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Duan S, Li Q, Wang F, Kuang W, Dong Y, Liu D, Wang J, Li W, Chen Q, Zeng X, Li T. Single-Cell Transcriptomes and Immune Repertoires Reveal the Cell State and Molecular Changes in Pemphigus Vulgaris. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:375-388. [PMID: 38117802 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
The etiology and pathogenesis of pemphigus vulgaris (PV) entail intricate interactions between immune cells and epithelial cells. However, the specific subtypes of immune cells involved in PV, along with their respective roles, remain elusive. Likewise, the precise functions and mechanisms by which glucocorticoids affect cell types within the disease context require further elucidation. To address these knowledge gaps, we performed 5' single-cell RNA sequencing, combined with V(D)J enrichment on buccal mucosal lesions and peripheral blood samples from treatment-naive patients with PV, in conjunction with post-treatment peripheral blood samples obtained after oral prednisone treatment. Our findings suggest that the IL-1α signaling pathway, myeloid APCs, inflammatory CD8+ resident memory T cells, and dysfunctional CD4+ regulatory T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of PV. Part of these findings were validated by immunohistochemical assays and multiplex immunofluorescence assays. Furthermore, our results highlight the significant impact of prednisone treatment on monocytes and mucosal-associated invariant T cells while revealing a limited effect on CD4+ regulatory T cells. Additionally, we present the CDR3 amino acid sequence of BCR related to PV disease and investigate the characteristics of TCR/BCR clonotypes. In conclusion, our study provides a comprehensive understanding of PV, particularly focusing on the mucosal-dominant type, and sheds light on the effects of glucocorticoids within the PV context. These insights hold promise for the development of new therapeutic strategies in this autoimmune disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumin Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qionghua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunmei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiongke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Dermatology, Rare Diseases Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Taiwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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2
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Lui PP, Ainali C, Chu CC, Terranova-Barberio M, Karagiannis P, Tewari A, Safinia N, Sharif-Paghaleh E, Tsoka S, Woszczek G, Di Meglio P, Lombardi G, Young AR, Nestle FO, Ali N. Human skin CD141 + dendritic cells regulate cutaneous immunity via the neuropeptide urocortin 2. iScience 2023; 26:108029. [PMID: 37860766 PMCID: PMC10583083 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin immune homeostasis is a multi-faceted process where dermal dendritic cells (DDCs) are key in orchestrating responses to environmental stressors. We have previously identified CD141+CD14+ DDCs as a skin-resident immunoregulatory population that is vitamin-D3 (VitD3) inducible from monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs), termed CD141hi VitD3 moDCs. We demonstrate that CD141+ DDCs and CD141hi VitD3 moDCs share key immunological features including cell surface markers, reduced T cell stimulation, IL-10 production, and a common transcriptomic signature. Bioinformatic analysis identified the neuroactive ligand receptor pathway and the neuropeptide, urocortin 2 (UCN2), as a potential immunoregulatory candidate molecule. Incubation with VitD3 upregulated UCN2 in CD141+ DCs and UVB irradiation induced UCN2 in CD141+ DCs in healthy skin in vivo. Notably, CD141+ DDC generation of suppressive Tregs was dependent upon the UCN2 pathway as in vivo administration of UCN2 reversed skin inflammation in humanized mice. We propose the neuropeptide UCN2 as a novel skin DC-derived immunoregulatory mediator with a potential role in UVB and VitD3-dependent skin immune homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prudence PokWai Lui
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Science, King’s College London, London, UK
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Chrysanthi Ainali
- St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, King’s College London and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Chung-Ching Chu
- St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, King’s College London and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Manuela Terranova-Barberio
- St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, King’s College London and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Panagiotis Karagiannis
- St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, King’s College London and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Angela Tewari
- St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, King’s College London and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Niloufar Safinia
- Institute of Liver Studies, Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, James Black Centre, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Ehsan Sharif-Paghaleh
- Department of Imaging Chemistry & Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Sophia Tsoka
- Department of Informatics, Faculty of Natural, Mathematical and Engineering Sciences, King’s College London, Bush House, London, UK
| | - Grzegorz Woszczek
- Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Paola Di Meglio
- St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, King’s College London and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Giovanna Lombardi
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Science, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Antony R. Young
- St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, King’s College London and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Frank O. Nestle
- St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, King’s College London and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Niwa Ali
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Science, King’s College London, London, UK
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
- St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, King’s College London and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
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3
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Wang E, Zhou R, Li T, Hua Y, Zhou K, Li Y, Luo S, An Q. The Molecular Role of Immune Cells in Dilated Cardiomyopathy. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1246. [PMID: 37512058 PMCID: PMC10385992 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59071246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a rare and severe condition characterized by chamber dilation and impaired contraction of the left ventricle. It constitutes a fundamental etiology for profound heart failure and abrupt cardiac demise, rendering it a prominent clinical indication for heart transplantation (HTx) among both adult and pediatric populations. DCM arises from various etiologies, including genetic variants, epigenetic disorders, infectious insults, autoimmune diseases, and cardiac conduction abnormalities. The maintenance of cardiac function involves two distinct types of immune cells: resident immune cells and recruited immune cells. Resident immune cells play a crucial role in establishing a harmonious microenvironment within the cardiac tissue. Nevertheless, in response to injury, cardiomyocytes initiate a cytokine cascade that attracts peripheral immune cells, thus perturbing this intricate equilibrium and actively participating in the initiation and pathological remodeling of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), particularly during the progression of myocardial fibrosis. Additionally, immune cells assume a pivotal role in orchestrating the inflammatory processes, which are intimately linked to the prognosis of DCM. Consequently, understanding the molecular role of various immune cells and their regulation mechanisms would provide an emerging era for managing DCM. In this review, we provide a summary of the most recent advancements in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of immune cells in DCM. Additionally, we evaluate the effectiveness and limitations of immunotherapy approaches for the treatment of DCM, with the aim of optimizing future immunotherapeutic strategies for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enping Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ruofan Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Tiange Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yimin Hua
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Kaiyu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yifei Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shuhua Luo
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qi An
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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4
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Bourque J, Hawiger D. Activation, Amplification, and Ablation as Dynamic Mechanisms of Dendritic Cell Maturation. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12050716. [PMID: 37237529 DOI: 10.3390/biology12050716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
T cell responses to cognate antigens crucially depend on the specific functionality of dendritic cells (DCs) activated in a process referred to as maturation. Maturation was initially described as alterations of the functional status of DCs in direct response to multiple extrinsic innate signals derived from foreign organisms. More recent studies, conducted mainly in mice, revealed an intricate network of intrinsic signals dependent on cytokines and various immunomodulatory pathways facilitating communication between individual DCs and other cells for the orchestration of specific maturation outcomes. These signals selectively amplify the initial activation of DCs mediated by innate factors and dynamically shape DC functionalities by ablating DCs with specific functions. Here, we discuss the effects of the initial activation of DCs that crucially includes the production of cytokine intermediaries to collectively achieve amplification of the maturation process and further precise sculpting of the functional landscapes among DCs. By emphasizing the interconnectedness of the intracellular and intercellular mechanisms, we reveal activation, amplification, and ablation as the mechanistically integrated components of the DC maturation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Bourque
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Daniel Hawiger
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
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5
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Shigehiro T, Ueno M, Kijihira M, Takahashi R, Umemura C, Taha EA, Kurosaka C, Asayama M, Murakami H, Satoh A, Nakamura Y, Futami J, Masuda J. Immune State Conversion of the Mesenteric Lymph Node in a Mouse Breast Cancer Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911035. [PMID: 36232335 PMCID: PMC9570492 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Secondary lymphoid tissues, such as the spleen and lymph nodes (LNs), contribute to breast cancer development and metastasis in both anti- and pro-tumoral directions. Although secondary lymphoid tissues have been extensively studied, very little is known about the immune conversion in mesenteric LNs (mLNs) during breast cancer development. Here, we demonstrate inflammatory immune conversion of mLNs in a metastatic 4T1 breast cancer model. Splenic T cells were significantly decreased and continuously suppressed IFN-γ production during tumor development, while myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) were dramatically enriched. However, T cell numbers in the mLN did not decrease, and the MDSCs only moderately increased. T cells in the mLN exhibited conversion from a pro-inflammatory state with high IFN-γ expression to an anti-inflammatory state with high expression of IL-4 and IL-10 in early- to late-stages of breast cancer development. Interestingly, increased migration of CD103+CD11b+ dendritic cells (DCs) into the mLN, along with increased (1→3)-β-D-glucan levels in serum, was observed even in late-stage breast cancer. This suggests that CD103+CD11b+ DCs could prime cancer-reactive T cells. Together, the data indicate that the mLN is an important lymphoid tissue contributing to breast cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Shigehiro
- Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-0022, Japan
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
- Correspondence: (T.S.); (J.M.); Tel.: +81-47-121-4060 (T.S.); +81-86-251-8003 (J.M.)
| | - Maho Ueno
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Mayumi Kijihira
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Takahashi
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Chiho Umemura
- Division of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Eman A. Taha
- Division of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Chisaki Kurosaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Megumi Asayama
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Murakami
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
- Division of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Ayano Satoh
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
- Division of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Nakamura
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Junichiro Futami
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
- Division of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Junko Masuda
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
- Division of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
- Correspondence: (T.S.); (J.M.); Tel.: +81-47-121-4060 (T.S.); +81-86-251-8003 (J.M.)
