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Ueda K, Chin SS, Sato N, Nishikawa M, Yasuda K, Miyasaka N, Bera BS, Chorro L, Doña-Termine R, Koba WR, Reynolds D, Steidl UG, Lauvau G, Greally JM, Suzuki M. Prenatal vitamin D deficiency exposure leads to long-term changes in immune cell proportions. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19899. [PMID: 39191975 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-70911-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is a common deficiency worldwide, particularly among women of reproductive age. During pregnancy, it increases the risk of immune-related diseases in offspring later in life. However, how the body remembers exposure to an adverse environment during development is poorly understood. Herein, we explore the effects of prenatal vitamin D deficiency on immune cell proportions in offspring using vitamin D deficient mice established by dietary manipulation. We found that prenatal vitamin D deficiency alters immune cell proportions in offspring by changing the transcriptional properties of genes downstream of vitamin D receptor signaling in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells of both the fetus and adults. Moreover, further investigations of the associations between maternal vitamin D levels and cord blood immune cell profiles from 75 healthy pregnant women and their term offspring also confirm that maternal vitamin D levels in the second trimester significantly affect immune cell proportions in the offspring. These findings imply that the differentiation properties of hematopoiesis act as long-term memories of prenatal vitamin D deficiency exposure in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Ueda
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Department of Blood Transfusion and Transplantation Immunology, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Shu Shien Chin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1301 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Noriko Sato
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, Japan Women's University, 2-8-1 Mejirodai, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8681, Japan
| | - Miyu Nishikawa
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama, 939-0398, Japan
| | - Kaori Yasuda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama, 939-0398, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Miyasaka
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Medical and Dental Sciences, Systemic Organ Regulation, Comprehensive Reproductive Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Betelehem Solomon Bera
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1301 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Laurent Chorro
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1301 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Reanna Doña-Termine
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1301 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Wade R Koba
- Department of Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - David Reynolds
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1301 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Ulrich G Steidl
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Department of Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine-Montefiore Medical Center, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Montefiore-Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine-Montefiore Medical Center, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Gregoire Lauvau
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1301 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - John M Greally
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1301 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine-Montefiore Medical Center, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Masako Suzuki
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1301 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, 2253 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77840, USA.
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Yang Y, Nie X, Wang Y, Sun J, Gao X, Zhang J. Evolving insights into erythrocytes in synucleinopathies. Trends Neurosci 2024:S0166-2236(24)00119-X. [PMID: 39043489 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2024.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Synucleinopathies, including Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple system atrophy (MSA), and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), are characterized by neuronal loss accompanied by α-synuclein (α-syn) accumulation in the brain. While research conventionally focused on brain pathology, there is growing interest in peripheral alterations. Erythrocytes, which are rich in α-syn, have emerged as a compelling site for synucleinopathies-related alterations. Erythrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs), containing pathological α-syn species, can traverse the blood-brain barrier (BBB) under certain conditions and the gastrointestinal tract, where α-syn and gut microbiota interact extensively. This review explores the accumulating evidence of erythrocyte involvement in synucleinopathies, as well as their potential in disease pathogenesis and diagnosis. Given their unique properties, erythrocytes and erythrocyte-derived EVs may also serve as an ideal therapeutic platform for treating synucleinopathies and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqian Nie
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yajie Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University & Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Cell Biology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University & Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaofei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; National Health and Disease Human Brain Tissue Resource Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Ueda K, Chin SS, Sato N, NIshikawa M, Yasuda K, Miyasaka N, Bera BS, Chorro L, Dona-Termine R, Koba WR, Reynolds D, Steidl UG, Lauvau G, Greally JM, Suzuki M. Prenatal vitamin D deficiency alters immune cell proportions of young adult offspring through alteration of long-term stem cell fates. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.09.11.557255. [PMID: 37745570 PMCID: PMC10515841 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.11.557255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is a common deficiency worldwide, particularly among women of reproductive age. During pregnancy, it increases the risk of immune-related diseases in offspring later in life. However, exactly how the body remembers exposure to an adverse environment during development is poorly understood. Herein, we explore the effects of prenatal vitamin D deficiency on immune cell proportions in offspring using vitamin D deficient mice established by dietary manipulation. We found that prenatal vitamin D deficiency alters immune cell proportions in offspring by changing the transcriptional properties of genes downstream of vitamin D receptor signaling in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells of both the fetus and adults. Our results suggest the role of cellular differentiation properties of the hematopoiesis as the long-term memories of prenatal exposure at the adult stage. Moreover, further investigations of the associations between maternal vitamin D levels and cord blood immune cell profiles from 75 healthy pregnant women and their term babies also confirm that maternal vitamin D levels in the second trimester significantly affect immune cell proportions in the babies. This highlights the importance of providing vitamin D supplementation at specific stages of pregnancy.
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Wang K, Hou L, Wang X, Zhai X, Lu Z, Zi Z, Zhai W, He X, Curtis C, Zhou D, Hu Z. PhyloVelo enhances transcriptomic velocity field mapping using monotonically expressed genes. Nat Biotechnol 2024; 42:778-789. [PMID: 37524958 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-023-01887-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is a powerful approach for studying cellular differentiation, but accurately tracking cell fate transitions can be challenging, especially in disease conditions. Here we introduce PhyloVelo, a computational framework that estimates the velocity of transcriptomic dynamics by using monotonically expressed genes (MEGs) or genes with expression patterns that either increase or decrease, but do not cycle, through phylogenetic time. Through integration of scRNA-seq data with lineage information, PhyloVelo identifies MEGs and reconstructs a transcriptomic velocity field. We validate PhyloVelo using simulated data and Caenorhabditis elegans ground truth data, successfully recovering linear, bifurcated and convergent differentiations. Applying PhyloVelo to seven lineage-traced scRNA-seq datasets, generated using CRISPR-Cas9 editing, lentiviral barcoding or immune repertoire profiling, demonstrates its high accuracy and robustness in inferring complex lineage trajectories while outperforming RNA velocity. Additionally, we discovered that MEGs across tissues and organisms share similar functions in translation and ribosome biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Liangzhen Hou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Xin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiangwei Zhai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaolian Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhike Zi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weiwei Zhai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Xionglei He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Christina Curtis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Da Zhou
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
- National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| | - Zheng Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
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5
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Prabhu M, Louis JM, Kuller JA. Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine Statement: RhD immune globulin after spontaneous or induced abortion at less than 12 weeks of gestation. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2024; 230:B2-B5. [PMID: 38417536 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2024.02.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Guidelines for the management of first-trimester spontaneous and induced abortion vary in terms of rhesus factor D (RhD) testing and RhD immune globulin (RhIg) administration. These existing guidelines are based on limited data that do not convincingly demonstrate the safety of withholding RhIg for first-trimester abortions or pregnancy losses. Given the adverse fetal and neonatal outcomes associated with RhD alloimmunization, prevention of maternal sensitization is essential in RhD-negative patients who may experience subsequent pregnancies. In care settings in which RhD testing and RhIg administration are logistically and financially feasible and do not hinder access to abortion care, we recommend offering both RhD testing and RhIg administration for spontaneous and induced abortion at <12 weeks of gestation in unsensitized, RhD-negative individuals. Guidelines for RhD testing and RhIg administration in the first trimester must balance the prevention of alloimmunization with the individual- and population-level harms of restricted access to abortion.
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6
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Brickley MB. Perspectives on anemia: Factors confounding understanding of past occurrence. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2024; 44:90-104. [PMID: 38181478 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This paper reviews factors confounding the understanding of the past occurrence of anemia. Using the evidence gathered, a framework is presented of ways forward to enable greater confidence in diagnosing acquired anemia in paleopathology, facilitating insights into longer-term perspectives on this globally relevant condition. RESULTS To date, porotic lesions have been central to paleopathological investigations of anemia. The fact that porotic bone lesions are omnipresent and have multiple causes but are likely to have a relatively low, age-related frequency in individuals with anemia, a condition that will have been common in past communities, is confounding. METHODS Establishing frameworks that move away from porotic lesions is proposed to facilitate higher levels of more accurate anemia diagnoses in paleopathology. SIGNIFICANCE Acceptance of the fundamental principle that anemia may be better considered as a condition requiring metric evaluation of bone structures, supplemented by careful consideration of lesions, will advance understanding of acquired anemia in past communities. Such an approach would provide a clear basis for further consideration of congenital conditions causing anemia, such as sickle-cell disease and thalassemia. LIMITATIONS This paper simply opens the conversation on the better diagnosis of anemia in paleopathology; it starts the iterative process of achieving some consensus and progress on diagnosing anemia in paleopathology. SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH Engagement with ideas presented, sharing data and development of metric parameters will assist in identifying the effects of marrow hyperplasia on bone, enabling more robust work on the important topic of anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan B Brickley
- McMaster University, Department of Anthropology, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L9, Canada.
