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Siewe N, Friedman A. Treatment of leishmaniasis with chemotherapy and vaccine: a mathematical model. JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL DYNAMICS 2023; 17:2257746. [PMID: 37733407 DOI: 10.1080/17513758.2023.2257746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis, an infectious disease, manifests itself mostly in two forms, cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) and, a more severe and potentially deadly form, visceral leishmaniasis (VL). The current control strategy for leishmaniasis relies on chemotherapy drugs such as sodium antimony gluconate (SAG) and meglumine antimoniate (MA). However, all these chemotherapy compounds have poor efficacy, and they are associated with toxicity and other adverse effects, as well as drug resistance. While research in vaccine development for leishmaniasis is continuously progressing, no vaccine is currently available. However, some experimental vaccines such as LEISH-F1+MPL-SE (V) have demonstrated some efficacy when used as drugs for CL patients. In this paper we use a mathematical model to address the following question: To what extent vaccine shots can enhance the efficacy of standard chemotherapy treatment of leishmaniasis? Starting with standard MA treatment of leishmaniasis and combining it with three injections of V , we find, by Day 84, that efficacy increased from 29% to 65-91% depending on the amount of the vaccine. With two or just one injection of V , efficacy is still very high, but there is a definite resurgence of the disease by end-time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nourridine Siewe
- School of Mathematical Sciences, College of Science, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Avner Friedman
- Department of Mathematics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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2
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Liu H, Yang C, Gao Y, Zhang X, Wang M, Yu X, Wang W, Xie L, Tang P, Yin X, Bai C, Zhang L. Macrophage-based delivery of anti-fibrotic proteins alleviates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10555. [PMID: 37693057 PMCID: PMC10486326 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal interstitial lung disease characterized by chronic, progressive, and fibrotic lung injury. Although remarkable progress has been made toward understanding the pathogenesis of PF, finding more effective treatments for this fatal disease remains a challenge. In this study, we describe an innovative macrophage-based approach to deliver anti-fibrotic protein to the lung and inhibit PF in a mouse model of bleomycin (BLM)-induced lung injury. We engineered macrophages to continuously secrete three types of proteins: interleukin-10, which prevents inflammation; TGFRcFc, a soluble truncated TGF-βR2 that blocks TGF-β; and CD147, which induces matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and causes collagen degradation. Infusing these engineered macrophages into the lungs of BLM-induced PF mouse models in an optimal pattern significantly ameliorated PF in mice. Specifically, the most effective therapeutic outcome was achieved by infusing IL-10-secreting macrophages on day 1, followed by TGFRcFc-secreting macrophages on day 7 and CD147-secreting macrophages on day 14 into the same mice after BLM treatment. Our data suggest that macrophage-based delivery of anti-fibrotic proteins to the lungs is a promising therapy for fibrotic lung disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Liu
- College of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, The 8th Medical CentreChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Medical School of Chinese PLABeijingChina
| | - Cuiping Yang
- College of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, The 8th Medical CentreChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Medical School of Chinese PLABeijingChina
| | - Yun Gao
- College of Pharmaceutical and Biological EngineeringShenyang University of Chemical TechnologyShenyangLiaoningChina
| | - Xueli Zhang
- Department of PathologyThe 5th Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Min Wang
- Graduate School of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianLiaoningChina
| | - Xinting Yu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine307 Clinical College, Anhui Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Weidong Wang
- Medical School of Chinese PLABeijingChina
- Research Center of BioengineeringThe Medical Innovation Research Division of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Lixin Xie
- College of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, The 8th Medical CentreChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Medical School of Chinese PLABeijingChina
| | - Ping Tang
- Department of RespiratoryShenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical AcademyShenzhenChina
| | - Xiushan Yin
- College of Pharmaceutical and Biological EngineeringShenyang University of Chemical TechnologyShenyangLiaoningChina
- RocRock Biotechnology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd.ShenzhenChina
| | - Changqing Bai
- Department of RespiratoryShenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical AcademyShenzhenChina
| | - Luo Zhang
- Medical School of Chinese PLABeijingChina
- Research Center of BioengineeringThe Medical Innovation Research Division of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
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Castillo-Ruiz A, Cisternas CD, Sturgeon H, Forger NG. Birth triggers an inflammatory response in the neonatal periphery and brain. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 104:122-136. [PMID: 35661680 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Birth is preceded by inflammation at the fetal/maternal interface. Additionally, the newborn experiences stimuli that under any other circumstance could elicit an immune response. It is unknown, however, whether birth elicits an inflammatory response in the newborn that extends to the brain. Moreover, it is unknown whether birth mode may alter such a response. To study these questions, we first measured corticosterone and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in plasma of mouse offspring at several timepoints spaced closely before and after a vaginal or Cesarean birth. We found highest levels of IL-6 one day before birth and surges in corticosterone and IL-10 just after birth, regardless of birth mode. We next examined the neuroimmune response by measuring cytokine mRNA expression and microglial number and morphology in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and hippocampus around the time of birth. We found a marked increase in TNF-α expression in both brain regions a day after birth, and rapid increases in microglial cell number in the first three days postnatal, with subtle differences by birth mode. To test whether the association between birth and cytokine production or expansion of microglia is causal, we manipulated birth timing. Remarkably, advancing birth by a day advanced the increases in all of the markers tested. Thus, birth triggers an immune response in the body and brain of offspring. Our results may provide a mechanism for effects of birth (e.g., acute changes in cell death and neural activation) previously reported in the newborn brain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carla D Cisternas
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra INIMEC-CONICET-UNC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Hannah Sturgeon
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA
| | - Nancy G Forger
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA
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Impact of Primary RPE Cells in a Porcine Organotypic Co-Cultivation Model. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12070990. [PMID: 35883547 PMCID: PMC9313304 DOI: 10.3390/biom12070990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathological events of age-related macular degeneration are characterized by degenerative processes involving the photoreceptor cells, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), and the Bruch's membrane as well as choroidal alterations. To mimic in vivo interactions between photoreceptor cells and RPE cells ex vivo, complex models are required. Hence, the aim of this study was to establish a porcine organotypic co-cultivation model and enlighten the interactions of photoreceptor and RPE cells, with a special emphasis on potential neuroprotective effects. Porcine neuroretina explants were cultured with primary porcine RPE cells (ppRPE) or medium derived from these cells (=conditioned medium). Neuroretina explants cultured alone served as controls. After eight days, RT-qPCR and immunohistology were performed to analyze photoreceptors, synapses, macroglia, microglia, complement factors, and pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL1B, IL6, TNF) in the neuroretina samples. The presence of ppRPE cells preserved photoreceptors, whereas synaptical density was unaltered. Interestingly, on an immunohistological as well as on an mRNA level, microglia and complement factors were comparable in all groups. Increased IL6 levels were noted in ppRPE and conditioned medium samples, while TNF was only upregulated in the ppRPE group. IL1B was elevated in conditioned medium samples. In conclusion, a co-cultivation of ppRPE cells and neuroretina seem to have beneficial effects on the neuroretina, preserving photoreceptors and maintaining synaptic vesicles in vitro. This organotypic co-cultivation model can be used to investigate the complex interactions between the retina and RPE cells, gain further insight into neurodegenerative pathomechanisms occurring in retinal diseases, and evaluate potential therapeutics.
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Matsuda M, Inaba M, Hamaguchi J, Tomita H, Omori M, Shimora H, Sakae H, Kitatani K, Nabe T. Local IL-10 replacement therapy was effective for steroid-insensitive asthma in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 110:109037. [PMID: 35810490 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Subgroups of patients with severe asthma showing marked increases in sputum eosinophils and/or neutrophils are insensitive to corticosteroids. Previous reports have shown that exogenous administration of an anti-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin (IL)-10 negatively regulated both eosinophilic and neutrophilic migration into tissues. The objective of this study was to elucidate whether intratracheal IL-10 administration suppresses asthmatic responses in a steroid-insensitive model of mice. Ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized BALB/c mice were intratracheally challenged with OVA at 500 µg/animal four times. Dexamethasone (1 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) or IL-10 (25 ng/mouse, intratracheal) was administered during the multiple challenges. The number of leukocytes, expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and IL-10 receptor in the lung, and the development of airway remodeling and hyperresponsiveness were evaluated after the fourth challenge. Consistent with our previous study, dexamethasone hardly suppressed the development of airway remodeling and hyperresponsiveness. Although intratracheal IL-10 administration did not affect the development of airway remodeling, the infiltration of eosinophils and neutrophils, and the development of airway hyperresponsiveness were significantly inhibited. Moreover, IL-10 administration significantly decreased the numbers of ICAM-1+ and VCAM-1+ pulmonary vascular endothelial cells, which express IL-10 receptor 1, even though neither production of eosinophilic nor neutrophilic cytokines in the lung was inhibited. Therefore, IL-10 can suppress eosinophil and neutrophil infiltration by inhibiting the proliferation of ICAM-1+ and VCAM-1+ pulmonary vascular endothelial cells, resulting in inhibition of airway hyperresponsiveness in steroid-insensitive asthmatic mice. IL-10 replacement therapy may be clinically useful for the treatment of steroid-insensitive asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Matsuda
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Miki Inaba
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Junpei Hamaguchi
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiro Tomita
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Miyu Omori
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hayato Shimora
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Harumi Sakae
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Kitatani
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nabe
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Osaka, Japan.
