1
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Wittling MC, Knochelmann HM, Wyatt MM, Rangel Rivera GO, Cole AC, Lesinski GB, Paulos CM. Distinct host preconditioning regimens differentially impact the antitumor potency of adoptively transferred Th17 cells. J Immunother Cancer 2024; 12:e008715. [PMID: 38945552 PMCID: PMC11216073 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-008715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND How distinct methods of host preconditioning impact the efficacy of adoptively transferred antitumor T helper cells is unknown. METHODS CD4+ T cells with a transgenic T-cell receptor that recognize tyrosinase-related peptide (TRP)-1 melanoma antigen were polarized to the T helper 17 (Th17) phenotype and then transferred into melanoma-bearing mice preconditioned with either total body irradiation or chemotherapy. RESULTS We found that preconditioning mice with a non-myeloablative dose of total body irradiation (TBI of 5 Gy) was more effective than using an equivalently dosed non-myeloablative chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide (CTX) of 200 mg/kg) at augmenting therapeutic activity of antitumor TRP-1 Th17 cells. Antitumor Th17 cells engrafted better following preconditioning with TBI and regressed large established melanoma in all animals. Conversely, only half of mice survived long-term when preconditioned with CTX and infused with anti-melanoma Th17 cells. Interleukin (IL)-17 and interferon-γ, produced by the infused Th17 cells, were detected in animals given either TBI or CTX preconditioning. Interestingly, inflammatory cytokines (granulocyte colony stimulating factor, IL-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, IL-5, and keratinocyte chemoattractant) were significantly elevated in the serum of mice preconditioned with TBI versus CTX after Th17 therapy. The addition of fludarabine (FLU, 200 mg/kg) to CTX (200 mg/kg) improved the antitumor response to the same degree mediated by TBI, whereas FLU alone with Th17 therapy was ineffective. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate, for the first time, that the antitumor response, persistence, and cytokine profiles resulting from Th17 therapy are impacted by the specific regimen of host preconditioning. This work is important for understanding mechanisms that promote long-lived responses by adoptive cellular therapy, particularly as CD4+ based T-cell therapies are now emerging in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megen C Wittling
- Surgery/Oncology & Microbiology/Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Hannah M Knochelmann
- Surgery/Oncology & Microbiology/Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Megan M Wyatt
- Surgery/Oncology & Microbiology/Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Guillermo O Rangel Rivera
- Surgery/Oncology & Microbiology/Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Anna C Cole
- Surgery/Oncology & Microbiology/Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Chrystal M Paulos
- Surgery/Oncology & Microbiology/Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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2
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Zhang H, Zhu S, Deng W, Li R, Zhou H, Xiong H. The landscape of chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy in breast cancer: Perspectives and outlook. Front Immunol 2022; 13:887471. [PMID: 35935930 PMCID: PMC9354605 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.887471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T) cell therapy is a revolutionary adoptive cell therapy, which could modify and redirect T cells to specific tumor cells. Since CAR-T cell therapy was first approved for B cell-derived malignancies in 2017, it has yielded unprecedented progress in hematological tumors and has dramatically reshaped the landscape of cancer therapy in recent years. Currently, cumulative evidence has demonstrated that CAR-T cell therapy could be a viable therapeutic strategy for solid cancers. However, owing to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and heterogenous tumor antigens, the application of CAR-T cell therapy against solid cancers requires circumventing more challenging obstacles. Breast cancer is characterized by a high degree of invasiveness, malignancy, and poor prognosis. The review highlights the underlying targets of CAR-T cell therapy in breast cancer, summarizes the challenges associated with CAR-T cell therapy, and proposes the strategies to overcome these challenges, which provides a novel approach to breast cancer treatment.
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3
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Xu N, Palmer DC, Robeson AC, Shou P, Bommiasamy H, Laurie SJ, Willis C, Dotti G, Vincent BG, Restifo NP, Serody JS. STING agonist promotes CAR T cell trafficking and persistence in breast cancer. J Exp Med 2021; 218:211644. [PMID: 33382402 PMCID: PMC7780733 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20200844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
CAR T therapy targeting solid tumors is restrained by limited infiltration and persistence of those cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Here, we developed approaches to enhance the activity of CAR T cells using an orthotopic model of locally advanced breast cancer. CAR T cells generated from Th/Tc17 cells given with the STING agonists DMXAA or cGAMP greatly enhanced tumor control, which was associated with enhanced CAR T cell persistence in the TME. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we demonstrate that DMXAA promoted CAR T cell trafficking and persistence, supported by the generation of a chemokine milieu that promoted CAR T cell recruitment and modulation of the immunosuppressive TME through alterations in the balance of immune-stimulatory and suppressive myeloid cells. However, sustained tumor regression was accomplished only with the addition of anti-PD-1 and anti-GR-1 mAb to Th/Tc17 CAR T cell therapy given with STING agonists. This study provides new approaches to enhance adoptive T cell therapy in solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuo Xu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Douglas C Palmer
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Alexander C Robeson
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Peishun Shou
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Hemamalini Bommiasamy
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Sonia J Laurie
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Caryn Willis
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Gianpietro Dotti
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Benjamin G Vincent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.,Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.,Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.,Computational Medicine Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | - Jonathan S Serody