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6
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Scherm MG, Wyatt RC, Serr I, Anz D, Richardson SJ, Daniel C. Beta cell and immune cell interactions in autoimmune type 1 diabetes: How they meet and talk to each other. Mol Metab 2022; 64:101565. [PMID: 35944899 PMCID: PMC9418549 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Scope of review Major conclusions
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7
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van Pul KM, Notohardjo JCL, Fransen MF, Koster BD, Stam AGM, Chondronasiou D, Lougheed SM, Bakker J, Kandiah V, van den Tol MP, Jooss K, Vuylsteke RJCLM, van den Eertwegh AJM, de Gruijl TD. Local delivery of low-dose anti–CTLA-4 to the melanoma lymphatic basin leads to systemic T
reg
reduction and effector T cell activation. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabn8097. [DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abn8097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical studies show that locoregional CTLA-4 blockade is equally effective in inducing tumor eradication as systemic delivery, without the added risk of immune-related side effects. This efficacy is related to access of the CTLA-4 blocking antibodies to tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLNs). Local delivery of anti–CTLA-4 after surgical removal of primary melanoma, before sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB), provides a unique setting to clinically assess the role of TDLN in the biological efficacy of locoregional CTLA-4 blockade. Here, we have evaluated the safety, tolerability, and immunomodulatory effects in the SLN and peripheral blood of a single dose of tremelimumab [a fully human immunoglobulin gamma-2 (IgG2) mAb directed against CTLA-4] in a dose range of 2 to 20 mg, injected intradermally at the tumor excision site 1 week before SLNB in 13 patients with early-stage melanoma (phase 1 trial; NCT04274816). Intradermal delivery was safe and well tolerated and induced activation of migratory dendritic cell (DC) subsets in the SLN. It also induced profound and durable decreases in regulatory T cell (T
reg
) frequencies and activation of effector T cells in both SLN and peripheral blood. Moreover, systemic T cell responses against NY-ESO-1 or MART-1 were primed or boosted (
N
= 7), in association with T cell activation and central memory T cell differentiation. These findings indicate that local administration of anti–CTLA-4 may offer a safe and promising adjuvant treatment strategy for patients with early-stage melanoma. Moreover, our data demonstrate a central role for TDLN in the biological efficacy of CTLA-4 blockade and support TDLN-targeted delivery methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim M. van Pul
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit, Medical Oncology, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit, Surgical Oncology, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunology, Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jessica C. L. Notohardjo
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit, Medical Oncology, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunology, Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marieke F. Fransen
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunology, Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit, Pulmonary Diseases, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bas D. Koster
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit, Medical Oncology, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunology, Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anita G. M. Stam
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit, Medical Oncology, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunology, Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dafni Chondronasiou
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit, Medical Oncology, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunology, Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sinéad M. Lougheed
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit, Medical Oncology, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunology, Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joyce Bakker
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit, Medical Oncology, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunology, Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Vinitha Kandiah
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit, Medical Oncology, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunology, Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - M. Petrousjka van den Tol
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit, Surgical Oncology, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunology, Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Alfons J. M. van den Eertwegh
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit, Medical Oncology, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunology, Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tanja D. de Gruijl
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit, Medical Oncology, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunology, Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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8
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Iberg CA, Bourque J, Fallahee I, Son S, Hawiger D. TNF-α sculpts a maturation process in vivo by pruning tolerogenic dendritic cells. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110657. [PMID: 35417681 PMCID: PMC9113652 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It remains unclear how the pro-immunogenic maturation of conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) abrogates their tolerogenic functions. Here, we report that the loss of tolerogenic functions depends on the rapid death of BTLAhi cDC1s, which, in the steady state, are present in systemic peripheral lymphoid organs and promote tolerance that limits subsequent immune responses. A canonical inducer of maturation, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), initiates a burst of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) production and the resultant acute death of BTLAhi cDC1s mediated by tumor necrosis factor receptor 1. The ablation of these individual tolerogenic cDCs is amplified by TNF-α produced by neighboring cells. This loss of tolerogenic cDCs is transient, accentuating the restoration of homeostatic conditions through biological turnover of cDCs in vivo. Therefore, our results reveal that the abrogation of tolerogenic functions during an acute immunogenic maturation depends on an ablation of the tolerogenic cDC population, resulting in a dynamic remodeling of the cDC functional landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney A Iberg
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jessica Bourque
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ian Fallahee
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sungho Son
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Daniel Hawiger
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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9
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Bourque J, Hawiger D. Variegated Outcomes of T Cell Activation by Dendritic Cells in the Steady State. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:539-547. [PMID: 35042789 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Conventional dendritic cells (cDC) control adaptive immunity by sensing damage- and pathogen-associated molecular patterns and then inducing defined differentiation programs in T cells. Nevertheless, in the absence of specific proimmunogenic innate signals, generally referred to as the steady state, cDC also activate T cells to induce specific functional fates. Consistent with the maintenance of homeostasis, such specific outcomes of T cell activation in the steady state include T cell clonal anergy, deletion, and conversion of peripheral regulatory T cells (pTregs). However, the robust induction of protolerogenic mechanisms must be reconciled with the initiation of autoimmune responses and cancer immunosurveillance that are also observed under homeostatic conditions. Here we review the diversity of fates and functions of T cells involved in the opposing immunogenic and tolerogenic processes induced in the steady state by the relevant mechanisms of systemic cDC present in murine peripheral lymphoid organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Bourque
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Daniel Hawiger
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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10
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Bourque J, Hawiger D. Applications of Antibody-Based Antigen Delivery Targeted to Dendritic Cells In Vivo. Antibodies (Basel) 2022; 11:antib11010008. [PMID: 35225867 PMCID: PMC8884005 DOI: 10.3390/antib11010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recombinant immunoglobulins, derived from monoclonal antibodies recognizing the defined surface epitopes expressed on dendritic cells, have been employed for the past two decades to deliver antigens to dendritic cells in vivo, serving as critical tools for the investigation of the corresponding T cell responses. These approaches originated with the development of the recombinant chimeric antibody against a multilectin receptor, DEC-205, which is present on subsets of murine and human conventional dendritic cells. Following the widespread application of antigen targeting through DEC-205, similar approaches then utilized other epitopes as entry points for antigens delivered by specific antibodies to multiple types of dendritic cells. Overall, these antigen-delivery methodologies helped to reveal the mechanisms underlying tolerogenic and immunogenic T cell responses orchestrated by dendritic cells. Here, we discuss the relevant experimental strategies as well as their future perspectives, including their translational relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Hawiger
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-314-977-8875; Fax: +1-314-977-8717
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11
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Abstract
As the professional antigen-presenting cells of the immune system, dendritic cells (DCs) sense the microenvironment and shape the ensuing adaptive immune response. DCs can induce both immune activation and immune tolerance according to the peripheral cues. Recent work has established that DCs comprise several phenotypically and functionally heterogeneous subsets that differentially regulate T lymphocyte differentiation. This review summarizes both mouse and human DC subset phenotypes, development, diversification, and function. We focus on advances in our understanding of how different DC subsets regulate distinct CD4+ T helper (Th) cell differentiation outcomes, including Th1, Th2, Th17, T follicular helper, and T regulatory cells. We review DC subset intrinsic properties, local tissue microenvironments, and other immune cells that together determine Th cell differentiation during homeostasis and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyun Yin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA;
| | - Shuting Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA;
| | - Stephanie C Eisenbarth
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA;
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12
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Li Z, McCafferty KJ, Judd RL. Role of HCA 2 in Regulating Intestinal Homeostasis and Suppressing Colon Carcinogenesis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:606384. [PMID: 33708203 PMCID: PMC7940178 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.606384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2 (HCA2) is vital for sensing intermediates of metabolism, including β-hydroxybutyrate and butyrate. It also regulates profound anti-inflammatory effects in various tissues, indicating that HCA2 may serve as an essential therapeutic target for mediating inflammation-associated diseases. Butyrate and niacin, endogenous and exogenous ligands of HCA2, have been reported to play an essential role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis. HCA2, predominantly expressed in diverse immune cells, is also present in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), where it regulates the intricate communication network between diet, microbiota, and immune cells. This review summarizes the physiological role of HCA2 in intestinal homeostasis and its pathological role in intestinal inflammation and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoyue Li
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Kayleen J McCafferty
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Robert L Judd