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Global Stability and Thermal Optimal Control Strategies for Hyperthermia Treatment of Malignant Tumors. MATHEMATICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/math10132188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Malignant tumor (cancer) is the leading cause of death globally and the annual cost of managing cancer is trillions of dollars. Although, there are established therapies including radiotherapy, chemotherapy and phototherapy for malignant tumors, the hypoxic environment of tumors and poor perfusion act as barriers to these therapies. Hyperthermia takes advantage of oxygen deficiency and irregular perfusion in the tumor environment to destroy malignant cells. Despite successes recorded with hyperthermia, there are concerns with the post-treatment condition of patients as well as the required thermal dose to prevent harm. The investigation of the dynamics of tumor-induced immune suppression with hyperthermia treatment using mathematical analysis and optimal control theory is potentially valuable in the development of hyperthermia treatment. The role of novel tumor-derived cytokines in counterattacking immune cells is considered in this study as a mechanism accounting for the aggressiveness of malignant tumors. Since biological processes are not instantaneous, a discrete time delay is used to model biological processes involved in tumor inhibitory mechanisms by secretion, the elaboration of suppressive cells, and effector cell differentiation to produce suppressive cells. Analytical results obtained using Lyapunov’s function indicate the conditions required for global stability of the tumor-present steady-state. A thermal optimal control strategy is pursued based on optimal control theory, and the best strategy to avoid adverse outcomes is obtained. We validate the analytical results numerically and demonstrate the impact of both inadequate and excessive heat on the dynamics of interactive cell functioning.
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Gao T, Huang F, Wang W, Xie Y, Wang B. Interleukin-10 genetically modified clinical-grade mesenchymal stromal cells markedly reinforced functional recovery after spinal cord injury via directing alternative activation of macrophages. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2022; 27:27. [PMID: 35300585 PMCID: PMC8931978 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-022-00325-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background After spinal cord injury (SCI), dysregulated or nonresolving inflammatory processes can severely disturb neuronal homeostasis and drive neurodegeneration. Although mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-based therapies have showed certain therapeutic efficacy, no MSC therapy has reached its full clinical goal. In this study, we examine interleukin-10 (IL10) genetically modified clinical-grade MSCs (IL10-MSCs) and evaluate their clinical safety, effectiveness, and therapeutic mechanism in a completely transected SCI mouse model. Methods We established stable IL10-overexpressing human umbilical-cord-derived MSCs through electric transduction and screened out clinical-grade IL10-MSCs according to the criteria of cell-based therapeutic products, which were applied to mice with completely transected SCI by repeated tail intravenous injections. Then we comprehensively investigated the motor function, histological structure, and nerve regeneration in SCI mice, and further explored the potential therapeutic mechanism after IL10-MSC treatment. Results IL10-MSC treatment markedly reinforced locomotor improvement, accompanied with decreased lesion volume, regeneration of axons, and preservation of neurons, compared with naïve unmodified MSCs. Further, IL10-MSC transplantation increased the ratio of microglia to infiltrated alternatively activated macrophages (M2), and reduced the ratio of classically activated macrophages (M1) at the injured spinal cord, meanwhile increasing the percentage of Treg and Th2 cells, and reducing the percentage of Th1 cells in the peripheral circulatory system. In addition, IL10-MSC administration could prevent apoptosis and promote neuron differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) under inflammatory conditions in vitro. Conclusions IL10-MSCs exhibited a reliable safety profile and demonstrated promising therapeutic efficacy in SCI compared with naïve MSCs, providing solid support for future clinical application of genetically engineered MSCs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s11658-022-00325-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyun Gao
- Center for Clinic Stem Cell Research, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feifei Huang
- Center for Clinic Stem Cell Research, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenqing Wang
- Center for Clinic Stem Cell Research, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xie
- Center for Clinic Stem Cell Research, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Center for Clinic Stem Cell Research, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China.
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Benakis C, Simats A, Tritschler S, Heindl S, Besson-Girard S, Llovera G, Pinkham K, Kolz A, Ricci A, Theis FJ, Bittner S, Gökce Ö, Peters A, Liesz A. T cells modulate the microglial response to brain ischemia. eLife 2022; 11:82031. [PMID: 36512388 PMCID: PMC9747154 DOI: 10.7554/elife.82031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation after stroke is characterized by the activation of resident microglia and the invasion of circulating leukocytes into the brain. Although lymphocytes infiltrate the brain in small number, they have been consistently demonstrated to be the most potent leukocyte subpopulation contributing to secondary inflammatory brain injury. However, the exact mechanism of how this minimal number of lymphocytes can profoundly affect stroke outcome is still largely elusive. Here, using a mouse model for ischemic stroke, we demonstrated that early activation of microglia in response to stroke is differentially regulated by distinct T cell subpopulations - with TH1 cells inducing a type I INF signaling in microglia and regulatory T cells (TREG) cells promoting microglial genes associated with chemotaxis. Acute treatment with engineered T cells overexpressing IL-10 administered into the cisterna magna after stroke induces a switch of microglial gene expression to a profile associated with pro-regenerative functions. Whereas microglia polarization by T cell subsets did not affect the acute development of the infarct volume, these findings substantiate the role of T cells in stroke by polarizing the microglial phenotype. Targeting T cell-microglia interactions can have direct translational relevance for further development of immune-targeted therapies for stroke and other neuroinflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Benakis
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, LMU MunichMunichGermany
| | - Alba Simats
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, LMU MunichMunichGermany
| | - Sophie Tritschler
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum MünchenNeuherbergGermany
| | - Steffanie Heindl
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, LMU MunichMunichGermany
| | - Simon Besson-Girard
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, LMU MunichMunichGermany
| | - Gemma Llovera
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, LMU MunichMunichGermany
| | - Kelsey Pinkham
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, LMU MunichMunichGermany
| | - Anna Kolz
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, LMU MunichMunichGermany
| | - Alessio Ricci
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, LMU MunichMunichGermany
| | - Fabian J Theis
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum MünchenNeuherbergGermany
| | - Stefan Bittner
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), RhineMain Neuroscience Network (rmn(2)), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University MainzMainzGermany
| | - Özgün Gökce
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, LMU MunichMunichGermany,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy)MunichGermany
| | - Anneli Peters
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, LMU MunichMunichGermany,Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, LMU MunichMunichGermany
| | - Arthur Liesz
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, LMU MunichMunichGermany,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy)MunichGermany
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Tian L, Yu Q, Liu D, Chen Z, Zhang Y, Lu J, Ma X, Huang F, Han J, Wei L, Zhang L, Gao J, Wang L, Fu R. Epithelial-mesenchymal Transition of Peritoneal Mesothelial Cells Is Enhanced by M2c Macrophage Polarization. Immunol Invest 2021; 51:301-315. [PMID: 34490837 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2020.1828911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peritoneal fibrosis (PF) can reduce the efficiency of peritoneal dialysis and eventually lead to ultrafiltration failure. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of peritoneal mesothelial cells (PMCs) is the start of PF. Macrophages are involved in the process. This study was to investigate the effect of macrophage polarization on EMT of PMCs. METHODS Monocyte-macrophage cells (THP-1) were treated to induce macrophage subsets (M1, M2a, M2c). The inducing was assessed by detecting protein and mRNA expression of cytokines using ELISA and RT-PCR. Subsequently, PMCs were co-cultured with M1, M2a and M2c, respectively, in Transwell chambers for 48 h and then expressions of E-cadherin and α-SMA were determined in PMCs. The PMCs that were not co-cultured with macrophages served as control PMCs. One-way ANOVA and SNK-q test were used to conduct statistics and P < .05 as significant. RESULTS Detection of the cytokines, including IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, TGF-β1, CCL17 and CXCL13, verified that the inducting of macrophage subtypes was successful. Compared to control, E-cadherin protein expression was significantly decreased and α-SMA protein expression increased in M1-treated PMCs (P < .05); M2a-treated PMCs had an increased gene expression of α-SMA (P < .05); E-cadherin protein and gene expression were decreased and α-SMA protein and gene expression increased significantly in M2c-treated PMCs (P < .05 or P < .01). CONCLUSIONS EMT of PMCs is enhanced by M2c macrophage polarization; meanwhile, M1 and M2a polarization may have the effect to some extent, but not as definite as M2c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Tian
