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Quoc QL, Cao TBT, Seo S, An BS, Hwang DY, Choi Y, Park HS. Association Between Cytokeratin 19-Specific IgG and Neutrophil Activation in Asthma. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2024; 16:353-371. [PMID: 39155736 PMCID: PMC11331195 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2024.16.4.353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with non-eosinophilic asthma (NEA) are less responsive to anti-inflammatory drugs and suffer from frequent asthma exacerbations. The pathogenic mechanism of NEA is not fully understood; however, the roles of monocytes and autoimmune mechanisms targeting airway epithelial cell (AEC) antigens have been proposed. METHODS The effects of monocyte extracellular traps (MoETs) on cytokeratin 19 (CK19) production in AECs, as well as the impact of CK19-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) G on neutrophil and monocyte activation, were investigated both in vivo and in vitro. Sixty asthmatic patients and 15 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled, and the levels of serum immune complexes containing CK19-specific IgG and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET)-specific IgG were measured using enzyme-linked immunoassay. RESULTS MoETs induced CK19 and CK19-specific IgG production. Furthermore, the levels of serum CK19-specific IgG were significantly higher in the NEA group than in the eosinophilic asthma group. Among patients with NEA, asthmatics with high levels of CK19-specific IgG had higher levels of myeloperoxidase and NET-specific IgG than those with low levels of CK19-specific IgG (P = 0.020 and P = 0.017; respectively). Moreover, the immune complexes from asthmatics with high CK19-specific IgG enhanced NET formation and reactive oxygen species production (neutrophil activation), which were suppressed by N-acetylcysteine and anti-CD16 antibody treatment. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that circulating CK19 and CK19-specific IgG may contribute to NET formation, leading to airway inflammation and steroid resistance in NEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quang Luu Quoc
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Loma Linda University School of Dentistry, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Thi Bich Tra Cao
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Sungbaek Seo
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Beum-Soo An
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Dae Youn Hwang
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Youngwoo Choi
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea.
| | - Hae-Sim Park
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.
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2
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Chang YH, Hsu MF, Chen WN, Wu MH, Kong WL, Lu MYJ, Huang CH, Chang FJ, Chang LY, Tsai HY, Tung CP, Yu JH, Kuo Y, Chou YC, Bai LY, Chang YC, Chen AY, Chen CC, Chen YH, Liao CC, Chang CS, Liang JJ, Lin YL, Angata T, Hsu STD, Lin KI. Functional and structural investigation of a broadly neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 antibody. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e179726. [PMID: 38775156 PMCID: PMC11141937 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.179726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Since its emergence, SARS-CoV-2 has been continuously evolving, hampering the effectiveness of current vaccines against COVID-19. mAbs can be used to treat patients at risk of severe COVID-19. Thus, the development of broadly protective mAbs and an understanding of the underlying protective mechanisms are of great importance. Here, we isolated mAbs from donors with breakthrough infection with Omicron subvariants using a single-B cell screening platform. We identified a mAb, O5C2, which possesses broad-spectrum neutralization and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxic activities against SARS-CoV-2 variants, including EG.5.1. Single-particle analysis by cryo-electron microscopy revealed that O5C2 targeted an unusually large epitope within the receptor-binding domain of spike protein that overlapped with the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 binding interface. Furthermore, O5C2 effectively protected against BA.5 Omicron infection in vivo by mediating changes in transcriptomes enriched in genes involved in apoptosis and interferon responses. Our findings provide insights into the development of pan-protective mAbs against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsuan Chang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Wei-Nan Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Wye-Lup Kong
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Yeh Jade Lu
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Heng Huang
- Institute of Preventive Medicine
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, and
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Ju Chang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Ho-Yang Tsai
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Ping Tung
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jou-Hui Yu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yali Kuo
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC)
| | - Yu-Chi Chou
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC)
| | - Li-Yang Bai
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Chih Chang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry and
- Academia Sinica Cryo-EM Center, and
| | - An-Yu Chen
- Institute of Preventive Medicine
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, and
| | - Cheng-Cheung Chen
- Institute of Preventive Medicine
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, and
| | - Yi-Hua Chen
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Jian-Jong Liang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Lin
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC)
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Takashi Angata
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biological Chemistry and
| | - Shang-Te Danny Hsu
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biological Chemistry and
- International Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter (WPI-SKC M2, ) Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kuo-I Lin
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC)
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3
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Alemán OR, Rosales C. Human neutrophil Fc gamma receptors: different buttons for different responses. J Leukoc Biol 2023; 114:571-584. [PMID: 37437115 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are fundamental cells in host defense. These leukocytes are quickly recruited from the blood to sites of infection or tissue damage. At these sites, neutrophils initiate several innate immune responses, including phagocytosis, production of reactive oxygen species, degranulation to release proteases and other antimicrobial compounds, production of inflammatory mediators, and formation of neutrophil extracellular traps. In addition to their role in innate immunity, neutrophils are now recognized as cells that also regulate adaptive immunity, via interaction with dendritic cells and lymphocytes. Neutrophils also respond to adaptive immunity by interacting with antibody molecules. Indeed, antibody molecules allow neutrophils to have antigen-specific responses. Neutrophils express different receptors for antibodies. The receptors for immunoglobulin G molecules are known as Fcγ receptors. Upon Fcγ receptor aggregation on the cell membrane, these receptors trigger distinct signal transduction cascades that activate particular cellular responses. In this review, we describe the major Fcγ receptors expressed on human neutrophils and discuss how each Fcγ receptor activates a choice of signaling pathways to stimulate particular neutrophil responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Rafael Alemán
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. Postal 70228, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, México
| | - Carlos Rosales
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. Postal 70228, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, México
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4
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Metzemaekers M, Malengier-Devlies B, Gouwy M, De Somer L, Cunha FDQ, Opdenakker G, Proost P. Fast and furious: The neutrophil and its armamentarium in health and disease. Med Res Rev 2023; 43:1537-1606. [PMID: 37036061 DOI: 10.1002/med.21958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils are powerful effector cells leading the first wave of acute host-protective responses. These innate leukocytes are endowed with oxidative and nonoxidative defence mechanisms, and play well-established roles in fighting invading pathogens. With microbicidal weaponry largely devoid of specificity and an all-too-well recognized toxicity potential, collateral damage may occur in neutrophil-rich diseases. However, emerging evidence suggests that neutrophils are more versatile, heterogeneous, and sophisticated cells than initially thought. At the crossroads of innate and adaptive immunity, neutrophils demonstrate their multifaceted functions in infectious and noninfectious pathologies including cancer, autoinflammation, and autoimmune diseases. Here, we discuss the kinetics of neutrophils and their products of activation from bench to bedside during health and disease, and provide an overview of the versatile functions of neutrophils as key modulators of immune responses and physiological processes. We focus specifically on those activities and concepts that have been validated with primary human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieke Metzemaekers
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bert Malengier-Devlies
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mieke Gouwy
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lien De Somer
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- European Reference Network for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) at the University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Ghislain Opdenakker
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Proost
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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5
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Tan ZC, Lux A, Biburger M, Varghese P, Lees S, Nimmerjahn F, Meyer AS. Mixed IgG Fc immune complexes exhibit blended binding profiles and refine FcR affinity estimates. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112734. [PMID: 37421619 PMCID: PMC10404157 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies coordinate immune effector responses by interacting with effector cells via fragment crystallizable γ (Fcγ) receptors. The IgG Fc domain directs effector responses through subclass and glycosylation variation. Although each Fc variant has been extensively characterized in isolation, during immune responses, IgG is almost always produced in Fc mixtures. How this influences effector responses has not been examined. Here, we measure Fcγ receptor binding to mixed Fc immune complexes. Binding of these mixtures falls along a continuum between pure cases and quantitatively matches a mechanistic model, except for several low-affinity interactions mostly involving IgG2. We find that the binding model provides refined estimates of their affinities. Finally, we demonstrate that the model predicts effector cell-elicited platelet depletion in humanized mice. Contrary to previous views, IgG2 exhibits appreciable binding through avidity, though it is insufficient to induce effector responses. Overall, this work demonstrates a quantitative framework for modeling mixed IgG Fc-effector cell regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Cyrillus Tan
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Anja Lux
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus Biburger
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Prabha Varghese
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephen Lees
- Department of Bioengineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Falk Nimmerjahn
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aaron S Meyer
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Bioengineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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6
