department, 777 Glades Road, PO Box 3091, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
| | - Erika Nourishirazi
- Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Integrated Medical Science Department, 777 Glades Road, PO Box 3091, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
| | - Elisabeth Guinet
- Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Integrated Medical Science Department, 777 Glades Road, PO Box 3091, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
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16
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Laufer JM, Legler DF. Beyond migration-Chemokines in lymphocyte priming, differentiation, and modulating effector functions. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 104:301-312. [PMID: 29668063 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.2mr1217-494r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokines and their receptors coordinate the positioning of leukocytes, and lymphocytes in particular, in space and time. Discrete lymphocyte subsets, depending on their activation and differentiation status, express various sets of chemokine receptors to be recruited to distinct tissues. Thus, the network of chemokines and their receptors ensures the correct localization of specialized lymphocyte subsets within the appropriate microenvironment enabling them to search for cognate antigens, to become activated, and to fulfill their effector functions. The chemokine system therefore is vital for the initiation as well as the regulation of immune responses to protect the body from pathogens while maintaining tolerance towards self. Besides the well investigated function of orchestrating directed cell migration, chemokines additionally act on lymphocytes in multiple ways to shape immune responses. In this review, we highlight and discuss the role of chemokines and chemokine receptors in controlling cell-to-cell contacts required for lymphocyte arrest on endothelial cells and immunological synapse formation, in lymphocyte priming and differentiation, survival, as well as in modulating effector functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Laufer
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg), University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland.,Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Daniel F Legler
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg), University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland.,Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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17
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Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells express an array of germ-line encoded receptors that are capable of triggering cytotoxicity. NK cells tend to express many members of a given family of signalling molecules. The presence of many activating receptors and many members of a given family of signalling molecules can enable NK cells to detect different kinds of target cells, and to mount different kinds of responses. This contributes also to the robustness of NK cells responses; cytotoxic functions of NK cells often remain unaffected in the absence of selected signalling molecules. NK cells express many MHC-I-specific inhibitory receptors. Signals from MHC-I-specific inhibitory receptors tightly control NK cell cytotoxicity and, paradoxically, maintain NK cells in a state of proper responsiveness. This review provides a brief overview of the events that underlie NK cell activation, and how signals from inhibitory receptors intercept NK cell activation to prevent inappropriate triggering of cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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18
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Nouri-Shirazi M, Tamjidi S, Nourishirazi E, Guinet E. TLR8 combined withTLR3 or TLR4 agonists enhances DC-NK driven effector Tc1 cells. Immunol Lett 2017; 193:58-66. [PMID: 29103998 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most current prophylactic vaccines confer protection primarily through humoral immunity. Indeed, aluminum salts which have been widely used as adjuvants in vaccines primarily enhance Th2-driven antibody responses. Therefore, new vaccines formulation is moving toward a careful selection of adjuvants that also elicit significant Th1 or Tc1 responses. Several TLR agonists have been tested as potential new adjuvants in clinical and preclinical studies with some efficacy. These studies suggest that combining more than one of TLR ligands enhances the magnitude of immune responses to cancer and infectious disease. OBJECTIVES In order to evaluate the synergistic effect of TLR agonists for effective induction of cellular immunity, we investigated the effects of single and/or combined TLR agonists on monocyte-derived DC maturation, DC-NK crosstalk and ultimately naïve T cells polarization into effector T cells. RESULTS Among the adjuvants tested, we found that TLR3, TLR4, TLR7/8 and TLR8 agonists were the most effective adjuvants to increase the expression levels of antigen-presenting, co-stimulatory molecules and production of cytokines by maturing DCs. When combined, TLR3+8 and TLR4+8 synergistically optimized DC maturation and IFN-γ secretion from NK cells co-cultured with DCs. Interestingly, co-culture of DC-NK-T treated with aluminum salt produced the highest percentage of effector memory CFSE-CCR7- Th1 cells whereas TLR3+8 and TLR4+8 treated co-cultures produced the highest percentage of effector memory CFSE-CCR7- Tc1 cells producing IFN-γ. Finally, while both TLR3+8 or TLR4+8 treated co-cultures generated similar frequency of Th1 and Tc1 effector cells, the effector cells from the latter co-culture produced quantitatively more IFN-γ in the supernatant. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that if in need of an enhanced DC-NK mediated cellular immunity one may select TLR agonists with defined synergistic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahyar Nouri-Shirazi
- Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Integrated Medical Science Department, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, PO Box 3091, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA.
