1
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Zou J, Sun S, De Simone I, ten Cate H, de Groot PG, de Laat B, Roest M, Heemskerk JW, Swieringa F. Platelet Activation Pathways Controlling Reversible Integrin αIIbβ3 Activation. TH OPEN 2024; 8:e232-e242. [PMID: 38911141 PMCID: PMC11193594 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1786987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Agonist-induced platelet activation, with the integrin αIIbβ3 conformational change, is required for fibrinogen binding. This is considered reversible under specific conditions, allowing a second phase of platelet aggregation. The signaling pathways that differentiate between a permanent or transient activation state of platelets are poorly elucidated. Objective To explore platelet signaling mechanisms induced by the collagen receptor glycoprotein VI (GPVI) or by protease-activated receptors (PAR) for thrombin that regulate time-dependent αIIbβ3 activation. Methods Platelets were activated with collagen-related peptide (CRP, stimulating GPVI), thrombin receptor-activating peptides, or thrombin (stimulating PAR1 and/or 4). Integrin αIIbβ3 activation and P-selectin expression was assessed by two-color flow cytometry. Signaling pathway inhibitors were applied before or after agonist addition. Reversibility of platelet spreading was studied by microscopy. Results Platelet pretreatment with pharmacological inhibitors decreased GPVI- and PAR-induced integrin αIIbβ3 activation and P-selectin expression in the target order of protein kinase C (PKC) > glycogen synthase kinase 3 > β-arrestin > phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase. Posttreatment revealed secondary αIIbβ3 inactivation (not P-selectin expression), in the same order, but this reversibility was confined to CRP and PAR1 agonist. Combined inhibition of conventional and novel PKC isoforms was most effective for integrin closure. Pre- and posttreatment with ticagrelor, blocking the P2Y 12 adenosine diphosphate (ADP) receptor, enhanced αIIbβ3 inactivation. Spreading assays showed that PKC or P2Y 12 inhibition provoked a partial conversion from filopodia to a more discoid platelet shape. Conclusion PKC and autocrine ADP signaling contribute to persistent integrin αIIbβ3 activation in the order of PAR1/GPVI > PAR4 stimulation and hence to stabilized platelet aggregation. These findings are relevant for optimization of effective antiplatelet treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmi Zou
- Platelet (patho)physiology, Synapse Research Institute, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Biochemistry and Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center + , Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Siyu Sun
- Platelet (patho)physiology, Synapse Research Institute, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Biochemistry and Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center + , Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ilaria De Simone
- Platelet (patho)physiology, Synapse Research Institute, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Hugo ten Cate
- Department of Biochemistry and Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center + , Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Philip G. de Groot
- Platelet (patho)physiology, Synapse Research Institute, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Bas de Laat
- Platelet (patho)physiology, Synapse Research Institute, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Roest
- Platelet (patho)physiology, Synapse Research Institute, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Johan W.M. Heemskerk
- Platelet (patho)physiology, Synapse Research Institute, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Frauke Swieringa
- Platelet (patho)physiology, Synapse Research Institute, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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2
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Fernández-Infante C, Hernández-Cano L, Herranz Ó, Berrocal P, Sicilia-Navarro C, González-Porras JR, Bastida JM, Porras A, Guerrero C. Platelet C3G: a key player in vesicle exocytosis, spreading and clot retraction. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:84. [PMID: 38345631 PMCID: PMC10861696 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-05109-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
C3G is a Rap1 GEF that plays a pivotal role in platelet-mediated processes such as angiogenesis, tumor growth, and metastasis by modulating the platelet secretome. Here, we explore the mechanisms through which C3G governs platelet secretion. For this, we utilized animal models featuring either overexpression or deletion of C3G in platelets, as well as PC12 cell clones expressing C3G mutants. We found that C3G specifically regulates α-granule secretion via PKCδ, but it does not affect δ-granules or lysosomes. C3G activated RalA through a GEF-dependent mechanism, facilitating vesicle docking, while interfering with the formation of the trans-SNARE complex, thereby restricting vesicle fusion. Furthermore, C3G promotes the formation of lamellipodia during platelet spreading on specific substrates by enhancing actin polymerization via Src and Rac1-Arp2/3 pathways, but not Rap1. Consequently, C3G deletion in platelets favored kiss-and-run exocytosis. C3G also controlled granule secretion in PC12 cells, including pore formation. Additionally, C3G-deficient platelets exhibited reduced phosphatidylserine exposure, resulting in decreased thrombin generation, which along with defective actin polymerization and spreading, led to impaired clot retraction. In summary, platelet C3G plays a dual role by facilitating platelet spreading and clot retraction through the promotion of outside-in signaling while concurrently downregulating α-granule secretion by restricting granule fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Fernández-Infante
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IMBCC), USAL-CSIC, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Campus Unamuno S/N, Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Luis Hernández-Cano
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IMBCC), USAL-CSIC, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Campus Unamuno S/N, Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Óscar Herranz
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IMBCC), USAL-CSIC, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Campus Unamuno S/N, Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Pablo Berrocal
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IMBCC), USAL-CSIC, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Campus Unamuno S/N, Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Carmen Sicilia-Navarro
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IMBCC), USAL-CSIC, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Campus Unamuno S/N, Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - José Ramón González-Porras
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - José María Bastida
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Almudena Porras
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carmen Guerrero
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IMBCC), USAL-CSIC, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Campus Unamuno S/N, Salamanca, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
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3
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Matharu SS, Nordmann CS, Ottman KR, Akkem R, Palumbo D, Cruz DRD, Campbell K, Sievert G, Sturgill J, Porterfield JZ, Joshi S, Alfar HR, Peng C, Pokrovskaya ID, Kamykowski JA, Wood JP, Garvy B, Aronova MA, Whiteheart SW, Leapman RD, Storrie B. Deep learning, 3D ultrastructural analysis reveals quantitative differences in platelet and organelle packing in COVID-19/SARSCoV2 patient-derived platelets. Platelets 2023; 34:2264978. [PMID: 37933490 PMCID: PMC10809228 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2023.2264978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Platelets contribute to COVID-19 clinical manifestations, of which microclotting in the pulmonary vasculature has been a prominent symptom. To investigate the potential diagnostic contributions of overall platelet morphology and their α-granules and mitochondria to the understanding of platelet hyperactivation and micro-clotting, we undertook a 3D ultrastructural approach. Because differences might be small, we used the high-contrast, high-resolution technique of focused ion beam scanning EM (FIB-SEM) and employed deep learning computational methods to evaluate nearly 600 individual platelets and 30 000 included organelles within three healthy controls and three severely ill COVID-19 patients. Statistical analysis reveals that the α-granule/mitochondrion-to-plateletvolume ratio is significantly greater in COVID-19 patient platelets indicating a denser packing of organelles, and a more compact platelet. The COVID-19 patient platelets were significantly smaller -by 35% in volume - with most of the difference in organelle packing density being due to decreased platelet size. There was little to no 3D ultrastructural evidence for differential activation of the platelets from COVID-19 patients. Though limited by sample size, our studies suggest that factors outside of the platelets themselves are likely responsible for COVID-19 complications. Our studies show how deep learning 3D methodology can become the gold standard for 3D ultrastructural studies of platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar S Matharu
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cassidy S Nordmann
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kurtis R Ottman
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rahul Akkem
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Douglas Palumbo
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Denzel R D Cruz
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kenneth Campbell
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Gail Sievert
- Center for Clinical Translational Science, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jamie Sturgill
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - James Z Porterfield
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Smita Joshi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Hammodah R Alfar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Chi Peng
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Irina D Pokrovskaya
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Kamykowski
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Jeremy P Wood
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Beth Garvy
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Maria A Aronova
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sidney W Whiteheart
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Richard D Leapman
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brian Storrie
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
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4
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Grichine A, Jacob S, Eckly A, Villaret J, Joubert C, Appaix F, Pezet M, Ribba AS, Denarier E, Mazzega J, Rinckel JY, Lafanechère L, Elena-Herrmann B, Rowley JW, Sadoul K. The fate of mitochondria during platelet activation. Blood Adv 2023; 7:6290-6302. [PMID: 37624769 PMCID: PMC10589785 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023010423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood platelets undergo several successive motor-driven reorganizations of the cytoskeleton when they are recruited to an injured part of a vessel. These reorganizations take place during the platelet activation phase, the spreading process on the injured vessel or between fibrin fibers of the forming clot, and during clot retraction. All these steps require a lot of energy, especially the retraction of the clot when platelets develop strong forces similar to those of muscle cells. Platelets can produce energy through glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration. However, although resting platelets have only 5 to 8 individual mitochondria, they produce adenosine triphosphate predominantly via oxidative phosphorylation. Activated, spread platelets show an increase in size compared with resting platelets, and the question arises as to where the few mitochondria are located in these larger platelets. Using expansion microscopy, we show that the number of mitochondria per platelet is increased in spread platelets. Live imaging and focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy suggest that a mitochondrial fission event takes place during platelet activation. Fission is Drp1 dependent because Drp1-deficient platelets have fused mitochondria. In nucleated cells, mitochondrial fission is associated with a shift to a glycolytic phenotype, and using clot retraction assays, we show that platelets have a more glycolytic energy production during clot retraction and that Drp1-deficient platelets show a defect in clot retraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei Grichine
- INSERM U1209, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixed de Recherche 5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Shancy Jacob
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Anita Eckly
- INSERM, EFS Grand Est, Biologie et Pharmacologie des Plaquettes Sanguines Unité Mixed de Recherche-S 1255, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Joran Villaret
- INSERM U1209, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixed de Recherche 5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Clotilde Joubert
- INSERM U1209, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixed de Recherche 5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Florence Appaix
- INSERM U1209, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixed de Recherche 5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Mylène Pezet
- INSERM U1209, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixed de Recherche 5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Ribba
- INSERM U1209, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixed de Recherche 5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Eric Denarier
- INSERM U1216, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Grenoble Institute of Neuroscience, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Jacques Mazzega
- INSERM U1209, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixed de Recherche 5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Yves Rinckel
- INSERM, EFS Grand Est, Biologie et Pharmacologie des Plaquettes Sanguines Unité Mixed de Recherche-S 1255, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Laurence Lafanechère
- INSERM U1209, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixed de Recherche 5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Bénédicte Elena-Herrmann
- INSERM U1209, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixed de Recherche 5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Jesse W. Rowley
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Karin Sadoul
- INSERM U1209, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixed de Recherche 5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
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5
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Li P, Xu B, Xu J, Xu Y, Wang Y, Chen C, Liu P. Lenalidomide Promotes Thrombosis Formation, but Does Not Affect Platelet Activation in Multiple Myeloma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14097. [PMID: 37762399 PMCID: PMC10532040 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lenalidomide, a well-established drug for the treatment of multiple myeloma, significantly enhances patients' survival. Previous clinical studies have demonstrated that its main side effect is an increased risk of thrombotic events. However, the underlying mechanism remains unexplored. Therefore, this study aims to elucidate the mechanism and offer insights into the selection of clinical thrombotic prophylaxis drugs. Firstly, we conducted a retrospective analysis of clinical data from 169 newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients who received lenalidomide. To confirm the impact of lenalidomide on thrombosis formation, FeCl3-induced thrombosis and deep venous thrombosis models in mice were established. To investigate the effects of lenalidomide on platelet function, both in vivo and in vitro experiments were designed. During the follow-up period, 8 patients developed thrombotic events, including 8 venous and 1 arterial. Further investigation using mice models demonstrated that lenalidomide significantly promoted the formation of venous thrombosis, consistent with clinical findings. To elucidate the underlying mechanism, assays were conducted to assess platelet function and coagulation. We observed that lenalidomide did not have any noticeable impact on platelet function, both in vitro and in vivo, while administration of lenalidomide resulted in significant decreases in prothrombin time, thrombin time, and prothrombin time ratio in patients, as well as a remarkable reduction in tail-bleeding time in mice. The administration of lenalidomide had no significant impact on platelet function, which may affect venous thrombus formation by affecting coagulation. Therefore, anticoagulant drugs may be superior to antiplatelet drugs in the selection of clinical thrombus prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Li
- Department of Hematology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (P.L.); (B.X.); (J.X.); (Y.W.); (C.C.)
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bei Xu
- Department of Hematology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (P.L.); (B.X.); (J.X.); (Y.W.); (C.C.)
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiadai Xu
- Department of Hematology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (P.L.); (B.X.); (J.X.); (Y.W.); (C.C.)
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yanyan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China;
| | - Yawen Wang
- Department of Hematology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (P.L.); (B.X.); (J.X.); (Y.W.); (C.C.)
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Hematology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (P.L.); (B.X.); (J.X.); (Y.W.); (C.C.)
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Hematology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (P.L.); (B.X.); (J.X.); (Y.W.); (C.C.)
