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Bulleeraz V, Goy M, Basheer F, Liongue C, Ward AC. Leukemia-associated truncation of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor impacts granulopoiesis throughout the life-course. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1095453. [PMID: 36703974 PMCID: PMC9871641 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1095453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor (G-CSFR), encoded by the CSF3R gene, is involved in the production and function of neutrophilic granulocytes. Somatic mutations in CSF3R leading to truncated G-CSFR forms are observed in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), particularly those subsequent to severe chronic neutropenia (SCN), as well as in a subset of patients with other leukemias. Methods This investigation introduced equivalent mutations into the zebrafish csf3r gene via genome editing and used a range of molecular and cellular techniques to understand the impact of these mutations on immune cells across the lifespan. Results Zebrafish harboring truncated G-CSFRs showed significantly enhanced neutrophil production throughout successive waves of embryonic hematopoiesis and a neutrophil maturation defect in adults, with the mutations acting in a partially dominant manner. Discussion This study has elucidated new insights into the impact of G-CSFR truncations throughout the life-course and created a bone fide zebrafish model for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michelle Goy
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Faiza Basheer
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia,Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Clifford Liongue
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia,Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Alister C. Ward
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia,Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia,*Correspondence: Alister C. Ward,
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2
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Warren JT, Link DC. Impaired myelopoiesis in congenital neutropenia: insights into clonal and malignant hematopoiesis. HEMATOLOGY. AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEMATOLOGY. EDUCATION PROGRAM 2021; 2021:514-520. [PMID: 34889405 PMCID: PMC8791126 DOI: 10.1182/hematology.2021000286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A common feature of both congenital and acquired forms of bone marrow failure is an increased risk of developing acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Indeed, the development of MDS or AML is now the major cause of mortality in patients with congenital neutropenia. Thus, there is a pressing clinical need to develop better strategies to prevent, diagnose early, and treat MDS/AML in patients with congenital neutropenia and other bone marrow failure syndromes. Here, we discuss recent data characterizing clonal hematopoiesis and progression to myeloid malignancy in congenital neutropenia, focusing on severe congenital neutropenia (SCN) and Shwachman-Diamond syndrome. We summarize recent studies showing excellent outcomes after allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for many (but not all) patients with congenital neutropenia, including patients with SCN with active myeloid malignancy who underwent transplantation. Finally, we discuss how these new data inform the current clinical management of patients with congenital neutropenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia T Warren
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Daniel C Link
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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3
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Abstract
A considerable amount of continuous proliferation and differentiation is required to produce daily a billion new neutrophils in an adult human. Of the few cytokines and factors known to control neutrophil production, G-CSF is the guardian of granulopoiesis. G-CSF/CSF3R signaling involves the recruitment of non-receptor protein tyrosine kinases and their dependent signaling pathways of serine/threonine kinases, tyrosine phosphatases, and lipid second messengers. These pathways converge to activate the families of STAT and C/EBP transcription factors. CSF3R mutations are associated with human disorders of neutrophil production, including severe congenital neutropenia, neutrophilia, and myeloid malignancies. More than three decades after their identification, cloning, and characterization of G-CSF and G-CSF receptor, fundamental questions remain about their physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hrishikesh M Mehta
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Pediatrics, Lerner Research Institute at the Cleveland Clinic, United States
| | - Seth J Corey
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Pediatrics, Lerner Research Institute at the Cleveland Clinic, United States.
