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Wang D, Dou L, Sui L, Xue Y, Xu S. Natural killer cells in cancer immunotherapy. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e626. [PMID: 38882209 PMCID: PMC11179524 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells, as innate lymphocytes, possess cytotoxic capabilities and engage target cells through a repertoire of activating and inhibitory receptors. Particularly, natural killer group 2, member D (NKG2D) receptor on NK cells recognizes stress-induced ligands-the MHC class I chain-related molecules A and B (MICA/B) presented on tumor cells and is key to trigger the cytolytic response of NK cells. However, tumors have developed sophisticated strategies to evade NK cell surveillance, which lead to failure of tumor immunotherapy. In this paper, we summarized these immune escaping strategies, including the downregulation of ligands for activating receptors, upregulation of ligands for inhibitory receptors, secretion of immunosuppressive compounds, and the development of apoptosis resistance. Then, we focus on recent advancements in NK cell immune therapies, which include engaging activating NK cell receptors, upregulating NKG2D ligand MICA/B expression, blocking inhibitory NK cell receptors, adoptive NK cell therapy, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered NK cells (CAR-NK), and NKG2D CAR-T cells, especially several vaccines targeting MICA/B. This review will inspire the research in NK cell biology in tumor and provide significant hope for improving cancer treatment outcomes by harnessing the potent cytotoxic activity of NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- DanRu Wang
- National Key Lab of Immunity and Inflammation and Institute of Immunology Naval Medical University Shanghai China
| | - LingYun Dou
- National Key Lab of Immunity and Inflammation and Institute of Immunology Naval Medical University Shanghai China
| | - LiHao Sui
- National Key Lab of Immunity and Inflammation and Institute of Immunology Naval Medical University Shanghai China
| | - Yiquan Xue
- National Key Lab of Immunity and Inflammation and Institute of Immunology Naval Medical University Shanghai China
| | - Sheng Xu
- National Key Lab of Immunity and Inflammation and Institute of Immunology Naval Medical University Shanghai China
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation Dongfang Hospital Shanghai China
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2
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Naik S, Velasquez MP, Gottschalk S. Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy in childhood acute myeloid leukemia: how far are we from a clinical application? Haematologica 2024; 109:1656-1667. [PMID: 38832421 PMCID: PMC11141645 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2023.283817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Recurrent and/or refractory (R/R) pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains a recalcitrant disease with poor outcomes. Cell therapy with genetically modified immune effector cells holds the promise to improve outcomes for R/R AML since it relies on cytotoxic mechanisms that are distinct from chemotherapeutic agents. While T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CAR T cells) showed significant anti-AML activity in preclinical models, early phase clinical studies have demonstrated limited activity, irrespective of the targeted AML antigen. Lack of efficacy is most likely multifactorial, including: (i) a limited array of AML-specific targets and target antigen heterogeneity; (ii) the aggressive nature of R/R AML and heavy pretreatment of patients; (iii) T-cell product manufacturing, and (iv) limited expansion and persistence of the CAR T cells, which is in part driven by the immunosuppressive AML microenvironment. Here we review the results of early phase clinical studies with AML-specific CAR T cells, and avenues investigators are exploring to improve their effector function.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/immunology
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/immunology
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods
- Child
- Clinical Trials as Topic
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Treatment Outcome
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
- Animals
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stephen Gottschalk
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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3
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Xu Y, Sun X, Tong Y. Interleukin-12 in multimodal tumor therapies for induction of anti-tumor immunity. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:170. [PMID: 38753073 PMCID: PMC11098992 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-01011-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-12 (IL-12) can be used as an immunomodulator in cancer immunotherapy. And it has demonstrated enormous potential in inhibiting tumor growth and improving the tumor microenvironment (TME) by several preclinical models. However, some disappointing results have showed in the early clinical trials when IL-12 used as a single agent for systemic cancer therapy. Combination therapy is an effective way to significantly fulfill the great potential of IL-12 as an immunomodulator. Here, we discuss the effects of IL-12 combined with traditional methods (chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery), targeted therapy or immunotherapy in the preclinical and clinical studies. Moreover, we summarized the potential mechanism underlying the anti-tumor effect of IL-12 in the combination strategies. And we also discussed the delivery methods and tumor-targeted modification of IL-12 and outlines future prospects for IL-12 as an immunomodulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulian Xu
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, 168 Xueyuan Street, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xueli Sun
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, 168 Xueyuan Street, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yunguang Tong
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, 168 Xueyuan Street, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Omigen, Inc, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China.
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4
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Hadiloo K, Taremi S, Safa SH, Amidifar S, Esmaeilzadeh A. The new era of immunological treatment, last updated and future consideration of CAR T cell-based drugs. Pharmacol Res 2024; 203:107158. [PMID: 38599467 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Cancer treatment is one of the fundamental challenges in clinical setting, especially in relapsed/refractory malignancies. The novel immunotherapy-based treatments bring new hope in cancer therapy and achieve various treatment successes. One of the distinguished ways of cancer immunotherapy is adoptive cell therapy, which utilizes genetically modified immune cells against cancer cells. Between different methods in ACT, the chimeric antigen receptor T cells have more investigation and introduced a promising way to treat cancer patients. This technology progressed until it introduced six US Food and Drug Administration-approved CAR T cell-based drugs. These drugs act against hematological malignancies appropriately and achieve exciting results, so they have been utilized widely in cell therapy clinics. In this review, we introduce all CAR T cells-approved drugs based on their last data and investigate them from all aspects of pharmacology, side effects, and compressional. Also, the efficacy of drugs, pre- and post-treatment steps, and expected side effects are introduced, and the challenges and new solutions in CAR T cell therapy are in the last speech.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaveh Hadiloo
- Department of immunology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, the Islamic Republic of Iran; School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Siavash Taremi
- Department of immunology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, the Islamic Republic of Iran; School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Salar Hozhabri Safa
- School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Sima Amidifar
- School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Abdolreza Esmaeilzadeh
- Department of Immunology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, the Islamic Republic of Iran; Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center (CGRC), Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, the Islamic Republic of Iran.
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5
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Zhu B, Yin H, Zhang D, Zhang M, Chao X, Scimeca L, Wu MR. Synthetic biology approaches for improving the specificity and efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. Cell Mol Immunol 2024; 21:436-447. [PMID: 38605087 PMCID: PMC11061174 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-024-01153-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has shown robust efficacy in treating a broad spectrum of hematological and solid cancers. Despite the transformative impact of immunotherapy on cancer treatment, several outstanding challenges remain. These challenges include on-target off-tumor toxicity, systemic toxicity, and the complexity of achieving potent and sustainable therapeutic efficacy. Synthetic biology has emerged as a promising approach to overcome these obstacles, offering innovative tools for engineering living cells with customized functions. This review provides an overview of the current landscape and future prospects of cancer immunotherapy, particularly emphasizing the role of synthetic biology in augmenting its specificity, controllability, and efficacy. We delineate and discuss two principal synthetic biology strategies: those targeting tumor surface antigens with engineered immune cells and those detecting intratumoral disease signatures with engineered gene circuits. This review concludes with a forward-looking perspective on the enduring challenges in cancer immunotherapy and the potential breakthroughs that synthetic biology may contribute to the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Center of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Hang Yin
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Di Zhang
- Drug Safety Research & Evaluation, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Company, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Meiling Zhang
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xiaojuan Chao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Center of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Luca Scimeca
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ming-Ru Wu
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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6
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Han Z, Ma X, Ma G. Improving cell reinfusion to enhance the efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy and alleviate complications. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28098. [PMID: 38560185 PMCID: PMC10981037 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) is a rapidly expanding area within the realm of transfusion medicine, focusing on the delivery of lymphocytes to trigger responses against tumors, viruses, or inflammation. This area has quickly evolved from its initial promise in immuno-oncology during preclinical trials to commercial approval of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies for leukemia and lymphoma (Jun and et al., 2018) [1]. CAR T-cell therapy has demonstrated success in treating hematological malignancies, particularly relapsed/refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (Qi and et al., 2022) [2]. However, its success in treating solid tumors faces challenges due to the short-lived presence of CAR-T cells in the body and diminished T cell functionality (Majzner and Mackall, 2019) [3]. CAR T-cell therapy functions by activating immune effector cells, yet significant side effects and short response durations remain considerable obstacles to its advancement. A prior study demonstrated that the therapeutic regimen can induce systemic inflammatory reactions, such as cytokine release syndrome (CRS), immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS), tumor lysis syndrome (TLS), off-target effects, and other severe complications. This study aims to explore current research frontiers in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Han
- Department of Nursing, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaoqin Ma
- Department of Nursing, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Guiyue Ma
- Department of Nursing, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
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7