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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6
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O'Donoghue L, Comer SP, Hiebner DW, Schoen I, von Kriegsheim A, Smolenski A. RhoGAP6 interacts with COPI to regulate protein transport. Biochem J 2023; 480:1109-1127. [PMID: 37409526 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20230013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
RhoGAP6 is the most highly expressed GTPase-activating protein (GAP) in platelets specific for RhoA. Structurally RhoGAP6 contains a central catalytic GAP domain surrounded by large, disordered N- and C-termini of unknown function. Sequence analysis revealed three conserved consecutive overlapping di-tryptophan motifs close to the RhoGAP6 C-terminus which were predicted to bind to the mu homology domain (MHD) of δ-COP, a component of the COPI vesicle complex. We confirmed an endogenous interaction between RhoGAP6 and δ-COP in human platelets using GST-CD2AP which binds an N-terminal RhoGAP6 SH3 binding motif. Next, we confirmed that the MHD of δ-COP and the di-tryptophan motifs of RhoGAP6 mediate the interaction between both proteins. Each of the three di-tryptophan motifs appeared necessary for stable δ-COP binding. Proteomic analysis of other potential RhoGAP6 di-tryptophan motif binding partners indicated that the RhoGAP6/δ-COP interaction connects RhoGAP6 to the whole COPI complex. 14-3-3 was also established as a RhoGAP6 binding partner and its binding site was mapped to serine 37. We provide evidence of potential cross-regulation between 14-3-3 and δ-COP binding, however, neither δ-COP nor 14-3-3 binding to RhoGAP6 impacted RhoA activity. Instead, analysis of protein transport through the secretory pathway demonstrated that RhoGAP6/δ-COP binding increased protein transport to the plasma membrane, as did a catalytically inactive mutant of RhoGAP6. Overall, we have identified a novel interaction between RhoGAP6 and δ-COP which is mediated by conserved C-terminal di-tryptophan motifs, and which might control protein transport in platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorna O'Donoghue
- UCD School of Medicine, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland
- Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Shane P Comer
- UCD School of Medicine, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland
- Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Dishon W Hiebner
- Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
- UCD School of Chemical & Bioprocess Engineering, Engineering & Materials Science Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Ingmar Schoen
- Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Alex von Kriegsheim
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, U.K
| | - Albert Smolenski
- UCD School of Medicine, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland
- Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
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7
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Swinkels M, Hordijk S, Bürgisser PE, Slotman JA, Carter T, Leebeek FWG, Jansen AJG, Voorberg J, Bierings R. Quantitative super-resolution imaging of platelet degranulation reveals differential release of von Willebrand factor and von Willebrand factor propeptide from alpha-granules. J Thromb Haemost 2023; 21:1967-1980. [PMID: 37061132 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Von Willebrand factor (VWF) and VWF propeptide (VWFpp) are stored in eccentric nanodomains within platelet alpha-granules. VWF and VWFpp can undergo differential secretion following Weibel-Palade body exocytosis in endothelial cells; however, it is unclear if the same process occurs during platelet alpha-granule exocytosis. Using a high-throughput 3-dimensional super-resolution imaging workflow for quantification of individual platelet alpha-granule cargo, we studied alpha-granule cargo release in response to different physiological stimuli. OBJECTIVES To investigate how VWF and VWFpp are released from alpha-granules in response to physiological stimuli. METHODS Platelets were activated with protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR-1) activating peptide (PAR-1 ap) or collagen-related peptide (CRP-XL). Alpha-tubulin, VWF, VWFpp, secreted protein acidic and cysteine rich (SPARC), and fibrinogen were imaged using 3-dimensional structured illumination microscopy, followed by semiautomated analysis in FIJI. Uptake of anti-VWF nanobody during degranulation was used to identify alpha-granules that partially released content. RESULTS VWFpp overlapped with VWF in eccentric alpha-granule subdomains in resting platelets and showed a higher degree of overlap with VWF than SPARC or fibrinogen. Activation of PAR-1 (0.6-20 μM PAR-1 ap) or glycoprotein VI (GPVI) (0.25-1 μg/mL CRP-XL) signaling pathways caused a dose-dependent increase in alpha-granule exocytosis. More than 80% of alpha-granules remained positive for VWF, even at the highest agonist concentrations. In contrast, the residual fraction of alpha-granules containing VWFpp decreased in a dose-dependent manner to 23%, whereas SPARC and fibrinogen were detected in 60% to 70% of alpha-granules when stimulated with 20 μM PAR-1 ap. Similar results were obtained using CRP-XL. Using an extracellular anti-VWF nanobody, we identified VWF in postexocytotic alpha-granules. CONCLUSION We provide evidence for differential secretion of VWF and VWFpp from individual alpha-granules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurice Swinkels
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. https://twitter.com/MauriceSwinkels
| | - Sophie Hordijk
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. https://twitter.com/sophiehordijk
| | - Petra E Bürgisser
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johan A Slotman
- Optical Imaging Center, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tom Carter
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Frank W G Leebeek
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A J Gerard Jansen
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Voorberg
- Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ruben Bierings
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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8
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Agbani EO, Skeith L, Lee A. Preeclampsia: Platelet procoagulant membrane dynamics and critical biomarkers. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2023; 7:100075. [PMID: 36923708 PMCID: PMC10009545 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpth.2023.100075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A state-of-the-art lecture titled "Preeclampsia and Platelet Procoagulant Membrane Dynamics" was presented at the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH) Congress in 2022. Platelet activation is involved in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia and contributes to the prothrombotic state of the disorder. Still, it remains unclear what mechanisms initiate and sustain platelet activation in preeclampsia and how platelets drive the thrombo-hemorrhagic abnormalities in preeclampsia. Here, we highlight our findings that platelets in preeclampsia are preactivated possibly by plasma procoagulant agonist(s) and overexpress facilitative glucose transporter-3 (GLUT3) in addition to GLUT1. Preeclampsia platelets are also partially degranulated, procoagulant, and proaggregatory and can circulate as microaggregates/microthrombi. However, in response to exposed subendothelial collagen, such as in injured vessels during cesarean sections, preeclampsia platelets are unable to mount a full procoagulant response, contributing to blood loss perioperatively. The overexpression of GLUT3 or GLUT1 may be monitored alone or in combination (GLUT1/GLUT3 ratio) as a biomarker for preeclampsia onset, phenotype, and progression. Studies to further understand the mediators of the platelet activation and procoagulant membrane dynamics in preeclampsia can reveal novel drug targets and suitable alternatives to aspirin for the management of prothrombotic tendencies in preeclampsia. Finally, we summarize relevant new data on this topic presented during the 2022 ISTH Congress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ejaife O. Agbani
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Correspondence Dr Ejaife O. Agbani, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 4N1 Alberta, Canada. @EjaifeAgbani
| | - Leslie Skeith
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Division of Hematology and Hematological Malignancies, Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Adrienne Lee
- Division of Hematology and Hematological Malignancies, Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine/Medical Oncology, University of British Columbia, Island Health, Victoria, Canada
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9
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De Simone I, Baaten CCFMJ, Gibbins JM, Ten Cate H, Heemskerk JWM, Jones CI, van der Meijden PEJ. Repeated platelet activation and the potential of previously activated platelets to contribute to thrombus formation. JOURNAL OF THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS : JTH 2023; 21:1289-1306. [PMID: 36754678 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Especially in disease conditions, platelets can encounter activating agents in circulation. OBJECTIVES To investigate the extent to which previously activated platelets can be reactivated and whether in-and reactivation applies to different aspects of platelet activation and thrombus formation. METHODS Short-and long-term effects of glycoprotein VI (GPVI) and G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) stimulation on platelet activation and aggregation potential were compared via flow cytometry and plate-based aggregation. Using fluorescence and electron microscopy, we assessed platelet morphology and content, as well as thrombus formation. RESULTS After 30 minutes of stimulation with thrombin receptor activator peptide 6 (TRAP6) or adenosine diphosphate (ADP), platelets secondarily decreased in PAC-1 binding and were less able to aggregate. The reversibility of platelets after thrombin stimulation was concentration dependent. Reactivation was possible via another receptor. In contrast, cross-linked collagen-related peptide (CRP-XL) or high thrombin stimulation evoked persistent effects in αIIbβ3 activation and platelet aggregation. However, after 60 minutes of CRP-XL or high thrombin stimulation, when αIIbβ3 activation slightly decreased, restimulation with ADP or CRP-XL, respectively, increased integrin activation again. Compatible with decreased integrin activation, platelet morphology was reversed. Interestingly, reactivation of reversed platelets again resulted in shape change and if not fully degranulated, additional secretion. Moreover, platelets that were previously activated with TRAP6 or ADP regained their potential to contribute to thrombus formation under flow. On the contrary, prior platelet triggering with CRP-XL was accompanied by prolonged platelet activity, leading to a decreased secondary platelet adhesion under flow. CONCLUSION This work emphasizes that prior platelet activation can be reversed, whereafter platelets can be reactivated through a different receptor. Reversed, previously activated platelets can contribute to thrombus formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria De Simone
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Constance C F M J Baaten
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jonathan M Gibbins
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Hugo Ten Cate
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; Thrombosis Expertise Center, Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Johan W M Heemskerk
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; Synapse Research Institute, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Chris I Jones
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Paola E J van der Meijden
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; Thrombosis Expertise Center, Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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10
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Xulu KR, Augustine TN. Targeting Platelet Activation Pathways to Limit Tumour Progression: Current State of Affairs. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:1532. [PMID: 36558983 PMCID: PMC9784118 DOI: 10.3390/ph15121532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between cancer and a hypercoagulatory environment is well described. Thrombotic complications serve not only as a major mortality risk but the underlying molecular structure and function play significant roles in enhancing tumour progression, which is defined as the tumour's capacity to survive, invade and metastasise, amongst other hallmarks of the disease. The use of anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs in cardiovascular disease lessens thrombotic effects, but the consequences on tumour progression require interrogation. Therefore, this review considered developments in the management of platelet activation pathways (thromboxane, ADP and thrombin), focusing on the use of Aspirin, Clopidogrel and Atopaxar, and their potential impacts on tumour progression. Published data suggested a cautionary tale in ensuring we adequately investigate not only drug-drug interactions but also those unforeseen reciprocal interactions between drugs and their targets within the tumour microenvironment that may act as selective pressures, enhancing tumour survival and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kutlwano R. Xulu
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Tanya N. Augustine
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
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11
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Feng M, Hechler B, Adam F, Gachet C, Eckly A, Kauskot A, Denis CV, Bryckaert M, Bobe R, Rosa JP. ADP receptor P2Y12 is the capstone of the cross-talk between Ca2+ mobilization pathways dependent on Ca2+ ATPases sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum type 3 and type 2b in platelets. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2022; 7:100004. [PMID: 36970741 PMCID: PMC10031336 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpth.2022.100004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Blood platelet Ca2+ stores are regulated by 2 Ca2+-ATPases (SERCA2b and SERCA3). On thrombin stimulation, nicotinic acid adenosine dinucleotide phosphate mobilizes SERCA3-dependent stores, inducing early adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP) secretion, potentiating later SERCA2b-dependent secretion. Objectives The aim of this study was to identify which ADP P2 purinergic receptor (P2Y1 and/or P2Y12) is(are) involved in the amplification of platelet secretion dependent on the SERCA3-dependent Ca2+ mobilization pathway (SERCA3 stores mobilization) as triggered by low concentration of thrombin. Methods The study used the pharmacologic antagonists MRS2719 and AR-C69931MX, of the P2Y1 and P2Y12, respectively, as well as Serca3 -/- mice and mice exhibiting platelet lineage-specific inactivation of the P2Y1 or P2Y12 genes. Results We found that in mouse platelets, pharmacological blockade or gene inactivation of P2Y12 but not of P2Y1 led to a marked inhibition of ADP secretion after platelet stimulation with low concentration of thrombin. Likewise, in human platelets, pharmacological inhibition of P2Y12 but not of P2Y1 alters amplification of thrombin-elicited secretion through SERCA2b stores mobilization. Finally, we show that early SERCA3 stores secretion of ADP is a dense granule secretion, based on parallel adenosine triphosphate and serotonin early secretion. Furthermore, early secretion involves a single granule, based on the amount of adenosine triphosphate released. Conclusion Altogether, these results show that at low concentrations of thrombin, SERCA3- and SERCA2b-dependent Ca2+ mobilization pathways cross-talk via ADP and activation of the P2Y12, and not the P2Y1 ADP receptor. The relevance in hemostasis of the coupling of the SERCA3 and the SERCA2b pathways is reviewed.
