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Nersisyan S, Montenont E, Loher P, Middleton EA, Campbell R, Bray P, Rigoutsos I. Characterization of all small RNAs in and comparisons across cultured megakaryocytes and platelets of healthy individuals and COVID-19 patients. J Thromb Haemost 2023; 21:3252-3267. [PMID: 37558133 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The small noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs) in megakaryocytes (MKs) and platelets are not well characterized. Neither is the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the sncRNAs of platelets. OBJECTIVES To investigate the sorting of MK sncRNAs into platelets, and the differences in the platelet sncRNAomes of healthy donors (HDs) and COVID-19 patients. METHODS We comprehensively profiled sncRNAs from MKs cultured from cord blood-derived CD34+ cells, platelets from HDs, and platelets from patients with moderate and severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. We also comprehensively profiled Argonaute (AGO)-bound sncRNAs from the cultured MKs. RESULTS We characterized the sncRNAs in MKs and platelets and can account for ∼95% of all sequenced reads. We found that MKs primarily comprise microRNA isoforms (isomiRs), tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs), rRNA-derived fragments (rRFs), and Y RNA-derived fragments (yRFs) in comparable abundances. The platelets of HDs showed a skewed distribution by comparison: 56.7% of all sncRNAs are yRFs, 34.4% are isomiRs, and <2.0% are tRFs and rRFs. Most isomiRs in MKs and platelets are either noncanonical, nontemplated, or both. When comparing MKs and platelets from HDs, we found numerous isomiRs, tRFs, rRFs, and yRFs showing opposite enrichments or depletions, including molecules from the same parental miRNA arm, tRNA, rRNA, or Y RNA. The sncRNAome of platelets from patients with COVID-19 is skewed compared to that of HDs with only 19.8% of all sncRNAs now being yRFs, isomiRs increasing to 63.6%, and tRFs and rRFs more than tripling their presence to 6.1%. CONCLUSION The sncRNAomes of MKs and platelets are very rich and more complex than it has been believed. The evidence suggests complex mechanisms that sort MK sncRNAs into platelets. SARS-CoV-2 infection acutely alters the contents of platelets by changing the relative proportions of their sncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stepan Nersisyan
- Computational Medicine Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Emilie Montenont
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Phillipe Loher
- Computational Medicine Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Middleton
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA; Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Robert Campbell
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA; Division of General Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Paul Bray
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA; Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Isidore Rigoutsos
- Computational Medicine Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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Larsson SM, Ulinder T, Rakow A, Vanpee M, Wackernagel D, Sävman K, Hansen-Pupp I, Hellström A, Ley D, Andersson O. Hyper high haemoglobin content in red blood cells and erythropoietic transitions postnatally in infants of 22 to 26 weeks' gestation: a prospective cohort study. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2023; 108:612-616. [PMID: 37169579 PMCID: PMC10646872 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2022-325248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Blood cell populations, including red blood cells (RBC) unique to the extremely preterm (EPT) infant, are potentially lost due to frequent clinical blood sampling during neonatal intensive care. Currently, neonatal RBC population heterogeneity is not described by measurement of total haemoglobin or haematocrit. We therefore aimed to describe a subpopulation of large RBCs with hyper high haemoglobin content, >49 pg (Hyper-He) following EPT birth. DESIGN Prospective observational cohort study. SETTING Two Swedish study centres. PARTICIPANTS Infants (n=62) born between gestational weeks 22+0 to 26+6. METHODS Prospective data (n=280) were collected from March 2020 to September 2022 as part of an ongoing randomised controlled trial. Blood was sampled from the umbilical cord, at postnatal day 1-14, 1 month, 40 weeks' postmenstrual age and at 3 months' corrected age. RESULTS At birth, there was a considerable inter-individual variation; Hyper-He ranging from 1.5% to 24.9% (median 7.0%). An inverse association with birth weight and gestational age was observed; Spearman's rho (CI) -0.38 (-0.63 to -0.07) and -0.39 (-0.65 to -0.05), respectively. Overall, Hyper-He rapidly decreased, only 0.6%-5.0% (median 2.2%) remaining 2 weeks postnatally. Adult levels (<1%) were reached at corresponding term age. CONCLUSION Our results point to gestational age and birth weight-dependent properties of the RBC population. Future work needs to verify results by different measurement techniques and elucidate the potential role of differing properties between endogenous and transfused RBCs in relation to neonatal morbidities during this important time frame of child development. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04239690.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Marie Larsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Paediatrics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Hospital of Halland, Varberg/Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Tommy Ulinder
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Paediatrics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Neonatology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund/Malmö, Sweden
| | - Alexander Rakow
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mireille Vanpee
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dirk Wackernagel
- Department for Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neonatology, Johannes von Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Karin Sävman
- Department of Paediatrics, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Hansen-Pupp
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Paediatrics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Neonatology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund/Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ann Hellström