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Hou R, Zhang X, Wang X, Zhao X, Li S, Guan Z, Cao J, Liu D, Zheng J, Shi M. In vivo manufacture and manipulation of CAR-T cells for better druggability. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2024:10.1007/s10555-024-10185-8. [PMID: 38592427 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-024-10185-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The current CAR-T cell therapy products have been hampered in their druggability due to the personalized preparation required, unclear pharmacokinetic characteristics, and unpredictable adverse reactions. Enabling standardized manufacturing and having clear efficacy and pharmacokinetic characteristics are prerequisites for ensuring the effective practicality of CAR-T cell therapy drugs. This review provides a broad overview of the different approaches for controlling behaviors of CAR-T cells in vivo. The utilization of genetically modified vectors enables in vivo production of CAR-T cells, thereby abbreviating or skipping the lengthy in vitro expansion process. By equipping CAR-T cells with intricately designed control elements, using molecule switches or small-molecule inhibitors, the control of CAR-T cell activity can be achieved. Moreover, the on-off control of CAR-T cell activity would yield potential gains in phenotypic remodeling. These methods provide beneficial references for the future development of safe, controllable, convenient, and suitable for standardized production of CAR-T cell therapy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Hou
- College of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoxue Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Center of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuan Zhao
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Center of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sijin Li
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Center of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhangchun Guan
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Center of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiang Cao
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
- Center of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Junnian Zheng
- Center of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Ming Shi
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
- Center of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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8
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Yang JL, Yamada-Hunter SA, Labanieh L, Sotillo E, Cheah JS, Roberts DS, Mackall CL, Bertozzi CR, Ting AY. Directed evolution of genetically encoded LYTACs for cell-mediated delivery. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2320053121. [PMID: 38513100 PMCID: PMC10990137 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2320053121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Lysosome-targeting chimeras (LYTACs) are a promising therapeutic modality to drive the degradation of extracellular proteins. However, early versions of LYTAC contain synthetic glycopeptides that cannot be genetically encoded. Here, we present our designs for a fully genetically encodable LYTAC (GELYTAC), making our tool compatible with integration into therapeutic cells for targeted delivery at diseased sites. To achieve this, we replaced the glycopeptide portion of LYTACs with the protein insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2). After showing initial efficacy with wild-type IGF2, we increased the potency of GELYTAC using directed evolution. Subsequently, we demonstrated that our engineered GELYTAC construct not only secretes from HEK293T cells but also from human primary T-cells to drive the uptake of various targets into receiver cells. Immune cells engineered to secrete GELYTAC thus represent a promising avenue for spatially selective targeted protein degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Lee Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Sean A. Yamada-Hunter
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Louai Labanieh
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA94305
| | - Elena Sotillo
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Joleen S. Cheah
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
| | - David S. Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Crystal L. Mackall
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA94305
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Carolyn R. Bertozzi
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
- HHMI, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Alice Y. Ting
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA94158
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9
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Li J, Hu H, Lian K, Zhang D, Hu P, He Z, Zhang Z, Wang Y. CAR-NK cells in combination therapy against cancer: A potential paradigm. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27196. [PMID: 38486782 PMCID: PMC10937699 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Various preclinical and a limited number of clinical studies of CAR-NK cells have shown promising results: efficient elimination of target cells without side effects similar to CAR-T therapy. However, the homing and infiltration abilities of CAR-NK cells are poor due to the inhibitory tumor microenvironment. From the perspective of clinical treatment strategies, combined with the biological and tumor microenvironment characteristics of NK cells, CAR-NK combination therapy strategies with anti-PD-1/PD-L1, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, kinase inhibitors, proteasome inhibitors, STING agonist, oncolytic virus, photothermal therapy, can greatly promote the proliferation, migration and cytotoxicity of the NK cells. In this review, we will summarize the targets selection, structure constructions and combinational therapies of CAR-NK cells for tumors to provide feasible combination strategies for overcoming the inhibitory tumor microenvironment and improving the efficacy of CAR-NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junping Li
- Department of Radiology, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei, 441000, China
| | - Hong Hu
- Department of Radiology, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei, 441000, China
| | - Kai Lian
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei, 441000, China
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei, 441000, China
| | - Pengchao Hu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei, 441000, China
| | - Zhibing He
- Department of Radiology, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei, 441000, China
| | - Zhenfeng Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Translational Medicine Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Nano-Biomedical Technology for Diagnosis and Therapy & Guangdong Provincial Education Department Key Laboratory of Nano-Immunoregulation Tumour Microenvironment, Central Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Radiology, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei, 441000, China
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10
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Dey S, Devender M, Rani S, Pandey RK. Recent advances in CAR T-cell engineering using synthetic biology: Paving the way for next-generation cancer treatment. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2024; 140:91-156. [PMID: 38762281 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
This book chapter highlights a comprehensive exploration of the transformative innovations in the field of cancer immunotherapy. CAR (Chimeric Antigen Receptor) T-cell therapy represents a groundbreaking approach to treat cancer by reprogramming a patient immune cells to recognize and destroy cancer cells. This chapter underscores the critical role of synthetic biology in enhancing the safety and effectiveness of CAR T-cell therapies. It begins by emphasizing the growing importance of personalized medicine in cancer treatment, emphasizing the shift from one-size-fits-all approaches to patient-specific solutions. Synthetic biology, a multidisciplinary field, has been instrumental in customizing CAR T-cell therapies, allowing for fine-tuned precision and minimizing unwanted side effects. The chapter highlights recent advances in gene editing, synthetic gene circuits, and molecular engineering, showcasing how these technologies are optimizing CAR T-cell function. In summary, this book chapter sheds light on the remarkable progress made in the development of CAR T-cell therapies using synthetic biology, providing hope for cancer patients and hinting at a future where highly personalized and effective cancer treatments are the norm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangita Dey
- CSO Department, Cellworks Research India Pvt Ltd, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Moodu Devender
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Swati Rani
- ICAR, National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Rajan Kumar Pandey
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden.
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11
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Kagoya Y. Cytokine signaling in chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy. Int Immunol 2024; 36:49-56. [PMID: 37591521 PMCID: PMC10872714 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxad033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Adoptive immunotherapy using chimeric antigen-receptor (CAR)-engineered T cells can induce robust antitumor responses against hematologic malignancies. However, its efficacy is not durable in the majority of the patients, warranting further improvement of T-cell functions. Cytokine signaling is one of the key cascades regulating T-cell survival and effector functions. In addition to cytokines that use the common γ chain as a receptor subunit, multiple cytokines regulate T-cell functions directly or indirectly. Modulating cytokine signaling in CAR-T cells by genetic engineering is one promising strategy to augment their therapeutic efficacy. These strategies include ectopic expression of cytokines, cytokine receptors, and synthetic molecules that mimic endogenous cytokine signaling. Alternatively, autocrine IL-2 signaling can be augmented through reprogramming of CAR-T cell properties through transcriptional and epigenetic modification. On the other hand, cytokine production by CAR-T cells triggers systemic inflammatory responses, which mainly manifest as adverse events such as cytokine-release syndrome (CRS) and neurotoxicity. In addition to inhibiting direct inflammatory mediators such as IL-6 and IL-1 released from activated macrophages, suppression of T-cell-derived cytokines associated with the priming of macrophages can be accomplished through genetic modification of CAR-T cells. In this review, I will outline recently developed synthetic biology approaches to exploit cytokine signaling to enhance CAR-T cell functions. I will also discuss therapeutic target molecules to prevent or alleviate CAR-T cell-related toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kagoya
- Division of Tumor Immunology, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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12
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Drakes DJ, Abbas AM, Shields J, Steinbuck MP, Jakubowski A, Seenappa LM, Haqq CM, DeMuth PC. Lymph Node-Targeted Vaccine Boosting of TCR T-cell Therapy Enhances Antitumor Function and Eradicates Solid Tumors. Cancer Immunol Res 2024; 12:214-231. [PMID: 38270373 PMCID: PMC10835214 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-22-0978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
T-cell receptor (TCR)-modified T-cell therapies have shown promise against solid tumors, but overall therapeutic benefits have been modest due in part to suboptimal T-cell persistence and activation in vivo, alongside potential tumor antigen escape. In this study, we demonstrate an approach to enhance the in vivo persistence and function of TCR T cells through combination with Amphiphile (AMP) vaccination including cognate TCR T peptides. AMP modification improves lymph node targeting of conjugated tumor immunogens and adjuvants, thereby coordinating a robust T cell-activating endogenous immune response. AMP vaccine combination with TCR T-cell therapy led to complete eradication and durable responses against established murine solid tumors refractory to TCR T-cell monotherapy. Enhanced antitumor efficacy was correlated with simultaneous in vivo invigoration of adoptively transferred TCR T cells and in situ expansion of the endogenous antitumor T-cell repertoire. Long-term protection against tumor recurrence in AMP-vaccinated mice was associated with antigen spreading to additional tumor-associated antigens not targeted by vaccination. AMP vaccination further correlated with pro-inflammatory lymph node transcriptional reprogramming and increased antigen presenting-cell maturation, resulting in TCR T-cell expansion and functional enhancement in lymph nodes and solid tumor parenchyma without lymphodepletion. In vitro evaluation of AMP peptides with matched human TCR T cells targeting NY-ESO-1, mutant KRAS, and HPV16 E7 illustrated the clinical potential of AMP vaccination to enhance human TCR T-cell proliferation, activation, and antitumor activity. Taken together, these studies provide rationale and evidence to support clinical evaluation of combining AMP vaccination with TCR T-cell therapies to augment antitumor activity.