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.,Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.,Computational Medicine Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
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4
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Cieri N, Maurer K, Wu CJ. 60 Years Young: The Evolving Role of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Cancer Immunotherapy. Cancer Res 2021; 81:4373-4384. [PMID: 34108142 PMCID: PMC8416782 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-0301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The year 2020 marked the 30th anniversary of the Nobel Prize in Medicine awarded to E. Donnall Thomas for the development of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) to treat hematologic malignancies and other blood disorders. Dr. Thomas, "father of bone marrow transplantation," first developed and reported this technique in 1957, and in the ensuing decades, this seminal study has impacted fundamental work in hematology and cancer research, including advances in hematopoiesis, stem cell biology, tumor immunology, and T-cell biology. As the first example of cancer immunotherapy, understanding the mechanisms of antitumor biology associated with allo-HSCT has given rise to many of the principles used today in the development and implementation of novel transformative immunotherapies. Here we review the historical basis underpinning the development of allo-HSCT as well as advances in knowledge obtained by defining mechanisms of allo-HSCT activity. We review how these principles have been translated to novel immunotherapies currently utilized in clinical practice and describe potential future applications for allo-HSCT in cancer research and development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Cieri
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Katie Maurer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Catherine J Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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5
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Peña-Asensio J, Calvo H, Torralba M, Miquel J, Sanz-de-Villalobos E, Larrubia JR. Gamma-Chain Receptor Cytokines & PD-1 Manipulation to Restore HCV-Specific CD8 + T Cell Response during Chronic Hepatitis C. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030538. [PMID: 33802622 PMCID: PMC8001543 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV)-specific CD8+ T cell response is essential in natural HCV infection control, but it becomes exhausted during persistent infection. Nowadays, chronic HCV infection can be resolved by direct acting anti-viral treatment, but there are still some non-responders that could benefit from CD8+ T cell response restoration. To become fully reactive, T cell needs the complete release of T cell receptor (TCR) signalling but, during exhaustion this is blocked by the PD-1 effect on CD28 triggering. The T cell pool sensitive to PD-1 modulation is the progenitor subset but not the terminally differentiated effector population. Nevertheless, the blockade of PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint cannot be always enough to restore this pool. This is due to the HCV ability to impair other co-stimulatory mechanisms and metabolic pathways and to induce a pro-apoptotic state besides the TCR signalling impairment. In this sense, gamma-chain receptor cytokines involved in memory generation and maintenance, such as low-level IL-2, IL-7, IL-15, and IL-21, might carry out a positive effect on metabolic reprogramming, apoptosis blockade and restoration of co-stimulatory signalling. This review sheds light on the role of combinatory immunotherapeutic strategies to restore a reactive anti-HCV T cell response based on the mixture of PD-1 blocking plus IL-2/IL-7/IL-15/IL-21 treatment.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- B7-H1 Antigen/antagonists & inhibitors
- B7-H1 Antigen/genetics
- B7-H1 Antigen/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/virology
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Hepacivirus/immunology
- Hepacivirus/pathogenicity
- Hepatitis C, Chronic/drug therapy
- Hepatitis C, Chronic/genetics
- Hepatitis C, Chronic/immunology
- Hepatitis C, Chronic/virology
- Host-Pathogen Interactions/drug effects
- Host-Pathogen Interactions/genetics
- Host-Pathogen Interactions/immunology
- Humans
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Immunity, Cellular/drug effects
- Immunotherapy/methods
- Interleukins/genetics
- Interleukins/immunology
- Interleukins/therapeutic use
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- Precursor Cells, T-Lymphoid/drug effects
- Precursor Cells, T-Lymphoid/immunology
- Precursor Cells, T-Lymphoid/virology
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/genetics
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/agonists
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/immunology
- Signal Transduction
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Peña-Asensio
- Translational Hepatology Unit, Guadalajara University Hospital, E-19002 Guadalajara, Spain; (J.P.-A.); (H.C.); (M.T.); (J.M.); (E.S.-d.-V.)
- Department of Biology of Systems, University of Alcalá, E-28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Henar Calvo
- Translational Hepatology Unit, Guadalajara University Hospital, E-19002 Guadalajara, Spain; (J.P.-A.); (H.C.); (M.T.); (J.M.); (E.S.-d.-V.)
- Section of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Guadalajara University Hospital, E-19002 Guadalajara, Spain
| | - Miguel Torralba
- Translational Hepatology Unit, Guadalajara University Hospital, E-19002 Guadalajara, Spain; (J.P.-A.); (H.C.); (M.T.); (J.M.); (E.S.-d.-V.)
- Service of Internal Medicine, Guadalajara University Hospital, E-19002 Guadalajara, Spain
- Department of Medicine & Medical Specialties, University of Alcalá, E-28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Joaquín Miquel
- Translational Hepatology Unit, Guadalajara University Hospital, E-19002 Guadalajara, Spain; (J.P.-A.); (H.C.); (M.T.); (J.M.); (E.S.-d.-V.)
- Section of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Guadalajara University Hospital, E-19002 Guadalajara, Spain
| | - Eduardo Sanz-de-Villalobos
- Translational Hepatology Unit, Guadalajara University Hospital, E-19002 Guadalajara, Spain; (J.P.-A.); (H.C.); (M.T.); (J.M.); (E.S.-d.-V.)
- Section of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Guadalajara University Hospital, E-19002 Guadalajara, Spain
| | - Juan-Ramón Larrubia
- Translational Hepatology Unit, Guadalajara University Hospital, E-19002 Guadalajara, Spain; (J.P.-A.); (H.C.); (M.T.); (J.M.); (E.S.-d.-V.)
