1
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Al-Badri G, Phillips JB, Shipley RJ, Ovenden NC. Formation of vascular-like structures using a chemotaxis-driven multiphase model. Math Biosci 2024; 372:109183. [PMID: 38554855 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2024.109183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
We propose a continuum model for pattern formation, based on the multiphase model framework, to explore in vitro cell patterning within an extracellular matrix (ECM). We demonstrate that, within this framework, chemotaxis-driven cell migration can lead to the formation of cell clusters and vascular-like structures in 1D and 2D respectively. The influence on pattern formation of additional mechanisms commonly included in multiphase tissue models, including cell-matrix traction, contact inhibition, and cell-cell aggregation, are also investigated. Using sensitivity analysis, the relative impact of each model parameter on the simulation outcomes is assessed to identify the key parameters involved. Chemoattractant-matrix binding is further included, motivated by previous experimental studies, and found to reduce the spatial scale of patterning to within a biologically plausible range for capillary structures. Key findings from the in-depth parameter analysis of the 1D models, both with and without chemoattractant-matrix binding, are demonstrated to translate well to the 2D model, obtaining vascular-like cell patterning for multiple parameter regimes. Overall, we demonstrate a biologically-motivated multiphase model capable of generating long-term pattern formation on a biologically plausible spatial scale both in 1D and 2D, with applications for modelling in vitro vascular network formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Al-Badri
- Department of Mathematics, University College London, London, UK; Centre for Nerve Engineering, University College London, London, UK.
| | - James B Phillips
- Centre for Nerve Engineering, University College London, London, UK; Department of Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rebecca J Shipley
- Centre for Nerve Engineering, University College London, London, UK; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nicholas C Ovenden
- Department of Mathematics, University College London, London, UK; Centre for Nerve Engineering, University College London, London, UK
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2
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Zhang Y, Liu J, de Souza Araujo I, Bahammam L, Munn L, Huang G. Neovascularization by DPSC-ECs in a Tube Model for Pulp Regeneration Study. J Dent Res 2024; 103:652-661. [PMID: 38716736 PMCID: PMC11122093 DOI: 10.1177/00220345241236392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The process of neovascularization during cell-based pulp regeneration is difficult to study. Here we developed a tube model that simulates root canal space and allows direct visualization of the vascularization process in vitro. Endothelial-like cells (ECs) derived from guiding human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) into expressing endothelial cell markers CD144, vWF, VEGFR1, and VEGFR2 were used. Human microvascular endothelial cells (hMVECs) were used as a positive control. DPSC-ECs formed tubules on Matrigel similar to hMVECs. Cells were mixed in fibrinogen/thrombin or mouse blood and seeded into wells of 96-well plates or injected into a tapered plastic tube (14 mm in length and 1 or 2 mm diameter of the apex opening) with the larger end sealed with MTA to simulate root canal space. Cells/gels in wells or tubes were incubated for various times in vitro and observed under the microscope for morphological changes. Samples were then fixed and processed for histological analysis to determine vessel formation. Vessel-like networks were observed in culture from 1 to 3 d after cell seeding. Cells/gels in 96-well plates were maintained up to 25 d. Histologically, both hMVECs and DPSC-ECs in 96-well plates or tubes showed intracellular vacuole formation. Some cells showed merged large vacuoles indicating the lumenization. Tubular structures were also observed resembling blood vessels. Cells appeared healthy throughout the tube except some samples (1 mm apical diameter) in the coronal third. Histological analysis also showed pulp-like soft tissue throughout the tube samples with vascular-like structures. hMVECs formed larger vascular lumen size than DPSC-ECs while the latter tended to have more lumen and tubular structure counts. We conclude that DPSC-ECs can form vascular structures and sustained in the 3-dimensional fibrin gel system in vitro. The tube model appears to be a proper and simple system simulating the root canal space for vascular formation and pulp regeneration studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Zhang
- Departments of Bioscience Research and Endodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - J. Liu
- Departments of Bioscience Research and Endodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - I.J. de Souza Araujo
- Departments of Bioscience Research and Endodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - L. Bahammam
- Departments of Bioscience Research and Endodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia*
| | - L.L. Munn
- Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - G.T.J. Huang
- Departments of Bioscience Research and Endodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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3
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Lin PK, Sun Z, Davis GE. Defining the Functional Influence of Endothelial Cell-Expressed Oncogenic Activating Mutations on Vascular Morphogenesis and Capillary Assembly. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2024; 194:574-598. [PMID: 37838010 PMCID: PMC10988768 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
This study sought to define key molecules and signals controlling major steps in vascular morphogenesis, and how these signals regulate pericyte recruitment and pericyte-induced basement membrane deposition. The morphogenic impact of endothelial cell (EC) expression of activating mutants of Kirsten rat sarcoma virus (kRas), mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (Mek1), phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA), Akt serine/threonine kinase 1 (Akt1), Ras homolog enriched in brain (Rheb) Janus kinase 2 (Jak2), or signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) expression versus controls was evaluated, along with EC signaling events, pharmacologic inhibitor assays, and siRNA suppression experiments. Primary stimulators of EC lumen formation included kRas, Akt1, and Mek1, whereas PIK3CA and Akt1 stimulated a specialized type of cystic lumen formation. In contrast, the key drivers of EC sprouting behavior were Jak2, Stat3, Mek1, PIK3CA, and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTor). These conclusions are further supported by pharmacologic inhibitor and siRNA suppression experiments. EC expression of active Akt1, kRas, and PIK3CA led to markedly dysregulated lumen formation coupled to strongly inhibited pericyte recruitment and basement membrane deposition. For example, activated Akt1 expression in ECs excessively stimulated lumen formation, decreased EC sprouting behavior, and showed minimal pericyte recruitment with reduced mRNA expression of platelet-derived growth factor-BB, platelet-derived growth factor-DD, and endothelin-1, critical EC-derived factors known to stimulate pericyte invasion. The study identified key signals controlling fundamental steps in capillary morphogenesis and maturation and provided mechanistic details on why EC activating mutations induced a capillary deficiency state with abnormal lumens, impaired pericyte recruitment, and basement deposition: predisposing stimuli for the development of vascular malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prisca K Lin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida School of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - Zheying Sun
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida School of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - George E Davis
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida School of Medicine, Tampa, Florida.
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4
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Stepanova D, Byrne HM, Maini PK, Alarcón T. Computational modeling of angiogenesis: The importance of cell rearrangements during vascular growth. WIREs Mech Dis 2024; 16:e1634. [PMID: 38084799 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2024]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is the process wherein endothelial cells (ECs) form sprouts that elongate from the pre-existing vasculature to create new vascular networks. In addition to its essential role in normal development, angiogenesis plays a vital role in pathologies such as cancer, diabetes and atherosclerosis. Mathematical and computational modeling has contributed to unraveling its complexity. Many existing theoretical models of angiogenic sprouting are based on the "snail-trail" hypothesis. This framework assumes that leading ECs positioned at sprout tips migrate toward low-oxygen regions while other ECs in the sprout passively follow the leaders' trails and proliferate to maintain sprout integrity. However, experimental results indicate that, contrary to the snail-trail assumption, ECs exchange positions within developing vessels, and the elongation of sprouts is primarily driven by directed migration of ECs. The functional role of cell rearrangements remains unclear. This review of the theoretical modeling of angiogenesis is the first to focus on the phenomenon of cell mixing during early sprouting. We start by describing the biological processes that occur during early angiogenesis, such as phenotype specification, cell rearrangements and cell interactions with the microenvironment. Next, we provide an overview of various theoretical approaches that have been employed to model angiogenesis, with particular emphasis on recent in silico models that account for the phenomenon of cell mixing. Finally, we discuss when cell mixing should be incorporated into theoretical models and what essential modeling components such models should include in order to investigate its functional role. This article is categorized under: Cardiovascular Diseases > Computational Models Cancer > Computational Models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Stepanova
- Laboratorio Subterráneo de Canfranc, Canfranc-Estación, Huesca, Spain
| | - Helen M Byrne
- Wolfson Centre for Mathematical Biology, Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Philip K Maini
- Wolfson Centre for Mathematical Biology, Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tomás Alarcón
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
- Centre de Recerca Matemàtica, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Matemàtiques, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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5
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Sun Z, Lin PK, Yrigoin K, Kemp SS, Davis GE. Increased Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 Activation Enhances Disruption and Regression of k-RasV12-Expressing Arteriovenous Malformation-Like Vessels. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 193:1319-1334. [PMID: 37328101 PMCID: PMC10477956 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study sought to identify potential mechanisms by which k-RasV12-expressing endothelial cell (EC) tubes demonstrate an increased propensity to regress compared with controls. Activated k-Ras mutations play a role in a variety of pathological conditions, including arteriovenous malformations, which are prone to bleed, causing serious hemorrhagic complications. ECs expressing active k-RasV12 demonstrate markedly excessive lumen formation with widened and shortened tubes accompanied by reduced pericyte recruitment and basement membrane deposition, leading to deficient capillary network assembly. The current study showed that active k-Ras-expressing ECs secreted greater amounts of MMP-1 proenzyme compared with control ECs, and readily converted it to increased active MMP-1 levels through the action of plasmin or plasma kallikrein (generated from their added zymogens). Active MMP-1 degraded three-dimensional collagen matrices, leading to more rapid and extensive regression of the active k-Ras-expressing EC tubes, in conjunction with matrix contraction, compared with control ECs. Under conditions where pericytes protect control EC tubes from plasminogen- and MMP-1-dependent tube regression, this failed to occur with k-RasV12 ECs, due to reduced pericyte interactions. In summary, k-RasV12-expressing EC vessels showed an increased propensity to regress in response to serine proteinases through accentuated levels of active MMP-1, a novel pathogenic mechanism that may underlie hemorrhagic events associated with arteriovenous malformation lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheying Sun
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida School of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - Prisca K Lin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida School of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - Ksenia Yrigoin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida School of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - Scott S Kemp
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida School of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - George E Davis
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida School of Medicine, Tampa, Florida.
