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Rajala R, Cleuren AC, Griffin CT. Acetaminophen Overdose Reveals Protease-Activated Receptor 4 as a Low-Expressing but Potent Receptor on the Hepatic Endothelium. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.07.598028. [PMID: 38895465 PMCID: PMC11185779 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.07.598028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Background & Aims Hepatic endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction and centrilobular hepatocyte necrosis occur with acetaminophen (APAP) overdose. The protease thrombin, which is acutely generated during APAP overdose, can signal through protease-activated receptors 1 and 4 (PAR1/PAR4). PAR1 is a high-affinity thrombin receptor that is known to signal on ECs, whereas PAR4 is a low-affinity thrombin receptor, and evidence for its expression and function on ECs is mixed. This study aims to exploit the high levels of thrombin generated during APAP overdose to determine (1) if hepatic endothelial PAR4 is a functional receptor, and (2) endothelial-specific functions for PAR1 and PAR4 in a high thrombin setting. Methods We generated mice with conditional deletion(s) of Par1/Par4 in ECs and overdosed them with APAP. Hepatic vascular permeability, erythrocyte congestion/bleeding, and liver function were assessed following overdose. Additionally, we investigated the expression levels of endothelial PARs and how they influence transcription in APAP-overdosed liver ECs using endothelial Translating Ribosome Affinity Purification followed by next-generation sequencing (TRAPseq). Results We found that mice deficient in high-expressing endothelial Par1 or low-expressing Par4 had equivalent reductions in APAP-induced hepatic vascular instability but no effect on hepatocyte necrosis. Additionally, mice with loss of endothelial Par1 and Par4 had reduced permeability at an earlier time point after APAP overdose when compared to mice singly deficient in either receptor in ECs. We also found that endothelial PAR1-but not PAR4-can regulate transcription in hepatic ECs. Conclusions Low-expressing PAR4 can react similarly to high-expressing PAR1 in APAP-overdosed hepatic ECs, demonstrating that PAR4 is a potent thrombin receptor. Additionally, these receptors are functionally redundant but act divergently in their expression and ability to influence transcription in hepatic ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Rajala
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Audrey C.A. Cleuren
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Courtney T. Griffin
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
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Adelusi OB, Akakpo JY, Eichenbaum G, Sadaff E, Ramachandran A, Jaeschke H. The thrombopoietin mimetic JNJ-26366821 reduces the late injury and accelerates the onset of liver recovery after acetaminophen-induced liver injury in mice. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:1843-1858. [PMID: 38551724 PMCID: PMC11210275 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03725-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity is comprised of an injury and recovery phase. While pharmacological interventions, such as N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and 4-methylpyrazole (4-MP), prevent injury there are no therapeutics that promote recovery. JNJ-26366821 (TPOm) is a novel thrombopoietin mimetic peptide with no sequence homology to endogenous thrombopoietin (TPO). Endogenous thrombopoietin is produced by hepatocytes and the TPO receptor is present on liver sinusoidal endothelial cells in addition to megakaryocytes and platelets, and we hypothesize that TPOm activity at the TPO receptor in the liver provides a beneficial effect following liver injury. Therefore, we evaluated the extent to which TPOm, NAC or 4-MP can provide a protective and regenerative effect in the liver when administered 2 h after an APAP overdose of 300 mg/kg in fasted male C57BL/6J mice. TPOm did not affect protein adducts, oxidant stress, DNA fragmentation and hepatic necrosis up to 12 h after APAP. In contrast, TPOm treatment was beneficial at 24 h, i.e., all injury parameters were reduced by 42-48%. Importantly, TPOm enhanced proliferation by 100% as indicated by PCNA-positive hepatocytes around the area of necrosis. When TPOm treatment was delayed by 6 h, there was no effect on the injury, but a proliferative effect was still evident. In contrast, 4MP and NAC treated at 2 h after APAP significantly attenuated all injury parameters at 24 h but failed to enhance hepatocyte proliferation. Thus, TPOm arrests the progression of liver injury by 24 h after APAP and accelerates the onset of the proliferative response which is essential for liver recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olamide B Adelusi
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, MS 1018, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Jephte Y Akakpo
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, MS 1018, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Gary Eichenbaum
- Office of the Chief Medical Officer, Johnson & Johnson, Consumer Health, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Ejaz Sadaff
- Office of the Chief Medical Officer, Johnson & Johnson, Consumer Health, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Anup Ramachandran
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, MS 1018, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Hartmut Jaeschke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, MS 1018, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
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Schulte A, Groeneveld DJ, Wei Z, Hazel B, Bernard MP, Poole LG, Luyendyk JP. Neutrophil-dependent hepatic platelet accumulation and liver injury revealed by acetaminophen dose-response studies. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2024; 8:102323. [PMID: 38404941 PMCID: PMC10883821 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpth.2024.102323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is a leading cause of drug-induced acute liver failure (ALF). Neutrophil activation has been associated with poor outcomes in patients with ALF and is proposed to amplify coagulation in this context. However, the precise role of neutrophils in APAP-induced liver injury is not known. Methods We used a dual antibody-mediated neutrophil depletion strategy to determine the role of neutrophils in mice challenged with different doses of APAP (300 or 600 mg/kg) that produce hepatotoxicity and ALF-like pathology. Results Flow cytometry confirmed depletion of neutrophils in whole blood prior to APAP challenge. Mice given isotype control and challenged with 300 mg/kg APAP developed marked hepatocellular necrosis and showed an increase in biomarkers of coagulation cascade activation. Neutrophil depletion (anti-Ly6G) did not affect either liver injury or coagulation activation in mice challenged with 300 mg/kg APAP. Mice given isotype control and challenged with 600 mg/kg APAP developed hepatic necrosis alongside marked hemorrhage and congestion indicative of vascular injury. Interestingly, hepatic neutrophil and platelet accumulation were increased in mice given 600 mg/kg APAP compared with those given the lower APAP dose. Neutrophil depletion significantly reduced the severity of liver necrosis in mice challenged with 600 mg/kg APAP, without significantly impacting biomarkers of coagulation activity. Notably, neutrophil depletion significantly reduced hepatic platelet accumulation in mice challenged with 600 mg/kg APAP. Conclusion The results indicate a role of neutrophils in APAP-induced liver injury that is dependent on the APAP dose and suggest involvement of neutrophil-platelet interactions in promoting hepatic injury in experimental APAP-induced ALF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Schulte
- Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Dafna J. Groeneveld
- Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Zimu Wei
- Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Bianca Hazel
- Department of Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Matthew P. Bernard
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Lauren G. Poole
- Department of Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - James P. Luyendyk
- Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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Morita K, Mizuno T, Azuma I, Suzuki Y, Kusuhara H. Rat Deconvolution as Knowledge Miner for Immune Cell Trafficking from Toxicogenomics Databases. Toxicol Sci 2023; 197:kfad117. [PMID: 37941435 PMCID: PMC10823770 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfad117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxicogenomics databases are useful for understanding biological responses in individuals because they include a diverse spectrum of biological responses. Although these databases contain no information regarding immune cells in the liver, which are important in the progression of liver injury, deconvolution that estimates cell-type proportions from bulk transcriptome could extend immune information. However, deconvolution has been mainly applied to humans and mice and less often to rats, which are the main target of toxicogenomics databases. Here, we developed a deconvolution method for rats to retrieve information regarding immune cells from toxicogenomics databases. The rat-specific deconvolution showed high correlations for several types of immune cells between spleen and blood, and between liver treated with toxicants compared with those based on human and mouse data. Additionally, we found 4 clusters of compounds in Open TG-GATEs database based on estimated immune cell trafficking, which are different from those based on transcriptome data itself. The contributions of this work are three-fold. First, we obtained the gene expression profiles of 6 rat immune cells necessary for deconvolution. Second, we clarified the importance of species differences on deconvolution. Third, we retrieved immune cell trafficking from toxicogenomics databases. Accumulated and comparable immune cell profiles of massive data of immune cell trafficking in rats could deepen our understanding of enable us to clarify the relationship between the order and the contribution rate of immune cells, chemokines and cytokines, and pathologies. Ultimately, these findings will lead to the evaluation of organ responses in Adverse Outcome Pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhisa Morita
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadahaya Mizuno
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Iori Azuma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kusuhara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
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5
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Fox C, Ekaney ML, Runyon M, Nguyen HM, Turk PJ, McKillop IH, Murphy CM. Assessing Platelet Mitochondrial Dysfunction in a Murine Model of Acute Acetaminophen Toxicity. J Med Toxicol 2023; 19:341-351. [PMID: 37644341 PMCID: PMC10522545 DOI: 10.1007/s13181-023-00964-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acetaminophen (APAP) toxicity remains a significant cause of adult and pediatric liver failure in North America and Europe. Previous research has evaluated the impaired mitochondrial function associated with APAP toxicity. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of APAP toxicity on platelet mitochondrial function using platelet oxygen consumption in a murine model in vivo. Our secondary objectives were to determine the effect of 4-MP on platelet mitochondrial function and hepatic toxicity in the setting of APAP overdose, and to correlate platelet mitochondrial function with other markers of APAP toxicity. METHODS Male C57Bl/6 mice were randomized to receive APAP (300 or 500 mg/kg) or vehicle followed 90 minutes later by either 4-MP (50 mg/kg) or vehicle via intraperitoneal injection. Mice were euthanized 0, 12, or 24 hours later and platelets isolated from cardiac blood and counted. Platelet oxygen consumption (POC) was determined using a closed-system respirometer. Liver injury was assessed by measuring alanine transferase (ALT) and histological evaluation. RESULTS Injection of 500 mg/kg APAP led to increased POC versus pair-matched control (vehicle) (p < 0.001). Administration of 4-MP did not affect POC in control or 300 mg/kg APAP mice. In mice receiving 500 mg/kg APAP and 4-MP, POC decreased significantly compared to mice receiving 500 mg/kg APAP alone (p < 0.01). Serum and histological analysis confirmed APAP-induced hepatic damage in mice receiving 500 mg/kg APAP and these effects blunted by treatment with 4-MP. CONCLUSIONS Platelet oxygen consumption as a measure of mitochondrial function may be useful as a biomarker of hepatic APAP toxicity in the setting of moderate to severe overdose. Treatment with 4-MP decreases hepatic necrosis and may mitigate the harmful effects of APAP on platelet mitochondrial function detected via POC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Fox
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Atrium Health's Carolinas Medical Center, 1000 Blythe Blvd., Medical Education Building 3rd Floor, Charlotte, NC, 28203, USA
| | - Michael L Ekaney
- Department of Surgery, Atrium Health's Carolinas Medical Center, 1000 Blythe Blvd., Cannon Research Building, Charlotte, NC, 28203, USA
| | - Michael Runyon
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Atrium Health's Carolinas Medical Center, 1000 Blythe Blvd., Medical Education Building 3rd Floor, Charlotte, NC, 28203, USA
| | - Hieu M Nguyen
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation (CORE), 1300 Scott Ave, Office 124, Charlotte, NC, 28204, USA
| | - Philip J Turk
- Department of Data Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N State St, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Iain H McKillop
- Department of Surgery, Atrium Health's Carolinas Medical Center, 1000 Blythe Blvd., Cannon Research Building, Charlotte, NC, 28203, USA
| | - Christine M Murphy
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Atrium Health's Carolinas Medical Center, 1000 Blythe Blvd., Medical Education Building 3rd Floor, Charlotte, NC, 28203, USA.