- Section of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Guadalajara University Hospital, E-19002 Guadalajara, Spain
- Department of Medicine & Medical Specialties, University of Alcalá, E-28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-949-20-9200
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6
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Abd Hamid M, Peng Y, Dong T. Human cancer germline antigen-specific cytotoxic T cell-what can we learn from patient. Cell Mol Immunol 2020; 17:684-692. [PMID: 32451453 PMCID: PMC7331575 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-0468-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we will highlight the importance of cancer germline antigen-specific cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes (CTL) and the factors affecting antitumor CTL responses. In light of cancer immunotherapy, we will emphasis the need to further understand the features, characteristics, and actions of modulatory receptors of human cancer germline-specific CTLs, in order to determine the optimal conditions for antitumor CTL responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megat Abd Hamid
- Nufield Department of Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yanchun Peng
- Nufield Department of Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tao Dong
- Nufield Department of Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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7
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Han J, Lotze MT. The Adaptome as Biomarker for Assessing Cancer Immunity and Immunotherapy. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2055:369-397. [PMID: 31502161 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9773-2_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In terms of diagnosing and treating diseases, our adaptive immune system is the "best doctor." It carries out these tasks with unmatched precision, with the help of both T and B cell receptors, our most diverse set of genes, distinguishing one individual from another. It does this by generating autologous extraordinary diversity in the receptors, ranging from 1015 to 1025 for each chain of the rearranged receptors. By combining multiplex PCR and next-generation sequencing (NGS), we have developed high throughput methods to study adaptive immunity. The adaptome is the sum-total of expressed T and B cell receptor genes in a sample, composed of seven chains, including the alpha/beta and gamma/delta chains for T cells, and heavy/lambda or kappa chains for B cells. Immune repertoire is the sum-total of the individual clonotypes within one chain, including individual complementarity-determining regions (CDR) 3 sequences. In order to reflect the breadth and depth of the true adaptome, the following criteria assessing any method needs to be ascertained: (1) Methods need to be inclusive and quantitative; (2) Analysis should consider what questions need to be addressed and whether bulk or single cell sequencing provide the best tools for assessing the underlying biology and addressing important questions; (3) Measures of clonal diversity are key to understand the underlying structure and providence of the repertoire; and (4) Convergent evolution may allow a surprising degree of homologous or identical CDR3s associated with individual disease entities, creating hope for novel diagnostics and/or disease burden assessments. Integrating studies of the peripheral blood, lymph nodes, and tumor allows dynamic interrogation of the alterations occurring with age, treatment, and response to emergent and established therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Han
- iRepertoire, Inc., Huntsville, AL, USA.,Hudson Alpha Institute, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Michael T Lotze
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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8
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Lee JB, Chen B, Vasic D, Law AD, Zhang L. Cellular immunotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia: How specific should it be? Blood Rev 2019; 35:18-31. [PMID: 30826141 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Significant improvements in the survival of patients with hematological cancers following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation provide evidence supporting the potency of immune cell-mediated anti-leukemic effects. Studies focusing on immune cell-based cancer therapies have made significant breakthroughs in the last few years. Adoptive cellular therapy (ACT), and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy, in particular, has significantly increased the survival of patients with B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and aggressive B cell lymphoma. Despite antigen-negative relapses and severe toxicities such as cytokine release syndrome after treatment, CAR-T cell therapies have been approved by the FDA in some conditions. Although a number of studies have tried to achieve similar results for acute myeloid leukemia (AML), clinical outcomes have not been as promising. In this review, we summarize recent and ongoing studies on cellular therapies for AML patients, with a focus on antigen-specific versus -nonspecific approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Bok Lee
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, 2-207 101 College St., Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Branson Chen
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, 2-207 101 College St., Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Daniel Vasic
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, 2-207 101 College St., Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Arjun D Law
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 6-711 700 University Ave., Toronto, Ontario M5G 1Z5, Canada.
| | - Li Zhang
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, 2-207 101 College St., Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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9
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Lee JB, Kang H, Fang L, D'Souza C, Adeyi O, Zhang L. Developing Allogeneic Double-Negative T Cells as a Novel Off-the-Shelf Adoptive Cellular Therapy for Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:2241-2253. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-2291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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10
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Lee DY, Lim KS, Valencia GM, Jung M, Bull DA, Won Y. One-Step Method for Instant Generation of Advanced Allogeneic NK Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2018; 5:1800447. [PMID: 30479915 PMCID: PMC6247049 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201800447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Conventional combinatorial anticancer therapy has shown promising outcomes; still, a significant interest in developing new methods to reinforce and possibly merge chemotherapy and immunotherapy persists. Here, a new one-step method that immediately modifies immune cells into a targeted form of chemoimmunotherapy through spontaneous and rapid incorporation of hydrophobized antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) on the surface of immune cells is presented. Therapeutic objectives of this approach include targeted delivery of a potent chemotherapeutic agent to avoid adverse effects, enhancing the mobilization of infused immune cells toward tumor sites, and preserving the intense cytotoxic activities of immune cells against tumor cells. The embedding of hydrophobized ADCs on the immune cell membrane using the strategy in this study provides noninvasive, nontoxic, and homogenous modifications that transiently arm immune cells with highly potent cytotoxic drugs targeted toward cancer cells. The resulting surface-engineered immune cells with ADCs significantly suppress the tumor growth and drive the eradication of target cancer cells through combinatorial anticancer effects. This novel strategy allows convenient and timely preparation of advanced chemoimmunotherapy on a single immune cell to treat various types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Y. Lee
- Division of Cardio‐Thoracic SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryUniversity of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUT84132USA
- Division of Cardio‐Thoracic SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryUniversity of Arizona College of MedicineTucsonAZ85724USA
| | - Kwang Suk Lim
- Division of Cardio‐Thoracic SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryUniversity of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUT84132USA
- Department of Biotechnology and BioengineeringInstitute of Forest ScienceKangwon National UniversityChuncheon‐si24341Republic of Korea
