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Wang X, Ding J, Chen X, Wang S, Chen Z, Chen Y, Zhang G, Liu J, Shi T, Song J, Sheng S, Wang G, Xu J, Su J, Zhang W, Lian X. Light-activated nanoclusters with tunable ROS for wound infection treatment. Bioact Mater 2024; 41:385-399. [PMID: 39184828 PMCID: PMC11342113 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Infected wounds pose a significant clinical challenge due to bacterial resistance, recurrent infections, and impaired healing. Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-based strategies have shown promise in eradicating bacterial infections. However, the excess ROS in the infection site after treatments may cause irreversible damage to healthy tissues. To address this issue, we developed bovine serum albumin-iridium oxide nanoclusters (BSA-IrOx NCs) which enable photo-regulated ROS generation and scavenging using near infrared (NIR) laser. Upon NIR laser irradiation, BSA-IrOx NCs exhibit enhanced photodynamic therapy, destroying biofilms and killing bacteria. When the NIR laser is off, the nanoclusters' antioxidant enzyme-like activities prevent inflammation and repair damaged tissue through ROS clearance. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses revealed that BSA-IrOx NCs inhibit bacterial nitric oxide synthase, blocking bacterial growth and biofilm formation. Furthermore, the nanoclusters repair impaired skin by strengthening cell junctions and reducing mitochondrial damage in a fibroblast model. In vivo studies using rat infected wound models confirmed the efficacy of BSA-IrOx NCs. This study presents a promising strategy for treating biofilm-induced infected wounds by regulating the ROS microenvironment, addressing the challenges associated with current ROS-based antibacterial approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Jianing Ding
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Sicheng Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma, Shanghai Zhongye Hospital, Shanghai, 200941, China
| | - Zhiheng Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Guowang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Ji Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Tingwang Shi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Jian Song
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Shihao Sheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Guangchao Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jianguang Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Jiacan Su
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Xiaofeng Lian
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
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Allaeys I, Lemaire G, Leclercq M, Lacasse E, Fleury M, Dubuc I, Gudimard L, Puhm F, Tilburg J, Stone A, Machlus KR, Droit A, Flamand L, Boilard E. SARS-CoV-2 infection modifies the transcriptome of the megakaryocytes in the bone marrow. Blood Adv 2024; 8:2777-2789. [PMID: 38522092 PMCID: PMC11176959 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023012367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Megakaryocytes (MKs), integral to platelet production, predominantly reside in the bone marrow (BM) and undergo regulated fragmentation within sinusoid vessels to release platelets into the bloodstream. Inflammatory states and infections influence MK transcription, potentially affecting platelet functionality. Notably, COVID-19 has been associated with altered platelet transcriptomes. In this study, we investigated the hypothesis that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection could affect the transcriptome of BM MKs. Using spatial transcriptomics to discriminate subpopulations of MKs based on proximity to BM sinusoids, we identified ∼19 000 genes in MKs. Machine learning techniques revealed that the transcriptome of healthy murine BM MKs exhibited minimal differences based on proximity to sinusoid vessels. Furthermore, at peak SARS-CoV-2 viremia, when the disease primarily affected the lungs, MKs were not significantly different from those from healthy mice. Conversely, a significant divergence in the MK transcriptome was observed during systemic inflammation, although SARS-CoV-2 RNA was never detected in the BM, and it was no longer detectable in the lungs. Under these conditions, the MK transcriptional landscape was enriched in pathways associated with histone modifications, MK differentiation, NETosis, and autoimmunity, which could not be explained by cell proximity to sinusoid vessels. Notably, the type I interferon signature and calprotectin (S100A8/A9) were not induced in MKs under any condition. However, inflammatory cytokines induced in the blood and lungs of COVID-19 mice were different from those found in the BM, suggesting a discriminating impact of inflammation on this specific subset of cells. Collectively, our data indicate that a new population of BM MKs may emerge through COVID-19-related pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Allaeys
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche ARThrite - Arthrite, Recherche, Traitements, Faculté de Médecine de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Guillaume Lemaire
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche ARThrite - Arthrite, Recherche, Traitements, Faculté de Médecine de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Mickaël Leclercq
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Emile Lacasse
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche ARThrite - Arthrite, Recherche, Traitements, Faculté de Médecine de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Maude Fleury
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche ARThrite - Arthrite, Recherche, Traitements, Faculté de Médecine de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Isabelle Dubuc
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche ARThrite - Arthrite, Recherche, Traitements, Faculté de Médecine de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Leslie Gudimard
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche ARThrite - Arthrite, Recherche, Traitements, Faculté de Médecine de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Florian Puhm
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche ARThrite - Arthrite, Recherche, Traitements, Faculté de Médecine de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Julia Tilburg
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children’s Hospital and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Andrew Stone
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children’s Hospital and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Kellie R. Machlus
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children’s Hospital and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Arnaud Droit
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Louis Flamand
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche ARThrite - Arthrite, Recherche, Traitements, Faculté de Médecine de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Eric Boilard
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche ARThrite - Arthrite, Recherche, Traitements, Faculté de Médecine de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
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Li JJ, Liu J, Li YE, Chen LV, Cheng H, Li Y, Cheng T, Wang QF, Zhou BO. Differentiation route determines the functional outputs of adult megakaryopoiesis. Immunity 2024; 57:478-494.e6. [PMID: 38447571 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Emerging evidence has revealed a direct differentiation route from hematopoietic stem cells to megakaryocytes (direct route), in addition to the classical differentiation route through a series of restricted hematopoietic progenitors (stepwise route). This raises the question of the importance of two alternative routes for megakaryopoiesis. Here, we developed fate-mapping systems to distinguish the two routes, comparing their quantitative and functional outputs. We found that megakaryocytes were produced through the two routes with comparable kinetics and quantity under homeostasis. Single-cell RNA sequencing of the fate-mapped megakaryocytes revealed that the direct and stepwise routes contributed to the niche-supporting and immune megakaryocytes, respectively, but contributed to the platelet-producing megakaryocytes together. Megakaryocytes derived from the two routes displayed different activities and were differentially regulated by chemotherapy and inflammation. Our work links differentiation route to the heterogeneity of megakaryocytes. Alternative differentiation routes result in variable combinations of functionally distinct megakaryocyte subpopulations poised for different physiological demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Jingkun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yunqian Evelyn Li
- Key Laboratory of Multi-Cell Systems, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lin Veronica Chen
- Key Laboratory of Multi-Cell Systems, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hui Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China.
| | - Yueying Li
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Tao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China.
| | - Qian-Fei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Bo O Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China; Key Laboratory of Multi-Cell Systems, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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4
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Guo K, Machlus KR, Camacho V. The many faces of the megakaryocytes and their biological implications. Curr Opin Hematol 2024; 31:1-5. [PMID: 37910197 PMCID: PMC10842450 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Single-cell RNA sequencing studies have revealed transcriptional heterogeneity within the megakaryocytic lineage and the identified unique subsets. In this review, we discuss the functional and phenotypic plasticity of these subpopulations as well as the impacts on health and disease. RECENT FINDINGS Megakaryocytes (MKs) can be transcriptionally categorized into platelet generating, niche supporting, immune, and cycling cells, which are distinguished by their unique gene expression patterns and cellular markers. Additionally, a significant population of these cells has been established to reside in the nonhematopoietic tissues and they display enhanced immune-related characteristics. Combined with the location in which the megakaryocytes exist, these cells can play unique roles dictated by their current environment and biological needs, including responding to changes in pathogen exposure. SUMMARY Advances in megakaryocyte research has elucidated the existence of multiple subpopulations of MKs that serve different functions. These subpopulations implicate a greater potential for MKs to be regulators of health and suggest new avenues for treatments and therapies in related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Guo
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kellie R. Machlus
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Virginia Camacho
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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5
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Malleswarapu M, Kovuru N, Khan N, Mishra A, Gutti RK. Significance of TLR2 signaling during megakaryocyte development: regulatory cross-talk of miR-125b, cytokine induction, and MAPK pathway during dengue infection. Am J Transl Res 2023; 15:5972-5983. [PMID: 37969204 PMCID: PMC10641356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dengue is a viral infection endemic in more than 100 countries as per the WHO reports with approximately 5.2 million patients worldwide that spreads from mosquitoes to humans. Severe form of dengue fever can cause serious bleeding (low platelets) and death. Megakaryocytes are the immune cells responsible for the production of platelets. The molecular drivers behind platelet defects are mostly ambiguous. Here, we attempted to understand the distinct pathogen-elicited toll-like receptors (TLRs) functions in megakaryocyte biology. To understand the TLR induction and the molecular events that are governed in the mammalian system during dengue infection and to study TLR2-mediated cellular signaling-associated mechanisms with respect to their dimerization partners during dengue infection. METHODS In this study, we used the human Megakaryoblastic cells, DAMI, and treated them with TLR agonists (LPS and Zymosan) and Dengue virus (DNV-II). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION TLR2 could play an important role by dimerizing with TLR1, TLR4, and TLR6, which we induced for functional characterization. We observed that megakaryocyte maturation markers CD-41 and CD-61 were elevated. This augmentation under the LPS and Zymosan system along with DNV Infection was further confirmed. Our analysis also suggested that activation of miR-125b and MAPK signaling led to lipid droplet elevation. This led us to analyze TLR-mediated consequences and their impact on megakaryocyte development under diverse pathogen-elicited conditions. CONCLUSION Pathogenic challenges associated with toll-like receptor system activation could further our understanding of the platelet biogenesis mechanistic pathways under various pathogenic circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Malleswarapu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of HyderabadHyderabad 500046, TS, India
| | - Narasaiah Kovuru
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of HyderabadHyderabad 500046, TS, India
| | - Nooruddin Khan
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of HyderabadHyderabad 500046, TS, India
| | - Amit Mishra
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology JodhpurJodhpur 342037, RJ, India
| | - Ravi Kumar Gutti
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of HyderabadHyderabad 500046, TS, India
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6
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Frydman GH, Ellett F, Jorgensen J, Marand AL, Zukerberg L, Selig MK, Tessier SN, Wong KHK, Olaleye D, Vanderburg CR, Fox JG, Tompkins RG, Irimia D. Megakaryocytes respond during sepsis and display innate immune cell behaviors. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1083339. [PMID: 36936945 PMCID: PMC10019826 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1083339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Megakaryocytes (MKs) are precursors to platelets, the second most abundant cells in the peripheral circulation. However, while platelets are known to participate in immune responses and play significant functions during infections, the role of MKs within the immune system remains largely unexplored. Histological studies of sepsis patients identified increased nucleated CD61+ cells (MKs) in the lungs, and CD61+ staining (likely platelets within microthrombi) in the kidneys, which correlated with the development of organ dysfunction. Detailed imaging cytometry of peripheral blood from patients with sepsis found significantly higher MK counts, which we predict would likely be misclassified by automated hematology analyzers as leukocytes. Utilizing in vitro techniques, we show that both stem cell derived MKs (SC MKs) and cells from the human megakaryoblastic leukemia cell line, Meg-01, undergo chemotaxis, interact with bacteria, and are capable of releasing chromatin webs in response to various pathogenic stimuli. Together, our observations suggest that MK cells display some basic innate immune cell behaviors and may actively respond and play functional roles in the pathophysiology of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galit H. Frydman
- Division of Comparative Medicine and Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- BioMEMS Resource Center and Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Felix Ellett
- BioMEMS Resource Center and Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Julianne Jorgensen
- BioMEMS Resource Center and Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Anika L. Marand
- BioMEMS Resource Center and Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lawrence Zukerberg
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Martin K. Selig
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Shannon N. Tessier
- BioMEMS Resource Center and Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Keith H. K. Wong