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Bai Z, Zhang D, Gao Y, Tao B, Bao S, Enninful A, Zhang D, Su G, Tian X, Zhang N, Xiao Y, Liu Y, Gerstein M, Li M, Xing Y, Lu J, Xu ML, Fan R. Spatially Exploring RNA Biology in Archival Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Tissues. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.06.579143. [PMID: 38370833 PMCID: PMC10871202 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.06.579143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Spatial transcriptomics has emerged as a powerful tool for dissecting spatial cellular heterogeneity but as of today is largely limited to gene expression analysis. Yet, the life of RNA molecules is multifaceted and dynamic, requiring spatial profiling of different RNA species throughout the life cycle to delve into the intricate RNA biology in complex tissues. Human disease-relevant tissues are commonly preserved as formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) blocks, representing an important resource for human tissue specimens. The capability to spatially explore RNA biology in FFPE tissues holds transformative potential for human biology research and clinical histopathology. Here, we present Patho-DBiT combining in situ polyadenylation and deterministic barcoding for spatial full coverage transcriptome sequencing, tailored for probing the diverse landscape of RNA species even in clinically archived FFPE samples. It permits spatial co-profiling of gene expression and RNA processing, unveiling region-specific splicing isoforms, and high-sensitivity transcriptomic mapping of clinical tumor FFPE tissues stored for five years. Furthermore, genome-wide single nucleotide RNA variants can be captured to distinguish different malignant clones from non-malignant cells in human lymphomas. Patho-DBiT also maps microRNA-mRNA regulatory networks and RNA splicing dynamics, decoding their roles in spatial tumorigenesis trajectory. High resolution Patho-DBiT at the cellular level reveals a spatial neighborhood and traces the spatiotemporal kinetics driving tumor progression. Patho-DBiT stands poised as a valuable platform to unravel rich RNA biology in FFPE tissues to study human tissue biology and aid in clinical pathology evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiliang Bai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Dingyao Zhang
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Yan Gao
- Center for Computational and Genomic Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Bo Tao
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Shuozhen Bao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Archibald Enninful
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Daiwei Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Graham Su
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Xiaolong Tian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Ningning Zhang
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Yang Xiao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Mark Gerstein
- Section on Biomedical Informatics and Data Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Mingyao Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yi Xing
- Center for Computational and Genomic Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Yale Stem Cell Center and Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Mina L. Xu
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Rong Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Yale Stem Cell Center and Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Human and Translational Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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Harry GJ. Developmental Associations between Neurovascularization and Microglia Colonization. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1281. [PMID: 38279280 PMCID: PMC10816009 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The temporal and spatial pattern of microglia colonization and vascular infiltration of the nervous system implies critical associated roles in early stages of nervous system development. Adding to existing reviews that cover a broad spectrum of the various roles of microglia during brain development, the current review will focus on the developmental ontogeny and interdependency between the colonization of the nervous system with yolk sac derived macrophages and vascularization. Gaining a better understanding of the timing and the interdependency of these two processes will significantly contribute to the interpretation of data generated regarding alterations in either process during early development. Additionally, such knowledge should provide a framework for understanding the influence of the early gestational environmental and the impact of genetics, disease, disorders, or exposures on the early developing nervous system and the potential for long-term and life-time effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Jean Harry
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute Environmental Health Sciences, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA
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Papaioannou VE, Behringer RR. Analysis of Mid- to Late-Gestation Phenotypes in Mice. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2024; 2024:107973. [PMID: 37932082 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.over107973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Mid- to late gestation is characterized by tissue differentiation, maturation, organogenesis, and growth, and many mutant genes have detrimental effects during this phase of development. The outcome may be lethal before birth or may be compatible with life but result in birth defects. Some of the common causes of death during late gestation are hematopoietic defects, cardiovascular problems, and placental insufficiency. Many morphological abnormalities, lethal or not, can be investigated with gross and histological analyses or by visualization of the developing skeleton. Molecular characterization of mutant phenotypes, guided by the expression pattern of the mutant gene, can reveal disruptions in gene expression patterns of known developmental genes. Cell proliferation and cell death assays will reveal disruptions in cellular dynamics. Various modalities of 3D imaging of intact embryos can provide volumetric information about mutant phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia E Papaioannou
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Richard R Behringer
- Department of Genetics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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10
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Nakanishi K. When Argonaute takes out the ribonuclease sword. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105499. [PMID: 38029964 PMCID: PMC10772731 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Argonaute (AGO) proteins in all three domains of life form ribonucleoprotein or deoxyribonucleoprotein complexes by loading a guide RNA or DNA, respectively. Since all AGOs retain a PIWI domain that takes an RNase H fold, the ancestor was likely an endoribonuclease (i.e., a slicer). In animals, most miRNA-mediated gene silencing occurs slicer independently. However, the slicer activity of AGO is indispensable in specific events, such as development and differentiation, which are critical for vertebrates and thus cannot be replaced by the slicer-independent regulation. This review highlights the distinctions in catalytic activation mechanisms among slicing-competent AGOs, shedding light on the roles of two metal ions in target recognition and cleavage. The precision of the target specificity by the RNA-induced silencing complexes is reevaluated and redefined. The possible coevolutionary relationship between slicer-independent gene regulation and AGO-binding protein, GW182, is also explored. These discussions reveal that numerous captivating questions remain unanswered regarding the timing and manner in which AGOs employ their slicing activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Nakanishi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA; Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
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11
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Harry GJ. Microglia Colonization Associated with Angiogenesis and Neural Cell Development. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2024; 37:163-178. [PMID: 39207692 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-55529-9_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The temporal and spatial pattern of microglia colonization of the nervous system implies a role in early stages of organ development including cell proliferation, differentiation, and neurovascularization. As microglia colonize and establish within the developing nervous system, they assume a neural-specific identity and contribute to key developmental events. Their association around blood vessels implicates them in development of the vascular system or vice versa. A similar association has been reported for neural cell proliferation and associated phenotypic shifts and for cell fate differentiation to neuronal or glial phenotypes. These processes are accomplished by phagocytic activities, cell-cell contact relationships, and secretion of various factors. This chapter will present data currently available from studies evaluating the dynamic and interactive nature of these processes throughout the progression of nervous system development.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Jean Harry
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
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12
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Rabaglino MB, Sánchez JM, McDonald M, O’Callaghan E, Lonergan P. Maternal blood transcriptome as a sensor of fetal organ maturation at the end of organogenesis in cattle†. Biol Reprod 2023; 109:749-758. [PMID: 37658765 PMCID: PMC10651065 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioad103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Harnessing information from the maternal blood to predict fetal growth is attractive yet scarcely explored in livestock. The objectives were to determine the transcriptomic modifications in maternal blood and fetal liver, gonads, and heart according to fetal weight and to model a molecular signature based on the fetal organs allowing the prediction of fetal weight from the maternal blood transcriptome in cattle. In addition to a contemporaneous maternal blood sample, organ samples were collected from 10 male fetuses at 42 days of gestation for RNA-sequencing. Fetal weight ranged from 1.25 to 1.69 g (mean = 1.44 ± 0.15 g). Clustering data analysis revealed clusters of co-expressed genes positively correlated with fetal weight and enriching ontological terms biologically relevant for the organ. For the heart, the 1346 co-expressed genes were involved in energy generation and protein synthesis. For the gonads, the 1042 co-expressed genes enriched seminiferous tubule development. The 459 co-expressed genes identified in the liver were associated with lipid synthesis and metabolism. Finally, the cluster of 571 co-expressed genes determined in maternal blood enriched oxidative phosphorylation and thermogenesis. Next, data from the fetal organs were used to train a regression model of fetal weight, which was predicted with the maternal blood data. The best prediction was achieved when the model was trained with 35 co-expressed genes overlapping between heart and maternal blood (root-mean-square error = 0.04, R2 = 0.93). In conclusion, linking transcriptomic information from maternal blood with that from the fetal heart unveiled maternal blood as a predictor of fetal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Belen Rabaglino
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - José María Sánchez
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael McDonald
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Elena O’Callaghan
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Pat Lonergan
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Mao A, Li Z, Ning G, Zhou Z, Wei C, Li J, He X, Wang Q. Sclerotome-derived PDGF signaling functions as a niche cue responsible for primitive erythropoiesis. Development 2023; 150:dev201807. [PMID: 37882745 PMCID: PMC10690055 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Primitive erythropoiesis serves a vital role in embryonic development, generating primitive red blood cells responsible for transportation of oxygen throughout the body. Although diverse niche factors are known to function in definitive hematopoiesis, the microenvironment contributing to primitive hematopoiesis remains largely elusive. Here, we report that platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) signaling is required for erythroid progenitor differentiation in zebrafish. Ablating pdgfαa (also known as pdgfaa) and pdgfαb (also known as pdgfab) or blocking PDGF signaling with an inhibitor impairs erythroid progenitor differentiation, thus resulting in a significant decrease in the number of erythrocytes. We reveal that pdgfαb is expressed in sclerotomal cells, and that its receptor genes, pdgfra and pdgfrb, are expressed in the adjacent erythroid progenitor cells. Sclerotome-specific overexpression of pdgfαb effectively restores primitive erythropoiesis in pdgfαa-/-;pdgfαb-/- mutant embryos. In addition, we have defined ERK1/2 signaling as a downstream pathway of PDGF signaling during embryonic erythropoiesis. Taken together, our findings indicate that PDGF signaling derived from sclerotome functions as a niche cue for primitive erythropoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihua Mao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
| | - Zhuyun Li
- Innovation Centre of Ministry of Education for Development and Diseases, Sixth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Guozhu Ning
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University and Key Laboratory of Zebrafish Model for Development and Disease, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Zhengrong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chiju Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
| | - Jianchao Li
- Innovation Centre of Ministry of Education for Development and Diseases, Sixth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xinyu He
- Innovation Centre of Ministry of Education for Development and Diseases, Sixth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Innovation Centre of Ministry of Education for Development and Diseases, Sixth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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14
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Chang Y, Hummel SN, Jung J, Jin G, Deng Q, Bao X. Engineered hematopoietic and immune cells derived from human pluripotent stem cells. Exp Hematol 2023; 127:14-27. [PMID: 37611730 PMCID: PMC10615717 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2023.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
For the past decade, significant advances have been achieved in human hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation for treating various blood diseases and cancers. However, challenges remain with the quality control, amount, and cost of HSCs and HSC-derived immune cells. The advent of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) may transform HSC transplantation and cancer immunotherapy by providing a cost-effective and scalable cell source for fundamental studies and translational applications. In this review, we discuss the current developments in the field of stem cell engineering for hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) differentiation and further differentiation of HSPCs into functional immune cells. The key advances in stem cell engineering include the generation of HSPCs from hPSCs, genetic modification of hPSCs, and hPSC-derived HSPCs for improved function, further differentiation of HPSCs into functional immune cells, and applications of cell culture platforms for hematopoietic cell manufacturing. Current challenges impeding the translation of hPSC-HSPCs and immune cells as well as further directions to address these challenges are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Chang
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana; Purdue University Institute for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Sydney N Hummel
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana; Purdue University Institute for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Juhyung Jung
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana; Purdue University Institute for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Gyuhyung Jin
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana; Purdue University Institute for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Qing Deng
- Purdue University Institute for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, Indiana; Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Xiaoping Bao
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana; Purdue University Institute for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, Indiana.