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Qiaoling Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Zhao Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Yuzhan Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Jiamei Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqin Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Fumeng Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Jin Han
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Lingting Wei
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Medical Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Rongguo Fu
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
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Cameron AD, Even KM, Linardi RL, Berglund AK, Schnabel LV, Engiles JB, Ortved KF. Adeno-Associated Virus-Mediated Overexpression of Interleukin-10 Affects the Immunomodulatory Properties of Equine Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Hum Gene Ther 2021; 32:907-918. [PMID: 33843261 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2020.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Joint injury can cause posttraumatic inflammation, which if severe enough can lead to posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA), a progressive and debilitating condition. Posttraumatic inflammation is characterized by an influx of T lymphocytes and upregulation of inflammatory cytokines and degradative enzymes by activated chondrocytes and synoviocytes. Intra-articular bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (BM-MSC) injection for the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) has been of interest due to the immunomodulatory properties of these cells. Interleukin (IL)-10, a potent immunomodulatory cytokine, has also been investigated as an OA therapeutic. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the combinatorial effects of BM-MSCs and IL-10 in OA using a gene therapy approach. We hypothesized that BM-MSCs overexpressing IL-10 would have superior immunomodulatory effects leading to increased suppression of T cell proliferation and decreased production of proinflammatory cytokines, providing protection of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in a stimulated, co-culture OA model. Treatment groups included the following: untransduced BM-MSC, adeno-associated virus (AAV)-IL10-transduced BM-MSC, and AAV-null transduced BM-MSC, which were unstimulated or stimulated with IL-1β/tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). T cell proliferation was significantly decreased by the presence of BM-MSCs, especially when these BM-MSCs were AAV transduced. There was no significant difference in T cell suppression when cells were cultured with AAV-IL10-transduced or AAV-null transduced BM-MSCs. AAV transduction itself was associated with decreased synthesis of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. Expression of IL-1β and MMP13 was downregulated in AAV-transduced BM-MSCs and MMP13 expression was downregulated in cartilage explants co-cultured with AAV-transduced BM-MSCs. Despite mitigation of some proinflammatory cascades, rescue of ECM loss, as determined by glycosaminoglycan quantification and histological evaluation, did not occur in either AAV-IL10-transduced or AAV-null transduced co-cultures. Although IL-10 overexpression may enhance BM-MSC-mediated T cell suppression, we did not observe significant modulation of inflammation-driven cartilage degradation in cultures containing AAV-IL10-transduced BM-MSCs. AAV transduction itself does appear to affect paracrine signaling by BM-MSCs, which warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley D Cameron
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kayla M Even
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Renata L Linardi
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alix K Berglund
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lauren V Schnabel
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Julie B Engiles
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kyla F Ortved
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, USA
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11
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Arruda NM, Braz LG, Nogueira FR, Souza KM, Aun AG, Figueiredo DB, Lara JR, Silva MAP, Golim MA, de Carvalho LR, Braz JRC, Braz MG. Inflammation and DNA damage induction in surgical patients maintained with desflurane anesthesia. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2019; 846:403073. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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12
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Arendt M, Elissa J, Schmidt N, Michael E, Potter N, Cook M, Knoll LJ. Investigating the role of interleukin 10 on Eimeria intestinal pathogenesis in broiler chickens. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2019; 218:109934. [PMID: 31520870 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2019.109934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Eimeria species are intestinal protozoan parasites that cause lack of production, malabsorption and mortality in floor raised chickens. Administering an oral antibody to interleukin 10 (aIL-10) reduces the symptoms of coccidiosis in broilers, indicating interleukin 10 (IL-10) is key to Eimeria pathology. IL-10 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine and acts as a stand down signal to reduce inflammation and host pathology during disease. Related protozoan parasites exploit IL-10 to reduce pathogen-damaging host inflammatory responses. We hypothesize that IL-10 is increased during Eimeria infection through an unknown host-pathogen interaction, and by feeding aIL-10 to neutralize excess IL-10 the bird is allowed to mount an effective immune response to Eimeria. To determine the effects of aIL-10 during the intestinal immune response, intestinal pathology and the relationship between IL-10, interferon gamma (IFNγ) and Eimeria infection were evaluated in this study. In both experiments, broilers were administered either a 10x dose of Advent® Eimeria vaccine or saline. Duodenum, jejunum and cecum samples were collected, processed, stained and examined under a microscope. Evaluation of intestinal histomorphology during aIL-10 administration showed minimal differences in birds fed aIL-10 during infection compared to animals fed a control antibody during Eimeria infection. To further evaluate aIL-10's positive effect during infection, immunofluorescent histochemistry was performed on chicken intestines days 3-7 post Eimeria infection for IL-10 and IFNγ presence in intestinal mucosa in control and infected birds, in regions with and without visible Eimeria burden. IL-10 and IFNγ had significant changes between days 4.5-7 post-infection in birds fed aIL-10 compared to animals fed a control antibody. Overall we found that the duodenum had increased IL-10 presence and increased IFNγ presence, and the jejunum and cecum had decreased IL-10 presence and decreased IFNγ presence. These differences in spatial regulation of IL-10 and IFNγ may indicate Eimeria species induce slightly different cytokine responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Arendt
- University of Wisconsin - Madison, Comparative Biomedical Sciences Department, United States.
| | - Jonathan Elissa
- University of Wisconsin - Madison, School of Veterinary Medicine, United States
| | - Natalie Schmidt
- University of Wisconsin - Madison, Animal Science Department, United States
| | - Emily Michael
- University of Wisconsin - Madison, Animal Science Department, United States
| | - Nicole Potter
- University of Wisconsin - Madison, Animal Science Department, United States
| | - Mark Cook
- University of Wisconsin - Madison, Animal Science Department, United States
| | - Laura J Knoll
- University of Wisconsin - Madison, Medical Microbiology & Immunology Department, United States
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13
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Shamskhou EA, Kratochvil MJ, Orcholski ME, Nagy N, Kaber G, Steen E, Balaji S, Yuan K, Keswani S, Danielson B, Gao M, Medina C, Nathan A, Chakraborty A, Bollyky PL, De Jesus Perez VA. Hydrogel-based delivery of Il-10 improves treatment of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in mice. Biomaterials 2019; 203:52-62. [PMID: 30852423 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a life-threatening progressive lung disorder with limited therapeutic options. While interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a potent anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic cytokine, its utility in treating lung fibrosis has been limited by its short half-life. We describe an innovative hydrogel-based approach to deliver recombinant IL-10 to the lung for the prevention and reversal of pulmonary fibrosis in a mouse model of bleomycin-induced lung injury. Our studies show that a hyaluronan and heparin-based hydrogel system locally delivers IL-10 by capitalizing on the ability of heparin to reversibly bind IL-10 without bleeding or other complications. This formulation is significantly more effective than soluble IL-10 for both preventing and reducing collagen deposition in the lung parenchyma after 7 days of intratracheal administration. The anti-fibrotic effect of IL-10 in this system is dependent on suppression of TGF-β driven collagen production by lung fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. We conclude that hydrogel-based delivery of IL-10 to the lung is a promising therapy for fibrotic lung disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elya A Shamskhou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Michael J Kratochvil
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Mark E Orcholski
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Nadine Nagy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Gernot Kaber
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Emily Steen
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Swathi Balaji
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ke Yuan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Sundeep Keswani
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ben Danielson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Max Gao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Carlos Medina
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Abinaya Nathan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Ananya Chakraborty