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Groeneveld DJ, Poole LG, Bouck EG, Schulte A, Wei Z, Williams KJ, Watson VE, Lisman T, Wolberg AS, Luyendyk JP. Robust coagulation activation and coagulopathy in mice with experimental acetaminophen-induced liver failure. J Thromb Haemost 2023; 21:2430-2440. [PMID: 37054919 PMCID: PMC10524846 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with acetaminophen (APAP)-induced acute liver failure (ALF) display both hyper- and hypocoagulable changes not necessarily recapitulated by standard hepatotoxic doses of APAP used in mice (eg, 300 mg/kg). OBJECTIVES We sought to examine coagulation activation in vivo and plasma coagulation potential ex vivo in experimental settings of APAP-induced hepatotoxicity and repair (300-450 mg/kg) and APAP-induced ALF (600 mg/kg) in mice. RESULTS APAP-induced ALF was associated with increased plasma thrombin-antithrombin complexes, decreased plasma prothrombin, and a dramatic reduction in plasma fibrinogen compared with lower APAP doses. Hepatic fibrin(ogen) deposits increased independent of APAP dose, whereas plasma fibrin(ogen) degradation products markedly increased in mice with experimental ALF. Early pharmacologic anticoagulation (+2 hours after 600 mg/kg APAP) limited coagulation activation and reduced hepatic necrosis. The marked coagulation activation evident in mice with APAP-induced ALF was associated with a coagulopathy detectable ex vivo in plasma. Specifically, prolongation of the prothrombin time and inhibition of tissue factor-initiated clot formation were evident even after restoration of physiological fibrinogen concentrations. Plasma endogenous thrombin potential was similarly reduced at all APAP doses. Interestingly, in the presence of ample fibrinogen, ∼10 times more thrombin was required to clot plasma from mice with APAP-induced ALF compared with plasma from mice with simple hepatotoxicity. CONCLUSION The results indicate that robust pathologic coagulation cascade activation in vivo and suppressed coagulation ex vivo are evident in mice with APAP-induced ALF. This unique experimental setting may fill an unmet need as a model to uncover mechanistic aspects of the complex coagulopathy of ALF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafna J Groeneveld
- Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Lauren G Poole
- Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Emma G Bouck
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Anthony Schulte
- Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Zimu Wei
- Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Kurt J Williams
- Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Victoria E Watson
- Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Ton Lisman
- Section of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation and Surgical Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alisa S Wolberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - James P Luyendyk
- Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.
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Jing-Lun Z, Shuang C, Li-Mei Z, Xiao-Dong L. YKL-40 promotes chemokine expression following drug-induced liver injury via TF-PAR1 pathway in mice. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1205062. [PMID: 37693903 PMCID: PMC10484592 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1205062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The inflammatory factor YKL-40 is associated with various inflammatory diseases and is key to remodeling inflammatory cells and tissues. YKL-40 (Chi3l1) promotes the activation of tissue factor (TF), leading to intrahepatic vascular coagulation (IAOC) and liver injury. TF is a key promoter of the exogenous coagulation cascade and is also involved in several signaling involving cell proliferation, apoptosis, charring, migration and inflammatory diseases pathways. However, the effect of YKL-40-induced TF-PAR1 pathway on the expression of downstream chemokines remains unknown. Methods: We established a liver injury model using Concanavalin A (ConA) in C57 BL/6 mice. By adopting various experimental techniques, the effect of YKL-40 induced TF-PAR1 pathway on the expression of downstream chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) and IP-10 was verified. Results: We found that overexpression of YKL-40 increased the expression of TF, protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1), CCL2 and IP-10 in mice and exacerbated the severity of liver injury. However, blocking the expression of TF significantly reversed the extent of liver injury. Conclusion: We found that YKL-40 promotes the expression of downstream chemokines ligand 2 (CCL2) and IP-10 by activating the TF-PAR1 pathway, leading to increased recruitment of inflammatory cells and exacerbating the progression of liver injury. This provides a new approach for the clinical treatment of drug-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Jing-Lun
- Department of Pharmacy, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyan, China
- Department of the Second Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chai Shuang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyan, China
- Department of the Second Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhao Li-Mei
- Department of Pharmacy, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyan, China
- Department of the Second Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Liu Xiao-Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyan, China
- Department of the Second Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Poole LG, Schmitt LR, Schulte A, Groeneveld DJ, Cline HM, Sang Y, Hur WS, Wolberg AS, Flick MJ, Hansen KC, Luyendyk JP. Altered fibrinogen γ-chain cross-linking in mutant fibrinogen-γ Δ5 mice drives acute liver injury. J Thromb Haemost 2023; 21:2175-2188. [PMID: 37062522 PMCID: PMC10524487 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic deposition of cross-linked fibrin(ogen) occurs alongside platelet accumulation as a hallmark of acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury. OBJECTIVES We sought to define the precise role of the fibrinogen γ-chain C-terminal integrin αIIbβ3 binding domain in APAP-induced liver injury. METHODS Mice expressing mutant fibrinogen incapable of engaging integrin αIIbβ3 due to a C-terminal fibrinogen γ-chain truncation (mutant fibrinogen-γΔ5 [FibγΔ5] mice) and wild-type mice were challenged with APAP (300 mg/kg, intraperitoneally). RESULTS We observed an altered pattern of fibrin(ogen) deposition in the livers of APAP-challenged FibγΔ5 mice. This led to the unexpected discovery that fibrinogen γ-chain cross-linking was altered in the livers of APAP-challenged FibγΔ5 mice compared with that in wild-type mice, including absence of γ-γ dimer and accumulation of larger molecular weight cross-linked γ-chain complexes. This finding was not unique to the injured liver because activation of coagulation did not produce γ-γ dimer in plasma from FibγΔ5 mice or purified FibγΔ5 fibrinogen. Sanger sequencing predicted that the fibrinogen-γΔ5 γ-polypeptide would terminate at lysine residue 406, but liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analysis revealed that this critical lysine residue was absent in purified fibrinogen-γΔ5 protein. Interestingly, hepatic deposition of this uniquely aberrantly cross-linked fibrin(ogen) in FibγΔ5 mice was associated with exacerbated hepatic injury, an effect not recapitulated by pharmacologic inhibition of integrin αIIbβ3. CONCLUSION The results indicate that fibrinogen-γΔ5 lacks critical residues essential to form γ-γ dimer in response to thrombin and suggest that hepatic accumulation of abnormally cross-linked fibrin(ogen) can exacerbate hepatic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren G Poole
- Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA; Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA. https://twitter.com/PoolePAR_ty
| | - Lauren R Schmitt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Anthony Schulte
- Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Dafna J Groeneveld
- Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Holly M Cline
- Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Yaqiu Sang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Woosuk S Hur
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alisa S Wolberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Matthew J Flick
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kirk C Hansen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - James P Luyendyk
- Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA; Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.
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9
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Zhang Y, Huber P, Praetner M, Zöllner A, Holdt L, Khandoga A, Lerchenberger M. Platelets mediate acute hepatic microcirculatory injury in a protease-activated-receptor-4-dependent manner after extended liver resection. Transpl Immunol 2023; 77:101795. [PMID: 36716976 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2023.101795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small-for-size syndrome (SFSS) is a major complication following extended liver resection. The role of platelets in the early development of SFSS remains to be cleared. We aimed to investigate the impact of platelets and PAR-4, a receptor for platelet activation, on the acute phase microcirculatory injury after liver resection by in vivo microscopy analyzing the changes in leukocyte recruitment, platelet-neutrophil interaction, and microthrombosis-induced perfusion failure. METHODS Sixty-percent partial hepatectomy (PH) models using C57BL/6 mice receiving platelet depletion with anti-GPIbα, PAR-4 blockade with tcY-NH2, or vehicle treatment with saline were used. Sham-operated animals served as controls. Epifluorescence microscopic analysis was performed 2 h after PH to quantify the leukocyte recruitment and microcirculatory changes. Sinusoidal neutrophil recruitment, platelet-neutrophil interaction, and microthrombosis were evaluated using two-photon microscopy. ICAM-1 expression and liver liver injury were assessed in tissue/blood samples. RESULTS The increments of leukocyte recruitment in post-sinusoidal venules and sinusoidal perfusion failure, the upregulation of ICAM-1 expression, and the deterioration of liver function 2 h after 60% PH were alleviated in the absence of platelets or by PAR-4 blockade. Intensified platelet-neutrophil interaction and microthrombosis in sinusoids were observed 2 h after 60% PH, which significantly attenuated after PAR-4 blockade. CONCLUSION Platelets play a critical role in acute liver injury after extended liver resection within 2 h. The deactivation of platelets via PAR-4 blockade ameliorated liver function deterioration by suppressing early leukocyte recruitment, platelet-neutrophil interaction, and microthrombosis in hepatic sinusoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjie Zhang
- Walter-Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Patrick Huber
- Walter-Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Marc Praetner
- Walter-Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Alice Zöllner
- Walter-Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Lesca Holdt
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, LMU University Hospitals, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Andrej Khandoga
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, LMU University Hospitals, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Lerchenberger
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, LMU University Hospitals, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany.
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10
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You K, Wang Y, Chen X, Yang Z, Chen Y, Tan S, Tao J, Getachew A, Pan T, Xu Y, Zhuang Y, Yang F, Lin X, Li Y. Neutralizing serum amyloid a protects against sinusoidal endothelial cell damage and platelet aggregation during acetaminophen-induced liver injury. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 639:20-28. [PMID: 36463757 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.11.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Serum amyloid A (SAA) is an acute response protein that mainly produced by hepatocytes, and it can promote endothelial dysfunction via a pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic effect in atherosclerosis and renal disease. Overdose of Acetaminophen (APAP) will cause hepatotoxicity accompany with hepatocyte necrosis, liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) damage and thrombosis in liver. However, whether SAA plays a role in APAP-induced liver toxicity remains unclear. Here, we evaluated the Saa1/2 expression in APAP-induced liver injury, and found that Saa1/2 production was significantly increased in an autocrine manner in APAP injury model. Moreover, we used neutralizing antibody (anti-SAA) to block the function of serum Saa1/2. We found that neutralizing serum Saa1/2 protected against APAP-induced liver injuries and increased the survival rate of mice that were treated with lethal dose APAP. Further investigations showed that blocking Saa1/2 reduced APAP-induced sinusoidal endothelium damage, hemorrhage and thrombosis. In addition, in vitro experiments showed that Saa1/2 augmented the toxic effect of APAP on LSECs, and Saa1/2 promoted platelets aggregation on LSECs cell membrane. Taken together, this study suggests that Saa1/2 may play a critical role in APAP-induced liver damages through platelets aggregation and sinusoidal damage. Therefore, we conceptually demonstrate that inhibition of SAA may be a potential intervention for APAP-directed acute liver injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai You
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxia Chen
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shenglin Tan
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiawang Tao
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anteneh Getachew
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingcai Pan
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingying Xu
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanqi Zhuang
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianhua Lin
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yinxiong Li
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China.