- BioMEMS Resource Center and Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - David Olaleye
- Division of Comparative Medicine and Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | | | - James G. Fox
- Division of Comparative Medicine and Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Ronald G. Tompkins
- BioMEMS Resource Center and Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Daniel Irimia
- BioMEMS Resource Center and Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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7
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Livada AC, Pariser DN, Morrell CN. Megakaryocytes in the lung: History and future perspectives. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2023; 7:100053. [PMID: 37063766 PMCID: PMC10099324 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpth.2023.100053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A state of the art lecture titled "Megakaryocytes in the Lung" was presented at the London International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis congress in 2022. This lecture highlighted that although most medical teaching presents platelets as bone marrow megakaryocyte-derived cellular mediators of thrombosis, platelets are also a critical part of the immune system with direct roles in responses to sterile tissue injury and pathogens. Bone marrow megakaryocytes differentiate from hematopoietic stem cells and package platelets with immune molecules. Activated platelets, therefore, initiate or accelerate the progression of vascular inflammatory pathologies, as well as being regulators of immune responses to infectious agents. Platelets are now known to have mechanistic roles in immune responses to disease processes, such as heart transplant rejection, myocardial infarction, aortic aneurysm, peripheral vascular disease, and infections. From these studies comes the concept that megakaryocytes are immune cell progenitors and recent emerging information highlights that megakaryocytes may themselves be immune cells. Despite megakaryocytes being described in the lung for >100 years, lung megakaryocytes have only recently been shown to be platelet producing and lung megakaryocytes are immune-differentiated in both phenotype and function. What is still not known is the origin of lung megakaryocytes and roles of lung megakaryocytes in health and disease. This review will discuss the long history of lung megakaryocytes in the literature and potential models for megakaryocyte origins and immune functions. Finally, we summarize relevant new data related to this topic that was presented during the 2022 International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis Congress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison C. Livada
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Daphne N. Pariser
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Craig N. Morrell
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
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8
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Dissecting Platelet's Role in Viral Infection: A Double-Edged Effector of the Immune System. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032009. [PMID: 36768333 PMCID: PMC9916939 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets play a major role in the processes of primary hemostasis and pathological inflammation-induced thrombosis. In the mid-2000s, several studies expanded the role of these particular cells, placing them in the "immune continuum" and thus changing the understanding of their function in both innate and adaptive immune responses. Among the many receptors they express on their surface, platelets express Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs), key receptors in the inflammatory cell-cell reaction and in the interaction between innate and adaptive immunity. In response to an infectious stimulus, platelets will become differentially activated. Platelet activation is variable depending on whether platelets are activated by a hemostatic or pathogen stimulus. This review highlights the role that platelets play in platelet modulation count and adaptative immune response during viral infection.
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9
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Tang X, Xu Q, Yang S, Huang X, Wang L, Huang F, Luo J, Zhou X, Wu A, Mei Q, Zhao C, Wu J. Toll-like Receptors and Thrombopoiesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021010. [PMID: 36674552 PMCID: PMC9864288 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets are the second most abundant blood component after red blood cells and can participate in a variety of physiological and pathological functions. Beyond its traditional role in hemostasis and thrombosis, it also plays an indispensable role in inflammatory diseases. However, thrombocytopenia is a common hematologic problem in the clinic, and it presents a proportional relationship with the fatality of many diseases. Therefore, the prevention and treatment of thrombocytopenia is of great importance. The expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) is one of the most relevant characteristics of thrombopoiesis and the platelet inflammatory function. We know that the TLR family is found on the surface or inside almost all cells, where they perform many immune functions. Of those, TLR2 and TLR4 are the main stress-inducing members and play an integral role in inflammatory diseases and platelet production and function. Therefore, the aim of this review is to present and discuss the relationship between platelets, inflammation and the TLR family and extend recent research on the influence of the TLR2 and TLR4 pathways and the regulation of platelet production and function. Reviewing the interaction between TLRs and platelets in inflammation may be a research direction or program for the treatment of thrombocytopenia-related and inflammatory-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xinwu Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Long Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, the Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education of China, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Feihong Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, the Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education of China, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jiesi Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, the Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education of China, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xiaogang Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, the Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education of China, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Anguo Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, the Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education of China, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Qibing Mei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, the Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education of China, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Chunling Zhao
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Correspondence: (C.Z.); (J.W.); Tel.: +86-186-8307-3667 (C.Z.); +86-139-8241-6641 (J.W.)
| | - Jianming Wu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, the Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education of China, Luzhou 646000, China
- Correspondence: (C.Z.); (J.W.); Tel.: +86-186-8307-3667 (C.Z.); +86-139-8241-6641 (J.W.)
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10
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Yang S, Tang X, Wang L, Ni C, Wu Y, Zhou L, Zeng Y, Zhao C, Wu A, Wang Q, Xu X, Wang Y, Chen R, Zhang X, Zou L, Huang X, Wu J. Targeting TLR2/Rac1/cdc42/JNK Pathway to Reveal That Ruxolitinib Promotes Thrombocytopoiesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416137. [PMID: 36555781 PMCID: PMC9787584 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thrombocytopenia has long been considered an important complication of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, which severely limits the effectiveness of cancer treatment and the overall survival of patients. However, clinical treatment options are extremely limited so far. Ruxolitinib is a potential candidate. METHODS The impact of ruxolitinib on the differentiation and maturation of K562 and Meg-01 cells megakaryocytes (MKs) was examined by flow cytometry, Giemsa and Phalloidin staining. A mouse model of radiation-injured thrombocytopenia (RIT) was employed to evaluate the action of ruxolitinib on thrombocytopoiesis. Network pharmacology, molecular docking, drug affinity responsive target stability assay (DARTS), RNA sequencing, protein blotting and immunofluorescence analysis were applied to explore the targets and mechanisms of action of ruxolitinib. RESULTS Ruxolitinib can stimulate MK differentiation and maturation in a dose-dependent manner and accelerates recovery of MKs and thrombocytopoiesis in RIT mice. Biological targeting analysis showed that ruxolitinib binds directly to Toll Like Receptor 2 (TLR2) to activate Rac1/cdc42/JNK, and this action was shown to be blocked by C29, a specific inhibitor of TLR2. CONCLUSIONS Ruxolitinib was first identified to facilitate MK differentiation and thrombocytopoiesis, which may alleviate RIT. The potential mechanism of ruxolitinib was to promote MK differentiation via activating the Rac1/cdc42/JNK pathway through binding to TLR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xiaoqin Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Long Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Chengyang Ni
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yuesong Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Ling Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yueying Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Chunling Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Anguo Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Qiaozhi Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xiyan Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yiwei Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Rong Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Lile Zou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xinwu Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Correspondence: (X.H.); (J.W.); Tel.: +86-13808285526 (X.H.); +86-13982416641 (J.W.)
| | - Jianming Wu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Correspondence: (X.H.); (J.W.); Tel.: +86-13808285526 (X.H.); +86-13982416641 (J.W.)
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11
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Wang J, Xie J, Wang D, Han X, Chen M, Shi G, Jiang L, Zhao M. CXCR4 high megakaryocytes regulate host-defense immunity against bacterial pathogens. eLife 2022; 11:e78662. [PMID: 35904250 PMCID: PMC9374440 DOI: 10.7554/elife.78662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Megakaryocytes (MKs) continuously produce platelets to support hemostasis and form a niche for hematopoietic stem cell maintenance in the bone marrow. MKs are also involved in inflammatory responses; however, the mechanism remains poorly understood. Using single-cell sequencing, we identified a CXCR4 highly expressed MK subpopulation, which exhibited both MK-specific and immune characteristics. CXCR4high MKs interacted with myeloid cells to promote their migration and stimulate the bacterial phagocytosis of macrophages and neutrophils by producing TNFα and IL-6. CXCR4high MKs were also capable of phagocytosis, processing, and presenting antigens to activate T cells. Furthermore, CXCR4high MKs also egressed circulation and infiltrated into the spleen, liver, and lung upon bacterial infection. Ablation of MKs suppressed the innate immune response and T cell activation to impair the anti-bacterial effects in mice under the Listeria monocytogenes challenge. Using hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell lineage-tracing mouse lines, we show that CXCR4high MKs were generated from infection-induced emergency megakaryopoiesis in response to bacterial infection. Overall, we identify the CXCR4high MKs, which regulate host-defense immune response against bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jiayi Xie
- RNA Biomedical Institute, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of EducationGuangzhouChina
| | - Daosong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of EducationGuangzhouChina
| | - Xue Han
- RNA Biomedical Institute, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of EducationGuangzhouChina
| | - Minqi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of EducationGuangzhouChina
| | - Guojun Shi
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Linjia Jiang
- RNA Biomedical Institute, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Meng Zhao
- RNA Biomedical Institute, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of EducationGuangzhouChina
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12
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Zhan H, Kaushansky K. Megakaryocytes as the Regulator of the Hematopoietic Vascular Niche. Front Oncol 2022; 12:912060. [PMID: 35814384 PMCID: PMC9258777 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.912060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Megakaryocytes (MKs) are important components of the hematopoietic niche. Compared to the non-hematopoietic niche cells, MKs serving as part of the hematopoietic niche provides a mechanism for feedback regulation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), in which HSC progeny (MKs) can modulate HSC adaptation to hematopoietic demands during both steady-state and stress hematopoiesis. MKs are often located adjacent to marrow sinusoids. Considering that most HSCs reside close to a marrow vascular sinusoid, as do MKs, the interactions between MKs and vascular endothelial cells are positioned to play important roles in modulating HSC function, and by extrapolation, might be dysregulated in various disease states. In this review, we discuss the interactions between MKs and the vascular niche in both normal and neoplastic hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huichun Zhan
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, United States
- Medical Service, Northport Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, Northport, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Huichun Zhan,
| | - Kenneth Kaushansky
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, United States
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13
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Huang DY, Wang GM, Ke ZR, Zhou Y, Yang HH, Ma TL, Guan CX. Megakaryocytes in pulmonary diseases. Life Sci 2022; 301:120602. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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14
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Jahn K, Kohler TP, Swiatek LS, Wiebe S, Hammerschmidt S. Platelets, Bacterial Adhesins and the Pneumococcus. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071121. [PMID: 35406684 PMCID: PMC8997422 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic infections with pathogenic or facultative pathogenic bacteria are associated with activation and aggregation of platelets leading to thrombocytopenia and activation of the clotting system. Bacterial proteins leading to platelet activation and aggregation have been identified, and while platelet receptors are recognized, induced signal transduction cascades are still often unknown. In addition to proteinaceous adhesins, pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae also produce toxins such as pneumolysin and alpha-hemolysin. They bind to cellular receptors or form pores, which can result in disturbance of physiological functions of platelets. Here, we discuss the bacteria-platelet interplay in the context of adhesin–receptor interactions and platelet-activating bacterial proteins, with a main emphasis on S. aureus and S. pneumoniae. More importantly, we summarize recent findings of how S. aureus toxins and the pore-forming toxin pneumolysin of S. pneumoniae interfere with platelet function. Finally, the relevance of platelet dysfunction due to killing by toxins and potential treatment interventions protecting platelets against cell death are summarized.