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13
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Ho M, Zanwar S, Paludo J. Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy in hematologic malignancies: Successes, challenges, and opportunities. Eur J Haematol 2024; 112:197-210. [PMID: 37545132 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.14074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
The success of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy in hematologic malignancies has realized a longstanding effort toward harnessing the immune system to fight cancer in a truly personalized fashion. Second generation chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) incorporating co-stimulatory molecules like 4-1BB or CD28 were able to overcome some of the hindrances with initial CAR constructs resulting in efficacious products. Many second-generation CAR-T products have been approved in the treatment of relapsed/refractory hematologic malignancies including multiple myeloma (MM), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. However, challenges remain in optimizing the manufacturing, timely access, limiting the toxicity from CAR-T infusions and improving sustainability of responses derived with CAR-T therapy. Here, we summarize the clinical trial data leading to approval CAR-T therapies in MM and NHL, discuss the limitations with current CAR-T therapy strategies and review emerging strategies for overcoming these limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Ho
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Saurabh Zanwar
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jonas Paludo
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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14
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Baguet C, Larghero J, Mebarki M. Early predictive factors of failure in autologous CAR T-cell manufacturing and/or efficacy in hematologic malignancies. Blood Adv 2024; 8:337-342. [PMID: 38052048 PMCID: PMC10788849 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023011992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies have shown significant benefits in the treatment of hematologic malignancies, such as B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) and B-cell lymphoma. Despite the therapeutic advances offered by these innovative treatments, failures are still observed in 15% to 40% of patients with B-ALL and >50% of patients with B-cell lymphoma. Several hypotheses have emerged including CD19-negative or -positive relapses, low CAR T-cell activation and/or expansion in vivo, or T-cell exhaustion. To date, in the European Union, CAR T cells granted with marketing authorization are autologous and thus associated with a strong heterogeneity between products. Indeed, the manufacturing of a single batch requires cellular starting material collection by apheresis for each patient, with variable cellular composition, and then challenging pharmaceutical companies to standardize as much as possible the production process. In addition, these cost and time-consuming therapies are associated with a risk of manufacturing failure reaching 25%. Thus, there is a growing need to identify early risk factors of unsuccessful production and/or therapeutic escape. Quality of the apheresis product, pathology progression, as well as previous treatments have been reported as predictive factors of the variability in clinical response. The aim of this review is to report and discuss predictive factors that could help to anticipate the manufacturing success and clinical response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémentine Baguet
- Université Paris Cité, Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Unité de Thérapie Cellulaire, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Larghero
- Université Paris Cité, Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Unité de Thérapie Cellulaire, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Centre MEARY de Thérapie Cellulaire et Génique, Paris, France
- INSERM, Centre d’investigation Clinique de Biothérapies CBT501, Paris, France
| | - Miryam Mebarki
- Université Paris Cité, Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Unité de Thérapie Cellulaire, Paris, France
- INSERM, Centre d’investigation Clinique de Biothérapies CBT501, Paris, France
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
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15
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Ren J, Liao X, Lewis JM, Chang J, Qu R, Carlson KR, Foss F, Girardi M. Generation and optimization of off-the-shelf immunotherapeutics targeting TCR-Vβ2+ T cell malignancy. Nat Commun 2024; 15:519. [PMID: 38225288 PMCID: PMC10789731 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44786-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Current treatments for T cell malignancies encounter issues of disease relapse and off-target toxicity. Using T cell receptor (TCR)Vβ2 as a model, here we demonstrate the rapid generation of an off-the-shelf allogeneic chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T platform targeting the clone-specific TCR Vβ chain for malignant T cell killing while limiting normal cell destruction. Healthy donor T cells undergo CRISPR-induced TRAC, B2M and CIITA knockout to eliminate T cell-dependent graft-versus-host and host-versus-graft reactivity. Second generation 4-1BB/CD3zeta CAR containing high affinity humanized anti-Vβ scFv is expressed efficiently on donor T cells via both lentivirus and adeno-associated virus transduction with limited detectable pre-existing immunoreactivity. Our optimized CAR-T cells demonstrate specific and persistent killing of Vβ2+ Jurkat cells and Vβ2+ patient derived malignant T cells, in vitro and in vivo, without affecting normal T cells. In parallel, we generate humanized anti-Vβ2 antibody with enhanced antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) by Fc-engineering for NK cell ADCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Ren
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Xiaofeng Liao
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Julia M Lewis
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jungsoo Chang
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Rihao Qu
- The Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kacie R Carlson
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Francine Foss
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Medical Oncology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Michael Girardi
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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16
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Lei W, Zhao A, Liu H, Yang C, Wei C, Guo S, Chen Z, Guo Q, Li L, Zhao M, Wu G, Ouyang G, Liu M, Zhang J, Gao J, Qian W. Safety and feasibility of anti-CD19 CAR T cells expressing inducible IL-7 and CCL19 in patients with relapsed or refractory large B-cell lymphoma. Cell Discov 2024; 10:5. [PMID: 38191529 PMCID: PMC10774422 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-023-00625-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Although CD19-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells are curative for patients with relapsed or refractory large B-cell lymphoma (R/R LBCL), disease relapse with tumor antigen-positive remains a challenge. Cytokine/chemokine-expressing CAR-T cells could overcome a suppressive milieu, but the clinical safety and efficacy of this CAR-T therapy remain unclear. Here we report the preclinical development of CD19-specific CAR-T cells capable of expressing interleukin (IL)-7 and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (CCL)-19 upon CD19 engagement (referred to as 7 × 19 CAR-T cells) and results from a phase 1 and expansion phase trial of 7 × 19 CAR-T cell therapy in patients with R/R LBCL (NCT03258047). In dose-escalation phase, there were no dose-limiting toxicities observed. 39 patients with R/R LBCL received 7 × 19 CAR-T with doses ranged from 0.5 × 106-4.0 × 106 cells per kg body weight. Grade 3 cytokine release syndrome occurred in 5 (12.8%) patients and ≥ grade 3 neurotoxicity in 4 (10.3%) patients. The overall response rate at 3 months post-single infusion was 79.5% (complete remission, 56.4%; partial response, 23.1%). With a median follow-up of 32 months, the median progression-free survival was 13 months, and median overall survival was not reached, with an estimated rate of 53.8% (95% CI, 40.3% to 72.0%) at two years. Together, these long-term follow-up data from the multicenter clinical study suggest that 7 × 19 CAR-T cells can induce durable responses with a median overall survival of greater than 2 years, and have a manageable safety profile in patients with R/R LBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Lei
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ai Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Westlake University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chunmei Yang
- Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cheng Wei
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shanshan Guo
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhilu Chen
- Department of Hematology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qunyi Guo
- Department of Hematology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Linjie Li
- Department of Hematology, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mingzhe Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gongqiang Wu
- Department of Hematology, Dongyang People's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Dongyang, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guifang Ouyang
- Ningbo Clinical Research Center for Hematological Tumor Diseases, Department of hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Oujiang Laboratory, Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinyi Zhang
- Oujiang Laboratory, Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jimin Gao
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Hangzhou Qilan Biomedical Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Wenbin Qian
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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17
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Teng F, Cui T, Zhou L, Gao Q, Zhou Q, Li W. Programmable synthetic receptors: the next-generation of cell and gene therapies. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:7. [PMID: 38167329 PMCID: PMC10761793 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01680-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell and gene therapies hold tremendous promise for treating a range of difficult-to-treat diseases. However, concerns over the safety and efficacy require to be further addressed in order to realize their full potential. Synthetic receptors, a synthetic biology tool that can precisely control the function of therapeutic cells and genetic modules, have been rapidly developed and applied as a powerful solution. Delicately designed and engineered, they can be applied to finetune the therapeutic activities, i.e., to regulate production of dosed, bioactive payloads by sensing and processing user-defined signals or biomarkers. This review provides an overview of diverse synthetic receptor systems being used to reprogram therapeutic cells and their wide applications in biomedical research. With a special focus on four synthetic receptor systems at the forefront, including chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) and synthetic Notch (synNotch) receptors, we address the generalized strategies to design, construct and improve synthetic receptors. Meanwhile, we also highlight the expanding landscape of therapeutic applications of the synthetic receptor systems as well as current challenges in their clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Teng
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China.
| | - Tongtong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Li Zhou
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Qingqin Gao
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Wei Li
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, China.
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18
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Sun F, Cheng Y, Chen JR, Wanchai V, Mery DE, Xu H, Gai D, Al Hadidi S, Schinke C, Thanendrarajan S, Zangari M, van Rhee F, Tricot G, Shaughnessy JD, Zhan F. BCMA- and CST6-specific CAR T cells lyse multiple myeloma cells and suppress murine osteolytic lesions. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e171396. [PMID: 37883186 PMCID: PMC10760955 DOI: 10.1172/jci171396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that cystatin E/M (CST6), which is elevated in a subset of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) lacking osteolytic lesions (OLs), suppresses MM bone disease by blocking osteoclast differentiation and function. CST6 is a secreted type 2 cystatin, a cysteine protease inhibitor that regulates lysosomal cysteine proteases and the asparaginyl endopeptidase legumain. Here, we developed B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) CST6 chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T cells), which lysed MM cells and released CST6 proteins. Our in vitro studies show that these CAR-T cells suppressed the differentiation and formation of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive (TRAP+) osteoclasts. Using xenografted MM mice, bioluminescence images showed that both BCMA-CAR-T and BCMA-CST6-CAR-T cells inhibited MM growth to a similar extent. Reconstructed micro-computed tomography images revealed that BCMA-CST6-CAR-T cells, but not BCMA-CAR-T cells, prevented MM-induced bone damage and decreased osteoclast numbers. Our results provide a CAR-T strategy that targets tumor cells directly and delivers an inhibitor of bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumou Sun
- Myeloma Center, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Institute, Department of Internal Medicine and
| | - Yan Cheng
- Myeloma Center, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Institute, Department of Internal Medicine and
| | - Jin-Ran Chen
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS), Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Visanu Wanchai
- Myeloma Center, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Institute, Department of Internal Medicine and
| | - David E. Mery
- Myeloma Center, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Institute, Department of Internal Medicine and
| | - Hongwei Xu
- Myeloma Center, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Institute, Department of Internal Medicine and
| | - Dongzheng Gai
- Myeloma Center, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Institute, Department of Internal Medicine and
| | - Samer Al Hadidi
- Myeloma Center, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Institute, Department of Internal Medicine and
| | - Carolina Schinke
- Myeloma Center, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Institute, Department of Internal Medicine and
| | | | - Maurizio Zangari
- Myeloma Center, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Institute, Department of Internal Medicine and
| | - Frits van Rhee
- Myeloma Center, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Institute, Department of Internal Medicine and
| | - Guido Tricot
- Myeloma Center, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Institute, Department of Internal Medicine and
| | - John D. Shaughnessy
- Myeloma Center, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Institute, Department of Internal Medicine and
| | - Fenghuang Zhan
- Myeloma Center, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Institute, Department of Internal Medicine and
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19
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Albelda SM. CAR T cell therapy for patients with solid tumours: key lessons to learn and unlearn. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2024; 21:47-66. [PMID: 37904019 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-023-00832-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have been approved for use in patients with B cell malignancies or relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma, yet efficacy against most solid tumours remains elusive. The limited imaging and biopsy data from clinical trials in this setting continues to hinder understanding, necessitating a reliance on imperfect preclinical models. In this Perspective, I re-evaluate current data and suggest potential pathways towards greater success, drawing lessons from the few successful trials testing CAR T cells in patients with solid tumours and the clinical experience with tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes. The most promising approaches include the use of pluripotent stem cells, co-targeting multiple mechanisms of immune evasion, employing multiple co-stimulatory domains, and CAR ligand-targeting vaccines. An alternative strategy focused on administering multiple doses of short-lived CAR T cells in an attempt to pre-empt exhaustion and maintain a functional effector pool should also be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Albelda
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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20
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Eskandari SK, Daccache A, Azzi JR. Chimeric antigen receptor T reg therapy in transplantation. Trends Immunol 2024; 45:48-61. [PMID: 38123369 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2023.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
In the quest for more precise and effective organ transplantation therapies, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) regulatory T cell (Treg) therapies represent a potential cutting-edge advance. This review comprehensively analyses CAR Tregs and how they may address important drawbacks of polyclonal Tregs and conventional immunosuppressants. We examine a growing body of preclinical findings of CAR Treg therapy in transplantation, discuss CAR Treg design specifics, and explore established and attractive new targets in transplantation. In addition, we explore present impediments where future studies will be necessary to determine the efficacy of CAR Tregs in reshaping alloimmune responses and transplant microenvironments to reduce reliance on chemical immunosuppressants. Overall, ongoing studies and trials are crucial for understanding the full scope of CAR Treg therapy in transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siawosh K Eskandari