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15
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Broyles D, Philibert R. Precision epigenetics provides a scalable pathway for improving coronary heart disease care globally. Epigenomics 2023; 15:805-818. [PMID: 37702023 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2023-0233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the world's leading cause of death. Up to 90% of all CHD deaths are preventable, but effective prevention of this mortality requires more scalable, precise methods for assessing CHD status and monitoring treatment response. Unfortunately, current diagnostic methods have barriers to implementation, particularly in rural areas and lower-income countries. This gap may be bridged by highly scalable advances in DNA methylation testing methods and artificial intelligence. Herein, we review prior studies of CHD related to methylation alone and in combination with other biovariables. We compare these new methods with established methods for diagnosing CHD. Finally, we outline pathways through which methylation-based testing methods may allow the democratization of improved methods for assessing CHD globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damon Broyles
- Mercy Technology Services, St. Louis, MO 63127, USA
- Mercy Precision Medicine, Chesterfield, MO 63017, USA
| | - Robert Philibert
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Cardio Diagnostics Inc, Chicago, IL 60642, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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16
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Wang Q, Poole RA, Opyrchal M. Understanding and targeting erythroid progenitor cells for effective cancer therapy. Curr Opin Hematol 2023; 30:137-143. [PMID: 37052294 PMCID: PMC10242517 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW It is well described that tumor-directed aberrant myelopoiesis contributes to the generation of various myeloid populations with tumor-promoting properties. A growing number of recent studies have revealed the importance of the previously unappreciated roles of erythroid progenitor cells (EPCs) in the context of cancer, bringing the updated concept that altered erythropoiesis also facilitates tumor growth and progression. Better characterization of EPCs may provide attractive therapeutic opportunities. RECENT FINDINGS EPCs represent a heterogeneous population. They exhibit crucial pro-tumor activities by secreting growth factors and modulating the immune response. Cancers induce potent EPC expansion and suppress their differentiation. Recent single-cell transcriptome and lineage tracking analyses have provided novel insight that tumor-induced EPCs are able to be transdifferentiated into immunosuppressive myeloid cells to limit T-cell function and immunotherapy. Therapeutic strategies targeting key factors of EPC-driven immunosuppression, reducing the amount of EPCs, and promoting EPC differentiation and maturation have been extensively investigated. SUMMARY This review summarizes the current state of knowledge as to the fascinating biology of EPCs, highlights mechanisms by which they exert the tumor promoting activities, as well as the perspectives on future directions and strategies to target these cells for potential therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfei Wang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Rylee A. Poole
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Mateusz Opyrchal
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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17
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Liu R, Zhang X, Nie L, Sun S, Liu J, Chen H. Heme oxygenase 1 in erythropoiesis: an important regulator beyond catalyzing heme catabolism. Ann Hematol 2023; 102:1323-1332. [PMID: 37046065 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-023-05193-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), encoded by the HMOX-1 gene, is the main heme oxygenase that catalyzes the degradation of heme into iron, carbon monoxide, and biliverdin. HMOX-1 gene expression is stimulated by oxidative stress and regulated at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. After translation, subcellular location and protein stability of HO-1 are also altered by different extracellular and intracellular stimuli. HO-1 plays a key role in regulating iron homeostasis and cell protection and has become a new target for disease treatment. Erythropoiesis is a tightly controlled, iron-dependent process that begins with hematopoietic stem cells and maturates to red blood cells. HO-1 is expressed in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, hematopoietic niche cells, erythroblasts, and especially erythroblastic island and phagocytic macrophages. HO-1 functions importantly in the entire erythroid development process by influencing hematopoietic stem cell proliferation, erythroid lineage engagement, terminal erythroid differentiation, and even senescent RBC erythrophagocytosis. HO-1 is also related to stress erythropoiesis and certain red blood cell diseases. Elucidation of HO-1 regulation and function in erythropoiesis will be of great significance for the treatment of related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences; Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410078, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuzhi Zhang
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences; Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410078, People's Republic of China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410013, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Nie
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuming Sun
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences; Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410078, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences; Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410078, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiyong Chen
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences; Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410078, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Acuña F, Portiansky EL, Miglino MA, Flamini MA, Barbeito CG. Embryonic-placental relationship in Lagostomus maximus as compared to other hystricognath rodents and eutherian mammals. ZOOLOGY 2023; 158:126082. [PMID: 36905895 DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2023.126082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Reproductive specializations in caviomorphs (infraorder Hystricognathi), are very peculiar within the Order Rodentia. These include long gestations, the birth of offspring with an extreme degree of precociality, and short lactation periods. This study describes the embryo-placental relationship of viable implantation sites (IS) of the plains viscacha, Lagostomus maximus, after 46 post-coital days. The observations recorded in this study are comparatively discussed with those of other hystricognaths and eutherians. At this stage, the embryo resembles that of other eutherians. At this time of embryo development, the placenta exhibits a size, shape, and organization similar to that it will have in its mature state. Besides, the subplacenta is already highly folded. These characteristics are adequate to sustain the development of future precocial offspring. The mesoplacenta, a structure present in other hystricognaths and related to uterine regeneration is described for the first time in this species. This detailed description of the placental and embryonic structure contributes to the knowledge of the reproductive and developmental biology of the viscacha, as well as that of hystricognaths. These characteristics will allow testing other hypotheses related to the morphology and physiology of the placenta and subplacenta, and their relationship with the growth and development of precocial offspring in Hystricognathi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Acuña
- Laboratorio de Histología y Embriología Descriptiva, Experimental y Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
| | - Enrique Leo Portiansky
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina; Laboratorio de Análisis de Imágenes, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - María Angélica Miglino
- Departamento de Cirugia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária y Zootecnia, Universidade de San Pablo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mirta Alicia Flamini
- Laboratorio de Histología y Embriología Descriptiva, Experimental y Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Claudio Gustavo Barbeito
- Laboratorio de Histología y Embriología Descriptiva, Experimental y Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
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19
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Abstract
Formation of the vasculature is a critical step within the developing embryo and its disruption causes early embryonic lethality. This complex process is driven by a cascade of signaling events that controls differentiation of mesodermal progenitors into primordial endothelial cells and their further specification into distinct subtypes (arterial, venous, hemogenic) that are needed to generate a blood circulatory network. Hemogenic endothelial cells give rise to hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells that generate all blood cells in the body during embryogenesis and postnatally. We focus our discussion on the regulation of endothelial cell differentiation, and subsequent hemogenic specification, and highlight many of the signaling pathways involved in these processes, which are conserved across vertebrates. Gaining a better understanding of the regulation of these processes will yield insights needed to optimize the treatment of vascular and hematopoietic disease and generate human stem cell-derived vascular and hematopoietic cells for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordon W Aragon
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
| | - Karen K Hirschi
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
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20
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Perik-Zavodskii R, Perik-Zavodskaya O, Shevchenko Y, Denisova V, Nazarov K, Obleuhova I, Zaitsev K, Sennikov S. Immune Transcriptome and Secretome Differ between Human CD71+ Erythroid Cells from Adult Bone Marrow and Fetal Liver Parenchyma. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13081333. [PMID: 35893070 PMCID: PMC9330402 DOI: 10.3390/genes13081333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
CD71+ erythroid cells (CECs) were only known as erythrocyte progenitors not so long ago. In present times, however, they have been shown to be active players in immune regulation, especially in immunosuppression by the means of ROS, arginase-1 and arginase-2 production. Here, we uncover organ-of-origin differences in cytokine gene expression using NanoString and protein production using Bio-Plex between CECs from healthy human adult bone marrow and from human fetal liver parenchyma. Namely, healthy human adult bone marrow CECs both expressed and produced IFN-a, IL-1b, IL-8, IL-18 and MIF mRNA and protein, while human fetal liver parenchyma CECs expressed and produced IFN-a, IL15, IL18 and TNF-b mRNA and protein. We also detected TLR2 and TLR9 gene expression in both varieties of CECs and TLR1 and NOD2 gene expression in human fetal liver parenchyma CECs only. These observations suggest that there might be undiscovered roles in immune response for CECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Perik-Zavodskii
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Yadrincevskaya 14, 630099 Novosibirsk, Russia; (R.P.-Z.); (O.P.-Z.); (Y.S.); (K.N.); (I.O.)
| | - Olga Perik-Zavodskaya
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Yadrincevskaya 14, 630099 Novosibirsk, Russia; (R.P.-Z.); (O.P.-Z.); (Y.S.); (K.N.); (I.O.)
| | - Yulia Shevchenko
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Yadrincevskaya 14, 630099 Novosibirsk, Russia; (R.P.-Z.); (O.P.-Z.); (Y.S.); (K.N.); (I.O.)
| | - Vera Denisova
- Clinic of Immunopathology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Zalesskogo 2/1, 630047 Novosibirsk, Russia;
| | - Kirill Nazarov
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Yadrincevskaya 14, 630099 Novosibirsk, Russia; (R.P.-Z.); (O.P.-Z.); (Y.S.); (K.N.); (I.O.)
| | - Irina Obleuhova
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Yadrincevskaya 14, 630099 Novosibirsk, Russia; (R.P.-Z.); (O.P.-Z.); (Y.S.); (K.N.); (I.O.)
| | - Konstantin Zaitsev
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Siberian Federal Research and Clinical Center of the Federal Medicobiological Agency”, Rozy Lyuksemburg 5, 634009 Tomsk, Russia;
| | - Sergey Sennikov
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Yadrincevskaya 14, 630099 Novosibirsk, Russia; (R.P.-Z.); (O.P.-Z.); (Y.S.); (K.N.); (I.O.)