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Paul L Bollyky
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Vinicio A De Jesus Perez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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14
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Bhowmick R, Derakhshan T, Liang Y, Ritchey J, Liu L, Gappa-Fahlenkamp H. A Three-Dimensional Human Tissue-Engineered Lung Model to Study Influenza A Infection. Tissue Eng Part A 2018; 24:1468-1480. [PMID: 29732955 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2017.0449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) claims ∼250,000-500,000 lives annually worldwide. Currently, there are a few in vitro models available to study IAV immunopathology. Monolayer cultures of cell lines and primary lung cells (two-dimensional [2D] cell culture) is the most commonly used tool, however, this system does not have the in vivo-like structure of the lung and immune responses to IAV as it lacks the three-dimensional (3D) tissue structure. To recapitulate the lung physiology in vitro, a system that contains multiple cell types within a 3D environment that allows cell movement and interaction would provide a critical tool. In this study, as a first step in designing a 3D-Human Tissue-Engineered Lung Model (3D-HTLM), we describe the 3D culture of primary human small airway epithelial cells (HSAEpCs) and determined the immunophenotype of this system in response to IAV infections. We constructed a 3D chitosan-collagen scaffold and cultured HSAEpCs on these scaffolds at air-liquid interface (ALI). These 3D cultures were compared with 2D-cultured HSAEpCs for viability, morphology, marker protein expression, and cell differentiation. Results showed that the 3D-cultured HSAEpCs at ALI yielded maximum viable cells and morphologically resembled the in vivo lower airway epithelium. There were also significant increases in aquaporin-5 and cytokeratin-14 expression for HSAEpCs cultured in 3D compared to 2D. The 3D culture system was used to study the infection of HSAEpCs with two major IAV strains, H1N1 and H3N2. The HSAEpCs showed distinct changes in marker protein expression, both at mRNA and protein levels, and the release of proinflammatory cytokines. This study is the first step in the development of the 3D-HTLM, which will have wide applicability in studying pulmonary pathophysiology and therapeutics development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudra Bhowmick
- 1 School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University , Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - Tahereh Derakhshan
- 1 School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University , Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - Yurong Liang
- 2 Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University , Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - Jerry Ritchey
- 3 Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University , Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - Lin Liu
- 2 Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University , Stillwater, Oklahoma
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15
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Pellerin L, Chen P, Gregori S, Hernandez-Hoyos G, Bacchetta R, Roncarolo MG. APVO210: A Bispecific Anti-CD86-IL-10 Fusion Protein (ADAPTIR™) to Induce Antigen-Specific T Regulatory Type 1 Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:881. [PMID: 29887861 PMCID: PMC5980965 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-10 is a potent immunosuppressive cytokine that promotes the differentiation of tolerogenic dendritic cells (DC-10), and the subsequent induction of antigen-specific T regulatory type 1 (Tr1) cells, which suppress immune responses. However, IL-10 acts on multiple cell types and its effects are not solely inhibitory, therefore, limiting its use as immunomodulant. APVO210 is a bispecific fusion protein composed of an anti-CD86 antibody fused with monomeric IL-10 (ADAPTIR™ from Aptevo Therapeutics). APVO210 specifically induces IL-10R signaling in CD86+ antigen-presenting cells, but not in T and B cells. In this study, we tested whether APVO210 promotes the differentiation of tolerogenic DC-10 and the differentiation of antigen-specific CD4+ Tr1 cells in vitro. We compared the effect of APVO210 with that of recombinant human (rh) IL-10 on the in vitro differentiation of DC-10, induction of alloantigen-specific anergic CD4+ T cells, enrichment in CD49b+LAG3+ Tr1 cells mediating antigen-specific suppression, and stability upon exposure to inflammatory cytokines. APVO210 induced the differentiation of tolerogenic DC (DC-A210) that produced high levels of IL-10, expressed CD86, HLA-G, and intermediate levels of CD14 and CD16. These DC-A210 induced alloantigen-specific anergic T-cell cultures (T-alloA210) that were enriched in CD49b+ LAG3+ Tr1 cells, produced high levels of IL-10, and had suppressive properties. The phenotype and high IL-10 production by DC-A210, and the alloantigen-specific anergy of T-alloA210 were preserved upon exposure to the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. The effects of APVO210 were comparable to that of dimeric rh IL-10. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that APVO210 drives the differentiation of tolerogenic DC and functional alloantigen-specific Tr1 cells in vitro. Since APVO210 specifically targets CD86+ cells, we hypothesize that it will specifically target CD86+ DC to induce Tr1 cells in vivo, and mediate antigen-specific immunological tolerance by induction of tolerogenic DC and Tr1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Pellerin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Silvia Gregori
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Rosa Bacchetta
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Maria Grazia Roncarolo
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
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16
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Tóth EJ, Boros É, Hoffmann A, Szebenyi C, Homa M, Nagy G, Vágvölgyi C, Nagy I, Papp T. Interaction of THP-1 Monocytes with Conidia and Hyphae of Different Curvularia Strains. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1369. [PMID: 29093719 PMCID: PMC5651265 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Interaction of the human monocytic cell line, THP-1 with clinical isolates of three Curvularia species were examined. Members of this filamentous fungal genus can cause deep mycoses emerging in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients. It was found that monocytes reacted only to the hyphal form of Curvularia lunata. Cells attached to the germ tubes and hyphae and production of elevated levels of interleukin (IL)-8 and IL-10 and a low level of TNF-α were measured. At the same time, monocytes failed to produce IL-6. This monocytic response, especially with the induction of the anti-inflammatory IL-10, correlates well to the observation that C. lunata frequently cause chronic infections even in immunocompetent persons. Despite the attachment to the hyphae, monocytes could not reduce the viability of the fungus and the significant decrease in the relative transcript level of HLA-DRA assumes the lack of antigen presentation of the fungus by this cell type. C. spicifera and C. hawaiiensis failed to induce the gathering of the cells or the production of any analyzed cytokines. Monocytes did not recognize conidia of Curvularia species, even when melanin was lacking in their cell wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Judit Tóth
- MTA-SZTE Fungal Pathogenicity Mechanisms Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Faculty of Science and Informatics, Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Éva Boros
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Alexandra Hoffmann
- Faculty of Science and Informatics, Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Csilla Szebenyi
- MTA-SZTE Fungal Pathogenicity Mechanisms Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Faculty of Science and Informatics, Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mónika Homa
- MTA-SZTE Fungal Pathogenicity Mechanisms Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Faculty of Science and Informatics, Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Nagy
- MTA-SZTE Fungal Pathogenicity Mechanisms Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Csaba Vágvölgyi
- Faculty of Science and Informatics, Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - István Nagy
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamás Papp
- MTA-SZTE Fungal Pathogenicity Mechanisms Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Faculty of Science and Informatics, Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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17
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The antiangiogenic role of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-31. Oncotarget 2017; 8:16430-16444. [PMID: 28147314 PMCID: PMC5369974 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory cytokines in the tumor microenvironment are known for their ability to either inhibit or promote cancer progression. Here we evaluated the role of Interleukin-31 (IL31), a protein belonging to the pro-inflammatory IL-6 cytokine family which has been characterized in autoimmune disease, in tumorigenesis. We show that IL31 and its receptor, IL31RA, are highly expressed in various human and mouse cancer cell lines, as well as in tumor specimens from cancer patients. MC38 murine colon carcinoma cells depleted of IL31 exhibit an increase in invasive and migratory properties in vitro, effects that are reversed by supplementing the cells with exogenous IL31. In vivo, IL31-depleted MC38 tumor cells implanted to mice grow faster than control tumors. In contrast, MC38 tumor-bearing mice infused with recombinant IL31, exhibit a significant reduction in tumor growth than control mice. Furthermore, IL31 infusion reduces the number of metastatic lesions in the lungs of mice bearing 4T1 murine metastatic breast carcinoma. Lastly, injecting tumor-bearing, chemotherapy-treated mice with a long-lived IL31-IgG fusion protein reduces tumor growth, angiogenesis and pulmonary metastasis to a greater extent than when chemotherapy is used alone. The IL31 anti-tumor activity is explained, in part, by the anti-angiogenic effects demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo highlighting the potential use of IL31 as an anti-cancer drug.