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Purcell RA, Theisen RM, Arnold KB, Chung AW, Selva KJ. Polyfunctional antibodies: a path towards precision vaccines for vulnerable populations. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1183727. [PMID: 37600816 PMCID: PMC10433199 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1183727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccine efficacy determined within the controlled environment of a clinical trial is usually substantially greater than real-world vaccine effectiveness. Typically, this results from reduced protection of immunologically vulnerable populations, such as children, elderly individuals and people with chronic comorbidities. Consequently, these high-risk groups are frequently recommended tailored immunisation schedules to boost responses. In addition, diverse groups of healthy adults may also be variably protected by the same vaccine regimen. Current population-based vaccination strategies that consider basic clinical parameters offer a glimpse into what may be achievable if more nuanced aspects of the immune response are considered in vaccine design. To date, vaccine development has been largely empirical. However, next-generation approaches require more rational strategies. We foresee a generation of precision vaccines that consider the mechanistic basis of vaccine response variations associated with both immunogenetic and baseline health differences. Recent efforts have highlighted the importance of balanced and diverse extra-neutralising antibody functions for vaccine-induced protection. However, in immunologically vulnerable populations, significant modulation of polyfunctional antibody responses that mediate both neutralisation and effector functions has been observed. Here, we review the current understanding of key genetic and inflammatory modulators of antibody polyfunctionality that affect vaccination outcomes and consider how this knowledge may be harnessed to tailor vaccine design for improved public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth A. Purcell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Robert M. Theisen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Kelly B. Arnold
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Amy W. Chung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kevin J. Selva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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7
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Wang H, Wang A, Chen M, Gong M, Wu X, Zhen J, Lu Y. Abnormalities by Multicolor Flow Cytometry for Detection of Minimal Residual Disease in Recipients of Allo-HSCT Originating from Donors: A Cohort Study. Turk J Haematol 2023; 40:18-27. [PMID: 36718627 PMCID: PMC9979734 DOI: 10.4274/tjh.galenos.2022.2022.0365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective In minimal residual disease (MRD) analysis after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), abnormal immunophenotyping is commonly considered as evidence of a secondary recurrence or complications, leading to overtreatment. We aimed to confirm whether such phenotypic abnormality might originate from donors using multicolor flow cytometry (MFC). Materials and Methods The MRD of bone marrow specimens of 3395 patients who had received allo-HSCT were analyzed using the conventional two-tube, eight-color MFC panel. The frequencies of abnormal immunophenotypes were also evaluated in three groups of patients without malignancies. Results The frequency of new abnormal polymorphisms was 0.088% (3/3395) among patients who received allo-HSCT. The abnormal cells seen in three patients in complete remission were Fcγ receptor IIIB (FcγRIIIB) gene deletion (CD16- neutrophils), CD2-CD159a-CD159c+ natural killer (NK) cells, and monoclonal B lymphocytosis (MBL), respectively. In addition, abnormal T-cells (CD4+CD8+) were detected in one donor before allo-HSCT. Identical abnormalities were found in the peripheral blood of the corresponding donors of the three patients via MFC. Among the individuals without malignancies, the incidence of FcγRIIIB deletion was 0.2% (11/5256), that of NK cells with the absence of CD2 and single-positive CD159c was 0.05% (1/2000), that of monoclonal CD4/CD8 double-positive T-cells was 0.05% (1/2000), and that of MBL was 1.3% (14/1100). The frequency of NK cells with the absence of CD2 was 1.3% (1/79) and with CD8dim was 14% (11/79) in NK cell lymphoma. The following abnormalities could be identified by the two-tube, eight-color MFC panel: cκ/cλ/CD19/CD5/CD20/ CD38/CD45/CD56 (adding CD10 and CD34 as the ninth and tenth colors) and CD16+CD56/CD5/CD3/CD7/CD4/CD8/CD2/CD45 (adding CD117 as the ninth color). Conclusion Abnormalities in recipients of allo-HSCT detected by MRD analysis may originate from their donors. Screening of donor specimens with a suitable two-tube, eight- to ten-color MFC panel may be a promising method for minimizing misdiagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Hebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Langfang, China,* Address for Correspondence: Hebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Langfang, China E-mail:
| | - Aixian Wang
- Hebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Langfang, China
| | - Man Chen
- Beijing Lu Daopei Hospital, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Meiwei Gong
- Hebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Langfang, China
| | - Xueying Wu
- Hebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Langfang, China
| | - Junyi Zhen
- Hebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Langfang, China
| | - Yue Lu
- Hebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, Langfang, China
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8
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Margetuximab and trastuzumab deruxtecan: New generation of anti-HER2 immunotherapeutic agents for breast cancer. Mol Immunol 2022; 152:45-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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9
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Behrens LM, van Egmond M, van den Berg TK. Neutrophils as immune effector cells in antibody therapy in cancer. Immunol Rev 2022; 314:280-301. [PMID: 36331258 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-targeting monoclonal antibodies are available for a number of cancer cell types (over)expressing the corresponding tumor antigens. Such antibodies can limit tumor progression by different mechanisms, including direct growth inhibition and immune-mediated mechanisms, in particular complement-dependent cytotoxicity, antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis, and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). ADCC can be mediated by various types of immune cells, including neutrophils, the most abundant leukocyte in circulation. Neutrophils express a number of Fc receptors, including Fcγ- and Fcα-receptors, and can therefore kill tumor cells opsonized with either IgG or IgA antibodies. In recent years, important insights have been obtained with respect to the mechanism(s) by which neutrophils engage and kill antibody-opsonized cancer cells and these findings are reviewed here. In addition, we consider a number of additional ways in which neutrophils may affect cancer progression, in particular by regulating adaptive anti-cancer immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie M. Behrens
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam HV Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology HV Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, Cancer Immunology HV Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein van Egmond
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam HV Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology HV Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, Cancer Immunology HV Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam HV Amsterdam The Netherlands
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10
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Van Coillie J, Schulz MA, Bentlage AEH, de Haan N, Ye Z, Geerdes DM, van Esch WJE, Hafkenscheid L, Miller RL, Narimatsu Y, Vakhrushev SY, Yang Z, Vidarsson G, Clausen H. Role of N-Glycosylation in FcγRIIIa interaction with IgG. Front Immunol 2022; 13:987151. [PMID: 36189205 PMCID: PMC9524020 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.987151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulins G (IgG) and their Fc gamma receptors (FcγRs) play important roles in our immune system. The conserved N-glycan in the Fc region of IgG1 impacts interaction of IgG with FcγRs and the resulting effector functions, which has led to the design of antibody therapeutics with greatly improved antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC) activities. Studies have suggested that also N-glycosylation of the FcγRIII affects receptor interactions with IgG, but detailed studies of the interaction of IgG1 and FcγRIIIa with distinct N-glycans have been hindered by the natural heterogeneity in N-glycosylation. In this study, we employed comprehensive genetic engineering of the N-glycosylation capacities in mammalian cell lines to express IgG1 and FcγRIIIa with different N-glycan structures to more generally explore the role of N-glycosylation in IgG1:FcγRIIIa binding interactions. We included FcγRIIIa variants of both the 158F and 158V allotypes and investigated the key N-glycan features that affected binding affinity. Our study confirms that afucosylated IgG1 has the highest binding affinity to oligomannose FcγRIIIa, a glycan structure commonly found on Asn162 on FcγRIIIa expressed by NK cells but not monocytes or recombinantly expressed FcγRIIIa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Van Coillie
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Morten A. Schulz
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arthur E. H. Bentlage
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Noortje de Haan
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zilu Ye
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Lise Hafkenscheid
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rebecca L. Miller
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yoshiki Narimatsu
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- GlycoDisplay ApS, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sergey Y. Vakhrushev
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zhang Yang
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- GlycoDisplay ApS, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Henrik Clausen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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11
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Karsten CB, Bartsch YC, Shin SA, Slein MD, Heller HM, Kolandaivelu K, Middeldorp JM, Alter G, Julg B. Evolution of functional antibodies following acute Epstein-Barr virus infection. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010738. [PMID: 36067220 PMCID: PMC9481173 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
While Epstein-Barr virus causes mostly asymptomatic infection, associated malignancies, and autoimmune and lymphoproliferative diseases occur. To dissect the evolution of humoral immune responses over the course of EBV infection and to gain a better understanding of the potential contribution of antibody (Ab) function to viral control, we comprehensively profiled Ab specificities and Fc-functionalities using systems serology and VirScan. Ab functions against latent (EBNA1), early (p47/54) and two late (gp350/220 and VCA-p18) EBV proteins were overall modest and/or short-lived, differing from humoral responses induced during acute infection by other viruses such as HIV. In the first year post infection, only p18 elicited robust IgM-driven complement deposition and IgG-driven neutrophil phagocytosis while responses against EBNA-1 were largely Fc-functionally silent and only matured during chronic infection to drive phagocytosis. In contrast, Abs against Influenza virus readily mediated broad Fc-activity in all participants. These data suggest that EBV evades the induction of robust Fc-functional Abs, potentially due to the virus’ life cycle, switching from lytic to latent stages during infection. While previously thought to be largely innocuous, emerging data clearly highlight the pathological role of lifelong EBV infection in driving autoimmunity and malignancies in a small, but not insignificant portion of the population. We therefore aimed to define potential humoral mechanisms associated with viral control, beyond neutralizing Abs, by systematically focusing on antibody Fc-functional activities during acute to convalescent EBV infection applying technologies such as systems serology and VirScan. We found that functions against EBV proteins were overall only modest and either short-lived or delayed, differing from functional antibody responses induced during acute infection by other viruses such as HIV. These data suggest that EBV evades the induction of robust Fc-functional Abs thereby potentially facilitating lifelong, persistent infection with all its consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina B. Karsten
- University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital Essen, Institute for Translational HIV Research; Essen, Germany
- * E-mail: (CBK); (BJ)
| | - Yannic C. Bartsch
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sally A. Shin
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Matthew D. Slein
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | - Kumaran Kolandaivelu
- MIT Institute for Medical Engineering & Science; Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Boris Julg
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CBK); (BJ)
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12