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
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13
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Rahikkala A, Fontana F, Bauleth-Ramos T, Correia A, Kemell M, Seitsonen J, Mäkilä E, Sarmento B, Salonen J, Ruokolainen J, Hirvonen J, Santos HA. Hybrid red blood cell membrane coated porous silicon nanoparticles functionalized with cancer antigen induce depletion of T cells. RSC Adv 2020; 10:35198-35205. [PMID: 35515680 PMCID: PMC9056825 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05900e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythrocyte-based drug delivery systems have been investigated for their biocompatibility, long circulation time, and capability to transport cargo all around the body, thus presenting enormous potential in medical applications. In this study, we investigated hybrid nanoparticles consisting of nano-sized autologous or allogeneic red blood cell (RBC) membranes encapsulating porous silicon nanoparticles (PSi NPs). These NPs were functionalized with a model cancer antigen TRP2, which was either expressed on the surface of the RBCs by a cell membrane-mimicking block copolymer polydimethylsiloxane-b-poly-2-methyl-2-oxazoline, or attached on the PSi NPs, thus hidden within the encapsulation. When in the presence of peripheral blood immune cells, these NPs resulted in apoptotic cell death of T cells, where the NPs having TRP2 within the encapsulation led to a stronger T cell deletion. The deletion of the T cells did not change the relative proportion of CD4+ and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. Overall, this work shows the combination of nano-sized RBCs, PSi, and antigenic peptides may have use in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. We report a study on the effect of red blood cell membrane based cancer antigen-functionalized nanoparticles on peripheral blood T cells. These nanoparticles induce apoptosis of T cells and they may have use in treating autoimmune diseases.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Antti Rahikkala
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki FI-00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Flavia Fontana
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki FI-00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Tomás Bauleth-Ramos
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), University of Porto Rua Alfredo Allen, 208 4200-135 Porto Portugal.,Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), University of Porto Rua Alfredo Allen, 208 4200-135 Porto Portugal.,Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto Rua Jorge Viterbo 228 4150-180 Porto Portugal
| | - Alexandra Correia
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki FI-00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Marianna Kemell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki FI-00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Jani Seitsonen
- Nanomicroscopy Center, Aalto University FI-02150 Espoo Finland
| | - Ermei Mäkilä
- Laboratory of Industrial Physics, Department of Physics, University of Turku FI-20014 Turku Finland
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde 4585-116 Gandra Portugal
| | - Jarno Salonen
- Laboratory of Industrial Physics, Department of Physics, University of Turku FI-20014 Turku Finland
| | | | - Jouni Hirvonen
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki FI-00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Hélder A Santos
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki FI-00014 Helsinki Finland .,Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki FI-00014 Helsinki Finland
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14
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Piseddu I, Röhrle N, Knott MML, Moder S, Eiber S, Schnell K, Vetter V, Meyer B, Layritz P, Kühnemuth B, Wiedemann GM, Gruen J, Perleberg C, Rapp M, Endres S, Anz D. Constitutive Expression of CCL22 Is Mediated by T Cell-Derived GM-CSF. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:2056-2065. [PMID: 32907996 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
CCL22 is a key mediator of leukocyte trafficking in inflammatory immune responses, allergy, and cancer. It acts by attracting regulatory T cells and Th2 cells via their receptor CCR type 4 (CCR4). Beyond its role in inflammation, CCL22 is constitutively expressed at high levels in lymphoid organs during homeostasis, where it controls immunity by recruiting regulatory T cells to dendritic cells (DCs). In this study, we aimed to identify the mechanisms responsible for constitutive CCL22 expression. We confirmed that CD11c+ DCs are the exclusive producers of CCL22 in secondary lymphatic organs during homeostasis. We show that in vitro both murine splenocytes and human PBMCs secrete CCL22 spontaneously without any further stimulation. Interestingly, isolated DCs alone, however, are unable to produce CCL22, but instead require T cell help. In vitro, only the coculture of DCs with T cells or their supernatants resulted in CCL22 secretion, and we identified T cell-derived GM-CSF as the major inducer of DC-derived CCL22 expression. In vivo, Rag1 -/- mice, which lack functional T cells, have low CCL22 levels in lymphoid organs, and this can be restored by adoptive transfer of wild-type T cells or administration of GM-CSF. Taken together, we uncover T cell-derived GM-CSF as a key inducer of the chemokine CCL22 and thus, to our knowledge, identify a novel role for this cytokine as a central regulator of immunity in lymphatic organs. This knowledge could contribute to the development of new therapeutic interventions in cancer and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignazio Piseddu
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Natascha Röhrle
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Martin Ludwig Knott
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Moder
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan Eiber
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Konstantin Schnell
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Viola Vetter
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Bastian Meyer
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Patrick Layritz
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Benjamin Kühnemuth
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Gabriela Maria Wiedemann
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany; and
| | - Juliane Gruen
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Carolin Perleberg
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Moritz Rapp
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Endres
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - David Anz
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany; .,Department of Internal Medicine II (Gastroenterology and Hepatology), University Hospital of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
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15
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Harnessing the Complete Repertoire of Conventional Dendritic Cell Functions for Cancer Immunotherapy. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12070663. [PMID: 32674488 PMCID: PMC7408110 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12070663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The onset of checkpoint inhibition revolutionized the treatment of cancer. However, studies from the last decade suggested that the sole enhancement of T cell functionality might not suffice to fight malignancies in all individuals. Dendritic cells (DCs) are not only part of the innate immune system, but also generals of adaptive immunity and they orchestrate the de novo induction of tolerogenic and immunogenic T cell responses. Thus, combinatorial approaches addressing DCs and T cells in parallel represent an attractive strategy to achieve higher response rates across patients. However, this requires profound knowledge about the dynamic interplay of DCs, T cells, other immune and tumor cells. Here, we summarize the DC subsets present in mice and men and highlight conserved and divergent characteristics between different subsets and species. Thereby, we supply a resource of the molecular players involved in key functional features of DCs ranging from their sentinel function, the translation of the sensed environment at the DC:T cell interface to the resulting specialized T cell effector modules, as well as the influence of the tumor microenvironment on the DC function. As of today, mostly monocyte derived dendritic cells (moDCs) are used in autologous cell therapies after tumor antigen loading. While showing encouraging results in a fraction of patients, the overall clinical response rate is still not optimal. By disentangling the general aspects of DC biology, we provide rationales for the design of next generation DC vaccines enabling to exploit and manipulate the described pathways for the purpose of cancer immunotherapy in vivo. Finally, we discuss how DC-based vaccines might synergize with checkpoint inhibition in the treatment of malignant diseases.
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16
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Abstract
T cell-mediated elimination of malignant cells is one cornerstone of endogenous and therapeutically induced antitumor immunity. Tumors exploit numerous regulatory mechanisms to suppress T cell immunity. Regulatory T cells (T regs) play a crucial role in this process due to their ability to inhibit antitumoral immune responses and they are known to accumulate in various cancer entities. The chemokine CCL22, predominately produced by dendritic cells (DCs), regulates T reg migration via binding to its receptor CCR4. CCL22 controls T cell immunity, both by recruiting T regs to the tumor tissue and by promoting the formation of DC-T reg contacts in the lymph node. Here, we review the current knowledge on the role of CCL22 in cancer immunity. After revising the principal mechanisms of CCL22-induced immune suppression, we address the factors leading to CCL22 expression and ways of targeting this chemokine therapeutically. Therapeutic interventions to the CCL22-CCR4 axis may represent a promising strategy in cancer immunotherapy.
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17
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The Innate Immune Cell Profile of the Cornea Predicts the Onset of Ocular Surface Inflammatory Disorders. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8122110. [PMID: 31810226 PMCID: PMC6947418 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8122110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocular surface inflammatory disorder (OSID) is a spectrum of disorders that have features of several etiologies whilst displaying similar phenotypic signs of ocular inflammation. They are complicated disorders with underlying mechanisms related to several autoimmune disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Sjögren’s syndrome, and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Current literature shows the involvement of both innate and adaptive arms of the immune system in ocular surface inflammation. The ocular surface contains distinct components of the immune system in the conjunctiva and the cornea. The normal conjunctiva epithelium and sub-epithelial stroma contains resident immune cells, such as T cells, B cells (adaptive), dendritic cells, and macrophages (innate). The relative sterile environment of the cornea is achieved by the tolerogenic properties of dendritic cells in the conjunctiva, the presence of regulatory lymphocytes, and the existence of soluble immunosuppressive factors, such as the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and macrophage migration inhibitory factors. With the presence of both innate and adaptive immune system components, it is intriguing to investigate the most important leukocyte population in the ocular surface, which is involved in immune surveillance. Our meta-analysis investigates into this with a focus on both infectious (contact lens wear, corneal graft rejection, Cytomegalovirus, keratitis, scleritis, ocular surgery) and non-infectious (dry eye disease, glaucoma, graft-vs-host disease, Sjögren’s syndrome) situations. We have found the predominance of dendritic cells in ocular surface diseases, along with the Th-related cytokines. Our goal is to improve the knowledge of immune cells in OSID and to open new dimensions in the field. The purpose of this study is not to limit ourselves in the ocular system, but to investigate the importance of dendritic cells in the disorders of other mucosal organs (e.g., lungs, gut, uterus). Holistically, we want to investigate if this is a common trend in the initiation of any disease related to the mucosal organs and find a unified therapeutic approach. In addition, we want to show the power of computational approaches to foster a collaboration between computational and biological science.