| | - Gabriel M. Valencia
- Division of Cardio‐Thoracic SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryUniversity of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUT84132USA
| | - Minjin Jung
- Division of Cardio‐Thoracic SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryUniversity of Arizona College of MedicineTucsonAZ85724USA
| | - David A. Bull
- Division of Cardio‐Thoracic SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryUniversity of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUT84132USA
- Division of Cardio‐Thoracic SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryUniversity of Arizona College of MedicineTucsonAZ85724USA
| | - Young‐Wook Won
- Division of Cardio‐Thoracic SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryUniversity of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUT84132USA
- Division of Cardio‐Thoracic SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryUniversity of Arizona College of MedicineTucsonAZ85724USA
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11
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Kagoya Y, Nakatsugawa M, Saso K, Guo T, Anczurowski M, Wang CH, Butler MO, Arrowsmith CH, Hirano N. DOT1L inhibition attenuates graft-versus-host disease by allogeneic T cells in adoptive immunotherapy models. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1915. [PMID: 29765028 PMCID: PMC5954061 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04262-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive T-cell therapy is a promising therapeutic approach for cancer patients. The use of allogeneic T-cell grafts will improve its applicability and versatility provided that inherent allogeneic responses are controlled. T-cell activation is finely regulated by multiple signaling molecules that are transcriptionally controlled by epigenetic mechanisms. Here we report that inhibiting DOT1L, a histone H3-lysine 79 methyltransferase, alleviates allogeneic T-cell responses. DOT1L inhibition reduces miR-181a expression, which in turn increases the ERK phosphatase DUSP6 expression and selectively ameliorates low-avidity T-cell responses through globally suppressing T-cell activation-induced gene expression alterations. The inhibition of DOT1L or DUSP6 overexpression in T cells attenuates the development of graft-versus-host disease, while retaining potent antitumor activity in xenogeneic and allogeneic adoptive immunotherapy models. These results suggest that DOT1L inhibition may enable the safe and effective use of allogeneic antitumor T cells by suppressing unwanted immunological reactions in adoptive immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kagoya
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Munehide Nakatsugawa
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Kayoko Saso
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Tingxi Guo
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Mark Anczurowski
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Chung-Hsi Wang
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Marcus O Butler
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Cheryl H Arrowsmith
- Structural Genomics Consortium and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada.,Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Naoto Hirano
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada. .,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
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12
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Chmielewski M, Abken H. TRUCKs with IL-18 payload: Toward shaping the immune landscape for a more efficacious CAR T-cell therapy of solid cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/acg2.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Chmielewski
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne; University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine; University Hospital Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - Hinrich Abken
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne; University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine; University Hospital Cologne; Cologne Germany
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13
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Zhang Z, Sun H, Zhang J, Ge C, Dong S, Li Z, Li R, Chen X, Li M, Chen Y, Zou Y, Qian Z, Yang L, Yang J, Zhu Z, Liu Z, Song X. Safety and Efficacy of Transplantation with Allogeneic Skin Tumors to Treat Chemically-Induced Skin Tumors in Mice. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:3113-23. [PMID: 27587310 PMCID: PMC5019137 DOI: 10.12659/msm.900148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Transplantation with allogeneic cells has become a promising modality for cancer therapy, which can induce graft-versus-tumor (GVT) effect. This study was aimed at assessing the safety, efficacy, and tissue type GVT (tGVT) response of transplantation with allogeneic skin tumors to treat chemically-induced skin tumors in mice. Material/Methods FVB/N and ICR mice were exposed topically to chemicals to induce skin tumors. Healthy ICR mice were transplanted with allogeneic skin tumors from FVB/N mice to test the safety. The tumor-bearing ICR mice were transplanted with, or without, allogeneic skin tumors to test the efficacy. The body weights (BW), body condition scores (BCS), tumor volumes in situ, metastasis tumors, overall survival, and serum cytokines were measured longitudinally. Results Transplantation with no more than 0.03 g allogeneic skin tumors from FVB/N mice to healthy ICR mice was safe. After transplantation with allogeneic skin tumors to treat tumor-bearing mice, it inhibited the growth of tumors slightly at early stage, accompanied by fewer metastatic tumors at 24 days after transplantation (21.05% vs. 47.37%), while there were no statistically significant differences in the values of BW, BCS, tumor volumes in situ, metastasis tumors, and overall survival between the transplanted and non-transplanted groups. The levels of serum interleukin (IL)-2 were significantly reduced in the controls (P<0.05), but not in the recipients, which may be associated with the tGVT response. Conclusions Our results suggest that transplantation with allogeneic skin tumors is a safe treatment in mice, which can induce short-term tGVT response mediated by IL-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Hua Sun
- PET/CT Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Chunlei Ge
- Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Suwei Dong
- Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Ruilei Li
- Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaodan Chen
- Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Yingying Zou
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Zhongyi Qian
- Laboratory of Morphology, School of Basic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Jinyan Yang
- Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Zhitao Zhu
- Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Zhimin Liu
- Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Xin Song
- Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
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14
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Kayser S, Boβ C, Feucht J, Witte KE, Scheu A, Bülow HJ, Joachim S, Stevanović S, Schumm M, Rittig SM, Lang P, Röcken M, Handgretinger R, Feuchtinger T. Rapid generation of NY-ESO-1-specific CD4 + T HELPER1 cells for adoptive T-cell therapy. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e1002723. [PMID: 26155389 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2014.1002723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated antigens such as NY-ESO-1 are expressed in a variety of solid tumors but absent in mature healthy tissues with the exception of germline cells. The immune system anti-cancer attack is mediated by cell lysis or induction of growth arrest through paralysis of tumor cells, the latter of which can be achieved by tumor-specific CD4+, IFNγ-producing THelper type 1 (TH1) cells. Translation of these immune-mediated mechanisms into clinical application has been limited by availability of immune effectors, as well as the need for complex in vitro protocols and regulatory hurdles. Here, we report a procedure to generate cancer-testis antigen NY-ESO-1-targeting CD4+ TH1 cells in vitro for cancer immunotherapy in the clinic. After in vitro sensitization by stimulating T cells with protein-spanning, overlapping peptide pools of NY-ESO-1 in combination with IL-7 and low dose IL-2, antigen-specific T cells were isolated using IFNγ capture technique and subsequently expanded with IL-2, IL-7 and IL-15. Large numbers of NY-ESO-1-specific CD4+ T cells with a TH1 cytokine profile and lower numbers of cytokine-secreting CD8+ T cells could be generated from healthy donors with a high specificity and expansion potential. Manufactured CD4+ T cells showed strong specific TH1-responses with IFNγ+, TNFα+, IL-2+ and induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in tumor cells. The protocol is GMP-grade and approved by the regulatory authorities. The tumor-antigen specific CD4+ TH1 lymphocytes can be adoptively transferred as a T-cell therapy to boost anticancer immunity and this novel cancer treatment approach is applicable to both T cells from healthy allogeneic donors as well as to autologous T cells derived from cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Kayser