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11
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Transcriptional profiling of drug-induced liver injury biomarkers: association of hepatic Srebf1/Pparα signaling and crosstalk of thrombin, alcohol dehydrogenase, MDR and DNA damage regulators. Mol Cell Biochem 2022:10.1007/s11010-022-04648-1. [PMID: 36583794 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04648-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cell stress transcribing genes provide a diverse platform of molecular mediators that vary in response to toxicity. Common drug-induced liver injury (DILI) biomarkers are usually expressed in mild toxicity and limited to confirming it rather than categorizing its intensity. Thus, new parametric biomarkers are needed to be explored. Classifying the toxicological response based on the dose-level and severity of stimuli will aid in the evaluation and approach against drug exposure. The present research explored the involvement of gene expression of potential biomarkers as a severity-specific hallmark in different acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity levels in C57BL/6 mice. The differentially expressed genes were annotated and analyzed using bioinformatics tools to predict canonical pathways altered by DILI. The results revealed alteration in genes encoding for antioxidant enhancement; Slc7a11, bile efflux; MDR4, fatty acid metabolism and transcriptional factors namely Srebf1 and Pparα. Potential APAP toxicity biomarkers included Adh1 and thrombin, and other DNA damage and stress chaperones which were changed at least fourfold between control and the three tested severity models. The current investigation demonstrates a dose-mediated association of several hallmark genes in APAP-induced liver damage and addressed the involvement of uncommonly studied molecular responses. Such biomarkers can be further developed into predictive models, translated for risk assessment against drug exposure and guide in building theragnostic targets.
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12
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Hayashi M, Fujita M, Abe K, Takahashi A, Ohira H. Changes in platelet levels and prognosis in patients with acute liver failure and late-onset hepatic failure. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31438. [PMID: 36482586 PMCID: PMC9726366 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic strategies for acute liver failure (ALF) and late-onset hepatic failure (LOHF) still have room for improvement. Recent studies have reported an association between platelets and the pathophysiology of ALF. In this study, we investigated changes in platelet levels and clinical findings in ALF and LOHF patients. We retrospectively investigated the clinical data of 62 patients with ALF and LOHF. We analyzed the association between changes in platelet levels for 7 days after admission and the prognosis in patients with ALF and LOHF. The factors associated with changes in platelet levels were also analyzed. The platelet levels on days 1, 3, and 7 were significantly lower in the patients who died or underwent liver transplantation than in the spontaneous survivors. Administration of recombinant thrombomodulin was associated with spontaneous survival. The platelet levels in patients who met the King's College Hospital Criteria or the Japanese scoring system (JSS) for ALF ≥ 4 were significantly decreased 7 days after admission. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of a JSS score of 3 for predicting low platelet levels on day 7 was 0.903. Decreased platelet levels were associated with poor prognosis in patients with ALF and LOHF. The patients with low platelet levels and JSS scores on admission showed a high AUROC for predicting low platelet levels on day 7. Decreased platelet levels after admission may be a simple prognostic marker in ALF and LOHF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- *Correspondence: Manabu Hayashi, Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan (e-mail: )
| | - Masashi Fujita
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kazumichi Abe
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Ohira
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
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13
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Morris SM, Chauhan A. The role of platelet mediated thromboinflammation in acute liver injury. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1037645. [PMID: 36389830 PMCID: PMC9647048 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1037645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute liver injuries have wide and varied etiologies and they occur both in patients with and without pre-existent chronic liver disease. Whilst the pathophysiological mechanisms remain distinct, both acute and acute-on-chronic liver injury is typified by deranged serum transaminase levels and if severe or persistent can result in liver failure manifest by a combination of jaundice, coagulopathy and encephalopathy. It is well established that platelets exhibit diverse functions as immune cells and are active participants in inflammation through processes including immunothrombosis or thromboinflammation. Growing evidence suggests platelets play a dualistic role in liver inflammation, shaping the immune response through direct interactions and release of soluble mediators modulating function of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, stromal cells as well as migrating and tissue-resident leucocytes. Elucidating the pathways involved in initiation, propagation and resolution of the immune response are of interest to identify therapeutic targets. In this review the provocative role of platelets is outlined, highlighting beneficial and detrimental effects in a spatial, temporal and disease-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M. Morris
- The Liver Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Abhishek Chauhan
- The Liver Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Abhishek Chauhan,
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14
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Lin J, Ling Q, Yan L, Chen B, Wang F, Qian Y, Gao Y, Wang Q, Wu H, Sun X, Shi Y, Kong X. Ancient Herbal Formula Mahuang Lianqiao Chixiaodou Decoction Protects Acute and Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure via Inhibiting von Willebrand Factor Signaling. Cells 2022; 11:3368. [PMID: 36359765 PMCID: PMC9656135 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute liver failure (ALF) and acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) are characterized by systemic inflammation and high mortality, but there is no effective clinical treatment. As a classic traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula, MaHuang-LianQiao-ChiXiaoDou decoction (MHLQD) has been used clinically for centuries to treat liver diseases. METHODS The LPS/D-GalN-induced ALF mice model and the CCl4+LPS/D-GalN-induced ACLF mice model were used to observe the therapeutic effects of MHLQD on mice mortality, hepatocytes death, liver injury, and immune responses. RESULTS MHLQD treatment significantly improved mice mortality. Liver injury and systemic and hepatic immune responses were also ameliorated after MHLQD treatment. Mechanistically, proteomic changes in MHLQD-treated liver tissues were analyzed and the result showed that the thrombogenic von Willebrand factor (VWF) was significantly inhibited in MHLQD-treated ALF and ACLF models. Histological staining and western blotting confirmed that VWF/RAP1B/ITGB3 signaling was suppressed in MHLQD-treated ALF and ACLF models. Furthermore, mice treated with the VWF inhibitor ADAMTS13 showed a reduced therapeutic effect from MHLQD treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicated that MHLQD is an effective herbal formula for the treatment of ALF and ACLF, which might be attributed to the protection of hepatocytes from death via VWF/RAP1B/ITGB3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Lin
- Central Laboratory, Department of Liver Diseases, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qihua Ling
- Department of Emergency Internal Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Liang Yan
- Department of General Practice, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Bowu Chen
- Central Laboratory, Department of Liver Diseases, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Central Laboratory, Department of Liver Diseases, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yihan Qian
- Central Laboratory, Department of Liver Diseases, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yueqiu Gao
- Central Laboratory, Department of Liver Diseases, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Emergency Internal Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hailong Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Xuehua Sun
- Central Laboratory, Department of Liver Diseases, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yanjun Shi
- Abdominal Transplantation Center, General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiaoni Kong
- Central Laboratory, Department of Liver Diseases, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
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15
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Courson JA, Langlois KW, Lam FW. Intravital Microscopy to Study Platelet-Leukocyte-Endothelial Interactions in the Mouse Liver. J Vis Exp 2022:10.3791/64239. [PMID: 36282718 PMCID: PMC9915146 DOI: 10.3791/64239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and thrombosis are complex processes that occur primarily in the microcirculation. Although standard histology may provide insight into the end pathway for both inflammation and thrombosis, it is not capable of showing the temporal changes that occur throughout the time course of these processes. Intravital microscopy (IVM) is the use of live-animal imaging to gain temporal insight into physiologic processes in vivo. This method is particularly powerful when assessing cellular and protein interactions within the circulation due to the rapid and sequential events that are often necessary for these interactions to occur. While IVM is an extremely powerful imaging methodology capable of viewing complex processes in vivo, there are a number of methodological factors that are important to consider when planning an IVM study. This paper outlines the process of conducting intravital imaging of the liver, identifying important considerations and potential pitfalls that may arise. Thus, this paper describes the use of IVM to study platelet-leukocyte-endothelial interactions in liver sinusoids to study the relative contributions of each in different models of acute liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin A Courson
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine
| | - Kimberly W Langlois
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine
| | - Fong W Lam
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine;
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16
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Fang H, Yuan Z, Zhu Y, Tang H, Pang C, Li J, Shi J, Guo W, Zhang S. Blocking protease-activated receptor 4 alleviates liver injury induced by brain death. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 595:47-53. [PMID: 35093640 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.01.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Brain death (BD) induces a systemic inflammatory response that influences donor liver quality. Protease-activated receptor 4 (PAR4) is a thrombin receptor that mediates platelet activation and is involved in inflammatory and apoptotic processes. Therefore, we investigated the role of PAR4 blockade in liver injury induced by BD and its associated mechanisms. In this study, we constructed a BD rat model and treated rats with TcY-NH2, a selective PAR4 antagonist, to block PAR4 signaling at the onset of BD induction. Our results revealed that PAR4 protein expression increased in the livers of rats with BD. PAR4 blockade alleviated liver injury induced by BD, as indicated by lower serum ALT/AST levels and an improvement in histomorphology. Blood platelet activation and hepatic platelet accumulation in BD rats were reduced by PAR4 blockade. Additionally, PAR4 blockade attenuated the inflammatory response and apoptosis in the livers of BD rats. Moreover, the activation of NF-κB and MAPK pathways induced by BD was inhibited by PAR4 blockade. Thus, our results suggest that PAR4 contributes to liver injury induced by BD by regulating inflammation and apoptosis through the NF-κB and MAPK pathways. Thus, PAR4 blockade may provide a feasible approach to improve the quality of organs from BD donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Fang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China
| | - Zibo Yuan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China
| | - Yaohua Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China
| | - Hongwei Tang
- Henan Key Laboratory for Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases and Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China
| | - Chun Pang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China
| | - Jihua Shi
- Henan Key Laboratory for Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases and Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China
| | - Wenzhi Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China; Henan Key Laboratory for Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases and Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China
| | - Shuijun Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China; Henan Key Laboratory for Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases and Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China.