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12
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Abstract
This review discusses our understanding of platelet diversity with implications for the roles of platelets in hemostasis and thrombosis and identifies advanced technologies set to provide new insights. We use the term diversity to capture intrasubject platelet variability that can be intrinsic or governed by the environment and lead to a heterogeneous response pattern of aggregation, clot promotion, and external communication. Using choice examples, we discuss how the use of advanced technologies can provide new insights into the underlying causes of platelet molecular, structural, and functional diversity. As sources of diversity, we discuss the proliferating megakaryocytes with different allele-specific expression patterns, the asymmetrical formation of proplatelets, changes in platelets induced by aging and priming, interplatelet heterogeneity in thrombus organization and stability, and platelet-dependent communications. We provide indications how current knowledge gaps can be addressed using promising technologies, such as next-generation sequencing, proteomic approaches, advanced imaging techniques, multicolor flow and mass cytometry, multifunctional microfluidics assays, and organ-on-a-chip platforms. We then argue how this technology base can aid in characterizing platelet populations and in identifying platelet biomarkers relevant for the treatment of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan W M Heemskerk
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, the Netherlands (J.W.M.H.)
| | - Jonathan West
- Faculty of Medicine and Centre for Hybrid Biodevices, University of Southampton, United Kingdom (J.W.)
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13
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Veuthey L, Aliotta A, Bertaggia Calderara D, Pereira Portela C, Alberio L. Mechanisms Underlying Dichotomous Procoagulant COAT Platelet Generation-A Conceptual Review Summarizing Current Knowledge. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2536. [PMID: 35269679 PMCID: PMC8910683 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Procoagulant platelets are a subtype of activated platelets that sustains thrombin generation in order to consolidate the clot and stop bleeding. This aspect of platelet activation is gaining more and more recognition and interest. In fact, next to aggregating platelets, procoagulant platelets are key regulators of thrombus formation. Imbalance of both subpopulations can lead to undesired thrombotic or bleeding events. COAT platelets derive from a common pro-aggregatory phenotype in cells capable of accumulating enough cytosolic calcium to trigger specific pathways that mediate the loss of their aggregating properties and the development of new adhesive and procoagulant characteristics. Complex cascades of signaling events are involved and this may explain why an inter-individual variability exists in procoagulant potential. Nowadays, we know the key agonists and mediators underlying the generation of a procoagulant platelet response. However, we still lack insight into the actual mechanisms controlling this dichotomous pattern (i.e., procoagulant versus aggregating phenotype). In this review, we describe the phenotypic characteristics of procoagulant COAT platelets, we detail the current knowledge on the mechanisms of the procoagulant response, and discuss possible drivers of this dichotomous diversification, in particular addressing the impact of the platelet environment during in vivo thrombus formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lorenzo Alberio
- Hemostasis and Platelet Research Laboratory, Division of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), CH-1010 Lausanne, Switzerland; (L.V.); (A.A.); (D.B.C.); (C.P.P.)
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14
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Veninga A, Baaten CCFMJ, De Simone I, Tullemans BME, Kuijpers MJE, Heemskerk JWM, van der Meijden PEJ. Effects of Platelet Agonists and Priming on the Formation of Platelet Populations. Thromb Haemost 2021; 122:726-738. [PMID: 34689320 PMCID: PMC9197595 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1735972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Platelets from healthy donors display heterogeneity in responsiveness to agonists. The response thresholds of platelets are controlled by multiple bioactive molecules, acting as negatively or positively priming substances. Higher circulating levels of priming substances adenosine and succinate, as well as the occurrence of hypercoagulability, have been described for patients with ischaemic heart disease. Here, we present an improved methodology of flow cytometric analyses of platelet activation and the characterisation of platelet populations following activation and priming by automated clustering analysis.Platelets were treated with adenosine, succinate, or coagulated plasma before stimulation with CRP-XL, 2-MeSADP, or TRAP6 and labelled for activated integrin αIIbβ3 (PAC1), CD62P, TLT1, CD63, and GPIX. The Super-Enhanced Dmax subtraction algorithm and 2% marker (quadrant) setting were applied to identify populations, which were further defined by state-of-the-art clustering techniques (tSNE, FlowSOM).Following activation, five platelet populations were identified: resting, aggregating (PAC1 + ), secreting (α- and dense-granules; CD62P + , TLT1 + , CD63 + ), aggregating plus α-granule secreting (PAC1 + , CD62P + , TLT1 + ), and fully active platelet populations. The type of agonist determined the distribution of platelet populations. Adenosine in a dose-dependent way suppressed the fraction of fully activated platelets (TRAP6 > 2-MeSADP > CRP-XL), whereas succinate and coagulated plasma increased this fraction (CRP-XL > TRAP6 > 2-MeSADP). Interestingly, a subset of platelets showed a constant response (aggregating, secreting, or aggregating plus α-granule secreting), which was hardly affected by the stimulus strength or priming substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Veninga
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - Constance C F M J Baaten
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, The Netherlands.,Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Ilaria De Simone
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, The Netherlands.,Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Bibian M E Tullemans
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - Marijke J E Kuijpers
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, The Netherlands.,Thrombosis Expertise Center, Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Johan W M Heemskerk
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - Paola E J van der Meijden
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, The Netherlands.,Thrombosis Expertise Center, Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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15
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Smith CW. Release of α-granule contents during platelet activation. Platelets 2021; 33:491-502. [PMID: 34569425 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2021.1913576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Upon activation, platelets release a plethora of factors which help to mediate their dynamic functions in hemostasis, inflammation, wound healing, tumor metastasis and angiogenesis. The majority of these bioactive molecules are released from α-granules, which are unique to platelets, and contain an incredibly diverse repertoire of cargo including; integral membrane proteins, pro-coagulant molecules, chemokines, mitogenic, growth and angiogenic factors, adhesion proteins, and microbicidal proteins. Clinically, activation of circulating platelets has increasingly been associated with various disease states. Biomarkers indicating the level of platelet activation in patients can therefore be useful tools to evaluate risk factors to predict future complications and determine treatment strategies or evaluate antiplatelet therapy. The irreversible nature of α-granule secretion makes it ideally suited as a marker of platelet activation. This review outlines the release and contents of platelet α-granules, as well as the membrane bound, and soluble α-granule cargo proteins that can be used as biomarkers of platelet activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher W Smith
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
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16
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Swinkels M, Atiq F, Bürgisser PE, Slotman JA, Houtsmuller AB, de Heus C, Klumperman J, Leebeek FWG, Voorberg J, Jansen AJG, Bierings R. Quantitative 3D microscopy highlights altered von Willebrand factor α-granule storage in patients with von Willebrand disease with distinct pathogenic mechanisms. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2021; 5:e12595. [PMID: 34532631 PMCID: PMC8440947 DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelets play a key role in hemostasis through plug formation and secretion of their granule contents at sites of endothelial injury. Defects in von Willebrand factor (VWF), a platelet α-granule protein, are implicated in von Willebrand disease (VWD), and may lead to defective platelet adhesion and/or aggregation. Studying VWF quantity and subcellular localization may help us better understand the pathophysiology of VWD. OBJECTIVE Quantitative analysis of the platelet α-granule compartment and VWF storage in healthy individuals and VWD patients. PATIENTS/METHODS Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) was used to study VWF content and organization in platelets of healthy individuals and patients with VWD in combination with established techniques. RESULTS SIM capably quantified clear morphological and granular changes in platelets stimulated with proteinase-activated receptor 1 (PAR-1) activating peptide and revealed a large intra- and interdonor variability in VWF-positive object numbers within healthy resting platelets, similar to variation in secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC). We subsequently characterized VWD platelets to identify changes in the α-granule compartment of patients with different VWF defects, and were able to stratify two patients with type 3 VWD rising from different pathological mechanisms. We further analyzed VWF storage in α-granules of a patient with homozygous p.C1190R using electron microscopy and found discrepant VWF levels and different degrees of multimerization in platelets of patients with heterozygous p.C1190 in comparison to VWF in plasma. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the utility of quantitative imaging approaches in assessing platelet granule content, which may help to better understand VWF storage in α-granules and to gain new insights in the etiology of VWD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurice Swinkels
- Department of HematologyErasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Ferdows Atiq
- Department of HematologyErasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Petra E. Bürgisser
- Department of HematologyErasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Johan A. Slotman
- Department of PathologyOptical Imaging CenterErasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Adriaan B. Houtsmuller
- Department of PathologyOptical Imaging CenterErasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Cilia de Heus
- Department of Cell BiologyUniversity Medical CenterUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Judith Klumperman
- Department of Cell BiologyUniversity Medical CenterUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Frank W. G. Leebeek
- Department of HematologyErasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Jan Voorberg
- Molecular and Cellular HemostasisSanquin Research and Landsteiner LaboratoryAmsterdam University Medical CenterUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Experimental Vascular MedicineAmsterdam University Medical CenterUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Arend Jan Gerard Jansen
- Department of HematologyErasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Ruben Bierings
- Department of HematologyErasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
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17
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Shu D, Zhu Y, Lu M, He AD, Chen JB, Ye DS, Liu Y, Zeng XB, Ma R, Ming ZY. Sanguinarine Attenuates Collagen-Induced Platelet Activation and Thrombus Formation. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9050444. [PMID: 33919019 PMCID: PMC8142988 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sanguinarine, a benzophenanthridine alkaloid, has been described to have an antiplatelet activity. However, its antithrombotic effect and the mechanism of platelet inhibition have not thoroughly been explored. The current study found that sanguinarine had an inhibitory effect on thrombus formation. This inhibitory effect was quite evident both in the flow-chamber assays as well as in a murine model of FeCl3-induced carotid artery thrombosis. Further investigations also revealed that sanguinarine inhibited the collagen-induced human platelet aggregation and granule release. At the same time, it also prevented platelet spreading and adhesion to immobilized fibrinogen. The molecular mechanisms of its antiplatelet activity were found to be as follows: 1. Reduced phosphorylation of the downstream signaling pathways in collagen specific receptor GPVI (Syk-PLCγ2 and PI3K-Akt-GSK3β); 2. Inhibition of collagen-induced increase in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i); 3. Inhibition of integrin αIIbβ3 outside-in signaling via reducing β3 and Src (Tyr-416) phosphorylation. It can be concluded that sanguinarine inhibits collagen-induced platelet activation and reduces thrombus formation. This effect is mediated via inhibiting the phosphorylation of multiple components in the GPVI signaling pathway. Current data also indicate that sanguinarine can be of some clinical value to treat cardiovascular diseases involving an excess of platelet activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Shu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China; (D.S.); (Y.Z.); (M.L.); (J.-B.C.); (D.-S.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.-B.Z.); (R.M.)
- The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
- College of Pharmacy, Xiangnan University, 889 Chenzhou Avenue, Chenzhou 423000, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China; (D.S.); (Y.Z.); (M.L.); (J.-B.C.); (D.-S.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.-B.Z.); (R.M.)
- The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Meng Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China; (D.S.); (Y.Z.); (M.L.); (J.-B.C.); (D.-S.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.-B.Z.); (R.M.)
- The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ao-Di He
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China;
- Wuhan Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jiang-Bin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China; (D.S.); (Y.Z.); (M.L.); (J.-B.C.); (D.-S.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.-B.Z.); (R.M.)
| | - Ding-Song Ye
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China; (D.S.); (Y.Z.); (M.L.); (J.-B.C.); (D.-S.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.-B.Z.); (R.M.)
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China; (D.S.); (Y.Z.); (M.L.); (J.-B.C.); (D.-S.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.-B.Z.); (R.M.)
- The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiang-Bin Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China; (D.S.); (Y.Z.); (M.L.); (J.-B.C.); (D.-S.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.-B.Z.); (R.M.)
- The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Rong Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China; (D.S.); (Y.Z.); (M.L.); (J.-B.C.); (D.-S.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.-B.Z.); (R.M.)
| | - Zhang-Yin Ming
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China; (D.S.); (Y.Z.); (M.L.); (J.-B.C.); (D.-S.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.-B.Z.); (R.M.)