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18
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Jong E, Strunk T, Burgner D, Lavoie PM, Currie A. The phenotype and function of preterm infant monocytes: implications for susceptibility to infection. J Leukoc Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.4ru0317-111r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Jong
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia
| | - Tobias Strunk
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
- Neonatal Clinical Care Unit, King Edward Memorial and Princess Margaret Hospitals, Subiaco, Australia
| | - David Burgner
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, Australia; and
| | - Pascal M. Lavoie
- Department of Paediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Andrew Currie
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
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19
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Zischke J, Mamareli P, Pokoyski C, Gabaev I, Buyny S, Jacobs R, Falk CS, Lochner M, Sparwasser T, Schulz TF, Kay-Fedorov PC. The human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein pUL11 acts via CD45 to induce T cell IL-10 secretion. PLoS Pathog 2017. [PMID: 28628650 PMCID: PMC5491327 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a widespread pathogen, infection with which can cause severe disease for immunocompromised individuals. The complex changes wrought on the host's immune system during both productive and latent HCMV infection are well known. Infected cells are masked and manipulated and uninfected immune cells are also affected; peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) proliferation is reduced and cytokine profiles altered. Levels increase of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, which may be important for the establishment of HCMV infections and is required for the development of high viral titres by murine cytomegalovirus. The mechanisms by which HCMV affects T cell IL-10 secretion are not understood. We show here that treatment of PBMC with purified pUL11 induces IL-10 producing T cells as a result of pUL11 binding to the CD45 phosphatase on T cells. IL-10 production induced by HCMV infection is also in part mediated by pUL11. Supernatants from pUL11 treated cells have anti-inflammatory effects on untreated PBMC. Considering the mechanism, CD45 can be a positive or negative regulator of TCR signalling, depending on its expression level, and we show that pUL11 also has concentration dependent activating or inhibitory effects on T cell proliferation and on the kinase function of the CD45 substrate Lck. pUL11 is therefore the first example of a viral protein that can target CD45 to induce T cells with anti-inflammatory properties. It is also the first HCMV protein shown to induce T cell IL-10 secretion. Understanding the mechanisms by which pUL11-induced changes in signal strength influence T cell development and function may provide the basis for the development of novel antiviral treatments and therapies against immune pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Zischke
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF, TTU-IICH), Hannover-Braunschweig Site, Hannover, Germany
| | - Panagiota Mamareli
- Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
| | - Claudia Pokoyski
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ildar Gabaev
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sabine Buyny
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Roland Jacobs
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christine S. Falk
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF, TTU-IICH), Hannover-Braunschweig Site, Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, IFB-Tx, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Matthias Lochner
- Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
| | - Tim Sparwasser
- Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas F. Schulz
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF, TTU-IICH), Hannover-Braunschweig Site, Hannover, Germany
| | - Penelope C. Kay-Fedorov
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF, TTU-IICH), Hannover-Braunschweig Site, Hannover, Germany
- * E-mail:
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20
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Mijac D, Petrovic IV, Djuranovic S, Perovic V, Bojic D, Culafic D, Popovic D, Krstic M, Jankovic G, Djoric M, Pravica V, Markovic M. The Polymorphism rs3024505 (C/T) Downstream of the IL10 Gene Is Associated with Crohn's Disease in Serbian Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2017; 240:15-24. [PMID: 27558476 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.240.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), manifesting as Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is characterized by recurring episodes of inflammation in gastrointestinal tract, in which aberrant production of regulatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) presumably plays important role. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that affect IL-10 production, such as rs1800896 (G/A) at position -1082 and rs1800871 (C/T) at position -819 in the promoter region of the IL10 gene, have been associated with CD and/or UC, but the results were inconsistent. Another SNP that may alter IL-10 production, rs3024505 (C/T) located immediately downstream of the IL10 gene has been recently identified. T allele of rs3024505 was associated with both UC and CD in Western populations, but the studies from East European countries are lacking. Therefore, our aim was to assess the association of rs3024505, rs1800896 and rs1800871 with Serbian IBD patients. To this end, 107 CD and 99 UC patients and 255 healthy controls were genotyped. As a result, T allele of rs3024505 was associated with CD at allelic, genotypic (GT genotype) and haplotypic (GCCT haplotype) level, suggesting potential role of this variant in susceptibility to CD. In contrast, CD patients carrying C allele of rs3024505 had significantly increased risk of anemia and stricturing/penetrating behavior. No association was observed between rs3024505 and UC or SNPs in IL10 promoter region and any form of IBD. In conclusion, rs3024505 SNP flanking the IL10 gene is associated with susceptibility and severity of disease in Serbian CD patients, further validating its role as a potential biomarker in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragana Mijac
- Clinic for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinical Center of Serbia, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade
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21
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Siewe N, Yakubu AA, Satoskar AR, Friedman A. Granuloma formation in leishmaniasis: A mathematical model. J Theor Biol 2017; 412:48-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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22
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Lo WC, Arsenescu V, Arsenescu RI, Friedman A. Inflammatory Bowel Disease: How Effective Is TNF-α Suppression? PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165782. [PMID: 27824890 PMCID: PMC5100971 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Crohn’s Disease (CD) results from inappropriate response toward commensal flora. Earlier studies described CD as a Th1 mediated disease. Current models view both phenotypes as a continuum of various permutations between Th1, Th2 and Th17 pathways compounded by a range of Treg disfunctions. In the present paper, we develop a mathematical model, by a system of differential equations, which describe the dynamic relations among these T cells and their cytokines. The model identities four groups of CD patients according to up/down regulation of Th1 and Th2. The model simulations show that immunosuppression by TNF-α blockage benefits the group with Th1High/Th2Low while, by contrast, the group with Th1Low/Th2High will benefit from immune activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing-Cheong Lo
- Department of Mathematics, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Razvan I. Arsenescu
- Digestive Health Institute, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Center of Excellence Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Avner Friedman
- Mathematical Biosciences Institute, Department of Mathematics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
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23
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Kishimoto W, Nishikori M, Arima H, Miyoshi H, Sasaki Y, Kitawaki T, Shirakawa K, Kato T, Imaizumi Y, Ishikawa T, Ohno H, Haga H, Ohshima K, Takaori-Kondo A. Expression of Tim-1 in primary CNS lymphoma. Cancer Med 2016; 5:3235-3245. [PMID: 27709813 PMCID: PMC5119979 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a distinct subtype of extranodal lymphoma with aggressive clinical course and poor outcome. As increased IL‐10/IL‐6 ratio is recognized in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of PCNSL patients, we hypothesized that PCNSL might originate from a population of B cells with high IL‐10‐producing capacity, an equivalent of “regulatory B cells” in mice. We intended in this study to clarify whether Tim‐1, a molecule known as a marker for regulatory B cells in mice, is expressed in PCNSL. By immunohistochemical analysis, Tim‐1 was shown to be positive in as high as 54.2% of PCNSL (26 of 58 samples), while it was positive in 19.1% of systemic diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) samples (17 of 89 samples; P < 0.001). Tim‐1 expression positively correlated with IL‐10 expression in PCNSL (Cramer's V = 0.55, P < 0.001), and forced expression of Tim‐1 in a PCNSL cell line resulted in increased IL‐10 secretion, suggesting that Tim‐1 is functionally linked with IL‐10 production in PCNSL. Moreover, soluble Tim‐1 was detectable in the CSF of PCNSL patients, and was suggested to parallel disease activity. In summary, PCNSL is characterized by frequent Tim‐1 expression, and its soluble form in CSF may become a useful biomarker for PCNSL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Kishimoto
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Momoko Nishikori
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Arima
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Miyoshi
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Asahimachi, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuya Sasaki
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Asahimachi, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshio Kitawaki
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kotaro Shirakawa
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeharu Kato
- Department of Hematology, Nagasaki University Hospital, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Imaizumi
- Department of Hematology, Nagasaki University Hospital, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takayuki Ishikawa
- Department of Hematology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ohno
- Department of Hematology, Tenri Hospital, Mishima-cho, Tenri, Nara, Japan
| | - Hironori Haga
- Department of Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koichi Ohshima
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Asahimachi, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akifumi Takaori-Kondo
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Siewe N, Yakubu AA, Satoskar AR, Friedman A. Immune response to infection by Leishmania: A mathematical model. Math Biosci 2016; 276:28-43. [PMID: 26987853 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2016.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a disease caused by the Leishmania parasites. The injection of the parasites into the host occurs when a sand fly, which is the vector, bites the skin of the host. The parasites, which are obligate, take advantage of the immune system response and invade both the classically activated macrophages (M1) and the alternatively activated macrophages (M2). In this paper, we develop a mathematical model to explain the evolution of the disease. Simulations of the model show that, M2 macrophages steadily increase and M1 macrophages steadily decrease, while M1+M2 reach a steady state which is approximately the same as at healthy state of the host. Furthermore, the ratio of Leishmania parasites to macrophages depends homogeneously on their ratio at the time of the initial infection, in agreement with in vitro experimental data. The model is used to simulate treatment by existing or potential new drugs, and to compare the efficacy of different schedules of drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nourridine Siewe
- Department of Mathematics, Howard University, Washington, DC, United States.
| | - Abdul-Aziz Yakubu
- Department of Mathematics, Howard University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Abhay R Satoskar
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Avner Friedman
- Department of Mathematics, Mathematical Biosciences Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
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25
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Schmidt-Bleek K, Kwee BJ, Mooney DJ, Duda GN. Boon and Bane of Inflammation in Bone Tissue Regeneration and Its Link with Angiogenesis. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2015; 21:354-64. [PMID: 25742724 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2014.0677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Delayed healing or nonhealing of bone is an important clinical concern. Although bone, one of the two tissues with scar-free healing capacity, heals in most cases, healing is delayed in more than 10% of clinical cases. Treatment of such delayed healing condition is often painful, risky, time consuming, and expensive. Tissue healing is a multistage regenerative process involving complex and well-orchestrated steps, which are initiated in response to injury. At best, these steps lead to scar-free tissue formation. At the onset of healing, during the inflammatory phase, stationary and attracted macrophages and other immune cells at the fracture site release cytokines in response to injury. This initial reaction to injury is followed by the recruitment, proliferation, and differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells, synthesis of extracellular matrix proteins, angiogenesis, and finally tissue remodeling. Failure to heal is often associated with poor revascularization. Since blood vessels mediate the transport of circulating cells, oxygen, nutrients, and waste products, they appear essential for successful healing. The strategy of endogenous regeneration in a tissue such as bone is interesting to analyze since it may represent a blueprint of successful tissue formation. This review highlights the interdependency of the time cascades of inflammation, angiogenesis, and tissue regeneration. A better understanding of these inter-relations is mandatory to early identify patients at risk as well as to overcome critical clinical conditions that limit healing. Instead of purely tolerating the inflammatory phase, modulations of inflammation (immunomodulation) might represent a valid therapeutic strategy to enhance angiogenesis and foster later phases of tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Schmidt-Bleek
- 1 Julius Wolff Institut and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Berlin, Germany .,2 Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Berlin, Germany
| | - Brian J Kwee
- 3 The Mooney Lab: Laboratory for Cell and Tissue Engineering, Harvard-School of Engineering and Applied Sciences , Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - David J Mooney
- 3 The Mooney Lab: Laboratory for Cell and Tissue Engineering, Harvard-School of Engineering and Applied Sciences , Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Georg N Duda
- 1 Julius Wolff Institut and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Berlin, Germany .,2 Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Berlin, Germany
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26
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Monocytes are essential for the neuroprotective effect of human cord blood cells following middle cerebral artery occlusion in rat. Mol Cell Neurosci 2014; 59:76-84. [PMID: 24472845 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic administration of human umbilical cord blood (HUCB) mononuclear cells (MNC) following middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in the rat reduces infarct size and, more importantly, restores motor function. The HUCB cell preparation is composed of immature T-cells, B-cells, monocytes and stem cells. In this study we examined whether the beneficial effects of HUCB injection were attributable to one of these cell types. Male Sprague Dawley rats underwent permanent MCAO followed 48 h later by intravenous administration of HUCB MNC preparations depleted of either CD14(+) monocytes, CD133(+) stem cells, CD2(+) T-cells or CD19(+) B cells. Motor function was measured prior to MCAO and 30 days post-stroke. When CD14(+) monocytes were depleted from the HUCB MNC, activity and motor asymmetry were similar to the MCAO only treated animals. Monocyte depletion prevented HUCB cell treatment from reducing infarct size while monocyte enrichment was sufficient to reduce infarct size. Administration of monocyte-depleted HUCB cells did not suppress Iba1 labeling of microglia in the infarcted area relative to treatment with the whole HUCB preparation. These data demonstrate that the HUCB monocytes provide the majority of the efficacy in reducing infarct volume and promoting functional recovery.