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18
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Amon L, Lehmann CHK, Baranska A, Schoen J, Heger L, Dudziak D. Transcriptional control of dendritic cell development and functions. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 349:55-151. [PMID: 31759434 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are major regulators of adaptive immunity, as they are not only capable to induce efficient immune responses, but are also crucial to maintain peripheral tolerance and thereby inhibit autoimmune reactions. DCs bridge the innate and the adaptive immune system by presenting peptides of self and foreign antigens as peptide MHC complexes to T cells. These properties render DCs as interesting target cells for immunomodulatory therapies in cancer, but also autoimmune diseases. Several subsets of DCs with special properties and functions have been described. Recent achievements in understanding transcriptional programs on single cell level, together with the generation of new murine models targeting specific DC subsets, advanced our current understanding of DC development and function. Thus, DCs arise from precursor cells in the bone marrow with distinct progenitor cell populations splitting the monocyte populations and macrophage populations from the DC lineage, which upon lineage commitment can be separated into conventional cDC1, cDC2, and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs). The DC populations harbor intrinsic programs enabling them to react for specific pathogens in dependency on the DC subset, and thereby orchestrate T cell immune responses. Similarities, but also varieties, between human and murine DC subpopulations are challenging, and will require further investigation of human specimens under consideration of the influence of the tissue micromilieu and DC subset localization in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Amon
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian H K Lehmann
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anna Baranska
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Janina Schoen
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lukas Heger
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Diana Dudziak
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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19
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Galea R, Nel HJ, Talekar M, Liu X, Ooi JD, Huynh M, Hadjigol S, Robson KJ, Ting YT, Cole S, Cochlin K, Hitchcock S, Zeng B, Yekollu S, Boks M, Goh N, Roberts H, Rossjohn J, Reid HH, Boyd BJ, Malaviya R, Shealy DJ, Baker DG, Madakamutil L, Kitching AR, O'Sullivan BJ, Thomas R. PD-L1- and calcitriol-dependent liposomal antigen-specific regulation of systemic inflammatory autoimmune disease. JCI Insight 2019; 4:126025. [PMID: 31487265 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.126025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases resulting from MHC class II-restricted autoantigen-specific T cell immunity include the systemic inflammatory autoimmune conditions rheumatoid arthritis and vasculitis. While currently treated with broad-acting immunosuppressive drugs, a preferable strategy is to regulate antigen-specific effector T cells (Teffs) to restore tolerance by exploiting DC antigen presentation. We targeted draining lymph node (dLN) phagocytic DCs using liposomes encapsulating 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol) and antigenic peptide to elucidate mechanisms of tolerance used by DCs and responding T cells under resting and immunized conditions. PD-L1 expression was upregulated in dLNs of immunized relative to naive mice. Subcutaneous administration of liposomes encapsulating OVA323-339 and calcitriol targeted dLN PD-L1hi DCs of immunized mice and reduced their MHC class II expression. OVA323-339/calcitriol liposomes suppressed expansion, differentiation, and function of Teffs and induced Foxp3+ and IL-10+ peripheral Tregs in an antigen-specific manner, which was dependent on PD-L1. Peptide/calcitriol liposomes modulated CD40 expression by human DCs and promoted Treg induction in vitro. Liposomes encapsulating calcitriol and disease-associated peptides suppressed the severity of rheumatoid arthritis and Goodpasture's vasculitis models with suppression of antigen-specific memory T cell differentiation and function. Accordingly, peptide/calcitriol liposomes leverage DC PD-L1 for antigen-specific T cell regulation and induce antigen-specific tolerance in inflammatory autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Galea
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hendrik J Nel
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Meghna Talekar
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Xiao Liu
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Joshua D Ooi
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Megan Huynh
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sara Hadjigol
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kate J Robson
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yi Tian Ting
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Suzanne Cole
- Discovery Immunology, Janssen Research & Development LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Karyn Cochlin
- Discovery Immunology, Janssen Research & Development LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shannon Hitchcock
- Discovery Immunology, Janssen Research & Development LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bijun Zeng
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Suman Yekollu
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Martine Boks
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Natalie Goh
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Hugh H Reid
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ben J Boyd
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ravi Malaviya
- Discovery Immunology, Janssen Research & Development LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David J Shealy
- Discovery Immunology, Janssen Research & Development LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniel G Baker
- Discovery Immunology, Janssen Research & Development LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Loui Madakamutil
- Discovery Immunology, Janssen Research & Development LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - A Richard Kitching
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Departments of Nephrology and Paediatric Nephrology, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brendan J O'Sullivan
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ranjeny Thomas
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
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20
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Ovcinnikovs V, Ross EM, Petersone L, Edner NM, Heuts F, Ntavli E, Kogimtzis A, Kennedy A, Wang CJ, Bennett CL, Sansom DM, Walker LSK. CTLA-4-mediated transendocytosis of costimulatory molecules primarily targets migratory dendritic cells. Sci Immunol 2019; 4:eaaw0902. [PMID: 31152091 PMCID: PMC6570622 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aaw0902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CTLA-4 is a critical negative regulator of the immune system and a major target for immunotherapy. However, precisely how it functions in vivo to maintain immune homeostasis is not clear. As a highly endocytic molecule, CTLA-4 can capture costimulatory ligands from opposing cells by a process of transendocytosis (TE). By restricting costimulatory ligand expression in this manner, CTLA-4 controls the CD28-dependent activation of T cells. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) constitutively express CTLA-4 at high levels and, in its absence, show defects in TE and suppressive function. Activated conventional T cells (Tconv) are also capable of CTLA-4-dependent TE; however, the relative use of this mechanism by Tregs and Tconv in vivo remains unclear. Here, we set out to characterize both the perpetrators and cellular targets of CTLA-4 TE in vivo. We found that Tregs showed constitutive cell surface recruitment of CTLA-4 ex vivo and performed TE rapidly after TCR stimulation. Tregs outperformed activated Tconv at TE in vivo, and expression of ICOS marked Tregs with this capability. Using TCR transgenic Tregs that recognize a protein expressed in the pancreas, we showed that the presentation of tissue-derived self-antigen could trigger Tregs to capture costimulatory ligands in vivo. Last, we identified migratory dendritic cells (DCs) as the major target for Treg-based CTLA-4-dependent regulation in the steady state. These data support a model in which CTLA-4 expressed on Tregs dynamically regulates the phenotype of DCs trafficking to lymph nodes from peripheral tissues in an antigen-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitalijs Ovcinnikovs
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London Division of Infection and Immunity, Royal Free Campus, NW3 2PF London , UK
| | - Ellen M Ross
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London Division of Infection and Immunity, Royal Free Campus, NW3 2PF London , UK
| | - Lina Petersone
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London Division of Infection and Immunity, Royal Free Campus, NW3 2PF London , UK
| | - Natalie M Edner
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London Division of Infection and Immunity, Royal Free Campus, NW3 2PF London , UK
| | - Frank Heuts
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London Division of Infection and Immunity, Royal Free Campus, NW3 2PF London , UK
| | - Elisavet Ntavli
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London Division of Infection and Immunity, Royal Free Campus, NW3 2PF London , UK
| | - Alexandros Kogimtzis
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London Division of Infection and Immunity, Royal Free Campus, NW3 2PF London , UK
| | - Alan Kennedy
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London Division of Infection and Immunity, Royal Free Campus, NW3 2PF London , UK
| | - Chun Jing Wang
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London Division of Infection and Immunity, Royal Free Campus, NW3 2PF London , UK
| | - Clare L Bennett
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London Division of Infection and Immunity, Royal Free Campus, NW3 2PF London , UK
- Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, Royal Free Campus, NW3 2PF London, UK
| | - David M Sansom
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London Division of Infection and Immunity, Royal Free Campus, NW3 2PF London , UK
| | - Lucy S K Walker
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London Division of Infection and Immunity, Royal Free Campus, NW3 2PF London , UK.
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21
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Rapp M, Wintergerst MWM, Kunz WG, Vetter VK, Knott MML, Lisowski D, Haubner S, Moder S, Thaler R, Eiber S, Meyer B, Röhrle N, Piseddu I, Grassmann S, Layritz P, Kühnemuth B, Stutte S, Bourquin C, von Andrian UH, Endres S, Anz D. CCL22 controls immunity by promoting regulatory T cell communication with dendritic cells in lymph nodes. J Exp Med 2019; 216:1170-1181. [PMID: 30910796 PMCID: PMC6504218 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20170277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapp et al. demonstrate that dendritic cells in the lymph node secrete CCL22 to build cell–cell contacts with CCR4-expressing regulatory T cells, leading to immune suppression. Conversely, CCL22 deficiency results in enhanced T cell immunity, shown here in the setting of vaccination, cancer, and inflammatory disease. Chemokines have crucial roles in organ development and orchestration of leukocyte migration. The chemokine CCL22 is expressed constitutively at high levels in the lymph node, but the functional significance of this expression is so far unknown. Studying a newly established CCL22-deficient mouse, we demonstrate that CCL22 expression by dendritic cells (DCs) promotes the formation of cell–cell contacts and interaction with regulatory T cells (T reg) through their CCR4 receptor. Vaccination of CCL22-deficient mice led to excessive T cell responses that were also observed when wild-type mice were vaccinated using CCL22-deficient DCs. Tumor-bearing mice with CCL22 deficiency showed prolonged survival upon vaccination, and further, CCL22-deficient mice had increased susceptibility to inflammatory disease. In conclusion, we identify the CCL22–CCR4 axis as an immune checkpoint that is crucial for the control of T cell immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Rapp
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian W M Wintergerst
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang G Kunz
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Viola K Vetter
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Max M L Knott
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Dominik Lisowski
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sascha Haubner
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Moder
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Raffael Thaler
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan Eiber
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Bastian Meyer
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Natascha Röhrle
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ignazio Piseddu
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Grassmann
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Patrick Layritz
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Benjamin Kühnemuth
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Susanne Stutte
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Carole Bourquin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Anaesthetics, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergencies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ulrich H von Andrian
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA .,The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard, Boston, MA
| | - Stefan Endres
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - David Anz
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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22