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17
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Cai Z, Wang B, Zhou Z, Zhao X, Hu L, Ren Q, Deng L, Li Z, Wang G. Discovery of a novel and orally active Farnesoid X receptor agonist for the protection of acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. Chem Biol Drug Des 2021; 99:483-495. [PMID: 34936214 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is a leading cause of acute hepatic failure and liver transplantation, while the existing treatments are poorly effective. Therefore, it is necessary to develop effective therapeutic drugs for APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a potential target for the treatment of liver disease, and the activation of FXR protects mice against APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. Compound 5, a glycine-conjugated derivative of FXR agonist 4, was designed to extend the chemical space of existing FXR agonists. Molecular modeling study indicated that compound 5 formed hydrogen bond network with key residues of FXR. Moreover, compound 5 (10 mg/kg) revealed better protective effects against APAP-induced hepatotoxicity than parent compound 4 (30 mg/kg). Further mechanical research indicated that compound 5 regulated the expressions of genes related to FXR and oxidative stress. These findings suggest that compound 5 is a promising FXR agonist suitable for further research, and it is the first time to verify that the glycine-conjugated derivative five exerted better protective effects than its parent compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongyu Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zongtao Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Evaluation, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijun Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Ren
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Evaluation, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liming Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Evaluation, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Evaluation, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangji Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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18
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Qian H, Bai Q, Yang X, Akakpo JY, Ji L, Yang L, Rülicke T, Zatloukal K, Jaeschke H, Ni HM, Ding WX. Dual roles of p62/SQSTM1 in the injury and recovery phases of acetaminophen-induced liver injury in mice. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:3791-3805. [PMID: 35024307 PMCID: PMC8727897 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose can induce liver injury and is the most frequent cause of acute liver failure in the United States. We investigated the role of p62/SQSTM1 (referred to as p62) in APAP-induced liver injury (AILI) in mice. We found that the hepatic protein levels of p62 dramatically increased at 24 h after APAP treatment, which was inversely correlated with the hepatic levels of APAP-adducts. APAP also activated mTOR at 24 h, which is associated with increased cell proliferation. In contrast, p62 knockout (KO) mice showed increased hepatic levels of APAP-adducts detected by a specific antibody using Western blot analysis but decreased mTOR activation and cell proliferation with aggravated liver injury at 24 h after APAP treatment. Surprisingly, p62 KO mice recovered from AILI whereas the wild-type mice still sustained liver injury at 48 h. We found increased number of infiltrated macrophages in p62 KO mice that were accompanied with decreased hepatic von Willebrand factor (VWF) and platelet aggregation, which are associated with increased cell proliferation and improved liver injury at 48 h after APAP treatment. Our data indicate that p62 inhibits the late injury phase of AILI by increasing autophagic selective removal of APAP-adducts and mitochondria but impairs the recovery phase of AILI likely by enhancing hepatic blood coagulation.
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Key Words
- 4EBP-1, translational initiation factor 4E binding protein-1
- AILI, APAP-induced liver injury
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- APAP, acetaminophen
- APAP-AD, APAP-adducts
- Autophagy
- CLEC-2, C-type lectin-like receptor
- CYP2E1, cytochrome P450 2E
- Coagulation
- DILI
- GCL, glutamate cysteine ligase
- GSH, glutathione
- H&E, hematoxylin and eosin
- Hepatotoxicity
- KC, Kupffer cells
- KEAP1, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1
- KIR, KEAP1-interacting region
- KO, knockout
- LC3, microtubule-associated light chain 3
- Liver regeneration
- Macrophage
- NAC, N-acetylcysteine
- NAPQI, N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine
- NF-κB, nuclear factor-κB
- NPCs, non-parenchymal cells
- NQO1, NADPH quinone dehydrogenase 1
- NRF2, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
- Platelet
- S6, ribosomal protein S6 kinase
- TUNEL, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling
- VWF, von Willebrand factor
- WT, wild type
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Qian
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Qingyun Bai
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Yichun University, Yichun 336000, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jephte Y. Akakpo
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Lili Ji
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Li Yang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Thomas Rülicke
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Veterinärplatz, Vienna 1210, Austria
| | - Kurt Zatloukal
- The Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz A-8036, Austria
| | - Hartmut Jaeschke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Hong-Min Ni
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Wen-Xing Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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19
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Yan M, Zhao C, Lu S, Cui J, Sun Z, Liu X, Liu S, Huo Y, Yin S, Hu H. Trimethylamine N-oxide exacerbates acetaminophen-induced liver injury by interfering with macrophage-mediated liver regeneration. J Cell Physiol 2021; 237:897-910. [PMID: 34459512 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP)-induced acute liver injury (AILI) is the most frequent cause of acute liver failure in developed countries. Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a metabolite derived from the gut microbiota and is relatively high in the circulation of the elderly, individuals with diabetes, and heart disease. Herein, we showed that TMAO exacerbates APAP hepatotoxicity. It is possible that delayed liver repair and regeneration that resulted from reduced macrophage accumulation was responsible for this combined hepatotoxicity. Moreover, matrix metalloproteinase 12 (Mmp12), expressed predominantly by macrophages, were reduced by TMAO in vitro and in vivo. This led to the inhibition of macrophage migration and a subsequent decrease in the recruitment of proresolving macrophages to the necrosis area. Furthermore, the administration of recombinant Mmp12 mitigated the enhanced hepatotoxicity in mice cotreated with TMAO and APAP. Overall, this study indicates that TMAO exacerbates APAP-induced hepatotoxicity by hindering macrophage-mediated liver repair, which might stem from the inhibition of Mmp12. These findings imply that liver damage in patients with high levels of circulating TMAO may be more severe in AILI and should exercise caution when treating with NAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Yan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Non-thermal Processing, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chong Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Non-thermal Processing, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shangyun Lu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Non-thermal Processing, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinling Cui
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Non-thermal Processing, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenou Sun
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Non-thermal Processing, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyi Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Non-thermal Processing, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Non-thermal Processing, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yazhen Huo
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shutao Yin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Non-thermal Processing, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbo Hu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Non-thermal Processing, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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20
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Henderson MW, Sparkenbaugh EM, Wang S, Ilich A, Noubouossie DF, Mailer R, Renné T, Flick MJ, Luyendyk JP, Chen ZL, Strickland S, Stravitz RT, McCrae KR, Key NS, Pawlinski R. Plasmin-mediated cleavage of high-molecular-weight kininogen contributes to acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure. Blood 2021; 138:259-272. [PMID: 33827130 PMCID: PMC8310429 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020006198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury is associated with activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis. In mice, both tissue factor-dependent thrombin generation and plasmin activity have been shown to promote liver injury after APAP overdose. However, the contribution of the contact and intrinsic coagulation pathways has not been investigated in this model. Mice deficient in individual factors of the contact (factor XII [FXII] and prekallikrein) or intrinsic coagulation (FXI) pathway were administered a hepatotoxic dose of 400 mg/kg of APAP. Neither FXII, FXI, nor prekallikrein deficiency mitigated coagulation activation or hepatocellular injury. Interestingly, despite the lack of significant changes to APAP-induced coagulation activation, markers of liver injury and inflammation were significantly reduced in APAP-challenged high-molecular-weight kininogen-deficient (HK-/-) mice. Protective effects of HK deficiency were not reproduced by inhibition of bradykinin-mediated signaling, whereas reconstitution of circulating levels of HK in HK-/- mice restored hepatotoxicity. Fibrinolysis activation was observed in mice after APAP administration. Western blotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and mass spectrometry analysis showed that plasmin efficiently cleaves HK into multiple fragments in buffer or plasma. Importantly, plasminogen deficiency attenuated APAP-induced liver injury and prevented HK cleavage in the injured liver. Finally, enhanced plasmin generation and HK cleavage, in the absence of contact pathway activation, were observed in plasma of patients with acute liver failure due to APAP overdose. In summary, extrinsic but not intrinsic pathway activation drives the thromboinflammatory pathology associated with APAP-induced liver injury in mice. Furthermore, plasmin-mediated cleavage of HK contributes to hepatotoxicity in APAP-challenged mice independently of thrombin generation or bradykinin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Henderson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, and
- UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Erica M Sparkenbaugh
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, and
- UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Shaobin Wang
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, and
- UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Anton Ilich
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, and
- UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Denis F Noubouossie
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, and
- UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Reiner Mailer
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Renné
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthew J Flick
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
- UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - James P Luyendyk
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Zu-Lin Chen
- Patricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Sidney Strickland
- Patricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - R Todd Stravitz
- Hume-Lee Transplant Center of Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA; and
| | - Keith R McCrae
- Taussig Cancer Institute and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Nigel S Key
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, and
- UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Rafal Pawlinski
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, and
- UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
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21
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Deng X, Mai R, Zhang C, Liu J, Ren Y, Li G, Chen J. Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of a novel synthetic peptide CWHTH based on the Styela clava-derived natural peptide LWHTH with improved antioxidant, hepatoprotective and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory activities. Int J Pharm 2021; 605:120852. [PMID: 34224842 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
LWHTH (Leu-Trp-His-Thr-His) is an antioxidant pentapeptide isolated from Styela clava tissue. Based on LWHTH, we designed and synthesized a series of novel peptides using the alanine scanning technique and determined the pharmacological activities of these derivatives. Among the ten newly synthesized LWHTH analogs, peptide CWHTH was identified as the most potent compound with prominent antioxidant activity. CWHTH not only showed the ability to scavenge several biologically important radicals, protected cells from H2O2 or APAP-induced damage by activating the PI3K/Akt and suppressing the JNK/c-Jun pathways, but also exerted strong in vivo hepatoprotective effects in an APAP-induced liver injury model in mice. Moreover, it was demonstrated that CWHTH possesses potent angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity and high stability against gastrointestinal proteases. In summary, CWHTH is a promising antioxidant peptide worthy of further investigation as a potential hepatoprotective and antihypertensive agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Deng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou 510515, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Ruiyao Mai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Chenyu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, 62 Hengzhigang Road, Guangzhou 510095, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Analytical Applications Center, Shimadzu (China) Co., Ltd. Guangzhou Branch, 230 Gaotang Road, Guangzhou 510656, China
| | - Yichang Ren
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Gang Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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22