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Gonzalez JC, Chakraborty S, Thulin NK, Wang TT. Heterogeneity in IgG-CD16 signaling in infectious disease outcomes. Immunol Rev 2022; 309:64-74. [PMID: 35781671 PMCID: PMC9539944 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we discuss how IgG antibodies can modulate inflammatory signaling during viral infections with a focus on CD16a-mediated functions. We describe the structural heterogeneity of IgG antibody ligands, including subclass and glycosylation that impact binding by and downstream activity of CD16a, as well as the heterogeneity of CD16a itself, including allele and expression density. While inflammation is a mechanism required for immune homeostasis and resolution of acute infections, we focus here on two infectious diseases that are driven by pathogenic inflammatory responses during infection. Specifically, we review and discuss the evolving body of literature showing that afucosylated IgG immune complex signaling through CD16a contributes to the overwhelming inflammatory response that is central to the pathogenesis of severe forms of dengue disease and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C. Gonzalez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious DiseasesStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA,Program in ImmunologyStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Saborni Chakraborty
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious DiseasesStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Natalie K. Thulin
- Department of ImmunologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Taia T. Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious DiseasesStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA,Program in ImmunologyStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA,Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA
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13
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Behrens LM, van den Berg TK, van Egmond M. Targeting the CD47-SIRPα Innate Immune Checkpoint to Potentiate Antibody Therapy in Cancer by Neutrophils. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143366. [PMID: 35884427 PMCID: PMC9319280 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Immunotherapy aims to engage various immune cells in the elimination of cancer cells. Neutrophils are the most abundant leukocytes in the circulation and have unique mechanisms by which they can kill cancer cells opsonized by antibodies. However, neutrophil effector functions are limited by the inhibitory receptor SIRPα, when it interacts with CD47. The CD47 protein is expressed on all cells in the body and acts as a ‘don’t eat me’ signal to prevent tissue damage. Cancer cells can express high levels of CD47 to circumvent tumor elimination. Thus, blocking the interaction between CD47 and SIRPα may enhance anti-tumor effects by neutrophils in the presence of tumor-targeting monoclonal antibodies. In this review, we discuss CD47-SIRPα as an innate immune checkpoint on neutrophils and explore the preliminary results of clinical trials using CD47-SIRPα blocking agents. Abstract In the past 25 years, a considerable number of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against a variety of tumor-associated antigens (TAA) have become available for the targeted treatment of hematologic and solid cancers. Such antibodies opsonize cancer cells and can trigger cytotoxic responses mediated by Fc-receptor expressing immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Although frequently ignored, neutrophils, which are abundantly present in the circulation and many cancers, have demonstrated to constitute bona fide effector cells for antibody-mediated tumor elimination in vivo. It has now also been established that neutrophils exert a unique mechanism of cytotoxicity towards antibody-opsonized tumor cells, known as trogoptosis, which involves Fc-receptor (FcR)-mediated trogocytosis of cancer cell plasma membrane leading to a lytic/necrotic type of cell death. However, neutrophils prominently express the myeloid inhibitory receptor SIRPα, which upon interaction with the ‘don’t eat me’ signal CD47 on cancer cells, limits cytotoxicity, forming a mechanism of resistance towards anti-cancer antibody therapeutics. In fact, tumor cells often overexpress CD47, thereby even more strongly restricting neutrophil-mediated tumor killing. Blocking the CD47-SIRPα interaction may therefore potentiate neutrophil-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) towards cancer cells, and various inhibitors of the CD47-SIRPα axis are now in clinical studies. Here, we review the role of neutrophils in antibody therapy in cancer and their regulation by the CD47-SIRPα innate immune checkpoint. Moreover, initial results of CD47-SIRPα blockade in clinical trials are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie M. Behrens
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (T.K.v.d.B.); (M.v.E.)
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology Program, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Cancer Immunology Program, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
| | - Timo K. van den Berg
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (T.K.v.d.B.); (M.v.E.)
- Byondis B.V., 6545 CM Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein van Egmond
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (T.K.v.d.B.); (M.v.E.)
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology Program, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Cancer Immunology Program, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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14
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Vietzen H, Danklmaier V, Zoufaly A, Puchhammer-Stöckl E. High-affinity FcγRIIIa genetic variants and potent NK cell-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) responses contributing to severe COVID-19. Genet Med 2022; 24:1449-1458. [PMID: 35488894 PMCID: PMC9055393 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Host genetic variants in activating natural killer (NK) cell receptors may contribute to differences in severity of COVID-19. NK cell-mediated antibody-mediated cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) responses play, however, a controversial role in SARS-CoV-2 infections. It is unclear whether proinflammatory and cytotoxic SARS-CoV-2-specific ADCC responses limit disease severity or rather contribute to the immunopathogenesis of severe COVID-19. METHODS Using a genetic association approach and subsequent in vitro antibody-dependent NK cell activation experiments, we investigated whether genetic variants in the FcγRIIIa-encoding FCGR3A gene, resulting in expression of either a low-affinity or high-affinity variant, and individual SARS-CoV-2-specific ADCC response contribute to COVID-19 severity. RESULTS In our study, we showed that the high-affinity variant of the FcγRIIIa receptor, 158-V/V, is significantly over-represented in hospitalized and deceased patients with COVID-19, whereas the low-affinity FcγRIIIa-158-F/F variant occurs more frequently in patients with mild COVID-19 (P < .0001). Furthermore, functional SARS-CoV-2 antibody-specific NK cell-mediated ADCC assays revealed that significantly higher proinflammatory ADCC responses occur in hospitalized patients with COVID-19, and are especially observed in NK cells expressing the FcγRIIIa-158-V/V variant (P < .0001). CONCLUSION Our study provides evidence that pronounced SARS-CoV-2-specific NK cell-mediated ADCC responses are influenced by NK cell FcγRIIIa genetic variants and are a hallmark of severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Vietzen
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Vera Danklmaier
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Zoufaly
- Department of Medicine IV, Clinic Favoriten, Vienna, Austria; Faculty of Medicine, Sigmund Freud University, Vienna, Austria
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15
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Golay J, Andrea AE, Cattaneo I. Role of Fc Core Fucosylation in the Effector Function of IgG1 Antibodies. Front Immunol 2022; 13:929895. [PMID: 35844552 PMCID: PMC9279668 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.929895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of fucose on IgG1 Asn-297 N-linked glycan is the modification of the human IgG1 Fc structure with the most significant impact on FcɣRIII affinity. It also significantly enhances the efficacy of antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) by natural killer (NK) cells in vitro, induced by IgG1 therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). The effect of afucosylation on ADCC or antibody dependent phagocytosis (ADCP) mediated by macrophages or polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) is less clear. Evidence for enhanced efficacy of afucosylated therapeutic mAbs in vivo has also been reported. This has led to the development of several therapeutic antibodies with low Fc core fucose to treat cancer and inflammatory diseases, seven of which have already been approved for clinical use. More recently, the regulation of IgG Fc core fucosylation has been shown to take place naturally during the B-cell immune response: A decrease in α-1,6 fucose has been observed in polyclonal, antigen-specific IgG1 antibodies which are generated during alloimmunization of pregnant women by fetal erythrocyte or platelet antigens and following infection by some enveloped viruses and parasites. Low IgG1 Fc core fucose on antigen-specific polyclonal IgG1 has been linked to disease severity in several cases, such as SARS-CoV 2 and Dengue virus infection and during alloimmunization, highlighting the in vivo significance of this phenomenon. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge about human IgG1 Fc core fucosylation and its regulation and function in vivo, in the context of both therapeutic antibodies and the natural immune response. The parallels in these two areas are informative about the mechanisms and in vivo effects of Fc core fucosylation, and may allow to further exploit the desired properties of this modification in different clinical contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josée Golay
- Center of Cellular Therapy "G. Lanzani", Division of Hematology, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
- *Correspondence: Josée Golay,
| | - Alain E. Andrea
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Thérapies Moléculaires, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Saint Joseph de Beyrouth, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Irene Cattaneo
- Center of Cellular Therapy "G. Lanzani", Division of Hematology, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
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16
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Epithelial and Neutrophil Interactions and Coordinated Response to Shigella in a Human Intestinal Enteroid-Neutrophil Coculture Model. mBio 2022; 13:e0094422. [PMID: 35652591 PMCID: PMC9239269 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00944-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) are recruited to the gastrointestinal mucosa in response to inflammation, injury, and infection. Here, we report the development and the characterization of an ex vivo tissue coculture model consisting of human primary intestinal enteroid monolayers and PMN, and a mechanistic interrogation of PMN-epithelial cell interaction and response to Shigella, a primary cause of childhood dysentery. Cellular adaptation and tissue integration, barrier function, PMN phenotypic and functional attributes, and innate immune responses were examined. PMN within the enteroid monolayers acquired a distinct activated/migratory phenotype that was influenced by direct epithelial cell contact as well as by molecular signals. Seeded on the basal side of the intestinal monolayer, PMN were intercalated within the epithelial cells and moved paracellularly toward the apical side. Cocultured PMN also increased basal secretion of interleukin 8 (IL-8). Shigella added to the apical surface of the monolayers evoked additional PMN phenotypic adaptations, including increased expression of cell surface markers associated with chemotaxis and cell degranulation (CD47, CD66b, and CD88). Apical Shigella infection triggered rapid transmigration of PMN to the luminal side, neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation, and bacterial phagocytosis and killing. Shigella infection modulated cytokine production in the coculture; apical monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and basolateral IL-8 production were downregulated, while basolateral IL-6 secretion was increased. We demonstrated, for the first time, PMN phenotypic adaptation and mobilization and coordinated epithelial cell-PMN innate response upon Shigella infection in the human intestinal environment. The enteroid monolayer-PMN coculture represents a technical innovation for mechanistic interrogation of gastrointestinal physiology, host-microbe interaction, innate immunity, and evaluation of preventive/therapeutic tools.