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Andrea Daccache
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Bioscience Education and Research (UFR Biosciences), Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Jamil R Azzi
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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21
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Kausar MA, Anwar S, El-Horany HES, Khan FH, Tyagi N, Najm MZ, Sadaf, Eisa AA, Dhara C, Gantayat S. Journey of CAR T‑cells: Emphasising the concepts and advancements in breast cancer (Review). Int J Oncol 2023; 63:130. [PMID: 37830150 PMCID: PMC10622179 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2023.5578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the primary and one of the most prominent causes of the rising global mortality rate, accounting for nearly 10 million deaths annually. Specific methods have been devised to cure cancerous tumours. Effective therapeutic approaches must be developed, both at the cellular and genetic level. Immunotherapy offers promising results by providing sustained remission to patients with refractory malignancies. Genetically modified T‑lymphocytic cells have emerged as a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of solid tumours, haematological malignancies, and relapsed/refractory B‑lymphocyte malignancies as a result of recent clinical trial findings; the treatment is referred to as chimeric antigen receptor T‑cell therapy (CAR T‑cell therapy). Leukapheresis is used to remove T‑lymphocytes from the leukocytes, and CARs are created through genetic engineering. Without the aid of a major histocompatibility complex, these genetically modified receptors lyse malignant tissues by interacting directly with the carcinogen. Additionally, the outcomes of preclinical and clinical studies reveal that CAR T‑cell therapy has proven to be a potential therapeutic contender against metastatic breast cancer (BCa), triple‑negative, and HER 2+ve BCa. Nevertheless, unique toxicities, including (cytokine release syndrome, on/off‑target tumour recognition, neurotoxicities, anaphylaxis, antigen escape in BCa, and the immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment in solid tumours, negatively impact the mechanism of action of these receptors. In this review, the potential of CAR T‑cell immunotherapy and its method of destroying tumour cells is explored using data from preclinical and clinical trials, as well as providing an update on the approaches used to reduce toxicities, which may improve or broaden the effectiveness of the therapies used in BCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Adnan Kausar
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ha'il, Ha'il 81411, Saudi Arabia
- Medical and Diagnostic Research Centre, University of Ha'il, Hail 55473, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sadaf Anwar
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ha'il, Ha'il 81411, Saudi Arabia
- Medical and Diagnostic Research Centre, University of Ha'il, Hail 55473, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hemat El-Sayed El-Horany
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ha'il, Ha'il 81411, Saudi Arabia
- Medical and Diagnostic Research Centre, University of Ha'il, Hail 55473, Saudi Arabia
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt
| | - Farida Habib Khan
- Medical and Diagnostic Research Centre, University of Ha'il, Hail 55473, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ha'il, Ha'il 81411, Saudi Arabia
| | - Neetu Tyagi
- Bone Biology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | | | - Sadaf
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, Okhla, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Alaa Abdulaziz Eisa
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Medina 30002, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chandrajeet Dhara
- School of Biosciences, Apeejay Stya University, Sohna, Gurugram 122003, Haryana
| | - Saumyatika Gantayat
- School of Biosciences, Apeejay Stya University, Sohna, Gurugram 122003, Haryana
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22
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Smith EL. The Future of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapy. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2023; 37:1215-1219. [PMID: 37442674 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Over the last 10 years CAR T cell therapies have been shown to be transformative for B- and plasma-cell malignancies, however the field is only beginning to realize the potential benefit to patients of such therapies. Over the next 10 years it is expected that advances will be made in durable response rates for patients with B/plasma cell malignancies; expansion to T-cell, myeloid, and solid malignancies; and in delivery and manufacturing to transform the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric L Smith
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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23
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Vitale C, Griggio V, Perutelli F, Coscia M. CAR-modified Cellular Therapies in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Is the Uphill Road Getting Less Steep? Hemasphere 2023; 7:e988. [PMID: 38044959 PMCID: PMC10691795 DOI: 10.1097/hs9.0000000000000988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical development of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has been more challenging for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) compared to other settings. One of the main reasons is the CLL-associated state of immune dysfunction that specifically involves patient-derived T cells. Here, we provide an overview of the clinical results obtained with CAR T-cell therapy in CLL, describing the identified immunologic reasons for the inferior efficacy. Novel CAR T-cell formulations, such as lisocabtagene maraleucel, administered alone or in combination with the Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor ibrutinib, are currently under investigation. These approaches are based on the rationale that improving the quality of the T-cell source and of the CAR T-cell product may deliver a more functional therapeutic weapon. Further strategies to boost the efficacy of CAR T cells should rely not only on the production of CAR T cells with an improved cellular composition but also on additional changes. Such alterations could include (1) the coadministration of immunomodulatory agents capable of counteracting CLL-related immunological alterations, (2) the design of improved CAR constructs (such as third- and fourth-generation CARs), (3) the incorporation into the manufacturing process of immunomodulatory compounds overcoming the T-cell defects, and (4) the use of allogeneic CAR T cells or alternative CAR-modified cellular vectors. These strategies may allow to develop more effective CAR-modified cellular therapies capable of counteracting the more aggressive and still incurable forms of CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candida Vitale
- University Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Valentina Griggio
- University Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Francesca Perutelli
- University Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Marta Coscia
- University Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Italy
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24
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Hong M, Talluri S, Chen YY. Advances in promoting chimeric antigen receptor T cell trafficking and infiltration of solid tumors. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2023; 84:103020. [PMID: 37976958 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2023.103020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
T cells engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) have demonstrated robust response rates in treating hematological malignancies. However, solid tumors present multiple challenges that hinder the antitumor efficacy of CAR-T cells, including antigen heterogeneity, off-tumor and systemic toxicities, and the immunosuppressive milieu of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Notably, the TME of solid tumors is characterized by chemokine dysregulation and a dense architecture consisting of tumor stroma, extracellular matrix, and aberrant vasculature that impede migration of CAR-T cells to the tumor site as well as infiltration into the solid-tumor mass. In this review, we highlight recent advances to improve CAR-T-cell trafficking to and infiltration of solid tumors to promote effective antigen recognition by CAR-T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihe Hong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sohan Talluri
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yvonne Y Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy Center at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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25
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Mohty R, Alotaibi S, Gadd M, Luo Y, Parrondo R, Qin H, Kharfan-Dabaja MA. Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell Therapy for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: What is the supporting evidence so far? Clin Hematol Int 2023; 5:33-46. [PMID: 38817957 PMCID: PMC10688414 DOI: 10.46989/001c.88382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
While acknowledging that newer therapies have improved survival rates in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), patients with high-risk disease features are at an increased risk of treatment failure. Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) was traditionally offered as front-line consolidation in high-risk CLL; however, with the emergence of targeted therapies like Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) and B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) inhibitors, the role of allo-HCT has been relegated to later stages of the disease. Patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) CLL who have failed both BTK and BCL-2 inhibitors represent a therapeutic challenge owing to a poor prognosis. Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR T) therapies targeting CD19 have improved response rates and overall survival in various types of R/R B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas. For CLL, no approved CAR T-cell therapies are yet available. Emerging data appear to show a therapeutic benefit of CAR T-cell therapy in patients with R/R CLL, even after failing an allo-HCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razan Mohty
- Department of Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Immune Therapy, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fl, USA
| | - Shaykha Alotaibi
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Program, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Martha Gadd
- Regenerative Immunotherapy and CAR-T Translational Research Program, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Yan Luo
- Regenerative Immunotherapy and CAR-T Translational Research Program, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Ricardo Parrondo
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Program, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Hong Qin
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Program, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
- Regenerative Immunotherapy and CAR-T Translational Research Program, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Mohamed A Kharfan-Dabaja
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Program, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
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26
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Giardino Torchia ML, Moody G. DIALing-up the preclinical characterization of gene-modified adoptive cellular immunotherapies. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1264882. [PMID: 38090585 PMCID: PMC10713823 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1264882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The preclinical characterization of gene modified adoptive cellular immunotherapy candidates for clinical development often requires the use of mouse models. Gene-modified lymphocytes (GML) incorporating chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) and T-cell receptors (TCR) into immune effector cells require in vivo characterization of biological activity, mechanism of action, and preclinical safety. Typically, this characterization involves the assessment of dose-dependent, on-target, on-tumor activity in severely immunocompromised mice. While suitable for the purpose of evaluating T cell-expressed transgene function in a living host, this approach falls short in translating cellular therapy efficacy, safety, and persistence from preclinical models to humans. To comprehensively characterize cell therapy products in mice, we have developed a framework called "DIAL". This framework aims to enable an end-to-end understanding of genetically engineered cellular immunotherapies in vivo, from infusion to tumor clearance and long-term immunosurveillance. The acronym DIAL stands for Distribution, Infiltration, Accumulation, and Longevity, compartmentalizing the systemic attributes of gene-modified cellular therapy and providing a platform for optimization with the ultimate goal of improving therapeutic efficacy. This review will discuss both existent and emerging examples of DIAL characterization in mouse models, as well as opportunities for future development and optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gordon Moody
- Cell Therapy Unit, Oncology Research, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
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27
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Yang JL, Yamada-Hunter SA, Labanieh L, Sotillo E, Cheah JS, Roberts DS, Mackall CL, Ting AY, Bertozzi CR. Directed Evolution of Genetically Encoded LYTACs for Cell-Mediated Delivery. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.14.567117. [PMID: 38014030 PMCID: PMC10680704 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.14.567117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Lysosome-targeting chimeras (LYTACs) are a promising therapeutic modality to drive the degradation of extracellular proteins. However, early versions of LYTAC contain synthetic glycopeptides that cannot be genetically encoded. Here we present our designs for a fully genetically encodable LYTAC (GELYTAC), making our tool compatible with integration into therapeutic cells for targeted delivery at diseased sites. To achieve this, we replaced the glycopeptide portion of LYTACs with the protein insulin like growth factor 2 (IGF2). After showing initial efficacy with wild type IGF2, we increased the potency of GELYTAC using directed evolution. Subsequently, we demonstrated that our engineered GELYTAC construct not only secretes from HEK293T cells but also from human primary T-cells to drive the uptake of various targets into receiver cells. Immune cells engineered to secrete GELYTAC thus represent a promising avenue for spatially-selective targeted protein degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Lee Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sean A. Yamada-Hunter
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Louai Labanieh
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Elena Sotillo
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joleen S. Cheah
- Departments of Biology, and Genetics Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - David S. Roberts
- Department of Chemistry and Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Crystal L. Mackall
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alice Y. Ting
- Department of Chemistry and Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Departments of Biology, and Genetics Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Carolyn R. Bertozzi
- Department of Chemistry and Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
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28
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Tang L, Pan S, Wei X, Xu X, Wei Q. Arming CAR-T cells with cytokines and more: Innovations in the fourth-generation CAR-T development. Mol Ther 2023; 31:3146-3162. [PMID: 37803832 PMCID: PMC10638038 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T) therapy has shown great potential in tumor treatment. However, many factors impair the efficacy of CAR-T therapy, such as antigenic heterogeneity and loss, limited potency and persistence, poor infiltration capacity, and a suppressive tumor microenvironment. To overcome these obstacles, recent studies have reported a new generation of CAR-T cells expressing cytokines called armored CAR-T, TRUCK-T, or the fourth-generation CAR-T. Here we summarize the strategies of arming CAR-T cells with natural or synthetic cytokine signals to enhance their anti-tumor capacity. Moreover, we summarize the advances in CAR-T cells expressing non-cytokine proteins, such as membrane receptors, antibodies, enzymes, co-stimulatory molecules, and transcriptional factors. Furthermore, we discuss several prospective strategies for armored CAR-T therapy development. Altogether, these ideas may provide new insights for the innovations of the next-generation CAR-T therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Tang
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Sheng Pan
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Xuyong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Qiang Wei
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China.