- Correspondence:
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21
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Koranteng F, Cho B, Shim J. Intrinsic and Extrinsic Regulation of Hematopoiesis in Drosophila. Mol Cells 2022; 45:101-108. [PMID: 35253654 PMCID: PMC8926866 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2022.2039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Drosophila melanogaster lymph gland, the primary site of hematopoiesis, contains myeloid-like progenitor cells that differentiate into functional hemocytes in the circulation of pupae and adults. Fly hemocytes are dynamic and plastic, and they play diverse roles in the innate immune response and wound healing. Various hematopoietic regulators in the lymph gland ensure the developmental and functional balance between progenitors and mature blood cells. In addition, systemic factors, such as nutrient availability and sensory inputs, integrate environmental variabilities to synchronize the blood development in the lymph gland with larval growth, physiology, and immunity. This review examines the intrinsic and extrinsic factors determining the progenitor states during hemocyte development in the lymph gland and provides new insights for further studies that may extend the frontier of our collective knowledge on hematopoiesis and innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bumsik Cho
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Jiwon Shim
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
- Research Institute for Natural Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
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22
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Environmental Nanoparticles Reach Human Fetal Brains. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020410. [PMID: 35203619 PMCID: PMC8962421 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic ultrafine particulate matter (UFPM) and industrial and natural nanoparticles (NPs) are ubiquitous. Normal term, preeclamptic, and postconceptional weeks(PCW) 8–15 human placentas and brains from polluted Mexican cities were analyzed by TEM and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. We documented NPs in maternal erythrocytes, early syncytiotrophoblast, Hofbauer cells, and fetal endothelium (ECs). Fetal ECs exhibited caveolar NP activity and widespread erythroblast contact. Brain ECs displayed micropodial extensions reaching luminal NP-loaded erythroblasts. Neurons and primitive glia displayed nuclear, organelle, and cytoplasmic NPs in both singles and conglomerates. Nanoscale Fe, Ti, and Al alloys, Hg, Cu, Ca, Sn, and Si were detected in placentas and fetal brains. Preeclamptic fetal blood NP vesicles are prospective neonate UFPM exposure biomarkers. NPs are reaching brain tissues at the early developmental PCW 8–15 stage, and NPs in maternal and fetal placental tissue compartments strongly suggests the placental barrier is not limiting the access of environmental NPs. Erythroblasts are the main early NP carriers to fetal tissues. The passage of UFPM/NPs from mothers to fetuses is documented and fingerprinting placental single particle composition could be useful for postnatal risk assessments. Fetal brain combustion and industrial NPs raise medical concerns about prenatal and postnatal health, including neurological and neurodegenerative lifelong consequences.
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23
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Oburoglu L, Mansell E, Canals I, Sigurdsson V, Guibentif C, Soneji S, Woods N. Pyruvate metabolism guides definitive lineage specification during hematopoietic emergence. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e54384. [PMID: 34914165 PMCID: PMC8811648 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202154384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During embryonic development, hematopoiesis occurs through primitive and definitive waves, giving rise to distinct blood lineages. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) emerge from hemogenic endothelial (HE) cells, through endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition (EHT). In the adult, HSC quiescence, maintenance, and differentiation are closely linked to changes in metabolism. However, metabolic processes underlying the emergence of HSCs from HE cells remain unclear. Here, we show that the emergence of blood is regulated by multiple metabolic pathways that induce or modulate the differentiation toward specific hematopoietic lineages during human EHT. In both in vitro and in vivo settings, steering pyruvate use toward glycolysis or OXPHOS differentially skews the hematopoietic output of HE cells toward either an erythroid fate with primitive phenotype, or a definitive lymphoid fate, respectively. We demonstrate that glycolysis-mediated differentiation of HE toward primitive erythroid hematopoiesis is dependent on the epigenetic regulator LSD1. In contrast, OXPHOS-mediated differentiation of HE toward definitive hematopoiesis is dependent on cholesterol metabolism. Our findings reveal that during EHT, metabolism is a major regulator of primitive versus definitive hematopoietic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leal Oburoglu
- Molecular Medicine and Gene TherapyLund Stem Cell CenterLund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Els Mansell
- Molecular Medicine and Gene TherapyLund Stem Cell CenterLund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Isaac Canals
- NeurologyLund Stem Cell CenterLund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Valgardur Sigurdsson
- Molecular Medicine and Gene TherapyLund Stem Cell CenterLund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Carolina Guibentif
- Molecular Medicine and Gene TherapyLund Stem Cell CenterLund UniversityLundSweden
- Present address:
Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer ResearchDepartment of Microbiology and ImmunologyInstitute of BiomedicineUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Shamit Soneji
- Molecular HematologyLund Stem Cell CenterLund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Niels‐Bjarne Woods
- Molecular Medicine and Gene TherapyLund Stem Cell CenterLund UniversityLundSweden
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24
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Wu M, Chen Q, Li J, Xu Y, Lian J, Liu Y, Meng P, Zhang Y. Gfi1aa/Lsd1 Facilitates Hemangioblast Differentiation Into Primitive Erythrocytes by Targeting etv2 and sox7 in Zebrafish. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:786426. [PMID: 35096818 PMCID: PMC8790037 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.786426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The first wave of hematopoiesis is the primitive hematopoiesis, which produces embryonic erythroid and myeloid cells. Primitive erythrocytes are thought to be generated from bipotent hemangioblasts, but the molecular basis remains unclear. Transcriptional repressors Gfi1aa and Gfi1b have been shown to cooperatively promote primitive erythrocytes differentiation from hemangioblasts in zebrafish. However, the mechanism of these repressors during the primitive wave is largely unknown. Herein, by functional analysis of zebrafish gfi1aa smu10 , gfi1b smu11 , gfi1ab smu12 single, double, and triple mutants, we found that Gfi1aa not only plays a predominant role in primitive erythropoiesis but also synergizes with Gfi1ab. To screen Gfi1aa downstream targets, we performed RNA-seq and ChIP-seq analysis and found two endothelial transcription factors, etv2 and sox7, to be repressed by Gfi1aa. Genetic analysis demonstrated Gfi1aa to promote hemangioblast differentiation into primitive erythrocytes by inhibiting both etv2 and sox7 in an Lsd1-dependent manner. Moreover, the H3K4me1 level of etv2 and sox7 were increased in gfi1aa mutant. Taken together, these results suggest that Gfi1aa/Lsd1-dependent etv2/sox7 downregulation is critical for hemangioblast differentiation during primitive hematopoiesis by inhibition of endothelial specification. The different and redundant roles for Gfi1(s), as well as their genetic and epigenetic regulation during primitive hematopoiesis, help us to better know the molecular basis of the primitive hematopoiesis and sheds light on the understanding the Gfi1(s) related pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Wu
- Division of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China,Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Neuronal Structural Biology, Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Li
- Division of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Xu
- Division of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junwei Lian
- Division of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongxiang Liu
- Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Meng
- Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiyue Zhang
- Division of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Yiyue Zhang,
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells as a Tool for Modeling Hematologic Disorders and as a Potential Source for Cell-Based Therapies. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113250. [PMID: 34831472 PMCID: PMC8623953 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The breakthrough in human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) has revolutionized the field of biomedical and pharmaceutical research and opened up vast opportunities for drug discovery and regenerative medicine, especially when combined with gene-editing technology. Numerous healthy and patient-derived hiPSCs for human disease modeling have been established, enabling mechanistic studies of pathogenesis, platforms for preclinical drug screening, and the development of novel therapeutic targets/approaches. Additionally, hiPSCs hold great promise for cell-based therapy, serving as an attractive cell source for generating stem/progenitor cells or functional differentiated cells for degenerative diseases, due to their unlimited proliferative capacity, pluripotency, and ethical acceptability. In this review, we provide an overview of hiPSCs and their utility in the study of hematologic disorders through hematopoietic differentiation. We highlight recent hereditary and acquired genetic hematologic disease modeling with patient-specific iPSCs, and discuss their applications as instrumental drug screening tools. The clinical applications of hiPSCs in cell-based therapy, including the next-generation cancer immunotherapy, are provided. Lastly, we discuss the current challenges that need to be addressed to fulfill the validity of hiPSC-based disease modeling and future perspectives of hiPSCs in the field of hematology.
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Canonical Wnt: a safeguard and threat for erythropoiesis. Blood Adv 2021; 5:3726-3735. [PMID: 34516644 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021004845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid dysplastic syndrome (MDS) reflects a preleukemic bone marrow (BM) disorder with limited treatment options and poor disease survival. As only a minority of MDS patients are eligible for curative hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, there is an urgent need to develop alternative treatment options. Chronic activation of Wnt/β-catenin has been implicated to underlie MDS formation and recently assigned to drive MDS transformation to acute myeloid leukemia. Wnt/β-catenin signaling therefore may harbor a pharmaceutical target to treat MDS and/or prevent leukemia formation. However, targeting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway will also affect healthy hematopoiesis in MDS patients. The control of Wnt/β-catenin in healthy hematopoiesis is poorly understood. Whereas Wnt/β-catenin is dispensable for steady-state erythropoiesis, its activity is essential for stress erythropoiesis in response to BM injury and anemia. Manipulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in MDS may therefore deregulate stress erythropoiesis and even increase anemia severity. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the most recent and established insights in the field to acquire more insight into the control of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in healthy and inefficient erythropoiesis as seen in MDS.