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17
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Analysis of Leukocyte Recruitment in Continuous Veno-Venous Hemofiltration with Regional Citrate vs. Systemic Heparin Anticoagulation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111815. [PMID: 35681510 PMCID: PMC9180305 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent complication in critically ill patients. Supportive treatment of AKI patients is based on renal-replacement therapy, including continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (CVVH). To limit clotting events on extracorporeal surfaces, anticoagulants are administered, including systemic heparin and local citrate. The differential and comparative effects of these anticoagulants on leukocyte function in acute kidney injury patients are, so far, insufficiently understood. In this bio-add-on-study, AKI patients were randomized as part of a parallel-group trial to either systemic heparin or regional citrate anticoagulation. Patient samples were collected upon inclusion, prior to CVVH initiation at day 0, day 1, day 3 and day 5, following CVVH initiation, and one day after cessation of CVVH, then immediately analyzed. Flow cytometric assessment of surface-receptor molecules was conducted. Whole-blood-perfused human microfluidic chambers were used for the analysis of neutrophil rolling and adhesion. Acute kidney injury was associated with significant changes in the surface expression of CD182 and CD16 throughout CVVH treatment, independent of the anticoagulation regime. AKI furthermore abrogated selectin-induced slow leukocyte rolling and diminished chemokine-induced leukocyte arrest. Subgroup analyses of citrate vs. heparin treatment showed no significant differences between groups, independent of the duration of CVVH treatment. CD182 and CD16 expression remained low in both groups throughout CVVH therapy. These data confirm that AKI impairs selectin-mediated leukocyte slow rolling and chemokine-induced leukocyte arrest in vitro. Systemic heparin or local citrate anticoagulation have no differential effect on the leukocyte recruitment steps examined in this study.
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18
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Kaushal J, Kamboj A, Anupam K, Tandon A, Sharma A, Bhatnagar A. Interplay of redox imbalance with matrix gelatinases in neutrophils and their association with disease severity in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Clin Immunol 2022; 237:108965. [PMID: 35263664 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2022.108965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) etiopathogenesis still remains complex, but involvement of several immune cells is evident. Present study focusses on evaluation of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) in RA patients and healthy controls. From generation of oxidative species, release of inflammatory cytokines and matrix-degrading proteases, PMNs possess the ability to mediate immunological responses. Intracellular and mitochondrial ROS in PMNs and other oxidative parameters including catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, reduced glutathione and lipid peroxidation were measured in PMNs and serum samples. Gene regulation studies involved in oxidative (Keap1 and Nrf2) and degradative pathways (MMP2 and MMP9) were done using DNA methylation analysis. Intracellular expression levels of Keap1, Nrf2, Dnmt1, MMP2, and MMP9 were analyzed using flowcytometry in patients and controls. Moreover, serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were also measured. Comparative measurements amongst patients and controls were statistically analyzed, and correlations were made with disease severity scores (DAS28 ESR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotsana Kaushal
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Akhil Kamboj
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Kumari Anupam
- Department of Biochemistry, AIIMS, Bilaspur, HP, India
| | - Ankit Tandon
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Aman Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, PGIMER, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Archana Bhatnagar
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
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19
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Musolino A, Gradishar WJ, Rugo HS, Nordstrom JL, Rock EP, Arnaldez F, Pegram MD. Role of Fcγ receptors in HER2-targeted breast cancer therapy. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2021-003171. [PMID: 34992090 PMCID: PMC8739678 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Several therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), including those targeting epidermal growth factor receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and CD20, mediate fragment crystallizable gamma receptor (FcγR)–dependent activities as part of their mechanism of action. These activities include induction of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP), which are innate immune mechanisms of cancer cell elimination. FcγRs are distinguished by their affinity for the Fc fragment, cell distribution, and type of immune response they induce. Activating FcγRIIIa (CD16A) on natural killer cells plays a crucial role in mediating ADCC, and activating FcγRIIa (CD32A) and FcγRIIIa on macrophages are important for mediating ADCP. Polymorphisms in FcγRIIIa and FcγRIIa generate variants that bind to the Fc portion of antibodies with different affinities. This results in differential FcγR-mediated activities associated with differential therapeutic outcomes across multiple clinical settings, from early stage to metastatic disease, in patients with HER2+ breast cancer treated with the anti-HER2 mAb trastuzumab. Trastuzumab has, nonetheless, revolutionized HER2+ breast cancer treatment, and several HER2-directed mAbs have been developed using Fc glyco-engineering or Fc protein-engineering to enhance FcγR-mediated functions. An example of an approved anti-HER2 Fc-engineered chimeric mAb is margetuximab, which targets the same epitope as trastuzumab, but features five amino acid substitutions in the IgG 1 Fc domain that were deliberately introduced to increase binding to activating FcγRIIIa and decrease binding to inhibitory FcγRIIb (CD32B). Margetuximab enhances Fc-dependent ADCC in vitro more potently than the combination of pertuzumab (another approved mAb directed against an alternate HER2 epitope) and trastuzumab. Margetuximab administration also enhances HER2-specific B cell and T cell–mediated responses ex vivo in samples from patients treated with prior lines of HER2 antibody-based therapies. Stemming from these observations, a worthwhile future goal in the treatment of HER2+ breast cancer is to promote combinatorial approaches that better eradicate HER2+ cancer cells via enhanced immunological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Musolino
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Hospital of Parma, Medical Oncology and Breast Unit, Parma, Italy
| | - William J Gradishar
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Hope S Rugo
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Breast Oncology and Clinical Trials Education, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | | | | | - Mark D Pegram
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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20
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Nduati EW, Gorman MJ, Sein Y, Hermanus T, Yuan D, Oyaro I, Muema DM, Ndung’u T, Alter G, Moore PL. Coordinated Fc-effector and neutralization functions in HIV-infected children define a window of opportunity for HIV vaccination. AIDS 2021; 35:1895-1905. [PMID: 34115644 PMCID: PMC8462450 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000002976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Antibody function has been extensively studied in HIV-infected adults but is relatively understudied in children. Emerging data suggests enhanced development of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) in children but Fc effector functions in this group are less well defined. Here, we profiled overall antibody function in HIV-infected children. DESIGN Plasma samples from a cross-sectional study of 50 antiretroviral therapy-naive children (aged 1-11 years) vertically infected with HIV-1 clade A were screened for HIV-specific binding antibody levels and neutralizing and Fc-mediated functions. METHODS Neutralization breadth was determined against a globally representative panel of 12 viruses. HIV-specific antibody levels were determined using a multiplex assay. Fc-mediated antibody functions measured were antibody-dependent: cellular phagocytosis (ADCP); neutrophil phagocytosis (ADNP); complement deposition (ADCD) and natural killer function (ADNK). RESULTS All children had HIV gp120-specific antibodies, largely of the IgG1 subtype. Fifty-four percent of the children exhibited more than 50% neutralization breadth, with older children showing significantly broader neutralization activity. Apart from ADCC, observed only in 16% children, other Fc-mediated functions were common (>58% children). Neutralization breadth correlated with Fc-mediated functions suggesting shared determinants of enhanced antibody function exist. CONCLUSIONS These results are consistent with previous observations that children may develop high levels of neutralization breadth. Furthermore, the striking association between neutralization breadth and Fc effector function suggests that HIV vaccination in children could yield multifunctional antibodies. Paediatric populations may therefore provide an ideal window of opportunity for HIV vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yiakon Sein
- KEMRI Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Tandile Hermanus
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg
| | - Dansu Yuan
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ian Oyaro
- KEMRI Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Daniel M. Muema
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, The Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Thumbi Ndung’u
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, The Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Penny L. Moore
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg
- Antibody Immunity Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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21
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Lu CH, Li KJ, Wu CH, Shen CY, Kuo YM, Hsieh SC, Yu CL. The FcγRIII Engagement Augments PMA-Stimulated Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) Formation by Granulocytes Partially via Cross-Talk between Syk-ERK-NF-κB and PKC-ROS Signaling Pathways. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091127. [PMID: 34572313 PMCID: PMC8472361 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) are the most abundant white blood cell in the circulation capable of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation after stimulation. Both NADPH oxidase-dependent and -independent pathways are involved in NET formation. The IgG is the most abundant immunoglobulin in human serum. However, the impact of the circulating IgG on NET formation is totally unexplored. In this study, the all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-induced mature granulocytes (dHL-60) were pre-treated with monomeric human IgG, papain-digested Fab fragment, crystallizable IgG Fc portion, rituximab (a human IgG1), or IgG2. The NET formation of the dHL-60 in the presence/absence of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) stimulation was then measured by the fluorescent area after SYTOX green nucleic acid stain. The intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was measured by flow cytometry. Total and phosphorylated Syk, SHP-1, and ERK were detected by immunoblot. We found that human monomeric IgG and its subclasses IgG1 and IgG2 per se induced negligible NET formation of dHL-60, but the FcγRIII engagement by these IgG subclasses and Fc portion augment PMA-stimulated dHL-60 NET formation in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, we found that increased Syk and ERK phosphorylation, intracellular ROS generation, and pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-8 and TNF-α, production could be induced after FcγRIII engagement. Blocking FcγRIII engagement by a specific antibody diminished the augmented NET formation. In conclusion, we discovered that cross-talk between FcγRIII engagement-induced Syk-ERK and PMA-induced PKC signaling pathways augment NET formation of dHL-60 via increased ROS generation and pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-8 and TNF-α, production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hsun Lu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (K.-J.L.); (C.-H.W.); (C.-Y.S.); (Y.-M.K.); (S.-C.H.)