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29
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Giordano Attianese GMP, Ash S, Irving M. Coengineering specificity, safety, and function into T cells for cancer immunotherapy. Immunol Rev 2023; 320:166-198. [PMID: 37548063 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Adoptive T-cell transfer (ACT) therapies, including of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and T cells gene-modified to express either a T cell receptor (TCR) or a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR), have demonstrated clinical efficacy for a proportion of patients and cancer-types. The field of ACT has been driven forward by the clinical success of CD19-CAR therapy against various advanced B-cell malignancies, including curative responses for some leukemia patients. However, relapse remains problematic, in particular for lymphoma. Moreover, for a variety of reasons, relative limited efficacy has been demonstrated for ACT of non-hematological solid tumors. Indeed, in addition to pre-infusion challenges including lymphocyte collection and manufacturing, ACT failure can be attributed to several biological processes post-transfer including, (i) inefficient tumor trafficking, infiltration, expansion and retention, (ii) chronic antigen exposure coupled with insufficient costimulation resulting in T-cell exhaustion, (iii) a range of barriers in the tumor microenvironment (TME) mediated by both tumor cells and suppressive immune infiltrate, (iv) tumor antigen heterogeneity and loss, or down-regulation of antigen presentation machinery, (v) gain of tumor intrinsic mechanisms of resistance such as to apoptosis, and (vi) various forms of toxicity and other adverse events in patients. Affinity-optimized TCRs can improve T-cell function and innovative CAR designs as well as gene-modification strategies can be used to coengineer specificity, safety, and function into T cells. Coengineering strategies can be designed not only to directly support the transferred T cells, but also to block suppressive barriers in the TME and harness endogenous innate and adaptive immunity. Here, we review a selection of the remarkable T-cell coengineering strategies, including of tools, receptors, and gene-cargo, that have been developed in recent years to augment tumor control by ACT, more and more of which are advancing to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Maria Paola Giordano Attianese
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Ash
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Melita Irving
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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30
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Malviya M, Aretz Z, Molvi Z, Lee J, Pierre S, Wallisch P, Dao T, Scheinberg DA. Challenges and solutions for therapeutic TCR-based agents. Immunol Rev 2023; 320:58-82. [PMID: 37455333 PMCID: PMC11141734 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Recent development of methods to discover and engineer therapeutic T-cell receptors (TCRs) or antibody mimics of TCRs, and to understand their immunology and pharmacology, lag two decades behind therapeutic antibodies. Yet we have every expectation that TCR-based agents will be similarly important contributors to the treatment of a variety of medical conditions, especially cancers. TCR engineered cells, soluble TCRs and their derivatives, TCR-mimic antibodies, and TCR-based CAR T cells promise the possibility of highly specific drugs that can expand the scope of immunologic agents to recognize intracellular targets, including mutated proteins and undruggable transcription factors, not accessible by traditional antibodies. Hurdles exist regarding discovery, specificity, pharmacokinetics, and best modality of use that will need to be overcome before the full potential of TCR-based agents is achieved. HLA restriction may limit each agent to patient subpopulations and off-target reactivities remain important barriers to widespread development and use of these new agents. In this review we discuss the unique opportunities for these new classes of drugs, describe their unique antigenic targets, compare them to traditional antibody therapeutics and CAR T cells, and review the various obstacles that must be overcome before full application of these drugs can be realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Malviya
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065
| | - Zita Aretz
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065
- Physiology, Biophysics & Systems Biology Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021
| | - Zaki Molvi
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065
- Physiology, Biophysics & Systems Biology Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021
| | - Jayop Lee
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065
| | - Stephanie Pierre
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065
- Tri-Institutional Medical Scientist Program, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021
| | - Patrick Wallisch
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065
- Pharmacology Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021
| | - Tao Dao
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065
| | - David A. Scheinberg
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065
- Pharmacology Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021
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31
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Kvorjak M, Ruffo E, Tivon Y, So V, Parikh A, Deiters A, Lohmueller J. Conditional Control of Universal CAR T Cells by Cleavable OFF-Switch Adaptors. ACS Synth Biol 2023; 12:2996-3007. [PMID: 37791909 PMCID: PMC10594876 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.3c00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
As living drugs, engineered T cell therapies are revolutionizing disease treatment with their unique functional capabilities. However, they suffer from limitations of potentially unpredictable behavior, toxicities, and nontraditional pharmacokinetics. Engineering conditional control mechanisms responsive to tractable stimuli such as small molecules or light is thus highly desirable. We and others previously developed "universal" chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) that interact with coadministered antibody adaptors to direct target cell killing and T cell activation. Universal CARs are of high therapeutic interest due to their ability to simultaneously target multiple antigens on the same disease or different diseases by combining with adaptors to different antigens. Here, we further enhance the programmability and potential safety of universal CAR T cells by engineering OFF-switch adaptors that can conditionally control CAR activity, including T cell activation, target cell lysis, and transgene expression, in response to a small molecule or light stimulus. Moreover, in adaptor combination assays, OFF-switch adaptors were capable of orthogonal conditional targeting of multiple antigens simultaneously, following Boolean logic. OFF-switch adaptors represent a robust new approach for the precision targeting of universal CAR T cells with potential for enhanced safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kvorjak
- UPMC
Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15232, United States
- Division
of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15232, United States
- Department
of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Center
for Systems Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Elisa Ruffo
- UPMC
Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15232, United States
- Division
of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15232, United States
- Department
of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Center
for Systems Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Yaniv Tivon
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Victor So
- UPMC
Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15232, United States
- Division
of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15232, United States
- Department
of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Center
for Systems Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Avani Parikh
- UPMC
Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15232, United States
- Division
of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15232, United States
- Department
of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Center
for Systems Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Alexander Deiters
- Center
for Systems Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Jason Lohmueller
- UPMC
Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15232, United States
- Division
of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15232, United States
- Department
of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Center
for Systems Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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32
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Singh N, Maus MV. Synthetic manipulation of the cancer-immunity cycle: CAR-T cell therapy. Immunity 2023; 56:2296-2310. [PMID: 37820585 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic immunity to cancer has been pioneered by the application of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) engineering into autologous T cells. CAR T cell therapy is highly amenable to molecular engineering to bypass barriers of the cancer immunity cycle, such as endogenous antigen presentation, immune priming, and natural checkpoints that constrain immune responses. Here, we review CAR T cell design and the mechanisms that drive sustained CAR T cell effector activity and anti-tumor function. We discuss engineering approaches aimed at improving anti-tumor function through a variety of mechanistic interventions for both hematologic and solid tumors. The ability to engineer T cells in such a variety of ways, including by modifying their trafficking, antigen recognition, costimulation, and addition of synthetic genes, circuits, knockouts and base edits to finely tune complex functions, is arguably the most powerful way to manipulate the cancer immunity cycle in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Singh
- Division of Oncology, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Marcela V Maus
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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33
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Horton BL, D’Souza AD, Zagorulya M, McCreery CV, Abhiraman GC, Picton L, Sheen A, Agarwal Y, Momin N, Wittrup KD, White FM, Garcia KC, Spranger S. Overcoming lung cancer immunotherapy resistance by combining nontoxic variants of IL-12 and IL-2. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e172728. [PMID: 37669107 PMCID: PMC10619440 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.172728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Engineered cytokine-based approaches for immunotherapy of cancer are poised to enter the clinic, with IL-12 being at the forefront. However, little is known about potential mechanisms of resistance to cytokine therapies. We found that orthotopic murine lung tumors were resistant to systemically delivered IL-12 fused to murine serum albumin (MSA, IL12-MSA) because of low IL-12 receptor (IL-12R) expression on tumor-reactive CD8+ T cells. IL2-MSA increased binding of IL12-MSA by tumor-reactive CD8+ T cells, and combined administration of IL12-MSA and IL2-MSA led to enhanced tumor-reactive CD8+ T cell effector differentiation, decreased numbers of tumor-infiltrating CD4+ regulatory T cells, and increased survival of lung tumor-bearing mice. Predictably, the combination of IL-2 and IL-12 at therapeutic doses led to significant dose-limiting toxicity. Administering IL-12 and IL-2 analogs with preferential binding to cells expressing Il12rb1 and CD25, respectively, led to a significant extension of survival in mice with lung tumors while abrogating dose-limiting toxicity. These findings suggest that IL-12 and IL-2 represent a rational approach to combination cytokine therapy whose dose-limiting toxicity can be overcome with engineered cytokine variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan L. Horton
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alicia D. D’Souza
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- MIT-Harvard Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maria Zagorulya
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Gita C. Abhiraman
- Program in Immunology
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, and
| | - Lora Picton
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, and
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Allison Sheen
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering and
| | - Yash Agarwal
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering and
| | - Noor Momin
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering and
| | - K. Dane Wittrup
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering and
- Department of Chemical Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Forest M. White
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering and
| | - K. Christopher Garcia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, and
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Stefani Spranger
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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Altvater B, Kailayangiri S, Spurny C, Flügge M, Meltzer J, Greune L, Urban K, Schwöppe C, Brand C, Schliemann C, Hintelmann H, Harrach S, Hartmann W, Abken H, Kuehle J, Schambach A, Görlich D, Berdel WE, Rossig C. CAR T cells as micropharmacies against solid cancers: Combining effector T-cell mediated cell death with vascular targeting in a one-step engineering process. Cancer Gene Ther 2023; 30:1355-1368. [PMID: 37391502 PMCID: PMC10581901 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-023-00642-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
To enhance the potency of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) engineered T cells in solid cancers, we designed a novel cell-based combination strategy with an additional therapeutic mode of action. CAR T cells are used as micropharmacies to produce a targeted pro-coagulatory fusion protein, truncated tissue factor (tTF)-NGR, which exerts pro-coagulatory activity and hypoxia upon relocalization to the vascular endothelial cells that invade tumor tissues. Delivery by CAR T cells aimed to induce locoregional tumor vascular infarction for combined immune-mediated and hypoxic tumor cell death. Human T cells that were one-vector gene-modified to express a GD2-specific CAR along with CAR-inducible tTF-NGR exerted potent GD2-specific effector functions while secreting tTF-NGR that activates the extrinsic coagulation pathway in a strictly GD2-dependent manner. In murine models, the CAR T cells infiltrated GD2-positive tumor xenografts, secreted tTF-NGR into the tumor microenvironment and showed a trend towards superior therapeutic activity compared with control cells producing functionally inactive tTF-NGR. In vitro evidence supports a mechanism of hypoxia-mediated enhancement of T cell cytolytic activity. We conclude that combined CAR T cell targeting with an additional mechanism of antitumor action in a one-vector engineering strategy is a promising approach to be further developed for targeted treatment of solid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Altvater
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Sareetha Kailayangiri
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Christian Spurny
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Maike Flügge
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Jutta Meltzer
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Lea Greune
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Katja Urban
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | | | - Caroline Brand
- Department of Medicine A, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | | | - Heike Hintelmann
- Department of Medicine A, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Saliha Harrach
- Department of Medicine A, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hartmann
- Division of Translational Pathology, Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Hinrich Abken
- Division of Genetic Immunotherapy, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy (LIT), and University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Kuehle
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Axel Schambach
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dennis Görlich
- Institute of Biostatistics and Clinical Research, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Wolfgang E Berdel
- Department of Medicine A, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 - CiM), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Claudia Rossig
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany.