| | - Saba Tamjidi
- Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Integrated Medical Science Department, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, PO Box 3091, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Erika Nourishirazi
- Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Integrated Medical Science Department, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, PO Box 3091, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Elisabeth Guinet
- Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Integrated Medical Science Department, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, PO Box 3091, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
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19
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López-Cotarelo P, Gómez-Moreira C, Criado-García O, Sánchez L, Rodríguez-Fernández JL. Beyond Chemoattraction: Multifunctionality of Chemokine Receptors in Leukocytes. Trends Immunol 2017; 38:927-941. [PMID: 28935522 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The word chemokine is a combination of the words chemotactic and cytokine, in other words cytokines that promote chemotaxis. Hence, the term chemokine receptor refers largely to the ability to regulate chemoattraction. However, these receptors can modulate additional leukocyte functions, as exemplified by the case of CCR7 which, apart from chemotaxis, regulates survival, migratory speed, endocytosis, differentiation and cytoarchitecture. We present evidence highlighting that multifunctionality is a common feature of chemokine receptors. Based on the activities that they regulate, we suggest that chemokine receptors can be classified into inflammatory (which control both inflammatory and homeostatic functions) and homeostatic families. The information accrued also suggests that the non-chemotactic functions controlled by chemokine receptors may contribute to optimizing leukocyte functioning under normal physiological conditions and during inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar López-Cotarelo
- Molecular Microbiology and Infection Biology Department, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain; Equal first authors
| | - Carolina Gómez-Moreira
- Molecular Microbiology and Infection Biology Department, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain; Equal first authors
| | - Olga Criado-García
- Molecular Microbiology and Infection Biology Department, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain; Equal first authors
| | - Lucas Sánchez
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Department, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Rodríguez-Fernández
- Molecular Microbiology and Infection Biology Department, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain.
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20
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Gorvel L, Korenfeld D, Tung T, Klechevsky E. Dendritic Cell-Derived IL-32α: A Novel Inhibitory Cytokine of NK Cell Function. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:1290-1300. [PMID: 28701509 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines produced by dendritic cells (DCs) can largely determine the direction of immunity. Transcriptional analysis revealed that besides IL-15, IL-32 was the only other cytokine expressed by human Langerhans cells. IL-32 is a human cytokine that exists in four main isoforms. Currently, little is known about the regulation and function of the various IL-32 isoforms. In this study, we found that IL-15 is a potent inducer of IL-32α in DCs. Because IL-15 promotes NK cell activation, we investigated the interplay between IL-32 and IL-15 and their role in NK cell activity. We show that IL-32α acts on NK cells to inhibit IL-15-mediated STAT5 phosphorylation and to suppress their IL-15-induced effector molecule expression and cytolytic capacity. IL-32α also acted on DCs by downregulating IL-15-induced IL-18 production, an important cytokine in NK cell activity. Blocking IL-32α during DC:NK cell coculture enhanced NK cell effector molecule expression as well as their cytolytic capacity. Taken together, our findings suggest a feedback inhibition of IL-15-mediated NK cell activity by IL-32α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Gorvel
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110; and
| | - Daniel Korenfeld
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110; and
| | - Thomas Tung
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Eynav Klechevsky
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110; and
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21
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Duan X, Lu J, Wang H, Liu X, Wang J, Zhou K, Jiang W, Wang Y, Fang M. Bidirectional factors impact the migration of NK cells to draining lymph node in aged mice during influenza virus infection. Exp Gerontol 2017; 96:127-137. [PMID: 28669820 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells play an important role in controlling several viral diseases. Our previous studies demonstrated an age-dependent susceptibility to mousepox due to defective NK cell responses and trafficking. However, the mechanisms that underlie the age-related impairment in NK cell migration have yet to be identified. In the present study, we demonstrated that after influenza A virus (IAV) infection, NK cells from aged mice (17-19months old) failed to accumulate in draining lymph node (D-LN). We found that both environmental and intrinsic factors played roles for this defect. After infection, increase of chemokine transcripts, especially CXCL9, 10 and 11, which are important for NK cells homing to D-LN, was significantly lower in the D-LN of aged mice compared with those of young mice. Further, the expression levels of β2-integrins and β-actins, which play critical roles in NK cells homing to D-LN failed to be up-regulated in NK cells from aged mice. Finally, actin polymerization rates in NK cells from aged mice were also delayed compared to that of the young mice after IAV infection. Taken together, our data indicate that bi-directional factors play essential roles in the defective NK cell trafficking to the D-LN in the aged mice after IAV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Duan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, NO. 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Jiao Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, NO. 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, NO. 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China; Institute of Health Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaofei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
| | - Jing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, NO. 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, NO. 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Wei Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, NO. 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Yingchun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
| | - Min Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, NO. 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China; International College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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22
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NK-DC Crosstalk in Immunity to Microbial Infection. J Immunol Res 2016; 2016:6374379. [PMID: 28097157 PMCID: PMC5206438 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6374379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between natural killer (NK) cell and dendritic cell (DC), two important cellular components of innate immunity, started to be elucidated in the last years. The crosstalk between NK cells and DC, which leads to NK cell activation, DC maturation, or apoptosis, involves cell-cell contacts and soluble factors. This interaction either in the periphery or in the secondary lymphoid organs acts as a key player linking innate and adaptive immune responses to microbial stimuli. This review focuses on the mechanisms of NK-DC interaction and their relevance in antimicrobial responses. We specifically aim to emphasize the ability of various microbial infections to differently influence NK-DC crosstalk thereby contributing to distinct adaptive immune response.