- The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
- Tongji-Rongcheng Center for Biomedicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-27-83650710
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18
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Jurk K, Shiravand Y. Platelet Phenotyping and Function Testing in Thrombocytopenia. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10051114. [PMID: 33800006 PMCID: PMC7962106 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10051114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients who suffer from inherited or acquired thrombocytopenia can be also affected by platelet function defects, which potentially increase the risk of severe and life-threatening bleeding complications. A plethora of tests and assays for platelet phenotyping and function analysis are available, which are, in part, feasible in clinical practice due to adequate point-of-care qualities. However, most of them are time-consuming, require experienced and skilled personnel for platelet handling and processing, and are therefore well-established only in specialized laboratories. This review summarizes major indications, methods/assays for platelet phenotyping, and in vitro function testing in blood samples with reduced platelet count in relation to their clinical practicability. In addition, the diagnostic significance, difficulties, and challenges of selected tests to evaluate the hemostatic capacity and specific defects of platelets with reduced number are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Jurk
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-6131-178278
| | - Yavar Shiravand
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
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19
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Ravanat C, Pongérard A, Freund M, Heim V, Rudwill F, Ziessel C, Eckly A, Proamer F, Isola H, Gachet C. Human platelets labeled at two discrete biotin densities are functional in vitro and are detected in vivo in the murine circulation: A promising approach to monitor platelet survival in vivo in clinical research. Transfusion 2021; 61:1642-1653. [PMID: 33580977 DOI: 10.1111/trf.16312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The production of platelet concentrates (PCs) is evolving, and their survival capacity needs in vivo evaluation. This requires that the transfused platelets (PLTs) be distinguished from those of the recipient. Labeling at various biotin (Bio) densities allows one to concurrently trace multiple PLT populations, as reported for red blood cells. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS A method is described to label human PLTs at two densities of Bio for future clinical trials. Injectable-grade PLTs were prepared in a sterile environment, using injectable-grade buffers and good manufacturing practices (GMP)-grade Sulfo-NHS-Biotin. Sulfo-NHS-Biotin concentrations were chosen to maintain PLT integrity and avoid potential alloimmunization while enabling the detection of circulating BioPLTs. The impact of biotinylation on human PLT recirculation was evaluated in vivo in a severe immunodeficient mouse model using ex vivo flow cytometry. RESULTS BioPLTs labeled with 1.2 or 10 μg/ml Sulfo-NHS-Biotin displayed normal ultrastructure and retained aggregation and secretion capacity and normal expression of the main surface glycoproteins. The procedure avoided detrimental PLT activation or apoptosis signals. Transfused human BioPLT populations could be distinguished from one another and from unlabeled circulating mouse PLTs, and their survival was comparable to that of unlabeled human PLTs in the mouse model. CONCLUSIONS Provided low Sulfo-NHS-Biotin concentrations (<10 μg/ml) are used, injectable-grade BioPLTs comply with safety regulations, conserve PLT integrity, and permit accurate in vivo detection. This alternative to radioisotopes, which allows one to follow different PLT populations in the same recipient, should be valuable when assessing new PC preparations and monitoring PLT survival in clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Ravanat
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS) Grand-Est, BPPS UMR_S 1255, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Anaïs Pongérard
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS) Grand-Est, BPPS UMR_S 1255, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Monique Freund
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS) Grand-Est, BPPS UMR_S 1255, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Véronique Heim
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS) Grand-Est, BPPS UMR_S 1255, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Floriane Rudwill
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS) Grand-Est, BPPS UMR_S 1255, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Catherine Ziessel
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS) Grand-Est, BPPS UMR_S 1255, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Anita Eckly
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS) Grand-Est, BPPS UMR_S 1255, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Fabienne Proamer
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS) Grand-Est, BPPS UMR_S 1255, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Hervé Isola
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS) Grand-Est, BPPS UMR_S 1255, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Christian Gachet
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS) Grand-Est, BPPS UMR_S 1255, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
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20
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Li Y, Li R, Feng Z, Wan Q, Wu J. Linagliptin Regulates the Mitochondrial Respiratory Reserve to Alter Platelet Activation and Arterial Thrombosis. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:585612. [PMID: 33328991 PMCID: PMC7734318 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.585612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The pharmacological inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) potentiates incretin action, and DPP-4 is a drug target for type 2 diabetes and reducing cardiovascular risk. However, little is known about the non-enteroendocrine pathways by which DPP-4 might contribute to ischaemic cardiovascular events. Methods: We tested the hypothesis that inhibition of DPP-4 can inhibit platelet activation and arterial thrombosis by preventing platelet mitochondrial dysfunction and release. The effects of pharmacological DPP-4 inhibition on carotid artery thrombosis, platelet aggregation, and platelet mitochondrial respiration signaling pathways were studied in mice. Results: Platelet-dependent arterial thrombosis was significantly delayed in mice treated with high dose of linagliptin, a potent DPP-4 inhibitor, and fed normal chow diet compared to vehicle-treated mice. Thrombin induced DPP-4 expression and activity, and platelets pretreated with linagliptin exhibited reduced thrombin-induced aggregation. Linagliptin blocked phosphodiesterase activity and contrained cyclic AMP reduction when thrombin stimulates platelets. Linagliptin increases the inhibition of platelet aggregation by nitric oxide. The bioenergetics profile revealed that platelets pretreated with linagliptin exhibited decreased oxygen consumption rates in response to thrombin. In transmission electron microscopy, platelets pretreated with linagliptin showed markedly reversed morphological changes in thrombin-activated platelets, including the secretion of α-granules and fewer mitochondria. Conclusion: Collectively, these findings identify distinct roles for DPP-4 in platelet function and arterial thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Rong Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ziqian Feng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Qin Wan
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jianbo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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21
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Pokrovskaya I, Tobin M, Desai R, Aronova MA, Kamykowski JA, Zhang G, Joshi S, Whiteheart SW, Leapman RD, Storrie B. Structural analysis of resting mouse platelets by 3D-EM reveals an unexpected variation in α-granule shape. Platelets 2020; 32:608-617. [PMID: 32815431 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2020.1799970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mice and mouse platelets are major experimental models for hemostasis and thrombosis; however, important physiological data from this model has received little to no quantitative, 3D ultrastructural analysis. We used state-of-the-art, serial block imaging scanning electron microscopy (SBF-SEM, nominal Z-step size was 35 nm) to image resting platelets from C57BL/6 mice. α-Granules were identified morphologically and rendered in 3D space. The quantitative analysis revealed that mouse α-granules typically had a variable, elongated, rod shape, different from the round/ovoid shape of human α-granules. This variation in length was confirmed qualitatively by higher-resolution, focused ion beam (FIB) SEM at a nominal 5 nm Z-step size. The unexpected α-granule shape raises novel questions regarding α-granule biogenesis and dynamics. Does the variation arise at the level of the megakaryocyte and α-granule biogenesis or from differences in α-granule dynamics and organelle fusion/fission events within circulating platelets? Further quantitative analysis revealed that the two major organelles in circulating platelets, α-granules and mitochondria, displayed a stronger linear relationship between organelle number/volume and platelet size, i.e., a scaling in number and volume to platelet size, than found in human platelets suggestive of a tighter mechanistic regulation of their inclusion during platelet biogenesis. In conclusion, the overall spatial arrangement of organelles within mouse platelets was similar to that of resting human platelets, with mouse α-granules clustered closely together with little space for interdigitation of other organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Pokrovskaya
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Michael Tobin
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, NIBIB, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rohan Desai
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, NIBIB, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maria A Aronova
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, NIBIB, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Kamykowski
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Guofeng Zhang
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, NIBIB, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Smita Joshi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Sidney W Whiteheart
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Richard D Leapman
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, NIBIB, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brian Storrie
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
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22
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Dupuis A, Bordet JC, Eckly A, Gachet C. Platelet δ-Storage Pool Disease: An Update. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9082508. [PMID: 32759727 PMCID: PMC7466064 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9082508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet dense-granules are small organelles specific to the platelet lineage that contain small molecules (calcium, adenyl nucleotides, serotonin) and are essential for the activation of blood platelets prior to their aggregation in the event of a vascular injury. Delta-storage pool diseases (δ-SPDs) are platelet pathologies leading to hemorrhagic syndromes of variable severity and related to a qualitative (content) or quantitative (numerical) deficiency in dense-granules. These pathologies appear in a syndromic or non-syndromic form. The syndromic forms (Chediak–Higashi disease, Hermansky–Pudlak syndromes), whose causative genes are known, associate immune deficiencies and/or oculocutaneous albinism with a platelet function disorder (PFD). The non-syndromic forms correspond to an isolated PFD, but the genes responsible for the pathology are not yet known. The diagnosis of these pathologies is complex and poorly standardized. It is based on orientation tests performed by light transmission aggregometry or flow cytometry, which are supplemented by complementary tests based on the quantification of platelet dense-granules by electron microscopy using the whole platelet mount technique and the direct determination of granule contents (ADP/ATP and serotonin). The objective of this review is to present the state of our knowledge concerning platelet dense-granules and the tools available for the diagnosis of different forms of δ-SPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Dupuis
- INSERM, EFS Grand Est, BPPS UMR-S 1255, FMTS, Université de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France; (A.E.); (C.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-38-821-2506
| | - Jean-Claude Bordet
- Laboratoire D’hématologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 59 Bd Pinel, CEDEX, 69677 Bron, France;
| | - Anita Eckly
- INSERM, EFS Grand Est, BPPS UMR-S 1255, FMTS, Université de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France; (A.E.); (C.G.)
| | - Christian Gachet
- INSERM, EFS Grand Est, BPPS UMR-S 1255, FMTS, Université de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France; (A.E.); (C.G.)
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23
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Tomaiuolo M, Litvinov RI, Weisel JW, Stalker TJ. Use of electron microscopy to study platelets and thrombi. Platelets 2020; 31:580-588. [PMID: 32423268 PMCID: PMC7332414 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2020.1763939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Electron microscopy has been a valuable tool for the study of platelet biology and thrombosis for more than 70 years. Early studies using conventional transmission and scanning electron microscopy (EM) provided a foundation for our initial understanding of platelet structure and how it changes upon platelet activation. EM approaches have since been utilized to study platelets and thrombi in the context of basic, translational and clinical research, and they are instrumental in the diagnosis of multiple platelet function disorders. In this brief review, we provide a sampling of the many contributions EM based studies have made to the field, including both historical highlights and contemporary applications. We will also discuss exciting new imaging modalities based on EM and their utility for the study of platelets, hemostasis and thrombosis into the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rustem I. Litvinov
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - John W. Weisel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
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24
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Abstract
There is increasing awareness that platelets play a significant role in creating a hypercoagulable environment that mediates tumor progression, beyond their classical hemostatic function. Platelets have heterogenic responses to agonists, and differential release and uptake of bioactive molecules may be manipulated via reciprocal cross-talk with cells of the tumor microenvironment. Platelets thus promote tumor progression by enhancing tumor growth, promoting the development of tumor-associated vasculature and encouraging invasion. In the metastatic process, platelets form the shield that protects tumor cells from high-velocity forces and immunosurveillance, while ensuring the establishment of the pre-metastatic niche. This review presents the complexity of these concepts, considering platelets as biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and potentially as therapeutic targets in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya N Augustine
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of the Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
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25
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Moroi M, Farndale RW, Jung SM. Activation-induced changes in platelet surface receptor expression and the contribution of the large-platelet subpopulation to activation. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2020; 4:285-297. [PMID: 32110760 PMCID: PMC7040538 DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Platelet surface receptors are also present subcellularly in organelle membranes and can be expressed on the surface upon platelet activation. However, some receptors were reported to be decreased after activation. We analyzed the mechanism of activation-dependent expression for different receptors. METHODS Flow cytometry using platelet-rich plasma or washed platelets was used to analyze receptor-expression changes after platelet activation by glycoprotein (GP) VI-specific agonists, crosslinked collagen-related peptide (CRP-XL) and convulxin (Cvx), and thrombin. Platelets prelabeled with fluorescent antibody specific for a receptor were allowed to adhere on immobilized collagen or fibrinogen and post-stained with antibody against the same receptor labeled with another fluorophore, allowing us to differentiate preexisting receptors from newly expressed receptors. RESULTS Surface expression of αIIbβ3 increased in CRP-XL-, Cvx-, or thrombin-stimulated platelets, but GPIb decreased due to shedding and internalization. Both total and dimeric GPVI increased in thrombin-induced platelets, but decreased in platelets stimulated by Cvx, as a result of internalization. The larger platelets showed a greater increase in surface receptor (α2β1, αIIbβ3, GPVI, GPIb) expression upon activation compared to the smaller ones. Pre- and postlabeling with antibody specific for the same receptor, but conjugated with different fluorophores, allowed us to differentiate the receptors expressed on the surface of resting platelets from receptors newly exposed to the surface upon platelet activation. CONCLUSIONS Increased receptor expressions after activation are mainly manifested in the larger platelets. On platelets adhered on fibrinogen, the newly expressed receptors, especially GPVI, are localized in the lamellipodia of the spread platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Moroi
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
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26
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Pokrovskaya ID, Tobin M, Desai R, Joshi S, Kamykowski JA, Zhang G, Aronova MA, Whiteheart SW, Leapman RD, Storrie B. Canalicular system reorganization during mouse platelet activation as revealed by 3D ultrastructural analysis. Platelets 2020; 32:97-104. [PMID: 32000578 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2020.1719993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The canalicular system (CS) has been defined as: 1) an inward, invaginated membrane connector that supports entry into and exit from the platelet; 2) a static structure stable during platelet isolation; and 3) the major source of plasma membrane (PM) for surface area expansion during activation. Recent analysis from STEM tomography and serial block face electron microscopy has challenged the relative importance of CS as the route for granule secretion. Here, We used 3D ultrastructural imaging to reexamine the CS in mouse platelets by generating high-resolution 3D reconstructions to test assumptions 2 and 3. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of whole platelet reconstructions, obtained from immediately fixed or washed platelets fixed post-washing, indicated that CS, even in the presence of activation inhibitors, reorganized during platelet isolation to generate a more interconnected network. Further, CS redistribution into the PM at different times, post-activation, appeared to account for only about half the PM expansion seen in thrombin-activated platelets, in vitro, suggesting that CS reorganization is not sufficient to serve as a dominant membrane reservoir for activated platelets. In sum, our analysis highlights the need to revisit past assumptions about the platelet CS to better understand how this membrane system contributes to platelet function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina D Pokrovskaya
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Michael Tobin
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, NIBIB, NIH , Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rohan Desai
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, NIBIB, NIH , Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Smita Joshi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Kamykowski
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Guofeng Zhang
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, NIBIB, NIH , Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maria A Aronova
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, NIBIB, NIH , Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sidney W Whiteheart
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Richard D Leapman
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, NIBIB, NIH , Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brian Storrie
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock, AR, USA
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27
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Abstract
Platelets - blood cells continuously produced from megakaryocytes mainly in the bone marrow - are implicated not only in haemostasis and arterial thrombosis, but also in other physiological and pathophysiological processes. This Review describes current evidence for the heterogeneity in platelet structure, age, and activation properties, with consequences for a diversity of platelet functions. Signalling processes of platelet populations involved in thrombus formation with ongoing coagulation are well understood. Genetic approaches have provided information on multiple genes related to normal haemostasis, such as those encoding receptors and signalling or secretory proteins, that determine platelet count and/or responsiveness. As highly responsive and secretory cells, platelets can alter the environment through the release of growth factors, chemokines, coagulant factors, RNA species, and extracellular vesicles. Conversely, platelets will also adapt to their environment. In disease states, platelets can be positively primed to reach a pre-activated condition. At the inflamed vessel wall, platelets interact with leukocytes and the coagulation system, interactions mediating thromboinflammation. With current antiplatelet therapies invariably causing bleeding as an undesired adverse effect, novel therapies can be more beneficial if directed against specific platelet responses, populations, interactions, or priming conditions. On the basis of these novel concepts and processes, we discuss several initiatives to target platelets therapeutically.