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6
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Davis GE, Kemp SS. Extracellular Matrix Regulation of Vascular Morphogenesis, Maturation, and Stabilization. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2023; 13:a041156. [PMID: 35817544 PMCID: PMC10578078 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix represents a critical regulator of tissue vascularization during embryonic development and postnatal life. In this perspective, we present key information and concepts that focus on how the extracellular matrix controls capillary assembly, maturation, and stabilization, and, in addition, contributes to tissue stability and health. In particular, we present and discuss mechanistic details underlying (1) the role of the extracellular matrix in controlling different steps of vascular morphogenesis, (2) the ability of endothelial cells (ECs) and pericytes to coassemble into elongated and narrow capillary EC-lined tubes with associated pericytes and basement membrane matrices, and (3) the identification of specific growth factor combinations ("factors") and peptides as well as coordinated "factor" and extracellular matrix receptor signaling pathways that are required to form stabilized capillary networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- George E Davis
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida School of Medicine, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Scott S Kemp
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida School of Medicine, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
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7
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Corrado C, Barreca MM, Raimondo S, Diana P, Pepe G, Basilicata MG, Conigliaro A, Alessandro R. Nobiletin and xanthohumol counteract the TNFα-mediated activation of endothelial cells through the inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Cell Biol Int 2023; 47:634-647. [PMID: 36378586 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis, a process characterized by the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing ones, is a crucial step in tumor growth and dissemination. Given the ability of tumors to interfere with multiple or different molecular pathways to promote angiogenesis, there is an increasing need to therapeutically block tumor progression by targeting multiple antiangiogenic pathways. Natural polyphenols present health-protective properties, which are likely attributed to their ability to activate multiple pathways involved in inflammation, carcinogenesis, and angiogenesis. Recently, increased attention has been addressed to the ability of flavonoids, the most abundant polyphenols in the diet, to prevent cancer by suppressing angiogenesis. Here we investigate the mechanisms by which xanthohumol (the major prenylated flavonoid of the hop plant Humulus lupulus L.) and nobiletin (flavonoid from red-orange Citrus sinensis) can modulate the effects of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). The results reported in this paper show that xanthohumol and nobiletin pretreatment of HUVEC inhibits the effects induced by TNF-α on cell migration, invasion capability, and colon cancer cell adhesion on the endothelial monolayer. Moreover, the pretreatment reduces metalloproteinases and adhesion molecules' expression. Finally, our results highlight that xanthohumol and nobiletin can counteract the effects of TNF-α on angiogenesis and invasiveness, mainly through Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and NF-κB pathways. Since angiogenesis plays an important pathological role in the progression of several diseases, our findings may provide clues for developing xanthohumol and nobiletin as therapeutic agents against angiogenesis-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Corrado
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Magdalena Barreca
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Stefania Raimondo
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Patrizia Diana
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giacomo Pepe
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Campania, Italy
| | | | - Alice Conigliaro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Riccardo Alessandro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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8
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He L, Kang Q, Chan KI, Zhang Y, Zhong Z, Tan W. The immunomodulatory role of matrix metalloproteinases in colitis-associated cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1093990. [PMID: 36776395 PMCID: PMC9910179 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1093990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are an important class of enzymes in the body that function through the extracellular matrix (ECM). They are involved in diverse pathophysiological processes, such as tumor invasion and metastasis, cardiovascular diseases, arthritis, periodontal disease, osteogenesis imperfecta, and diseases of the central nervous system. MMPs participate in the occurrence and development of numerous cancers and are closely related to immunity. In the present study, we review the immunomodulatory role of MMPs in colitis-associated cancer (CAC) and discuss relevant clinical applications. We analyze more than 300 pharmacological studies retrieved from PubMed and the Web of Science, related to MMPs, cancer, colitis, CAC, and immunomodulation. Key MMPs that interfere with pathological processes in CAC such as MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-7, MMP-9, MMP-10, MMP-12, and MMP-13, as well as their corresponding mechanisms are elaborated. MMPs are involved in cell proliferation, cell differentiation, angiogenesis, ECM remodeling, and the inflammatory response in CAC. They also affect the immune system by modulating differentiation and immune activity of immune cells, recruitment of macrophages, and recruitment of neutrophils. Herein we describe the immunomodulatory role of MMPs in CAC to facilitate treatment of this special type of colon cancer, which is preceded by detectable inflammatory bowel disease in clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luying He
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qianming Kang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ka Iong Chan
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhangfeng Zhong
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China,*Correspondence: Zhangfeng Zhong, ; Wen Tan,
| | - Wen Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China,*Correspondence: Zhangfeng Zhong, ; Wen Tan,
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9
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Deng P, Zhao M, Zhang X, Qin J. A Transwell-Based Vascularized Model to Investigate the Effect of Interstitial Flow on Vasculogenesis. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:668. [PMID: 36354579 PMCID: PMC9687519 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9110668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 09/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Interstitial flow plays a significant role in vascular system development, mainly including angiogenesis and vasculogenesis. However, compared to angiogenesis, the effect of interstitial flow on vasculogenesis is less explored. Current in vitro models for investigating the effect of interstitial flow on vasculogenesis heavily rely on microfluidic chips, which require microfluidic expertise and facilities, and may not be accessible to biological labs. Here, we proposed a facile approach to building perfusable vascular networks through the self-assembly of endothelial cells in a modified transwell format and investigated the effect of interstitial flow on vasculogenesis. We found that the effect of interstitial flow on vasculogenesis was closely related to the existence of VEGF and fibroblasts in the developed model: (1) In the presence of fibroblasts, interstitial flow (within the range of 0.1-0.6 μm/s) facilitated the perfusability of the engineered vasculatures. Additional VEGF in the culture medium further worked synergically with interstitial flow to develop longer, wider, denser, and more perfusable vasculatures than static counterparts; (2) In the absence of fibroblasts, vasculatures underwent severe regression within 7 days under static conditions. However, interstitial flow greatly inhibited vessel regression and enhanced vascular perfusability and morphogenesis without the need for additional VEGF. These results revealed that the effect of interstitial flow might vary depending on the existence of VEGF and fibroblasts, and would provide some guidelines for constructing in vitro self-assembled vasculatures. The established transwell-based vascularized model provides a simple method to build perfusable vasculatures and could also be utilized for creating functional tissues in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengwei Deng
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mengqian Zhao
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jianhua Qin
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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10
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Jeong DP, Hall E, Neu E, Hanjaya-Putra D. Podoplanin is Responsible for the Distinct Blood and Lymphatic Capillaries. Cell Mol Bioeng 2022; 15:467-478. [PMID: 36444348 PMCID: PMC9700554 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-022-00730-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Controlling the formation of blood and lymphatic vasculatures is crucial for engineered tissues. Although the lymphatic vessels originate from embryonic blood vessels, the two retain functional and physiological differences even as they develop in the vicinity of each other. This suggests that there is a previously unknown molecular mechanism by which blood (BECs) and lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) recognize each other and coordinate to generate distinct capillary networks.
Methods
We utilized Matrigel and fibrin assays to determine how cord-like structures (CLS) can be controlled by altering LEC and BEC identity through podoplanin (PDPN) and folliculin (FLCN) expressions. We generated BECΔFLCN and LECΔPDPN, and observed cell migration to characterize loss lymphatic and blood characteristics due to respective knockouts.
Results
We observed that LECs and BECs form distinct CLS in Matrigel and fibrin gels despite being cultured in close proximity with each other. We confirmed that the LECs and BECs do not recognize each other through paracrine signaling, as proliferation and migration of both cells were unaffected by paracrine signals. On the other hand, we found PDPN to be the key surface protein that is responsible for LEC-BEC recognition, and LECs lacking PDPN became pseudo-BECs and vice versa. We also found that FLCN maintains BEC identity through downregulation of PDPN.
Conclusions
Overall, these observations reveal a new molecular pathway through which LECs and BECs form distinct CLS through physical contact by PDPN which in turn is regulated by FLCN, which has important implications toward designing functional engineered tissues.
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11
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Bui L, Edwards S, Hall E, Alderfer L, Round K, Owen M, Sainaghi P, Zhang S, Nallathamby PD, Haneline LS, Hanjaya-Putra D. Engineering bioactive nanoparticles to rejuvenate vascular progenitor cells. Commun Biol 2022; 5:635. [PMID: 35768543 PMCID: PMC9243106 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03578-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal exposure to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) predisposes children to future health complications including type-2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. A key mechanism by which these complications occur is through stress-induced dysfunction of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), including endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs). Although several approaches have been previously explored to restore endothelial function, their widespread adoption remains tampered by systemic side effects of adjuvant drugs and unintended immune response of gene therapies. Here, we report a strategy to rejuvenate circulating vascular progenitor cells by conjugation of drug-loaded liposomal nanoparticles directly to the surface of GDM-exposed ECFCs (GDM-ECFCs). Bioactive nanoparticles can be robustly conjugated to the surface of ECFCs without altering cell viability and key progenitor phenotypes. Moreover, controlled delivery of therapeutic drugs to GDM-ECFCs is able to normalize transgelin (TAGLN) expression and improve cell migration, which is a critical key step in establishing functional vascular networks. More importantly, sustained pseudo-autocrine stimulation with bioactive nanoparticles is able to improve in vitro and in vivo vasculogenesis of GDM-ECFCs. Collectively, these findings highlight a simple, yet promising strategy to rejuvenate GDM-ECFCs and improve their therapeutic potential. Promising results from this study warrant future investigations on the prospect of the proposed strategy to improve dysfunctional vascular progenitor cells in the context of other chronic diseases, which has broad implications for addressing various cardiovascular complications, as well as advancing tissue repair and regenerative medicine. Drug-loaded liposomal nanoparticles conjugated to endothelial colony-forming cells can improve the vasculogenic potential of vascular progenitor cells exposed to gestational diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loan Bui
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Shanique Edwards
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Eva Hall
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Laura Alderfer
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Kellen Round
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Madeline Owen
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Pietro Sainaghi
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Siyuan Zhang
- Department of Biological Science, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Prakash D Nallathamby
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Laura S Haneline
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Donny Hanjaya-Putra
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA. .,Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA. .,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA. .,Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA.