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Najjar S, Pearlman DM, Alper K, Najjar A, Devinsky O. Neuroinflammation and psychiatric illness. J Neuroinflammation 2013; 10:43. [PMID: 23547920 PMCID: PMC3626880 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-10-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 456] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple lines of evidence support the pathogenic role of neuroinflammation in psychiatric illness. While systemic autoimmune diseases are well-documented causes of neuropsychiatric disorders, synaptic autoimmune encephalitides with psychotic symptoms often go under-recognized. Parallel to the link between psychiatric symptoms and autoimmunity in autoimmune diseases, neuroimmunological abnormalities occur in classical psychiatric disorders (for example, major depressive, bipolar, schizophrenia, and obsessive-compulsive disorders). Investigations into the pathophysiology of these conditions traditionally stressed dysregulation of the glutamatergic and monoaminergic systems, but the mechanisms causing these neurotransmitter abnormalities remained elusive. We review the link between autoimmunity and neuropsychiatric disorders, and the human and experimental evidence supporting the pathogenic role of neuroinflammation in selected classical psychiatric disorders. Understanding how psychosocial, genetic, immunological and neurotransmitter systems interact can reveal pathogenic clues and help target new preventive and symptomatic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souhel Najjar
- Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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28
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Liao KL, Bai XF, Friedman A. The role of CD200-CD200R in tumor immune evasion. J Theor Biol 2013; 328:65-76. [PMID: 23541619 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2013.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Revised: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
CD200 is a cell membrane protein that interacts with CD200 receptor (CD200R) of myeloid lineage cells. During tumor initiation and progression, CD200-positive tumor cells can interact with M1 and M2 macrophages through CD200-CD200R-compex, and downregulate IL-10 and IL-12 productions secreted primarily by M2 and M1 macrophages, respectively. In the tumor microenvironment, IL-10 inhibits the activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), while IL-12 enhances CTL activation. In this paper, we used a system approach to determine the combined effect of CD200-CD200R interaction on tumor proliferation by developing a mathematical model. We demonstrate that blocking CD200 on tumor cells may have opposite effects on tumor proliferation depending on the "affinity" of the macrophages to form the CD200-CD200R-complex with tumor cells. Our results help understanding the complexities of tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Ling Liao
- Mathematical Biosciences Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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29
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The etiology of ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) involves both genetic and environmental components. Multiple UC and CD susceptibility genes have been identified through genome-wide association studies and subsequent meta-analyses. These studies have also highlighted the presence of genes common to both diseases, and shared with several other autoimmune disorders. The aim of this study was to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) recently identified by the International IBD Genetics Consortium (IIBDGC) demonstrating that highly significant associations with CD could also confer genetic susceptibility to UC. METHODS Statistical modeling was performed on 29 CD-associated SNPs. The study comprised of 1652 UC cases from the Australia and New Zealand IBD Consortium and 2363 Australian population-based controls. RESULTS After adjustment for multiple comparisons, only one SNP, rs3024505, was significantly associated with UC (P = 0.001). Independent chi-square analyses identified odds ratios of 2.22 (1.48-3.37) for the rare homozygous genotype, and 1.20 (1.06-1.35) for the minor allele. Five other SNPs demonstrated moderate to weak associations with UC. CONCLUSIONS Of the 29 SNPs conferring high genetic susceptibility to CD, 28 were not associated with UC, thus indicating that for this SNP set there is a low level of overlap between the two major forms of IBD. Only one SNP, rs3024505 (Chr 1q32.1, upstream of IL10), was associated with susceptibility to UC. The identification of this SNP replicates a finding from Franke et al (2008), where the rs3024505 SNP was strongly associated with UC across multiple European populations.
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30
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Abstract
IL-10 is one of the key cytokines preventing inflammation-mediated tissue damage. In an attempt to identify IL-10-producing cells in vivo, several groups have recently developed IL-10 reporter mouse strains. Up until now, in total, eight IL-10 reporter strains have been published. This incomparable interest in IL-10 reporter mice emphasizes the importance and difficulties in tracking and subsequently investigating the role of IL-10-producing cells in infectious, inflammatory, autoimmune and cancer diseases. In this review, I summarize and compare the properties of those published IL-10 reporter mouse models. I also discuss the necessity to develop new strategies to generate 'multi-cytokine' reporter mouse models enabling highly sensitive in/ex vivo detection of many cytokines in the same single cell. Such 'multi-cytokine' reporter mice will enable to reconsider the dichotomy 'T-effector versus T-regulatory' paradigm and to provide an accurate revised model for cellular sources of cytokines. Finally, I propose to launch cooperative, international initiatives to promote and coordinate the generation of accurate, combinatorial, reporter mice for every individual murine cytokine.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Bouabe
- Department of Bacteriology, Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Munich, Germany.
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31
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A mathematical model of tumor-immune interactions. J Theor Biol 2011; 294:56-73. [PMID: 22051568 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2011.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2010] [Revised: 07/01/2011] [Accepted: 10/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A mathematical model of the interactions between a growing tumor and the immune system is presented. The equations and parameters of the model are based on experimental and clinical results from published studies. The model includes the primary cell populations involved in effector T-cell mediated tumor killing: regulatory T cells, helper T cells, and dendritic cells. A key feature is the inclusion of multiple mechanisms of immunosuppression through the main cytokines and growth factors mediating the interactions between the cell populations. Decreased access of effector cells to the tumor interior with increasing tumor size is accounted for. The model is applied to tumors with different growth rates and antigenicities to gauge the relative importance of various immunosuppressive mechanisms. The most important factors leading to tumor escape are TGF-β-induced immunosuppression, conversion of helper T cells into regulatory T cells, and the limitation of immune cell access to the full tumor at large tumor sizes. The results suggest that for a given tumor growth rate, there is an optimal antigenicity maximizing the response of the immune system. Further increases in antigenicity result in increased immunosuppression, and therefore a decrease in tumor killing rate. This result may have implications for immunotherapies which modulate the effective antigenicity. Simulation of dendritic cell therapy with the model suggests that for some tumors, there is an optimal dose of transfused dendritic cells.
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32
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Bouabe H, Liu Y, Moser M, Bösl MR, Heesemann J. Novel highly sensitive IL-10-beta-lactamase reporter mouse reveals cells of the innate immune system as a substantial source of IL-10 in vivo. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 187:3165-76. [PMID: 21844394 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1101477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we report on a novel, highly sensitive IL-10 reporter mouse based on the reporter enzyme β-lactamase and the fluorescence resonance energy transfer substrate coumarin-cephalosporin-fluorescein (4). In contrast to an IL-10 reporter mouse model that we generated by using enhanced GFP as reporter and allowed tracking IL-10 expression only in T cells, the IL-10-β-lactamase reporter (ITIB) mouse enables us to easily analyze and quantify IL-10 production at the single-cell level in all myeloid and lymphoid cell types. Furthermore, the ITIB mouse allows studying of the kinetics of IL-10 expression on a single-cell basis and provides a valuable tool for in vivo screening of cell type-specific IL-10-modulating drugs. Remarkably, the ITIB mouse revealed that, although a significant portion of each myeloid and lymphoid cell type produces IL-10, macrophages represent the major IL-10 producer population in several organs of naive mice. Moreover, using the examples of bacterial infection and transplantable skin melanoma models, we demonstrate the exceptional applicability of the ITIB mouse for the identification of IL-10-producing cells during immune responses in vivo. In this study, we identified tumor-infiltrating F4/80(+) macrophages as the major source for IL-10 in B16-F10 melanoma in vivo. During systemic infection with Yersinia enterocolitica, although the proportion of IL-10(+) cells increased in each myeloid and lymphoid cell type population, infiltrating CD11b(+)Ly6G(+) neutrophils represent a majority among IL-10-producing cells at the site of infection. We conclude that cells of the innate immune system that are involved in immune homeostasis or immune responses are substantial sources of IL-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hicham Bouabe
- Department of Bacteriology, Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Munich 80336, Germany.