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23
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Hertwig L, Hamann I, Romero-Suarez S, Millward JM, Pietrek R, Chanvillard C, Stuis H, Pollok K, Ransohoff RM, Cardona AE, Infante-Duarte C. CX3CR1-dependent recruitment of mature NK cells into the central nervous system contributes to control autoimmune neuroinflammation. Eur J Immunol 2016; 46:1984-96. [PMID: 27325505 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201546194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fractalkine receptor (CX3CR1)-deficient mice develop very severe experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), associated with impaired NK cell recruitment into the CNS. Yet, the precise implications of NK cells in autoimmune neuroinflammation remain elusive. Here, we investigated the pattern of NK cell mobilization and the contribution of CX3CR1 to NK cell dynamics in the EAE. We show that in both wild-type and CX3CR1-deficient EAE mice, NK cells are mobilized from the periphery and accumulate in the inflamed CNS. However, in CX3CR1-deficient mice, the infiltrated NK cells displayed an immature phenotype contrasting with the mature infiltrates in WT mice. This shift in the immature/mature CNS ratio contributes to EAE exacerbation in CX3CR1-deficient mice, since transfer of mature WT NK cells prior to immunization exerted a protective effect and normalized the CNS NK cell ratio. Moreover, mature CD11b(+) NK cells show higher degranulation in the presence of autoreactive 2D2 transgenic CD4(+) T cells and kill these autoreactive cells more efficiently than the immature CD11b(-) fraction. Together, these data suggest a protective role of mature NK cells in EAE, possibly through direct modulation of T cells inside the CNS, and demonstrate that mature and immature NK cells are recruited into the CNS by distinct chemotactic signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Hertwig
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and the Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Isabell Hamann
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and the Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Silvina Romero-Suarez
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and the Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jason M Millward
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and the Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rebekka Pietrek
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and the Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Coralie Chanvillard
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and the Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hanna Stuis
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and the Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karolin Pollok
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and the Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,German Rheumatism Research Center, Germany and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Astrid E Cardona
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Carmen Infante-Duarte
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and the Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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24
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Spallanzani RG, Torres NI, Avila DE, Ziblat A, Iraolagoitia XLR, Rossi LE, Domaica CI, Fuertes MB, Rabinovich GA, Zwirner NW. Regulatory Dendritic Cells Restrain NK Cell IFN-γ Production through Mechanisms Involving NKp46, IL-10, and MHC Class I–Specific Inhibitory Receptors. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:2141-8. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1403161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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25
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Bakdash G, Schreurs I, Schreibelt G, Tel J. Crosstalk between dendritic cell subsets and implications for dendritic cell-based anticancer immunotherapy. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 10:915-26. [PMID: 24758519 DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2014.912561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are a family of professional antigen-presenting cells that have an indispensable role in the initiation of innate and adaptive immune responses against pathogens and tumor cells. The DC family is very heterogeneous. Two main types of naturally occurring DCs circulate in peripheral blood, each with its unique phenotypic and functional characteristics: myeloid DCs and plasmacytoid. There is an ample number of studies that have focused on the bi-directional crosstalk between DCs and natural killer cells or T cells. However, the crosstalk among the different DC subsets, in the context of infectious diseases and cancer, has until now not received much attention. Here, we review all available literature that has dealt with the crosstalk between plasmacytoid and myeloid DCs and the potential mode of action. Emphasis will be given to the therapeutic potential of the combination of DC subsets for DC-based immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghaith Bakdash
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud University Medical Centre and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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26
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Ferlazzo G, Morandi B. Cross-Talks between Natural Killer Cells and Distinct Subsets of Dendritic Cells. Front Immunol 2014; 5:159. [PMID: 24782864 PMCID: PMC3989561 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the essential role of bi-directional cross-talk between natural killer (NK) and dendritic cells (DC) during immune responses has been clearly elucidated. In particular, this cross-talk results in the development of an efficient innate response, through DC-mediated NK cell activation, and a potent adaptive immune response, through NK-mediate DC editing and maturation. Recently, some novel human DC subsets have been identified: migratory DCs in afferent lymph and draining lymph nodes; CLEC9A+/BDCA3+ (CD141) DCs in interstitial dermis, liver, lung; inflammatory DCs in several inflammatory fluids. At the same time, it has been shown that also human NK cells are present in these compartments. Here, we will review the most recent findings on NK/DC cross-talk and we will discuss the necessity of acquiring more complete knowledge about these interactions in view of the new information available on both DC and NK cell subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Ferlazzo
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina , Messina , Italy ; Cellular Therapy Program, University Hospital Policlinico G. Martino , Messina , Italy
| | - Barbara Morandi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa , Genoa , Italy
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27
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Human monocyte-derived dendritic cells exposed to microorganisms involved in hypersensitivity pneumonitis induce a Th1-polarized immune response. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2013; 20:1133-42. [PMID: 23720369 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00043-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is an immunoallergic disease characterized by a prominent interstitial infiltrate composed predominantly of lymphocytes secreting inflammatory cytokines. Dendritic cells (DCs) are known to play a pivotal role in the lymphocytic response. However, their cross talk with microorganisms that cause HP has yet to be elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the initial interactions between human monocyte-derived DCs (MoDCs) and four microorganisms that are different in nature (Saccharopolyspora rectivirgula [actinomycetes], Mycobacterium immunogenum [mycobacteria], and Wallemia sebi and Eurotium amstelodami [filamentous fungi]) and are involved in HP. Our objectives were to determine the cross talk between MoDCs and HP-causative agents and to determine whether the resulting immune response varied according to the microbial extract tested. The phenotypic activation of MoDCs was measured by the increased expression of costimulatory molecules and levels of cytokines in supernatants. The functional activation of MoDCs was measured by the ability of MoDCs to induce lymphocytic proliferation and differentiation in a mixed lymphocytic reaction (MLR). E. amstelodami-exposed (EA) MoDCs expressed higher percentages of costimulatory molecules than did W. sebi-exposed (WS), S. rectivirgula-exposed (SR), or M. immunogenum-exposed (MI) MoDCs (P < 0.05, Wilcoxon signed-rank test). EA-MoDCs, WS-MoDCs, SR-MoDCs, and MI-MoDCs induced CD4(+) T cell proliferation and a Th1-polarized immune response. The present study provides evidence that, although differences were initially observed between MoDCs exposed to filamentous fungi and MoDCs exposed to bacteria, a Th1 response was ultimately promoted by DCs regardless of the microbial extract tested.