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Probiotics and Trained Immunity. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11101402. [PMID: 34680035 PMCID: PMC8533468 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The characteristics of innate immunity have recently been investigated in depth in several research articles, and original findings suggest that innate immunity also has a memory capacity, which has been named “trained immunity”. This notion has revolutionized our knowledge of the innate immune response. Thus, stimulation of trained immunity represents a therapeutic alternative that is worth exploring. In this context, probiotics, live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host, represent attractive candidates for the stimulation of trained immunity; however, although numerous studies have documented the beneficial proprieties of these microorganisms, their mechanisms of action are not yet fully understood. In this review, we propose to explore the putative connection between probiotics and stimulation of trained immunity.
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Glutamine metabolism regulates endothelial to hematopoietic transition and hematopoietic lineage specification. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17589. [PMID: 34475502 PMCID: PMC8413451 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97194-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During hematopoietic development, definitive hematopoietic cells are derived from hemogenic endothelial (HE) cells through a process known as endothelial to hematopoietic transition (EHT). During EHT, transitioning cells proliferate and undergo progressive changes in gene expression culminating in the new cell identity with corresponding changes in function, phenotype and morphology. However, the metabolic pathways fueling this transition remain unclear. We show here that glutamine is a crucial regulator of EHT and a rate limiting metabolite in the hematopoietic differentiation of HE cells. Intriguingly, different hematopoietic lineages require distinct derivatives of glutamine. While both derivatives, α-ketoglutarate and nucleotides, are required for early erythroid differentiation of HE during glutamine deprivation, lymphoid differentiation relies on α-ketoglutarate alone. Furthermore, treatment of HE cells with α-ketoglutarate in glutamine-free conditions pushes their differentiation towards lymphoid lineages both in vitro and in vivo, following transplantation into NSG mice. Thus, we report an essential role for glutamine metabolism during EHT, regulating both the emergence and the specification of hematopoietic cells through its various derivatives.
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Kopeć Z, Starzyński RR, Jończy A, Mazgaj R, Lipiński P. Role of Iron Metabolism-Related Genes in Prenatal Development: Insights from Mouse Transgenic Models. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1382. [PMID: 34573364 PMCID: PMC8465470 DOI: 10.3390/genes12091382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is an essential nutrient during all stages of mammalian development. Studies carried out over the last 20 years have provided important insights into cellular and systemic iron metabolism in adult organisms and led to the deciphering of many molecular details of its regulation. However, our knowledge of iron handling in prenatal development has remained remarkably under-appreciated, even though it is critical for the health of both the embryo/fetus and its mother, and has a far-reaching impact in postnatal life. Prenatal development requires a continuous, albeit quantitatively matched with the stage of development, supply of iron to support rapid cell division during embryogenesis in order to meet iron needs for erythropoiesis and to build up hepatic iron stores, (which are the major source of this microelement for the neonate). Here, we provide a concise overview of current knowledge of the role of iron metabolism-related genes in the maintenance of iron homeostasis in pre- and post-implantation development based on studies on transgenic (mainly knock-out) mouse models. Most studies on mice with globally deleted genes do not conclude whether underlying in utero iron disorders or lethality is due to defective placental iron transport or iron misregulation in the embryo/fetus proper (or due to both). Therefore, there is a need of animal models with tissue specific targeted deletion of genes to advance the understanding of prenatal iron metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Paweł Lipiński
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Jastrzębiec, Poland; (Z.K.); (R.R.S.); (A.J.); (R.M.)
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Belyavsky A, Petinati N, Drize N. Hematopoiesis during Ontogenesis, Adult Life, and Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179231. [PMID: 34502137 PMCID: PMC8430730 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the bone marrow of vertebrates, two types of stem cells coexist-hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Hematopoiesis only occurs when these two stem cell types and their descendants interact. The descendants of HSCs supply the body with all the mature blood cells, while MSCs give rise to stromal cells that form a niche for HSCs and regulate the process of hematopoiesis. The studies of hematopoiesis were initially based on morphological observations, later extended by the use of physiological methods, and were subsequently augmented by massive application of sophisticated molecular techniques. The combination of these methods produced a wealth of new data on the organization and functional features of hematopoiesis in the ontogenesis of mammals and humans. This review summarizes the current views on hematopoiesis in mice and humans, discusses the development of blood elements and hematopoiesis in the embryo, and describes how the hematopoietic system works in the adult organism and how it changes during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Belyavsky
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | | | - Nina Drize
- National Research Center for Hematology, 125167 Moscow, Russia;
- Correspondence:
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Ito N, Tsukamoto K, Taniguchi K, Takahashi K, Okamoto A, Aoki H, Otera‐Takahashi Y, Kitagawa M, Ogata‐Kawata H, Morita H, Hata K, Nakabayashi K. Isolation and characterization of fetal nucleated red blood cells from maternal blood as a target for single cell sequencing-based non-invasive genetic testing. Reprod Med Biol 2021; 20:352-360. [PMID: 34262404 PMCID: PMC8254165 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Although non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) based on cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in maternal plasma has been prevailing worldwide, low levels of fetal DNA fraction may lead to false-negative results. Since fetal cells in maternal blood provide a pure source of fetal genomic DNA, we aimed to establish a workflow to isolate and sequence fetal nucleated red blood cells (fNRBCs) individually as a target for NIPT. METHODS Using male-bearing pregnancy cases, we isolated fNRBCs individually from maternal blood by FACS, and obtained their genomic sequence data through PCR screening with a Y-chromosome marker and whole-genome amplification (WGA)-based whole-genome sequencing. RESULTS The PCR and WGA efficiencies of fNRBC candidates were consistently lower than those of control cells. Sequencing data analyses revealed that although the majority of the fNRBC candidates were confirmed to be of fetal origin, many of the WGA-based genomic libraries from fNRBCs were considered to have been amplified from a portion of genomic DNA. CONCLUSIONS We established a workflow to isolate and sequence fNRBCs individually. However, our results demonstrated that, to make cell-based NIPT targeting fNRBCs feasible, cell isolation procedures need to be further refined such that the nuclei of fNRBCs are kept intact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Ito
- Department of Maternal‐Fetal BiologyNational Center for Child Health and DevelopmentTokyoJapan
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Course of Medical and Dental SciencesNagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesNagasakiJapan
| | - Kazuhiro Tsukamoto
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Course of Medical and Dental SciencesNagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesNagasakiJapan
| | - Kosuke Taniguchi
- Department of Maternal‐Fetal BiologyNational Center for Child Health and DevelopmentTokyoJapan
| | - Ken Takahashi
- Department of Maternal‐Fetal BiologyNational Center for Child Health and DevelopmentTokyoJapan
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyThe Jikei University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Aikou Okamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyThe Jikei University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | | | | | | | - Hiroko Ogata‐Kawata
- Department of Maternal‐Fetal BiologyNational Center for Child Health and DevelopmentTokyoJapan
| | - Hideaki Morita
- Department of Allergy and Clinical ImmunologyNational Center for Child Health and DevelopmentTokyoJapan
| | - Kenichiro Hata
- Department of Maternal‐Fetal BiologyNational Center for Child Health and DevelopmentTokyoJapan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakabayashi
- Department of Maternal‐Fetal BiologyNational Center for Child Health and DevelopmentTokyoJapan
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Ogata FT, Branco V, Vale FF, Coppo L. Glutaredoxin: Discovery, redox defense and much more. Redox Biol 2021; 43:101975. [PMID: 33932870 PMCID: PMC8102999 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutaredoxin, Grx, is a small protein containing an active site cysteine pair and was discovered in 1976 by Arne Holmgren. The Grx system, comprised of Grx, glutathione, glutathione reductase, and NADPH, was first described as an electron donor for Ribonucleotide Reductase but, from the first discovery in E.coli, the Grx family has impressively grown, particularly in the last two decades. Several isoforms have been described in different organisms (from bacteria to humans) and with different functions. The unique characteristic of Grxs is their ability to catalyse glutathione-dependent redox regulation via glutathionylation, the conjugation of glutathione to a substrate, and its reverse reaction, deglutathionylation. Grxs have also recently been enrolled in iron sulphur cluster formation. These functions have been implied in various physiological and pathological conditions, from immune defense to neurodegeneration and cancer development thus making Grx a possible drug target. This review aims to give an overview on Grxs, starting by a phylogenetic analysis of vertebrate Grxs, followed by an analysis of the mechanisms of action, the specific characteristics of the different human isoforms and a discussion on aspects related to human physiology and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando T Ogata
- Department of Biochemistry/Molecular Biology, CTCMol, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Mirassol, 207. 04044-010, São Paulo - SP, Brazil
| | - Vasco Branco
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Filipa F Vale
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed-ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Lucia Coppo
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Solnavägen 9, SE-17165, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Silva WN, Costa AC, Picoli CC, Rocha BGS, Santos GSP, Costa PAC, Azimnasab-sorkhabi P, Soltani-asl M, da Silva RA, Amorim JH, Resende RR, Mintz A, Birbrair A. Hematopoietic stem cell stretches and moves in its bone marrow niche. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021; 163:103368. [PMID: 34051302 PMCID: PMC8277710 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells are the most illustrious inhabitants of the bone marrow. Direct visualization of endogenous hematopoietic stem cells in this niche is essential to study their functions. Until recently this was not possible in live animals. Recent studies, using state-of-the-art technologies, including sophisticated in vivo inducible genetic approaches in combination with two-photon laser scanning microscopy, allow the follow-up of endogenous hematopoietic stem cells' behavior in their habitat. Strikingly, the new findings reveal that quiescent hematopoietic stem cells are more mobile than previously thought, and link their retained steady state within the niche to a mobile behavior. The arising knowledge from this research will be critical for the therapy of several hematological diseases. Here, we review recent progress in our understanding of hematopoietic stem cell biology in their niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walison N. Silva
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Alinne C. Costa
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Caroline C. Picoli
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Beatriz G. S. Rocha
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Pedro A. C. Costa
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Maryam Soltani-asl
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rodrigo R. Resende
- Center of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of West Bahia, Barreiras, BA, Brazil
| | - Akiva Mintz
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Alexander Birbrair