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12
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Wang Y, Keshavarz M, Barhouse P, Smith Q. Strategies for Regenerative Vascular Tissue Engineering. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2022; 7:e2200050. [PMID: 35751461 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Vascularization remains one of the key challenges in creating functional tissue-engineered constructs for therapeutic applications. This review aims to provide a developmental lens on the necessity of blood vessels in defining tissue function while exploring stem cells as a suitable source for vascular tissue engineering applications. The intersections of stem cell biology, material science, and engineering are explored as potential solutions for directing vascular assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of California Irvine CA 92697 USA
- Sue & Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center University of California Irvine CA 92697 USA
| | - Mozhgan Keshavarz
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of California Irvine CA 92697 USA
- Sue & Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center University of California Irvine CA 92697 USA
| | - Patrick Barhouse
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of California Irvine CA 92697 USA
- Sue & Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center University of California Irvine CA 92697 USA
| | - Quinton Smith
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of California Irvine CA 92697 USA
- Sue & Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center University of California Irvine CA 92697 USA
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13
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Zarubova J, Hasani-Sadrabadi MM, Ardehali R, Li S. Immunoengineering strategies to enhance vascularization and tissue regeneration. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 184:114233. [PMID: 35304171 PMCID: PMC10726003 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Immune cells have emerged as powerful regulators of regenerative as well as pathological processes. The vast majority of regenerative immunoengineering efforts have focused on macrophages; however, growing evidence suggests that other cells of both the innate and adaptive immune system are as important for successful revascularization and tissue repair. Moreover, spatiotemporal regulation of immune cells and their signaling have a significant impact on the regeneration speed and the extent of functional recovery. In this review, we summarize the contribution of different types of immune cells to the healing process and discuss ways to manipulate and control immune cells in favor of vascularization and tissue regeneration. In addition to cell delivery and cell-free therapies using extracellular vesicles, we discuss in situ strategies and engineering approaches to attract specific types of immune cells and modulate their phenotypes. This field is making advances to uncover the extraordinary potential of immune cells and their secretome in the regulation of vascularization and tissue remodeling. Understanding the principles of immunoregulation will help us design advanced immunoengineering platforms to harness their power for tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Zarubova
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 14220, Czech Republic
| | | | - Reza Ardehali
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Song Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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14
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The basement membrane controls size and integrity of the Drosophila tracheal tubes. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110734. [PMID: 35476979 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological tubes are fundamental units of most metazoan organs. Their defective morphogenesis can cause malformations and pathologies. An integral component of biological tubes is the extracellular matrix, present apically (aECM) and basally (BM). Studies using the Drosophila tracheal system established an essential function for the aECM in tubulogenesis. Here, we demonstrate that the BM also plays a critical role in this process. We find that BM components are deposited in a spatial-temporal manner in the trachea. We show that laminins, core BM components, control size and shape of tracheal tubes and their topology within the embryo. At a cellular level, laminins control cell shape changes and distribution of the cortical cytoskeleton component α-spectrin. Finally, we report that the BM and aECM act independently-yet cooperatively-to control tube elongation and together to guarantee tissue integrity. Our results unravel key roles for the BM in shaping, positioning, and maintaining biological tubes.
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15
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Injectable conductive and angiogenic hydrogels for chronic diabetic wound treatment. J Control Release 2022; 344:249-260. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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16
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Seymour AJ, Westerfield AD, Cornelius VC, Skylar-Scott MA, Heilshorn SC. Bioprinted microvasculature: progressing from structure to function. Biofabrication 2022; 14:10.1088/1758-5090/ac4fb5. [PMID: 35086069 PMCID: PMC8988885 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ac4fb5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting seeks to unlock the rapid generation of complex tissue constructs, but long-standing challenges with efficientin vitromicrovascularization must be solved before this can become a reality. Microvasculature is particularly challenging to biofabricate due to the presence of a hollow lumen, a hierarchically branched network topology, and a complex signaling milieu. All of these characteristics are required for proper microvascular-and, thus, tissue-function. While several techniques have been developed to address distinct portions of this microvascularization challenge, no single approach is capable of simultaneously recreating all three microvascular characteristics. In this review, we present a three-part framework that proposes integration of existing techniques to generate mature microvascular constructs. First, extrusion-based 3D bioprinting creates a mesoscale foundation of hollow, endothelialized channels. Second, biochemical and biophysical cues induce endothelial sprouting to create a capillary-mimetic network. Third, the construct is conditioned to enhance network maturity. Across all three of these stages, we highlight the potential for extrusion-based bioprinting to become a central technique for engineering hierarchical microvasculature. We envision that the successful biofabrication of functionally engineered microvasculature will address a critical need in tissue engineering, and propel further advances in regenerative medicine andex vivohuman tissue modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis J. Seymour
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Shriram Center Room 119, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ashley D. Westerfield
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Shriram Center Room 119, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Vincent C. Cornelius
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Shriram Center Room 119, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mark A. Skylar-Scott
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Shriram Center Room 119, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sarah C. Heilshorn
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, 476 Lomita Mall, McCullough Room 246, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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17
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The Evolution of Biomineralization through the Co-Option of Organic Scaffold Forming Networks. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040595. [PMID: 35203246 PMCID: PMC8870065 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomineralization is the process in which organisms use minerals to generate hard structures like teeth, skeletons and shells. Biomineralization is proposed to have evolved independently in different phyla through the co-option of pre-existing developmental programs. Comparing the gene regulatory networks (GRNs) that drive biomineralization in different species could illuminate the molecular evolution of biomineralization. Skeletogenesis in the sea urchin embryo was extensively studied and the underlying GRN shows high conservation within echinoderms, larval and adult skeletogenesis. The organic scaffold in which the calcite skeletal elements form in echinoderms is a tubular compartment generated by the syncytial skeletogenic cells. This is strictly different than the organic cartilaginous scaffold that vertebrates mineralize with hydroxyapatite to make their bones. Here I compare the GRNs that drive biomineralization and tubulogenesis in echinoderms and in vertebrates. The GRN that drives skeletogenesis in the sea urchin embryo shows little similarity to the GRN that drives bone formation and high resemblance to the GRN that drives vertebrates’ vascular tubulogenesis. On the other hand, vertebrates’ bone-GRNs show high similarity to the GRNs that operate in the cells that generate the cartilage-like tissues of basal chordate and invertebrates that do not produce mineralized tissue. These comparisons suggest that biomineralization in deuterostomes evolved through the phylum specific co-option of GRNs that control distinct organic scaffolds to mineralization.