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28
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Koehl U, Brehm C, Huenecke S, Zimmermann SY, Kloess S, Bremm M, Ullrich E, Soerensen J, Quaiser A, Erben S, Wunram C, Gardlowski T, Auth E, Tonn T, Seidl C, Meyer-Monard S, Stern M, Passweg J, Klingebiel T, Bader P, Schwabe D, Esser R. Clinical grade purification and expansion of NK cell products for an optimized manufacturing protocol. Front Oncol 2013; 3:118. [PMID: 23730623 PMCID: PMC3656406 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2013.00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic natural killer (NK) cells are used for adoptive immunotherapy after stem cell transplantation. In order to overcome technical limitations in NK cell purification and activation, the following study investigates the impact of different variables on NK cell recovery, cytotoxicity, and T-cell depletion during good manufacturing practice (GMP)-grade NK cell selection. Forty NK cell products were derived from 54 unstimulated donor leukaphereses using immunomagnetic CD3 T-cell depletion, followed by a CD56 cell enrichment step. For T-cell depletion, either the depletion 2.1 program in single or double procedure (D2.11depl, n = 18; D2.12depl, n = 13) or the faster depletion 3.1 (D3.1, n = 9) was used on the CliniMACS instrument. Seventeen purified NK cell products were activated in vitro by IL-2 for 12 days. The whole process resulted in a median number of 7.59 × 108 CD56+CD3− cells with both purity and viability of 94%, respectively. The T-cell depletion was significantly better using D2.11depl/2depl compared to D3.1 (log 4.6/log 4.9 vs. log 3.7; p < 0.01) and double procedure in two stages led always to residual T cells below 0.1%. In contrast D3.1 was superior to D2.11depl/2depl with regard to recovery of CD56+CD3− NK cells (68% vs. 41%/38%). Concomitant monocytes and especially IL-2 activation led to increased NK cell activity against malignant target cells compared to unstimulated NK cells, which correlated with both up-regulation of natural cytotoxicity receptors and intracellular signaling. Overall, wide variations in the NK cell expansion rate and the distribution of NK cell subpopulations were found. In conclusion, our results indicate that GMP-grade purification of NK cells might be improved by a sequential processing of T-cell depletion program D2.1 and D3.1. In addition NK cell expansion protocols need to be further optimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Koehl
- Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Integrated Research and Treatment Center Transplantation, Hannover Medical School Hannover, Germany
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29
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Long EO, Kim HS, Liu D, Peterson ME, Rajagopalan S. Controlling natural killer cell responses: integration of signals for activation and inhibition. Annu Rev Immunol 2013; 31:227-58. [PMID: 23516982 PMCID: PMC3868343 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-020711-075005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 885] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how signals are integrated to control natural killer (NK) cell responsiveness in the absence of antigen-specific receptors has been a challenge, but recent work has revealed some underlying principles that govern NK cell responses. NK cells use an array of innate receptors to sense their environment and respond to alterations caused by infections, cellular stress, and transformation. No single activation receptor dominates; instead, synergistic signals from combinations of receptors are integrated to activate natural cytotoxicity and cytokine production. Inhibitory receptors for major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) have a critical role in controlling NK cell responses and, paradoxically, in maintaining NK cells in a state of responsiveness to subsequent activation events, a process referred to as licensing. MHC-I-specific inhibitory receptors both block activation signals and trigger signals to phosphorylate and inactivate the small adaptor Crk. These different facets of inhibitory signaling are incorporated into a revocable license model for the reversible tuning of NK cell responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric O. Long
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20852
| | - Hun Sik Kim
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20852
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, University of Ulsan, Seoul 138-736, Korea;
| | - Dongfang Liu
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20852
- Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030;
| | - Mary E. Peterson
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20852
| | - Sumati Rajagopalan
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20852
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30
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Bernardini G, Gismondi A, Santoni A. Chemokines and NK cells: regulators of development, trafficking and functions. Immunol Lett 2012; 145:39-46. [PMID: 22698182 PMCID: PMC7112821 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2012.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2011] [Accepted: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
NK cells are innate lymphocytes capable of killing malignant or infected cells and to produce a wide array of cytokines and chemokines following activation. Chemokines, play critical roles in the regulation of NK cell tissue distribution in normal conditions as well as their rapid recruitment to the parenchyma of injured organs during inflammation, which is critical for NK cell ability to promote protective responses. In this regard, differences in chemokine receptor expression have been reported on specialized NK cell subsets with distinct effector functions and tissue distribution. Besides their role in the regulation of NK cell trafficking, chemotactic molecules can also affect NK cell effector functions by regulating their priming and their ability to kill and secrete cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Bernardini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, University of Rome "La Sapienza", 00161 Rome, Italy.