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33
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Dobreva ZG, Miteva LD, Stanilova SA. The inhibition of JNK and p38 MAPKs downregulates IL-10 and differentially affects c-Jun gene expression in human monocytes. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2010; 31:195-201. [PMID: 19235539 DOI: 10.1080/08923970802626276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-10 is the most important anti-inflammatory cytokine that controls the progress of the immune response. The molecular mechanisms driving the IL10 gene regulation are not well understood. To gain insight into this process we studied the IL-10 expression on mRNA and protein levels, together with c-Jun, FOXP3 and RelA transcription factors gene expression in human monocytes. We investigated also, the involvement of JNK and p38 transduction pathways in IL-10, c-Jun, FOXP3 and RelA gene expression. The quantity determination of IL-10 was performed by ELISA. qRT-PCR was performed for the detection of mRNA transcripts. The pharmacological inhibitors SP600125 and SB202190 were used to explore JNK and p38 MAPKs involvement in IL10, c-Jun, FOXP3 and RelA gene expression. The measurement of IL-10 mRNA synthesis, triggered by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or C3 binding glycoprotein (C3bgp) showed that stimulation with both inducers led to similar high level of IL-10 mRNA synthesis, whereas C3bgp was the stronger inducer of IL-10 production than LPS. JNK and p38 inhibition significantly decreased IL-10 expression in stimulated cells. C3bgp and LPS induced comparatively low expression of FOXP3, RelA and c-Jun mRNA in monocytes. The inhibition of p38 MAPK in stimulated monocytes resulted in significant enhancement of c-Jun mRNA synthesis suggesting the functional relation between p38 MAPK and c-Jun gene expression. We concluded that the IL10 gene transcription did not associate with enhancement of c-Jun, RelA and FOXP3 gene expression and strictly depended on the JNK and p38 MAPKs activation in stimulated human monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zlatka Georgieva Dobreva
- Department of Molecular Biology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria.
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Paradowska-Gorycka A, Trefler J, Maciejewska-Stelmach J, Łacki JK. Interleukin-10 gene promoter polymorphism in Polish rheumatoid arthritis patients. Int J Immunogenet 2010; 37:225-31. [PMID: 20477882 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313x.2010.00913.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-10 is an important multifunctional cytokine with both anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory effects in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In the present study, we evaluated the frequency and potential impact of IL-10 promoter polymorphisms on susceptibility to and severity of RA in Polish in - patients with a high disease activity (mean DAS 28 C-reactive protein 5.25). DNA was obtained from 244 RA patients and 106 healthy controls. The -592C/A and -1082G/A IL-10 gene polymorphisms were amplified by polymerase chain reaction with restriction endonuclease mapping. The frequency of the IL-10-592CA, -592AA genotypes (respectively: 30% vs 5% and 7% vs 0%) and allele -592A (37% vs 5%) were significantly higher in RA patients as compared with a control group. We did not find any association of the IL-10-592C/A genotype distribution with disease parameters, except for an increased ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate) in patients with the -592CC genotype as compared with those with -592CA or -592AA genotypes (P = 0.01). The frequency of the IL-10-1082GG genotype was lower (P = 0.0001), and that of the IL-10-1082GA genotype was higher (P = 0.009) in RA patients comparing with the control group. In RA patients with -1082GA or -1082AA genotypes the time duration of the disease (P = 0.03), Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) Score (P = 0.04) and PLT count (P = 0.001) were significantly increased as compared with subjects with -1082GG genotype. Presented findings indicate that IL-10-592C/A and IL-10-1082G/A polymorphisms may be considered genetic risk factors for RA susceptibility and severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Paradowska-Gorycka
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Rheumatology in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
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35
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Amsen D, de Visser KE, Town T. Approaches to determine expression of inflammatory cytokines. Methods Mol Biol 2009; 511:107-42. [PMID: 19347295 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-59745-447-6_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
There is an increasing awareness of the role of inflammation in cancer. Immune responses can limit the growth of some tumors, but paradoxically, may promote the growth of others. Cytokines are critical mediators of both the innate and the adaptive immune responses. In this chapter, we will describe several methods for the detection of inflammatory cytokines. First, we will describe a protocol for quantification of cytokine mRNA by real-time quantitative PCR. In addition, we will describe detection of cytokine proteins by ELISA as well as by novel cytokine bead arrays. Finally, a method will be described for in situ detection of cytokine production by immunohistochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derk Amsen
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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36
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Schnabl KL, Aerde JEV, Thomson ABR, Clandinin MT. Necrotizing enterocolitis: A multifactorial disease with no cure. World J Gastroenterol 2008; 14:2142-61. [PMID: 18407587 PMCID: PMC2703838 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.14.2142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis is an inflammatory bowel disease of neonates with significant morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. Due to the multifactorial nature of the disease and limitations in disease models, early diagnosis remains challenging and the pathogenesis elusive. Although preterm birth, hypoxic-ischemic events, formula feeding, and abnormal bacteria colonization are established risk factors, the role of genetics and vasoactive/inflammatory mediators is unclear. Consequently, treatments do not target the specific underlying disease processes and are symptomatic and surgically invasive. Breast-feeding is the most effective preventative measure. Recent advances in the prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis have focused on bioactive nutrients and trophic factors in human milk. Development of new disease models including the aspect of prematurity that consistently predisposes neonates to the disease with multiple risk factors will improve our understanding of the pathogenesis and lead to discovery of innovative therapeutics.
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37
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Martin CR, Walker WA. Intestinal immune defences and the inflammatory response in necrotising enterocolitis. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2006; 11:369-77. [PMID: 16690363 DOI: 10.1016/j.siny.2006.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Necrotising enterocolitis is a devastating neonatal gastrointestinal emergency predominantly affecting low birth weight, premature infants and is accompanied by significant mortality and morbid sequelae. The pathophysiology remains obscure and the management of infants with necrotising enterocolitis has not changed since the recognition of this disease. Necrotising enterocolitis is most likely the clinical culmination of multiple different risk factors interacting with each other to produce bowel injury through a final, common inflammatory pathway. Here, we review intestinal immunity and the specific inflammatory mediators involved in this disease process.