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28
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Vats R, Brzoska T, Bennewitz MF, Jimenez MA, Pradhan-Sundd T, Tutuncuoglu E, Jonassaint J, Gutierrez E, Watkins SC, Shiva S, Scott MJ, Morelli AE, Neal MD, Kato GJ, Gladwin MT, Sundd P. Platelet Extracellular Vesicles Drive Inflammasome-IL-1β-Dependent Lung Injury in Sickle Cell Disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 201:33-46. [PMID: 31498653 PMCID: PMC6938158 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201807-1370oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Intraerythrocytic polymerization of Hb S promotes hemolysis and vasoocclusive events in the microvasculature of patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). Although platelet-neutrophil aggregate-dependent vasoocclusion is known to occur in the lung and contribute to acute chest syndrome, the etiological mechanisms that trigger acute chest syndrome are largely unknown.Objectives: To identify the innate immune mechanism that promotes platelet-neutrophil aggregate-dependent lung vasoocclusion and injury in SCD.Methods:In vivo imaging of the lung in transgenic humanized SCD mice and in vitro imaging of SCD patient blood flowing through a microfluidic system was performed. SCD mice were systemically challenged with nanogram quantities of LPS to trigger lung vasoocclusion.Measurements and Main Results: Platelet-inflammasome activation led to generation of IL-1β and caspase-1-carrying platelet extracellular vesicles (EVs) that bind to neutrophils and promote platelet-neutrophil aggregation in lung arterioles of SCD mice in vivo and SCD human blood in microfluidics in vitro. The inflammasome activation, platelet EV generation, and platelet-neutrophil aggregation were enhanced by the presence of LPS at a nanogram dose in SCD but not control human blood. Inhibition of the inflammasome effector caspase-1 or IL-1β pathway attenuated platelet EV generation, prevented platelet-neutrophil aggregation, and restored microvascular blood flow in lung arterioles of SCD mice in vivo and SCD human blood in microfluidics in vitro.Conclusions: These results are the first to identify that platelet-inflammasome-dependent shedding of IL-1β and caspase-1-carrying platelet EVs promote lung vasoocclusion in SCD. The current findings also highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting the platelet-inflammasome-dependent innate immune pathway to prevent acute chest syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Vats
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Tomasz Brzoska
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute
| | - Margaret F Bennewitz
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia; and
| | - Maritza A Jimenez
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | - Jude Jonassaint
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute
- Division of Hematology and Oncology
| | - Edgar Gutierrez
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | | | - Sruti Shiva
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute
| | | | | | | | - Gregory J Kato
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute
- Division of Hematology and Oncology
| | - Mark T Gladwin
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Prithu Sundd
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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29
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Pokrovskaya ID, Yadav S, Rao A, McBride E, Kamykowski JA, Zhang G, Aronova MA, Leapman RD, Storrie B. 3D ultrastructural analysis of α-granule, dense granule, mitochondria, and canalicular system arrangement in resting human platelets. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2020; 4:72-85. [PMID: 31989087 PMCID: PMC6971324 DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND State-of-the-art 3-dimensional (3D) electron microscopy approaches provide a new standard for the visualization of human platelet ultrastructure. Application of these approaches to platelets rapidly fixed prior to purification to minimize activation should provide new insights into resting platelet ultrastructure. OBJECTIVES Our goal was to determine the 3D organization of α-granules, dense granules, mitochondria, and canalicular system in resting human platelets and map their spatial relationships. METHODS We used serial block face-scanning electron microscopy images to render the 3D ultrastructure of α-granules, dense granules, mitochondria, canalicular system, and plasma membrane for 30 human platelets, 10 each from 3 donors. α-Granule compositional data were assessed by sequential, serial section cryo-immunogold electron microscopy and by immunofluorescence (structured illumination microscopy). RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS α-Granule number correlated linearly with platelet size, while dense granule and mitochondria number had little correlation with platelet size. For all subcellular compartments, individual organelle parameters varied considerably and organelle volume fraction had little correlation with platelet size. Three-dimensional data from 30 platelets indicated only limited spatial intermixing of the different organelle classes. Interestingly, almost 70% of α-granules came within ≤35 nm of each other, a distance associated in other cell systems with protein-mediated contact sites. Size and shape analysis of the 1488 α-granules analyzed revealed no more variation than that expected for a Gaussian distribution. Protein distribution data indicated that all α-granules likely contained the same major set of proteins, albeit at varying amounts and varying distribution within the granule matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina D. Pokrovskaya
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockARUSA
| | - Shilpi Yadav
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockARUSA
| | - Amith Rao
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular BiophysicsNIBIBNIHBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Emma McBride
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular BiophysicsNIBIBNIHBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Jeffrey A. Kamykowski
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockARUSA
| | - Guofeng Zhang
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular BiophysicsNIBIBNIHBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Maria A. Aronova
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular BiophysicsNIBIBNIHBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Richard D. Leapman
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular BiophysicsNIBIBNIHBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Brian Storrie
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockARUSA
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Hays CL, Grassmeyer JJ, Wen X, Janz R, Heidelberger R, Thoreson WB. Simultaneous Release of Multiple Vesicles from Rods Involves Synaptic Ribbons and Syntaxin 3B. Biophys J 2019; 118:967-979. [PMID: 31653448 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
First proposed as a specialized mode of release at sensory neurons possessing ribbon synapses, multivesicular release has since been described throughout the central nervous system. Many aspects of multivesicular release remain poorly understood. We explored mechanisms underlying simultaneous multivesicular release at ribbon synapses in salamander retinal rod photoreceptors. We assessed spontaneous release presynaptically by recording glutamate transporter anion currents (IA(glu)) in rods. Spontaneous IA(glu) events were correlated in amplitude and kinetics with simultaneously measured miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents in horizontal cells. Both measures indicated that a significant fraction of events is multiquantal, with an analysis of IA(glu) revealing that multivesicular release constitutes ∼30% of spontaneous release events. IA(glu) charge transfer increased linearly with event amplitude showing that larger events involve greater glutamate release. The kinetics of large and small IA(glu) events were identical as were rise times of large and small miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents, indicating that the release of multiple vesicles during large events is highly synchronized. Effects of exogenous Ca2+ buffers suggested that multiquantal, but not uniquantal, release occurs preferentially near Ca2+ channels clustered beneath synaptic ribbons. Photoinactivation of ribbons reduced the frequency of spontaneous multiquantal events without affecting uniquantal release frequency, showing that spontaneous multiquantal release requires functional ribbons. Although both occur at ribbon-style active zones, the absence of cross-depletion indicates that evoked and spontaneous multiquantal release from ribbons involve different vesicle pools. Introducing an inhibitory peptide into rods to interfere with the SNARE protein, syntaxin 3B, selectively reduced multiquantal event frequency. These results support the hypothesis that simultaneous multiquantal release from rods arises from homotypic fusion among neighboring vesicles on ribbons and involves syntaxin 3B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra L Hays
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Truhlsen Eye Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Justin J Grassmeyer
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Truhlsen Eye Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska; Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Xiangyi Wen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Truhlsen Eye Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska; West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Roger Janz
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center University of Texas Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas
| | - Ruth Heidelberger
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center University of Texas Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas
| | - Wallace B Thoreson
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Truhlsen Eye Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska; Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska.
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31
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SNARE-dependent membrane fusion initiates α-granule matrix decondensation in mouse platelets. Blood Adv 2019; 2:2947-2958. [PMID: 30401752 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018019158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet α-granule cargo release is fundamental to both hemostasis and thrombosis. Granule matrix hydration is a key regulated step in this process, yet its mechanism is poorly understood. In endothelial cells, there is evidence for 2 modes of cargo release: a jack-in-the-box mechanism of hydration-dependent protein phase transitions and an actin-driven granule constriction/extrusion mechanism. The third alternative considered is a prefusion, channel-mediated granule swelling, analogous to the membrane "ballooning" seen in procoagulant platelets. Using thrombin-stimulated platelets from a set of secretion-deficient, soluble N-ethylmaleimide factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) mutant mice and various ultrastructural approaches, we tested predictions of these mechanisms to distinguish which best explains the α-granule release process. We found that the granule decondensation/hydration required for cargo expulsion was (1) blocked in fusion-protein-deficient platelets; (2) characterized by a fusion-dependent transition in granule size in contrast to a preswollen intermediate; (3) determined spatially with α-granules located close to the plasma membrane (PM) decondensing more readily; (4) propagated from the site of granule fusion; and (5) traced, in 3-dimensional space, to individual granule fusion events at the PM or less commonly at the canalicular system. In sum, the properties of α-granule decondensation/matrix hydration strongly indicate that α-granule cargo expulsion is likely by a jack-in-the-box mechanism rather than by gradual channel-regulated water influx or by a granule-constriction mechanism. These experiments, in providing a structural and mechanistic basis for cargo expulsion, should be informative in understanding the α-granule release reaction in the context of hemostasis and thrombosis.
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32
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Alterations in platelet secretion differentially affect thrombosis and hemostasis. Blood Adv 2019; 2:2187-2198. [PMID: 30185436 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018019166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We genetically manipulated the major platelet vesicle-associated membrane proteins (VAMP2, VAMP3, and VAMP8) to create mice with varying degrees of disrupted platelet secretion. As previously shown, loss of VAMP8 reduced granule secretion, and this defect was exacerbated by further deletion of VAMP2 and VAMP3. VAMP2Δ3Δ8-/- platelets also had reduced VAMP7. Loss of VAMP2 and VAMP3 (VAMP2Δ3Δ) had a minimal impact on secretion when VAMP7 and VAMP8 were present. Integrin αIIbβ3 activation and aggregation were not affected, although spreading was reduced in VAMP2Δ3Δ8-/- platelets. Using these mice as tools, we asked how much secretion is needed for proper thrombosis and hemostasis in vivo. VAMP2Δ3Δ mice showed no deficiency, whereas VAMP8-/- mice had attenuated formation of occlusive thrombi upon FeCl3-induced arterial injury but no excessive bleeding upon tail transection. VAMP2Δ3Δ8-/- mice bled profusely and failed to form occlusive thrombi. Plasma-coagulation factors were normal in all of the strains, but phosphatidylserine exposure was reduced in VAMP2Δ3Δ and VAMP2Δ3Δ8-/- platelets. From our data, an ∼40% to 50% reduction in platelet secretion in vitro (dense and α granule) correlated with reduced occlusive thrombosis but no compromise in hemostasis. At a >50% reduction, thrombosis and hemostasis were defective in vivo. Our studies are the first systematic manipulation of platelet exocytic machinery to demonstrate a quantitative linkage between in vitro platelet secretion and hemostasis and thrombosis in vivo. The animals described will be invaluable tools for future investigations into how platelet secretion affects other vascular processes.