- University Children's Hospital Tübingen ; Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cristina Boβ
- Department of Dermatology; University Hospital Tübingen ; Tübingen, Germany
| | - Judith Feucht
- University Children's Hospital Tübingen ; Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kai-Erik Witte
- University Children's Hospital Tübingen ; Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Stefan Stevanović
- Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, Department of Immunology, University Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany
| | - Michael Schumm
- University Children's Hospital Tübingen ; Tübingen, Germany
| | - Susanne M Rittig
- Department of Internal Medicine; University Hospital Tübingen ; Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Lang
- University Children's Hospital Tübingen ; Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Röcken
- Department of Dermatology; University Hospital Tübingen ; Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Tobias Feuchtinger
- Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation; Dr. von Hauner'sches Kinderspital; Ludwig-Maximilians-University ; Munich, Germany
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15
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Zhang Q, Liu XY, Zhang T, Zhang XF, Zhao L, Long F, Liu ZK, Wang EH. The dual-functional capability of cytokine-induced killer cells and application in tumor immunology. Hum Immunol 2015; 76:385-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2014.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 09/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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16
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Cao K, Wang G, Li W, Zhang L, Wang R, Huang Y, Du L, Jiang J, Wu C, He X, Roberts AI, Li F, Rabson AB, Wang Y, Shi Y. Histone deacetylase inhibitors prevent activation-induced cell death and promote anti-tumor immunity. Oncogene 2015; 34:5960-70. [PMID: 25745993 PMCID: PMC4672172 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The poor efficacy of the in vivo anti-tumor immune response has been partially attributed to ineffective T-cell responses mounted against the tumor. Fas-FasL-dependent activation-induced cell death (AICD) of T cells is believed to be a major contributor to compromised anti-tumor immunity. The molecular mechanisms of AICD are well-investigated, yet the possibility of regulating AICD for cancer therapy remains to be explored. In this study, we show that histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) can inhibit apoptosis of CD4+ T cells within the tumor, thereby enhancing anti-tumor immune responses and suppressing melanoma growth. This inhibitory effect is specific for AICD through suppressing NFAT1-regulated FasL expression on activated CD4+ T cells. In gld/gld mice with mutation in FasL, the beneficial effect of HDACIs on AICD of infiltrating CD4+ T cells is not seen, confirming the critical role of FasL regulation in the anti-tumor effect of HDACIs. Importantly, we found that the co-administration of HDACIs and anti-CTLA4 could further enhance the infiltration of CD4+ T cells and achieve a synergistic therapeutic effect on tumor. Therefore, our study demonstrates that the modulation of AICD of tumor-infiltrating CD4+ T cells using HDACIs can enhance anti-tumor immune responses, uncovering a novel mechanism underlying the anti-tumor effect of HDACIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Cao
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai Jiao Tong University of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - G Wang
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai Jiao Tong University of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - W Li
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai Jiao Tong University of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - L Zhang
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - R Wang
- Uro-Oncology Research, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Y Huang
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai Jiao Tong University of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - L Du
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai Jiao Tong University of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - J Jiang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - C Wu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - X He
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - A I Roberts
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - F Li
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai Jiao Tong University of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - A B Rabson
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Y Wang
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai Jiao Tong University of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Shi
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai Jiao Tong University of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Identification of the genomic insertion site of Pmel-1 TCR α and β transgenes by next-generation sequencing. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96650. [PMID: 24827921 PMCID: PMC4020793 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The pmel-1 T cell receptor transgenic mouse has been extensively employed as an ideal model system to study the mechanisms of tumor immunology, CD8+ T cell differentiation, autoimmunity and adoptive immunotherapy. The ‘zygosity’ of the transgene affects the transgene expression levels and may compromise optimal breeding scheme design. However, the integration sites for the pmel-1 mouse have remained uncharacterized. This is also true for many other commonly used transgenic mice created before the modern era of rapid and inexpensive next-generation sequencing. Here, we show that whole genome sequencing can be used to determine the exact pmel-1 genomic integration site, even with relatively ‘shallow’ (8X) coverage. The results were used to develop a validated polymerase chain reaction-based genotyping assay. For the first time, we provide a quick and convenient polymerase chain reaction method to determine the dosage of pmel-1 transgene for this freely and publically available mouse resource. We also demonstrate that next-generation sequencing provides a feasible approach for mapping foreign DNA integration sites, even when information of the original vector sequences is only partially known.
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18
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Shi G, Zhou C, Wang D, Ma W, Liu B, Zhang S. Antitumor enhancement by adoptive transfer of tumor antigen primed, inactivated MHC-haploidentical lymphocytes. Cancer Lett 2014; 343:42-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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19
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Abstract
The field of anatomic pathology has changed significantly over the last decades and, as a result of the technological developments in molecular pathology and genetics, has had increasing pressures put on it to become quantitative and to provide more information about protein expression on a cellular level in tissue sections. Multispectral imaging (MSI) has a long history as an advanced imaging modality and has been used for over a decade now in pathology to improve quantitative accuracy, enable the analysis of multicolor immunohistochemistry, and drastically reduce the impact of contrast-robbing tissue autofluorescence common in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. When combined with advanced software for the automated segmentation of different tissue morphologies (eg, tumor vs stroma) and cellular and subcellular segmentation, MSI can enable the per-cell quantitation of many markers simultaneously. This article covers the role that MSI has played in anatomic pathology in the analysis of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections, discusses the technological aspects of why MSI has been adopted, and provides a review of the literature of the application of MSI in anatomic pathology.