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15
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CRACking the Molecular Regulatory Mechanism of SOCE during Platelet Activation in Thrombo-Occlusive Diseases. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040619. [PMID: 35203269 PMCID: PMC8870035 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombo-occlusive diseases such as myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke and deep vein thrombosis with subsequent pulmonary embolism still represent a major health burden worldwide. Besides the cells of the vasculature or other hematopoietic cells, platelets are primarily responsible for the development and progression of an occluding thrombus. The activation and function of platelets crucially depend on free cytosolic calcium (Ca2+) as second messenger, which modulates platelet secretion, aggregation and thrombus formation. Ca2+ is elevated upon platelet activation by release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores thus triggering of the subsequent store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), which is facilitated by Ca2+ release-activated channels (CRACs). In general, CRACs are assembled by the pore-forming unit Orai in the plasma membrane and the Ca2+-sensing stromal interaction molecule (STIM) in the endoplasmic reticulum after the depletion of internal Ca2+ stores. In the last few years, there is a growing body of the literature demonstrating the importance of STIM and Orai-mediated mechanism in thrombo-occlusive disorders. Thus, this review provides an overview of the recent understanding of STIM and Orai signaling in platelet function and its implication in the development and progression of ischemic thrombo-occlusive disorders. Moreover, potential pharmacological implications of STIM and Orai signaling in platelets are anticipated and discussed in the end.
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16
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Khatib-Massalha E, Méndez-Ferrer S. Megakaryocyte Diversity in Ontogeny, Functions and Cell-Cell Interactions. Front Oncol 2022; 12:840044. [PMID: 35186768 PMCID: PMC8854253 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.840044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) rely on local interactions in the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment with stromal cells and other hematopoietic cells that facilitate their survival and proliferation, and also regulate their functions. HSCs and multipotent progenitor cells differentiate into lineage-specific progenitors that generate all blood and immune cells. Megakaryocytes (Mks) are hematopoietic cells responsible for producing blood platelets, which are essential for normal hemostasis and blood coagulation. Although the most prominent function of Mks is platelet production (thrombopoiesis), other increasingly recognized functions include HSC maintenance and host immune response. However, whether and how these diverse programs are executed by different Mk subpopulations remains poorly understood. This Perspective summarizes our current understanding of diversity in ontogeny, functions and cell-cell interactions. Cumulative evidence suggests that BM microenvironment dysfunction, partly caused by mutated Mks, can induce or alter the progression of a variety of hematologic malignancies, including myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) and other disorders associated with tissue scarring (fibrosis). Therefore, as an example of the heterogeneous functions of Mks in malignant hematopoiesis, we will discuss the role of Mks in the onset and progression of BM fibrosis. In this regard, abnormal interactions between of Mks and other immune cells might directly contribute to fibrotic diseases. Overall, further understanding of megakaryopoiesis and how Mks interact with HSCs and immune cells has potential clinical implications for stem cell transplantation and other therapies for hematologic malignancies, as well as for treatments to stimulate platelet production and prevent thrombocytopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Khatib-Massalha
- Wellcome-Medical Research Council (MRC) Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Hematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Simón Méndez-Ferrer
- Wellcome-Medical Research Council (MRC) Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Hematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla-IBiS, Hospitales Universitarios Virgen del Rocío y Macarena/Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
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17
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Abstract
Classically, platelets have been described as the cellular blood component that mediates hemostasis and thrombosis. This important platelet function has received significant research attention for >150 years. The immune cell functions of platelets are much less appreciated. Platelets interact with and activate cells of all branches of immunity in response to pathogen exposures and infection, as well as in response to sterile tissue injury. In this review, we focus on innate immune mechanisms of platelet activation, platelet interactions with innate immune cells, as well as the intersection of platelets and adaptive immunity. The immune potential of platelets is dependent in part on their megakaryocyte precursor providing them with the molecular composition to be first responders and immune sentinels in initiating and orchestrating coordinated pathogen immune responses. There is emerging evidence that extramedullary megakaryocytes may be immune differentiated compared with bone marrow megakaryocytes, but the physiological relevance of immunophenotypic differences are just beginning to be explored. These concepts are also discussed in this review. The immune functions of the megakaryocyte/platelet lineage have likely evolved to coordinate the need to repair a vascular breach with the simultaneous need to induce an immune response that may limit pathogen invasion once the blood is exposed to an external environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milka Koupenova
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 368 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Alison Livada
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Craig N. Morrell
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
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18
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Jiang S, Ma J, Ye S, Meaney C, Moore TE, Pan S, Gao C. Associations Among Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation, Thrombocytopenia Cytokines/Chemokines and Genetic Polymorphisms of Toll-Like Receptor 2/4 in Chinese Patients with Sepsis. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:1-15. [PMID: 35018107 PMCID: PMC8742598 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s337559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives(s) Toll-like receptors (TLRs) on platelets have been extensively studied. Both TLR2 and TLR4 have been shown to augment platelet activation and alter its function from a hemostatic regulator to an immune sentinel. However, few studies have investigated the relationship between genetic polymorphisms in TLR2, TLR4 and platelets. We investigated whether genetic polymorphisms of TLR2 and TLR4 were related to thrombocytopenia and coagulation failure in Chinese patients with sepsis. Basic Methods Adult Chinese patients with sepsis in the intensive care unit of a university medical center were monitored for up to 28 days. Thrombocytopenia and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), diagnosed using Japanese Association for Acute Medicine (JAAM) criteria, were observed as the primary outcomes. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in TLR2 (rs111200466, rs5743708) and TLR4 (rs11536889, rs145801336, rs11536896, rs7869402) in patients with sepsis were detected by polymerase chain reaction. The data were analyzed using chi-square and rank sum tests. Results The genotype of TLR2 (rs111200466) (Del/Del) was associated with the initial DIC. The genotype of TLR4 (rs11536889) (C/C&C/G) was associated with initial DIC, DIC onset during hospitalization and platelet counts. Furthermore, both DIC and platelet counts were associated with cytokines and chemokines, especially the IL10. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that in Chinese sepsis patients, the rs111200466 SNP in TLR2 and rs11536889 SNP in TLR4 are associated with thrombocytopenia and DIC, with potential effects on the TLR4 pathways of platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaowei Jiang
- Department of Emergency, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Ye
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shanghai Songnan Community Health Service Center, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Connor Meaney
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84132, USA
| | - Timothy Evan Moore
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84132, USA
| | - Shuming Pan
- Department of Emergency, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengjin Gao
- Department of Emergency, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
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19
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Neutrophil transit time and localization within the megakaryocyte define morphologically distinct forms of emperipolesis. Blood Adv 2021; 6:2081-2091. [PMID: 34872109 PMCID: PMC9006297 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021005097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Emperipolesis (neutrophil transit through megakaryocytes) occurs in fast and slow forms that differ morphologically. Intramegakaryocytic neutrophils reside in emperisomes and in cytoplasm near the demarcation membrane system, endoplasmic reticulum, and nucleus.
Neutrophils transit through megakaryocytes in a process termed emperipolesis, but it is unknown whether this interaction is a single type of cell-in-cell interaction or a set of distinct processes. Using a murine in vitro model, we characterized emperipolesis by live-cell spinning disk microscopy and electron microscopy. Approximately half of neutrophils exited the megakaryocyte rapidly, typically in 10 minutes or less, displaying ameboid morphology as they passed through the host cell (fast emperipolesis). The remaining neutrophils assumed a sessile morphology, most remaining within the megakaryocyte for at least 60 minutes (slow emperipolesis). These neutrophils typically localized near the megakaryocyte nucleus. By ultrastructural assessment, all internalized neutrophils remained morphologically intact. Most neutrophils resided within emperisomes, but some could be visualized exiting the emperisome to enter the cell cytoplasm. Neutrophils in the cytoplasm assumed close contact with the platelet-forming demarcation membrane system or the perinuclear endoplasmic reticulum. These findings reveal that megakaryocyte emperipolesis reflects at least 2 distinct processes differing in transit time and morphology, fast and slow emperipolesis, suggesting divergent physiologic functions.