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Reddoch-Cardenas KM, Cheppudira BP, Garza T, Hopkins CD, Bunker KD, Slee DH, Cap AP, Bynum JA, Christy RJ. Evaluation of KP-1199: a novel acetaminophen analog for hemostatic function and antinociceptive effects. Transfusion 2021; 61 Suppl 1:S234-S242. [PMID: 34269435 DOI: 10.1111/trf.16497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acetaminophen (APAP) is a widely self-prescribed analgesic for mild to moderate pain, but overdose or repeat doses can lead to liver injury and death. Kalyra Pharmaceuticals has developed a novel APAP analog, KP-1199, currently in Phase 1 clinical studies, which lacks hepatotoxicity. In this study, the authors evaluated the antinociceptive effect of KP-1199 on thermal injury-induced nociceptive behaviors as well as hemostatic parameters using human blood samples. METHODS Full-thickness thermal injury was induced in anesthetized adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. On day 7 post-injury, KP-1199 (30 and 60 mg/kg) or APAP (60 mg/kg) was administered orally. Antinociception of KP-1199 and APAP were assessed at multiple time points using Hargreaves' test. In separate experiments, human whole blood was collected and treated with either KP-1199, APAP, or Vehicle (citrate buffer) at 1× (214 μg/ml) and 10× (2140 μg/ml) concentrations. The treated blood samples were assessed for: clotting function, thrombin generation, and platelet activation. RESULTS APAP did not produce antinociceptive activity. KP-1199 treatment significantly increased the nociceptive threshold, and the antinociceptive activity persisted up to 3 h post-treatment. In human samples, 10× APAP caused significantly prolonged clotting times and increased platelet activation, whereas KP-1199 had caused no negative effects on either parameter tested. CONCLUSION These results suggest that KP-1199 possesses antinociceptive activity in a rat model of thermal injury. Since KP-1199 does not induce platelet activation or inhibit coagulation, it presents an attractive alternative to APAP for analgesia, especially for battlefield or surgical scenarios where blood loss and blood clotting are of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bopaiah P Cheppudira
- United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Thomas Garza
- United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Chad D Hopkins
- Kalyra Pharmaceuticals, Inc., San Diego, California, USA
| | - Kevin D Bunker
- Kalyra Pharmaceuticals, Inc., San Diego, California, USA
| | | | - Andrew P Cap
- United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - James A Bynum
- United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Robert J Christy
- United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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23
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Shan Z, Li L, Atkins CL, Wang M, Wen Y, Jeong J, Moreno NF, Feng D, Gui X, Zhang N, Lee CG, Elias JA, Lee WM, Gao B, Lam FW, An Z, Ju C. Chitinase 3-like-1 contributes to acetaminophen-induced liver injury by promoting hepatic platelet recruitment. eLife 2021; 10:e68571. [PMID: 34110284 PMCID: PMC8233036 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatic platelet accumulation contributes to acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury (AILI). However, little is known about the molecular pathways involved in platelet recruitment to the liver and whether targeting such pathways could attenuate AILI. Methods Mice were fasted overnight before intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected with APAP at a dose of 210 mg/kg for male mice and 325 mg/kg for female mice. Platelets adherent to Kupffer cells were determined in both mice and patients overdosed with APAP. The impact of α-chitinase 3-like-1 (α-Chi3l1) on alleviation of AILI was determined in a therapeutic setting, and liver injury was analyzed. Results The present study unveiled a critical role of Chi3l1 in hepatic platelet recruitment during AILI. Increased Chi3l1 and platelets in the liver were observed in patients and mice overdosed with APAP. Compared to wild-type (WT) mice, Chil1-/- mice developed attenuated AILI with markedly reduced hepatic platelet accumulation. Mechanistic studies revealed that Chi3l1 signaled through CD44 on macrophages to induce podoplanin expression, which mediated platelet recruitment through C-type lectin-like receptor 2. Moreover, APAP treatment of Cd44-/- mice resulted in much lower numbers of hepatic platelets and liver injury than WT mice, a phenotype similar to that in Chil1-/- mice. Recombinant Chi3l1 could restore hepatic platelet accumulation and AILI in Chil1-/- mice, but not in Cd44-/- mice. Importantly, we generated anti-Chi3l1 monoclonal antibodies and demonstrated that they could effectively inhibit hepatic platelet accumulation and AILI. Conclusions We uncovered the Chi3l1/CD44 axis as a critical pathway mediating APAP-induced hepatic platelet recruitment and tissue injury. We demonstrated the feasibility and potential of targeting Chi3l1 to treat AILI. Funding ZS received funding from NSFC (32071129). FWL received funding from NIH (GM123261). ALFSG received funding from NIDDK (DK 058369). ZA received funding from CPRIT (RP150551 and RP190561) and the Welch Foundation (AU-0042-20030616). CJ received funding from NIH (DK122708, DK109574, DK121330, and DK122796) and support from a University of Texas System Translational STARs award. Portions of this work were supported with resources and the use of facilities of the Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center and funding from Department of Veterans Affairs I01 BX002551 (Equipment, Personnel, Supplies). The contents do not represent the views of the US Department of Veterans Affairs or the US Government.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Shan
- Department of Anesthesiology, UTHealth McGovern Medical SchoolHoustonUnited States
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Leike Li
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, UTHealth McGovern Medical SchoolHoustonUnited States
| | | | - Meng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, UTHealth McGovern Medical SchoolHoustonUnited States
| | - Yankai Wen
- Department of Anesthesiology, UTHealth McGovern Medical SchoolHoustonUnited States
| | - Jongmin Jeong
- Department of Anesthesiology, UTHealth McGovern Medical SchoolHoustonUnited States
| | - Nicolas F Moreno
- Department of Anesthesiology, UTHealth McGovern Medical SchoolHoustonUnited States
| | - Dechun Feng
- Laboratory of Liver Disease, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIHBethesdaUnited States
| | - Xun Gui
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, UTHealth McGovern Medical SchoolHoustonUnited States
| | - Ningyan Zhang
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, UTHealth McGovern Medical SchoolHoustonUnited States
| | - Chun Geun Lee
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown UniversityProvidenceUnited States
| | - Jack A Elias
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown UniversityProvidenceUnited States
- Division of Medicine and Biological Sciences, Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown UniversityProvidenceUnited States
| | - William M Lee
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Med SchoolDallasUnited States
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Disease, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIHBethesdaUnited States
| | - Fong Wilson Lam
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
- Center for Translation Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical CenterHoustonUnited States
| | - Zhiqiang An
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, UTHealth McGovern Medical SchoolHoustonUnited States
| | - Cynthia Ju
- Department of Anesthesiology, UTHealth McGovern Medical SchoolHoustonUnited States
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24
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Groeneveld DJ, Poole LG, Luyendyk JP. Targeting von Willebrand factor in liver diseases: A novel therapeutic strategy? J Thromb Haemost 2021; 19:1390-1408. [PMID: 33774926 PMCID: PMC8582603 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Acute and chronic liver disease are associated with substantial alterations in the hemostatic system. Evidence from both experimental and clinical studies suggests that anticoagulants slow the progression of liver disease. Efficacy of those anticoagulant drugs is, in part, attributed to a reduction of microthrombi formation within the liver. Although anticoagulant drugs show promising results, bleeding risk associated with these drugs is an obvious drawback, particularly in patients with a complex coagulopathy driven by decreased liver function. Identifying therapies that reduce intrahepatic thrombosis with minimal bleeding risk would significantly advance the field. Among the hemostatic alterations observed in patients are substantially increased levels of the platelet-adhesive protein von Willebrand factor (VWF). In contrast, levels of A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase with Thrombospondin motifs, the enzyme that regulates VWF activity, are significantly reduced in patients with liver disease. Highly elevated VWF levels are proposed to accelerate intrahepatic thrombus formation and thus be a driver of disease progression. Strong clinical evidence suggesting a link between liver disease and changes in VWF is now being matched by emerging mechanistic data showing a detrimental role for VWF in the progression of liver disease. This review focuses on clinical and experimental evidence supporting a connection between VWF function and the progression of acute and chronic liver diseases. Furthermore, with the recent anticipated approval of several novel therapies targeting VWF, we discuss potential strategies and benefits of targeting VWF as an innovative therapy for patients with liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafna J Groeneveld
- Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Lauren G Poole
- Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - James P Luyendyk
- Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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25
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Yen JS, Hu CC, Huang WH, Hsu CW, Yen TH, Weng CH. An artificial intelligence algorithm for analyzing acetaminophen-associated toxic hepatitis. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:1947-1954. [PMID: 33955253 DOI: 10.1177/09603271211014587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Very little artificial intelligence (AI) work has been performed to investigate acetaminophen-associated hepatotoxicity. The objective of this study was to develop an AI algorithm for analyzing weighted features for toxic hepatitis after acetaminophen poisoning. METHODS The medical records of 187 patients with acetaminophen poisoning treated at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital were reviewed. Patients were sorted into two groups according to their status of toxic hepatitis. A total of 40 clinical and laboratory features recorded on the first day of admission were selected for algorithm development. The random forest classifier (RFC) and logistic regression (LR) were used for artificial intelligence algorithm development. RESULTS The RFC-based AI model achieved the following results: accuracy = 92.5 ± 2.6%; sensitivity = 100%; specificity = 60%; precision = 92.3 ± 3.4%; and F1 = 96.0 ± 1.8%. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was approximately 0.98. The LR-based AI model achieved the following results: accuracy = 92.00 ± 2.9%; sensitivity = 100%; specificity = 20%; precision = 92.8 ± 3.4%; recall = 98.8 ± 3.4%; and F1 = 95.6 ± 1.5%. The AUROC was approximately 0.68. The weighted features were calculated, and the 10 most important weighted features for toxic hepatitis were aspartate aminotransferase (ALT), prothrombin time, alanine aminotransferase (AST), time to hospital, platelet count, lymphocyte count, albumin, total bilirubin, body temperature and acetaminophen level. CONCLUSION The top five weighted features for acetaminophen-associated toxic hepatitis were ALT, prothrombin time, AST, time to hospital and platelet count.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-S Yen
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Poison Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou
| | - C-C Hu
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan.,Department of Hepatogastroenterology and Liver Research Unit, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung
| | - W-H Huang
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Poison Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan.,Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou
| | - C-W Hsu
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Poison Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan.,Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou
| | - T-H Yen
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Poison Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan.,Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou.,Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou
| | - C-H Weng
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Poison Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan.,Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou
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26
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Factor XIII cross-links fibrin(ogen) independent of fibrin polymerization in experimental acute liver injury. Blood 2021; 137:2520-2531. [PMID: 33569603 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020007415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Intravascular fibrin clot formation follows a well-ordered series of reactions catalyzed by thrombin cleavage of fibrinogen leading to fibrin polymerization and cross-linking by factor XIIIa (FXIIIa). Extravascular fibrin(ogen) deposits are observed in injured tissues; however, the mechanisms regulating fibrin(ogen) polymerization and cross-linking in this setting are unclear. The objective of this study was to determine the mechanisms of fibrin polymerization and cross-linking in acute liver injury induced by acetaminophen (APAP) overdose. Hepatic fibrin(ogen) deposition and cross-linking were measured following APAP overdose in wild-type mice, mice lacking the catalytic subunit of FXIII (FXIII-/-), and in FibAEK mice, which express mutant fibrinogen insensitive to thrombin-mediated fibrin polymer formation. Hepatic fibrin(ogen) deposition was similar in APAP-challenged wild-type and FXIII-/- mice, yet cross-linking of hepatic fibrin(ogen) was dramatically reduced (>90%) by FXIII deficiency. Surprisingly, hepatic fibrin(ogen) deposition and cross-linking were only modestly reduced in APAP-challenged FibAEK mice, suggesting that in the APAP-injured liver fibrin polymerization is not strictly required for the extravascular deposition of cross-linked fibrin(ogen). We hypothesized that the oxidative environment in the injured liver, containing high levels of reactive mediators (eg, peroxynitrite), modifies fibrin(ogen) such that fibrin polymerization is impaired without impacting FXIII-mediated cross-linking. Notably, fibrin(ogen) modified with 3-nitrotyrosine adducts was identified in the APAP-injured liver. In biochemical assays, peroxynitrite inhibited thrombin-mediated fibrin polymerization in a concentration-dependent manner without affecting fibrin(ogen) cross-linking over time. These studies depict a unique pathology wherein thrombin-catalyzed fibrin polymerization is circumvented to allow tissue deposition and FXIII-dependent fibrin(ogen) cross-linking.