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20
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Chung JS, Tomihari M, Tamura K, Kojima T, Cruz PD, Ariizumi K. The DC-HIL ligand syndecan-4 is a negative regulator of T-cell allo-reactivity responsible for graft-versus-host disease. Immunology 2013; 138:173-82. [PMID: 23113638 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Revised: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is the most important cause of mortality after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Allo-reactive T cells are the major mediators of GVHD and the process is regulated by positive and negative regulators on antigen-presenting cells (APC). Because the significance of negative regulators in GVHD pathogenesis is not fully understood, and having discovered that syndecan-4 (SD-4) on effector T cells mediates the inhibitory function of DC-HIL on APC, we proposed that SD-4 negatively regulates the T-cell response to allo-stimulation in acute GVHD, using SD-4 knockout mice. Although not different from their wild-type counterparts in responsiveness to anti-CD3 stimulation, SD-4(-/-) T cells lost the capacity to mediate the inhibitory function of DC-HIL and were hyper-reactive to allogeneic APC. Moreover, infusion of SD-4(-/-) T cells into sub-lethally γ-irradiated allogeneic mice worsened mortality, with hyper-proliferation of infused T cells in recipients. Although there my be little or no involvement of regulatory T cells in this model because SD-4 deletion had no deleterious effect on T-cell-suppressive activity compared with SD-4(+/+) regulatory T cells. We conclude that SD-4, as the T-cell ligand of DC-HIL, is a potent inhibitor of allo-reactive T cells responsible for GVHD and a potentially useful target for treating this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Sung Chung
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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21
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Abstract
The inherent immunogenicity of melanoma and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has made these tumors a focus of considerable research in vaccine development. Recent data from murine studies of immunosurveillance have highlighted the importance of both innate and adaptive immune responses in shaping a tumor's inherent susceptibility to immune surveillance and immunotherapy. Melanoma has been a useful model for the identification of tumor-associated antigens and a number of putative renal cell antigens have been described more recently. These antigens have been targeted using a variety of vaccine strategies, including protein- and peptide-based vaccines, recombinant antigen-expressing vectors, and whole cell vaccine approaches. While evidence for clinical benefit has been disappointing to date, several current phase III clinical trials are in progress based on promising results from phase II studies. Accumulating data suggest that the tumor microenvironment and mechanisms of immunological escape by established tumors are significant barriers that must be overcome before vaccine therapy can be fully realized. This review will discuss the basis for vaccine development, describe some of the more promising vaccine strategies in development, and mention some of the tumor escape mechanisms that block effective anti-tumor immunity for melanoma and RCC.
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22
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Schutt C, Bumm K, Mirandola L, Bernardini G, Cunha ND, Tijani L, Nguyen D, Cordero J, Jenkins MR, Cobos E, Kast WM, Chiriva-Internati M. Immunological treatment options for locoregionally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Int Rev Immunol 2012; 31:22-42. [PMID: 22251006 DOI: 10.3109/08830185.2011.637253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC) are usually treated by a multimodal approach with surgery and/or radiochemotherapy as the mainstay of local-regional treatment in cases with advanced disease. Both chemotherapy and radiation therapy have the disadvantage of causing severe side effects, while the clinical outcome of patients diagnosed with HNSCC has remained essentially unchanged over the last decade. The potential of immunotherapy is still largely unexplored. Here the authors review the current status of the art and discuss the future challenges in HNSCC treatment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Schutt
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center and Southwest Cancer Treatment and Research Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA; and Department of Surgery at the Division of Otolaryngology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Klaus Bumm
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center and Southwest Cancer Treatment and Research Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Leonardo Mirandola
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center and Southwest Cancer Treatment and Research Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA; Laura W. Bush Institute for Women's Health and Center for Women's Health and Gender-Based Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas, USA; and Department of Medicine Surgery and Dentistry, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bernardini
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Science, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Nicholas D' Cunha
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center and Southwest Cancer Treatment and Research Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Lukman Tijani
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center and Southwest Cancer Treatment and Research Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Diane Nguyen
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center and Southwest Cancer Treatment and Research Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Joehassin Cordero
- Division of Surgery, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center and Southwest Cancer Treatment and Research Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Marjorie R Jenkins
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center and Southwest Cancer Treatment and Research Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA; and Laura W. Bush Institute for Women's Health and Center for Women's Health and Gender-Based Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas, USA
| | - Everardo Cobos
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center and Southwest Cancer Treatment and Research Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA; and Laura W. Bush Institute for Women's Health and Center for Women's Health and Gender-Based Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas, USA
| | - W Martin Kast