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18
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Sun Z, Kemp SS, Lin PK, Aguera KN, Davis GE. Endothelial k-RasV12 Expression Induces Capillary Deficiency Attributable to Marked Tube Network Expansion Coupled to Reduced Pericytes and Basement Membranes. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2022; 42:205-222. [PMID: 34879709 PMCID: PMC8792373 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.316798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We sought to determine how endothelial cell (EC) expression of the activating k-Ras (kirsten rat sarcoma 2 viral oncogene homolog) mutation, k-RasV12, affects their ability to form lumens and tubes and interact with pericytes during capillary assembly Approach and Results: Using defined bioassays where human ECs undergo observable tubulogenesis, sprouting behavior, pericyte recruitment to EC-lined tubes, and pericyte-induced EC basement membrane deposition, we assessed the impact of EC k-RasV12 expression on these critical processes that are necessary for proper capillary network formation. This mutation, which is frequently seen in human ECs within brain arteriovenous malformations, was found to markedly accentuate EC lumen formation mechanisms, with strongly accelerated intracellular vacuole formation, vacuole fusion, and lumen expansion and with reduced sprouting behavior, leading to excessively widened tube networks compared with control ECs. These abnormal tubes demonstrate strong reductions in pericyte recruitment and pericyte-induced EC basement membranes compared with controls, with deficiencies in fibronectin, collagen type IV, and perlecan deposition. Analyses of signaling during tube formation from these k-RasV12 ECs reveals strong enhancement of Src (Src proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase), Pak2 (P21 [RAC1 (Rac family small GTPase 1)] activated kinase 2), b-Raf (v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1), Erk (extracellular signal-related kinase), and Akt (AK strain transforming) activation and increased expression of PKCε (protein kinase C epsilon), MT1-MMP (membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase), acetylated tubulin and CDCP1 (CUB domain-containing protein 1; most are known EC lumen regulators). Pharmacological blockade of MT1-MMP, Src, Pak, Raf, Mek (mitogen-activated protein kinase) kinases, Cdc42 (cell division cycle 42)/Rac1, and Notch markedly interferes with lumen and tube formation from these ECs. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this novel work demonstrates that EC expression of k-RasV12 disrupts capillary assembly due to markedly excessive lumen formation coupled with strongly reduced pericyte recruitment and basement membrane deposition, which are critical pathogenic features predisposing the vasculature to develop arteriovenous malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheying Sun
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida School of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Scott S. Kemp
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida School of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Prisca K. Lin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida School of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Kalia N. Aguera
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida School of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - George E. Davis
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida School of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612
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19
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Kemp SS, Lin PK, Sun Z, Castaño MA, Yrigoin K, Penn MR, Davis GE. Molecular basis for pericyte-induced capillary tube network assembly and maturation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:943533. [PMID: 36072343 PMCID: PMC9441561 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.943533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we address the functional importance and role of pericytes in capillary tube network assembly, an essential process that is required for vascularized tissue development, maintenance, and health. Healthy capillaries may be directly capable of suppressing human disease. Considerable advances have occurred in our understanding of the molecular and signaling requirements controlling EC lumen and tube formation in 3D extracellular matrices. A combination of SCF, IL-3, SDF-1α, FGF-2 and insulin ("Factors") in conjunction with integrin- and MT1-MMP-induced signaling are required for EC sprouting behavior and tube formation under serum-free defined conditions. Pericyte recruitment to the abluminal EC tube surface results in elongated and narrow tube diameters and deposition of the vascular basement membrane. In contrast, EC tubes in the absence of pericytes continue to widen and shorten over time and fail to deposit basement membranes. Pericyte invasion, recruitment and proliferation in 3D matrices requires the presence of ECs. A detailed analysis identified that EC-derived PDGF-BB, PDGF-DD, ET-1, HB-EGF, and TGFβ1 are necessary for pericyte recruitment, proliferation, and basement membrane deposition. Blockade of these individual factors causes significant pericyte inhibition, but combined blockade profoundly interferes with these events, resulting in markedly widened EC tubes without basement membranes, like when pericytes are absent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott S Kemp
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida School of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Prisca K Lin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida School of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Zheying Sun
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida School of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Maria A Castaño
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida School of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Ksenia Yrigoin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida School of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Marlena R Penn
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida School of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - George E Davis
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida School of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States
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20
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Khanna A, Zamani M, Huang NF. Extracellular Matrix-Based Biomaterials for Cardiovascular Tissue Engineering. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2021; 8:137. [PMID: 34821690 PMCID: PMC8622600 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd8110137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine and tissue engineering strategies have made remarkable progress in remodeling, replacing, and regenerating damaged cardiovascular tissues. The design of three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds with appropriate biochemical and mechanical characteristics is critical for engineering tissue-engineered replacements. The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a dynamic scaffolding structure characterized by tissue-specific biochemical, biophysical, and mechanical properties that modulates cellular behavior and activates highly regulated signaling pathways. In light of technological advancements, biomaterial-based scaffolds have been developed that better mimic physiological ECM properties, provide signaling cues that modulate cellular behavior, and form functional tissues and organs. In this review, we summarize the in vitro, pre-clinical, and clinical research models that have been employed in the design of ECM-based biomaterials for cardiovascular regenerative medicine. We highlight the research advancements in the incorporation of ECM components into biomaterial-based scaffolds, the engineering of increasingly complex structures using biofabrication and spatial patterning techniques, the regulation of ECMs on vascular differentiation and function, and the translation of ECM-based scaffolds for vascular graft applications. Finally, we discuss the challenges, future perspectives, and directions in the design of next-generation ECM-based biomaterials for cardiovascular tissue engineering and clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maedeh Zamani
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ngan F. Huang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
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21
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Morbidelli L, Genah S, Cialdai F. Effect of Microgravity on Endothelial Cell Function, Angiogenesis, and Vessel Remodeling During Wound Healing. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:720091. [PMID: 34631676 PMCID: PMC8493071 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.720091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is a complex phenomenon that involves different cell types with various functions, i.e., keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells, all influenced by the action of soluble mediators and rearrangement of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Physiological angiogenesis occurs in the granulation tissue during wound healing to allow oxygen and nutrient supply and waste product removal. Angiogenesis output comes from a balance between pro- and antiangiogenic factors, which is finely regulated in a spatial and time-dependent manner, in order to avoid insufficient or excessive nonreparative neovascularization. The understanding of the factors and mechanisms that control angiogenesis and their change following unloading conditions (in a real or simulated space environment) will allow to optimize the tissue response in case of traumatic injury or medical intervention. The potential countermeasures under development to optimize the reparative angiogenesis that contributes to tissue healing on Earth will be discussed in relation to their exploitability in space.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shirley Genah
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Francesca Cialdai
- ASA Campus Joint Laboratory, ASA Research Division & Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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22
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Lin PK, Salvador J, Xie J, Aguera KN, Koller GM, Kemp SS, Griffin CT, Davis GE. Selective and Marked Blockade of Endothelial Sprouting Behavior Using Paclitaxel and Related Pharmacologic Agents. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2021; 191:2245-2264. [PMID: 34563512 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Whether alterations in the microtubule cytoskeleton affect the ability of endothelial cells (ECs) to sprout and form branching networks of tubes was investigated in this study. Bioassays of human EC tubulogenesis, where both sprouting behavior and lumen formation can be rigorously evaluated, were used to demonstrate that addition of the microtubule-stabilizing drugs, paclitaxel, docetaxel, ixabepilone, and epothilone B, completely interferes with EC tip cells and sprouting behavior, while allowing for EC lumen formation. In bioassays mimicking vasculogenesis using single or aggregated ECs, these drugs induce ring-like lumens from single cells or cyst-like spherical lumens from multicellular aggregates with no evidence of EC sprouting behavior. Remarkably, treatment of these cultures with a low dose of the microtubule-destabilizing drug, vinblastine, led to an identical result, with complete blockade of EC sprouting, but allowing for EC lumen formation. Administration of paclitaxel in vivo markedly interfered with angiogenic sprouting behavior in developing mouse retina, providing corroboration. These findings reveal novel biological activities for pharmacologic agents that are widely utilized in multidrug chemotherapeutic regimens for the treatment of human malignant cancers. Overall, this work demonstrates that manipulation of microtubule stability selectively interferes with the ability of ECs to sprout, a necessary step to initiate and form branched capillary tube networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prisca K Lin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida School of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - Jocelynda Salvador
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida School of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - Jun Xie
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Kalia N Aguera
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida School of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - Gretchen M Koller
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida School of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - Scott S Kemp
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida School of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - Courtney T Griffin
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - George E Davis
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida School of Medicine, Tampa, Florida.
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23
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Goonoo N, Gimié F, Ait-Arsa I, Cordonin C, Andries J, Jhurry D, Bhaw-Luximon A. Piezoelectric core-shell PHBV/PDX blend scaffolds for reduced superficial wound contraction and scarless tissue regeneration. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:5259-5274. [PMID: 34164641 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00379h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The use of non-invasive scaffold materials which can mimic the innate piezoelectric properties of biological tissues is a promising strategy to promote native tissue regeneration. Piezoelectric and cell instructive electrospun core-shell PDX/PHBV mats have been engineered to promote native tissue and skin regeneration. In depth physicochemical characterisation, in vitro and in vivo studies of a rat model showed that the 20/80 PDX/PHBV composition possessed the right balance of physicochemical and piezoelectric properties leading to enhanced fibroblast stimulation, proliferation and migration, reduced fibroblast-mediated contraction and macrophage-induced inflammation, improved keratinocyte proliferation, proper balance between endothelial cell phenotypes, decreased in vivo fibrosis and accelerated in vivo scarless wound regeneration. Overall, this study highlights the importance of exploiting cell-material interactions to match tissue biological needs to sustain the wound healing cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nowsheen Goonoo
- Biomaterials, Drug Delivery and Nanotechnology Unit, Centre for Biomedical and Biomaterials Research, MSIRI Building, University of Mauritius, 80837 Réduit, Mauritius.
| | - Fanny Gimié
- Animalerie, Plateforme de recherche CYROI, 2 rue Maxime Rivière, 97490 Sainte Clotilde, Ile de La Réunion, France
| | - Imade Ait-Arsa
- Animalerie, Plateforme de recherche CYROI, 2 rue Maxime Rivière, 97490 Sainte Clotilde, Ile de La Réunion, France
| | - Colette Cordonin
- Animalerie, Plateforme de recherche CYROI, 2 rue Maxime Rivière, 97490 Sainte Clotilde, Ile de La Réunion, France
| | - Jessica Andries
- RIPA, Plateforme de recherche CYROI, 2 rue Maxime Rivière, 97490 Sainte Clotilde, Ile de La Réunion, France
| | - Dhanjay Jhurry
- Biomaterials, Drug Delivery and Nanotechnology Unit, Centre for Biomedical and Biomaterials Research, MSIRI Building, University of Mauritius, 80837 Réduit, Mauritius.
| | - Archana Bhaw-Luximon
- Biomaterials, Drug Delivery and Nanotechnology Unit, Centre for Biomedical and Biomaterials Research, MSIRI Building, University of Mauritius, 80837 Réduit, Mauritius.