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4
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Danek P, Kardosova M, Janeckova L, Karkoulia E, Vanickova K, Fabisik M, Lozano-Asencio C, Benoukraf T, Tirado-Magallanes R, Zhou Q, Burocziova M, Rahmatova S, Pytlik R, Brdicka T, Tenen DG, Korinek V, Alberich-Jorda M. β-Catenin-TCF/LEF signaling promotes steady-state and emergency granulopoiesis via G-CSF receptor upregulation. Blood 2020; 136:2574-2587. [PMID: 32822472 PMCID: PMC7714095 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019004664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The canonical Wnt signaling pathway is mediated by interaction of β-catenin with the T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer-binding factor (TCF/LEF) transcription factors and subsequent transcription activation of Wnt-target genes. In the hematopoietic system, the function of the pathway has been mainly investigated by rather unspecific genetic manipulations of β-catenin that yielded contradictory results. Here, we used a mouse expressing a truncated dominant negative form of the human TCF4 transcription factor (dnTCF4) that specifically abrogates β-catenin-TCF/LEF interaction. Disruption of the β-catenin-TCF/LEF interaction resulted in the accumulation of immature cells and reduced granulocytic differentiation. Mechanistically, dnTCF4 progenitors exhibited downregulation of the Csf3r gene, reduced granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) receptor levels, attenuation of downstream Stat3 phosphorylation after G-CSF treatment, and impaired G-CSF-mediated differentiation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays confirmed direct binding of TCF/LEF factors to the promoter and putative enhancer regions of CSF3R. Inhibition of β-catenin signaling compromised activation of the emergency granulopoiesis program, which requires maintenance and expansion of myeloid progenitors. Consequently, dnTCF4 mice were more susceptible to Candida albicans infection and more sensitive to 5-fluorouracil-induced granulocytic regeneration. Importantly, genetic and chemical inhibition of β-catenin-TCF/LEF signaling in human CD34+ cells reduced granulocytic differentiation, whereas its activation enhanced myelopoiesis. Altogether, our data indicate that the β-catenin-TCF/LEF complex directly regulates G-CSF receptor levels, and consequently controls proper differentiation of myeloid progenitors into granulocytes in steady-state and emergency granulopoiesis. Our results uncover a role for the β-catenin signaling pathway in fine tuning the granulocytic production, opening venues for clinical intervention that require enhanced or reduced production of neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Danek
- Department of Hemato-oncology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslava Kardosova
- Department of Hemato-oncology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Childhood Leukemia Investigation Prague, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Elena Karkoulia
- Department of Hemato-oncology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karolina Vanickova
- Department of Hemato-oncology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Matej Fabisik
- Department of Leukocyte Cell Signaling, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Carlos Lozano-Asencio
- Department of Hemato-oncology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Touati Benoukraf
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | | | - Qiling Zhou
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Monika Burocziova
- Department of Hemato-oncology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Sarka Rahmatova
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic; and
| | - Robert Pytlik
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic; and
| | - Tomas Brdicka
- Department of Leukocyte Cell Signaling, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel G Tenen
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Meritxell Alberich-Jorda
- Department of Hemato-oncology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Childhood Leukemia Investigation Prague, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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5
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Olofsen PA, Fatrai S, van Strien PMH, Obenauer JC, de Looper HWJ, Hoogenboezem RM, Erpelinck-Verschueren CAJ, Vermeulen MPWM, Roovers O, Haferlach T, Jansen JH, Ghazvini M, Bindels EMJ, Schneider RK, de Pater EM, Touw IP. Malignant Transformation Involving CXXC4 Mutations Identified in a Leukemic Progression Model of Severe Congenital Neutropenia. CELL REPORTS MEDICINE 2020; 1:100074. [PMID: 33205068 PMCID: PMC7659587 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2020.100074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Severe congenital neutropenia (SCN) patients treated with CSF3/G-CSF to alleviate neutropenia frequently develop acute myeloid leukemia (AML). A common pattern of leukemic transformation involves the appearance of hematopoietic