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31
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Souza-Fonseca-Guimaraes F, Adib-Conquy M, Cavaillon JM. Natural killer (NK) cells in antibacterial innate immunity: angels or devils? Mol Med 2012; 18:270-85. [PMID: 22105606 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2011.00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 11/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells were first described as immune leukocytes that could kill tumor cells and soon after were reported to kill virus-infected cells. In the mid-1980s, 10 years after their discovery, NK cells were also demonstrated to contribute to the fight against bacterial infection, particularly because of crosstalk with other leukocytes. A wide variety of immune cells are now recognized to interact with NK cells through the production of cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-2, IL-12, IL-15 and IL-18, which boost NK cell activities. The recent demonstration that NK cells express pattern recognition receptors, namely Toll-like and nucleotide oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors, led to the understanding that these cells are not only under the control of accessory cells, but can be directly involved in the antibacterial response thanks to their capacity to recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Interferon (IFN)-γ is the predominant cytokine produced by activated NK cells. IFN-γ is a key contributor to antibacterial immune defense. However, in synergy with other inflammatory cytokines, IFN-γ can also lead to deleterious effects similar to those observed during sepsis. Accordingly, as the main source of IFN-γ in the early phase of infection, NK cells display both beneficial and deleterious effects, depending on the circumstances.
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32
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Barreira da Silva R, Münz C. Natural killer cell activation by dendritic cells: balancing inhibitory and activating signals. Cell Mol Life Sci 2011; 68:3505-18. [PMID: 21861182 PMCID: PMC11114903 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0801-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Revised: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells have originally been identified by their spontaneous cytolytic potential against tumor cells, which, however, might result from pre-activation due to prior pathogen exposure. Resting NK cells, on the contrary, require activation by bystander antigen-presenting cells to reach their full functional competence. In this review, we will summarize studies on how dendritic cells (DCs), the most potent type of antigen-presenting cell, communicate with human NK cells to activate them in secondary lymphoid organs and to integrate signals from activated NK cells at sites of inflammation for their own maturation. Furthermore, we will review aspects of the immunological synapse, which mediates this cross-talk. These studies provide the mechanistic understanding of how mature DCs can activate NK cells and survive to go on for the activation of adaptive immunity. This feature of DCs, to activate different waves of immune responses, could be harnessed for immunotherapies, including vaccinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Barreira da Silva
- Department of Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar and Graduate Program in Areas of Basic and Applied Biology (GABBA), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Christian Münz
- Department of Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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Dolganiuc A. Role of lipid rafts in liver health and disease. World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17:2520-35. [PMID: 21633657 PMCID: PMC3103810 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i20.2520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2011] [Revised: 02/24/2011] [Accepted: 03/03/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver diseases are an increasingly common cause of morbidity and mortality; new approaches for investigation of mechanisms of liver diseases and identification of therapeutic targets are emergent. Lipid rafts (LRs) are specialized domains of cellular membranes that are enriched in saturated lipids; they are small, mobile, and are key components of cellular architecture, protein partition to cellular membranes, and signaling events. LRs have been identified in the membranes of all liver cells, parenchymal and non-parenchymal; more importantly, LRs are active participants in multiple physiological and pathological conditions in individual types of liver cells. This article aims to review experimental-based evidence with regard to LRs in the liver, from the perspective of the liver as a whole organ composed of a multitude of cell types. We have gathered up-to-date information related to the role of LRs in individual types of liver cells, in liver health and diseases, and identified the possibilities of LR-dependent therapeutic targets in liver diseases.