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24
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Alderfer L, Russo E, Archilla A, Coe B, Hanjaya-Putra D. Matrix stiffness primes lymphatic tube formation directed by vascular endothelial growth factor-C. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21498. [PMID: 33774872 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002426rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunction of the lymphatic system is associated with a wide range of disease phenotypes. The restoration of dysfunctional lymphatic vessels has been hypothesized as an innovative method to rescue healthy phenotypes in diseased states including neurological conditions, metabolic syndromes, and cardiovascular disease. Compared to the vascular system, little is known about the molecular regulation that controls lymphatic tube morphogenesis. Using synthetic hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels as a chemically and mechanically tunable system to preserve lymphatic endothelial cell (LECs) phenotypes, we demonstrate that low matrix elasticity primes lymphatic cord-like structure (CLS) formation directed by a high concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C). Decreasing the substrate stiffness results in the upregulation of key lymphatic markers, including PROX-1, lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor 1 (LYVE-1), and VEGFR-3. Consequently, higher levels of VEGFR-3 enable stimulation of LECs with VEGF-C which is required to both activate matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and facilitate LEC migration. Both of these steps are critical in establishing CLS formation in vitro. With decreases in substrate elasticity, we observe increased MMP expression and increased cellular elongation, as well as formation of intracellular vacuoles, which can further merge into coalescent vacuoles. RNAi studies demonstrate that MMP-14 is required to enable CLS formation and that LECs sense matrix stiffness through YAP/TAZ mechanosensors leading to the activation of their downstream target genes. Collectively, we show that by tuning both the matrix stiffness and VEGF-C concentration, the signaling pathways of CLS formation can be regulated in a synthetic matrix, resulting in lymphatic networks which will be useful for the study of lymphatic biology and future approaches in tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Alderfer
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Elizabeth Russo
- Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Adriana Archilla
- Notre Dame Nanoscience and Technology (NDnano), University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Brian Coe
- Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Donny Hanjaya-Putra
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.,Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.,Notre Dame Nanoscience and Technology (NDnano), University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.,Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
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25
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Moracho N, Learte AIR, Muñoz-Sáez E, Marchena MA, Cid MA, Arroyo AG, Sánchez-Camacho C. Emerging roles of MT-MMPs in embryonic development. Dev Dyn 2021; 251:240-275. [PMID: 34241926 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane-type matrix metalloproteinases (MT-MMPs) are cell membrane-tethered proteinases that belong to the family of the MMPs. Apart from their roles in degradation of the extracellular milieu, MT-MMPs are able to activate through proteolytic processing at the cell surface distinct molecules such as receptors, growth factors, cytokines, adhesion molecules, and other pericellular proteins. Although most of the information regarding these enzymes comes from cancer studies, our current knowledge about their contribution in distinct developmental processes occurring in the embryo is limited. In this review, we want to summarize the involvement of MT-MMPs in distinct processes during embryonic morphogenesis, including cell migration and proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cell polarity and branching, axon growth and navigation, synapse formation, and angiogenesis. We also considered information about MT-MMP functions from studies assessed in pathological conditions and compared these data with those relevant for embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Moracho
- Department of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana I R Learte
- Department of Dentistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emma Muñoz-Sáez
- Department of Health Science, School of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Marchena
- Department of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | - María A Cid
- Department of Dentistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia G Arroyo
- Vascular Pathophysiology Department, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC-CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Molecular Biomedicine Department, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Sánchez-Camacho
- Department of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain.,Vascular Pathophysiology Department, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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26
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Liu J, Long H, Zeuschner D, Räder AFB, Polacheck WJ, Kessler H, Sorokin L, Trappmann B. Synthetic extracellular matrices with tailored adhesiveness and degradability support lumen formation during angiogenic sprouting. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3402. [PMID: 34099677 PMCID: PMC8184799 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23644-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A major deficit in tissue engineering strategies is the lack of materials that promote angiogenesis, wherein endothelial cells from the host vasculature invade the implanted matrix to form new blood vessels. To determine the material properties that regulate angiogenesis, we have developed a microfluidic in vitro model in which chemokine-guided endothelial cell sprouting into a tunable hydrogel is followed by the formation of perfusable lumens. We show that long, perfusable tubes only develop if hydrogel adhesiveness and degradability are fine-tuned to support the initial collective invasion of endothelial cells and, at the same time, allow for matrix remodeling to permit the opening of lumens. These studies provide a better understanding of how cell-matrix interactions regulate angiogenesis and, therefore, constitute an important step towards optimal design criteria for tissue-engineered materials that require vascularization. Current tissue engineering strategies lack materials that promote angiogenesis. Here the authors develop a microfluidic in vitro model in which chemokine-guided endothelial cell sprouting into a tunable hydrogel is followed by the formation of perfusable lumens to determine the material properties that regulate angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jifeng Liu
- Bioactive Materials Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Hongyan Long
- Bioactive Materials Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Dagmar Zeuschner
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas F B Räder
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - William J Polacheck
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Horst Kessler
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Lydia Sorokin
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry and Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre (CiMIC), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Britta Trappmann
- Bioactive Materials Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany.
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27
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A Xenograft Model for Venous Malformation. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2206:179-192. [PMID: 32754818 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0916-3_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Xenograft models allow for an in vivo approach to monitor cellular functions within the context of a host microenvironment. Here we describe a protocol to generate a xenograft model of venous malformation (VM) based on the use of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) expressing a constitutive active form of the endothelial tyrosine kinase receptor TEK (TIE2 p.L914F) or patient-derived EC containing TIE2 and/or PIK3CA gene mutations. Hyperactive somatic TIE2 and PIK3CA mutations are a common hallmark of VM in patient lesions. The EC are injected subcutaneously on the back of athymic nude mice to generate ectatic vascular channels and recapitulate histopathological features of VM patient tissue histology. Lesion plugs with TIE2/PIK3CA-mutant EC are visibly vascularized within 7-9 days of subcutaneous injection, making this a great tool to study venous malformation.
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28
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Dessalles CA, Babataheri A, Barakat AI. Pericyte mechanics and mechanobiology. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:134/6/jcs240226. [PMID: 33753399 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.240226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pericytes are mural cells of the microvasculature, recognized by their thin processes and protruding cell body. Pericytes wrap around endothelial cells and play a central role in regulating various endothelial functions, including angiogenesis and inflammation. They also serve as a vascular support and regulate blood flow by contraction. Prior reviews have examined pericyte biological functions and biochemical signaling pathways. In this Review, we focus on the role of mechanics and mechanobiology in regulating pericyte function. After an overview of the morphology and structure of pericytes, we describe their interactions with both the basement membrane and endothelial cells. We then turn our attention to biophysical considerations, and describe contractile forces generated by pericytes, mechanical forces exerted on pericytes, and pericyte responses to these forces. Finally, we discuss 2D and 3D engineered in vitro models for studying pericyte mechano-responsiveness and underscore the need for more evolved models that provide improved understanding of pericyte function and dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire A Dessalles
- LadHyX, CNRS, Ecole polytechnique, Institut polytechnique de Paris, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Avin Babataheri
- LadHyX, CNRS, Ecole polytechnique, Institut polytechnique de Paris, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Abdul I Barakat
- LadHyX, CNRS, Ecole polytechnique, Institut polytechnique de Paris, 91120, Palaiseau, France
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29
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Morgulis M, Winter MR, Shternhell L, Gildor T, Ben-Tabou de-Leon S. VEGF signaling activates the matrix metalloproteinases, MmpL7 and MmpL5 at the sites of active skeletal growth and MmpL7 regulates skeletal elongation. Dev Biol 2021; 473:80-89. [PMID: 33577829 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Organisms can uptake minerals, shape them in different forms and generate teeth, skeletons or shells that support and protect them. Mineral uptake, trafficking and nucleation are tightly regulated by the biomineralizing cells through networks of specialized proteins. Specifically, matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) digest various extracellular substrates and allow for mineralization in the vertebrates' teeth and bones, but little is known about their role in invertebrates' systems. The sea urchin embryo provides an excellent invertebrate model for genetic and molecular studies of biomineralization. MMP inhibition prevents the growth of the calcite spicules of the sea urchin larval skeleton, however, the molecular mechanisms and genes that underlie this response are not well understood. Here we study the spatial expression and regulation of two membrane type MMPs that were found to be occluded in the sea urchin spicules, Pl-MmpL7 and Pl-MmpL5, and investigate the function of Pl-MmpL7 in skeletogenesis. The inhibition of MMPs does not change the volume of the calcium vesicles in the skeletogenic cells. The expression of Pl-MmpL7 and Pl-MmpL5 is regulated by the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) signaling, from the time of skeleton initiation and on. The expression of these genes is localized to the subsets of skeletogenic cells where active spicule growth occurs throughout skeletogenesis. Downregulation of Pl-MmpL7 expression delays the growth of the skeletal rods and in some cases, strongly perturbs skeletal shape. The localized expression of Pl-MmpL7 and Pl-MmpL5 to the active growth zone and the effect of Pl-MmpL7 perturbations on skeletal growth, suggest that these genes are essential for normal spicule elongation in the sea urchin embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miri Morgulis
- Department of Marine Biology, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, 31905, Israel
| | - Mark R Winter
- Department of Marine Biology, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, 31905, Israel
| | - Ligal Shternhell
- Department of Marine Biology, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, 31905, Israel
| | - Tsvia Gildor
- Department of Marine Biology, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, 31905, Israel
| | - Smadar Ben-Tabou de-Leon
- Department of Marine Biology, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, 31905, Israel.