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Bellomo A, Gentek R, Golub R, Bajénoff M. Macrophage-fibroblast circuits in the spleen. Immunol Rev 2021; 302:104-125. [PMID: 34028841 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are an integral part of all organs in the body, where they contribute to immune surveillance, protection, and tissue-specific homeostatic functions. This is facilitated by so-called niches composed of macrophages and their surrounding stroma. These niches structurally anchor macrophages and provide them with survival factors and tissue-specific signals that imprint their functional identity. In turn, macrophages ensure appropriate functioning of the niches they reside in. Macrophages thus form reciprocal, mutually beneficial circuits with their cellular niches. In this review, we explore how this concept applies to the spleen, a large secondary lymphoid organ whose primary functions are to filter the blood and regulate immunity. We first outline the splenic micro-anatomy, the different populations of splenic fibroblasts and macrophages and their respective contribution to protection of and key physiological processes occurring in the spleen. We then discuss firmly established and potential cellular circuits formed by splenic macrophages and fibroblasts, with an emphasis on the molecular cues underlying their crosstalk and their relevance to splenic functionality. Lastly, we conclude by considering how these macrophage-fibroblast circuits might be impaired by aging, and how understanding these changes might help identify novel therapeutic avenues with the potential of restoring splenic functions in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Bellomo
- CIRI, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Univ Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Rebecca Gentek
- Centre for Inflammation Research & Centre for Reproductive Health, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rachel Golub
- Inserm U1223, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Lymphopoiesis Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Marc Bajénoff
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille, France
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35
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Macrophage protease-activated receptor 2 regulates fetal liver erythropoiesis in mice. Blood Adv 2021; 4:5810-5824. [PMID: 33232477 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020003299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficiencies in many coagulation factors and protease-activated receptors (PARs) affect embryonic development. We describe a defect in definitive erythropoiesis in PAR2-deficient mice. Embryonic PAR2 deficiency increases embryonic death associated with variably severe anemia in comparison with PAR2-expressing embryos. PAR2-deficient fetal livers display reduced macrophage densities, erythroblastic island areas, and messenger RNA expression levels of markers for erythropoiesis and macrophages. Coagulation factor synthesis in the liver coincides with expanding fetal liver hematopoiesis during midgestation, and embryonic factor VII (FVII) deficiency impairs liver macrophage development. Cleavage-insensitive PAR2-mutant mice recapitulate the hematopoiesis defect of PAR2-deficient embryos, and macrophage-expressed PAR2 directly supports erythroblastic island function and the differentiation of red blood cells in the fetal liver. Conditional deletion of PAR2 in macrophages impairs erythropoiesis, as well as increases inflammatory stress, as evidenced by upregulation of interferon-regulated hepcidin antimicrobial peptide. In contrast, postnatal macrophage PAR2 deficiency does not have any effect on steady-state Kupffer cells, bone marrow macrophage numbers, or erythropoiesis, but erythropoiesis in macrophages from PAR2-deficient mice is impaired following hemolysis. These data identify a novel function for macrophage PAR2 signaling in adapting to rapid increases in blood demand during gestational development and postnatal erythropoiesis under stress conditions.
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36
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Sendker S, Waack K, Reinhardt D. Far from Health: The Bone Marrow Microenvironment in AML, A Leukemia Supportive Shelter. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 8:371. [PMID: 34066861 PMCID: PMC8150304 DOI: 10.3390/children8050371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the second most common leukemia among children. Although significant progress in AML therapy has been achieved, treatment failure is still associated with poor prognosis, emphasizing the need for novel, innovative therapeutic approaches. To address this major obstacle, extensive knowledge about leukemogenesis and the complex interplay between leukemic cells and their microenvironment is required. The tremendous role of this bone marrow microenvironment in providing a supportive and protective shelter for leukemic cells, leading to disease development, progression, and relapse, has been emphasized by recent research. It has been revealed that the interplay between leukemic cells and surrounding cellular as well as non-cellular components is critical in the process of leukemogenesis. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of recently gained knowledge about the importance of the microenvironment in AML whilst focusing on promising future therapeutic targets. In this context, we describe ongoing clinical trials and future challenges for the development of targeted therapies for AML.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dirk Reinhardt
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Clinic of Pediatrics III, Essen University Hospital, 45147 Essen, Germany; (S.S.); (K.W.)
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Grzywa TM, Justyniarska M, Nowis D, Golab J. Tumor Immune Evasion Induced by Dysregulation of Erythroid Progenitor Cells Development. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:870. [PMID: 33669537 PMCID: PMC7922079 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells harness normal cells to facilitate tumor growth and metastasis. Within this complex network of interactions, the establishment and maintenance of immune evasion mechanisms are crucial for cancer progression. The escape from the immune surveillance results from multiple independent mechanisms. Recent studies revealed that besides well-described myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) or regulatory T-cells (Tregs), erythroid progenitor cells (EPCs) play an important role in the regulation of immune response and tumor progression. EPCs are immature erythroid cells that differentiate into oxygen-transporting red blood cells. They expand in the extramedullary sites, including the spleen, as well as infiltrate tumors. EPCs in cancer produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and express programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and potently suppress T-cells. Thus, EPCs regulate antitumor, antiviral, and antimicrobial immunity, leading to immune suppression. Moreover, EPCs promote tumor growth by the secretion of growth factors, including artemin. The expansion of EPCs in cancer is an effect of the dysregulation of erythropoiesis, leading to the differentiation arrest and enrichment of early-stage EPCs. Therefore, anemia treatment, targeting ineffective erythropoiesis, and the promotion of EPC differentiation are promising strategies to reduce cancer-induced immunosuppression and the tumor-promoting effects of EPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz M. Grzywa
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (T.M.G.); (M.J.)
- Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Justyniarska
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (T.M.G.); (M.J.)
| | - Dominika Nowis
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Golab
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (T.M.G.); (M.J.)
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Huang X, Chao R, Zhang Y, Wang P, Gong X, Liang D, Wang Y. CAP1, a target of miR-144/451, negatively regulates erythroid differentiation and enucleation. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:2377-2389. [PMID: 33496386 PMCID: PMC7933962 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The exact molecular mechanism underlying erythroblast enucleation has been a fundamental biological question for decades. In this study, we found that miR-144/451 critically regulated erythroid differentiation and enucleation. We further identified CAP1, a G-actin-binding protein, as a direct target of miR-144/451 in these processes. During terminal erythropoiesis, CAP1 expression declines along with gradually increased miR-144/451 levels. Enforced CAP1 up-regulation inhibits the formation of contractile actin rings in erythroblasts and prevents their terminal differentiation and enucleation. Our findings reveal a negative regulatory role of CAP1 in miR-144/451-mediated erythropoiesis and thus shed light on how microRNAs fine-tune terminal erythroid development through regulating actin dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruihua Chao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengxiang Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueping Gong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongli Liang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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Urakov A, Urakova N, Nikolenko V, Belkharoeva R, Achkasov E, Kochurova E, Gavryushova L, Sinelnikov M. Current and emerging methods for treatment of hemoglobin related cutaneous discoloration: A literature review. Heliyon 2021; 7:e05954. [PMID: 33506129 PMCID: PMC7814147 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e05954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Currently, there is no available medication for immediate correction of bruise discoloration. Instead, makeup, cosmetic powders, concealers, and various traditional herbal remedies are used to mask discoloration. These approaches have no influence on the pathology behind the discoloration. The purpose of this study was to explore existing methods and current trends in correction of hemoglobin related cutaneous discoloration. Methods This paper describes the treatment methodologies available for proposed correction of hemoglobin related cutaneous discoloration. A thorough literature review was conducted to assess current knowledge of available treatments for bruise discoloration. Results current cosmetics being marketed under the names "Bleacher bruises," "Bleaching agents" and "Blood bleachers" addressing bruise related discoloration do not offer targeted pathological treatment. Several methods for immediate discoloration of the skin and nail plate in the area of bruising and hematoma were found, yet no method offered sufficient clinical data in support of its efficacy and safety. The intricate mechanisms of discoloration associated with hemoglobin extravascular deterioration are not targeted by any treatment method. Only one paper outlining the clinical application of bleaching agents was found. Conclusion The primary blood pigments responsible for the discoloration in bruises include methemoglobin, oxyhemoglobin, carbohymoglobin, verdoglobin, biliverdin, and bilirubin. No existing method targets the degradation of hemoglobin in the area of ecchymosis. The efficacy of existing patented methods remains questionable and unsupported clinically. Future research should focus on developing a drug targeting hemoglobin derivatives, preventing discoloration at an early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr Urakov
- Udmurt Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Izhevsk, Russia
| | - Natalia Urakova
- Udmurt Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Izhevsk, Russia
| | - Vladimir Nikolenko
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Evgeny Achkasov
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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Kawamura S, Otani M, Miyamoto T, Abe J, Ihara R, Inawaka K, Fantel AG. Different effects of an N-phenylimide herbicide on heme biosynthesis between human and rat erythroid cells. Reprod Toxicol 2021; 99:27-38. [PMID: 33249232 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Rat developmental toxicity including embryolethality and teratogenicity (mainly ventricular septal defects and wavy ribs) were produced by S-53482, an N-phenylimide herbicide that inhibits protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) common to chlorophyll and heme biosynthesis. The sequence of key biological events in the mode of action has been elucidated as follows: inhibition of PPO interferes with normal heme synthesis, which causes loss of blood cells leading to fetal anemia, embryolethality and the development of malformations. In this study we investigated whether the rat is a relevant model for the assessment of the human hazard of the herbicide. To study effects on heme biosynthesis, human erythroleukemia, human cord blood, and rat erythroleukemia cells were treated with the herbicide during red cell differentiation. Protoporphyrin IX, a marker of PPO inhibition, and heme were determined. We investigated whether synchronous maturation of primitive erythropoiesis, which can contribute to massive losses of embryonic blood, occurs in rats. The population of primitive erythroblasts was observed on gestational days 11 through 14. Heme production was suppressed in rat erythroid cells. In contrast, heme reduction was not seen in both human erythroid cells when PPO was inhibited. Rats underwent synchronous maturation in primitive erythropoiesis. Our results combined with epidemiological findings that patients with deficient PPO are not anemic led us to conclude that human erythroblasts are resistant to the herbicide. It is suggested that the rat would be an inappropriate model for assessing the developmental toxicity of S-53482 in humans as rats are specifically sensitive to PPO inhibition by the herbicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kawamura
- Environmental Health Science Laboratory, Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., 1-98, Kasugade-naka 3-chome, Konohana-ku, Osaka, 554-8558, Japan.