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Kraneveld AD, Braber S, Overbeek S, de Kruijf P, Koelink P, Smit MJ. Chemokine Receptors in Inflammatory Diseases. METHODS AND PRINCIPLES IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527631995.ch6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Shimoda S, Harada K, Niiro H, Shirabe K, Taketomi A, Maehara Y, Tsuneyama K, Nakanuma Y, Leung P, Ansari AA, Gershwin ME, Akashi K. Interaction between Toll-like receptors and natural killer cells in the destruction of bile ducts in primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology 2011; 53:1270-81. [PMID: 21400555 PMCID: PMC3077894 DOI: 10.1002/hep.24194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Accepted: 01/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is characterized by chronic nonsuppurative destructive cholangitis (CNSDC) associated with destruction of small bile ducts. Although there have been significant advances in the dissection of the adaptive immune response against the mitochondrial autoantigens, there are increasing data that suggest a contribution of innate immune mechanisms in inducing chronic biliary pathology. We have taken advantage of our ability to isolate subpopulations of liver mononuclear cells (LMC) and examined herein the role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), their ligands, and natural killer (NK) cells in modulating cytotoxic activity against biliary epithelial cells (BECs). In particular, we demonstrate that Toll-like receptor 4 ligand (TLR4-L)-stimulated NK cells destroy autologous BECs in the presence of interferon alpha (IFN-α) synthesized by TLR 3 ligand (TLR3-L)-stimulated monocytes (Mo). Indeed, IFN-α production by hepatic Mo is significantly increased in patients with PBC compared to disease controls. There were also marked increases in the cytotoxic activity of hepatic NK cells from PBC patients compared to NK cells from controls but only when the NK cells were prepared following ligation of both TLR3-L- and TLR4-L-stimulated LMC. These functional data are supported by the immunohistochemical observation of an increased presence of CD56-positive NK cells scattered around destroyed small bile ducts more frequently in liver tissues from PBC patients than controls. CONCLUSION These data highlight critical differences in the varied roles of Mo and NK cells following TLR3-L and TLR4-L stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Shimoda
- Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenichi Harada
- Department of Human Pathology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Niiro
- Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ken Shirabe
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akinobu Taketomi
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Maehara
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koichi Tsuneyama
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yasuni Nakanuma
- Department of Human Pathology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Patrick Leung
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Aftab A. Ansari
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - M. Eric Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Koichi Akashi
- Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
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CX3CR1 expression defines 2 KLRG1+ mouse NK-cell subsets with distinct functional properties and positioning in the bone marrow. Blood 2011; 117:4467-75. [PMID: 21364193 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-07-297101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
During development in the bone marrow (BM), NK-cell positioning within specific niches can be influenced by expression of chemokine or adhesion receptors. We previously demonstrated that the maintenance in the BM of selected NK-cell subsets is regulated by the CXCR4/CXCL12 axis. In the present study, we showed that CX3CR1 is prevalently expressed on KLRG1(+) NK cells, a subset considered terminally differentiated. Two KLRG1(+) NK-cell populations endowed with distinct homing and functional features were defined according to CX3CR1 expression. In the BM, KLRG1(+)/CX3CR1(-) NK cells were mainly positioned into parenchyma, while KLRG1(+)/CX3CR1(+) NK cells exhibited reduced CXCR4 expression and were preferentially localized in the sinusoids. We also showed that α(4) integrin plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of NK cells in the BM sinusoids and that α(4) neutralization leads to strong reduction of BM KLRG1(+)/CX3CR1(+) NK cells. Moreover, we found that KLRG1(+)/CX3CR1(+) cells originate from KLRG1(+)/CX3CR1(-) NK-cell population and display impaired capability to produce IFN-γ and to lyse YAC-1 target cells on cytokine stimulation. Altogether, our findings show that CX3CR1 represents a marker of a KLRG1(+) NK-cell population with unique properties that can irreversibly differentiate from the KLRG1(+)/CX3CR1(-) NK cells during steady state conditions.
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Gene expression profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from children with active hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Blood 2011; 117:e151-60. [PMID: 21325597 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-08-300046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHL) is a rare, genetically heterogeneous autosomal recessive immune disorder that results when the critical regulatory pathways that mediate immune defense mechanisms and the natural termination of immune/inflammatory responses are disrupted or overwhelmed. To advance the understanding of FHL, we performed gene expression profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 11 children with untreated FHL. Total RNA was isolated and gene expression levels were determined using microarray analysis. Comparisons between patients with FHL and normal pediatric controls (n = 30) identified 915 down-regulated and 550 up-regulated genes with more than or equal to 2.5-fold difference in expression (P ≤ .05). The expression of genes associated with natural killer cell functions, innate and adaptive immune responses, proapoptotic proteins, and B- and T-cell differentiation were down-regulated in patients with FHL. Genes associated with the canonical pathways of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10 IL-1, IL-8, TREM1, LXR/RXR activation, and PPAR signaling and genes encoding of antiapoptotic proteins were overexpressed in patients with FHL. This first study of genome-wide expression profiling in children with FHL demonstrates the complexity of gene expression patterns, which underlie the immunobiology of FHL.