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30
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Stepanova D, Byrne HM, Maini PK, Alarcón T. A multiscale model of complex endothelial cell dynamics in early angiogenesis. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1008055. [PMID: 33411727 PMCID: PMC7817011 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We introduce a hybrid two-dimensional multiscale model of angiogenesis, the process by which endothelial cells (ECs) migrate from a pre-existing vascular bed in response to local environmental cues and cell-cell interactions, to create a new vascular network. Recent experimental studies have highlighted a central role of cell rearrangements in the formation of angiogenic networks. Our model accounts for this phenomenon via the heterogeneous response of ECs to their microenvironment. These cell rearrangements, in turn, dynamically remodel the local environment. The model reproduces characteristic features of angiogenic sprouting that include branching, chemotactic sensitivity, the brush border effect, and cell mixing. These properties, rather than being hardwired into the model, emerge naturally from the gene expression patterns of individual cells. After calibrating and validating our model against experimental data, we use it to predict how the structure of the vascular network changes as the baseline gene expression levels of the VEGF-Delta-Notch pathway, and the composition of the extracellular environment, vary. In order to investigate the impact of cell rearrangements on the vascular network structure, we introduce the mixing measure, a scalar metric that quantifies cell mixing as the vascular network grows. We calculate the mixing measure for the simulated vascular networks generated by ECs of different lineages (wild type cells and mutant cells with impaired expression of a specific receptor). Our results show that the time evolution of the mixing measure is directly correlated to the generic features of the vascular branching pattern, thus, supporting the hypothesis that cell rearrangements play an essential role in sprouting angiogenesis. Furthermore, we predict that lower cell rearrangement leads to an imbalance between branching and sprout elongation. Since the computation of this statistic requires only individual cell trajectories, it can be computed for networks generated in biological experiments, making it a potential biomarker for pathological angiogenesis. Angiogenesis, the process by which new blood vessels are formed by sprouting from the pre-existing vascular bed, plays a key role in both physiological and pathological processes, including tumour growth. The structure of a growing vascular network is determined by the coordinated behaviour of endothelial cells in response to various signalling cues. Recent experimental studies have highlighted the importance of cell rearrangements as a driver for sprout elongation. However, the functional role of this phenomenon remains unclear. We formulate a new multiscale model of angiogenesis which, by accounting explicitly for the complex dynamics of endothelial cells within growing angiogenic sprouts, is able to reproduce generic features of angiogenic structures (branching, chemotactic sensitivity, cell mixing, etc.) as emergent properties of its dynamics. We validate our model against experimental data and then use it to quantify the phenomenon of cell mixing in vascular networks generated by endothelial cells of different lineages. Our results show that there is a direct correlation between the time evolution of cell mixing in a growing vascular network and its branching structure, thus paving the way for understanding the functional role of cell rearrangements in angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Stepanova
- Centre de Recerca Matemàtica, Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- Departament de Matemàtiques, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Helen M. Byrne
- Wolfson Centre for Mathematical Biology, Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Philip K. Maini
- Wolfson Centre for Mathematical Biology, Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tomás Alarcón
- Centre de Recerca Matemàtica, Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- Departament de Matemàtiques, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Graduate School of Mathematics (BGSMath), Barcelona, Spain
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31
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Dhavalikar P, Robinson A, Lan Z, Jenkins D, Chwatko M, Salhadar K, Jose A, Kar R, Shoga E, Kannapiran A, Cosgriff-Hernandez E. Review of Integrin-Targeting Biomaterials in Tissue Engineering. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e2000795. [PMID: 32940020 PMCID: PMC7960574 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202000795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The ability to direct cell behavior has been central to the success of numerous therapeutics to regenerate tissue or facilitate device integration. Biomaterial scientists are challenged to understand and modulate the interactions of biomaterials with biological systems in order to achieve effective tissue repair. One key area of research investigates the use of extracellular matrix-derived ligands to target specific integrin interactions and induce cellular responses, such as increased cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. These integrin-targeting proteins and peptides have been implemented in a variety of different polymeric scaffolds and devices to enhance tissue regeneration and integration. This review first presents an overview of integrin-mediated cellular processes that have been identified in angiogenesis, wound healing, and bone regeneration. Then, research utilizing biomaterials are highlighted with integrin-targeting motifs as a means to direct these cellular processes to enhance tissue regeneration. In addition to providing improved materials for tissue repair and device integration, these innovative biomaterials provide new tools to probe the complex processes of tissue remodeling in order to enhance the rational design of biomaterial scaffolds and guide tissue regeneration strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi Dhavalikar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Andrew Robinson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Ziyang Lan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Dana Jenkins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Malgorzata Chwatko
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Karim Salhadar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Anupriya Jose
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Ronit Kar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Erik Shoga
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Aparajith Kannapiran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
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32
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Wei Z, Schnellmann R, Pruitt HC, Gerecht S. Hydrogel Network Dynamics Regulate Vascular Morphogenesis. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 27:798-812.e6. [PMID: 32931729 PMCID: PMC7655724 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Matrix dynamics influence how individual cells develop into complex multicellular tissues. Here, we develop hydrogels with identical polymer components but different crosslinking capacities to enable the investigation of mechanisms underlying vascular morphogenesis. We show that dynamic (D) hydrogels increase the contractility of human endothelial colony-forming cells (hECFCs), promote the clustering of integrin β1, and promote the recruitment of vinculin, leading to the activation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and metalloproteinase expression. This leads to the robust assembly of vasculature and the deposition of new basement membrane. We also show that non-dynamic (N) hydrogels do not promote FAK signaling and that stiff D- and N-hydrogels are constrained for vascular morphogenesis. Furthermore, D-hydrogels promote hECFC microvessel formation and angiogenesis in vivo. Our results indicate that cell contractility mediates integrin signaling via inside-out signaling and emphasizes the importance of matrix dynamics in vascular tissue formation, thus informing future studies of vascularization and tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Wei
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Physical Sciences-Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Rahel Schnellmann
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Physical Sciences-Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Hawley C Pruitt
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Physical Sciences-Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Sharon Gerecht
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Physical Sciences-Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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33
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Douglas SA, Haase K, Kamm RD, Platt MO. Cysteine cathepsins are altered by flow within an engineered in vitro microvascular niche. APL Bioeng 2020; 4:046102. [PMID: 33195960 PMCID: PMC7644274 DOI: 10.1063/5.0023342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Throughout the process of vascular growth and remodeling, the extracellular matrix (ECM) concurrently undergoes significant changes due to proteolytic activity—regulated by both endothelial and surrounding stromal cells. The role of matrix metalloproteinases has been well-studied in the context of vascular remodeling, but other proteases, such as cysteine cathepsins, could also facilitate ECM remodeling. To investigate cathepsin-mediated proteolysis in vascular ECM remodeling, and to understand the role of shear flow in this process, in vitro microvessels were cultured in previously designed microfluidic chips and assessed by immunostaining, zymography, and western blotting. Primary human vessels (HUVECs and fibroblasts) were conditioned by continuous fluid flow and/or small molecule inhibitors to probe cathepsin expression and activity. Luminal flow (in contrast to static culture) decreases the activity of cathepsins in microvessel systems, despite a total protein increase, due to a concurrent increase in the endogenous inhibitor cystatin C. Observations also demonstrate that cathepsins mostly co-localize with fibroblasts, and that fibrin (the hydrogel substrate) may stabilize cathepsin activity in the system. Inhibitor studies suggest that control over cathepsin-mediated ECM remodeling could contribute to improved maintenance of in vitro microvascular networks; however, further investigation is required. Understanding the role of cathepsin activity in in vitro microvessels and other engineered tissues will be important for future regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone A Douglas
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | | | - Roger D Kamm
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Manu O Platt
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
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34
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Iizuka O, Kawamura S, Tero A, Uemura A, Miura T. Remodeling mechanisms determine size distributions in developing retinal vasculature. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235373. [PMID: 33052908 PMCID: PMC7556457 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of retinal blood vessels has extensively been used as a model to study vascular pattern formation. To date, various quantitative measurements, such as size distribution have been performed, but the relationship between pattern formation mechanisms and these measurements remains unclear. In the present study, we first focus on the islands (small regions subdivided by the capillary network). We quantitatively measured the island size distribution in the retinal vascular network and found that it tended to exhibit an exponential distribution. We were able to recapitulate this distribution pattern in a theoretical model by implementing the stochastic disappearance of vessel segments around arteries could reproduce the observed exponential distribution of islands. Second, we observed that the diameter distribution of the retinal artery segment obeyed a power law. We theoretically showed that an equal bifurcation branch pattern and Murray’s law could reproduce this pattern. This study demonstrates the utility of examining size distribution for understanding the mechanisms of vascular pattern formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Iizuka
- School of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Atsushi Tero
- Institute of Mathematics for Industry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Uemura
- Department of Retinal Vascular Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takashi Miura
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
- * E-mail:
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35
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Yong U, Lee S, Jung S, Jang J. Interdisciplinary approaches to advanced cardiovascular tissue engineering: ECM-based biomaterials, 3D bioprinting, and its assessment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1088/2516-1091/abb211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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36
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Kemp SS, Aguera KN, Cha B, Davis GE. Defining Endothelial Cell-Derived Factors That Promote Pericyte Recruitment and Capillary Network Assembly. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:2632-2648. [PMID: 32814441 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We sought to identify and investigate the functional role of the major endothelial cell (EC)-derived factors that control pericyte recruitment to EC tubes and pericyte-induced tube maturation during capillary network formation. Approach and Results: We identify PDGF (platelet-derived growth factor)-BB, PDGF-DD, ET (endothelin)-1, TGF (transforming growth factor)-β, and HB-EGF (heparin-binding epidermal growth factor), as the key individual and combined regulators of pericyte assembly around EC tubes. Using novel pericyte only assays, we demonstrate that PDGF-BB, PDGF-DD, and ET-1 are the primary direct drivers of pericyte invasion. Their addition to pericytes induces invasion as if ECs were present. In contrast, TGF-β and HB-EGF have minimal ability to directly stimulate pericyte invasion. In contrast, TGF-β1 can act as an upstream pericyte primer to stimulate invasion in response to PDGFs and ET-1. HB-EGF stimulates pericyte proliferation along with PDGFs and ET-1. Using EC-pericyte cocultures, individual, or combined blockade of these EC-derived factors, or their pericyte receptors, using neutralizing antibodies or chemical inhibitors, respectively, interferes with pericyte recruitment and proliferation. As individual factors, PDGF-BB and ET-1 have the strongest impact on these events. However, when the blocking reagents are combined to interfere with each of the above factors or their receptors, more dramatic and profound blockade of pericyte recruitment, proliferation, and pericyte-induced basement membrane deposition occurs. Under these conditions, ECs form tubes that become much wider and less elongated as if pericytes were absent. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these new studies define and characterize a functional role for key EC-derived factors controlling pericyte recruitment, proliferation, and pericyte-induced basement membrane deposition during capillary network assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott S Kemp
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa
| | - Kalia N Aguera
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa
| | - Byeong Cha
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa
| | - George E Davis
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa
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37
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Control of endothelial tubulogenesis by Rab and Ral GTPases, and apical targeting of caveolin-1-labeled vacuoles. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235116. [PMID: 32569321 PMCID: PMC7307772 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we examine known GTPase regulators of vesicle trafficking events to assess whether they affect endothelial cell (EC) lumen and tube formation. We identify novel roles for the small GTPases Rab3A, Rab3B, Rab8A, Rab11A, Rab27A, RalA, RalB and caveolin-1 in co-regulating membrane trafficking events that control EC lumen and tube formation. siRNA suppression of individual GTPases such as Rab3A, Rab8A, and RalB markedly inhibit tubulogenesis, while greater blockade is observed with combinations of siRNAs such as Rab3A and Rab3B, Rab8A and Rab11A, and RalA and RalB. These combinations of siRNAs also disrupt very early events in lumen formation including the formation of intracellular vacuoles. In contrast, knockdown of the endocytosis regulator, Rab5A, fails to inhibit EC tube formation. Confocal microscopy and real-time videos reveal that caveolin-1 strongly labels intracellular vacuoles and localizes to the EC apical surface as they fuse to form the luminal membrane. In contrast, Cdc42 and Rab11A localize to a perinuclear, subapical region where intracellular vacuoles accumulate and fuse during lumen formation. Our new data demonstrates that EC tubulogenesis is coordinated by a series of small GTPases to control polarized membrane trafficking events to generate, deliver, and fuse caveolin-1-labeled vacuoles to create the apical membrane surface.