- The Sahlgrenska Centre for Paediatric Ophtalmology Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - David Ley
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Paediatrics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Neonatology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund/Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ola Andersson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Paediatrics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Neonatology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund/Malmö, Sweden
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Weiss LJ, Drayss M, Mott K, Beck S, Unsin D, Just B, Speer CP, Härtel C, Andres O, Schulze H. Ontogenesis of functional platelet subpopulations from preterm and term neonates to adulthood: The PLINIUS study. Blood Adv 2023; 7:4334-4348. [PMID: 37042931 PMCID: PMC10432615 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023009824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Erythrocytes undergo a well-defined switch from fetal to postnatal circulation, which is mainly reflected by the stage-specific expression of hemoglobin chains. Perinatal alterations in thrombopoiesis are poorly understood. We assessed the ontogenesis of platelet phenotype and function from early prematurity to adulthood. We recruited 64 subjects comprising 7 extremely preterm (27-31 weeks gestational age), 25 moderately preterm (32-36 weeks), 10 term neonates, 8 infants (<2 years), 5 children (2-13 years), and 9 adults (>13 years). Blood was withdrawn at up to 3 different time points in neonates (t1: 0-2, t2: 3-7, and t3: 8-14 days after birth). We found that the expression levels of the major surface receptors for fibrinogen, collagen, vWF, fibronectin, and laminin were reduced but correlated with decreased platelet size, indicating a normal surface density. Although CD62P and CD63 surface exposure upon stimulation with TRAP-6, ADP, or U46619 was unaltered or only slightly reduced in neonates, GPIIb/IIIa inside-out and outside-in activation was blunted but showed a continuous increase until adulthood, correlating with the expression of the GPIIb/IIIa regulating tetraspanin CD151. Platelet subpopulation analysis using automated clustering revealed that neonates presented with a CD63+/PAC-1- pattern, followed by a continuous increase in CD63+/PAC-1+ platelets until adulthood. Our findings revealed that the number of platelet-monocyte and platelet-neutrophil aggregates, but not platelet-lymphocyte aggregates, is increased in neonates and that neonatal aggregate formation depends in part on CD62P activation. Our PLatelets In Neonatal Infants Study (PLINIUS) provides several lines of evidence that the platelet phenotype and function evolve continuously from neonates to adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas J. Weiss
- University Hospital Würzburg, Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maria Drayss
- University Hospital Würzburg, Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kristina Mott
- University Hospital Würzburg, Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Beck
- University Hospital Würzburg, Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, Würzburg, Germany
- University of Würzburg, Rudolf Virchow Center, Würzburg, Germany
| | - David Unsin
- University Hospital Würzburg, Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bastian Just
- University Hospital Würzburg, Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christian P. Speer
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Härtel
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Andres
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- University Hospital Würzburg, Center of Inherited Blood Cell Disorders, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Harald Schulze
- University Hospital Würzburg, Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, Würzburg, Germany
- University Hospital Würzburg, Center of Inherited Blood Cell Disorders, Würzburg, Germany
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Gelon L, Fromont L, Lefrançais E. Occurrence and role of lung megakaryocytes in infection and inflammation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1029223. [PMID: 36524131 PMCID: PMC9745136 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1029223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Megakaryocytes (MKs) are large cells giving rise to platelets. It is well established that in adults, MKs develop from hematopoietic stem cells and reside in the bone marrow. MKs are also rare but normal constituents of the venous blood returning to the lungs, and MKs are found in the lung vasculature (MKcirc), suggesting that these cells are migrants from the bone marrow and get trapped in lung capillaries where the final steps of platelet production can occur. An unprecedented increase in the number of lung and circulating MKs was described in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, suggesting that lung thrombopoiesis may be increased during lung infection and/or thromboinflammation. In addition to the population of platelet-producing intravascular MKs in the lung, a population of lung-resident megakaryocytes (MKL) has been identified and presents a specific immune signature compared to its bone marrow counterparts. Recent single-cell analysis and intravital imaging have helped us gain a better understanding of these populations in mouse and human. This review aims at summarizing the recent data on increased occurrence of lung MKs and discusses their origin, specificities, and potential role in homeostasis and inflammatory and infectious lung diseases. Here, we address remaining questions, controversies, and methodologic challenges for further studies of both MKcirc and MKL.
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Puhm F, Boilard E. Megakaryocytes and platelets embrace diversity in face of adversity. J Thromb Haemost 2022; 20:1947-1950. [PMID: 35656911 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Puhm
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
- Université Laval and Centre de recherche ARThrite, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Eric Boilard
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
- Université Laval and Centre de recherche ARThrite, Québec, QC, Canada
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