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33
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Bergstrand J, Xu L, Miao X, Li N, Öktem O, Franzén B, Auer G, Lomnytska M, Widengren J. Super-resolution microscopy can identify specific protein distribution patterns in platelets incubated with cancer cells. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:10023-10033. [PMID: 31086875 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr01967g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Protein contents in platelets are frequently changed upon tumor development and metastasis. However, how cancer cells can influence protein-selective redistribution and release within platelets, thereby promoting tumor development, remains largely elusive. With fluorescence-based super-resolution stimulated emission depletion (STED) imaging we reveal how specific proteins, implicated in tumor progression and metastasis, re-distribute within platelets, when subject to soluble activators (thrombin, adenosine diphosphate and thromboxane A2), and when incubated with cancer (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, EFO21) or non-cancer cells (184A1, MCF10A). Upon cancer cell incubation, the cell-adhesion protein P-selectin was found to re-distribute into circular nano-structures, consistent with accumulation into the membrane of protein-storing alpha-granules within the platelets. These changes were to a significantly lesser extent, if at all, found in platelets incubated with normal cells, or in platelets subject to soluble platelet activators. From these patterns, we developed a classification procedure, whereby platelets exposed to cancer cells, to non-cancer cells, soluble activators, as well as non-activated platelets all could be identified in an automatic, objective manner. We demonstrate that STED imaging, in contrast to electron and confocal microscopy, has the necessary spatial resolution and labelling efficiency to identify protein distribution patterns in platelets and can resolve how they specifically change upon different activations. Combined with image analyses of specific protein distribution patterns within the platelets, STED imaging can thus have a role in future platelet-based cancer diagnostics and therapeutic monitoring. The presented approach can also bring further clarity into fundamental mechanisms for cancer cell-platelet interactions, and into non-contact cell-to-cell interactions in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Bergstrand
- Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Department of Applied Physics, Experimental Biomolecular Physics, Albanova Univ Center, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Lei Xu
- Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Department of Applied Physics, Experimental Biomolecular Physics, Albanova Univ Center, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Xinyan Miao
- Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Department of Applied Physics, Experimental Biomolecular Physics, Albanova Univ Center, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Nailin Li
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine-Solna, Clinical Pharmacology, L7:03, Karolinska University Hospital-Solna, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ozan Öktem
- Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Department of Mathematics, Lindstedsvägen 25, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bo Franzén
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Oncology-Pathology, K7, Z1:00, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gert Auer
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Oncology-Pathology, K7, Z1:00, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marta Lomnytska
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Oncology-Pathology, K7, Z1:00, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jerker Widengren
- Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Department of Applied Physics, Experimental Biomolecular Physics, Albanova Univ Center, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
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34
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High-Resolution 3D Imaging of Megakaryocytes Using Focused Ion Beam-Scanning Electron Microscopy. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1812:217-231. [PMID: 30171581 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8585-2_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
In this chapter, we describe the study of bone marrow megakaryocytes (MKs) using a high-resolution 3D imaging approach known as focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM). The apparatus consists of a scanning electron microscope equipped with a focused gallium ion beam, used to sequentially mill away the sample surface, and an electron beam, used to image the milled surfaces. This produces a series of ultrastructural images which can be computationally reconstructed into three-dimensional (3D) volume images. Using this approach it is possible to characterize the 3D ultrastructure of MKs in their native bone marrow environment, to study subcellular organelle interactions in the context of a complete cell and to quantify specific features. This chapter provides protocols for sample preparation, image acquisition and 3D reconstruction, the whole procedure requiring about 7-8 days. It also describes a method combining light microscopy (LM) with FIB-SEM, a procedure called correlative light electron microscopy (CLEM), which allows the site-specific 3D imaging of MKs in tissues.
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35
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Pharmacological actions of miltirone in the modulation of platelet function. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2019; 40:199-207. [PMID: 29795134 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-018-0010-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge contains various active constituents, some of which have been developed as commercially available medicine. Moreover, some other ingredients in Salvia miltiorrhiza play roles in anti-platelet activity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects and the underlying mechanism of miltirone, a lipophilic compound of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. The ability of miltirone to modulate platelet function was investigated by a variety of in vitro and in vivo experiments. Platelet aggregation and dense granule secretion induced by various agonists were measured with platelet aggregometer. Clot retraction and spreading were imaged by digital camera and fluorescence microscope. Ferric chloride-induced carotid injury model and pulmonary thromboembolism model were used to check miltirone antithrombotic effect in vivo. To elucidate the mechanisms of anti-platelet activity of miltirone, flow cytometry and western blotting were performed. Miltirone (2, 4, 8 µM) was shown to suppress platelet aggregation, dense granule, and α granule secretion in a dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, miltirone inhibited the clot retraction and spreading of washed platelets. It reduced the phosphorylation of PLCγ2, PKC, Akt, GSK3β and ERK1/2 in the downstream signal pathway of collagen receptor. It also reduced the phosphorylation of Src and FAK in the integrin αIIbβ3-mediated "outside-in" signaling, while it did not suppress the phosphorylation of β3. In addition, miltirone prolonged the occlusion time and reduced collagen/epinephrine-induced pulmonary thrombi. Miltirone suppresses platelet "inside-out" and "outside-in" signaling by affecting PLCγ2/PKC/ERK1/2, PI3K/Akt, and Src/FAK signaling. Therefore, miltirone might represent a potential anti-platelet candidate for the prevention of thrombotic disorders.
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36
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37
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Megakaryocyte Contribution to Bone Marrow Fibrosis: many Arrows in the Quiver. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis 2018; 10:e2018068. [PMID: 30416700 PMCID: PMC6223581 DOI: 10.4084/mjhid.2018.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In Primary Myelofibrosis (PMF), megakaryocyte dysplasia/hyperplasia determines the release of inflammatory cytokines that, in turn, stimulate stromal cells and induce bone marrow fibrosis. The pathogenic mechanism and the cells responsible for progression to bone marrow fibrosis in PMF are not completely understood. This review article aims to provide an overview of the crucial role of megakaryocytes in myelofibrosis by discussing the role and the altered secretion of megakaryocyte-derived soluble factors, enzymes and extracellular matrices that are known to induce bone marrow fibrosis.
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38
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Mirramezani M, Herbig BA, Stalker TJ, Nettey L, Cooper M, Weisel JW, Diamond SL, Sinno T, Brass LF, Shadden SC, Tomaiuolo M. Platelet packing density is an independent regulator of the hemostatic response to injury. J Thromb Haemost 2018; 16:973-983. [PMID: 29488682 PMCID: PMC6709675 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Essentials Platelet packing density in a hemostatic plug limits molecular movement to diffusion. A diffusion-dependent steep thrombin gradient forms radiating outwards from the injury site. Clot retraction affects the steepness of the gradient by increasing platelet packing density. Together, these effects promote hemostatic plug core formation and inhibit unnecessary growth. SUMMARY Background Hemostasis studies performed in vivo have shown that hemostatic plugs formed after penetrating injuries are characterized by a core of highly activated, densely packed platelets near the injury site, covered by a shell of less activated and loosely packed platelets. Thrombin production occurs near the injury site, further activating platelets and starting the process of platelet mass retraction. Tightening of interplatelet gaps may then prevent the escape and exchange of solutes. Objectives To reconstruct the hemostatic plug macro- and micro-architecture and examine how platelet mass contraction regulates solute transport and solute concentration in the gaps between platelets. Methods Our approach consisted of three parts. First, platelet aggregates formed in vitro under flow were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy to extract data on porosity and gap size distribution. Second, a three-dimensional (3-D) model was constructed with features matching the platelet aggregates formed in vitro. Finally, the 3-D model was integrated with volume and morphology measurements of hemostatic plugs formed in vivo to determine how solutes move within the platelet plug microenvironment. Results The results show that the hemostatic mass is characterized by extremely narrow gaps, porosity values even smaller than previously estimated and stagnant plasma velocity. Importantly, the concentration of a chemical species released within the platelet mass increases as the gaps between platelets shrink. Conclusions Platelet mass retraction provides a physical mechanism to establish steep chemical concentration gradients that determine the extent of platelet activation and account for the core-and-shell architecture observed in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mirramezani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - B A Herbig
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for Medicine and Engineering, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - T J Stalker
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - L Nettey
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - M Cooper
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J W Weisel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - S L Diamond
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for Medicine and Engineering, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - T Sinno
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for Medicine and Engineering, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - L F Brass
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - S C Shadden
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - M Tomaiuolo
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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39
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Boulaftali Y, Mawhin M, Jandrot‐Perrus M, Ho‐Tin‐Noé B. Glycoprotein VI in securing vascular integrity in inflamed vessels. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2018; 2:228-239. [PMID: 30046725 PMCID: PMC5974920 DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycoprotein VI (GPVI), the main platelet receptor for collagen, has been shown to play a central role in various models of thrombosis, and to be a minor actor of hemostasis at sites of trauma. These observations have made of GPVI a novel target for antithrombotic therapy, as its inhibition would ideally combine efficacy with safety. Nevertheless, recent studies have indicated that GPVI could play an important role in preventing bleeding caused by neutrophils in the inflamed skin and lungs. Remarkably, there is evidence that the GPVI-dependent hemostatic function of platelets at the acute phase of inflammation in these organs does not involve aggregation. From a therapeutic perspective, the vasculoprotective action of GPVI in inflammation suggests that blocking of GPVI might bear some risks of bleeding at sites of neutrophil infiltration. In this review, we summarize recent findings on GPVI functions in inflammation and discuss their possible clinical implications and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yacine Boulaftali
- Laboratory of Vascular Translational ScienceSorbonne Paris CitéInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)Université Paris DiderotParisFrance
| | - Marie‐Anne Mawhin
- Laboratory of Vascular Translational ScienceSorbonne Paris CitéInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)Université Paris DiderotParisFrance
| | - Martine Jandrot‐Perrus
- Laboratory of Vascular Translational ScienceSorbonne Paris CitéInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)Université Paris DiderotParisFrance
| | - Benoît Ho‐Tin‐Noé
- Laboratory of Vascular Translational ScienceSorbonne Paris CitéInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)Université Paris DiderotParisFrance
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40
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Adam F, Kauskot A, Kurowska M, Goudin N, Munoz I, Bordet JC, Huang JD, Bryckaert M, Fischer A, Borgel D, de Saint Basile G, Christophe OD, Ménasché G. Kinesin-1 Is a New Actor Involved in Platelet Secretion and Thrombus Stability. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018. [PMID: 29519941 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.310373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Platelet secretion is crucial for many physiological platelet responses. Even though several regulators of the fusion machinery for secretory granule exocytosis have been identified in platelets, the underlying mechanisms are not yet fully characterized. APPROACH AND RESULTS By studying a mouse model (cKO [conditional knockout]Kif5b) lacking Kif5b (kinesin-1 heavy chain) in its megakaryocytes and platelets, we evidenced unstable hemostasis characterized by an increase of blood loss associated to a marked tendency to rebleed in a tail-clip assay and thrombus instability in an in vivo thrombosis model. This instability was confirmed in vitro in a whole-blood perfusion assay under blood flow conditions. Aggregations induced by thrombin and collagen were also impaired in cKOKif5b platelets. Furthermore, P-selectin exposure, PF4 (platelet factor 4) secretion, and ATP release after thrombin stimulation were impaired in cKOKif5b platelets, highlighting the role of kinesin-1 in α-granule and dense granule secretion. Importantly, exogenous ADP rescued normal thrombin induced-aggregation in cKOKif5b platelets, which indicates that impaired aggregation was because of defective release of ADP and dense granules. Last, we demonstrated that kinesin-1 interacts with the molecular machinery comprising the granule-associated Rab27 (Ras-related protein Rab-27) protein and the Slp4 (synaptotagmin-like protein 4/SYTL4) adaptor protein. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that a kinesin-1-dependent process plays a role for platelet function by acting into the mechanism underlying α-granule and dense granule secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Adam
- From the INSERM, UMR_S 1176, Paris-Sud University, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (F.A., A.K., M.B., D.B., O.D.C.)
| | - Alexandre Kauskot
- From the INSERM, UMR_S 1176, Paris-Sud University, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (F.A., A.K., M.B., D.B., O.D.C.)
| | - Mathieu Kurowska
- INSERM, UMR_S 1163, Laboratory of Normal and Pathological Homeostasis of the Immune System, Paris, France (M.K., I.M., A.F., G.d.S.B., G.M.).,Imagine Institute (M.K., I.M., A.F., G.d.S.B., G.M.)
| | - Nicolas Goudin
- Cell Imaging Facility, Imagine Institute (N.G.), Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - Isabelle Munoz
- INSERM, UMR_S 1163, Laboratory of Normal and Pathological Homeostasis of the Immune System, Paris, France (M.K., I.M., A.F., G.d.S.B., G.M.).,Imagine Institute (M.K., I.M., A.F., G.d.S.B., G.M.)
| | - Jean-Claude Bordet
- Laboratoire d'Hémostase, Centre de Biologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France (J.-C.B.).,Laboratoire de Recherche sur l'Hémophilie, UCBL1, Lyon, France (J.-C.B.)
| | - Jian-Dong Huang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, China (J.-D.H.)
| | - Marijke Bryckaert
- From the INSERM, UMR_S 1176, Paris-Sud University, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (F.A., A.K., M.B., D.B., O.D.C.)
| | - Alain Fischer
- INSERM, UMR_S 1163, Laboratory of Normal and Pathological Homeostasis of the Immune System, Paris, France (M.K., I.M., A.F., G.d.S.B., G.M.).,Imagine Institute (M.K., I.M., A.F., G.d.S.B., G.M.).,Department of Immunology and Pediatric Hematology (A.F.)
| | - Delphine Borgel
- From the INSERM, UMR_S 1176, Paris-Sud University, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (F.A., A.K., M.B., D.B., O.D.C.).,Biological Hematology Service (D.B.), Necker Children's Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France; and Collège de France, Paris (A.F.)
| | - Geneviève de Saint Basile
- INSERM, UMR_S 1163, Laboratory of Normal and Pathological Homeostasis of the Immune System, Paris, France (M.K., I.M., A.F., G.d.S.B., G.M.).,Imagine Institute (M.K., I.M., A.F., G.d.S.B., G.M.)
| | - Olivier D Christophe
- From the INSERM, UMR_S 1176, Paris-Sud University, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (F.A., A.K., M.B., D.B., O.D.C.)
| | - Gaël Ménasché
- INSERM, UMR_S 1163, Laboratory of Normal and Pathological Homeostasis of the Immune System, Paris, France (M.K., I.M., A.F., G.d.S.B., G.M.).,Imagine Institute (M.K., I.M., A.F., G.d.S.B., G.M.)