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Wehner R, Dietze K, Bachmann M, Schmitz M. The Bidirectional Crosstalk between Human Dendritic Cells and Natural Killer Cells. J Innate Immun 2011; 3:258-63. [DOI: 10.1159/000323923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Accepted: 12/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Tole S, Durkan AM, Huang YW, Liu GY, Leung A, Jones LL, Taylor JA, Robinson LA. Thromboxane prostanoid receptor stimulation induces shedding of the transmembrane chemokine CX3CL1 yet enhances CX3CL1-dependent leukocyte adhesion. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2010; 298:C1469-80. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00380.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In atherosclerosis, chemokines recruit circulating mononuclear leukocytes to the vascular wall. A key factor is CX3CL1, a chemokine with soluble and transmembrane species that acts as both a chemoattractant and an adhesion molecule. Thromboxane A2 and its receptor, TP, are also critical to atherogenesis by promoting vascular inflammation and consequent leukocyte recruitment. We examined the effects of TP stimulation on processing and function of CX3CL1, using CX3CL1-expressing human ECV-304 cells and primary human vascular endothelial cells. TP agonists promoted rapid shedding of cell surface CX3CL1, which was inhibited by pharmacological inhibitors or specific small interfering RNA targeting tumor necrosis factor-α-converting enzyme (TACE). Because it reduced cell surface CX3CL1, we predicted that TP stimulation would inhibit adhesion of leukocytes expressing the CX3CL1 cognate receptor but, paradoxically, saw enhanced adhesion. We questioned whether the enhanced ability of the remaining membrane-associated CX3CL1 to bind targets was caused by changes in its lateral mobility. Using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, we found that plasmalemmal CX3CL1 was initially tethered but ultimately mobilized by TP agonists. TP stimulation provoked clustering of transmembrane CX3CL1 at sites of contact with adherent leukocytes. These data demonstrate that TP stimulation induces two distinct effects: a rapid cleavage of surface CX3CL1, thereby releasing the soluble chemoattractant, plus mobilization of the remaining transmembrane CX3CL1 to enhance the avidity of interactions with adherent leukocytes. The dual effect of TP allows CX3CL1 to recruit leukocytes to sites of vascular inflammation while enhancing their adhesion once recruited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumitra Tole
- The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anne M. Durkan
- The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yi-Wei Huang
- The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Guang Ying Liu
- The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexander Leung
- The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura L. Jones
- The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jasmine A. Taylor
- The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lisa A. Robinson
- The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Spranger S, Javorovic M, Bürdek M, Wilde S, Mosetter B, Tippmer S, Bigalke I, Geiger C, Schendel DJ, Frankenberger B. Generation of Th1-polarizing dendritic cells using the TLR7/8 agonist CL075. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 185:738-47. [PMID: 20511554 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1000060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we describe a new method for preparation of human dendritic cells (DCs) that secrete bioactive IL-12(p70) using synthetic immunostimulatory compounds as TLR7/8 agonists. Monocyte-derived DCs were generated using a procedure that provided mature cells within 3 d. Several maturation mixtures that contained various cytokines, IFN-gamma, different TLR agonists, and PGE(2) were compared for impact on cell recovery, phenotype, cytokine secretion, migration, and lymphocyte activation. Mixtures that included the TLR7/8 agonists R848 or CL075, combined with the TLR3 agonist polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid, yielded 3-d mature DCs that secreted high levels of IL-12(p70), showed strong chemotaxis to CCR7 ligands, and had a positive costimulatory potential. They also had excellent capacity to activate NK cells, effectively polarized CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells to secrete IFN-gamma and to induce T cell-mediated cytotoxic function. Thereby, mature DCs prepared within 3 d using such maturation mixtures displayed optimal functions required for vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefani Spranger
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Marchioninistrasse 25, 81377 Munich, Germany.
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Abstract
Cell contact-dependent inhibition and regulation of immune responses play an essential role in balancing the need for rapid and efficient responses to a wide variety of pathological challenges, while at the same time maintaining self-tolerance. Much attention has been given to immune synapses that lead to the activation of, for example, cell-mediated cytotoxicity, and here we compare the supramolecular dynamics of synapses that lead to inhibition or regulatory functions. We focus on natural killer cells where such different synapses have been best studied. An emergent principle is that inhibition or regulatory responses are commonly achieved by selective recruitment of signalling proteins to the synapse and exclusion of membrane-proximal intracellular proteins needed for activation. We also discuss evidence that an inhibitory synapse triggers or maintains effector cells in a migratory configuration, which serves to break the synapse before the steps needed for effector cell activation can be completed. This model implies that the concept of kinetic-proofreading, previously used to describe activation of individual T-cell receptors, can also apply in determining the outcome of intercellular conjugation.