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 - CiM), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany.
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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35
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Palianina D, Di Roberto RB, Castellanos-Rueda R, Schlatter F, Reddy ST, Khanna N. A method for polyclonal antigen-specific T cell-targeted genome editing (TarGET) for adoptive cell transfer applications. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2023; 30:147-160. [PMID: 37448595 PMCID: PMC10336339 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2023.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy of donor-derived, antigen-specific T cells expressing native T cell receptors (TCRs) is a powerful strategy to fight viral infections in immunocompromised patients. Determining the fate of T cells following patient infusion hinges on the ability to track them in vivo. While this is possible by genetic labeling of parent cells, the applicability of this approach has been limited by the non-specificity of the edited T cells. Here, we devised a method for CRISPR-targeted genome integration of a barcoded gene into Epstein-Barr virus-antigen-stimulated T cells and demonstrated its use for exclusively identifying expanded virus-specific cell lineages. Our method facilitated the enrichment of antigen-specific T cells, which then mediated improved cytotoxicity against Epstein-Barr virus-transformed target cells. Single-cell and deep sequencing for lineage tracing revealed the expansion profile of specific T cell clones and their corresponding gene expression signature. This approach has the potential to enhance the traceability and the monitoring capabilities during immunotherapeutic T cell regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darya Palianina
- Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Raphaël B. Di Roberto
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rocío Castellanos-Rueda
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
- Life Science Zurich Graduate School, Systems Biology, ETH Zürich, University of Zurich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Fabrice Schlatter
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sai T. Reddy
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nina Khanna
- Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Divsion of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
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36
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Bourne CM, Wallisch P, Dacek MM, Gardner TJ, Pierre S, Vogt K, Corless BC, Bah MA, Romero-Pichardo JE, Charles A, Kurtz KG, Tan DS, Scheinberg DA. Host Interactions with Engineered T-cell Micropharmacies. Cancer Immunol Res 2023; 11:1253-1265. [PMID: 37379366 PMCID: PMC10472090 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-22-0879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Genetically engineered, cytotoxic, adoptively transferred T cells localize to antigen-positive cancer cells inside patients, but tumor heterogeneity and multiple immune escape mechanisms have prevented the eradication of most solid tumor types. More effective, multifunctional engineered T cells are in development to overcome the barriers to the treatment of solid tumors, but the interactions of these highly modified cells with the host are poorly understood. We previously engineered prodrug-activating enzymatic functions into chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, endowing them with a killing mechanism orthogonal to conventional T-cell cytotoxicity. These drug-delivering cells, termed Synthetic Enzyme-Armed KillER (SEAKER) cells, demonstrated efficacy in mouse lymphoma xenograft models. However, the interactions of an immunocompromised xenograft with such complex engineered T cells are distinct from those in an immunocompetent host, precluding an understanding of how these physiologic processes may affect the therapy. Herein, we expanded the repertoire of SEAKER cells to target solid-tumor melanomas in syngeneic mouse models using specific targeting with T-cell receptor (TCR)-engineered T cells. We demonstrate that SEAKER cells localized specifically to tumors, and activated bioactive prodrugs, despite host immune responses. We additionally show that TCR-engineered SEAKER cells were efficacious in immunocompetent hosts, demonstrating that the SEAKER platform is applicable to many adoptive cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M. Bourne
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Patrick Wallisch
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Pharmacology Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Megan M. Dacek
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Pharmacology Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Thomas J. Gardner
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Stephanie Pierre
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Kristen Vogt
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Broderick C. Corless
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Pharmacology Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Mamadou A. Bah
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jesus E. Romero-Pichardo
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Angel Charles
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Keifer G. Kurtz
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Pharmacology Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Derek S. Tan
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Chemical Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - David A. Scheinberg
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Pharmacology Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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37
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Zhang P, Zhang G, Wan X. Challenges and new technologies in adoptive cell therapy. J Hematol Oncol 2023; 16:97. [PMID: 37596653 PMCID: PMC10439661 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-023-01492-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapies (ACTs) have existed for decades. From the initial infusion of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes to the subsequent specific enhanced T cell receptor (TCR)-T and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapies, many novel strategies for cancer treatment have been developed. Owing to its promising outcomes, CAR-T cell therapy has revolutionized the field of ACTs, particularly for hematologic malignancies. Despite these advances, CAR-T cell therapy still has limitations in both autologous and allogeneic settings, including practicality and toxicity issues. To overcome these challenges, researchers have focused on the application of CAR engineering technology to other types of immune cell engineering. Consequently, several new cell therapies based on CAR technology have been developed, including CAR-NK, CAR-macrophage, CAR-γδT, and CAR-NKT. In this review, we describe the development, advantages, and possible challenges of the aforementioned ACTs and discuss current strategies aimed at maximizing the therapeutic potential of ACTs. We also provide an overview of the various gene transduction strategies employed in immunotherapy given their importance in immune cell engineering. Furthermore, we discuss the possibility that strategies capable of creating a positive feedback immune circuit, as healthy immune systems do, could address the flaw of a single type of ACT, and thus serve as key players in future cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengchao Zhang
- Center for Protein and Cell-based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Guizhong Zhang
- Center for Protein and Cell-based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaochun Wan
- Center for Protein and Cell-based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China.