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27
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Localized inhibition of platelets and platelet derived growth factor by a matrix targeted glycan mimetic significantly attenuates liver fibrosis. Biomaterials 2020; 269:120538. [PMID: 33246740 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
New therapeutic strategies are needed for the growing unmet clinical needs in liver disease and fibrosis. Platelet activation and PDGF activity are recognized as important therapeutic targets; however, no therapeutic approach has yet addressed these two upstream drivers of liver fibrosis. We therefore designed a matrix-targeting glycan therapeutic, SBR-294, to inhibit collagen-mediated platelet activation while also inhibiting PDGF activity. Herein we describe the synthesis and characterization of SBR-294 and demonstrate its potential therapeutic benefits in vitro and in vivo. In vitro SBR-294 was found to bind collagen (EC50 = 23 nM), thereby inhibiting platelet-collagen engagement (IC50 = 60 nM). Additionally, SBR-294 was found to bind all PDGF homodimeric isoforms and to inhibit PDGF-BB mediated hepatic stellate cell activation and proliferation. Translating these mechanisms in vivo, SBR-294 reduced fibrosis by up to 54% in the CCl4 mouse model (p = 0.0004), as measured by Sirius red histological analysis. Additional fibrosis measurements were also supportive of the therapeutic benefit in this model. These results support the therapeutic benefit of platelet and PDGF antagonism and warrant further investigation of SBR-294 as a potential treatment for liver fibrosis.
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28
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Jaeschke H, Ramachandran A. Pleiotropic Roles of Platelets and Neutrophils in Cell Death and Recovery During Acetaminophen Hepatotoxicity. Hepatology 2020; 72:1873-1876. [PMID: 32749714 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hartmut Jaeschke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Anup Ramachandran
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
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29
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Otaka F, Ito Y, Goto T, Eshima K, Amano H, Koizumi W, Majima M. Platelets prevent the development of monocrotaline-induced liver injury in mice. Toxicol Lett 2020; 335:71-81. [PMID: 33122006 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Destruction of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) is an initial event in sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS) that leads to accumulation of platelets in the liver. Herein, we explored the role of platelets during progression of experimental SOS induced by monocrotaline (MCT) in mice. Depletion of platelets using an anti-CD41 antibody or anti-thrombocyte serum exacerbated MCT-induced liver injury in C57BL/6 mice, as indicated by an increase in the alanine transaminase (ALT) level, which was associated with hemorrhagic necrosis. Thrombocytosis induced by thrombopoietin (TPO) or the TPO receptor agonist romiplostim (ROM) attenuated MCT-induced liver injury, as evidenced by lower levels of ALT and mRNA encoding matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 9, and higher levels of mRNA encoding vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) 2 and VEGFR3. The level of activated hepatic platelets was higher in TPO- and ROM-treated mice than in saline-treated mice. Co-culture with a high number of platelets increased the viability of LSECs and their mRNA levels of CD31, VEGFR2, and VEGFR3, and decreased their mRNA level of MMP9. The level of VEGF-A was increased in the culture medium of LSECs co-cultured with platelets. These results indicate that platelets attenuate MCT-induced liver injury by minimizing damage to LSECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumisato Otaka
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan; Departments of Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan; Departments of Gastroenterology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Ito
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan; Departments of Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan.
| | - Takuya Goto
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Koji Eshima
- Departments of Immunology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Hideki Amano
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan; Departments of Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Wasaburo Koizumi
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Masataka Majima
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan; Departments of Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan; Department of Medical Therapeutics, Kanagawa Institute of Technology, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0292, Japan
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Ji H, Song X, Cheng H, Luo L, Huang J, He C, Yin J, Zhao W, Qiu L, Zhao C. Biocompatible In Situ Polymerization of Multipurpose Polyacrylamide-Based Hydrogels on Skin via Silver Ion Catalyzation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:31079-31089. [PMID: 32571008 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c02495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Ji
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Song
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huitong Cheng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Longbo Luo
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianbo Huang
- Department of Ultrasound, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No.37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao He
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiarui Yin
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weifeng Zhao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Qiu
- Department of Ultrasound, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No.37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Changsheng Zhao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People’s Republic of China
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31
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Chauhan A, Sheriff L, Hussain MT, Webb GJ, Patten DA, Shepherd EL, Shaw R, Weston CJ, Haldar D, Bourke S, Bhandari R, Watson S, Adams DH, Watson SP, Lalor PF. The platelet receptor CLEC-2 blocks neutrophil mediated hepatic recovery in acetaminophen induced acute liver failure. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1939. [PMID: 32321925 PMCID: PMC7176690 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15584-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) is the main cause of acute liver failure in the West. Specific efficacious therapies for acute liver failure (ALF) are limited and time-dependent. The mechanisms that drive irreversible acute liver failure remain poorly characterized. Here we report that the recently discovered platelet receptor CLEC-2 (C-type lectin-like receptor) perpetuates and worsens liver damage after toxic liver injury. Our data demonstrate that blocking platelet CLEC-2 signalling enhances liver recovery from acute toxic liver injuries (APAP and carbon tetrachloride) by increasing tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production which then enhances reparative hepatic neutrophil recruitment. We provide data from humans and mice demonstrating that platelet CLEC-2 influences the hepatic sterile inflammatory response and that this can be manipulated for therapeutic benefit in acute liver injury. Since CLEC-2 mediated platelet activation is independent of major haemostatic pathways, blocking this pathway represents a coagulopathy-sparing, specific and novel therapy in acute liver failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Chauhan
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Lozan Sheriff
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Mohammed T Hussain
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Gwilym J Webb
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Daniel A Patten
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Emma L Shepherd
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Robert Shaw
- Technology Hub, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Christopher J Weston
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Debashis Haldar
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Samuel Bourke
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Rajan Bhandari
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Stephanie Watson
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - David H Adams
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Steve P Watson
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, The Midlands, Nottingham, UK
| | - Patricia F Lalor
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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Krauskopf J, Gosink MM, Schomaker S, Caiment F, Warner R, Johnson K, Kleinjans J, Aubrecht J. The MicroRNA-based Liquid Biopsy Improves Early Assessment of Lethal Acetaminophen Poisoning: A Case Report. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CASE REPORTS 2020; 21:e919289. [PMID: 32086430 PMCID: PMC7049075 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.919289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acetaminophen overdose is the most common cause of acute liver failure. Nevertheless, new biomarker approaches enabling early prediction of the outcome of the acetaminophen overdose are needed. Recently, using next-generation sequencing analysis of serum from human study participants we uncovered injury-specific signatures of circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) that represented underlying molecular mechanisms of toxicity. This case study is first to show the application of miRNA profiling to assess prognosis of acetaminophen poisoning. CASE REPORT The patient was admitted to the hospital following supra therapeutic acetaminophen ingestion. The patient showed elevated levels of biomarkers of hepatocellular injury alanine aminotransferase, aspartate transaminase, and glutamate dehydrogenase. Even though treatment with N-acetyl cysteine was initiated 24 hours post-ingestion, levels of alanine-aminotransferase and aspartate transaminase peaked at about 40 hours post ingestion of acetaminophen. We analyzed global circulating miRNA levels from 24 consecutive serum samples from this study participant covering the period from admission to time of death. CONCLUSIONS The resulting global miRNA profiles were compared with profiles from study participants with non-lethal acetaminophen poisoning and healthy controls. At the admission, the miRNA profiles of both lethal and non-lethal acetaminophen poisoning showed induction of cellular stress and oxidative damage. Later, the miRNA profiles of the lethal poisoning featured fibrosis and coagulation pathways while profiles of non-lethal cases resembled those of healthy study participants. Although additional confirmatory studies are needed, our case study is first to indicate that global miRNA profiles to be used as liquid biopsies have potential to facilitate the assessment of acetaminophen poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Krauskopf
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Mark M. Gosink
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, U.S.A
| | - Shelli Schomaker
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., Groton, CT, U.S.A
| | - Florian Caiment
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Roscoe Warner
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, U.S.A
| | - Kent Johnson
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, U.S.A
| | - Jos Kleinjans
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jiri Aubrecht
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., Groton, CT, U.S.A
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Groeneveld D, Cline-Fedewa H, Baker KS, Williams KJ, Roth RA, Mittermeier K, Lisman T, Palumbo JS, Luyendyk JP. Von Willebrand factor delays liver repair after acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury in mice. J Hepatol 2020; 72:146-155. [PMID: 31606553 PMCID: PMC6941657 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2019.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIM Acetaminophen (APAP)-induced acute liver failure is associated with substantial alterations in the hemostatic system. In mice, platelets accumulate in the liver after APAP overdose and appear to promote liver injury. Interestingly, patients with acute liver injury have highly elevated levels of the platelet-adhesive protein von Willebrand factor (VWF), but a mechanistic connection between VWF and progression of liver injury has not been established. We tested the hypothesis that VWF contributes directly to experimental APAP-induced acute liver injury. METHODS Wild-type mice and VWF-deficient (Vwf-/-) mice were given a hepatotoxic dose of APAP (300 mg/kg, i.p.) or vehicle (saline). VWF plasma levels were measured by ELISA, and liver necrosis or hepatocyte proliferation was measured by immunohistochemistry. Platelet and VWF deposition were measured by immunofluorescence. RESULTS In wild-type mice, VWF plasma levels, high molecular weight (HMW) VWF multimers, and VWF activity decreased 24 h after APAP challenge. These changes coupled to robust hepatic VWF and platelet deposition, although VWF deficiency had minimal effect on peak hepatic platelet accumulation or liver injury. VWF plasma levels were elevated 48 h after APAP challenge, but with relative reductions in HMW multimers and VWF activity. Whereas hepatic platelet aggregates persisted in livers of APAP-challenged wild-type mice, platelets were nearly absent in Vwf-/- mice 48 h after APAP challenge. The absence of platelet aggregates was linked to dramatically accelerated repair of the injured liver. Complementing observations in Vwf-/- mice, blocking VWF or the platelet integrin αIIbβ3 during development of injury significantly reduced hepatic platelet aggregation and accelerated liver repair in APAP-challenged wild-type mice. CONCLUSION These studies are the first to suggest a mechanistic link between VWF, hepatic platelet accumulation, and liver repair. Targeting VWF might provide a novel therapeutic approach to improve repair of the APAP-injured liver. LAY SUMMARY Patients with acute liver injury due to acetaminophen overdose have highly elevated levels of the platelet-adhesive protein von Willebrand factor. It is not known whether von Willebrand factor plays a direct role in the progression of acute liver injury. We discovered that von Willebrand factor delays repair of the acetaminophen-injured liver in mice and that targeting von Willebrand factor, even in mice with established liver injury, accelerates liver repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafna Groeneveld
- Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Holly Cline-Fedewa
- Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Kevin S Baker
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Kurt J Williams
- Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Robert A Roth
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Karen Mittermeier
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ton Lisman
- Section of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Surgical Research Laboratory, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joseph S Palumbo
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - James P Luyendyk
- Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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35
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Thioacetamide-induced liver damage and thrombocytopenia is associated with induction of antiplatelet autoantibody in mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17497. [PMID: 31767905 PMCID: PMC6877565 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53977-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Thrombocytopenia is usually associated with liver injury, elevated plasma aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels, and high antiplatelet immunoglobulin (Ig) titers, although the mechanism behind these effects remains elusive. Deciphering the mechanism behind acute liver disease–associated thrombocytopenia may help solve difficulties in routine patient care, such as liver biopsy, antiviral therapy, and surgery. To determine whether liver damage is sufficient per se to elicit thrombocytopenia, thioacetamide (TAA)-induced hepatitis rodent models were employed. The analysis results indicated that TAA treatment transiently induced an elevation of antiplatelet antibody titer in both rats and mice. B-cell-deficient (BCD) mice, which have loss of antibody expression, exhibited markedly less thrombocytopenia and liver damage than wild-type controls. Because TAA still induces liver damage in BCD mice, this suggests that antiplatelet Ig is one of the pathogenic factors, which play exacerbating role in the acute phase of TAA-induced hepatitis. TNF-α was differentially regulated in wild-type versus BCD mice during TAA treatment, and anti-TNF treatment drastically ameliorated antiplatelet Ig induction, thrombocytopenia, and liver injury, suggesting that the TNF pathway plays a critical role in the disease progression.