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA; and Cancer Research Center of Hawaii, University of Hawaii at Manao, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Maurizio Chiriva-Internati
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center and Southwest Cancer Treatment and Research Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA; Division of Surgery, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center and Southwest Cancer Treatment and Research Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA; and Laura W. Bush Institute for Women's Health and Center for Women's Health and Gender-Based Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas, USA
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Yang L, Qi Y, Hu J, Tang L, Zhao S, Shan B. Expression of Th17 cells in breast cancer tissue and its association with clinical parameters. Cell Biochem Biophys 2012; 62:153-9. [PMID: 22081436 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-011-9276-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Th17 cells are newly identified effector CD4(+) T cells, which play an active role in inflammation and autoimmune diseases and may be relevant for anti-tumor defenses. In the present study, we examined expression of Th17 cells in specimens of breast cancer tissue and its association with clinical, pathology, and immunological parameters. Expression rates of Th17 and T regulatory (Treg) cells in breast cancer and normal (i.e. non-cancerous) tissue were evaluated using flow cytometry in 30 patients with breast carcinoma. Further, expression of interleukin-17 (IL-17), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in breast cancer tissue was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining. Associations between Th17 expression and other parameters were analyzed by multiple linear regression analysis. We observed that expression of Th17 cells was significantly higher in breast cancer compared to normal breast tissue. Further, expressions of IL-17, IL-1β, and IL-6 in cancer tissue positively correlated with expression of Th17 cells. In addition, there was a negative association between the numbers of Th17 cells and TNM stage, blood vessel invasion, and increased numbers of metastatic lymph nodes. Finally, expression of Th17 was not associated with expression of Treg. In conclusion, Th17 cells appear to be involved in anti-tumor immune responses and are associated with a more favorable prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- LiJuan Yang
- Research Center, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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24
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Restifo NP, Dudley ME, Rosenberg SA. Adoptive immunotherapy for cancer: harnessing the T cell response. Nat Rev Immunol 2012; 12:269-81. [PMID: 22437939 PMCID: PMC6292222 DOI: 10.1038/nri3191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1182] [Impact Index Per Article: 98.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy based on the adoptive transfer of naturally occurring or gene-engineered T cells can mediate tumour regression in patients with metastatic cancer. Here, we discuss progress in the use of adoptively transferred T cells, focusing on how they can mediate tumour cell eradication. Recent advances include more accurate targeting of antigens expressed by tumours and the associated vasculature, and the successful use of gene engineering to re-target T cells before their transfer into the patient. We also describe how new research has helped to identify the particular T cell subsets that can most effectively promote tumour eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas P Restifo
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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25
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Weidanz JA, Hawkins O, Verma B, Hildebrand WH. TCR-like biomolecules target peptide/MHC Class I complexes on the surface of infected and cancerous cells. Int Rev Immunol 2012; 30:328-40. [PMID: 22053972 DOI: 10.3109/08830185.2011.604880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The human leukocyte antigen (HLA; also called major histocompatibility, or MHC) class I system presents peptides that distinguish healthy from diseased cells. Therefore, the discovery of peptide/MHC class I markers can provide highly specific targets for immunotherapy. Over the course of almost two decades, various strategies have been used, with mixed success, to produce antibodies that have recognition specificity for unique peptide/MHC class I complexes that mark infected and cancerous cells. Using these antibody reagents, novel peptide/MHC class I targets have been directly validated on diseased cells and new insight has been gained into the mechanisms of antigen presentation. More recently, these antibodies have shown promise for clinical applications such as therapeutic targeting of cancerous and infected cells and diagnosis and imaging of diseased cells. In this review, the authors comprehensively describe the methods used to identify disease-specific peptide/MHC class I epitopes and generate antibodies to these markers. Finally, they offer several examples that illustrate the promise of using these antibodies as anti-cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon A Weidanz
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Immunotherapeutic Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1718 Pine, Abilene, TX 79601, USA.
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27
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Abstract
Adoptive cell transfer of allogeneic tumor-specific T cells could potentially be used as a universal treatment for cancer. We present a novel approach for adoptive immunotherapy using fully MHC-mismatched allogeneic T cells redirected with tumor-specific, non-MHC-restricted antibody-based chimeric antigen receptor (T-bodies) in the absence of GVHD. Mice bearing systemic metastatic disease were lymphodepleted by irradiation and treated with Her2/neu re-directed T cells. Lymphodepletion created a 'therapeutic window', which allowed the allo-T-bodies to attack the tumor before their rejection. A single split dose administration of allogeneic T-bodies extended the survival of tumor-bearing mice similarly to syngeneic T-bodies, and to a significantly greater extent than nonspecific allogeneic T cells. Blocking egress of lymphocytes from lymphoid organs using the sphingosine-1-phosphate agonist, FTY720, extended the persistence of allogeneic T cells such that allogeneic T-bodies provided superior therapeutic benefit relative to syngeneic ones, and dramatically extended the median survival time of the treated mice for more than a year. Therefore, we suggest that ex-vivo generated MHC-mismatched T-bodies can be used universally for off-the-shelf cancer immunotherapy and that their graft-versus-host reactivity can be safely harnessed to potentiate adoptive cell therapy.