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Van der Borght K, Scott CL, Martens L, Sichien D, Van Isterdael G, Nindl V, Saeys Y, Boon L, Ludewig B, Gillebert TC, Lambrecht BN. Myocarditis Elicits Dendritic Cell and Monocyte Infiltration in the Heart and Self-Antigen Presentation by Conventional Type 2 Dendritic Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2714. [PMID: 30524444 PMCID: PMC6258766 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune myocarditis often leads to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Although T cell reactivity to cardiac self-antigen is common in the disease, it is unknown which antigen presenting cell (APC) triggers autoimmunity. Experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) was induced by immunizing mice with α-myosin loaded bone marrow APCs cultured in GM-CSF. APCs found in such cultures include conventional type 2 CD11b+ cDCs (GM-cDC2s) and monocyte-derived cells (GM-MCs). However, only α-myosin loaded GM-cDC2s could induce EAM. We also studied antigen presenting capacity of endogenous type 1 CD24+ cDCs (cDC1s), cDC2s, and MCs for α-myosin-specific TCR-transgenic TCR-M CD4+ T cells. After EAM induction, all cardiac APCs significantly increased and cDCs migrated to the heart-draining mediastinal lymph node (LN). Primarily cDC2s presented α-myosin to TCR-M cells and induced Th1/Th17 differentiation. Loss of IRF4 in Irf4fl/fl.Cd11cCre mice reduced MHCII expression on GM-cDC2s in vitro and cDC2 migration in vivo. However, partly defective cDC2 functions in Irf4fl/fl.Cd11cCre mice did not suppress EAM. MCs were the largest APC subset in the inflamed heart and produced pro-inflammatory cytokines. Targeting APC populations could be exploited in the design of new therapies for cardiac autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrien Van der Borght
- Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Charlotte L Scott
- Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Liesbet Martens
- Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dorine Sichien
- Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gert Van Isterdael
- Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Veronika Nindl
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Yvan Saeys
- Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Burkhard Ludewig
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | | | - Bart N Lambrecht
- Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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23
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Huang Y, Xu H, Miller T, Wen Y, Ildstad ST. Fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3-Ligand Contributes to the Development and Function of the Subpopulation of CD8α + Plasmacytoid Precursor Dendritic Cells in CD8 + /TCR - Facilitating Cells. Stem Cells 2018; 36:1567-1577. [PMID: 30004616 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Facilitating cells (FC) are a CD8+ TCR- bone marrow subpopulation that enhance engraftment of purified hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and induce antigen-specific CD4+ CD25+ FoxP3+ regulatory T cell (Treg) in vivo. The major subpopulation in FC resembles plasmacytoid precursor dendritic cells (p-preDC) both phenotypically and functionally. Here, we report that the number of FC was significantly reduced in Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3-ligand-knockout (Flt3-L-KO) mice. Specifically, there was a selective decrease in the B220+ CD11c+ CD11b- p-preDC FC subpopulation. The p-preDC FC subpopulation in FC total is restored after Flt3-L administration to Flt3-L-KO mice. FC from Flt3-L-KO donors exhibit impaired facilitation of allogeneic HSC engraftment in ablatively conditioned mice (B6 → NOD) as well as in mice conditioned with reduced intensity conditioning (B6 → BALB/c). In addition, the number of CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ Treg from Flt3-L-KO mice is significantly decreased. This was associated with the expression of chemokine receptor CXCR3+ or CCR5+ on Treg. Treg from the spleen of Flt3-L-KO mice showed impaired facilitation of engraftment of allogeneic HSC compared to wild-type Treg. Flt3-L treatment significantly expanded Treg, and restored their facilitating function. These results suggest that Flt3-L is an important growth factor in the development and homeostasis of p-preDC FC and in the role of FC inducing generation of Treg. Flt3-L provides potent immunoregulatory properties that may be clinically useful to improve tolerance induction and enhance the function of allogeneic cell therapies. Stem Cells 2018;36:1567-1577.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Huang
- Institute for Cellular Therapeutics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Hong Xu
- Institute for Cellular Therapeutics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Thomas Miller
- Institute for Cellular Therapeutics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Yujie Wen
- Institute for Cellular Therapeutics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Suzanne T Ildstad
- Institute for Cellular Therapeutics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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24
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Gornati L, Zanoni I, Granucci F. Dendritic Cells in the Cross Hair for the Generation of Tailored Vaccines. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1484. [PMID: 29997628 PMCID: PMC6030256 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines represent the discovery of utmost importance for global health, due to both prophylactic action to prevent infections and therapeutic intervention in neoplastic diseases. Despite this, current vaccination strategies need to be refined to successfully generate robust protective antigen-specific memory immune responses. To address this issue, one possibility is to exploit the high efficiency of dendritic cells (DCs) as antigen-presenting cells for T cell priming. DCs functional plasticity allows shaping the outcome of immune responses to achieve the required type of immunity. Therefore, the choice of adjuvants to guide and sustain DCs maturation, the design of multifaceted vehicles, and the choice of surface molecules to specifically target DCs represent the key issues currently explored in both preclinical and clinical settings. Here, we review advances in DCs-based vaccination approaches, which exploit direct in vivo DCs targeting and activation options. We also discuss the recent findings for efficient antitumor DCs-based vaccinations and combination strategies to reduce the immune tolerance promoted by the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gornati
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Ivan Zanoni
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,Division of Gastroenterology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Francesca Granucci
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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25
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Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Antagonism Reveals a Gut/Lung Axis That Amplifies Regulatory T Cells in a Pulmonary Fungal Infection. Infect Immun 2018; 86:IAI.00109-18. [PMID: 29581197 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00109-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonists are popular therapies for inflammatory diseases. These agents enhance the numbers and function of regulatory T cells (Tregs), which are important in controlling inflammatory diseases. However, elevated Treg levels increase susceptibility to infections, including histoplasmosis. We determined the mechanism by which Tregs expand in TNF-neutralized mice infected with Histoplasma capsulatum Lung CD11c+ CD11b+ dendritic cells (DCs), but not alveolar macrophages, from H. capsulatum-infected mice treated with anti-TNF induced a higher percentage of Tregs than control DCs in vitro CD11b+ CD103+ DCs, understood to be unique to the intestines, were augmented in lungs with anti-TNF treatment. In the absence of this subset, DCs from anti-TNF-treated mice failed to amplify Tregs in vitro CD11b+ CD103+ DCs from TNF-neutralized mice displayed higher retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (RALDH2) gene expression, and CD11b+ CD103+ RALDH+ DCs exhibited greater enzyme activity. To determine if CD11b+ CD103+ DCs migrated from gut to lung, fluorescent beads were delivered to the gut via oral gavage, and the lungs were assessed for bead-containing DCs. Anti-TNF induced migration of CD11b+ CD103+ DCs from the gut to the lung that enhanced the generation of Tregs in H. capsulatum-infected mice. Therefore, TNF neutralization promotes susceptibility to pulmonary H. capsulatum infection by promoting a gut/lung migration of DCs that enhances Tregs.
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26
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Goyal G, Wong K, Nirschl CJ, Souders N, Neuberg D, Anandasabapathy N, Dranoff G. PPARγ Contributes to Immunity Induced by Cancer Cell Vaccines That Secrete GM-CSF. Cancer Immunol Res 2018; 6:723-732. [PMID: 29669721 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-17-0612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) is a lipid-activated nuclear receptor that promotes immune tolerance through effects on macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), and regulatory T cells (Tregs). Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) induces PPARγ expression in multiple myeloid cell types. GM-CSF contributes to both immune tolerance and protection, but the role of PPARγ in these pathways is poorly understood. Here, we reveal an unexpected stimulatory role for PPARγ in the generation of antitumor immunity with irradiated, GM-CSF-secreting tumor-cell vaccines (GVAX). Mice harboring a deletion of pparg in lysozyme M (LysM)-expressing myeloid cells (KO) showed a decreased ratio of CD8+ T effectors to Tregs and impaired tumor rejection with GVAX. Diminished tumor protection was associated with altered DC responses and increased production of the Treg attracting chemokines CCL17 and CLL22. Correspondingly, the systemic administration of PPARγ agonists to vaccinated mice elevated the CD8+ T effector to Treg ratio through effects on myeloid cells and intensified the antitumor activity of GVAX combined with cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 antibody blockade. PPARγ agonists similarly attenuated Treg induction and decreased CCL17 and CCL22 levels in cultures of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells with GM-CSF-secreting tumor cells. Together, these results highlight a key role for myeloid cell PPARγ in GM-CSF-stimulated antitumor immunity and suggest that PPARγ agonists might be useful in cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Res; 6(6); 723-32. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girija Goyal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Karrie Wong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christopher J Nirschl
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nicholas Souders
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Donna Neuberg
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Niroshana Anandasabapathy
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Glenn Dranoff
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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27
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Vendelova E, Ashour D, Blank P, Erhard F, Saliba AE, Kalinke U, Lutz MB. Tolerogenic Transcriptional Signatures of Steady-State and Pathogen-Induced Dendritic Cells. Front Immunol 2018. [PMID: 29541071 PMCID: PMC5835767 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are key directors of tolerogenic and immunogenic immune responses. During the steady state, DCs maintain T cell tolerance to self-antigens by multiple mechanisms including inducing anergy, deletion, and Treg activity. All of these mechanisms help to prevent autoimmune diseases or other hyperreactivities. Different DC subsets contribute to pathogen recognition by expression of different subsets of pattern recognition receptors, including Toll-like receptors or C-type lectins. In addition to the triggering of immune responses in infected hosts, most pathogens have evolved mechanisms for evasion of targeted responses. One such strategy is characterized by adopting the host’s T cell tolerance mechanisms. Understanding these tolerogenic mechanisms is of utmost importance for therapeutic approaches to treat immune pathologies, tumors and infections. Transcriptional profiling has developed into a potent tool for DC subset identification. Here, we review and compile pathogen-induced tolerogenic transcriptional signatures from mRNA profiling data of currently available bacterial- or helminth-induced transcriptional signatures. We compare them with signatures of tolerogenic steady-state DC subtypes to identify common and divergent strategies of pathogen induced immune evasion. Candidate molecules are discussed in detail. Our analysis provides further insights into tolerogenic DC signatures and their exploitation by different pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Vendelova
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Diyaaeldin Ashour
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Blank
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and the Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Florian Erhard
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Ulrich Kalinke
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and the Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Manfred B Lutz
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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28