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20
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DMAG, a novel countermeasure for the treatment of thrombocytopenia. Mol Med 2021; 27:149. [PMID: 34837956 PMCID: PMC8626956 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-021-00404-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thrombocytopenia is one of the most common hematological disease that can be life-threatening caused by bleeding complications. However, the treatment options for thrombocytopenia remain limited. Methods In this study, giemsa staining, phalloidin staining, immunofluorescence and flow cytometry were used to identify the effects of 3,3ʹ-di-O-methylellagic acid 4ʹ-glucoside (DMAG), a natural ellagic acid derived from Sanguisorba officinalis L. (SOL) on megakaryocyte differentiation in HEL cells. Then, thrombocytopenia mice model was constructed by X-ray irradiation to evaluate the therapeutic action of DMAG on thrombocytopenia. Furthermore, the effects of DMAG on platelet function were evaluated by tail bleeding time, platelet aggregation and platelet adhesion assays. Next, network pharmacology approaches were carried out to identify the targets of DMAG. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed to elucidate the underling mechanism of DMAG against thrombocytopenia. Finally, molecular docking simulation, molecular dynamics simulation and western blot analysis were used to explore the relationship between DAMG with its targets. Results DMAG significantly promoted megakaryocyte differentiation of HEL cells. DMAG administration accelerated platelet recovery and megakaryopoiesis, shortened tail bleeding time, strengthened platelet aggregation and adhesion in thrombocytopenia mice. Network pharmacology revealed that ITGA2B, ITGB3, VWF, PLEK, TLR2, BCL2, BCL2L1 and TNF were the core targets of DMAG. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses suggested that the core targets of DMAG were enriched in PI3K–Akt signaling pathway, hematopoietic cell lineage, ECM-receptor interaction and platelet activation. Molecular docking simulation and molecular dynamics simulation further indicated that ITGA2B, ITGB3, PLEK and TLR2 displayed strong binding ability with DMAG. Finally, western blot analysis evidenced that DMAG up-regulated the expression of ITGA2B, ITGB3, VWF, p-Akt and PLEK. Conclusion DMAG plays a critical role in promoting megakaryocytes differentiation and platelets production and might be a promising medicine for the treatment of thrombocytopenia. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s10020-021-00404-1.
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21
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Sun S, Jin C, Si J, Lei Y, Chen K, Cui Y, Liu Z, Liu J, Zhao M, Zhang X, Tang F, Rondina MT, Li Y, Wang QF. Single-cell analysis of ploidy and the transcriptome reveals functional and spatial divergency in murine megakaryopoiesis. Blood 2021; 138:1211-1224. [PMID: 34115843 PMCID: PMC8499048 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021010697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Megakaryocytes (MKs), the platelet progenitor cells, play important roles in hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) maintenance and immunity. However, it is not known whether these diverse programs are executed by a single population or by distinct subsets of cells. Here, we manually isolated primary CD41+ MKs from the bone marrow (BM) of mice and human donors based on ploidy (2N-32N) and performed single-cell RNA sequencing analysis. We found that cellular heterogeneity existed within 3 distinct subpopulations that possess gene signatures related to platelet generation, HSC niche interaction, and inflammatory responses. In situ immunostaining of mouse BM demonstrated that platelet generation and the HSC niche-related MKs were in close physical proximity to blood vessels and HSCs, respectively. Proplatelets, which could give rise to platelets under blood shear forces, were predominantly formed on a platelet generation subset. Remarkably, the inflammatory responses subpopulation, consisting generally of low-ploidy LSP1+ and CD53+ MKs (≤8N), represented ∼5% of total MKs in the BM. These MKs could specifically respond to pathogenic infections in mice. Rapid expansion of this population was accompanied by strong upregulation of a preexisting PU.1- and IRF-8-associated monocytic-like transcriptional program involved in pathogen recognition and clearance as well as antigen presentation. Consistently, isolated primary CD53+ cells were capable of engulfing and digesting bacteria and stimulating T cells in vitro. Together, our findings uncover new molecular, spatial, and functional heterogeneity within MKs in vivo and demonstrate the existence of a specialized MK subpopulation that may act as a new type of immune cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Sun
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Beijing Institute of Genomics, CAS, Beijing, China
- China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Jin
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Beijing Institute of Genomics, CAS, Beijing, China
- China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Si
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Beijing Institute of Genomics, CAS, Beijing, China
- China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Lei
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Beijing Institute of Genomics, CAS, Beijing, China
- China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kunying Chen
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Beijing Institute of Genomics, CAS, Beijing, China
- China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yueli Cui
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Biomedical Institute for Pioneering Investigation via Convergence, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenbo Liu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Beijing Institute of Genomics, CAS, Beijing, China
- China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang Liu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Beijing Institute of Genomics, CAS, Beijing, China
- China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Fuchou Tang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Biomedical Institute for Pioneering Investigation via Convergence, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Matthew T Rondina
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pathology, and the Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; and
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Yueying Li
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Beijing Institute of Genomics, CAS, Beijing, China
- China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qian-Fei Wang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Beijing Institute of Genomics, CAS, Beijing, China
- China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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22
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Fard MB, Fard SB, Ramazi S, Atashi A, Eslamifar Z. Thrombosis in COVID-19 infection: Role of platelet activation-mediated immunity. Thromb J 2021; 19:59. [PMID: 34425822 PMCID: PMC8380864 DOI: 10.1186/s12959-021-00311-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Thrombosis plays an important role in the Coronavrus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection-related complications such as acute respiratory distress syndrome and myocardial infarction. Multiple factors such as oxygen demand injuries, endothelial cells injury related to infection, and plaque formation. Main body Platelets obtained from the patients may have severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA, showing that the increased activation potential recommends platelet can be hyper-activated in severely ill SARS-CoV-2 cases. Platelets contain multiple receptors that interact with specific ligands. Pathogen’s receptors such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptor, C-type lectin receptor family, glycoprotein (GP) such as GPαIIbβ3 and GPIbα which allow pathogens to interact with platelets. Platelet TLRs and NOD2 are involved in platelet activation and thrombosis. Accordingly, TLRs are critical receptors that could recognize various endogenous damage-associated molecular patterns and exogenous pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). TLRs are considered as important components in the activation of innate immunity response against pathogenic and non-pathogenic components like damaged tissues. TLRs-1,-2,-4,-6,-7 expression on or within platelets has been reported previously. Various PAMPs were indicated to be capable of binding to platelet-TLRs and inducing both the activation and promotion of downstream proinflammatory signaling cascade. Conclusion It is possible that the increased TLRs expression and TLR-mediated platelets activation during COVID-19 may enhance vascular and coronary thrombosis. It may be hypothesized using TLRs antagonist and monoclonal antibody against P-selectin, as the marker of leukocyte recruitment and platelet activation, besides viral therapy provide therapeutic advances in fighting against the thrombosis related complications in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shahin Ramazi
- Department of biophysics, faculty of biological sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Atashi
- Stem cell and tissue engineering research center, Shahroud university of medical sciences, Shahroud, Iran
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23
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Liu C, Wu D, Xia M, Li M, Sun Z, Shen B, Liu Y, Jiang E, Wang H, Su P, Shi L, Xiao Z, Zhu X, Zhou W, Wang Q, Gao X, Cheng T, Zhou J. Characterization of Cellular Heterogeneity and an Immune Subpopulation of Human Megakaryocytes. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2100921. [PMID: 34042332 PMCID: PMC8336508 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Megakaryocytes (MKs) and their progeny platelets function in a variety of biological processes including coagulation, hemostasis, inflammation, angiogenesis, and innate immunity. However, the divergent developmental and cellular landscape of adult MKs remains mysterious. Here, by deriving the single-cell transcriptomic profiling of MKs from human adult bone marrow (BM), cellular heterogeneity within MKs is unveiled and an MK subpopulation with high enrichment of immune-associated genes is identified. By performing the dynamic single-cell transcriptomic landscape of human megakaryopoiesis in vitro, it is found that the immune signatures of MKs can be traced back to the progenitor stage. Furthermore, two surface markers, CD148 and CD48, are identified for mature MKs with immune characteristics. At the functional level, these CD148+ CD48+ MKs can respond rapidly to immune stimuli both in vitro and in vivo, exhibit high-level expression of immune receptors and mediators, and may function as immune-surveillance cells. The findings uncover the cellular heterogeneity and a novel immune subset of human adult MKs and should greatly facilitate the understanding of the divergent functions of MKs under physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuicui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental HematologyNational Clinical Research Center for Blood DiseasesInstitute of Hematology and Blood Diseases HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300020China
- Center for Stem Cell MedicineChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative MedicinePeking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300020China
| | - Dan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental HematologyNational Clinical Research Center for Blood DiseasesInstitute of Hematology and Blood Diseases HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300020China
- Center for Stem Cell MedicineChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative MedicinePeking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300020China
| | - Meijuan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental HematologyNational Clinical Research Center for Blood DiseasesInstitute of Hematology and Blood Diseases HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300020China
- Center for Stem Cell MedicineChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative MedicinePeking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300020China
| | - Minmin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental HematologyNational Clinical Research Center for Blood DiseasesInstitute of Hematology and Blood Diseases HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300020China
- Center for Stem Cell MedicineChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative MedicinePeking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300020China
| | - Zhiqiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental HematologyNational Clinical Research Center for Blood DiseasesInstitute of Hematology and Blood Diseases HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300020China
- Center for Stem Cell MedicineChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative MedicinePeking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300020China
| | - Biao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental HematologyNational Clinical Research Center for Blood DiseasesInstitute of Hematology and Blood Diseases HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300020China
- Center for Stem Cell MedicineChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative MedicinePeking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300020China
| | - Yiying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental HematologyNational Clinical Research Center for Blood DiseasesInstitute of Hematology and Blood Diseases HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300020China
- Center for Stem Cell MedicineChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative MedicinePeking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300020China
| | - Erlie Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental HematologyNational Clinical Research Center for Blood DiseasesInstitute of Hematology and Blood Diseases HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300020China
- Center for Stem Cell MedicineChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative MedicinePeking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300020China
| | - Hongtao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental HematologyNational Clinical Research Center for Blood DiseasesInstitute of Hematology and Blood Diseases HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300020China
- Center for Stem Cell MedicineChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative MedicinePeking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300020China
| | - Pei Su
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental HematologyNational Clinical Research Center for Blood DiseasesInstitute of Hematology and Blood Diseases HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300020China
- Center for Stem Cell MedicineChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative MedicinePeking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300020China
| | - Lihong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental HematologyNational Clinical Research Center for Blood DiseasesInstitute of Hematology and Blood Diseases HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300020China