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Jen Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (K.-J.L.); (C.-H.W.); (C.-Y.S.); (Y.-M.K.); (S.-C.H.)
| | - Cheng-Han Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (K.-J.L.); (C.-H.W.); (C.-Y.S.); (Y.-M.K.); (S.-C.H.)
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Yu Shen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (K.-J.L.); (C.-H.W.); (C.-Y.S.); (Y.-M.K.); (S.-C.H.)
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Min Kuo
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (K.-J.L.); (C.-H.W.); (C.-Y.S.); (Y.-M.K.); (S.-C.H.)
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Song-Chou Hsieh
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (K.-J.L.); (C.-H.W.); (C.-Y.S.); (Y.-M.K.); (S.-C.H.)
| | - Chia-Li Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (K.-J.L.); (C.-H.W.); (C.-Y.S.); (Y.-M.K.); (S.-C.H.)
- Correspondence:
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22
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Neutrophils dominate in opsonic phagocytosis of P. falciparum blood-stage merozoites and protect against febrile malaria. Commun Biol 2021; 4:984. [PMID: 34413459 PMCID: PMC8376957 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02511-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-mediated opsonic phagocytosis (OP) of Plasmodium falciparum blood-stage merozoites has been associated with protection against malaria. However, the precise contribution of different peripheral blood phagocytes in the OP mechanism remains unknown. Here, we developed an in vitro OP assay using peripheral blood leukocytes that allowed us to quantify the contribution of each phagocytic cell type in the OP of merozoites. We found that CD14 + +CD16- monocytes were the dominant phagocytic cells at very low antibody levels and Fc gamma receptor (FcγR) IIA plays a key role. At higher antibody levels however, neutrophils were the main phagocytes in the OP of merozoites with FcγRIIIB acting synergistically with FcγRIIA in the process. We found that OP activity by neutrophils was strongly associated with protection against febrile malaria in longitudinal cohort studies performed in Ghana and India. Our results demonstrate that peripheral blood neutrophils are the main phagocytes of P. falciparum blood-stage merozoites.
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23
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Dagher R, Kumar V, Copenhaver AM, Gallagher S, Ghaedi M, Boyd J, Newbold P, Humbles AA, Kolbeck R. Novel mechanisms of action contributing to Benralizumab's potent anti-eosinophilic activity. Eur Respir J 2021; 59:13993003.04306-2020. [PMID: 34289975 PMCID: PMC8923056 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.04306-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Benralizumab is a humanised, anti-IL-5Rα monoclonal antibody with anti-eosinophilic activity. Lack of fucose (afucosylation) increases its affinity to CD16a and significantly enhances antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) by NK cells. Although benralizumab proved clinically efficacious in clinical trials for patients with severe asthma and hypereosinophilic syndrome, in-depth characterisation of its anti-eosinophilic mechanisms of action remain elusive. Here, we further investigated the mechanisms involved in benralizumab's anti-eosinophilic activities. In the presence of NK cells benralizumab induced potent eosinophil apoptosis as demonstrated by the upstream induction of caspase 3/7 and upregulation of cytochrome C. In addition, we uncovered a previously unrecognised mechanism whereby benralizumab can induce eosinophil phagocytosis/efferocytosis by macrophages, a process called antibody-dependent cell phagocytosis (ADCP). Using live cell imaging we unravel the stepwise processes leading to eosinophil apoptosis and uptake by activated macrophages. Through careful observations of cellular co-culture assays we identified a novel role for macrophage derived TNF to further enhance benralizumab-mediated eosinophil apoptosis through activation of TNF-receptor 1 on eosinophils. TNF-induced eosinophil apoptosis was associated with Cytochrome C upregulation, mitochondrial membrane depolarisation, and increased caspase 3/7 activity. Moreover, activated NK cells were found to amplify this axis through the secretion of IFNγ, subsequently driving TNF expression by macrophages. Our data provide insights into the timely appearance of events leading to benralizumab-induced eosinophil apoptosis and suggest that additional mechanisms may contribute to the potent anti-eosinophilic activity of benralizumab in vivo Importantly, afucosylation of benralizumab strongly enhanced its potency for all mechanisms investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Dagher
- Bioscience COPD/IPF, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, USA
| | - Varsha Kumar
- Bioscience COPD/IPF, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, USA
| | - Alan M Copenhaver
- Bioscience COPD/IPF, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, USA
| | - Sandra Gallagher
- Bioscience COPD/IPF, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, USA
| | - Mahboobe Ghaedi
- Bioscience COPD/IPF, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, USA
| | - Jonathan Boyd
- Imaging Core, ADPE, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, USA
| | - Paul Newbold
- Late Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, USA
| | - Alison A Humbles
- Bioscience COPD/IPF, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, USA
| | - Roland Kolbeck
- Bioscience COPD/IPF, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, USA
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24
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Yaffe ZA, Naiman NE, Slyker J, Wines BD, Richardson BA, Hogarth PM, Bosire R, Farquhar C, Ngacha DM, Nduati R, John-Stewart G, Overbaugh J. Improved HIV-positive infant survival is correlated with high levels of HIV-specific ADCC activity in multiple cohorts. Cell Rep Med 2021; 2:100254. [PMID: 33948582 PMCID: PMC8080236 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Defining immune responses that protect humans against diverse HIV strains has been elusive. Studying correlates of protection from mother-to-child transmission provides a benchmark for HIV vaccine protection because passively transferred HIV antibodies are present during infant exposure to HIV through breast milk. A previous study by our group illustrated that passively acquired antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity is associated with improved infant survival whereas neutralization is not. Here, we show, in another cohort and with two effector measures, that passively acquired ADCC antibodies correlate with infant survival. In combined analyses of data from both cohorts, there are highly statistically significant associations between higher infant survival and passively acquired ADCC levels (p = 0.029) as well as dimeric FcγRIIa (p = 0.002) or dimeric FcγRIIIa binding (p < 0.001). These results suggest that natural killer (NK) cell- and monocyte antibody-mediated effector functions may contribute to the observed survival benefit and support a role of pre-existing ADCC-mediating antibodies in clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zak A. Yaffe
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Nicole E. Naiman
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jennifer Slyker
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, 325 9 Avenue, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Bruce D. Wines
- Immune Therapies Laboratory, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Barbra A. Richardson
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, 325 9 Avenue, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, 1705 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - P. Mark Hogarth
- Immune Therapies Laboratory, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Rose Bosire
- Centre for Public Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, 20752-00202 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Carey Farquhar
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, 325 9 Avenue, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Dorothy Mbori Ngacha
- HIV Section, United Nations Children’s Fund, 3 United Nations Plaza, New York, NY 10017, USA
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Nairobi, Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ruth Nduati
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Nairobi, Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Grace John-Stewart
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, 325 9 Avenue, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Julie Overbaugh
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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25