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Shin W, Jeon Y, Choi I, Kim YJ. V-set and Ig domain-containing 4 (VSIG4)-expressing hepatic F4/80 + cells regulate oral antigen-specific responses in mouse. Eur J Immunol 2017; 48:632-643. [PMID: 29235119 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201747212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Oral tolerance can prevent unnecessary immune responses against dietary antigens. Members of the B7 protein family play critical roles in the positive and/or negative regulation of T cell responses to interactions between APCs and T cells. V-set and Ig domain-containing 4 (VSIG4), a B7-related co-signaling molecule, has been known to act as a co-inhibitory ligand and may be critical in establishing immune tolerance. Therefore, we investigated the regulation of VSIG4 signaling in a food allergy and experimental oral tolerance murine models. We analyzed the contributions of the two main sites involved in oral tolerance, the mesenteric lymph node (MLN) and the liver, in VSIG4-mediated oral tolerance induction. Through the comparative analysis of major APCs, dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages, we found that Kupffer cells play a critical role in inducing regulatory T cells (Tregs) and establishing immune tolerance against oral antigens via VSIG4 signaling. Taken together, these results suggest the possibility of VSIG4 signaling-based regulation of orally administered antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonhwa Shin
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Inje University, Gimhae, Korea
| | - Youkyoung Jeon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Advanced Research Center for Multiple Myeloma, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Inhak Choi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Advanced Research Center for Multiple Myeloma, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Yeon-Jeong Kim
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Inje University, Gimhae, Korea.,Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Research, Inje University, Gimhae, Korea
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29
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Kaisar MMM, Pelgrom LR, van der Ham AJ, Yazdanbakhsh M, Everts B. Butyrate Conditions Human Dendritic Cells to Prime Type 1 Regulatory T Cells via both Histone Deacetylase Inhibition and G Protein-Coupled Receptor 109A Signaling. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1429. [PMID: 29163504 PMCID: PMC5670331 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, it has become clear that short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and in particular butyrate, have anti-inflammatory properties. Murine studies have shown that butyrate can promote regulatory T cells via the induction of tolerogenic dendritic cells (DCs). However, the effects of SCFAs on human DCs and how they affect their capacity to prime and polarize T-cell responses have not been addressed. Here, we report that butyrate suppresses LPS-induced maturation and metabolic reprogramming of human monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs) and conditions them to polarize naive CD4+ T cells toward IL-10-producing type 1 regulatory T cells (Tr1). This effect was dependent on induction of the retinoic acid-producing enzyme retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 1 in DCs. The induction of retinaldehyde dehydrogenase activity and Tr1 cell differentiation by butyrate was dependent on simultaneous inhibition of histone deacetylases and signaling through G protein-coupled receptor 109A. Taken together, we reveal that butyrate is a potent inducer of tolerogenic human DCs, thereby shedding new light on the cellular and molecular mechanisms through which SCFAs can exert their immunomodulatory effects in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M M Kaisar
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Leonard R Pelgrom
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Alwin J van der Ham
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Maria Yazdanbakhsh
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Bart Everts
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
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30
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Audiger C, Rahman MJ, Yun TJ, Tarbell KV, Lesage S. The Importance of Dendritic Cells in Maintaining Immune Tolerance. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:2223-2231. [PMID: 28264998 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Immune tolerance is necessary to prevent the immune system from reacting against self, and thus to avoid the development of autoimmune diseases. In this review, we discuss key findings that position dendritic cells (DCs) as critical modulators of both thymic and peripheral immune tolerance. Although DCs are important for inducing both immunity and tolerance, increased autoimmunity associated with decreased DCs suggests their nonredundant role in tolerance induction. DC-mediated T cell immune tolerance is an active process that is influenced by genetic variants, environmental signals, as well as the nature of the specific DC subset presenting Ag to T cells. Answering the many open questions with regard to the role of DCs in immune tolerance could lead to the development of novel therapies for the prevention of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Audiger
- Department of Immunology-Oncology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada.,Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - M Jubayer Rahman
- Immune Tolerance Section, Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Tae Jin Yun
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology, Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H2W 1R7, Canada; and.,Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Kristin V Tarbell
- Immune Tolerance Section, Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Sylvie Lesage
- Department of Immunology-Oncology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada; .,Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
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31
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Inflammatory monocytes regulate Th1 oriented immunity to CpG adjuvanted protein vaccines through production of IL-12. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5986. [PMID: 28729715 PMCID: PMC5519561 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06236-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their capacity to skew T cell responses towards Th1 oriented immunity, oligonucleotides containing unmethylated CpG motifs (CpG) have emerged as interesting adjuvants for vaccination. Whereas the signalling pathways in response to CpG mediated TLR9 activation have been extensively documented at the level of the individual cell, little is however known on the precise identity of the innate immune cells that govern T cell priming and polarisation to CpG adjuvanted protein antigens in vivo. In this study, we demonstrate that optimal induction of Th1 oriented immunity to CpG adjuvanted protein vaccines requires the coordinated actions of conventional DCs and of monocytes. Whilst conventional DCs were required for antigen presentation and initial T cell priming, monocytes constitute the main source of the Th1 polarising cytokine IL-12.
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Abstract
This review aims to address the mechanisms of compromised immune tolerance contributing to the development and maintenance of Alopecia Areata (AA). Our goal is to also highlight future treatment opportunities and therapeutics that will safely and efficiently restore hair growth and maintain patients in remission. AA is a presumptive autoimmune disorder that coincides and genetically clusters to several other autoimmune diseases. In this review, we pay attention to the learnings from the mechanistic research and drug development in these other autoimmune conditions. Interestingly, most of these diseases have been linked to compromised central and peripheral tolerance, and increased intestinal inflammation with enhanced gut permeability. Break of tolerance and priming of the autoreactive T-cells to attack antigenic epitopes in the hair follicle most likely requires several steps which include escape from negative selection and compromised peripheral tolerance. Local skin-related changes are also of importance due to the patchy manifestation of the skin areas with loss of hair, particularly in the early disease. Here, we discuss the defective mechanisms of tolerance, both central and peripheral, and hypothesize that the disease is driven by areas of tolerance break, and that these could be targeted for successful therapeutic interventions.
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Davies MN, Pere H, Bosschem I, Haesebrouck F, Flahou B, Tartour E, Flower DR, Tough DF, Bayry J. In Silico Adjuvant Design and Validation. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1494:107-125. [PMID: 27718189 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6445-1_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Adjuvants are substances that boost the protective immune response to vaccine antigens. The majority of known adjuvants have been identified through the use of empirical approaches. Our aim was to identify novel adjuvants with well-defined cellular and molecular mechanisms by combining a knowledge of immunoregulatory mechanisms with an in silico approach. CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) inhibit the protective immune responses to vaccines by suppressing the activation of antigen presenting cells such as dendritic cells (DCs). In this chapter, we describe the identification and functional validation of small molecule antagonists to CCR4, a chemokine receptor expressed on Tregs. The CCR4 binds the chemokines CCL22 and CCL17 that are produced in large amounts by activated innate cells including DCs. In silico identified small molecule CCR4 antagonists inhibited the migration of Tregs both in vitro and in vivo and when combined with vaccine antigens, significantly enhanced protective immune responses in experimental models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew N Davies
- Translational Oncogenomics Laboratory, Centre for Evolution and Cancer, Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Helene Pere
- INSERM U970 PARCC (Paris Cardiovascular Research Center), Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, 75015, France
- Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Service d'Immunologie Biologique, AP-HP, Paris, 75015, France
| | - Iris Bosschem
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Freddy Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Bram Flahou
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Eric Tartour
- INSERM U970 PARCC (Paris Cardiovascular Research Center), Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, 75015, France
- Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Service d'Immunologie Biologique, AP-HP, Paris, 75015, France
| | - Darren R Flower
- School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Aston, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - David F Tough
- Epinova Discovery Performance Unit, Immuno-inflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Discovery Centre, SG1 2NY, Stevenage, UK
| | - Jagadeesh Bayry
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1138, Paris, 75006, France.
- Equipe-Immunopathology and Therapeutic Immunointervention, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médicine, Paris, 75006, France.
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Universités Paris 06, UMR S 1138, Paris, 75006, France.
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR S 1138, Paris, 75006, France.
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Worbs T, Hammerschmidt SI, Förster R. Dendritic cell migration in health and disease. Nat Rev Immunol 2016; 17:30-48. [PMID: 27890914 DOI: 10.1038/nri.2016.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 511] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are potent and versatile antigen-presenting cells, and their ability to migrate is key for the initiation of protective pro-inflammatory as well as tolerogenic immune responses. Recent comprehensive studies have highlighted the importance of DC migration in the maintenance of immune surveillance and tissue homeostasis, and also in the pathogenesis of a range of diseases. In this Review, we summarize the anatomical, cellular and molecular factors that regulate the migration of different DC subsets in health and disease. In particular, we focus on new insights concerning the role of migratory DCs in the pathogenesis of diseases of the skin, intestine, lung, and brain, as well as in autoimmunity and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Worbs
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Swantje I Hammerschmidt
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Reinhold Förster
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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Differential Effects of Viscum album Preparations on the Maturation and Activation of Human Dendritic Cells and CD4⁺ T Cell Responses. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21070912. [PMID: 27428940 PMCID: PMC6273690 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21070912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracts of Viscum album (VA); a semi-parasitic plant, are frequently used in the complementary therapy of cancer and other immunological disorders. Various reports show that VA modulates immune system and exerts immune-adjuvant activities that might influence tumor regression. Currently, several therapeutic preparations of VA are available and hence an insight into the mechanisms of action of different VA preparations is necessary. In the present study, we performed a comparative study of five different preparations of VA on maturation and activation of human dendritic cells (DCs) and ensuing CD4+ T cell responses. Monocyte-derived human DCs were treated with VA Qu Spez, VA Qu Frf, VA M Spez, VA P and VA A. Among the five VA preparations tested VA Qu Spez, a fermented extract with a high level of lectins, significantly induced DC maturation markers CD83, CD40, HLA-DR and CD86, and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, IL-8, IL-12 and TNF-α. Furthermore, analysis of T cell cytokines in DC-T cell co-culture revealed that VA Qu Spez significantly stimulated IFN-γ secretion without modulating regulatory T cells and other CD4+ T cytokines IL-4, IL-13 and IL-17A. Our study thus delineates differential effects of VA preparations on DC maturation; function and T cell responses.