- Center for Stem Cell MedicineChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative MedicinePeking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300020China
| | - Zhijian Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental HematologyNational Clinical Research Center for Blood DiseasesInstitute of Hematology and Blood Diseases HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300020China
- Center for Stem Cell MedicineChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative MedicinePeking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300020China
| | - Xiaofan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental HematologyNational Clinical Research Center for Blood DiseasesInstitute of Hematology and Blood Diseases HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300020China
- Center for Stem Cell MedicineChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative MedicinePeking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300020China
| | - Wen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer InvasionMinistry of EducationKey Laboratory of CarcinogenesisNational Health and Family Planning CommissionCancer Research InstituteSchool of Basic Medical ScienceCentral South UniversityChangsha410078China
| | - Qianfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision MedicineCollaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and DevelopmentBeijing Institute of GenomicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
| | - Xin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental HematologyNational Clinical Research Center for Blood DiseasesInstitute of Hematology and Blood Diseases HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300020China
- Center for Stem Cell MedicineChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative MedicinePeking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300020China
| | - Tao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental HematologyNational Clinical Research Center for Blood DiseasesInstitute of Hematology and Blood Diseases HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300020China
- Center for Stem Cell MedicineChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative MedicinePeking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300020China
| | - Jiaxi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental HematologyNational Clinical Research Center for Blood DiseasesInstitute of Hematology and Blood Diseases HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300020China
- Center for Stem Cell MedicineChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative MedicinePeking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300020China
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24
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Vinci R, Pedicino D, D'Aiello A, Ciampi P, Ponzo M, Bonanni A, Russo G, Montone RA, Massetti M, Crea F, Liuzzo G. Platelet hyaluronidase 2 enrichment in acute coronary syndromes: a conceivable role in monocyte-platelet aggregate formation. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:785-789. [PMID: 33733989 PMCID: PMC7993372 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1900159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS) with plaque erosion display dysregulated hyaluronan metabolism, with increased hyaluronidase-2 (HYAL2) expression. However, the expression and the role of this enzyme on platelets has never been explored. We evaluated the platelet’s HYAL2 (pltHYAL2) levels on I) stable angina (SA) and II) ACS patients, furtherly sub-grouped in Intact-Fibrous-Cap (IFC) and Ruptured-Fibrous-Cap (RFC), according to Optical Coherence Tomography. We assessed the HYAL2 role through an in vitro model setting of co-cultured monocytes and platelets, before and after treatment with low-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid (HA) as pro-inflammatory stimulus and with or without HYAL2-antibody to inhibit HYAL2 activity. ACS patients exhibit higher pltHYAL2 levels comparing to SA, with the higher expression for IFC group. The addition of HYAL2-antibody significantly reduced the percentage of monocyte-platelet binding, suggesting that pltHYAL2 enrichment at the site of the culprit lesion is a key mediator in the systemic thrombo-inflammatory status of ACS presenting with plaque erosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Vinci
- Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Pedicino
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Myriana Ponzo
- Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Alice Bonanni
- Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulio Russo
- Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Massetti
- Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.,Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Filippo Crea
- Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.,Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Liuzzo
- Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.,Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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25
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Dengue virus induces interferon-β by activating RNA sensing pathways in megakaryocytes. Immunol Lett 2021; 236:31-36. [PMID: 34111476 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Activation of innate receptors in megakaryocytes (MKs) may affect the ability to produce functional platelets. Low platelet count is one of the clinical manifestations of dengue virus (DENV) infection. In MKs, the effect of innate receptors during DENV-infection is not well studied. Here we used MEG-01 cells to investigate DENV serotype 2 induced innate receptors in these cells. DENV RNA was estimated by qRT-PCR in the culture supernatant. The expression of innate receptors was determined by western blot and qPCR. DENV infection led to increased expression of RIG-I at 24 hrs post-infection (hpi) and MDA-5 at 48 and 72 hpi (p<0.05). However, no change in the expression of TLR3 at protein level was observed. Activation of MDA-5 resulted in increased expression of IFN-β and ISG-15 in DENV infected MEG-01 cells, which was further confirmed by MDA-5 siRNA treatment. Apart from inducing innate receptors, DENV significantly decreases the expression of CD61, an activation marker of megakaryocyteson MEG-01 cells as observed by flow cytometry analysis (p<0.01). Results from this study confirm that DENV infection activates the type-I interferon in megakaryocytes and may play a significant role in maturation and development.
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26
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Feng FE, Zhang GC, Liu FQ, He Y, Zhu XL, Liu X, Wang Y, Wang JZ, Fu HX, Chen YH, Han W, Chang YJ, Xu LP, Liu KY, Huang XJ, Zhang XH. HCMV modulates c-Mpl/IEX-1 pathway-mediated megakaryo/thrombopoiesis via PDGFRα and αvβ3 receptors after allo-HSCT. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:6726-6741. [PMID: 33611789 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Thrombocytopenia is a common complication of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection in immunocompromised hosts, which contributes to poor prognosis even in patients receiving antiviral treatment. Here, we investigated the megakaryo/thrombopoiesis process, including the involvement of the c-Mpl/IEX-1 pathway, after HCMV infection, identified receptors mediating the interaction between megakaryocytes (MKs) and HCMV, and explored novel therapeutic targets. Our data shows that HCMV directly infects megakaryocytes in patients with HCMV DNAemia and influences megakaryopoiesis via the c-Mpl/IEX-1 pathway throughout megakaryocyte maturation, apoptosis, and platelet generation in vivo and in vitro. After treatment with inhibitors of PDGFRα and αvβ3, the HCMV infection rate in MKs was significantly reduced, suggesting that IMC-3G3 and anti-αvβ3 are potential therapeutic alternatives for viral infection. In summary, our study proposes a possible mechanism and potential treatments for thrombocytopenia caused by HCMV infection and other viral diseases associated with abnormal hemostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Er Feng
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Gao-Chao Zhang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng-Qi Liu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun He
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Lu Zhu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Zhi Wang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Xia Fu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Hong Chen
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Han
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Jun Chang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lan-Ping Xu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Kai-Yan Liu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Huang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Zhang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
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27
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Abstract
Obesity and obesity-related diseases like type 2 diabetes (T2D) are prominent global health issues; therefore, there is a need to better understand the mechanisms underlying these conditions. The onset of obesity is characterized by accumulation of proinflammatory cells, including Ly6chi monocytes (which differentiate into proinflammatory macrophages) and neutrophils, in metabolic tissues. This shift toward chronic, low-grade inflammation is an obese-state hallmark and highly linked to metabolic disorders and other obesity comorbidities. The mechanisms that induce and maintain increased inflammatory myelopoiesis are of great interest, with a recent focus on how obesity affects more primitive hematopoietic cells. The hematopoietic system is constantly replenished by proper regulation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor (HSPC) pools in the BM. While early research suggests that chronic obesity promotes expansion of myeloid-skewed HSPCs, the involvement of the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niche in regulating obesity-induced myelopoiesis remains undefined. In this review, we explore the role of the multicellular HSC niche in hematopoiesis and inflammation, and the potential contribution of this niche to the hematopoietic response to obesity. This review further aims to summarize the potential HSC niche involvement as a target of obesity-induced inflammation and a driver of obesity-induced myelopoiesis.
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28
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Vallance TM, Sheard JJ, Meng Y, Torre EC, Patel K, Widera D, Vaiyapuri S. Development and characterization of a novel, megakaryocyte NF-κB reporter cell line for investigating inflammatory responses. J Thromb Haemost 2021; 19:107-120. [PMID: 33037735 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Essentials An easily detectable readout in megakaryocyte cell lines will enhance inflammatory research in these cells. Here, we report the development and characterization of a novel megakaryocyte NF-κB-reporter cell line (Meg-01R). Multiple inflammatory molecules modulate NF-κB activity in Meg-01R cells. Meg-01R cells respond to small molecule inhibitors such as IMD0354 and C87 that are known to inhibit NF-κB activity upon stimulation with TNFα. ABSTRACT: Background Because of the difficulties in acquiring large numbers of megakaryocytes, the impact of inflammatory responses on these cells and their ability to produce fully functional platelets under various pathological conditions has not been investigated in detail. Objectives The primary objective of this study is to develop and functionally characterize a novel megakaryocyte nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) reporter cell line to determine the effects of various inflammatory molecules on megakaryocytes and their signalling pathways. Methods A Meg-01-NF-κB-GFP-Luc (Meg-01R) cell line was developed by inserting a reporter NF-κB-GFP-Luc cassette into normal Meg-01 cells to produce luciferase following activation of NF-κB to enable easy detection of pro-inflammatory and reparative signalling. Results and conclusions Meg-01 and Meg-01R cells have comparable characteristics, including the expression of both GPIbα and integrin β3 . Meg-01R cells responded to various inflammatory molecules as measured by NF-κB-dependent bioluminescence. For example, inflammatory molecules such as tumor necrosis factor-α and Pam3CSK4 increased NF-κB activity, whereas an antimicrobial peptide, LL37, reduced its activity. Meg-01R cells were also found to be sensitive to inhibitors (IMD0354 and C87) of inflammatory pathways. Notably, Meg-01R cells were able to respond to lipopolysaccharide (LPS; non-ultrapure), although it was not able to react to ultrapure LPS because of the lack of sufficient TLR4 molecules on their surface. For the first time, we report the development and characterization of a novel megakaryocyte NF-κB reporter cell line (Meg-01R) as a robust tool to study the inflammatory responses/signalling of megakaryocytes upon stimulation with a broad range of inflammatory molecules that can affect NF-κB activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yiming Meng
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | | | - Ketan Patel
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Darius Widera
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, UK
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29
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Reduced miR-26b Expression in Megakaryocytes and Platelets Contributes to Elevated Level of Platelet Activation Status in Sepsis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030866. [PMID: 32013235 PMCID: PMC7036890 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In sepsis, platelets may become activated via toll-like receptors (TLRs), causing microvascular thrombosis. Megakaryocytes (MKs) also express these receptors; thus, severe infection may modulate thrombopoiesis. To explore the relevance of altered miRNAs in platelet activation upon sepsis, we first investigated sepsis-induced miRNA expression in platelets of septic patients. The effect of abnormal Dicer level on miRNA expression was also evaluated. miRNAs were profiled in septic vs. normal platelets using TaqMan Open Array. We validated platelet miR-26b with its target SELP (P-selectin) mRNA levels and correlated them with clinical outcomes. The impact of sepsis on MK transcriptome was analyzed in MEG-01 cells after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment by RNA-seq. Sepsis-reduced miR-26b was further studied using Dicer1 siRNA and calpain inhibition in MEG-01 cells. Out of 390 platelet miRNAs detected, there were 121 significantly decreased, and 61 upregulated in sepsis vs. controls. Septic platelets showed attenuated miR-26b, which were associated with disease severity and mortality. SELP mRNA level was elevated in sepsis, especially in platelets with increased mean platelet volume, causing higher P-selectin expression. Downregulation of Dicer1 generated lower miR-26b with higher SELP mRNA, while calpeptin restored miR-26b in MEG-01 cells. In conclusion, decreased miR-26b in MKs and platelets contributes to an increased level of platelet activation status in sepsis.