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Gasparoto TH, Dalboni TM, Amôr NG, Abe AE, Perri G, Lara VS, Vieira NA, Gasparoto CT, Campanelli AP. Fcγ receptors on aging neutrophils. J Appl Oral Sci 2021; 29:e20200770. [PMID: 33825754 PMCID: PMC8011831 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2020-0770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neutrophils are key effector cells of the innate immune system. They recognize antigens through membrane receptors, which are expressed during their maturation and activation. Neutrophils express FcγRII (CD32), FcγRIII (CD16), and FcγRI (CD64) after being activated by different factors such as cytokines and bacterial products. These receptors are involved with phagocytosis of IgG-opsonized microbes and enhance defense mechanisms. Based on that, our study seeks to compare the expression of FcγRII, FcγRIII, FcγRI, and CD11b on neutrophils from elderly and young subjects and their expression after in vitro activation with cytokines and LPS. METHODOLOGY Neutrophils were isolated from human peripheral blood and from mice bone marrow by density gradient. After isolation, FCγRs expression was immediately analyzed by flow cytometry or after in vitro stimulation. RESULTS In freshly isolated cells, the percentage of FcγRIIIb+ and CD11b+ neutrophils were higher in samples from young individuals; FcγRIIIa expression was more prominent on aged neutrophils; FcγRIA expression was similar in all samples analyzed. Exposure to CXCL8 and LPS resulted in a higher percentage of FcγRIa+ neutrophils on elderly individuals' samples but lower when compared with neutrophils from young donors. We observed that LPS caused an increase in FcγRIIa expression on aging human neutrophils. In contrast, FcγRIIIb expression in response to CXCL8 and LPS stimulation was not altered in the four groups. CD11b expression was lower in neutrophils from elderly individuals even in response to LPS and CXCL8. In mice, we observed differences only regarding CD11b expression, which was increased on aged neutrophils. LPS exposure caused an increase in all FcγRs. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that, in humans, the overall pattern of FcγR expression and integrin CD11b are altered during aging and immunosenescence might contribute to age-related infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís Helena Gasparoto
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | - Thalita Marcato Dalboni
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | - Nádia Ghinelli Amôr
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | - Aneli Eiko Abe
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | - Graziela Perri
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | - Vanessa Soares Lara
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Estomatologia (Patologia Oral), Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Carlos Teodoro Gasparoto
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de São Paulo, Departamento de Saúde Pública, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Ana Paula Campanelli
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Bauru, SP, Brasil
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26
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Feng G, Wines BD, Kurtovic L, Chan JA, Boeuf P, Mollard V, Cozijnsen A, Drew DR, Center RJ, Marshall DL, Chishimba S, McFadden GI, Dent AE, Chelimo K, Boyle MJ, Kazura JW, Hogarth PM, Beeson JG. Mechanisms and targets of Fcγ-receptor mediated immunity to malaria sporozoites. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1742. [PMID: 33741975 PMCID: PMC7979888 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21998-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A highly protective vaccine will greatly facilitate achieving and sustaining malaria elimination. Understanding mechanisms of antibody-mediated immunity is crucial for developing vaccines with high efficacy. Here, we identify key roles in humoral immunity for Fcγ-receptor (FcγR) interactions and opsonic phagocytosis of sporozoites. We identify a major role for neutrophils in mediating phagocytic clearance of sporozoites in peripheral blood, whereas monocytes contribute a minor role. Antibodies also promote natural killer cell activity. Mechanistically, antibody interactions with FcγRIII appear essential, with FcγRIIa also required for maximum activity. All regions of the circumsporozoite protein are targets of functional antibodies against sporozoites, and N-terminal antibodies have more activity in some assays. Functional antibodies are slowly acquired following natural exposure to malaria, being present among some exposed adults, but uncommon among children. Our findings reveal targets and mechanisms of immunity that could be exploited in vaccine design to maximize efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoqian Feng
- Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine and Doherty Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Bruce D Wines
- Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Liriye Kurtovic
- Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jo-Anne Chan
- Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Philippe Boeuf
- Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine and Doherty Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Vanessa Mollard
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anton Cozijnsen
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Damien R Drew
- Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rob J Center
- Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine and Doherty Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Daniel L Marshall
- Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sandra Chishimba
- Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine and Doherty Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Geoffrey I McFadden
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Arlene E Dent
- Centre for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kiprotich Chelimo
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Maseno University, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Michelle J Boyle
- Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Immunology, IMR-Berghofer Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - James W Kazura
- Centre for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - P Mark Hogarth
- Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - James G Beeson
- Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Medicine and Doherty Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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27
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Linher-Melville K, Shah A, Singh G. Sex differences in neuro(auto)immunity and chronic sciatic nerve pain. Biol Sex Differ 2020; 11:62. [PMID: 33183347 PMCID: PMC7661171 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-020-00339-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain occurs with greater frequency in women, with a parallel sexually dimorphic trend reported in sufferers of many autoimmune diseases. There is a need to continue examining neuro-immune-endocrine crosstalk in the context of sexual dimorphisms in chronic pain. Several phenomena in particular need to be further explored. In patients, autoantibodies to neural antigens have been associated with sensory pathway hyper-excitability, and the role of self-antigens released by damaged nerves remains to be defined. In addition, specific immune cells release pro-nociceptive cytokines that directly influence neural firing, while T lymphocytes activated by specific antigens secrete factors that either support nerve repair or exacerbate the damage. Modulating specific immune cell populations could therefore be a means to promote nerve recovery, with sex-specific outcomes. Understanding biological sex differences that maintain, or fail to maintain, neuroimmune homeostasis may inform the selection of sex-specific treatment regimens, improving chronic pain management by rebalancing neuroimmune feedback. Given the significance of interactions between nerves and immune cells in the generation and maintenance of neuropathic pain, this review focuses on sex differences and possible links with persistent autoimmune activity using sciatica as an example.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Linher-Melville
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anita Shah
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gurmit Singh
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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28
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Ustyanovska Avtenyuk N, Visser N, Bremer E, Wiersma VR. The Neutrophil: The Underdog That Packs a Punch in the Fight against Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7820. [PMID: 33105656 PMCID: PMC7659937 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of immunotherapy has had a major impact on the outcome and overall survival in many types of cancer. Current immunotherapeutic strategies typically aim to (re)activate anticancer T cell immunity, although the targeting of macrophage-mediated anticancer innate immunity has also emerged in recent years. Neutrophils, although comprising ≈ 60% of all white blood cells in the circulation, are still largely overlooked in this respect. Nevertheless, neutrophils have evident anticancer activity and can induce phagocytosis, trogocytosis, as well as the direct cytotoxic elimination of cancer cells. Furthermore, therapeutic tumor-targeting monoclonal antibodies trigger anticancer immune responses through all innate Fc-receptor expressing cells, including neutrophils. Indeed, the depletion of neutrophils strongly reduced the efficacy of monoclonal antibody treatment and increased tumor progression in various preclinical studies. In addition, the infusion of neutrophils in murine cancer models reduced tumor progression. However, evidence on the anticancer effects of neutrophils is fragmentary and mostly obtained in in vitro assays or murine models with reports on anticancer neutrophil activity in humans lagging behind. In this review, we aim to give an overview of the available knowledge of anticancer activity by neutrophils. Furthermore, we will describe strategies being explored for the therapeutic activation of anticancer neutrophil activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Edwin Bremer
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1/DA13, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (N.U.A.); (N.V.)
| | - Valerie R. Wiersma
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1/DA13, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (N.U.A.); (N.V.)