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38
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Schrenk S, Goines J, Boscolo E. A Patient-Derived Xenograft Model for Venous Malformation. J Vis Exp 2020. [PMID: 32597867 DOI: 10.3791/61501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Venous malformation (VM) is a vascular anomaly that arises from impaired development of the venous network resulting in dilated and often dysfunctional veins. The purpose of this article is to carefully describe the establishment of a murine xenograft model that mimics human VM and is able to reflect patient heterogeneity. Hyper-activating non-inherited (somatic) TEK (TIE2) and PIK3CA mutations in endothelial cells (EC) have been identified as the main drivers of pathological vessel enlargement in VM. The following protocol describes the isolation, purification and expansion of patient-derived EC expressing mutant TIE2 and/or PIK3CA. These EC are injected subcutaneously into the back of immunodeficient athymic mice to generate ectatic vascular channels. Lesions generated with TIE2 or PIK3CA-mutant EC are visibly vascularized within 7‒9 days of injection and recapitulate histopathological features of VM patient tissue. This VM xenograft model provides a reliable platform to investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms driving VM formation and expansion. In addition, this model will be instrumental for translational studies testing the efficacy of novel drug candidates in preventing the abnormal vessel enlargement seen in human VM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Schrenk
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
| | - Jillian Goines
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
| | - Elisa Boscolo
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine;
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Yang G, Mahadik B, Choi JY, Fisher JP. Vascularization in tissue engineering: fundamentals and state-of-art. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 2. [PMID: 34308105 DOI: 10.1088/2516-1091/ab5637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Vascularization is among the top challenges that impede the clinical application of engineered tissues. This challenge has spurred tremendous research endeavor, defined as vascular tissue engineering (VTE) in this article, to establish a pre-existing vascular network inside the tissue engineered graft prior to implantation. Ideally, the engineered vasculature can be integrated into the host vasculature via anastomosis to supply nutrient to all cells instantaneously after surgery. Moreover, sufficient vascularization is of great significance in regenerative medicine from many other perspectives. Due to the critical role of vascularization in successful tissue engineering, we aim to provide an up-to-date overview of the fundamentals and VTE strategies in this article, including angiogenic cells, biomaterial/bio-scaffold design and bio-fabrication approaches, along with the reported utility of vascularized tissue complex in regenerative medicine. We will also share our opinion on the future perspective of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yang
- Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Laboratory, Fischell Department of Bioengineering, A. James Clark School of Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States of America.,Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States of America
| | - Bhushan Mahadik
- Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Laboratory, Fischell Department of Bioengineering, A. James Clark School of Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States of America.,Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States of America
| | - Ji Young Choi
- Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Laboratory, Fischell Department of Bioengineering, A. James Clark School of Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States of America
| | - John P Fisher
- Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Laboratory, Fischell Department of Bioengineering, A. James Clark School of Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States of America.,Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States of America
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40
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Ribeiro Franco PI, Rodrigues AP, de Menezes LB, Pacheco Miguel M. Tumor microenvironment components: Allies of cancer progression. Pathol Res Pract 2019; 216:152729. [PMID: 31735322 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2019.152729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a disease that affects millions of individuals worldwide and has a great impact on public health. Therefore, the study of tumor biology and an understanding of how the components of the tumor microenvironment behave and interact is extremely important for cancer research. Factors expressed by the components of the tumor microenvironment and induce angiogenesis have important roles in the onset and progression of the tumor. These components are represented by the extracellular matrix, fibroblasts, adipocytes, immune cells, and macrophages, besides endothelial cells, which modulate tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment to favor survival and the progression of cancer. The characteristics and function of the main stromal components and their mechanisms of interaction with the tumor cells that contribute to progression, tumor invasion, and tumor spread will be addressed in this review. Furthermore, reviewing these components is expected to indicate their importance as possible prognostic markers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Igor Ribeiro Franco
- Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
| | - Arthur Perillo Rodrigues
- Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | | | - Marina Pacheco Miguel
- Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
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41
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Yuan Y, Basu S, Lin MH, Shukla S, Sarkar D. Colloidal Gels for Guiding Endothelial Cell Organization via Microstructural Morphology. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:31709-31728. [PMID: 31403768 PMCID: PMC7219539 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b11293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
One of the fundamental challenges in vascular morphogenesis is to understand how the microstructural morphology of a 3D matrix can provide the spatial cues to organize the endothelial cells (ECs) into specific vascular structures. Colloidal gels can provide well-controlled distinct morphological matrices because these gels are formed by the aggregation of particles. By altering the aggregation mode, the spatial organization of the particles can be controlled to yield different microstructural morphology. To demonstrate this, colloidal aggregates and gels were developed by electrostatic interaction-mediated aggregation of cationic polyurethane (PU) colloidal particles by using low molecular weight electrolyte and polyelectrolyte to develop microstructurally different colloidal gels without altering their bulk elasticity. Compact dense colloidal aggregates with constricted voids were developed via electrolyte-mediated aggregation, whereas stranded branched networks with interconnected voids were formed via polyelectrolyte-mediated bridging interactions. Results show that the microstructure of aggregated colloids and gels can regulate EC organizations. Within endothelial matrices, ECs track the microstructure of particulate phase to interconnect with stranded colloidal network but cluster around compact colloidal aggregate. Similarly, in colloidal gels, ECs formed capillary-like structures by interconnecting along the stranded networks with enhanced cell-matrix interactions and increased cell extension but aggregated within the constricted voids of compact dense gel with enhanced cell-cell interaction. Both morphometric analysis and expression of EC markers corroborated the cell organizations in these gels. Using these colloidal gels, we demonstrated the role of 3D microstructural morphology as an important regulator for spatial guidance of ECs and simultaneously established the significance of colloidal gels as 3D matrix to regulate cellular morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Sukanya Basu
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Meng Huisan Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Shruti Shukla
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Debanjan Sarkar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
- Correspondence to: D. Sarkar. Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, Ph: 716-645-8497, Fax: 716-645-2207,
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The Rebirth of Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors: Moving Beyond the Dogma. Cells 2019; 8:cells8090984. [PMID: 31461880 PMCID: PMC6769477 DOI: 10.3390/cells8090984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The pursuit of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitors began in earnest over three decades ago. Initial clinical trials were disappointing, resulting in a negative view of MMPs as therapeutic targets. As a better understanding of MMP biology and inhibitor pharmacokinetic properties emerged, it became clear that initial MMP inhibitor clinical trials were held prematurely. Further complicating matters were problematic conclusions drawn from animal model studies. The most recent generation of MMP inhibitors have desirable selectivities and improved pharmacokinetics, resulting in improved toxicity profiles. Application of selective MMP inhibitors led to the conclusion that MMP-2, MMP-9, MMP-13, and MT1-MMP are not involved in musculoskeletal syndrome, a common side effect observed with broad spectrum MMP inhibitors. Specific activities within a single MMP can now be inhibited. Better definition of the roles of MMPs in immunological responses and inflammation will help inform clinic trials, and multiple studies indicate that modulating MMP activity can improve immunotherapy. There is a U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved MMP inhibitor for periodontal disease, and several MMP inhibitors are in clinic trials, targeting a variety of maladies including gastric cancer, diabetic foot ulcers, and multiple sclerosis. It is clearly time to move on from the dogma of viewing MMP inhibition as intractable.
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Constitutive Active Mutant TIE2 Induces Enlarged Vascular Lumen Formation with Loss of Apico-basal Polarity and Pericyte Recruitment. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12352. [PMID: 31451744 PMCID: PMC6710257 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48854-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormalities in controlling key aspects of angiogenesis including vascular cell migration, lumen formation and vessel maturation are hallmarks of vascular anomalies including venous malformation (VM). Gain-of-function mutations in the tyrosine kinase receptor TIE2 can cause VM and induce a ligand-independent hyperactivation of TIE2. Despite these important findings, the TIE2-dependent mechanisms triggering enlarged vascular lesions are not well understood. Herein we studied TIE2 p.L914F, the most frequent mutation identified in VM patients. We report that endothelial cells harboring a TIE2-L914F mutation display abnormal cell migration due to a loss of front-rear polarity as demonstrated by a non-polarized Golgi apparatus. Utilizing a three-dimensional fibrin-matrix based model we show that TIE2-L914F mutant cells form enlarged lumens mimicking vascular lesions present in VM patients, independently of exogenous growth factors. Moreover, these abnormal vascular channels demonstrate a dysregulated expression pattern of apico-basal polarity markers Podocalyxin and Collagen IV. Furthermore, in this system we recapitulated another pathological feature of VM, the paucity of pericytes around ectatic veins. The presented data emphasize the value of this in vitro model as a powerful tool for the discovery of cellular and molecular signals contributing to abnormal vascular development and subsequent identification of novel therapeutic approaches.