| | - Mitsuhiro Otani
- Environmental Health Science Laboratory, Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., 1-98, Kasugade-naka 3-chome, Konohana-ku, Osaka, 554-8558, Japan
| | - Taiki Miyamoto
- Environmental Health Science Laboratory, Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., 1-98, Kasugade-naka 3-chome, Konohana-ku, Osaka, 554-8558, Japan
| | - Jun Abe
- Environmental Health Science Laboratory, Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., 1-98, Kasugade-naka 3-chome, Konohana-ku, Osaka, 554-8558, Japan
| | - Ryo Ihara
- Environmental Health Science Laboratory, Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., 1-98, Kasugade-naka 3-chome, Konohana-ku, Osaka, 554-8558, Japan
| | - Kunifumi Inawaka
- Environmental Health Science Laboratory, Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., 1-98, Kasugade-naka 3-chome, Konohana-ku, Osaka, 554-8558, Japan
| | - Alan G Fantel
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St. Box 366320, Seattle, WA 98195-6320, USA
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Generation of Transgenic Fluorescent Reporter Lines for Studying Hematopoietic Development in the Mouse. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2224:153-182. [PMID: 33606214 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1008-4_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoiesis in the mouse and other mammals occurs in several waves and arises from distinct anatomic sites. Transgenic mice expressing fluorescent reporter proteins at various points in the hematopoietic hierarchy, from hematopoietic stem cell to more restricted progenitors to each of the final differentiated cell types, have provided valuable tools for tagging, tracking, and isolating these cells. In this chapter, we discuss general considerations in designing a transgene, survey available fluorescent probes, and describe methods for confirming and analyzing transgene expression in the hematopoietic tissues of the embryo, fetus, and postnatal/adult animal.
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Demirci S, Leonard A, Tisdale JF. Hematopoietic stem cells from pluripotent stem cells: Clinical potential, challenges, and future perspectives. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 9:1549-1557. [PMID: 32725882 PMCID: PMC7695636 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is an active and promising area of research; however, generating engraftable HSCs remains a major obstacle. Ex vivo HSC derivation from renewable sources such as iPSCs offers an experimental tool for studying developmental hematopoiesis, disease modeling, and drug discovery, and yields tremendous therapeutic potential for malignant and nonmalignant hematological disorders. Although initial attempts mostly recapitulated yolk sac primitive/definitive hematopoiesis with inability to engraft, recent advances suggest the feasibility of engraftable HSC derivation from iPSCs utilizing ectopic transcription factor expression. Strategic development for de novo HSC generation includes further investigations of HSC ontogeny, and elucidation of critical signaling pathways, epigenetic modulations, HSC and iPSC microenvironment, and cell-cell interactions that contribute to stem cell biology and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selami Demirci
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics BranchNational Heart Lung and Blood Institutes (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH)BethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Alexis Leonard
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics BranchNational Heart Lung and Blood Institutes (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH)BethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - John F. Tisdale
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics BranchNational Heart Lung and Blood Institutes (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH)BethesdaMarylandUSA
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Hung CH, Wang KY, Liou YH, Wang JP, Huang AYS, Lee TL, Jiang ST, Liao NS, Shyu YC, Shen CKJ. Negative Regulation of the Differentiation of Flk2 - CD34 - LSK Hematopoietic Stem Cells by EKLF/KLF1. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8448. [PMID: 33182781 PMCID: PMC7697791 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythroid Krüppel-like factor (EKLF/KLF1) was identified initially as a critical erythroid-specific transcription factor and was later found to be also expressed in other types of hematopoietic cells, including megakaryocytes and several progenitors. In this study, we have examined the regulatory effects of EKLF on hematopoiesis by comparative analysis of E14.5 fetal livers from wild-type and Eklf gene knockout (KO) mouse embryos. Depletion of EKLF expression greatly changes the populations of different types of hematopoietic cells, including, unexpectedly, the long-term hematopoietic stem cells Flk2- CD34- Lin- Sca1+ c-Kit+ (LSK)-HSC. In an interesting correlation, Eklf is expressed at a relatively high level in multipotent progenitor (MPP). Furthermore, EKLF appears to repress the expression of the colony-stimulating factor 2 receptor β subunit (CSF2RB). As a result, Flk2- CD34- LSK-HSC gains increased differentiation capability upon depletion of EKLF, as demonstrated by the methylcellulose colony formation assay and by serial transplantation experiments in vivo. Together, these data demonstrate the regulation of hematopoiesis in vertebrates by EKLF through its negative regulatory effects on the differentiation of the hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, including Flk2- CD34- LSK-HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hao Hung
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (C.-H.H.); (K.-Y.W.); (Y.-H.L.); (J.-P.W.); (A.Y.-S.H.); (T.-L.L.); (N.-S.L.)
| | - Keh-Yang Wang
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (C.-H.H.); (K.-Y.W.); (Y.-H.L.); (J.-P.W.); (A.Y.-S.H.); (T.-L.L.); (N.-S.L.)
| | - Yae-Huei Liou
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (C.-H.H.); (K.-Y.W.); (Y.-H.L.); (J.-P.W.); (A.Y.-S.H.); (T.-L.L.); (N.-S.L.)
| | - Jing-Ping Wang
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (C.-H.H.); (K.-Y.W.); (Y.-H.L.); (J.-P.W.); (A.Y.-S.H.); (T.-L.L.); (N.-S.L.)
| | - Anna Yu-Szu Huang
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (C.-H.H.); (K.-Y.W.); (Y.-H.L.); (J.-P.W.); (A.Y.-S.H.); (T.-L.L.); (N.-S.L.)
| | - Tung-Liang Lee
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (C.-H.H.); (K.-Y.W.); (Y.-H.L.); (J.-P.W.); (A.Y.-S.H.); (T.-L.L.); (N.-S.L.)
| | - Si-Tse Jiang
- Department of Research and Development, National Laboratory Animal Center, National Applied Research Laboratories, Tainan 74147, Taiwan;
| | - Nah-Shih Liao
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (C.-H.H.); (K.-Y.W.); (Y.-H.L.); (J.-P.W.); (A.Y.-S.H.); (T.-L.L.); (N.-S.L.)
| | - Yu-Chiau Shyu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (C.-H.H.); (K.-Y.W.); (Y.-H.L.); (J.-P.W.); (A.Y.-S.H.); (T.-L.L.); (N.-S.L.)
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
- Community Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung Branch, Keelung 204, Taiwan
| | - Che-Kun James Shen
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (C.-H.H.); (K.-Y.W.); (Y.-H.L.); (J.-P.W.); (A.Y.-S.H.); (T.-L.L.); (N.-S.L.)
- The PhD Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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Yu X, Sun P, Huang X, Chen H, Huang W, Ruan Y, Jiang W, Tan X, Liu Z. RNA-seq reveals tight junction-relevant erythropoietic fate induced by OCT4 in human hair follicle mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:454. [PMID: 33109258 PMCID: PMC7590701 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01976-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human hair follicle mesenchymal stem cells (hHFMSCs) isolated from hair follicles possess multilineage differentiation potential. OCT4 is a gene critically associated with pluripotency properties. The cell morphology and adhesion of hHFMSCs significantly changed after transduction of OCT4 and two subpopulations emerged, including adherent cells and floating cell. Floating cells cultured in hematopoietic induction medium and stimulated with erythropoetic growth factors could transdifferentiate into mature erythrocytes, whereas adherent cells formed negligible hematopoietic colonies. The aim of this study was to reveal the role of cell morphology and adhesion on erythropoiesis induced by OCT4 in hHFMSCs and to characterize the molecular mechanisms involved. METHODS Floating cell was separated from adherent cell by centrifugation of the upper medium during cell culture. Cell size was observed through flow cytometry and cell adhesion was tested by disassociation and adhesion assays. RNA sequencing was performed to detect genome-wide transcriptomes and identify differentially expressed genes. GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway analysis were performed to analysis the functions and pathways enriched by differentially expressed genes. The expression of tight junction core members was verified by qPCR and Western blot. A regulatory network was constructed to figure out the relationship between cell adhesin, cytoskeleton, pluripotency, and hematopoiesis. RESULTS The overexpression of OCT4 influenced the morphology and adhesion of hHFMSCs. Transcripts in floating cells and adherent cells are quite different. Data analysis showed that upregulated genes in floating cells were mainly related to pluripotency, germ layer development (including hematopoiesis lineage development), and downregulated genes were mainly related to cell adhesion, cell junctions, and the cytoskeleton. Most molecules of the tight junction (TJ) pathway were downregulated and molecular homeostasis of the TJ was disturbed, as CLDNs were disrupted, and JAMs and TJPs were upregulated. The dynamic expression of cell adhesion-related gene E-cadherin and cytoskeleton-related gene ACTN2 might cause different morphology and adhesion. Finally, a regulatory network centered to OCT4 was constructed, which elucidated that he TJ pathway critically bridges pluripotency and hematopoiesis in a TJP1-dependent way. CONCLUSIONS Regulations of cell morphology and adhesion via the TJ pathway conducted by OCT4 might modulate hematopoiesis in hHFMSCs, thus developing potential mechanism of erythropoiesis in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhen Yu
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Pengpeng Sun
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Qingdao Center Hospital, affiliated with Qingdao University, 127 Siliunan Road, Qingdao, 266042, Shandong, China
| | - Xingang Huang
- Department of Pathology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, affiliated with Qingdao University, 1 Jiaozhou Road, Qingdao, 266011, Shandong, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China.,Department of Pathology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, affiliated with Qingdao University, 1 Jiaozhou Road, Qingdao, 266011, Shandong, China
| | - Weiqing Huang
- Department of Pathology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, affiliated with Qingdao University, 1 Jiaozhou Road, Qingdao, 266011, Shandong, China
| | - Yingchun Ruan
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Weina Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, affiliated with Qingdao University, 1 Jiaozhou Road, Qingdao, 266011, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaohua Tan
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Zhijing Liu
- Department of Pathology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, affiliated with Qingdao University, 1 Jiaozhou Road, Qingdao, 266011, Shandong, China.