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30
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D'Atri LP, Rodríguez CS, Miguel CP, Pozner RG, Ortiz Wilczyñski JM, Negrotto S, Carrera-Silva EA, Heller PG, Schattner M. Activation of toll-like receptors 2 and 4 on CD34 + cells increases human megakaryo/thrombopoiesis induced by thrombopoietin. J Thromb Haemost 2019; 17:2196-2210. [PMID: 31397069 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelet Toll-like receptor (TLR)2/4 are key players in amplifying the host immune response; however, their role in human megakaryo/thrombopoiesis has not yet been defined. OBJECTIVES We evaluated whether Pam3CSK4 or lipopolysaccharide (LPS), TLR2/4 ligands respectively, modulate human megakaryocyte development and platelet production. METHODS CD34+ cells from human umbilical cord were stimulated with LPS or Pam3CSK4 with or without thrombopoietin (TPO). RESULTS CD34+ cells and megakaryocytes express TLR2 and TLR4 at both RNA and protein level; however, direct stimulation of CD34+ cells with LPS or Pam3CSK4 had no effect on cell growth. Interestingly, both TLR ligands markedly increased TPO-induced CD34+ cell proliferation, megakaryocyte number and maturity, proplatelet and platelet production when added at day 0. In contrast, this synergism was not observed when TLR agonists were added 7 days after TPO addition. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) release was observed upon CD34+ or megakaryocyte stimulation with LPS or Pam3CSK4 but not with TPO and this effect was potentiated in combination with TPO. The increased proliferation and IL-6 production induced by TPO + LPS or Pam3CSK4 were suppressed by TLR2/4 or IL-6 neutralizing antibodies, as well as by PI3K/AKT and nuclear factor-κB inhibitors. Additionally, increased proplatelet and platelet production were associated with enhanced nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-E2. Finally, the supernatants of CD34+ cells stimulated with TPO+LPS-induced CFU-M colonies. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the activation of TLR2 and TLR4 in CD34+ cells and megakaryocytes in the presence of TPO may contribute to warrant platelet provision during infection episodes by an autocrine IL-6 loop triggered by PI3K/NF-κB axes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Paola D'Atri
- Laboratory of Experimental Thrombosis, Institute of Experimental Medicine-CONICET-National Academy of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Camila Sofía Rodríguez
- Laboratory of Experimental Thrombosis, Institute of Experimental Medicine-CONICET-National Academy of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina Paula Miguel
- Laboratory of Experimental Thrombosis, Institute of Experimental Medicine-CONICET-National Academy of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Roberto Gabriel Pozner
- Laboratory of Experimental Thrombosis, Institute of Experimental Medicine-CONICET-National Academy of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Manuel Ortiz Wilczyñski
- Laboratory of Experimental Thrombosis, Institute of Experimental Medicine-CONICET-National Academy of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Soledad Negrotto
- Laboratory of Experimental Thrombosis, Institute of Experimental Medicine-CONICET-National Academy of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eugenio Antonio Carrera-Silva
- Laboratory of Experimental Thrombosis, Institute of Experimental Medicine-CONICET-National Academy of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula Graciela Heller
- Institute of Medical Research Dr. Alfredo Lanari, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Hematology Research, National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), University of Buenos Aires, Institute of Medical Research (IDIM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mirta Schattner
- Laboratory of Experimental Thrombosis, Institute of Experimental Medicine-CONICET-National Academy of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Abstract
Histology of bone marrow routinely identifies megakaryocytes that enclose neutrophils and other hematopoietic cells, a phenomenon termed emperipolesis. Preserved across mammalian species and enhanced with systemic inflammation and platelet demand, the nature and significance of emperipolesis remain largely unexplored. Recent advances demonstrate that emperipolesis is in fact a distinct form of cell-in-cell interaction. Following integrin-mediated attachment, megakaryocytes and neutrophils both actively drive entry via cytoskeletal rearrangement. Neutrophils enter a vacuole termed the emperisome which then releases them directly into the megakaryocyte cytoplasm. From this surprising location, neutrophils fuse with the demarcation membrane system to pass membrane to circulating platelets, enhancing the efficiency of thrombocytogenesis. Neutrophils then egress intact, carrying megakaryocyte membrane and potentially other cell components along with them. In this review, we summarize what is known about this intriguing cell-in-cell interaction and discuss potential roles for emperipolesis in megakaryocyte, platelet and neutrophil biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Cunin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter A Nigrovic
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, USA
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Takahashi K, Nakagawasai O, Nemoto W, Odaira T, Sakuma W, Onogi H, Nishijima H, Furihata R, Nemoto Y, Iwasa H, Tan-No K, Tadano T. Effect of Enterococcus faecalis 2001 on colitis and depressive-like behavior in dextran sulfate sodium-treated mice: involvement of the brain-gut axis. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:201. [PMID: 31672153 PMCID: PMC6822456 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1580-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including those with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, have higher rates of psychiatric disorders, such as depression and anxiety; however, the mechanism of psychiatric disorder development remains unclear. Mice with IBD induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water exhibit depressive-like behavior. The presence of Lactobacillus in the gut microbiota is associated with major depressive disorder. Therefore, we examined whether Enterococcus faecalis 2001 (EF-2001), a biogenic lactic acid bacterium, prevents DSS-induced depressive-like behavior and changes in peripheral symptoms. METHODS We evaluated colon inflammation and used the tail suspension test to examine whether EF-2001 prevents IBD-like symptoms and depressive-like behavior in DSS-treated mice. The protein expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), and cleaved caspase-3 in the rectum and hippocampus was assessed by western blotting. Hippocampal neurogenesis, altered nuclear factor-kappa B (NFκB) p65 morphometry, and the localization of activated NFκB p65 and XIAP were examined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Treatment with 1.5% DSS for 7 days induced IBD-like pathology and depressive-like behavior, increased TNF-α and IL-6 expression in the rectum and hippocampus, activated caspase-3 in the hippocampus, and decreased hippocampal neurogenesis. Interestingly, these changes were reversed by 20-day administration of EF-2001. Further, EF-2001 administration enhanced NFκB p65 expression in the microglial cells and XIAP expression in the hippocampus of DSS-treated mice. CONCLUSION EF-2001 prevented IBD-like pathology and depressive-like behavior via decreased rectal and hippocampal inflammatory cytokines and facilitated the NFκB p65/XIAP pathway in the hippocampus. Our findings suggest a close relationship between IBD and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Takahashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 981-8558, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Ohtawara, Tochigi, 324-8501, Japan
| | - Osamu Nakagawasai
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 981-8558, Japan.
| | - Wataru Nemoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 981-8558, Japan
| | - Takayo Odaira
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 981-8558, Japan
| | - Wakana Sakuma
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 981-8558, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Onogi
- Faculty of Health Science, Tohoku Fukushi University, 1-8-1 Kunimi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 981-8522, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nishijima
- Department of Healthcare and Regulatory Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Ryuji Furihata
- Department of Psychiatry, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Yukio Nemoto
- Kampo and Herbal Medicine Research Center, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, 601 Matanocho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, 245-0066, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Iwasa
- Nihon Berm Co, Ltd, 2-14-3 Nagatachou, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-0014, Japan
| | - Koichi Tan-No
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 981-8558, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tadano
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 981-8558, Japan.,Complementary and Alternative Medicine Clinical Research and Development, Graduate School of Medicine Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
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Inflammation in acute coronary syndrome: Expression of TLR2 mRNA is increased in platelets of patients with ACS. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224181. [PMID: 31644579 PMCID: PMC6808418 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Platelets are key components in atherogenesis and determine the course of its clinical sequelae acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Components of the innate immune system—the superfamily of TLR receptors–are present in platelets and represent a link between atherothrombosis and inflammation. We hypothesize that alteration in platelet TLR mRNA expression is a result of inflammation driving coronary atherosclerosis and may represent an alternative platelet activation pathway in ACS. TLR2-, TLR4- and TLR9- mRNA-expression was determined in ACS patients and compared to patients with invasive exclusion of atherosclerotic lesions of coronary arteries. Methods A total of fifty-four patients were enrolled in this clinical retrospective cohort single centre study. Total RNA from sepharose-filtered highly purified platelets was isolated using acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction and transcribed to cDNA using a first strand cDNA synthesis kit. To determine absolute copy numbers of TLR2, TLR4 and TLR9 we used plasmid based quantitative PCR with normalisation to an internal control. Results We found that mRNA expression levels of TLR2 but not TLR 4 and 9 are up-regulated in platelets of patients with ACS when compared to patients without coronary atherosclerosis. Conclusion Our results suggest elevated TLR2 mRNA expression in platelets as a biomarker reflecting the underlying inflammation in ACS and possibly severity of coronary atherosclerosis. Platelet TLR2 may represent a link between inflammation and atherothrombosis in ACS.
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Kamal AHM, Aloor JJ, Fessler MB, Chowdhury SM. Cross-linking Proteomics Indicates Effects of Simvastatin on the TLR2 Interactome and Reveals ACTR1A as a Novel Regulator of the TLR2 Signal Cascade. Mol Cell Proteomics 2019; 18:1732-1744. [PMID: 31221720 PMCID: PMC6731082 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra119.001377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) is a pattern recognition receptor that, upon ligation by microbial molecules, interacts with other proteins to initiate pro-inflammatory responses by the cell. Statins (hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors), drugs widely prescribed to reduce hypercholesterolemia, are reported to have both pro- and anti-inflammatory effects upon cells. Some of these responses are presumed to be driven by effects on signaling proteins at the plasma membrane, but the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. We reasoned that profiling the effect of statins on the repertoire of TLR2-interacting proteins might provide novel insights into the mechanisms by which statins impact inflammation. In order to study the TLR2 interactome, we designed a coimmunoprecipitation (IP)-based cross-linking proteomics study. A hemagglutinin (HA)-tagged-TLR2 transfected HEK293 cell line was used to precipitate the TLR2 interactome upon cell exposure to the TLR2 agonist Pam3CSK4 and simvastatin, singly and in combination. To stabilize protein interactors, we used two different chemical cross-linkers with different spacer chain lengths. Proteomic analysis revealed important combinatorial effects of simvastatin and Pam3CSK4 on the TLR2 interactome. After stringent data filtering, we identified alpha-centractin (ACTR1A), an actin-related protein and subunit of the dynactin complex, as a potential interactor of TLR2. The interaction was validated using biochemical methods. RNA interference studies revealed an important role for ACTR1A in induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Taken together, we report that statins remodel the TLR2 interactome, and we identify ACTR1A, a part of the dynactin complex, as a novel regulator of TLR2-mediated immune signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu Hena Mostafa Kamal
- ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Texas 76019
| | - Jim J Aloor
- §Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
| | - Michael B Fessler
- §Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
| | - Saiful M Chowdhury
- ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Texas 76019.