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Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells belong to a distinct lineage of lymphocytes that play an important role in the early phase of immune responses against certain microbial pathogens by exhibiting cytotoxic functions and secreting a number of cytokines and chemokines. NK cells develop from a common lymphoid precursor resident in the bone marrow (BM) that is considered the main site of their generation. The BM microenvironment provides a rich source of cytokines and growth factors and allows intimate contact between developing NK cells and stromal cells, which is required for their full maturation. Individual NK cell subsets displaying unique functional features, and tissue locations have been identified both in mouse and humans. Involvement of chemokines in the regulation of DC-mediated NK cell priming and effector functions has also been documented and should be taken into account when analyzing the role of chemokines in NK cell-dependent immune responses. Studies in man and mouse have shown that NK cells are distributed in several organs under normal conditions. Their frequency is comparatively high in nonlymphoid organs such as the lung, the liver and the mucosal tissue of maternal uterus, and rare in thymus and lymph nodes. Chemotactic factors, including chemokines, play critical roles in the regulation of NK cell migration across endothelium and into the tissues. The differences in chemokine receptor expression together with distinct adhesive properties of different NK cell subsets as well as activated NK cells, imply that they have multiple routes of circulation and trafficking patterns. Besides their role in the regulation of NK cell trafficking, chemotactic molecules can also affect NK cell effector functions by regulating their priming and their ability to kill and secrete cytokines.
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The localization and migration of natural killer cells in health and disease. NATURAL KILLER CELLS 2010. [PMCID: PMC7150348 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-370454-2.00010-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells comprise a finite lymphocyte lineage with distinctive gene expression patterns. Natural killer (NK) cells develop in the bone marrow (BM) and are not static but populate secondary and primary lymphoid organs. A unique feature of NK cells is their expression of activating and inhibitory receptors, which allow them to respond either when ligands for activating receptors are upregulated or when ligands for inhibitory receptors are downregulated. The unique transcriptome of NK cells renders them capable of protecting the host from a vast array of disease states. Their undisputed importance in host protection is conferred by their ability to eliminate unhealthy cells. However, in order for NK cells to exert their effects, they need to be strategically located at the right places. This chapter provides an overview of the current understanding of the localization of NK cell populations and their ability to migrate in response to homeostatic and pathological conditions. NK cells develop in the BM, which they exit using specific molecular interactions. Exit from the BM is followed by localization to a number of tissues, including secondary lymphoid organs. Within each tissue, NK cells often acquire unique function and phenotype that is regulated by the local microenvironment. Their localization is primarily directed by the action of chemokines and therefore is in tight association with the activation status of the organism. Changes in chemokine expression during disease results in further NK cell mobilization and allows them to protect the host from infection and malignancy. Thus, from their time of production until their end, NK cells travel exhaustively over long distances and visit places that influence their already dynamic life.
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45
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Davis DM. Mechanisms and functions for the duration of intercellular contacts made by lymphocytes. Nat Rev Immunol 2009; 9:543-55. [PMID: 19609264 DOI: 10.1038/nri2602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Communication across intercellular contacts is central to establishing appropriate innate and adaptive immune responses. Recent imaging of lymphocyte interactions suggests that a complex orchestration of cell-cell contact times is a key correlate to establishing appropriate immune responses. Here I review the molecular and cellular processes that influence the duration of intercellular contacts, including integrin activation and dynamic changes in membrane morphology. I discuss how these processes can be regulated, for example, by the balance of activating and inhibitory receptor signals, and how they can establish the appropriate outcome for individual cell-cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Davis
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
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Crozat K, Vivier E, Dalod M. Crosstalk between components of the innate immune system: promoting anti-microbial defenses and avoiding immunopathologies. Immunol Rev 2009; 227:129-49. [PMID: 19120481 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2008.00736.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Because it reaches full functional efficacy rapidly upon encounter with a pathogen, the innate immune system is considered as the first line of defense against infections. The sensing of microbes or of transformed or infected cells, through innate immune recognition receptors (referred to as activating I2R2), initiates pro-inflammatory responses and innate immune effector functions. Other I2R2 with inhibitory properties bind self-ligands constitutively expressed in host. However, this dichotomy in the recognition of foreign or induced self versus constitutive self by I2R2 is not always respected in certain non-infectious conditions reminiscent of immunopathologies. In this review, we discuss that immune mechanisms have evolved to avoid inappropriate inflammatory disorders in individuals. Molecular crossregulation exists between components of I2R2 signaling pathways, and intricate interactions between cells from both innate and adaptive immune systems set the bases of controlled immune responses. We also pinpoint that, like T or B cells, some cells of the innate immune system must go through education processes to prevent autoreactivity. In addition, we illustrate how gene expression profiling of immune cell types is a useful tool to find functional homologies between cell subsets of different species and to speculate about unidentified functions of these cells in the responses to pathogen infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Crozat
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
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Krzewski K, Strominger JL. The killer's kiss: the many functions of NK cell immunological synapses. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2008; 20:597-605. [PMID: 18639449 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2008.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2008] [Revised: 05/15/2008] [Accepted: 05/19/2008] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells comprise a subset of lymphocytes involved in protection against microbial pathogens and tumors. NK cells recognize host cells that are missing MHC class I molecules and eliminate them through localized delivery of lytic granules. The majority of NK cell effector functions require direct cell-to-cell contact. Binding to a target cell is accompanied by creation of complex structures at the cell-cell interface known as immunological synapses. Recent studies have contributed immensely to the characterization of several types of NK cell immunological synapses and understanding of the variety of processes originating at this intriguing place. The emerging picture illustrates NK cell immune synapses as the sites of highly complex regulation of NK cell activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Krzewski
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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