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38
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Chowdhary S, Deka R, Panda K, Kumar R, Solomon AD, Das J, Kanoujiya S, Gupta AK, Sinha S, Ruokolainen J, Kesari KK, Gupta PK. Recent Updates on Viral Oncogenesis: Available Preventive and Therapeutic Entities. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:3698-3740. [PMID: 37486263 PMCID: PMC10410670 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c01080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Human viral oncogenesis is a complex phenomenon and a major contributor to the global cancer burden. Several recent findings revealed cellular and molecular pathways that promote the development and initiation of malignancy when viruses cause an infection. Even, antiviral treatment has become an approach to eliminate the viral infections and prevent the activation of oncogenesis. Therefore, for a better understanding, the molecular pathogenesis of various oncogenic viruses like, hepatitis virus, human immunodeficiency viral (HIV), human papillomavirus (HPV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), could be explored, especially, to expand many potent antivirals that may escalate the apoptosis of infected malignant cells while sparing normal and healthy ones. Moreover, contemporary therapies, such as engineered antibodies antiviral agents targeting signaling pathways and cell biomarkers, could inhibit viral oncogenesis. This review elaborates the recent advancements in both natural and synthetic antivirals to control viral oncogenesis. The study also highlights the challenges and future perspectives of using antivirals in viral oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivam Chowdhary
- Department
of Industrial Microbiology, Sam Higginbottom
University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj 211007, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Rahul Deka
- Department
of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla
Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - Kingshuk Panda
- Department
of Applied Microbiology, Vellore Institute
of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rohit Kumar
- Department
of Life Sciences, Sharda School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhishikt David Solomon
- Department
of Molecular & Cellular Engineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj 211007, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jimli Das
- Centre
for
Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Dibrugarh
University, Assam 786004, India
| | - Supriya Kanoujiya
- School
of
Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Ashish Kumar Gupta
- Department
of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical
Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Somya Sinha
- Department
of Biotechnology, Graphic Era Deemed to
Be University, Dehradun 248002, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Janne Ruokolainen
- Department
of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto
University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Kavindra Kumar Kesari
- Department
of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto
University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
- Division
of Research and Development, Lovely Professional
University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Piyush Kumar Gupta
- Department
of Life Sciences, Sharda School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department
of Biotechnology, Graphic Era Deemed to
Be University, Dehradun 248002, Uttarakhand, India
- Faculty
of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International
University, Nilai 71800, Malaysia
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39
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Secondino S, Canino C, Alaimo D, Muzzana M, Galli G, Borgetto S, Basso S, Bagnarino J, Pulvirenti C, Comoli P, Pedrazzoli P. Clinical Trials of Cellular Therapies in Solid Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3667. [PMID: 37509328 PMCID: PMC10377409 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past years cancer treatments have drastically changed, mainly due to the development of immune checkpoint inhibitors capable of immune modulation in vivo, thus providing major clinical benefit in a number of malignancies. Simultaneously, considerable technical refinements have opened new prospects for the development of immune cell-based medicinal products and unprecedented success with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells targeting B-cell hematologic malignancies has been obtained. However, T cell therapies introduced and performed in the field of solid tumors have produced so far only limited responses in selected patient populations. This standstill is attributable to the difficulty in identifying target antigens which are homogeneously expressed by all tumor cells while absent from normal tissues, and the limited T cell persistence and proliferation in a hostile tumor microenvironment that favors immune escape. Replicating the results observed in hematology is a major scientific challenge in solid tumors, and ongoing translational and clinical research is focused on obtaining insight into the mechanisms of tumor recognition and evasion, and how to improve the efficacy of cellular therapies, also combining them with immune checkpoint inhibitors or other agents targeting either the cancer cell or the tumor environment. This paper provides an overview of current adaptive T cell therapy approaches in solid tumors, the research performed to increase their efficacy and safety, and results from ongoing clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Secondino
- Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Costanza Canino
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapy, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Domiziana Alaimo
- Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapy, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Marta Muzzana
- Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapy, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giulia Galli
- Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Sabrina Borgetto
- Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapy, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Sabrina Basso
- Cell Factory, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Pediatric Oncoematology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Jessica Bagnarino
- Cell Factory, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Chiara Pulvirenti
- Cell Factory, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Pediatric Oncoematology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Patrizia Comoli
- Cell Factory, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Pediatric Oncoematology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Paolo Pedrazzoli
- Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapy, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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40
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Boulch M, Cazaux M, Cuffel A, Guerin MV, Garcia Z, Alonso R, Lemaître F, Beer A, Corre B, Menger L, Grandjean CL, Morin F, Thieblemont C, Caillat-Zucman S, Bousso P. Tumor-intrinsic sensitivity to the pro-apoptotic effects of IFN-γ is a major determinant of CD4 + CAR T-cell antitumor activity. NATURE CANCER 2023; 4:968-983. [PMID: 37248395 PMCID: PMC10368531 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-023-00570-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
CD4+ T cells and CD4+ chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells display highly variable antitumor activity in preclinical models and in patients; however, the mechanisms dictating how and when CD4+ T cells promote tumor regression are incompletely understood. With the help of functional intravital imaging, we report that interferon (IFN)-γ production but not perforin-mediated cytotoxicity was the dominant mechanism for tumor elimination by anti-CD19 CD4+ CAR T cells. Mechanistically, mouse or human CD4+ CAR T-cell-derived IFN-γ diffused extensively to act on tumor cells at distance selectively killing tumors sensitive to cytokine-induced apoptosis, including antigen-negative variants. In anti-CD19 CAR T-cell-treated patients exhibiting elevated CAR CD4:CD8 ratios, strong induction of serum IFN-γ was associated with increased survival. We propose that the sensitivity of tumor cells to the pro-apoptotic activity of IFN-γ is a major determinant of CD4+ CAR T-cell efficacy and may be considered to guide the use of CD4+ T cells during immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Boulch
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, INSERM U1223, Dynamics of Immune Responses Unit, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Marine Cazaux
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, INSERM U1223, Dynamics of Immune Responses Unit, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Alexis Cuffel
- Université de Paris Cité, Hôpital Saint-Louis, AP-HP Nord, Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Paris, France
- INSERM UMR976, Institut de Recherche St-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Marion V Guerin
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, INSERM U1223, Dynamics of Immune Responses Unit, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Zacarias Garcia
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, INSERM U1223, Dynamics of Immune Responses Unit, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Ruby Alonso
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, INSERM U1223, Dynamics of Immune Responses Unit, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Fabrice Lemaître
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, INSERM U1223, Dynamics of Immune Responses Unit, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Alexander Beer
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, INSERM U1223, Dynamics of Immune Responses Unit, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Béatrice Corre
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, INSERM U1223, Dynamics of Immune Responses Unit, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Laurie Menger
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; INSERM U1015, Villejuif, France
| | - Capucine L Grandjean
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, INSERM U1223, Dynamics of Immune Responses Unit, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Florence Morin
- Université de Paris Cité, Hôpital Saint-Louis, AP-HP Nord, Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Thieblemont
- Service d'Hémato-Oncologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, AP-HP, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Caillat-Zucman
- Université de Paris Cité, Hôpital Saint-Louis, AP-HP Nord, Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Paris, France
- INSERM UMR976, Institut de Recherche St-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Bousso
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, INSERM U1223, Dynamics of Immune Responses Unit, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France.
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41
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Meringa AD, Hernández-López P, Cleven A, de Witte M, Straetemans T, Kuball J, Beringer DX, Sebestyen Z. Strategies to improve γδTCRs engineered T-cell therapies for the treatment of solid malignancies. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1159337. [PMID: 37441064 PMCID: PMC10333927 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1159337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A. D. Meringa
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - P. Hernández-López
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - A. Cleven
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - M. de Witte
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - T. Straetemans
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - J. Kuball
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - D. X. Beringer
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Z. Sebestyen
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Afsahi A, Burchett R, Baker CL, Moore AE, Bramson JL. Constitutive expression of interleukin-27 diminishes proinflammatory cytokine production without impairing effector function of engineered T cells. Cytotherapy 2023:S1465-3249(23)00951-9. [PMID: 37306644 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2023.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Immunomodulatory cytokines can alter the tumor microenvironment and promote tumor eradication. Interleukin (IL)-27 is a pleiotropic cytokine that has potential to augment anti-tumor immunity while also facilitating anti-myeloma activity. We engineered human T cells to express a recombinant single-chain (sc)IL-27 and a synthetic antigen receptor targeting the myeloma antigen, B-cell maturation antigen, and evaluated the anti-tumor function of T cells bearing scIL-27 in vitro and in vivo. We discovered that T cells bearing scIL-27 sustained anti-tumor immunity and cytotoxicity yet manifested a profound reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and tumor necrosis factor alpha. IL-27-expressing T cells therefore present a potential avenue to avert treatment-related toxicities commonly associated with engineered T-cell therapy due to the reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arya Afsahi
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rebecca Burchett
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher L Baker
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Allyson E Moore
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan L Bramson
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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43
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Yin L, Chen GL, Xiang Z, Liu YL, Li XY, Bi JW, Wang Q. Current progress in chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114648. [PMID: 37023621 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cancer in women. Around 20-30% breast cancer patients undergo invasion or metastasis after radical surgical resection and eventually die. Number of breast cancer patients show poor sensitivity toward treatments despite the advances in chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, and molecular targeted treatments. Therapeutic resistance and tumor recurrence or metastasis develop with the ongoing treatments. Conducive treatment strategies are thus required. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T-cell therapy has progressed as a part of tumor immunotherapy. However, CAR-T treatment has not been effective in solid tumors because of tumor microenvironment complexity, inhibitory effects of extracellular matrix, and lacking ideal tumor antigens. Herein, the prospects of CAR-T cell therapy for metastatic breast cancer are discussed, and the targets for CAR-T therapy in breast cancer (HER-2, C-MET, MSLN, CEA, MUC1, ROR1, EGFR) at clinical level are reviewed. Moreover, solutions are proposed for the challenges of breast cancer CAR-T therapy regarding off-target effects, heterogeneous antigen expression by tumor cells and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Ideas for improving the therapeutics of CAR-T cell therapy in metastatic breast cancer are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250023 Jinan, China; Oncology Department, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, 250023 Jinan, China; Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 250355 Jinan, China
| | - Gui-Lai Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250023 Jinan, China; Oncology Department, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, 250023 Jinan, China
| | - Zhuo Xiang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250023 Jinan, China; Oncology Department, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, 250023 Jinan, China
| | - Yu-Lin Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250023 Jinan, China; Oncology Department, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, 250023 Jinan, China
| | - Xing-Yu Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 266003 Qingdao, China
| | - Jing-Wang Bi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250023 Jinan, China; Oncology Department, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, 250023 Jinan, China.
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250023 Jinan, China; Oncology Department, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, 250023 Jinan, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 266003 Qingdao, China.
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Zaidi SE, Moelker E, Singh K, Mohan A, Salgado MA, Essibayi MA, Hotchkiss K, Shen S, Lee W, Sampson J, Khasraw M. Novel Immunotherapeutic Approaches for the Treatment of Glioblastoma. BioDrugs 2023:10.1007/s40259-023-00598-2. [PMID: 37256535 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-023-00598-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is highly aggressive and remains difficult to treat despite being the most common malignant primary brain tumor in adults. Current standard-of-care treatment calls for maximum resection of the tumor mass followed by concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy and further adjuvant chemotherapy if necessary. Despite this regimen, prognosis remains grim. Immunotherapy has shown promising success in a variety of solid tumor types, but efficacy in glioblastoma is yet to be demonstrated. Barriers to the success of immunotherapy in glioblastoma include: a heterogeneous tumor cell population, a highly immunosuppressive microenvironment, and the blood-brain barrier, to name a few. Several immunotherapeutic approaches are actively being investigated and developed to overcome these limitations. In this review, we present different classes of immunotherapy targeting glioblastoma, their most recent results, and potential future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saïf Eddine Zaidi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center at Duke, Durham, NC, USA
- School of Medicine, University of Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Eliese Moelker
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center at Duke, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kirit Singh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center at Duke, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Aditya Mohan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center at Duke, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Miguel A Salgado
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center at Duke, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Muhammed Amir Essibayi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kelly Hotchkiss
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center at Duke, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Steven Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center at Duke, Durham, NC, USA
| | - William Lee
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - John Sampson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center at Duke, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Mustafa Khasraw
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center at Duke, Durham, NC, USA.