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Yi H, Yu X, Guo C, Manjili MH, Repasky EA, Wang XY. Adoptive cell therapy of prostate cancer using female mice-derived T cells that react with prostate antigens. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2011; 60:349-60. [PMID: 21088965 PMCID: PMC3042529 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-010-0939-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2010] [Accepted: 10/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we report a novel treatment strategy that could potentially be used to improve efficacy of adoptive cell therapy for patients with prostate cancer. We show that female C57BL/6 mice are able to effectively reject two syngeneic prostate tumors (TRAMP-C2 and RM1) in a T cell-dependent manner. The protective antitumor immunity appears to primarily involve T cell responses reactive against general prostate tumor/tissue antigens, rather than simply to male-specific H-Y antigen. For the first time we show that adoptive transfer of lymphocytes from TRAMP-C2-primed or naïve female mice effectively control prostate tumor growth in male mice, when combined with host pre-conditioning (i.e., non-myeloablative lymphodepletion) and IL-2 administration. No pathological autoimmune response was observed in the treated tumor-bearing male mice. Our studies provide new insights regarding the immune-mediated recognition of male-specific tissue, such as the prostate, and may offer new immunotherapy treatment strategies for advanced prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanfa Yi
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298 USA
- VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298 USA
- VCU Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA 23298 USA
| | - Xiaofei Yu
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298 USA
- VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298 USA
- VCU Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA 23298 USA
| | - Chunqing Guo
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298 USA
- VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298 USA
- VCU Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA 23298 USA
| | - Masoud H. Manjili
- VCU Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA 23298 USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298 USA
| | | | - Xiang-Yang Wang
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298 USA
- VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298 USA
- VCU Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA 23298 USA
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Spaapen RM, Groen RWJ, van den Oudenalder K, Guichelaar T, van Elk M, Aarts-Riemens T, Bloem AC, Storm G, Martens AC, Lokhorst HM, Mutis T. Eradication of medullary multiple myeloma by CD4+ cytotoxic human T lymphocytes directed at a single minor histocompatibility antigen. Clin Cancer Res 2010; 16:5481-8. [PMID: 21062930 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-1340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The essential role of CD4(+) T cells as helpers of anticancer immunity is indisputable. Little is known, however, about their capacity to serve as effector cells in cancer treatment. Therefore, we explored the efficacy of immunotherapy with sole CD4(+) cytotoxic human T cells directed at a hematopoietic-restricted minor histocompatibility antigen (mHag). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN In macrophage-depleted Rag2(-/-)γc(-/-) mice, which were also devoid of T, B, and natural killer cells, mHag-specific native T cells or tetanus toxoid (TT)-specific T cells transduced with the mHag-specific T-cell receptor (TCR) were injected to treat full-blown mHag(+) human multiple myeloma tumors. RESULTS mHag-specific antitumor responses were achieved after injection of native or mHag-TCR-transduced T cells. Although the therapy completely eradicated the primary tumors in the bone marrow, it failed to control extramedullary relapses, even after repeated T-cell injections. Detailed analyses ruled out mHag or MHC downregulation as mechanisms of extramedullary tumor escape. Impaired T-cell survival in vivo or defective homing to the tumor site were also ruled out as mechanisms behind extramedullary relapses, because injections of TT-loaded antigen presenting cells could facilitate homing of long-term surviving T cells to s.c. tumor sites. Moreover, intratumoral treatment of extramedullary tumors with 3AB11 was also ineffective. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results for the first time show the feasibility of immunotherapy of primary bone marrow tumors with sole CD4(+) human T cells directed to a tumor-associated mHag. Extramedullary relapses, probably due to microenvironment-dependent inhibitory mechanisms, remain a challenging issue towards effective cellular immunotherapy of hematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robbert M Spaapen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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30
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Udyavar A, Geiger TL. Rebalancing immune specificity and function in cancer by T-cell receptor gene therapy. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2010; 58:335-46. [PMID: 20680493 PMCID: PMC2928402 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-010-0090-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2010] [Accepted: 04/16/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Adoptive immunotherapy with tumor-specific T lymphocytes has demonstrated clinical benefit in some cancers, particularly melanoma. Yet isolating and expanding tumor-specific cells from patients is challenging and there is limited ability to control T-cell affinity and response characteristics. T-cell receptor (TCR) gene therapy, in which T lymphocytes for immunotherapy are redirected using an introduced rearranged TCR, has emerged as an important alternative. Successful TCR gene therapy requires consideration of a number of issues, including TCR specificity and affinity, optimal gene therapy constructs, types of T cells administered, and the survival and activity of the modified cells. In this review we highlight the rationale for and experience with TCR gene therapy as well as new approaches to enhancing it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshata Udyavar
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105
| | - Terrence L. Geiger
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105
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31
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Norell H, Zhang Y, McCracken J, Martins da Palma T, Lesher A, Liu Y, Roszkowski JJ, Temple A, Callender GG, Clay T, Orentas R, Guevara-Patiño J, Nishimura MI. CD34-based enrichment of genetically engineered human T cells for clinical use results in dramatically enhanced tumor targeting. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2010; 59:851-62. [PMID: 20052466 PMCID: PMC3736983 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-009-0810-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2009] [Accepted: 12/07/2009] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective clinical responses can be achieved in melanoma patients by infusion of T cell receptor (TCR) gene transduced T cells. Although promising, the therapy is still largely ineffective, as most patients did not benefit from treatment. That only a minority of the infused T cells were genetically modified and that these were extensively expanded ex vivo may have prevented their efficacy. We developed novel and generally applicable retroviral vectors that allow rapid and efficient selection of T cells transduced with human TCRs. These vectors encode two TCR chains and a truncated CD34 molecule (CD34t) in a single mRNA transcript. Transduced T cells were characterized and the effects of CD34-based enrichment of redirected T cells were evaluated. Both CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells could be transduced and efficiently co-expressed all introduced transgenes on their surface. Importantly, more than fivefold enrichment of both the frequency of transduced cells and the specific anti-tumor reactivity of the effector population could be achieved by magnetic beads-based enrichment procedures readily available for clinical grade hematopoietic stem cell isolation. This CD34-based enrichment technology will improve the feasibility of adoptive transfer of clinically relevant effectors. In addition to their enhanced tumor recognition, the enriched redirected T cells may also show superior reactivity and persistence in vivo due to the high purity of transduced cells and the shortened ex vivo culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Håkan Norell
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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Muranski P, Restifo NP. Adoptive immunotherapy of cancer using CD4(+) T cells. Curr Opin Immunol 2009; 21:200-8. [PMID: 19285848 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2009.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2009] [Accepted: 02/13/2009] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
CD4(+) T cells are central to the function of the immune system but their role in tumor immunity remains underappreciated. It is becoming clear that there is an enormous diversity of CD4(+) T cell polarization patterns including Th1, Th2, Th17, and regulatory T cells (Tregs). These functionally divergent T cell subsets can have opposing effects -- they can trigger tumor rejection or inhibit treatment after adoptive cell transfer. Some polarized CD4(+) cells have plasticity, and their phenotypes and functions can evolve in vivo. Recent advances in understanding of polarization and differentiation of lymphocytes, as well as some intriguing developments in the clinic, indicate that the use of CD4(+) T cell subsets in the immunotherapy of cancer has unrealized potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Muranski
- National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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33
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Tumor-specific allogeneic T cells treat solid tumors in mice. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1038/ncponc1313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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