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Riddiough GE, Fifis T, Muralidharan V, Perini MV, Christophi C. Searching for the link; mechanisms underlying liver regeneration and recurrence of colorectal liver metastasis post partial hepatectomy. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 34:1276-1286. [PMID: 30828863 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.14644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite excellent treatment of primary colorectal cancer, the majority of deaths occur as a result of metastasis to the liver. Recent population studies have estimated that one quarter of patients with colorectal cancer will incur synchronous or metachronous colorectal liver metastasis. However, only one quarter of these patients will be eligible for potentially curative resection. Tumor recurrence occurs in reportedly 60% of patients undergoing hepatic resection, and the majority of intrahepatic recurrence occurs within the first 6 months of surgery. The livers innate ability to restore its homeostatic size, and volume facilitates major hepatic resection that currently offers the only chance of cure to patients with extensive hepatic metastases. Experimental and clinical evidence supports the notion that following partial hepatectomy, liver regeneration (LR) paradoxically drives tumor progression and increases the risk of recurrence. It is becoming increasingly clear that the processes that drive liver organogenesis, regeneration, and tumor progression are inextricably linked. This presents a major hurdle in the management of colorectal liver metastasis and other hepatic malignancies because therapies that reduce the risk of recurrence without hampering LR are sought. The processes and pathways underlying these phenomena are multiple, complex, and cross-communicate. In this review, we will summarize the common mechanisms contributing to both LR and tumor recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina E Riddiough
- Department of Surgery, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Theodora Fifis
- Department of Surgery, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Marcos V Perini
- Department of Surgery, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher Christophi
- Department of Surgery, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
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45
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Fields GB. Mechanisms of Action of Novel Drugs Targeting Angiogenesis-Promoting Matrix Metalloproteinases. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1278. [PMID: 31214203 PMCID: PMC6558196 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is facilitated by the proteolytic activities of members of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family. More specifically, MMP-9 and MT1-MMP directly regulate angiogenesis, while several studies indicate a role for MMP-2 as well. The correlation of MMP activity to tumor angiogenesis has instigated numerous drug development programs. However, broad-based and Zn2+-chelating MMP inhibitors have fared poorly in the clinic. Selective MMP inhibition by antibodies, biologicals, and small molecules has utilized unique modes of action, such as (a) binding to protease secondary binding sites (exosites), (b) allosterically blocking the protease active site, or (c) preventing proMMP activation. Clinical trials have been undertaken with several of these inhibitors, while others are in advanced pre-clinical stages. The mechanistically non-traditional MMP inhibitors offer treatment strategies for tumor angiogenesis that avoid the off-target toxicities and lack of specificity that plagued Zn2+-chelating inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregg B Fields
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, United States.,Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute/Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL, United States
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46
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The Expanding Role of MT1-MMP in Cancer Progression. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:ph12020077. [PMID: 31137480 PMCID: PMC6630478 DOI: 10.3390/ph12020077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
For over 20 years, membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) has been recognized as a key component in cancer progression. Initially, the primary roles assigned to MT1-MMP were the activation of proMMP-2 and degradation of fibrillar collagen. Proteomics has revealed a great array of MT1-MMP substrates, and MT1-MMP selective inhibitors have allowed for a more complete mapping of MT1-MMP biological functions. MT1-MMP has extensive sheddase activities, is both a positive and negative regulator of angiogenesis, can act intracellularly and as a transcription factor, and modulates immune responses. We presently examine the multi-faceted role of MT1-MMP in cancer, with a consideration of how the diversity of MT1-MMP behaviors impacts the application of MT1-MMP inhibitors.
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Bioengineering an Artificial Human Blood⁻Brain Barrier in Rodents. Bioengineering (Basel) 2019; 6:bioengineering6020038. [PMID: 31052208 PMCID: PMC6630638 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering6020038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Our group has recently created a novel in-vivo human brain organoid vascularized with human iPSC-derived endothelial cells. In this review article, we discuss the challenges of creating a perfused human brain organoid model in an immunosuppressed rodent host and discuss potential applications for neurosurgical disease modeling.
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48
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Kang PL, Huang HH, Chen T, Ju KC, Kuo SM. Angiogenesis-promoting effect of LIPUS on hADSCs and HUVECs cultured on collagen/hyaluronan scaffolds. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 102:22-33. [PMID: 31146993 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis refers to blood vessel formation through endothelial cell migration and proliferation. Angiogenesis is crucial and beneficial for wound healing and tissue regeneration. In the current study, we prepared porous collagen and collagen/hyaluronan (Col/HA) scaffolds composed of collagen (7 mg/mL) and hyaluronan (HA) (0.5 w%, 1 w%, and 1.5 w%) as culture vehicles for coculture of human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). These scaffolds were combined with low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) to investigate and evaluate angiogenesis in the coculture cell/scaffold constructs in vitro and in vivo. Scaffold porosity decreased (from 74.4% to 60.7%) and readily degraded after addition of various ratios of HA. The porous scaffolds all had high water content (~98%) and similar mechanical properties. The hADSCs alone and hADSCs cocultured with HUVECs exhibited stable proliferative profiles on the Col/HA scaffolds; furthermore, LIPUS significantly enhanced cell growth on the collagen and Col/0.5HA scaffolds by approximately 1.85- and 1.5-fold, respectively, compared with the cells that did not receive LIPUS treatment. In vivo immunohistochemistry results indicated stronger immunofluorescent CD31 presence and vascular endothelial cadherin messenger RNA expression in the hADSCs/HUVECs coculture/scaffold implantation in rats that received LIPUS treatment compared with those that received no such treatment. Our results demonstrated that the hADSCs/HUVECs cocultured on fabricated collagen and Col/HA scaffolds combined with LIPUS treatment had angiogenesis-promoting capability and therapeutic potential when angiogenesis is demanded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Leun Kang
- Cardiac Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Han Hsiang Huang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City, Taiwan
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Kuen Cheng Ju
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Shyh Ming Kuo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
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49
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Qian Z, Sharma D, Jia W, Radke D, Kamp T, Zhao F. Engineering stem cell cardiac patch with microvascular features representative of native myocardium. Theranostics 2019; 9:2143-2157. [PMID: 31149034 PMCID: PMC6531308 DOI: 10.7150/thno.29552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The natural myocardium is a highly aligned tissue with an oriented vasculature. Its characteristic cellular as well as nanoscale extracellular matrix (ECM) organization along with an oriented vascular network ensures appropriate blood supply and functional performance. Although significant efforts have been made to develop anisotropic cardiac structure, currently neither an ideal biomaterial nor an effective vascularization strategy to engineer oriented and high-density capillary-like microvessels has been achieved for clinical cardiovascular therapies. A naturally derived oriented ECM nanofibrous scaffold mimics the physiological structure and components of tissue ECM and guides neovascular network formation. The objective of this study was to create an oriented and dense microvessel network with physiological myocardial microvascular features. METHODS Highly aligned decellularized human dermal fibroblast sheets were used as ECM scaffold to regulate physiological alignment of microvascular networks by co-culturing human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and endothelial cells (ECs). The influence of topographical features on hMSC and EC interaction was investigated to understand underlying mechanisms of neovasculature formation. RESULTS Results demonstrate that the ECM topography can be translated to ECs via CD166 tracks and significantly improved hMSC-EC crosstalk and vascular network formation. The aligned ECM nanofibers enhanced structure, length, and density of microvascular networks compared to randomly organized nanofibrous ECM. Moreover, hMSC-EC co-culture promoted secretion of pro-angiogenic growth factors and matrix remodeling via metalloprotease-2 (MMP-2) activation, which resulted in highly dense vascular network formation with intercapillary distance (20 μm) similar to the native myocardium. CONCLUSION HMSC-EC co-culture on the highly aligned ECM generates physiologically oriented and dense microvascular network, which holds great potential for cardiac tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichen Qian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Dhavan Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Wenkai Jia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Daniel Radke
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Timothy Kamp
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Feng Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
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50
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Blatchley MR, Hall F, Wang S, Pruitt HC, Gerecht S. Hypoxia and matrix viscoelasticity sequentially regulate endothelial progenitor cluster-based vasculogenesis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaau7518. [PMID: 30906859 PMCID: PMC6426463 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau7518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Vascular morphogenesis is the formation of endothelial lumenized networks. Cluster-based vasculogenesis of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) has been observed in animal models, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. Here, using O2-controllabe hydrogels, we unveil the mechanism by which hypoxia, co-jointly with matrix viscoelasticity, induces EPC vasculogenesis. When EPCs are subjected to a 3D hypoxic gradient ranging from <2 to 5%, they rapidly produce reactive oxygen species that up-regulate proteases, most notably MMP-1, which degrade the surrounding extracellular matrix. EPC clusters form and expand as the matrix degrades. Cell-cell interactions, including those mediated by VE-cadherin, integrin-β2, and ICAM-1, stabilize the clusters. Subsequently, EPC sprouting into the stiffer, intact matrix leads to vascular network formation. In vivo examination further corroborated hypoxia-driven clustering of EPCs. Overall, this is the first description of how hypoxia mediates cluster-based vasculogenesis, advancing our understanding toward regulating vascular development as well as postnatal vasculogenesis in regeneration and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Blatchley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology and Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences-Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Franklyn Hall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology and Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences-Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Songnan Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology and Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences-Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Hawley C. Pruitt
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology and Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences-Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Sharon Gerecht
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology and Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences-Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Corresponding author.
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