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41
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Abstract
Platelet granules are unique among secretory vesicles in both their content and their life cycle. Platelets contain three major granule types—dense granules, α-granules, and lysosomes—although other granule types have been reported. Dense granules and α-granules are the most well-studied and the most physiologically important. Platelet granules are formed in large, multilobulated cells, termed megakaryocytes, prior to transport into platelets. The biogenesis of dense granules and α-granules involves common but also distinct pathways. Both are formed from the
trans-Golgi network and early endosomes and mature in multivesicular bodies, but the formation of dense granules requires trafficking machinery different from that of α-granules. Following formation in the megakaryocyte body, both granule types are transported through and mature in long proplatelet extensions prior to the release of nascent platelets into the bloodstream. Granules remain stored in circulating platelets until platelet activation triggers the exocytosis of their contents. Soluble
N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) proteins, located on both the granules and target membranes, provide the mechanical energy that enables membrane fusion during both granulogenesis and exocytosis. The function of these core fusion engines is controlled by SNARE regulators, which direct the site, timing, and extent to which these SNAREs interact and consequently the resulting membrane fusion. In this review, we assess new developments in the study of platelet granules, from their generation to their exocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anish Sharda
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Robert Flaumenhaft
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
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42
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Selvadurai MV, Hamilton JR. Structure and function of the open canalicular system – the platelet’s specialized internal membrane network. Platelets 2018; 29:319-325. [DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2018.1431388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria V. Selvadurai
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Justin R. Hamilton
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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43
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Favier M, Bordet JC, Favier R, Gkalea V, Pillois X, Rameau P, Debili N, Alessi MC, Nurden P, Raslova H, Nurden A. Mutations of the integrin αIIb/β3 intracytoplasmic salt bridge cause macrothrombocytopenia and enlarged platelet α-granules. Am J Hematol 2018; 93:195-204. [PMID: 29090484 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.24958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Rare gain-of-function mutations within the ITGA2B or ITGB3 genes have been recognized to cause macrothrombocytopenia (MTP). Here we report three new families with autosomal dominant (AD) MTP, two harboring the same mutation of ITGA2B, αIIbR995W, and a third family with an ITGB3 mutation, β3D723H. In silico analysis shows how the two mutated amino acids directly modify the salt bridge linking the intra-cytoplasmic part of αIIb to β3 of the integrin αIIbβ3. For all affected patients, the bleeding syndrome and MTP was mild to moderate. Platelet aggregation tended to be reduced but not absent. Electron microscopy associated with a morphometric analysis revealed large round platelets; a feature being the presence of abnormal large α-granules with some giant forms showing signs of fusion. Analysis of the maturation and development of megakaryocytes reveal no defect in their early maturation but abnormal proplatelet formation was observed with increased size of the tips. Interestingly, this study revealed that in addition to the classical phenotype of patients with αIIbβ3 intracytoplasmic mutations there is an abnormal maturation of α-granules. It is now necessary to determine if this feature is a characteristic of all mutations disturbing the αIIb R995/β3 D723 salt bridge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Favier
- Laboratoire NORT, INSERM UMR 1062, Université Aix Marseille; Marseille
- INSERM UMR 1170, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris-Saclay; Villejuif France
| | - Jean-Claude Bordet
- Laboratoire d'Hémostase, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon et Laboratoire de Recherche sur l'Hémophilie, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Est, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Lyon France
| | - Remi Favier
- INSERM UMR 1170, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris-Saclay; Villejuif France
- Assistance Publique -Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital A Trousseau; Paris France
| | - Vasiliki Gkalea
- Assistance Publique -Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital A Trousseau; Paris France
| | | | - Philippe Rameau
- PFIC, UMS AMMICA (UMS 3655 CNRS/, US23 INSERM), Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus; Villejuif France
| | - Najet Debili
- INSERM UMR 1170, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris-Saclay; Villejuif France
| | | | - Paquita Nurden
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire de Rythmologie et de Modélisation Cardiaque, Plateforme Technologique d'Innovation Biomédicale, Hôpital Xavier Arnozan; Pessac France
| | - Hana Raslova
- INSERM UMR 1170, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris-Saclay; Villejuif France
| | - Alan Nurden
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire de Rythmologie et de Modélisation Cardiaque, Plateforme Technologique d'Innovation Biomédicale, Hôpital Xavier Arnozan; Pessac France
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44
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Ilkan Z, Watson S, Watson SP, Mahaut-Smith MP. P2X1 Receptors Amplify FcγRIIa-Induced Ca2+ Increases and Functional Responses in Human Platelets. Thromb Haemost 2018; 118:369-380. [PMID: 29443373 PMCID: PMC6260114 DOI: 10.1160/th17-07-0530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Platelets express key receptors of the innate immune system such as FcγRIIa and Toll-like receptors (TLR). P2X1 cation channels amplify the platelet responses to several major platelet stimuli, particularly glycoprotein (GP)VI and TLR2/1, whereas their contribution to Src tyrosine kinase-dependent FcγRIIa receptors remains unknown. We investigated the role of P2X1 receptors during activation of FcγRIIa in human platelets, following stimulation by cross-linking of an anti-FcγRIIa monoclonal antibody (mAb) IV.3, or bacterial stimulation with
Streptococcus sanguinis
. Activation was assessed in washed platelet suspensions via measurement of intracellular Ca
2+
([Ca
2+
]
i
) increases, ATP release and aggregation. P2X1 activity was abolished by pre-addition of α,β-meATP, exclusion of apyrase or the antagonist NF449. FcγRIIa activation evoked a robust increase in [Ca
2+
]
i
(441 ± 33 nM at 30 μg/mL mAb), which was reduced to a similar extent (to 66–70% of control) by NF449, pre-exposure to α,β-meATP or apyrase omission, demonstrating a significant P2X1 receptor contribution. FcγRIIa activation-dependent P2X1 responses were partially resistant to nitric oxide (NO), but abrogated by 500 nM prostacyclin (PGI
2
). Aggregation responses to bacteria and FcγRIIa activation were also inhibited by P2X1 receptor desensitization (to 66 and 42% of control, respectively). However, FcγRIIa-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation and ATP release were not significantly altered by the loss of P2X1 activity. In conclusion, we show that P2X1 receptors enhance platelet FcγRIIa receptor-evoked aggregation through an increase in [Ca
2+
]
i
downstream of the initial tyrosine phosphorylation events and early dense granule release. This represents a further route whereby ATP-gated cation channels can contribute to platelet-dependent immune responses in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeki Ilkan
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Henry Wellcome Building, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie Watson
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research Building, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Steve P Watson
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research Building, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, Midlands, UK
| | - Martyn P Mahaut-Smith
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Henry Wellcome Building, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
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45
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Spronk HMH, Padro T, Siland JE, Prochaska JH, Winters J, van der Wal AC, Posthuma JJ, Lowe G, d'Alessandro E, Wenzel P, Coenen DM, Reitsma PH, Ruf W, van Gorp RH, Koenen RR, Vajen T, Alshaikh NA, Wolberg AS, Macrae FL, Asquith N, Heemskerk J, Heinzmann A, Moorlag M, Mackman N, van der Meijden P, Meijers JCM, Heestermans M, Renné T, Dólleman S, Chayouâ W, Ariëns RAS, Baaten CC, Nagy M, Kuliopulos A, Posma JJ, Harrison P, Vries MJ, Crijns HJGM, Dudink EAMP, Buller HR, Henskens YMC, Själander A, Zwaveling S, Erküner O, Eikelboom JW, Gulpen A, Peeters FECM, Douxfils J, Olie RH, Baglin T, Leader A, Schotten U, Scaf B, van Beusekom HMM, Mosnier LO, van der Vorm L, Declerck P, Visser M, Dippel DWJ, Strijbis VJ, Pertiwi K, Ten Cate-Hoek AJ, Ten Cate H. Atherothrombosis and Thromboembolism: Position Paper from the Second Maastricht Consensus Conference on Thrombosis. Thromb Haemost 2018; 118:229-250. [PMID: 29378352 DOI: 10.1160/th17-07-0492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Atherothrombosis is a leading cause of cardiovascular mortality and long-term morbidity. Platelets and coagulation proteases, interacting with circulating cells and in different vascular beds, modify several complex pathologies including atherosclerosis. In the second Maastricht Consensus Conference on Thrombosis, this theme was addressed by diverse scientists from bench to bedside. All presentations were discussed with audience members and the results of these discussions were incorporated in the final document that presents a state-of-the-art reflection of expert opinions and consensus recommendations regarding the following five topics: 1. Risk factors, biomarkers and plaque instability: In atherothrombosis research, more focus on the contribution of specific risk factors like ectopic fat needs to be considered; definitions of atherothrombosis are important distinguishing different phases of disease, including plaque (in)stability; proteomic and metabolomics data are to be added to genetic information. 2. Circulating cells including platelets and atherothrombosis: Mechanisms of leukocyte and macrophage plasticity, migration, and transformation in murine atherosclerosis need to be considered; disease mechanism-based biomarkers need to be identified; experimental systems are needed that incorporate whole-blood flow to understand how red blood cells influence thrombus formation and stability; knowledge on platelet heterogeneity and priming conditions needs to be translated toward the in vivo situation. 3. Coagulation proteases, fibrin(ogen) and thrombus formation: The role of factor (F) XI in thrombosis including the lower margins of this factor related to safe and effective antithrombotic therapy needs to be established; FXI is a key regulator in linking platelets, thrombin generation, and inflammatory mechanisms in a renin-angiotensin dependent manner; however, the impact on thrombin-dependent PAR signaling needs further study; the fundamental mechanisms in FXIII biology and biochemistry and its impact on thrombus biophysical characteristics need to be explored; the interactions of red cells and fibrin formation and its consequences for thrombus formation and lysis need to be addressed. Platelet-fibrin interactions are pivotal determinants of clot formation and stability with potential therapeutic consequences. 4. Preventive and acute treatment of atherothrombosis and arterial embolism; novel ways and tailoring? The role of protease-activated receptor (PAR)-4 vis à vis PAR-1 as target for antithrombotic therapy merits study; ongoing trials on platelet function test-based antiplatelet therapy adjustment support development of practically feasible tests; risk scores for patients with atrial fibrillation need refinement, taking new biomarkers including coagulation into account; risk scores that consider organ system differences in bleeding may have added value; all forms of oral anticoagulant treatment require better organization, including education and emergency access; laboratory testing still needs rapidly available sensitive tests with short turnaround time. 5. Pleiotropy of coagulation proteases, thrombus resolution and ischaemia-reperfusion: Biobanks specifically for thrombus storage and analysis are needed; further studies on novel modified activated protein C-based agents are required including its cytoprotective properties; new avenues for optimizing treatment of patients with ischaemic stroke are needed, also including novel agents that modify fibrinolytic activity (aimed at plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M H Spronk
- Laboratory for Clinical Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - T Padro
- Cardiovascular Research Center (ICCC), Hospital Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J E Siland
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J H Prochaska
- Center for Cardiology/Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis/DZHK, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - J Winters
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - A C van der Wal
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J J Posthuma
- Laboratory for Clinical Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - G Lowe
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - E d'Alessandro
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P Wenzel
- Department of Cardiology, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - D M Coenen
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - P H Reitsma
- Einthoven Laboratory, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - W Ruf
- Center for Cardiology/Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis/DZHK, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - R H van Gorp
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - R R Koenen
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - T Vajen
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - N A Alshaikh
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - A S Wolberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - F L Macrae
- Thrombosis and Tissue Repair Group, Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Research, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - N Asquith
- Thrombosis and Tissue Repair Group, Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Research, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - J Heemskerk
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - A Heinzmann
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - M Moorlag
- Synapse, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - N Mackman
- Department of Medicine, UNC McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - P van der Meijden
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - J C M Meijers
- Department of Plasma Proteins, Sanquin, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Heestermans
- Einthoven Laboratory, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - T Renné
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Dólleman
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - W Chayouâ
- Synapse, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - R A S Ariëns
- Thrombosis and Tissue Repair Group, Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Research, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - C C Baaten
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - M Nagy
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - A Kuliopulos
- Tufts University School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Biochemistry/Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - J J Posma
- Laboratory for Clinical Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - P Harrison
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - M J Vries
- Laboratory for Clinical Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - H J G M Crijns
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - E A M P Dudink
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - H R Buller
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Y M C Henskens
- Laboratory for Clinical Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - A Själander
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - S Zwaveling
- Laboratory for Clinical Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Synapse, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - O Erküner
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - J W Eikelboom
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - A Gulpen
- Laboratory for Clinical Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - F E C M Peeters
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - J Douxfils
- Department of Pharmacy, Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center, Faculty of Medicine, Namur University, Namur, Belgium
| | - R H Olie
- Laboratory for Clinical Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - T Baglin
- Department of Haematology, Addenbrookes Hospital Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - A Leader
- Laboratory for Clinical Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Institute of Hematology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Petah Tikva, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - U Schotten
- Center for Cardiology/Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis/DZHK, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - B Scaf
- Laboratory for Clinical Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - H M M van Beusekom
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L O Mosnier
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States
| | | | - P Declerck
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - D W J Dippel
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - K Pertiwi
- Department of Cardiovascular Pathology, University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A J Ten Cate-Hoek
- Laboratory for Clinical Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - H Ten Cate
- Laboratory for Clinical Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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46
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Dunster JL, Panteleev MA, Gibbins JM, Sveshnikova AN. Mathematical Techniques for Understanding Platelet Regulation and the Development of New Pharmacological Approaches. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1812:255-279. [PMID: 30171583 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8585-2_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Mathematical and computational modeling is currently in the process of becoming an accepted tool in the arsenal of methods utilized for the investigation of complex biological systems. For some problems in the field, like cellular metabolic regulation, neural impulse propagation, or cell cycle, progress is already unthinkable without use of such methods. Mathematical models of platelet signaling, function, and metabolism during the last years have not only been steadily increasing in their number, but have also been providing more in-depth insights, generating hypotheses, and allowing predictions to be made leading to new experimental designs and data. Here we describe the basic approaches to platelet mathematical model development and validation, highlighting the challenges involved. We then review the current theoretical models in the literature and how these are being utilized to increase our understanding of these complex cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna L Dunster
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK.