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35
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Nguyen Q, Shiva S. Platelets: Lone Rangers of Inflammatory Signaling in the Lung. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2019; 61:139-140. [PMID: 30849231 PMCID: PMC6670034 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2019-0057ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Quyen Nguyen
- 1Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sruti Shiva
- 2Vascular Medicine Instituteand.,3Department of Pharmacology and Chemical BiologyUniversity of PittsburghPittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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36
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Assinger A, Schrottmaier WC, Salzmann M, Rayes J. Platelets in Sepsis: An Update on Experimental Models and Clinical Data. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1687. [PMID: 31379873 PMCID: PMC6650595 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Beyond their important role in hemostasis, platelets play a crucial role in inflammatory diseases. This becomes apparent during sepsis, where platelet count and activation correlate with disease outcome and survival. Sepsis is caused by a dysregulated host response to infection, leading to organ dysfunction, permanent disabilities, or death. During sepsis, tissue injury results from the concomitant uncontrolled activation of the complement, coagulation, and inflammatory systems as well as platelet dysfunction. The balance between the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and the compensatory anti-inflammatory response (CARS) regulates sepsis outcome. Persistent thrombocytopenia is considered as an independent risk factor of mortality in sepsis, although it is still unclear whether the drop in platelet count is the cause or the consequence of sepsis severity. The role of platelets in sepsis development and progression was addressed in different experimental in vivo models, particularly in mice, that represent various aspects of human sepsis. The immunomodulatory function of platelets depends on the experimental model, time, and type of infection. Understanding the molecular mechanism of platelet regulation in inflammation could bring us one step closer to understand this important aspect of primary hemostasis which drives thrombotic as well as bleeding complications in patients with sterile and infectious inflammation. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the contribution of platelets to sepsis severity and outcome. We highlight the differences between platelet receptors in mice and humans and discuss the potential and limitations of animal models to study platelet-related functions in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Assinger
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Manuel Salzmann
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julie Rayes
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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37
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Couldwell G, Machlus KR. Modulation of megakaryopoiesis and platelet production during inflammation. Thromb Res 2019; 179:114-120. [PMID: 31128560 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Megakaryocytes (MKs) are widely known as the progenitor cells of platelets. These large, polyploid cells are a derivative of the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC), and reside in the bone marrow, lining blood vessel walls where they release their platelet progeny into circulation. Although little is known about how MKs differ under various environmental stressors, both chronic and acute inflammation alter the differentiation and molecular content of MKs. Furthermore, evidence suggests that the release of inflammatory cytokines may induce MK rupture and rapid release of platelets as a mechanism to quickly replenish diminished platelet counts in response to inflammation. Similarities between MKs and their close relatives, white blood cells, have introduced the notion that MKs may play a role in combating infection by engulfing and presenting antigens, and passing this information to circulating platelets. In addition, MKs exposed to varying bone marrow environments produce different platelets which enter circulation primed to respond to and combat inflammation, infection, or injury. This review focuses on how inflammation alters MK production, maturation, and platelet production. In addition, it introduces the idea that inflammation reprograms MKs to create different, more pathogenic platelets and leads them to take on different roles as responders to deleterious conditions. In the future, studies determining how platelets are altered in disease states may lead to novel MK- and platelet-based therapeutic targets to mitigate inflammation-related morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kellie R Machlus
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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38
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Petrey AC, de la Motte CA. Hyaluronan in inflammatory bowel disease: Cross-linking inflammation and coagulation. Matrix Biol 2019; 78-79:314-323. [PMID: 29574062 PMCID: PMC6150849 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronan, a major extracellular matrix component, is an active participant in many disease states, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The synthesis of this dynamic polymer is increased at sites of inflammation. Hyaluronan together with the enzymes responsible for its synthesis, degradation, and its binding proteins, directly modulates the promotion and resolution of disease by controlling recruitment of immune cells, by release of inflammatory cytokines, and by balancing hemostasis. This review discusses the functional significance of hyaluronan in the cells and tissues involved in inflammatory bowel disease pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron C Petrey
- Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Carol A de la Motte
- Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States.
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39
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Mussbacher M, Salzmann M, Brostjan C, Hoesel B, Schoergenhofer C, Datler H, Hohensinner P, Basílio J, Petzelbauer P, Assinger A, Schmid JA. Cell Type-Specific Roles of NF-κB Linking Inflammation and Thrombosis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:85. [PMID: 30778349 PMCID: PMC6369217 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 372] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor NF-κB is a central mediator of inflammation with multiple links to thrombotic processes. In this review, we focus on the role of NF-κB signaling in cell types within the vasculature and the circulation that are involved in thrombo-inflammatory processes. All these cells express NF-κB, which mediates important functions in cellular interactions, cell survival and differentiation, as well as expression of cytokines, chemokines, and coagulation factors. Even platelets, as anucleated cells, contain NF-κB family members and their corresponding signaling molecules, which are involved in platelet activation, as well as secondary feedback circuits. The response of endothelial cells to inflammation and NF-κB activation is characterized by the induction of adhesion molecules promoting binding and transmigration of leukocytes, while simultaneously increasing their thrombogenic potential. Paracrine signaling from endothelial cells activates NF-κB in vascular smooth muscle cells and causes a phenotypic switch to a “synthetic” state associated with a decrease in contractile proteins. Monocytes react to inflammatory situations with enforced expression of tissue factor and after differentiation to macrophages with altered polarization. Neutrophils respond with an extension of their life span—and upon full activation they can expel their DNA thereby forming so-called neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which exert antibacterial functions, but also induce a strong coagulatory response. This may cause formation of microthrombi that are important for the immobilization of pathogens, a process designated as immunothrombosis. However, deregulation of the complex cellular links between inflammation and thrombosis by unrestrained NET formation or the loss of the endothelial layer due to mechanical rupture or erosion can result in rapid activation and aggregation of platelets and the manifestation of thrombo-inflammatory diseases. Sepsis is an important example of such a disorder caused by a dysregulated host response to infection finally leading to severe coagulopathies. NF-κB is critically involved in these pathophysiological processes as it induces both inflammatory and thrombotic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Mussbacher
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Manuel Salzmann
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Brostjan
- Department of Surgery, General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bastian Hoesel
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Hannes Datler
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp Hohensinner
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - José Basílio
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Petzelbauer
- Skin and Endothelial Research Division, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alice Assinger
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes A Schmid
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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40
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Cunin P, Nigrovic PA. Megakaryocytes as immune cells. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 105:1111-1121. [PMID: 30645026 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.mr0718-261rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets play well-recognized roles in inflammation, but their cell of origin-the megakaryocyte-is not typically considered an immune lineage. Megakaryocytes are large polyploid cells most commonly identified in bone marrow. Egress via sinusoids enables migration to the pulmonary capillary bed, where elaboration of platelets can continue. Beyond receptors involved in hemostasis and thrombosis, megakaryocytes express receptors that confer immune sensing capacity, including TLRs and Fc-γ receptors. They control the proliferation of hematopoietic cells, facilitate neutrophil egress from marrow, possess the capacity to cross-present antigen, and can promote systemic inflammation through microparticles rich in IL-1. Megakaryocytes internalize other hematopoietic lineages, especially neutrophils, in an intriguing cell-in-cell interaction termed emperipolesis. Together, these observations implicate megakaryocytes as direct participants in inflammation and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Cunin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peter A Nigrovic
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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42
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Haghikia A, Landmesser U. High-Density Lipoproteins: Effects on Vascular Function and Role in the Immune Response. Cardiol Clin 2018; 36:317-327. [PMID: 29609761 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccl.2017.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The focus in studies of high-density lipoproteins was on their capacity to remove excess cholesterol and deliver it to the liver. Other functions and vascular effects have been described. Clinical trials and translational/genetic studies have led to a refined understanding of the role of high-density lipoprotein; it is likely not a causal cardiovascular risk factor. In healthy subjects, it limits lipid oxidation, protects endothelial cell functions/integrity, and exerts antiinflammatory/antiapoptotic effects. In patients with coronary disease or diabetes, it undergoes modifications/remodeling, resulting in dysfunctional high-density lipoprotein. We summarize recent findings about the regulation of its function and discuss the clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Haghikia
- Department of Cardiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, Berlin 12203, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Postfach 65 21 33, Berlin 13316, Germany.