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Abstract
We report a systematic unbiased analysis of small RNA molecule expression in 11 different tissues of the model organism mouse. We discovered uncharacterized noncoding RNA molecules and identified that ∼30% of total noncoding small RNA transcriptome are distributed across the body in a tissue-specific manner with some also being sexually dimorphic. Distinct distribution patterns of small RNA across the body suggest the existence of tissue-specific mechanisms involved in noncoding RNA processing. Small noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) play a vital role in a broad range of biological processes both in health and disease. A comprehensive quantitative reference of small ncRNA expression would significantly advance our understanding of ncRNA roles in shaping tissue functions. Here, we systematically profiled the levels of five ncRNA classes (microRNA [miRNA], small nucleolar RNA [snoRNA], small nuclear RNA [snRNA], small Cajal body-specific RNA [scaRNA], and transfer RNA [tRNA] fragments) across 11 mouse tissues by deep sequencing. Using 14 biological replicates spanning both sexes, we identified that ∼30% of small ncRNAs are distributed across the body in a tissue-specific manner with some also being sexually dimorphic. We found that some miRNAs are subject to “arm switching” between healthy tissues and that tRNA fragments are retained within tissues in both a gene- and a tissue-specific manner. Out of 11 profiled tissues, we confirmed that brain contains the largest number of unique small ncRNA transcripts, some of which were previously annotated while others are identified in this study. Furthermore, by combining these findings with single-cell chromatin accessibility (scATAC-seq) data, we were able to connect identified brain-specific ncRNAs with their cell types of origin. These results yield the most comprehensive characterization of specific and ubiquitous small RNAs in individual murine tissues to date, and we expect that these data will be a resource for the further identification of ncRNAs involved in tissue function in health and dysfunction in disease.
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Elahi S, Mashhouri S. Immunological consequences of extramedullary erythropoiesis: immunoregulatory functions of CD71 + erythroid cells. Haematologica 2020; 105:1478-1483. [PMID: 32354873 PMCID: PMC7271582 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.243063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shokrollah Elahi
- School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Alberta .,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Alberta.,Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Alberta.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Marrow outside marrow: imaging of extramedullary haematopoiesis. Clin Radiol 2020; 75:565-578. [PMID: 31973940 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2019.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Extramedullary haematopoiesis (EMH) refers to the formation of non-neoplastic blood cell lines outside the bone marrow and is a common incidental finding when patients with haematological disorders are imaged. EMH presenting as mass (tumefactive EMH) has long been a radiological conundrum as it resembles neoplasms. Several imaging findings have been described in EMH, and these vary depending on the activity of the underlying haematopoiesis. The older lesions are easier to diagnose as they often demonstrate characteristic findings such as haemosiderin and fat deposition. In comparison, the newer, actively haematopoietic lesions often mimic neoplasms. Molecular imaging, particularly 99mTc labelled sulphur colloid scintigraphy, may be helpful in such cases. Although imaging is extremely useful in detecting and characterising EMH, imaging alone is often non-diagnostic as no single mass shows all the typical findings. Hence, a judgement based on the clinical background, combination of imaging findings, and slow interval growth may be more appropriate and practical in making the correct diagnosis. In every case, an effort has to be made in providing an imaging-based diagnosis as it may prevent a potentially risky biopsy. When confident differentiation is not possible, biopsy has to be resorted to. This article describes the causes, pathophysiology, and theories underlying the genesis of EMH, followed by the general and location-specific imaging findings. The purpose is to provide a thorough understanding of the condition as well as enable the clinical radiologist in making an imaging-based diagnosis whenever possible and identify the situations where biopsy has to be performed.
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Heat shock protein 60 regulates yolk sac erythropoiesis in mice. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:766. [PMID: 31601784 PMCID: PMC6786998 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2014-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The yolk sac is the first site of blood-cell production during embryonic development in both murine and human. Heat shock proteins (HSPs), including HSP70 and HSP27, have been shown to play regulatory roles during erythropoiesis. However, it remains unknown whether HSP60, a molecular chaperone that resides mainly in mitochondria, could also regulate early erythropoiesis. In this study, we used Tie2-Cre to deactivate the Hspd1 gene in both hematopoietic and vascular endothelial cells, and found that Tie2-Cre+Hspd1f/f (HSP60CKO) mice were embryonic lethal between the embryonic day 10.5 (E10.5) and E11.5, exhibiting growth retardation, anemia, and vascular defects. Of these, anemia was observed first, independently of vascular and growth phenotypes. Reduced numbers of erythrocytes, as well as an increase in cell apoptosis, were found in the HSP60CKO yolk sac as early as E9.0, indicating that deletion of HSP60 led to abnormality in yolk sac erythropoiesis. Deletion of HSP60 was also able to reduce mitochondrial membrane potential and the expression of the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) in yolk sac erythrocytes. Furthermore, cyclosporine A (CsA), which is a well-recognized modulator in regulating the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) by interacting with Cyclophilin D (CypD), could significantly decrease cell apoptosis and partially restore VDAC expression in mutant yolk sac erythrocytes. Taken together, we demonstrated an essential role of HSP60 in regulating yolk sac cell survival partially via a mPTP-dependent mechanism.
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Richard A, Vallin E, Romestaing C, Roussel D, Gandrillon O, Gonin-Giraud S. Erythroid differentiation displays a peak of energy consumption concomitant with glycolytic metabolism rearrangements. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221472. [PMID: 31483850 PMCID: PMC6726194 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous single-cell based gene expression analysis pointed out significant variations of LDHA level during erythroid differentiation. Deeper investigations highlighted that a metabolic switch occurred along differentiation of erythroid cells. More precisely we showed that self-renewing progenitors relied mostly upon lactate-productive glycolysis, and required LDHA activity, whereas differentiating cells, mainly involved mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). These metabolic rearrangements were coming along with a particular temporary event, occurring within the first 24h of erythroid differentiation. The activity of glycolytic metabolism and OXPHOS rose jointly with oxgene consumption dedicated to ATP production at 12-24h of the differentiation process before lactate-productive glycolysis sharply fall down and energy needs decline. Finally, we demonstrated that the metabolic switch mediated through LDHA drop and OXPHOS upkeep might be necessary for erythroid differentiation. We also discuss the possibility that metabolism, gene expression and epigenetics could act together in a circular manner as a driving force for differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélique Richard
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Modélisation de la Cellule, Université de Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Elodie Vallin
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Modélisation de la Cellule, Université de Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Caroline Romestaing
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ENTPE, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Damien Roussel
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ENTPE, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Olivier Gandrillon
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Modélisation de la Cellule, Université de Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Inria Team Dracula, Inria Center Grenoble Rhône-Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Sandrine Gonin-Giraud
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Modélisation de la Cellule, Université de Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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Rybtsov SA, Lagarkova MA. Development of Hematopoietic Stem Cells in the Early Mammalian Embryo. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2019; 84:190-204. [PMID: 31221058 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297919030027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) were the first stem cells discovered in humans. A. A. Maximov proposed an idea of blood stem cells that was confirmed later by McCulloch and Till experimentally. HSCs were the first type of stem cells to be used in clinics and ever since are being continually used. Indeed, a single HSC transplanted intravenously is capable of giving rise to all types of blood cells. In recent decades, human and animal HSC origin, development, hierarchy, and gene signature have been extensively investigated. Due to the constant need for donor blood and HSCs suitable for therapeutic transplants, the experimental possibility of obtaining HSCs in vitro by directed differentiation of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) has been considered in recent years. However, despite all efforts, it is not yet possible to reproduce in vitro the ontogenesis of HSCs and obtain cells capable of long-term maintenance of hematopoiesis. The study of hematopoiesis in embryonic development facilitates the establishment and improvement of protocols for deriving blood cells from PCSs and allows a better understanding of the pathogenesis of various types of proliferative blood diseases, anemia, and immunodeficiency. This review focuses on the development of hematopoiesis in mammalian ontogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Rybtsov
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4U, United Kingdom.
| | - M A Lagarkova
- Federal Research and Clinical Centre of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Federal Medical-Biological Agency, Moscow, 119435, Russia.
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