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Luessi F, Zipp F, Witsch E. Dendritic cells as therapeutic targets in neuroinflammation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:2425-50. [PMID: 26970979 PMCID: PMC11108452 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2170-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common chronic inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system characterized by infiltration of immune cells and progressive damage to myelin sheaths and neurons. There is still no cure for the disease, but drug regimens can reduce the frequency of relapses and slightly delay progression. Myeloid cells or antigen-presenting cells (APCs) such as dendritic cells (DC), macrophages, and resident microglia, are key players in both mediating immune responses and inducing immune tolerance. Mounting evidence indicates a contribution of these myeloid cells to the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis and to the effects of treatment, the understanding of which might provide strategies for more potent novel therapeutic interventions. Here, we review recent insights into the role of APCs, with specific focus on DCs in the modulation of neuroinflammation in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Luessi
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz,Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Frauke Zipp
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz,Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Esther Witsch
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz,Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
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Broggi A, Cigni C, Zanoni I, Granucci F. Preparation of Single-cell Suspensions for Cytofluorimetric Analysis from Different Mouse Skin Regions. J Vis Exp 2016:e52589. [PMID: 27166881 DOI: 10.3791/52589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin is a barrier organ that interacts with the external environment. Being continuously exposed to potential microbial invasion, the dermis and epidermis home a variety of immune cells in both homeostatic and inflammatory conditions. Tools to obtain skin cell release for cytofluorimetric analyses are, therefore, very useful in order to study the complex network of immune cells residing in the skin and their response to microbial stimuli. Here, we describe an efficient methodology for the digestion of mouse skin to rapidly and efficiently obtain single-cell suspensions. This protocol allows maintenance of maximum cell viability without compromising surface antigen expression. We also describe how to take and digest skin samples from different anatomical locations, such as the ear, trunk, tail, and footpad. The obtained suspensions are then stained and analyzed by flow cytometry to discriminate between different leukocyte populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achille Broggi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca; Boston Children's Hospital, Division of Gastroenterology, Harvard Medical School
| | - Clara Cigni
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca
| | - Ivan Zanoni
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca; Boston Children's Hospital, Division of Gastroenterology, Harvard Medical School; Humanitas Clinical and Research Center;
| | - Francesca Granucci
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca; Humanitas Clinical and Research Center;
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Osorio F, Fuentes C, López MN, Salazar-Onfray F, González FE. Role of Dendritic Cells in the Induction of Lymphocyte Tolerance. Front Immunol 2015; 6:535. [PMID: 26539197 PMCID: PMC4611163 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of dendritic cells (DCs) to trigger tolerance or immunity is dictated by the context in which an antigen is encountered. A large body of evidence indicates that antigen presentation by steady-state DCs induces peripheral tolerance through mechanisms such as the secretion of soluble factors, the clonal deletion of autoreactive T cells, and feedback control of regulatory T cells. Moreover, recent understandings on the function of DC lineages and the advent of murine models of DC depletion have highlighted the contribution of DCs to lymphocyte tolerance. Importantly, these findings are now being applied to human research in the contexts of autoimmune diseases, allergies, and transplant rejection. Indeed, DC-based immunotherapy research has made important progress in the area of human health, particularly in regards to cancer. A better understanding of several DC-related aspects including the features of DC lineages, milieu composition, specific expression of surface molecules, the control of signaling responses, and the identification of competent stimuli able to trigger and sustain a tolerogenic outcome will contribute to the success of DC-based immunotherapy in the area of lymphocyte tolerance. This review will discuss the latest advances in the biology of DC subtypes related to the induction of regulatory T cells, in addition to presenting current ex vivo protocols for tolerogenic DC production. Particular attention will be given to the molecules and signals relevant for achieving an adequate tolerogenic response for the treatment of human pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Osorio
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile , Santiago , Chile ; Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Camila Fuentes
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile , Santiago , Chile ; Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Mercedes N López
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile , Santiago , Chile ; Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile , Santiago , Chile ; Cell Therapy Laboratory, Blood Bank Service, University of Chile Clinical Hospital , Santiago , Chile
| | - Flavio Salazar-Onfray
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile , Santiago , Chile ; Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Fermín E González
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile , Santiago , Chile ; Laboratory of Experimental Immunology and Cancer, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile , Santiago , Chile
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Lymph Node Stromal Fiber ER-TR7 Modulates CD4+ T Cell Lymph Node Trafficking and Transplant Tolerance. Transplantation 2015; 99:1119-25. [PMID: 25769074 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000000664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trafficking and differentiation of naive CD4+ and regulatory T cells (Treg) within the lymph node (LN) are integral for tolerance induction. The LN is comprised of stromal fibers that dictate lymphocyte migration and LN structure, organization, and microanatomic domains. Distribution of the stromal fiber ER-TR7 changes within the LN after antigenic challenge, but the contributions of ER-TR7 to the resulting immune response remain undefined. We hypothesized that these stromal fiber structural changes affect T cell fate and subsequently allograft survival. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were left naive (untreated) or made immune or tolerant (donor-specific BALB/c splenocyte transfusion -/+ anti-CD40L monoclonal antibody), or made tolerant and received anti-ER-TR7 monoclonal antibody. Donor-specific T-cell migration was visualized by adoptive transfer of carboxyfluorescein diacetate, succinimidyl ester-labeled TEa T cell receptor transgenic CD4+ cells. Immunohistochemistry was performed on LNs to detect stromal fiber distribution, structure, CCL21 presence, and Treg and donor-specific cell location relative to high endothelial venules (HEV). Naive, tolerant, and tolerant + anti-ER-TR7 mice received BALB/c heterotopic cardiac allografts and graft survival was monitored. RESULTS The ER-TR7 distribution changed after the induction of tolerance vs. immunity. Treating tolerant mice with anti-ER-TR7 altered HEV basement membrane structure and the distribution of CCL21 within the LN. These differences were mirrored by changes in the migration of naive and Treg cells within and surrounding the HEV. Anti-ER-TR7 prevented tolerance induction and resulted in allograft inflammation and rejection. CONCLUSIONS These results identify ER-TR7 as an important component of LN structure in tolerance and a direct target for immune modulation.
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Kolypetri P, King J, Larijani M, Carayanniotis G. Genes and environment as predisposing factors in autoimmunity: acceleration of spontaneous thyroiditis by dietary iodide in NOD.H2(h4) mice. Int Rev Immunol 2015; 34:542-56. [PMID: 26287317 DOI: 10.3109/08830185.2015.1065828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In the field of autoimmune thyroiditis, NOD.H2(h4) mice have attracted significant and increasing attention since they not only develop spontaneous disease but they present thyroiditis with accelerated incidence and severity if they ingest iodide through their drinking water. This animal model highlights the interplay between genetic and dietary factors in the triggering of autoimmune disease and offers new opportunities to study immunoregulatory parameters influenced by both genes and environment. Here, we review experimental findings with this mouse model of thyroiditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panayota Kolypetri
- a Division of Biomedical Sciences , Memorial University of Newfoundland , St. John's , NL , Canada
| | - Justin King
- a Division of Biomedical Sciences , Memorial University of Newfoundland , St. John's , NL , Canada
| | - Mani Larijani
- a Division of Biomedical Sciences , Memorial University of Newfoundland , St. John's , NL , Canada
| | - George Carayanniotis
- a Division of Biomedical Sciences , Memorial University of Newfoundland , St. John's , NL , Canada.,b Division of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine , Memorial University of Newfoundland , St. John's , NL , Canada
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Asothai R, Anand V, Das D, Antil PS, Khandpur S, Sharma VK, Sharma A. Distinctive Treg associated CCR4-CCL22 expression profile with altered frequency of Th17/Treg cell in the immunopathogenesis of Pemphigus Vulgaris. Immunobiology 2015; 220:1129-35. [PMID: 26093920 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pemphigus Vulgaris (PV), a relatively common autoimmune blistering disease in India, primarily mediated by anti-Desmoglein 3 (anti-Dsg3) autoantibodies. T-helper 17 (Th17) and T-regulatory (Treg) cells play significant role in regulating immune homeostasis in autoimmune disorders. To understand immunopathogenesis of PV, it is crucial to unfold the phenotypic expression and functional characteristics of these cells along with their specific homing chemokine receptor-ligand. This proposed study aims to unravel the functional expression of Th17 and Treg cells along with their specific homing chemokine receptor-ligand, transcription factors and cytokine levels to better understand the immunopathogenesis of PV. The Flow cytometry results showed decreased frequency of Treg cells and high number of Th17 cells (p<0.001) indicating immune dysregulation in PV. A significant increase (p<0.001) in the serum levels of Th17 associated molecules (IL-17A, CCL-20) and relative expression of RORγt, CCR6 and CCL20 was found in patients. For Treg cells, transcription factor FOXp3 was significantly lowered along with defective CCR4-CCL22 (p<0.05) that might be playing an ambiguous role in Treg generated immune regulation, leading to homing defect at lesional sites. This maiden study revealed the role of defective receptor-ligand interface that might have failed to suppress inflammatory milieu produced by Th17 cells thus promoting inflammation and contributing to immunopathogenesis of PV. This chemokine receptor-ligand can further be explored as potential target for development of novel therapies in PV.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Asothai
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vivek Anand
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Dayasagar Das
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Parul Singh Antil
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sujay Khandpur
- Department of Dermatology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - V K Sharma
- Department of Dermatology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Alpana Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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Wang Z, Wei M, Zhang H, Chen H, Germana S, Huang CA, Madsen JC, Sachs DH, Wang Z. Diphtheria-toxin based anti-human CCR4 immunotoxin for targeting human CCR4(+) cells in vivo. Mol Oncol 2015; 9:1458-70. [PMID: 25958791 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