| | - Ulf Landmesser
- Department of Cardiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, Berlin 12203, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Postfach 65 21 33, Berlin 13316, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch-Straße 2, Berlin 10178, Germany
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Tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase stimulates thrombopoietin-independent hematopoiesis accelerating recovery from thrombocytopenia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E8228-E8235. [PMID: 30104364 PMCID: PMC6126720 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1807000115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) catalyze aminoacylation of tRNAs in the first step of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm. However, in higher eukaryotes, they acquired additional functions beyond translation. In the present study, we show that an activated form of tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (YRSACT) functions to enhance megakaryopoiesis and platelet production in vitro and in vivo. These findings were confirmed with human megakaryocytes differentiated from peripheral blood CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells and with human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. The activity of YRSACT is independent of thrombopoietin (TPO), as evidenced by expansion of the megakaryocytes from iPS cell-derived hematopoietic stem cells from a patient deficient in TPO signaling. These findings demonstrate a previously unrecognized function of an aaRS which may have implications for therapeutic interventions. New mechanisms behind blood cell formation continue to be uncovered, with therapeutic approaches for hematological diseases being of great interest. Here we report an enzyme in protein synthesis, known for cell-based activities beyond translation, is a factor inducing megakaryocyte-biased hematopoiesis, most likely under stress conditions. We show an activated form of tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (YRSACT), prepared either by rationally designed mutagenesis or alternative splicing, induces expansion of a previously unrecognized high-ploidy Sca-1+ megakaryocyte population capable of accelerating platelet replenishment after depletion. Moreover, YRSACT targets monocytic cells to induce secretion of transacting cytokines that enhance megakaryocyte expansion stimulating the Toll-like receptor/MyD88 pathway. Platelet replenishment by YRSACT is independent of thrombopoietin (TPO), as evidenced by expansion of the megakaryocytes from induced pluripotent stem cell-derived hematopoietic stem cells from a patient deficient in TPO signaling. We suggest megakaryocyte-biased hematopoiesis induced by YRSACT offers new approaches for treating thrombocytopenia, boosting yields from cell-culture production of platelet concentrates for transfusion, and bridging therapy for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
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Haghikia A, Landmesser U. Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Redox Signaling: Role in Atherosclerosis and Coronary Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:337-352. [PMID: 28817963 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Lipoproteins, such as low-density lipoprotein, play a causal role in the development of atherosclerosis and coronary disease. Recent Advances: Lipoproteins can stimulate vascular production of reactive oxygen species, which act as important signaling molecules in the cardiovascular system contributing to the pathophysiology of endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, and atherosclerosis. CRITICAL ISSUES Modified lipoproteins have emerged as important regulators of redox signaling, such as oxidized or carbamylated low-density lipoprotein or modified high-density lipoproteins, that contain oxidized lipids, an altered protein cargo, and associated small molecules, such as symmetric dimethylarginine. FUTURE DIRECTIONS In this review, we provide an overview on signaling pathways stimulated by modified lipoproteins in the cardiovascular system and their potential role in cardiovascular disease development. Moreover, we highlight novel aspects of how gut microbiome-related mechanisms-a growing research field-may contribute to lipoprotein modification with subsequent impact on cardiovascular redox signaling. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 29, 337-352.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Haghikia
- 1 Department of Cardiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Berlin, Germany
- 2 German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) , partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulf Landmesser
- 1 Department of Cardiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Berlin, Germany
- 2 German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) , partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- 3 Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) , Berlin, Germany
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Hottz ED, Bozza FA, Bozza PT. Platelets in Immune Response to Virus and Immunopathology of Viral Infections. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:121. [PMID: 29761104 PMCID: PMC5936789 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets are essential effector cells in hemostasis. Aside from their role in coagulation, platelets are now recognized as major inflammatory cells with key roles in the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. Activated platelets have key thromboinflammatory functions linking coagulation to immune responses in various infections, including in response to virus. Recent studies have revealed that platelets exhibit several pattern recognition receptors (PRR) including those from the toll-like receptor, NOD-like receptor, and C-type lectin receptor family and are first-line sentinels in detecting and responding to pathogens in the vasculature. Here, we review the main mechanisms of platelets interaction with viruses, including their ability to sustain viral infection and replication, their expression of specialized PRR, and activation of thromboinflammatory responses against viruses. Finally, we discuss the role of platelet-derived mediators and platelet interaction with vascular and immune cells in protective and pathophysiologic responses to dengue, influenza, and human immunodeficiency virus 1 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio D Hottz
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquimica, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Fernando A Bozza
- Laboratório de Medicina Intensiva, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto D'Or de Pesquisa e Ensino, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patrícia T Bozza
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Gutti U, Komati JK, Kotipalli A, Saladi RGV, Gutti RK. Justicia adhatoda induces megakaryocyte differentiation through mitochondrial ROS generation. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 43:135-139. [PMID: 29747746 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatoprotective activity along with improved survival percentage and hematological parameters prior to whole body irradiation were reported with Justicia adhatoda extracts. PURPOSE To evaluate the thrombopoietic potential of Justicia adhatoda L. leaf extract in megakaryocyte differentiation METHODS: Ethanol extracts were prepared using soxhlet extraction method, and IC50 value was determined. The effect of ethanol extracts obtained from Justicia adhatoda on megakaryocyte maturation and development in megakaryocytic Dami cell lines was tested. Expression of megakaryocyte specific markers, CD61 and CD41, were assessed using flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. In addition, cell cycle analysis and mitochondrial membrane potential were analyzed by flow cytometry. Gene expression analysis was performed using qRT-PCR. RESULTS At a concentration of 40 µg/ml, the leaf extracts of Justicia adhatoda for 72 h induced the megakaryocytic features in megakaryocytic Dami cell lines. The megakaryocyte specific markers, CD41 and CD61, were up-regulated (2.2 and 12.4 fold, respectively), and more number of cells entered into synthetic (S) and G2/M phase as compared with untreated cell (23.1% vs 16.6% and 70.2% vs 42.3%, respectively) showing maturation. RUNX1 (a transcription factor essential for embryonic hematopoiesis and adult megkaryocyte maturation) and c-Mpl (the receptor for TPO) were upregulated, and the suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) 1 and SOCS3 were down-regulated upon treatment with Justicia adhatoda. Justicia adhatoda enhanced mitochondrial ROS generation by 28-fold, increased the permeability of mitochondrial membrane and showed an inverse correlation in superoxide dismutase levels. CONCLUSION Justicia adhatoda could enhance mitochondrial ROS generation and increase the permeability of mitochondrial membrane, thereby inducing megakaryocytic maturation. Our findings suggest thrombopoietic potential of Justicia adhatoda leaf extract on megakaryocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usha Gutti
- Department of Biotechnology, GITAM Institute of Science, GITAM University, Visakhapatnam 530045 Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | - Jaswant Kumar Komati
- Stem Cells and Haematological Disorders Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046 Telangana, India
| | - Aneesh Kotipalli
- Stem Cells and Haematological Disorders Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046 Telangana, India
| | - Raja Gopal Venakata Saladi
- Department of Biotechnology, GITAM Institute of Science, GITAM University, Visakhapatnam 530045 Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Ravi Kumar Gutti
- Stem Cells and Haematological Disorders Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046 Telangana, India.
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Claushuis TAM, Van Der Veen AIP, Horn J, Schultz MJ, Houtkooper RH, Van 't Veer C, Van Der Poll T. Platelet Toll-like receptor expression and activation induced by lipopolysaccharide and sepsis. Platelets 2018. [PMID: 29528268 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2018.1445841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Platelets and Toll-like receptor (TLR) signalling play a role in the immune response during sepsis. Although preclinical knowledge about the role of platelet TLR signalling is increasing, data during human sepsis are less abundant. Moreover, controversy remains about the effect of the TLR4 agonist lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on platelet activation. We therefore assessed platelet TLR expression during human and murine sepsis. Moreover, we investigated the effect of TLR4 signalling on platelet activation and TLR expression. Platelets from healthy controls stimulated with LPS did not show classical platelet activation (P-selectin, CD63 and phosphatidylserine expression), potentiation of subthreshold agonist stimulation nor platelet-leukocyte complex formation. LPS stimulation however did increase maximal mitochondrial respiration in a TLR4-dependent manner. Platelet stimulation with LPS did not alter TLR expression. Platelet stimulation with thrombin receptor activating peptide increased TLR5 and TLR9, but not TLR2 or TLR4 expression. Platelets from patients with sepsis and mice with experimental sepsis showed platelet activation, but unaltered TLR expression. These results indicate that sepsis-induced platelet activation is not associated with altered platelet TLR expression and, although platelets are responsive to LPS, stimulation of platelet TLR4 does not result in classical platelet activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodora A M Claushuis
- a Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center , University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Annelou I P Van Der Veen
- b Department of Intensive Care, Academic Medical Center , University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Janneke Horn
- b Department of Intensive Care, Academic Medical Center , University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Marcus J Schultz
- b Department of Intensive Care, Academic Medical Center , University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Riekelt H Houtkooper
- c Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases , Academic Medical Center , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.,d Amsterdam Institute for Gastroenterology and Metabolism (AG&M), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis Van 't Veer
- a Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center , University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Tom Van Der Poll
- a Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center , University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.,e Division of Infectious Diseases, Academic Medical Center , University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
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Wu L, Yang L. The function and mechanism of HMGB1 in lung cancer and its potential therapeutic implications. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:6799-6805. [PMID: 29725415 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As a non-histone chromatin-associated protein, high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) performs a pivotal function in various human diseases, including autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Overexpression of HMGB1 has been demonstrated in numerous types of cancer, including breast cancer, colorectal cancer, lung cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the underlying mechanism of HMGB1 function in lung cancer remains to be elucidated. The present study aimed to analyze, and summarize the role and mechanism of HMGB1 in lung cancer by retrieving available literature regarding HMGB1 in association with lung cancer. It provides comprehensive information on the association of HMGB1 with the carcinogenesis and progression of lung cancer, and discusses the molecular mechanism of these processes. HMGB1 may induce tumorigenesis, metastasis and chemotherapy resistance in lung cancer. Overall, it is evident that HMGB1 serves an important role in the development and progression of lung cancer, and this review warrants further investigation into HMGB1 as a novel target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wu
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China.,National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University, Tiyuanbei, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tiyuanbei, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Lili Yang
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China.,National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University, Tiyuanbei, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tiyuanbei, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
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Hellen IA, Steffen M, Stocker T, Christian S. Small but mighty: Platelets as central effectors of host defense. Thromb Haemost 2017; 117:651-661. [DOI: 10.1160/th16-12-0921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
SummaryPlatelets actively participate in inflammatory processes and drive diseases such as atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis and cancer metastasis. However, platelets also have anti-inflammatory and anti-infective properties, which have received less consideration in the past. In this review, we highlight recent findings on the role of platelets in host defense and describe regulatory pathways modulating immuneresponses. Furthermore, we discuss the role of platelets for the resolution of inflammation and tissue repair. These conceptual changes contribute to our understanding of platelet biology in disease.
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50
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Zufferey A, Speck ER, Machlus KR, Aslam R, Guo L, McVey MJ, Kim M, Kapur R, Boilard E, Italiano JE, Semple JW. Mature murine megakaryocytes present antigen-MHC class I molecules to T cells and transfer them to platelets. Blood Adv 2017; 1:1773-1785. [PMID: 29296823 PMCID: PMC5728336 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2017007021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Megakaryocytes (MKs) are bone marrow-derived cells that are primarily responsible for generating platelets for the maintenance of hemostasis. Although MK can variably express major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II molecules during their differentiation, little is known whether they can elicit nonhemostatic immune functions such as T-cell activation. Here, we demonstrate that mature CD34- MHC class II- CD41+ MKs can endocytose exogenous ovalbumin (OVA) and proteolytically generate its immunogenic peptide ligand, which is crosspresented on their surface in association with MHC class I molecules. This crosspresentation triggered in vitro and in vivo OVA-specific CD8+ T-cell activation and proliferation. In addition, the OVA-MHC class I complexes were transferred from MK to pro-platelets upon thrombopoiesis in vitro. MK could also present endogenous MK-associated (CD61) peptides to activate CD61-specific CD8+ T cells and mediate immune thrombocytopenia in vivo. These results suggest that, in addition to their hemostatic role, mature MKs can significantly affect antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell responses via antigen presentation and are able to spread this immunogenic information through platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Zufferey
- Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Edwin R Speck
- Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kellie R Machlus
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Rukhsana Aslam
- Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Li Guo
- Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mark J McVey
- Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Departments of Anesthesia and Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Kim
- Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rick Kapur
- Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Canadian Blood Services, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Eric Boilard
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Département de Microbiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Joseph E Italiano
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA
| | - John W Semple
- Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Canadian Blood Services, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Departments of Pharmacology, Medicine, and Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; and
- Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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