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MESH Headings
- Enterocolitis, Necrotizing/immunology
- Enterocolitis, Necrotizing/mortality
- Enterocolitis, Necrotizing/pathology
- Humans
- Infant, Newborn
- Infant, Premature
- Infant, Premature, Diseases/immunology
- Infant, Premature, Diseases/mortality
- Infant, Premature, Diseases/pathology
- Intestines/immunology
- Prevalence
- Risk Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilia R Martin
- Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, Rose-318, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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38
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Jones EA, Flavell RA. Distal enhancer elements transcribe intergenic RNA in the IL-10 family gene cluster. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2006; 175:7437-46. [PMID: 16301651 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.175.11.7437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The IL-10 gene and homologs IL-19, IL-20, and IL-24 are expressed within a highly conserved 145-kb cytokine gene cluster. Like the Th2 IL-4 cytokine gene cluster, it is feasible that there is coordinate regulation of these cytokines by distal regulatory elements spanning the locus. We initiated a search to characterize regulatory elements within the IL-10 family locus and present data herein on a conserved 40-kb region between the IL-19 and IL-10 genes. We map the location of 17 DNase I-hypersensitive sites in different murine T cell populations and identify three enhancer elements, which function in T cells in vitro. Two of these enhancer elements, located 9 kb upstream and 6.45 kb downstream of IL-10, display cell-specific function in the Th1-Th2 cell clones AE7 and D10 and also exhibit basic promoter activity. The downstream element, IL-10CNS+6.45, binds AP-1 in the absence of NFAT and expresses intergenic RNA in a Th2-specific manner, further validating its role as a Th2-specific enhancer/promoter element. We show that the five most highly conserved noncoding sequences in the 40-kb region transcribe intergenic RNA; four of these regions possess promoter activity in vitro that could account for the expression of these transcripts. Hence, we speculate that these novel regulatory elements in the IL-10 family gene locus function via an intermediate regulatory RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Jones
- Section of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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39
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Poindexter NJ, Walch ET, Chada S, Grimm EA. Cytokine induction of interleukin-24 in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. J Leukoc Biol 2005; 78:745-52. [PMID: 16000394 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0205116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-24 (IL-24) is a recently identified member of the IL-10 family of cytokines. It was originally identified as a tumor suppressor molecule, melanoma differentiation-associated gene 7, and then renamed IL-24 and classified as a cytokine, based on its chromosomal location in the IL-10 locus, its mRNA expression in leukocytes, and its secretory sequence elements. Here, we correlate the kinetics of IL-24 mRNA and protein expression in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) stimulated by polyclonal activators phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or by allogeneic major histocompatibility complex. PHA-stimulated PBMC express IL-24 mRNA, reaching peak levels at 8-12 h after stimulation. Protein expression, as measured by intracellular flow cytometry, followed the message, reaching maximum expression at 24 h. Subset analysis of mitogen-stimulated PBMC showed that IL-24 was expressed primarily in T cells and macrophages. Expression of IL-24 in mitogen-stimulated PBMC is the result of cytokine stimulation. Individual cytokines including IL-2, IL-7, IL-15, tumor necrosis factor alpha, granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor, and IL-1beta stimulate the expression of IL-24 mRNA and protein, whereas interferons and T helper cell type 2 cytokines fail to induce substantial IL-24. When LPS- or PHA-stimulated cells were treated with Actinomycin D, IL-24 mRNA persisted at high levels over the 4-h course of treatment. These data strongly suggest that the expression of IL-24 in human PBMC results from cytokine stimulation and is regulated at the post-transcriptional level through stabilization of IL-24 mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy J Poindexter
- Experimental Therapeutics, Box 362, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Skrzeczyñska J, Kobylarz K, Hartwich Z, Zembala M, Pryjma J. CD14+CD16+ monocytes in the course of sepsis in neonates and small children: monitoring and functional studies. Scand J Immunol 2002; 55:629-38. [PMID: 12028567 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3083.2002.01092.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The phenotype and function of peripheral blood monocytes change after trauma and during sepsis. The aim of the study was to evaluate monocyte expression of human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-DR and Fc receptor III (FcR III) (CD16) in neonates and small children with high risk of sepsis (hospitalized at the intensive care unit). The reduced proportion of CD14+HLA-DR+ monocytes was observed in all patients at the intensive care unit, while the increase of CD16 expression on monocytes was observed in the course of sepsis. The measurement of CD16 expression on monocytes also proved to be more useful for monitoring patient. The proportion of both CD14dimCD16+ and CD14highCD16+ monocytes increased during sepsis; however, monocytes showed reduced ability to phagocytose Escherichia coli, compromised ability to cooperate with T cells and reduced CD86 expression in parallel to HLA-DR depression. The reduced interleukin (IL)-1 but rather increased IL-10 production was associated with sepsis. The differences between CD14+CD16+ monocytes of healthy donors and patients with sepsis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Skrzeczyñska
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Molecular Biology, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Cracow, Poland
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Field CJ, Clandinin MT, Van Aerde JE. Polyunsaturated fatty acids and T-cell function: implications for the neonate. Lipids 2001; 36:1025-32. [PMID: 11724454 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-001-0813-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Infant survival depends on the ability to respond effectively and appropriately to environmental challenges. Infants are born with a degree of immunological immaturity that renders them susceptible to infection and abnormal dietary responses (allergies). T-lymphocyte function is poorly developed at birth. The reduced ability of infants to respond to mitogens may be the result of the low number of CD45RO+ (memory/antigen-primed) T cells in the infant or the limited ability to produce cytokines [particularly interferon-y, interleukin (IL)-4, and IL-10. There have been many important changes in optimizing breast milk substitutes for infants; however, few have been directed at replacing factors in breast milk that convey immune benefits. Recent research has been directed at the neurological, retinal, and membrane benefits of adding 20:4n-6 (arachidonic acid; AA) and 22:6n-3 (docosahexaenoic acid; DHA) to infant formula. In adults and animals, feeding DHA affects T-cell function. However, the effect of these lipids on the development and function of the infant's immune system is not known. We recently reported the effect of adding DHA + AA to a standard infant formula on several functional indices of immune development. Compared with standard formula, feeding a formula containing DHA + AA increased the proportion of antigen mature (CD45RO+) CD4+ cells, improved IL-10 production, and reduced IL-2 production to levels not different from those of human milk-fed infants. This review will briefly describe T-cell development and the potential immune effect of feeding long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids to the neonate.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Field
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
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Manimtim WM, Hasday JD, Hester L, Fairchild KD, Lovchik JC, Viscardi RM. Ureaplasma urealyticum modulates endotoxin-induced cytokine release by human monocytes derived from preterm and term newborns and adults. Infect Immun 2001; 69:3906-15. [PMID: 11349058 PMCID: PMC98421 DOI: 10.1128/iai.69.6.3906-3915.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously observed that Ureaplasma urealyticum respiratory tract colonization in infants with a birth weight of < or =1,250 g was associated with increases in the tracheal aspirate proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) relative to the counterregulatory cytokine IL-6 during the first week of life (A. M. Patterson, V. Taciak, J. Lovchik, R. E. Fox, A. B. Campbell, and R. M. Viscardi, Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 17:321-328, 1998). We hypothesized that U. urealyticum alters the host immune response in the presence of a coinflammatory stimulus (e.g., bacterial infection or hyperoxia) by shifting the balance of cytokine expression towards the proinflammatory cytokines. To test this hypothesis, we compared the release of TNF-alpha, IL-8, IL-6, and IL-10 in vitro by unstimulated and U. urealyticum (with or without lipopolysaccharide [LPS])-stimulated human monocytes from adult peripheral blood and from term and preterm cord blood. U. urealyticum alone and in combination with LPS induced concentration- and development-dependent changes in cytokine release. In vitro inoculation with low-inoculum U. urealyticum (10(3) color-changing units [CCU]) (i) partially blocked the LPS-stimulated IL-6 release by all cells and reduced LPS-stimulated IL-10 release by preterm cells, (ii) stimulated TNF-alpha and IL-8 release by preterm cells, and (iii) augmented LPS-stimulated TNF-alpha release in all cells. In preterm cells, high-inoculum U. urealyticum (10(6) CCU) (i) stimulated TNF-alpha and IL-8, but not IL-6 or IL-10, release and (ii) augmented LPS-stimulated TNF-alpha and IL-8 release. High-inoculum U. urealyticum (i) stimulated release of all four cytokines in term cells and IL-8 release in adult cells and (ii) augmented LPS-induced TNF-alpha, IL-10, and IL-8 release in term cells but did not significantly affect LPS-induced cytokine release in adult cells. We speculate that U. urealyticum enhances the proinflammatory response to a second infection by blocking expression of counterregulatory cytokines (IL-6 and IL-10), predisposing the preterm infant to prolonged and dysregulated inflammation, lung injury, and impaired clearance of secondary infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- W M Manimtim
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore 21201, USA
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Genovese F, Mancuso G, Cuzzola M, Biondo C, Beninati C, Delfino D, Teti G. Role of IL-10 in a Neonatal Mouse Listeriosis Model. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.163.5.2777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
This study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that altered IL-10 production plays a role in the increased susceptibility of neonates to listeriosis. Plasma IL-10 levels were measured in neonatal and adult mice at various times after infection with Listeria monocytogenes. Relative to adults, neonatal mice had markedly increased IL-10 levels early in the course of infection with Listeria using a 90% lethal dose. Higher neonatal IL-10 responses were also observed after injecting adults and pups with equal doses of killed organisms. Splenic macrophages from neonates produced higher IL-10 levels than those of adults after in vitro stimulation with killed bacteria, confirming in vivo observations. Moreover, IL-10 blockade had differential effects in neonates and adults infected with live Listeria. In adult mice, anti-IL-10 Abs decreased bacterial burden early in the course of infection, but were no longer effective at 6 days or later after challenge. In the pups, however, the same treatment had beneficial effects both early and late during infection and resulted in increased survival. Collectively, our data suggest that an overproduction of IL-10 by macrophages may at least partially explain the increased susceptibility of neonates to listeriosis, and provide further evidence that cytokine production is different in adults and neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Genovese
- Istituto di Microbiologia, Università di Messina, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mancuso
- Istituto di Microbiologia, Università di Messina, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Cuzzola
- Istituto di Microbiologia, Università di Messina, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Messina, Italy
| | - Carmelo Biondo
- Istituto di Microbiologia, Università di Messina, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Messina, Italy
| | - Concetta Beninati
- Istituto di Microbiologia, Università di Messina, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Messina, Italy
| | - Demetrio Delfino
- Istituto di Microbiologia, Università di Messina, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Teti
- Istituto di Microbiologia, Università di Messina, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Messina, Italy
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