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29
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Huot S, Laflamme C, Fortin PR, Boilard E, Pouliot M. IgG-aggregates rapidly upregulate FcgRI expression at the surface of human neutrophils in a FcgRII-dependent fashion: A crucial role for FcgRI in the generation of reactive oxygen species. FASEB J 2020; 34:15208-15221. [PMID: 32946139 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001085r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune complexes are an important feature of several autoimmune diseases such as lupus, as they contribute to tissue damage through the activation of immune cells. Neutrophils, key players in lupus, interact with immune complexes through Fc gamma receptors (FcgR). Incubation of neutrophils with aggregated-IgGs caused degranulation and increased the surface expression of FcgRI within minutes in a concentration-dependent fashion. After 30 minutes, IgG aggregates (1 mg/mL) upregulated FcgRI by 4.95 ± 0.45-fold. FcgRI-positive neutrophils reached 67.24% ± 6.88% on HA-IgGs stimulated neutrophils, from 3.12% ± 1.62% in non-stimulated cells, ranking IgG-aggregates among the most potent known agonists. FcgRIIa, and possibly FcgRIIIa, appeared to mediate this upregulation. Also, FcgRI-dependent signaling proved necessary for reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in response to IgG-aggregates. Finally, combinations of bacterial materials with aggregates dramatically boosted ROS production. This work suggests FcgRI as an essential component in the response of human neutrophils to immune complexes leading to the production of ROS, which may help explain how neutrophils contribute to tissue damage associated with immune complex-associated diseases, such as lupus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Huot
- Département de microbiologie et immunologie, Faculté de Médecine de l'Université Laval, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.,Axe maladies infectieuses et immunitaires, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Cynthia Laflamme
- Département de microbiologie et immunologie, Faculté de Médecine de l'Université Laval, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.,Axe maladies infectieuses et immunitaires, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Paul R Fortin
- Axe maladies infectieuses et immunitaires, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.,Division de Rhumatologie, Département de Médecine, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Eric Boilard
- Département de microbiologie et immunologie, Faculté de Médecine de l'Université Laval, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.,Axe maladies infectieuses et immunitaires, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Marc Pouliot
- Département de microbiologie et immunologie, Faculté de Médecine de l'Université Laval, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.,Axe maladies infectieuses et immunitaires, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
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30
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Lu Y, Huang Y, Huang L, Xu Y, Wang Z, Li H, Zhang T, Zhong M, Gao WQ, Zhang Y. CD16 expression on neutrophils predicts treatment efficacy of capecitabine in colorectal cancer patients. BMC Immunol 2020; 21:46. [PMID: 32770940 PMCID: PMC7414545 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-020-00375-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early detection of capecitabine-resistance could largely increase overall survival of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Previous studies suggested examination of immune cells in peripheral blood would help to predict efficacy of chemotherapy. Methods We examined the immunological characteristics of peripheral blood in CRC patients with capecitabine treatment. We analyzed the relationships between the abnormal immune cell population in capecitabine-resistance patients and major clinical features. Furthermore, RNA sequencing, analyses of cell surface marker expression and the correlations with other major immune cell populations were performed using this population to explore the possible function of these cells. Results The expression level of CD16 on neutrophils was down-regulated in capecitabine-resistant CRC patients. Patients with CD16low/−neutrophils after capecitabine therapy had adverse clinical features. What’s important, the change of CD16 expression level on neutrophils appeared much earlier than CT scan. RNA sequencing revealed that CD16low/−neutrophils in capecitabine-resistant patients had lower expression level of neutrophil-related genes, compared to CD16+neutrophils in capecitabine-sensitive patients, suggesting this CD16low/−population might be immature neutrophils. Furthermore, the expression level of CD16 on neutrophils in patients with capecitabine treatment was positively correlated with the number of anti-tumor immune cell subsets, such as CD8+T cell, CD4+T cell, NK cell and monocyte. Conclusions Our findings indicated that CD16 expression on neutrophils in peripheral blood was a good prognostic marker for predicting efficacy of capecitabine in CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Stem Cell Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yizhou Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Med-X Research Institute & School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanjie Xu
- Med-X Research Institute & School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zien Wang
- Med-X Research Institute & School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Li
- Med-X Research Institute & School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Med-X Research Institute & School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Zhong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wei-Qiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Stem Cell Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China. .,Med-X Research Institute & School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Stem Cell Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China. .,Med-X Research Institute & School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
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31
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Chenoweth AM, Wines BD, Anania JC, Mark Hogarth P. Harnessing the immune system via FcγR function in immune therapy: a pathway to next-gen mAbs. Immunol Cell Biol 2020; 98:287-304. [PMID: 32157732 PMCID: PMC7228307 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The human fragment crystallizable (Fc)γ receptor (R) interacts with antigen‐complexed immunoglobulin (Ig)G ligands to both activate and modulate a powerful network of inflammatory host‐protective effector functions that are key to the normal physiology of immune resistance to pathogens. More than 100 therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are approved or in late stage clinical trials, many of which harness the potent FcγR‐mediated effector systems to varying degrees. This is most evident for antibodies targeting cancer cells inducing antibody‐dependent killing or phagocytosis but is also true to some degree for the mAbs that neutralize or remove small macromolecules such as cytokines or other Igs. The use of mAb therapeutics has also revealed a “scaffolding” role for FcγR which, in different contexts, may either underpin the therapeutic mAb action such as immune agonism or trigger catastrophic adverse effects. The still unmet therapeutic need in many cancers, inflammatory diseases or emerging infections such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) requires increased effort on the development of improved and novel mAbs. A more mature appreciation of the immunobiology of individual FcγR function and the complexity of the relationships between FcγRs and antibodies is fueling efforts to develop more potent “next‐gen” therapeutic antibodies. Such development strategies now include focused glycan or protein engineering of the Fc to increase affinity and/or tailor specificity for selective engagement of individual activating FcγRs or the inhibitory FcγRIIb or alternatively, for the ablation of FcγR interaction altogether. This review touches on recent aspects of FcγR and IgG immunobiology and its relationship with the present and future actions of therapeutic mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia M Chenoweth
- Immune Therapies Laboratory, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College, London, UK
| | - Bruce D Wines
- Immune Therapies Laboratory, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Jessica C Anania
- Immune Therapies Laboratory, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - P Mark Hogarth
- Immune Therapies Laboratory, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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32
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Deveuve Q, Lajoie L, Barrault B, Thibault G. The Proteolytic Cleavage of Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibody Hinge Region: More Than a Matter of Subclass. Front Immunol 2020; 11:168. [PMID: 32117299 PMCID: PMC7026020 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The hinge region of immunoglobulin G (IgG) is involved in C1q and FcγRIIIA-expressing natural killer (NK) cell recruitment. Both heavy chains (HCs) of the hinge region can be cleaved sequentially by several proteases of the tumor/inflammatory/infectious microenvironment, including matrix metalloproteinase 12 (MMP12), or immunoglobulin-degrading enzyme from Streptococcus pyogenes (IdeS), impairing Fc-mediated functions. The cleavage of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (TmAbs), which are based on a human IgG1, IgG2 or IgG4 structure, has been poorly investigated, although it may represent an escape mechanism to these treatments. Therefore, we used non-reducing SDS-PAGE to compare the cleavage kinetics of five IgG1 TmAbs (trastuzumab, rituximab, cetuximab, infliximab, ipilimumab), one IgG2 TmAb (panitumumab), and two IgG4 TmAbs (nivolumab and pembrolizumab) by MMP12 and IdeS, which were found to cleave the first and second HCs with different kinetics. Panitumumab was more protease-resistant than IgG1 and IgG4 TmAbs. The latter were usually more protease-sensitive, whereas IgG1 TmAbs were usually cleaved with intermediate kinetics. However, we observed intra-subclass variability among IgG4 and IgG1 TmAbs. Nivolumab and pembrolizumab were cleaved similarly by MMP12, whereas pembrolizumab was more IdeS-resistant. Ipilimumab was more IdeS-sensitive and MMP12-resistant than the other IgG1 TmAbs, regardless of G1m allotype. In addition the Fc fragment of IgG1 TmAbs were highly resistant to cleavage by MMP12, whereas their cleavage kinetic by IdeS was very similar to that observed with the intact forms (excluding ipilimumab). Importantly, the cleavage kinetic of ipilimumab Fc fragment by IdeS was superimposable to that of trastuzumab, cetuximab and infliximab Fc fragment, showing that the variability observed for intact ipilimumab is unrelated to its Fc portion. We propose that the variability in the cleavage sensitivity/resistance balance among TmAbs of IgG1 and IgG4 subclasses results partially, from TmAb characteristics related to and/or located in the Fab region. Finally, with ELISA and flow cytometry, we observed that a single cleavage of IgG1 TmAbs greatly decreased their affinity for FcγRIIIA and C1q and their ability to induce FcγRIIIA-dependent functional responses of NK cells. Overall, our results indicate that the cleavage of the hinge region should be considered with TmAbs treatment and in the development of new molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Deveuve
- EA7501 Groupe Innovation et Ciblage Cellulaire, Equipe Fc Récepteurs, Anticorps et MicroEnvironnement, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Laurie Lajoie
- EA7501 Groupe Innovation et Ciblage Cellulaire, Equipe Fc Récepteurs, Anticorps et MicroEnvironnement, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Benjamin Barrault
- EA7501 Groupe Innovation et Ciblage Cellulaire, Equipe Fc Récepteurs, Anticorps et MicroEnvironnement, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Gilles Thibault
- EA7501 Groupe Innovation et Ciblage Cellulaire, Equipe Fc Récepteurs, Anticorps et MicroEnvironnement, Université de Tours, Tours, France.,Laboratoire d'Immunologie, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
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33
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Kerntke C, Nimmerjahn F, Biburger M. There Is (Scientific) Strength in Numbers: A Comprehensive Quantitation of Fc Gamma Receptor Numbers on Human and Murine Peripheral Blood Leukocytes. Front Immunol 2020; 11:118. [PMID: 32117269 PMCID: PMC7013094 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies are essential mediators of immunological defense mechanisms, are clinically used as therapeutic agents, but are also functionally involved in various immune-mediated disorders. Whereas IgG antibodies accomplish some of their biological tasks autonomously, many functions depend on their binding to activating and inhibitory Fcγ receptors (FcγR). From a qualitative point of view expression patterns of FcγR on immunologically relevant cell types are well-characterized both for mice and humans. Surprisingly, however, there is only quite limited information available on actual quantities of FcγR expressed by the different leukocyte populations. In this study we provide a comprehensive data set assessing quantitatively how many individual human and mouse FcγRs are expressed on B cells, NK cells, eosinophils, neutrophils, basophils and both classical, and non-classical monocytes under steady state conditions. Moreover, among human donors we found two groups with different expression levels of the inhibitory FcγRIIb on monocytes which appears to correlate with haplotypes of the activating FcγRIIIa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Kerntke