| | - Mikhail A Panteleev
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- National Scientific and Practical Centre of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology Named After Dmitry Rogachev, Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudnyi, Russia
| | - Jonathan M Gibbins
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Anastacia N Sveshnikova
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- National Scientific and Practical Centre of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology Named After Dmitry Rogachev, Moscow, Russia
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47
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Nava T, Rivard GE, Bonnefoy A. Challenges on the diagnostic approach of inherited platelet function disorders: Is a paradigm change necessary? Platelets 2017; 29:148-155. [PMID: 29090587 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2017.1356918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Inherited platelet function disorders (IPFD) have been assessed for more than 50 years by aggregation- and secretion-based tests. Several decision trees are available intending to standardize the investigation of IPFD. A large variability of approaches is still in use among the laboratories across the world. In spite of costly and lengthy laboratory evaluation, the results have been found inconclusive or negative in a significant part of patients having bleeding manifestations. Molecular investigation of newly identified IPFD has recently contributed to a better understanding of the complexity of platelet function. Once considered "classic" IPFDs, Glanzmann thrombasthenia and Bernard-Soulier syndrome have each had their pathophysiology reassessed and their diagnosis made more precise and informative. Megakaryopoiesis, platelet formation, and function have been found tightly interlinked, with several genes being involved in both inherited thrombocytopenias and impaired platelet function. Moreover, genetic approaches have moved from being used as confirmatory diagnostic tests to being tools for identification of genetic variants associated with bleeding disorders, even in the absence of a clear phenotype in functional testing. In this study, we aim to address some limits of the conventional tests used for the diagnosis of IPFD, and to highlight the potential contribution of recent molecular tools and opportunities to rethink the way we should approach the investigation of IPFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Nava
- a Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine , Hematology and Oncology Division , Montréal , QC , Canada.,b Child and Adolescent Health, School of Medicine , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Georges-Etienne Rivard
- a Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine , Hematology and Oncology Division , Montréal , QC , Canada
| | - Arnaud Bonnefoy
- a Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine , Hematology and Oncology Division , Montréal , QC , Canada
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48
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A dual role for the class III PI3K, Vps34, in platelet production and thrombus growth. Blood 2017; 130:2032-2042. [PMID: 28903944 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-04-781641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To uncover the role of Vps34, the sole class III phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), in megakaryocytes (MKs) and platelets, we created a mouse model with Vps34 deletion in the MK/platelet lineage (Pf4-Cre/Vps34lox/lox). Deletion of Vps34 in MKs led to the loss of its regulator protein, Vps15, and was associated with microthrombocytopenia and platelet granule abnormalities. Although Vps34 deficiency did not affect MK polyploidisation or proplatelet formation, it dampened MK granule biogenesis and directional migration toward an SDF1α gradient, leading to ectopic platelet release within the bone marrow. In MKs, the level of phosphatidylinositol 3-monophosphate (PI3P) was significantly reduced by Vps34 deletion, resulting in endocytic/trafficking defects. In platelets, the basal level of PI3P was only slightly affected by Vps34 loss, whereas the stimulation-dependent pool of PI3P was significantly decreased. Accordingly, a significant increase in the specific activity of Vps34 lipid kinase was observed after acute platelet stimulation. Similar to Vps34-deficient platelets, ex vivo treatment of wild-type mouse or human platelets with the Vps34-specific inhibitors, SAR405 and VPS34-IN1, induced abnormal secretion and affected thrombus growth at arterial shear rate, indicating a role for Vps34 kinase activity in platelet activation, independent from its role in MKs. In vivo, Vps34 deficiency had no impact on tail bleeding time, but significantly reduced platelet prothrombotic capacity after carotid injury. This study uncovers a dual role for Vps34 as a regulator of platelet production by MKs and as an unexpected regulator of platelet activation and arterial thrombus formation dynamics.
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49
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Platelet populations and priming in hematological diseases. Blood Rev 2017; 31:389-399. [PMID: 28756877 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In healthy subjects and patients with hematological diseases, platelet populations can be distinguished with different response spectra in hemostatic and vascular processes. These populations partly overlap, and are less distinct than those of leukocytes. The platelet heterogeneity is linked to structural properties, and is enforced by inequalities in the environment. Contributing factors are variability between megakaryocytes, platelet ageing, and positive or negative priming of platelets during their time in circulation. Within a hemostatic plug or thrombus, platelet heterogeneity is enhanced by unequal exposure to agonists, with populations of contracted platelets in the thrombus core, discoid platelets at the thrombus surface, patches of ballooned and procoagulant platelets forming thrombin, and coated platelets binding fibrin. Several pathophysiological hematological conditions can positively or negatively prime the responsiveness of platelet populations. As a consequence, in vivo and in vitro markers of platelet activation can differ in thrombotic and hematological disorders.
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Fidler TP, Middleton EA, Rowley JW, Boudreau LH, Campbell RA, Souvenir R, Funari T, Tessandier N, Boilard E, Weyrich AS, Abel ED. Glucose Transporter 3 Potentiates Degranulation and Is Required for Platelet Activation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:1628-1639. [PMID: 28663252 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.309184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE On activation, platelets increase glucose uptake, glycolysis, and glucose oxidation and consume stored glycogen. This correlation between glucose metabolism and platelet function is not well understood and even less is known about the role of glucose metabolism on platelet function in vivo. For glucose to enter a cell, it must be transported through glucose transporters. Here we evaluate the contribution of GLUT3 (glucose transporter 3) to platelet function to better understand glucose metabolism in platelets. APPROACH AND RESULTS Platelet-specific knockout of GLUT3 was generated by crossing mice harboring GLUT3 floxed allele to a PF4 (platelet factor 4)-driven Cre recombinase. In platelets, GLUT3 is localized primarily on α-granule membranes and under basal conditions facilitates glucose uptake into α-granules to be used for glycolysis. After activation, platelets degranulate and GLUT3 translocates to the plasma membrane, which is responsible for activation-mediated increased glucose uptake. In vivo, loss of GLUT3 in platelets increased survival in a collagen/epinephrine model of pulmonary embolism, and in a K/BxN model of autoimmune inflammatory disease, platelet-specific GLUT3 knockout mice display decreased disease progression. Mechanistically, loss of GLUT3 decreased platelet degranulation, spreading, and clot retraction. Decreased α-granule degranulation is due in part to an impaired ability of GLUT3 to potentiate exocytosis. CONCLUSIONS GLUT3-mediated glucose utilization and glycogenolysis in platelets promotes α-granule release, platelet activation, and postactivation functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor P Fidler
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (T.P.F.), and Program in Molecular Medicine (T.P.F., E.A.M., J.W.R., R.A.C., A.S.W., E.D.A.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (T.P.F., R.S., T.F., E.D.A.); and Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec and Faculté de Médecine de l'Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada (L.H.B., N.T., E.B.)
| | - Elizabeth A Middleton
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (T.P.F.), and Program in Molecular Medicine (T.P.F., E.A.M., J.W.R., R.A.C., A.S.W., E.D.A.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (T.P.F., R.S., T.F., E.D.A.); and Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec and Faculté de Médecine de l'Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada (L.H.B., N.T., E.B.)
| | - Jesse W Rowley
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (T.P.F.), and Program in Molecular Medicine (T.P.F., E.A.M., J.W.R., R.A.C., A.S.W., E.D.A.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (T.P.F., R.S., T.F., E.D.A.); and Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec and Faculté de Médecine de l'Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada (L.H.B., N.T., E.B.)
| | - Luc H Boudreau
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (T.P.F.), and Program in Molecular Medicine (T.P.F., E.A.M., J.W.R., R.A.C., A.S.W., E.D.A.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (T.P.F., R.S., T.F., E.D.A.); and Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec and Faculté de Médecine de l'Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada (L.H.B., N.T., E.B.)
| | - Robert A Campbell
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (T.P.F.), and Program in Molecular Medicine (T.P.F., E.A.M., J.W.R., R.A.C., A.S.W., E.D.A.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (T.P.F., R.S., T.F., E.D.A.); and Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec and Faculté de Médecine de l'Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada (L.H.B., N.T., E.B.)
| | - Rhonda Souvenir
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (T.P.F.), and Program in Molecular Medicine (T.P.F., E.A.M., J.W.R., R.A.C., A.S.W., E.D.A.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (T.P.F., R.S., T.F., E.D.A.); and Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec and Faculté de Médecine de l'Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada (L.H.B., N.T., E.B.)
| | - Trevor Funari
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (T.P.F.), and Program in Molecular Medicine (T.P.F., E.A.M., J.W.R., R.A.C., A.S.W., E.D.A.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (T.P.F., R.S., T.F., E.D.A.); and Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec and Faculté de Médecine de l'Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada (L.H.B., N.T., E.B.)
| | - Nicolas Tessandier
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (T.P.F.), and Program in Molecular Medicine (T.P.F., E.A.M., J.W.R., R.A.C., A.S.W., E.D.A.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (T.P.F., R.S., T.F., E.D.A.); and Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec and Faculté de Médecine de l'Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada (L.H.B., N.T., E.B.)
| | - Eric Boilard
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (T.P.F.), and Program in Molecular Medicine (T.P.F., E.A.M., J.W.R., R.A.C., A.S.W., E.D.A.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (T.P.F., R.S., T.F., E.D.A.); and Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec and Faculté de Médecine de l'Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada (L.H.B., N.T., E.B.)
| | - Andrew S Weyrich
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (T.P.F.), and Program in Molecular Medicine (T.P.F., E.A.M., J.W.R., R.A.C., A.S.W., E.D.A.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (T.P.F., R.S., T.F., E.D.A.); and Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec and Faculté de Médecine de l'Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada (L.H.B., N.T., E.B.)
| | - E Dale Abel
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (T.P.F.), and Program in Molecular Medicine (T.P.F., E.A.M., J.W.R., R.A.C., A.S.W., E.D.A.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (T.P.F., R.S., T.F., E.D.A.); and Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec and Faculté de Médecine de l'Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada (L.H.B., N.T., E.B.).
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