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36
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Drescher HK, Brandt EF, Fischer P, Dreschers S, Schwendener RA, Kowalska MA, Canbay A, Wasmuth HE, Weiskirchen R, Trautwein C, Berres ML, Kroy DC, Sahin H. Platelet Factor 4 Attenuates Experimental Acute Liver Injury in Mice. Front Physiol 2019; 10:326. [PMID: 30971954 PMCID: PMC6444115 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet factor 4 (PF4) is a pleiotropic inflammatory chemokine, which has been implicated in various inflammatory disorders including liver fibrosis. However, its role in acute liver diseases has not yet been elucidated. Here we describe an unexpected, anti-inflammatory role of PF4. Serum concentrations of PF4 were measured in patients and mice with acute liver diseases. Acute liver injury in mice was induced either by carbon tetrachloride or by D-galactosamine hydrochloride and lipopolysaccharide. Serum levels of PF4 were decreased in patients and mice with acute liver diseases. PF4-/- mice displayed increased liver damage in both models compared to control which was associated with increased apoptosis of hepatocytes and an enhanced pro-inflammatory response of liver macrophages. In this experimental setting, PF4-/- mice were unable to generate activated Protein C (APC), a protein with anti-inflammatory activities on monocytes/macrophages. In vitro, PF4 limited the activation of liver resident macrophages. Hence, the systemic application of PF4 led to a strong amelioration of experimental liver injury. Along with reduced liver injury, PF4 improved the severity of the pro-inflammatory response of liver macrophages and induced increased levels of APC. PF4 has a yet unidentified direct anti-inflammatory effect in two models of acute liver injury. Thus, attenuation of acute liver injury by systemic administration of PF4 might offer a novel therapeutic approach for acute liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah K Drescher
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Elisa F Brandt
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Petra Fischer
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stephan Dreschers
- Department of Neonatology, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Reto A Schwendener
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Anna Kowalska
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Łódź, Poland
| | - Ali Canbay
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto von Guericke University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hermann E Wasmuth
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy, and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Trautwein
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marie-Luise Berres
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Daniela C Kroy
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Hacer Sahin
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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Luyendyk JP, Schoenecker JG, Flick MJ. The multifaceted role of fibrinogen in tissue injury and inflammation. Blood 2019; 133:511-520. [PMID: 30523120 PMCID: PMC6367649 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-07-818211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The canonical role of the hemostatic and fibrinolytic systems is to maintain vascular integrity. Perturbations in either system can prompt primary pathological end points of hemorrhage or thrombosis with vessel occlusion. However, fibrin(ogen) and proteases controlling its deposition and clearance, including (pro)thrombin and plasmin(ogen), have powerful roles in driving acute and reparative inflammatory pathways that affect the spectrum of tissue injury, remodeling, and repair. Indeed, fibrin(ogen) deposits are a near-universal feature of tissue injury, regardless of the nature of the inciting event, including injuries driven by mechanical insult, infection, or immunological derangements. Fibrin can modify multiple aspects of inflammatory cell function by engaging leukocytes through a variety of cellular receptors and mechanisms. Studies on the role of coagulation system activation and fibrin(ogen) deposition in models of inflammatory disease and tissue injury have revealed points of commonality, as well as context-dependent contributions of coagulation and fibrinolytic factors. However, there remains a critical need to define the precise temporal and spatial mechanisms by which fibrinogen-directed inflammatory events may dictate the severity of tissue injury and coordinate the remodeling and repair events essential to restore normal organ function. Current research trends suggest that future studies will give way to the identification of novel hemostatic factor-targeted therapies for a range of tissue injuries and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Luyendyk
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Jonathan G Schoenecker
- Department of Orthopaedics
- Department of Pharmacology
- Department of Pediatrics, and
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; and
| | - Matthew J Flick
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
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Shan Z, Liu X, Chen Y, Wang M, Gao YR, Xu L, Dar WA, Lee CG, Elias JA, Castillo PD, Di Paola J, Ju C. Chitinase 3-like-1 promotes intrahepatic activation of coagulation through induction of tissue factor in mice. Hepatology 2018; 67:2384-2396. [PMID: 29251791 PMCID: PMC5992002 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Coagulation is a critical component in the progression of liver disease. Identification of key molecules involved in the intrahepatic activation of coagulation (IAOC) will be instrumental in the development of effective therapies against liver disease. Using a mouse model of concanavalin A (ConA)-induced hepatitis, in which IAOC plays an essential role in causing liver injury, we uncovered a procoagulant function of chitinase 3-like 1 (Chi3l1). Chi3l1 expression is dramatically elevated after ConA challenge, which is dependent on ConA-induced T cell activation and the resulting interferon γ and tumor necrosis factor α productions. Compared with wild-type mice, Chi3l1-/- mice show less IAOC, reduced tissue factor (TF) expression, and attenuated liver injury. Reconstituting Chi3l1-/- mice with recombinant TF triggers IAOC and augments liver injury. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that Chi3l1, through induction of TF via mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, promotes IAOC and tissue injury. (Hepatology 2018;67:2384-2396).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Shan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Yue Rachel Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Liangguo Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Wasim A. Dar
- Department of Surgery, UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chun Geun Lee
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jack Angel Elias
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, New Haven, CT, USA
- Division of Medicine and Biological Sciences, Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Pavel Davizon Castillo
- Department of Pediatric, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jorge Di Paola
- Department of Pediatric, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Cynthia Ju
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
- Integrated Department of Immunology, University of Colorado Denver Aurora, CO, USA
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Yan M, Huo Y, Yin S, Hu H. Mechanisms of acetaminophen-induced liver injury and its implications for therapeutic interventions. Redox Biol 2018; 17:274-283. [PMID: 29753208 PMCID: PMC6006912 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 346] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is the leading cause of drug-induced acute liver failure in many developed countries. Mitochondrial oxidative stress is considered to be the predominant cellular event in APAP-induced liver injury. Accordingly, N-acetyl cysteine, a known scavenger of reactive oxygen species (ROS), is recommended as an effective clinical antidote against APAP-induced acute liver injury (AILI) when it is given at an early phase; however, the narrow therapeutic window limits its use. Hence, the development of novel therapeutic approaches that can offer broadly protective effects against AILI is clearly needed. To this end, it is necessary to better understand the mechanisms of APAP hepatotoxicity. Up to now, in addition to mitochondrial oxidative stress, many other cellular processes, including phase I/phase II metabolism, endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, sterile inflammation, microcirculatory dysfunction, and liver regeneration, have been identified to be involved in the pathogenesis of AILI, providing new targets for developing more effective therapeutic interventions against APAP-induced liver injury. In this review, we summarize intracellular and extracellular events involved in APAP hepatotoxicity, along with emphatic discussions on the possible therapeutic approaches targeting these different cellular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Yan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Non-thermal Processing, National Engineering Research Centre for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No. 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yazhen Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shutao Yin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Non-thermal Processing, National Engineering Research Centre for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No. 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hongbo Hu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Non-thermal Processing, National Engineering Research Centre for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No. 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China.
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40
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Abstract
Platelets are key players in thrombosis and hemostasis. Alterations in platelet count and function are common in liver disease, and may contribute to bleeding or thrombotic complications in liver diseases and during liver surgery. In addition to their hemostatic function, platelets may modulate liver diseases by mechanisms that are incompletely understood. Here, we present clinical evidence for a role of platelets in the progression of chronic and acute liver diseases, including cirrhosis, acute liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma. We also present clinical evidence that platelets promote liver regeneration following partial liver resection. Subsequently, we summarize studies in experimental animal models that support these clinical observations, and also highlight studies that are in contrast with clinical observations. The combined results of clinical and experimental studies suggest that platelets may be a therapeutic target in the treatment of liver injury and repair, but the gaps in our understanding of mechanisms involved in platelet-mediated modulation of liver diseases call for caution in clinical application of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ton Lisman
- Section of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation and Surgical Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - James P. Luyendyk
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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Platelet-neutrophil interactions as drivers of inflammatory and thrombotic disease. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 371:567-576. [PMID: 29178039 PMCID: PMC5820397 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2727-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils are well known for their role in infection and inflammatory disease and are first responders at sites of infection or injury. Platelets have an established role in hemostasis and thrombosis and are first responders at sites of vascular damage. However, neutrophils are increasingly recognized for their role in thrombosis, while the immunemodulatory properties of platelets are being increasingly studied. Platelets and neutrophils interact during infection, inflammation and thrombosis and modulate each other’s functions. This review will discuss the consequences of platelet–neutrophil interactions in infection, thrombosis, atherosclerosis and tissue injury and repair.