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Kvorjak M, Ruffo E, Tivon Y, So V, Parikh AB, Deiters A, Lohmueller J. Conditional control of universal CAR T cells by cleavable OFF-switch adaptors. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.22.541664. [PMID: 37292935 PMCID: PMC10245878 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.22.541664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
As living drugs, engineered T cell therapies are revolutionizing disease treatment with their unique functional capabilities. However, they suffer from limitations of potentially unpredictable behavior, toxicities, and non-traditional pharmacokinetics. Engineering conditional control mechanisms responsive to tractable stimuli such as small molecules or light is thus highly desirable. We and others previously developed "universal" chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) that interact with co-administered antibody adaptors to direct target cell killing and T cell activation. Universal CARs are of high therapeutic interest due to their ability to simultaneously target multiple antigens on the same disease or different diseases by combining with adaptors to different antigens. Here, we further enhance the programmability and potential safety of universal CAR T cells by engineering OFF-switch adaptors that can conditionally control CAR activity, including T cell activation, target cell lysis, and transgene expression, in response to a small molecule or light stimulus. Moreover, in adaptor combination assays, OFF-switch adaptors were capable of orthogonal conditional targeting of multiple antigens simultaneously following Boolean logic. OFF-switch adaptors represent a robust new approach for precision targeting of universal CAR T cells with potential for enhanced safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kvorjak
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
- University of Pittsburgh, Center for Systems Immunology, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Elisa Ruffo
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
- University of Pittsburgh, Center for Systems Immunology, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Yaniv Tivon
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Chemistry, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Victor So
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
- University of Pittsburgh, Center for Systems Immunology, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Avani B. Parikh
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
- University of Pittsburgh, Center for Systems Immunology, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Alexander Deiters
- University of Pittsburgh, Center for Systems Immunology, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Chemistry, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Jason Lohmueller
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
- University of Pittsburgh, Center for Systems Immunology, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
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Bourne CM, Wallisch P, Dacek M, Gardner T, Pierre S, Vogt K, Corless BC, Bah MA, Romero Pichardo J, Charles A, Kurtz KG, Tan DS, Scheinberg DA. Host-cell Interactions of Engineered T cell Micropharmacies. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.05.535717. [PMID: 37205431 PMCID: PMC10187158 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.05.535717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Genetically engineered, cytotoxic, adoptive T cells localize to antigen positive cancer cells inside patients, but tumor heterogeneity and multiple immune escape mechanisms have prevented the eradication of most solid tumor types. More effective, multifunctional engineered T cells are in development to overcome the barriers to the treatment of solid tumors, but the interactions of these highly modified cells with the host are poorly understood. We previously engineered prodrug-activating enzymatic functions into chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, endowing them with an orthogonal killing mechanism to conventional T-cell cytotoxicity. These drug-delivering cells, termed Synthetic Enzyme-Armed KillER (SEAKER) cells, demonstrated efficacy in mouse lymphoma xenograft models. However, the interactions of an immunocompromised xenograft with such complex engineered T cells are distinct from those in an immunocompetent host, precluding an understanding of how these physiologic processes may affect the therapy. Here, we also expand the repertoire of SEAKER cells to target solid-tumor melanomas in syngeneic mouse models using specific targeting with TCR-engineered T cells. We demonstrate that SEAKER cells localize specifically to tumors, and activate bioactive prodrugs, despite host immune responses. We additionally show that TCR-engineered SEAKER cells are efficacious in immunocompetent hosts, demonstrating that the SEAKER platform is applicable to many adoptive cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M. Bourne
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA 10065
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA 10065
| | - Patrick Wallisch
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA 10065
- Pharmacology Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA, 10021
| | - Megan Dacek
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA 10065
- Pharmacology Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA, 10021
| | - Thomas Gardner
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA 10065
| | - Stephanie Pierre
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA 10065
- Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Kristen Vogt
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA 10065
- Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA, 10065
| | - Broderick C. Corless
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA 10065
- Pharmacology Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA, 10021
| | - Mamadou A. Bah
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA 10065
| | - Jesus Romero Pichardo
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA 10065
- Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Angel Charles
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA 10065
| | - Keifer G. Kurtz
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA 10065
- Pharmacology Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA, 10021
| | - Derek S. Tan
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA 10065
- Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA, 10065
- Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Chemical Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA, 10065
| | - David A. Scheinberg
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA 10065
- Pharmacology Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA, 10021
- Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA, 10065
- Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
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47
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Jaspers JE, Khan JF, Godfrey WD, Lopez AV, Ciampricotti M, Rudin CM, Brentjens RJ. IL-18-secreting CAR T cells targeting DLL3 are highly effective in small cell lung cancer models. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e166028. [PMID: 36951942 PMCID: PMC10145930 DOI: 10.1172/jci166028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) generally have a poor prognosis and a median overall survival of only about 13 months, indicating the urgent need for novel therapies. Delta-like protein 3 (DLL3) has been identified as a tumor-specific cell surface marker on neuroendocrine cancers, including SCLC. In this study, we developed a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) against DLL3 that displays antitumor efficacy in xenograft and murine SCLC models. CAR T cell expression of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-18 greatly enhanced the potency of DLL3-targeting CAR T cell therapy. In a murine metastatic SCLC model, IL-18 production increased the activation of both CAR T cells and endogenous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. We also observed an increased infiltration, repolarization, and activation of antigen-presenting cells. Additionally, human IL-18-secreting anti-DLL3 CAR T cells showed an increased memory phenotype, less exhaustion, and induced durable responses in multiple SCLC models, an effect that could be further enhanced with anti-PD-1 blockade. All together, these results define DLL3-targeting CAR T cells that produce IL-18 as a potentially promising novel strategy against DLL3-expressing solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janneke E. Jaspers
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - William D. Godfrey
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Andrea V. Lopez
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Metamia Ciampricotti
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Charles M. Rudin
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Thoracic Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Renier J. Brentjens
- Weill Cornell School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
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48
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Ascierto PA, Brentjens R, Khleif SN, Odunsi K, Rezvani K, Ruella M, Sullivan RJ, Fox BA, Puzanov I. The "Great Debate" at Immunotherapy Bridge 2022, Naples, November 30th-December 1st, 2022. J Transl Med 2023; 21:275. [PMID: 37087493 PMCID: PMC10122806 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04117-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The 2022 Immunotherapy Bridge congress (November 30-December 1, Naples, Italy) featured a Great Debate session which addressed three contemporary topics in the field of immunotherapy. The debates included counterpoint views from leading experts and considered whether adoptive cell therapy (ACT) has a role in the treatment of solid tumors, the use of peripheral/blood biomarkers versus tumor microenvironment biomarkers for cancer immunotherapy and the role of chimeric antigen receptor T cell versus natural killer cell therapy. As is the tradition in the Immunotherapy Bridge Great Debates, speakers are invited by the meeting Chairs to express one side of the assigned debate and the opinions given may not fully reflect their own personal views. Audiences voted in favour of either side of the topic both before and after each debate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo A Ascierto
- Department of Melanoma, Cancer Immunotherapy and Innovative Therapy, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS "Fondazione G. Pascale", Naples, Italy.
| | - Renier Brentjens
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Samir N Khleif
- The Loop Immuno Oncology Laboratory, Georgetown University Medical School, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kunle Odunsi
- University of Chicago Medicine Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Katayoun Rezvani
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Marco Ruella
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies and Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ryan J Sullivan
- Melanoma Program, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bernard A Fox
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center, Providence Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Igor Puzanov
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
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Dacek MM, Kurtz KG, Wallisch P, Pierre SA, Khayat S, Bourne CM, Gardner TJ, Vogt KC, Aquino N, Younes A, Scheinberg DA. Potentiating antibody-dependent killing of cancers with CAR T cells secreting CD47-SIRPα checkpoint blocker. Blood 2023; 141:2003-2015. [PMID: 36696633 PMCID: PMC10163312 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022016101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has shown success in the treatment of hematopoietic malignancies; however, relapse remains a significant issue. To overcome this, we engineered "Orexi" CAR T cells to locally secrete a high-affinity CD47 blocker, CV1, at the tumor and treated tumors in combination with an orthogonally targeted monoclonal antibody. Traditional CAR T cells plus the antibody had an additive effect in xenograft models, and this effect was potentiated by CAR T-cell local CV1 secretion. Furthermore, OrexiCAR-secreted CV1 reversed the immunosuppression of myelomonocytoid cells both in vitro and within the tumor microenvironment. Local secretion of the CD47 inhibitor bypasses the CD47 sink found on all cells in the body and may prevent systemic toxicities. This combination of CAR T-cell therapy, local CD47 blockade, and orthogonal antibody may be a combinatorial strategy to overcome the limitations of each monotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M. Dacek
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY
- Pharmacology Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Keifer G. Kurtz
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY
- Pharmacology Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Patrick Wallisch
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY
- Pharmacology Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Stephanie A. Pierre
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY
- Tri-institutunal MD-PhD Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Shireen Khayat
- Pharmacology Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY
| | - Christopher M. Bourne
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Thomas J. Gardner
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY
| | - Kristen C. Vogt
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY
- Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Nica Aquino
- Antitumor Assessment Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Anas Younes
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - David A. Scheinberg
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY
- Pharmacology Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
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50
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Neo SY, Xu S, Chong J, Lam KP, Wu J. Harnessing novel strategies and cell types to overcome immune tolerance during adoptive cell therapy in cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:jitc-2022-006434. [PMID: 37100458 PMCID: PMC10151952 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-006434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy encompasses an expanding spectrum of cell-based regimes for the treatment of human ailments, such as the use of immune cells, in particular T cells, for combating tumors and the modulation of inflammatory immune responses. In this review, we focus on cell therapy in the immuno-oncology space, which is largely driven by interests and demands from the clinics for better solutions to target various hard-to-treat cancers. We discuss recent advances in various types of cell therapies, including T cell receptor-T cells, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and natural killer cells. Particularly, the present review focuses on the strategies to improve therapeutic responses by either enhancing tumor recognition or the resilience of infused immune cells within tumor microenvironment. Finally, we discuss the potential of other innate or innate-like immune cell types currently being explored as promising CAR-cell alternatives that seek to address the limitations of conventional adoptive cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Yong Neo
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shengli Xu
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Joni Chong
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Kong-Peng Lam
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, People's Republic of China
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