CC chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) has attracted much attention as a promising therapeutic drug target for CCR4(+) tumor cells and Tregs. CCR4 is expressed on some tumor cells such as T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), adult peripheral T cell lymphoma (PTCL) and cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL). CCR4 is also expressed on majority of Tregs, mainly effector Tregs. In this study we have successfully developed three versions of diphtheria-toxin based anti-human CCR4 immunotoxins (monovalent, bivalent and single-chain fold-back diabody). Binding analysis by flow cytometry showed that all three versions of the anti-human CCR4 immunotoxins bound to the human CCR4(+) tumor cell line as well as CCR4(+) human PBMC. The bivalent isoform bound stronger than its monovalent counterpart and the single-chain foldback diabody isoform was the strongest among the three versions. In vitro efficacy analysis demonstrated that the bivalent isoform was 20 fold more potent in inhibiting cellular proliferation and protein synthesis in human CCR4(+) tumor cells compared to the monovalent anti-human CCR4 immunotoxin. The single-chain fold-back diabody isoform was 10 fold more potent than its bivalent counterpart and 200 fold more potent than its monovalent counterpart. The in vivo efficacy was assessed using a human CCR4(+) tumor-bearing mouse model. The immunotoxin significantly prolonged the survival of tumor-bearing NOD/SCID IL-2 receptor γ(-/-) (NSG) mice injected with human CCR4(+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells compared with the control group. This novel anti-human CCR4 immunotoxin is a promising drug candidate for targeting human CCR4(+) tumor cells and Tregs in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Wang
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Min Wei
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Huiping Zhang
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hongyuan Chen
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sharon Germana
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christene A Huang
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joren C Madsen
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Cardiac Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David H Sachs
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; TBRC Laboratories, Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhirui Wang
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Mokarizadeh A, Hassanzadeh K, Abdi M, Soraya H, Faryabi MR, Mohammadi E, Ahmadi A. Transdermal delivery of bovine milk vesicles in patients with multiple sclerosis: A novel strategy to induce MOG-specific tolerance. Med Hypotheses 2015; 85:141-4. [PMID: 25986518 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2015.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Recently, butyrophilin (BTN) - a protein which shares cross-reactive epitopes with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) - has been found in milk. A high amount of milk BTN has been reported in the outer membrane of vesicular structures known as exosome and milk fat globule membrane (MFGM). These vesicles can act as Trojan horses, passing their BTN content through epidermis or other biologic barriers of the body. By altering the dose schedule and route of administration, the BTN-bearing vesicles (exosomes and MFGMs) may acquire enough potential to be used in MOG-specific immunotherapy program. Regarding above evidence and considering immunological characteristics of skin-associated lymphoid tissue (SALT), transdermal delivery of bovine milk vesicles, whether through topical administration of bovine milk or by using epicutaneous administration techniques, could be considered as an intriguing approach to induce MOG-specific tolerance in patients with multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aram Mokarizadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Kambiz Hassanzadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Hamid Soraya
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Faryabi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Mohammadi
- Environmental Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Abbas Ahmadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
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Trigunaite A, Dimo J, Jørgensen TN. Suppressive effects of androgens on the immune system. Cell Immunol 2015; 294:87-94. [PMID: 25708485 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 326] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sex-based disparities in immune responses are well known phenomena. The two most important factors accounting for the sex-bias in immunity are genetics and sex hormones. Effects of female sex hormones, estrogen and progesterone are well established, however the role of testosterone is not completely understood. Evidence from unrelated studies points to an immunosuppressive role of testosterone on different components of the immune system, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remains unknown. In this review we evaluate the effect of testosterone on key cellular components of innate and adaptive immunity. Specifically, we highlight the importance of testosterone in down-regulating the systemic immune response by cell type specific effects in the context of immunological disorders. Further studies are required to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of testosterone-induced immunosuppression, leading the way to the identification of novel therapeutic targets for immune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Trigunaite
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH, USA.
| | - Joana Dimo
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH, USA.
| | - Trine N Jørgensen
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH, USA.
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Schinnerling K, Soto L, García-González P, Catalán D, Aguillón JC. Skewing dendritic cell differentiation towards a tolerogenic state for recovery of tolerance in rheumatoid arthritis. Autoimmun Rev 2015; 14:517-27. [PMID: 25633325 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2015.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
To date, the available options to treat autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) include traditional corticoids and biological drugs, which are not exempt of adverse effects. The development of cellular therapies based on dendritic cells with tolerogenic functions (TolDCs) has opened a new possibility to efficiently eradicate symptoms and control the immune response in the field of autoimmunity. TolDCs are an attractive tool for antigen-specific immunotherapy to restore self-tolerance in RA and other autoimmune disorders. A promising strategy is to inject autologous self-antigen-loaded TolDCs, which are able to delete or reprogram autoreactive T cells. Different protocols for the generation of stable human TolDCs have been established and the therapeutic effect of TolDCs has been investigated in multiple rodent models of arthritis. Pilot studies in humans confirmed that TolDC application is safe, encouraging clinical trials using self-antigen-loaded TolDCs in RA patients. Although an abundance of molecular regulators of DC functions has been discovered in the last decade, no master regulator of tolerogenicity has been identified yet. Further research is required to define biomarkers or key regulators of tolerogenicity that might facilitate the induction and monitoring of TolDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katina Schinnerling
- Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lilian Soto
- Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paulina García-González
- Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego Catalán
- Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Juan C Aguillón
- Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile.
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Milanez-Almeida P, Meyer-Hermann M, Toker A, Khailaie S, Huehn J. Foxp3+ regulatory T-cell homeostasis quantitatively differs in murine peripheral lymph nodes and spleen. Eur J Immunol 2014; 45:153-66. [PMID: 25330759 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201444480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells are essential for maintaining self-tolerance and modulating inflammatory immune responses. Treg cells either develop within the thymus or are converted from CD4(+) naive T (Tnaive) cells in the periphery. The Treg-cell population size is tightly controlled and Treg-cell development and homeostasis have been intensively studied; however, quantitative information about mechanisms of peripheral Treg-cell homeostasis is lacking. Here we developed the first mathematical model of peripheral Treg-cell homeostasis, incorporating secondary lymphoid organs as separate entities and encompassing factors determining the size of the Treg-cell population, namely thymic output, homeostatic proliferation, peripheral conversion, transorgan migration, apoptosis, and the Tnaive-cell population. Quantitative data were collected by monitoring Tnaive-cell homeostasis and Treg-cell rebound after selective in vivo depletion of Treg cells. Our model predicted the previously unanticipated possibility that Treg cells regulate migration of Tnaive cells between spleen and peripheral lymph nodes (LNs), whereas migration of Treg cells between these organs can largely be neglected. Furthermore, our simulations suggested that peripheral conversion significantly contributed to the maintenance of the Treg-cell population, especially in LNs. Hence, we provide the first estimation of the peripheral Treg-cell conversion rate and propose additional facets of Treg-cell-mediated immune regulation that may previously have escaped attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Milanez-Almeida
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
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Intravenous immunoglobulin exerts reciprocal regulation of Th1/Th17 cells and regulatory T cells in Guillain–Barré syndrome patients. Immunol Res 2014; 60:320-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s12026-014-8580-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Saas P, Kaminski S, Perruche S. Prospects of apoptotic cell-based therapies for transplantation and inflammatory diseases. Immunotherapy 2014; 5:1055-73. [PMID: 24088076 DOI: 10.2217/imt.13.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptotic cell removal or interactions of early-stage apoptotic cells with immune cells are associated with an immunomodulatory microenvironment that can be harnessed to exert therapeutic effects. While the involved immune mechanisms are still being deciphered, apoptotic cell infusion has been tested in different experimental models where inflammation is deregulated. This includes chronic and acute inflammatory disorders such as arthritis, contact hypersensitivity and acute myocardial infarction. Apoptotic cell infusion has also been used in transplantation settings to prevent or treat acute and chronic rejection, as well as to limit acute graft-versus-host disease associated with allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Here, we review the mechanisms involved in apoptotic cell-induced immunomodulation and data obtained in preclinical models of transplantation and inflammatory diseases.
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Bourges D, Ross EM, Allen S, Read S, Houghton FJ, Bedoui S, Boon L, Gleeson PA, van Driel IR. Transient systemic inflammation does not alter the induction of tolerance to gastric autoantigens by migratory dendritic cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:5023-30. [PMID: 24760154 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1303429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
It has been proposed that activation of dendritic cells (DCs) presenting self-antigens during inflammation may lead to activation of autoreactive T cells and the development of autoimmunity. To test this hypothesis, we examined the presentation of the autoantigen recognized in autoimmune gastritis, gastric H(+)/K(+) ATPase, which is naturally expressed in the stomach and is constitutively presented in the stomach-draining lymph nodes. Systemic administration to mice of the TLR9 agonist CpG DNA, agonist anti-CD40 Ab, or TLR4 agonist LPS all failed to abrogate the process of peripheral clonal deletion of H(+)/K(+) ATPase-specific CD4 T cells or promote the development of autoimmune gastritis. We demonstrated that migratory DCs from the stomach-draining lymph nodes are the only DC subset capable of constitutively presenting the endogenous gastric H(+)/K(+) ATPase autoantigen in its normal physiological context. Analysis of costimulatory molecules indicated that, relative to resident DCs, migratory DCs displayed a partially activated phenotype in the steady state. Furthermore, migratory DCs were refractory to stimulation by transient exposure to TLR agonists, as they failed to upregulate costimulatory molecules, secrete significant amounts of inflammatory cytokines, or induce differentiation of effector T cells. Together, these data show that transient systemic inflammation failed to break tolerance to the gastric autoantigen, as migratory DCs presenting the gastric autoantigen remain tolerogenic under such conditions, demonstrating the robust nature of peripheral tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothée Bourges
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia;
| | - Ellen M Ross
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Stacey Allen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Simon Read
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Fiona J Houghton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Sammy Bedoui
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Immunology and Infection, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; and
| | - Louis Boon
- Bioceros Holding BV, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul A Gleeson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Ian R van Driel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia;
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