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Falk Nimmerjahn
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus Biburger
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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34
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Leite Pereira A, Bitoun S, Paoletti A, Nocturne G, Marcos Lopez E, Cosma A, Le Grand R, Mariette X, Tchitchek N. Characterization of Phenotypes and Functional Activities of Leukocytes From Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients by Mass Cytometry. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2384. [PMID: 31681279 PMCID: PMC6813461 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common autoimmune rheumatic disease and leads to persistent chronic inflammation. The pathophysiology of the disease is complex, involving both adaptive and innate immunity. Among innate immune cells, neutrophils have been rarely studied due to their sensitivity to freezing and they are not being collected after Ficoll purification. Methods: We used mass cytometry to perform a multidimensional phenotypic characterization of immune cells from RA-treated patients, which included the simultaneous study of 33 intra- or extra-cellular markers expressed by leukocytes. We were able to focus our study on innate immune cells, especially neutrophils, due to a specific fixation method before freezing. In addition, blood samples were stimulated or not with various TLR agonists to evaluate whether RA-dependent chronic inflammation can lead to immune-cell exhaustion. Results: We show that RA induces the presence of CD11blow neutrophils (33.7 and 9.2% of neutrophils in RA and controls, respectively) associated with the duration of disease. This subpopulation additionally exhibited heterogeneous expression of CD16. We also characterized a CD11ahigh Granzyme Bhigh T-cell subpopulation possibly associated with disease activity. There was no difference in cytokine expression after the stimulation of immune cells by TLR agonists between RA and controls. Conclusion: Mass cytometry and our fixation method allowed us to identify two potential new blood subpopulations of neutrophils and T-cells, which could be involved in RA pathology. The phenotypes of these two potential new subpopulations need to be confirmed using other experimental approaches, and the exact role of these subpopulations is yet to be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Leite Pereira
- CEA – Université Paris Sud 11 – INSERM U1184, Immunology of viral infections and autoimmune diseases, IDMIT Infrastructure, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Samuel Bitoun
- CEA – Université Paris Sud 11 – INSERM U1184, Immunology of viral infections and autoimmune diseases, IDMIT Infrastructure, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Department of Rheumatology, Hôpital Bicetre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Center for Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, INSERM U1184, Paris-Sud University, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Audrey Paoletti
- Department of Rheumatology, Hôpital Bicetre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Center for Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, INSERM U1184, Paris-Sud University, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Gaetane Nocturne
- Department of Rheumatology, Hôpital Bicetre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Center for Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, INSERM U1184, Paris-Sud University, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Ernesto Marcos Lopez
- CEA – Université Paris Sud 11 – INSERM U1184, Immunology of viral infections and autoimmune diseases, IDMIT Infrastructure, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Antonio Cosma
- CEA – Université Paris Sud 11 – INSERM U1184, Immunology of viral infections and autoimmune diseases, IDMIT Infrastructure, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Roger Le Grand
- CEA – Université Paris Sud 11 – INSERM U1184, Immunology of viral infections and autoimmune diseases, IDMIT Infrastructure, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Xavier Mariette
- CEA – Université Paris Sud 11 – INSERM U1184, Immunology of viral infections and autoimmune diseases, IDMIT Infrastructure, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Department of Rheumatology, Hôpital Bicetre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Center for Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, INSERM U1184, Paris-Sud University, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Nicolas Tchitchek
- CEA – Université Paris Sud 11 – INSERM U1184, Immunology of viral infections and autoimmune diseases, IDMIT Infrastructure, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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35
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Nagelkerke SQ, Schmidt DE, de Haas M, Kuijpers TW. Genetic Variation in Low-To-Medium-Affinity Fcγ Receptors: Functional Consequences, Disease Associations, and Opportunities for Personalized Medicine. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2237. [PMID: 31632391 PMCID: PMC6786274 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fc-gamma receptors (FcγR) are the cellular receptors for Immunoglobulin G (IgG). Upon binding of complexed IgG, FcγRs can trigger various cellular immune effector functions, thereby linking the adaptive and innate immune systems. In humans, six classic FcγRs are known: one high-affinity receptor (FcγRI) and five low-to-medium-affinity FcγRs (FcγRIIA, -B and -C, FcγRIIIA and -B). In this review we describe the five genes encoding the low-to-medium -affinity FcγRs (FCGR2A, FCGR2B, FCGR2C, FCGR3A, and FCGR3B), including well-characterized functionally relevant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), haplotypes as well as copy number variants (CNVs), which occur in distinct copy number regions across the locus. The evolution of the locus is also discussed. Importantly, we recommend a consistent nomenclature of genetic variants in the FCGR2/3 locus. Next, we focus on the relevance of genetic variation in the FCGR2/3 locus in auto-immune and auto-inflammatory diseases, highlighting pathophysiological insights that are informed by genetic association studies. Finally, we illustrate how specific FcγR variants relate to variation in treatment responses and prognosis amongst autoimmune diseases, cancer and transplant immunology, suggesting novel opportunities for personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sietse Q Nagelkerke
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Blood Cell Research, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Pediatric Hematology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - David E Schmidt
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Masja de Haas
- Sanquin Diagnostic Services, Department of Immunohematology Diagnostics, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Sanquin Research, Center for Clinical Transfusion Research, Leiden, Netherlands.,Jon J. van Rood Center for Clinical Transfusion Science, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.,Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Taco W Kuijpers
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Blood Cell Research, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Pediatric Hematology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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36
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Wang Y, Jönsson F. Expression, Role, and Regulation of Neutrophil Fcγ Receptors. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1958. [PMID: 31507592 PMCID: PMC6718464 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are best known for their critical role in host defense, for which they utilize multiple innate immune mechanisms, including microbe-associated pattern recognition, phagocytosis, production of reactive oxygen species, and the release of potent proteases, mediators, antimicrobials, and neutrophil extracellular traps. Beyond their well-established contribution to innate immunity, neutrophils were more recently reported to interact with various other cell types, including cells from the adaptive immune system, thereby enabling neutrophils to tune the overall immune response of the host. Neutrophils express different receptors for IgG antibodies (Fcγ receptors), which facilitate the engulfment of IgG-opsonized microbes and trigger cell activation upon cross-linking of several receptors. Indeed, FcγRs (via IgG antibodies) confer neutrophils with a key feature of the adaptive immunity: an antigen-specific cell response. This review summarizes the expression and function of FcγRs on human neutrophils in health and disease and how they are affected by polymorphisms in the FCGR loci. Additionally, we will discuss the role of neutrophils in providing help to marginal zone B cells for the production of antibodies, which in turn may trigger neutrophil effector functions when engaging FcγRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Unit of Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, Institut Pasteur, UMR 1222 INSERM, Paris, France
- Université Diderot Paris VII, PSL University, Paris, France
| | - Friederike Jönsson
- Unit of Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, Institut Pasteur, UMR 1222 INSERM, Paris, France
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37
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Del Bano J, Florès-Florès R, Josselin E, Goubard A, Ganier L, Castellano R, Chames P, Baty D, Kerfelec B. A Bispecific Antibody-Based Approach for Targeting Mesothelin in Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1593. [PMID: 31354732 PMCID: PMC6636429 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) remain a major medical challenge due to poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Mesothelin is a glycosyl-phosphatidyl inositol-linked membrane protein with restricted normal expression and high level expression in a large proportion of TNBC, thus qualifying as an attractive target. Its overexpression in breast tumors has been recently correlated with a decreased disease-free survival and an increase of distant metastases. The objective of the study was to investigate the relevance of a bispecific antibody-based immunotherapy approach through mesothelin targeting and CD16 engagement using a Fab-like bispecific format (MesobsFab). Using two TNBC cell lines with different level of surface mesothelin and epithelial/mesenchymal phenotypes, we showed that, in vitro, MesobsFab promotes the recruitment and penetration of NK cells into tumor spheroids, induces potent dose-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity of mesothelin-positive tumor cells, cytokine secretion, and decreases cell invasiveness. MesobsFab was able to induce cytotoxicity in resting human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), mainly through its NK cells-mediated antibody dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity. In vivo, the anti-tumor effect of MesobsFab depends upon a threshold of MSLN density on target cells. Collectively our data support mesothelin as a relevant therapeutic target for the subset of TNBC that overexpresses mesothelin characterized by a low overall and disease-free survival as well as the potential of MesobsFab as antibody-based immunotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanie Del Bano
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmette, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Rémy Florès-Florès
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille, UMR7288, Marseille, France
| | - Emmanuelle Josselin
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmette, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Armelle Goubard
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmette, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Laetitia Ganier
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmette, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Rémy Castellano
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmette, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Patrick Chames
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmette, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Daniel Baty
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmette, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Brigitte Kerfelec
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmette, CRCM, Marseille, France
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38
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Null donors favor prepared immunologists. Blood 2019; 133:1389-1390. [PMID: 30923104 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2019-01-898775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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