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Ali N, Auerbach HE. New-onset acute thrombocytopenia in hospitalized patients: pathophysiology and diagnostic approach. J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect 2017; 7:157-167. [PMID: 28808508 PMCID: PMC5538216 DOI: 10.1080/20009666.2017.1335156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombocytopenia is a hematological finding commonly encountered in daily clinical practice from asymptomatic clinic patients to critically ill intensive care unit patients. A broad spectrum of etiologies and variation in clinical presentation often present a diagnostic challenge. Furthermore, concomitant presence of thrombosis and thrombocytopenia, as in cases of thrombotic thrombocytopenia, complicates the management. In hospitalized patients, new-onset thrombocytopenia is an important reason for hematology consultation. Therefore, it is of utmost importance that the etiology is diagnosed accurately. In addition, a basic understanding of the pathophysiology and the differential diagnosis avoids delay in the diagnosis and leads to rapid initiation of treatment. This review will address causes of thrombocytopenia that arises in hospitalized patients with an emphasis on the pathophysiological basis of each disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveed Ali
- Department of Internal Medicine, Abington Memorial Hospital / Abington-Jefferson Health, Abington, PA, USA
| | - Herbert E. Auerbach
- Department of Pathology, Abington Memorial Hospital / Abington-Jefferson Health, Abington, PA, USA
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43
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Kopec AK, Joshi N, Cline-Fedewa H, Wojcicki AV, Ray JL, Sullivan BP, Froehlich JE, Johnson BF, Flick MJ, Luyendyk JP. Fibrin(ogen) drives repair after acetaminophen-induced liver injury via leukocyte α Mβ 2 integrin-dependent upregulation of Mmp12. J Hepatol 2017; 66:787-797. [PMID: 27965156 PMCID: PMC5362307 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury is coupled with activation of the blood coagulation cascade and fibrin(ogen) accumulation within APAP-injured livers of experimental mice. We sought to define the role of fibrin(ogen) deposition in APAP-induced liver injury and repair. METHODS Wild-type, fibrinogen-deficient mice, mutant mice with fibrin(ogen) incapable of binding leukocyte αMβ2 integrin (Fibγ390-396A mice) and matrix metalloproteinase 12 (Mmp12)-deficient mice were fasted, injected with 300mg/kg APAP i.p. and evaluated at a range of time-points. Plasma and liver tissue were analyzed. Rescue of Fibγ390-396A mice was carried out with exogenous Mmp12. To examine the effect of the allosteric leukocyte integrin αMβ2 activator leukadherin-1 (LA-1), APAP-treated mice were injected with LA-1. RESULTS In wild-type mice, APAP overdose increased intrahepatic levels of high molecular weight cross-linked fibrin(ogen). Anticoagulation reduced early APAP hepatotoxicity (6h), but increased hepatic injury at 24h, implying a protective role for coagulation at the onset of repair. Complete fibrin(ogen) deficiency delayed liver repair after APAP overdose, evidenced by a reduction of proliferating hepatocytes (24h) and unresolved hepatocellular necrosis (48 and 72h). Fibγ390-396A mice had decreased hepatocyte proliferation and increased multiple indices of liver injury, suggesting a mechanism related to fibrin(ogen)-leukocyte interaction. Induction of Mmp12, was dramatically reduced in APAP-treated Fibγ390-396A mice. Mice lacking Mmp12 displayed exacerbated APAP-induced liver injury, resembling Fibγ390-396A mice. In contrast, administration of LA-1 enhanced hepatic Mmp12 mRNA and reduced necrosis in APAP-treated mice. Further, administration of recombinant Mmp12 protein to APAP-treated Fibγ390-396A mice restored hepatocyte proliferation. CONCLUSIONS These studies highlight a novel pathway of liver repair after APAP overdose, mediated by fibrin(ogen)-αMβ2 integrin engagement, and demonstrate a protective role of Mmp12 expression after APAP overdose. LAY SUMMARY Acetaminophen overdose leads to activation of coagulation cascade and deposition of high molecular weight cross-linked fibrin(ogen) species in the liver. Fibrin(ogen) is required for stimulating liver repair after acetaminophen overdose. The mechanism whereby fibrin(ogen) drives liver repair after acetaminophen overdose requires engagement of leukocyte αMβ2 integrin and subsequent induction of matrix metalloproteinase 12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Kopec
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Nikita Joshi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Holly Cline-Fedewa
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Anna V Wojcicki
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Jessica L Ray
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Bradley P Sullivan
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; Current affiliation: Pfizer Inc., Lake Forest, IL, USA
| | - John E Froehlich
- Michigan State University-Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Brendan F Johnson
- Michigan State University-Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, USA
| | - Matthew J Flick
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - James P Luyendyk
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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44
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Kopec AK, Joshi N, Luyendyk JP. Role of hemostatic factors in hepatic injury and disease: animal models de-liver. J Thromb Haemost 2016; 14:1337-49. [PMID: 27060337 PMCID: PMC5091081 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic liver damage is associated with unique changes in the hemostatic system. Patients with liver disease often show a precariously rebalanced hemostatic system, which is easily tipped towards bleeding or thrombotic complications by otherwise benign stimuli. In addition, some clinical studies have shown that hemostatic system components contribute to the progression of liver disease. There is a strong basic science foundation for clinical studies with this particular focus. Chronic and acute liver disease can be modeled in rodents and large animals with a variety of approaches, which span chronic exposure to toxic xenobiotics, diet-induced obesity, and surgical intervention. These experimental approaches have now provided strong evidence that, in addition to perturbations in hemostasis caused by liver disease, elements of the hemostatic system have powerful effects on the progression of experimental liver toxicity and disease. In this review, we cover the basis of the animal models that are most often utilized to assess the impact of the hemostatic system on liver disease, and highlight the role that coagulation proteases and their targets play in experimental liver toxicity and disease, emphasizing key similarities and differences between models. The need to characterize hemostatic changes in existing animal models and to develop novel animal models recapitulating the coagulopathy of chronic liver disease is highlighted. Finally, we emphasize the continued need to translate knowledge derived from highly applicable animal models to improve our understanding of the reciprocal interaction between liver disease and the hemostatic system in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K. Kopec
- Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Nikita Joshi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - James P. Luyendyk
- Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
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45
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Mechanisms of platelet-mediated liver regeneration. Blood 2016; 128:625-9. [PMID: 27297793 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-04-692665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets have multiple functions beyond their roles in thrombosis and hemostasis. Platelets support liver regeneration, which is required after partial hepatectomy and acute or chronic liver injury. Although it is widely assumed that platelets stimulate liver regeneration by local excretion of mitogens stored within platelet granules, definitive evidence for this is lacking, and alternative mechanisms deserve consideration. In-depth knowledge of mechanisms of platelet-mediated liver regeneration may lead to new therapeutic strategies to treat patients with failing regenerative responses.
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46
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Kopec AK, Luyendyk JP. Role of Fibrin(ogen) in Progression of Liver Disease: Guilt by Association? Semin Thromb Hemost 2016; 42:397-407. [PMID: 27144445 DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1579655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Strong experimental evidence indicates that components of the hemostatic system, including thrombin, exacerbate diverse features of experimental liver disease. Clinical studies have also begun to address this connection and some studies have suggested that anticoagulants can improve outcome in patients with liver disease. Among the evidence of coagulation cascade activation in models of liver injury and disease is the frequent observation of thrombin-driven hepatic fibrin(ogen) deposition. Indeed, hepatic fibrin(ogen) deposition has long been recognized as a consequence of hepatic injury. Although commonly inferred as pathologic due to protective effects of anticoagulants in mouse models, the role of fibrin(ogen) in acute liver injury and chronic liver disease may not be universally detrimental. The localization of hepatic fibrin(ogen) deposits within the liver is connected to the disease stimulus and in animal models of liver toxicity and chronic disease, fibrin(ogen) deposition may not always be synonymous with large vessel thrombosis. Here, we provide a balanced review of the experimental evidence supporting a direct connection between fibrin(ogen) and liver injury/disease pathogenesis, and suggest a path forward bridging experimental and clinical research to improve our knowledge on the nature and function of fibrin(ogen) in liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Kopec
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - James P Luyendyk
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
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Stravitz RT, Ellerbe C, Durkalski V, Reuben A, Lisman T, Lee WM. Thrombocytopenia Is Associated With Multi-organ System Failure in Patients With Acute Liver Failure. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 14:613-620.e4. [PMID: 26453953 PMCID: PMC5733710 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2015.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Acute liver failure (ALF) is a syndrome characterized by an intense systemic inflammatory response (SIRS) and multi-organ system failure (MOSF). Platelet-derived microparticles increase in proportion to the severity of the SIRS and MOSF, and are associated with poor outcome. We investigated whether patients with ALF develop thrombocytopenia in proportion to the SIRS, MOSF, and poor outcome. METHODS In a retrospective study, we collected data on the post-admission platelet counts of 1598 patients included in the ALF Study Group Registry from 1998 through October 2012. We investigated correlations between platelet counts and clinical features of ALF, laboratory test results, and outcomes. Of the patients studied, 752 (47%) survived without liver transplantation, 390 (24%) received liver transplants, and 517 (32%) died. RESULTS In patients with SIRS, platelet counts decreased 2 to 7 days after admission, compared with patients without SIRS (P ≤ .001). Patients with abnormal levels of creatinine, phosphate, lactate, or bicarbonate had significantly lower platelet counts than patients with normal levels of these laboratory values (all P ≤ .001). The decrease in platelets during days 1 to 7 after admission was proportional to the grade of hepatic encephalopathy and requirement for vasopressor and renal replacement therapy. Although platelet numbers decreased after admission in the overall population, platelets were significantly lower 2 to 7 days after admission in patients with outcomes of death or liver transplantation than in patients who made spontaneous recoveries and survived. In contrast, international normalized ratios over time were not associated with SIRS, laboratory test results associated with poor outcomes, grade of hepatic encephalopathy, or requirement for renal replacement therapy. CONCLUSIONS The development of thrombocytopenia in patients with ALF is associated with the development of MOSF and poor outcome. We speculate that SIRS-induced activation of platelets, yielding microparticles, results in clearance of platelet remnants and subsequent thrombocytopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Todd Stravitz
- Section of Hepatology and Hume-Lee Transplant Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA,Corresponding author: R. Todd Stravitz, M.D., F.A.C.P., F.A.C.G., Professor of Medicinem, Hume-Lee Transplant Center of Virginia Commonwealth University, PO Box 980341, Richmond, VA 23298-0341, Tel: (804) 828-8514, Fax: (804) 828-4945,
| | - Caitlyn Ellerbe
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Valerie Durkalski
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Adrian Reuben
- Division of Gastroenterology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Ton Lisman
- Department of Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - William M. Lee
- University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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French SL, Hamilton JR. Protease-activated receptor 4: from structure to function and back again. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:2952-65. [PMID: 26844674 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Protease-activated receptors are a family of four GPCRs (PAR1-PAR4) with a number of unique attributes. Nearly two and a half decades after the discovery of the first PAR, an antagonist targeting this receptor has been approved for human use. The first-in-class PAR1 antagonist, vorapaxar, was approved for use in the USA in 2014 for the prevention of thrombotic cardiovascular events in patients with a history of myocardial infarction or with peripheral arterial disease. These recent developments indicate the clinical potential of manipulating PAR function. While much work has been aimed at uncovering the function of PAR1 and, to a lesser extent, PAR2, comparatively little is known regarding the pharmacology and physiology of PAR3 and PAR4. Recent studies have begun to develop the pharmacological and genetic tools required to study PAR4 function in detail, and there is now emerging evidence for the function of PAR4 in disease settings. In this review, we detail the discovery, structure, pharmacology, physiological significance and therapeutic potential of PAR4. Linked Articles This article is part of a themed section on Molecular Pharmacology of G Protein-Coupled Receptors. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v173.20/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shauna L French
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Justin R Hamilton
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
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49
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Abstract
In this issue of Blood, Miyakawa et al show that platelets and protease-activated receptor (PAR)-4 contribute to acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver damage. Using various strategies in a mouse model of APAP overdose, the authors demonstrate that platelets participate in the progression of liver damage, and that the direct thrombin inhibitor lepirudin and PAR-4 deficiency attenuate hepatotoxicity. These findings have the potential to help identify future therapeutic targets for APAP-induced hepatotoxicity.
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