clones with CSF3 receptor (CSF3R) mutations in the neutropenic phase, followed by mutations in RUNX1 before AML becomes overt. To investigate how the combination of CSF3 therapy and CSF3R and RUNX1 mutations contributes to AML development, we make use of mouse models, SCN-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and SCN and SCN-AML patient samples. CSF3 provokes a hyper-proliferative state in CSF3R/RUNX1 mutant hematopoietic progenitors but does not cause overt AML. Intriguingly, an additional acquired driver mutation in Cxxc4 causes elevated CXXC4 and reduced TET2 protein levels in murine AML samples. Expression of multiple pro-inflammatory pathways is elevated in mouse AML and human SCN-AML, suggesting that inflammation driven by downregulation of TET2 activity is a critical step in the malignant transformation of SCN. Combinatorial CSF3R and RUNX1 mutations seen in SCN-AML do not result in AML in mice An additional mutation in Cxxc4 causes AML development in CSF3R/RUNX1 mutant mice Mutant CXXC4 protein is more stable than wild-type and reduces TET2 protein levels CXXC4 mutations are also found in de novo AML patients
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A Olofsen
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CN, the Netherlands
| | - Szabolcs Fatrai
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CN, the Netherlands
| | - Paulina M H van Strien
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CN, the Netherlands
| | - Julia C Obenauer
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CN, the Netherlands
| | - Hans W J de Looper
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CN, the Netherlands
| | - Remco M Hoogenboezem
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CN, the Netherlands
| | | | - Michael P W M Vermeulen
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CN, the Netherlands
| | - Onno Roovers
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CN, the Netherlands
| | | | - Joop H Jansen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525 GA, the Netherlands
| | - Mehrnaz Ghazvini
- Department of Developmental Biology, iPS Core Facility, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CN, the Netherlands
| | - Eric M J Bindels
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CN, the Netherlands
| | - Rebekka K Schneider
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CN, the Netherlands
| | - Emma M de Pater
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CN, the Netherlands
| | - Ivo P Touw
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CN, the Netherlands
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6
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Dao KHT, Gotlib J, Deininger MM, Oh ST, Cortes JE, Collins RH, Winton EF, Parker DR, Lee H, Reister A, Schultz, Savage S, Stevens, Brockett C, Subbiah N, Press RD, Raess PW, Cascio M, Dunlap J, Chen Y, Degnin C, Maxson JE, Tognon CE, Macey T, Druker BJ, Tyner JW. Efficacy of Ruxolitinib in Patients With Chronic Neutrophilic Leukemia and Atypical Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. J Clin Oncol 2020; 38:1006-1018. [PMID: 31880950 PMCID: PMC7106977 DOI: 10.1200/jco.19.00895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Colony-stimulating factor-3 receptor (CSF3R)-T618I is a recurrent activating mutation in chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL) and to a lesser extent in atypical chronic myeloid leukemia (aCML) resulting in constitutive JAK-STAT signaling. We sought to evaluate safety and efficacy of the JAK1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib in patients with CNL and aCML, irrespective of CSF3R mutation status. METHODS We conducted a phase II study of ruxolitinib in 44 patients (21 CNL and 23 aCML). The primary end point was overall hematologic response rate (ORR) by the end of 6 continuous 28-day cycles for the first 25 patients enrolled. We considered a response as either partial (PR) or complete response (CR). We expanded accrual to 44 patients to increase our ability to evaluate secondary end points, including grade ≥ 3 adverse events, spleen volume, symptom assessment, genetic correlates of response, and 2-year survival. RESULTS ORR was 32% for the first 25 enrolled patients (8 PR [7 CNL and 1 aCML]). In the larger cohort of 44 patients, 35% had a response (11 PR [9 CNL and 2 aCML] and 4 CR [CNL]), and 50% had oncogenic CSF3R mutations. The mean absolute allele burden reduction of CSF3R-T618I after 6 cycles was greatest in the CR group, compared with the PR and no response groups. The most common cause of death is due to disease progression. Grade ≥ 3 anemia and thrombocytopenia were observed in 34% and 14% of patients, respectively. No serious adverse events attributed to ruxolitinib were observed. CONCLUSION Ruxolitinib was well tolerated and demonstrated an estimated response rate of 32%. Patients with a diagnosis of CNL and/or harboring CSF3R-T618I were most likely to respond.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Alleles
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Female
- Gene Frequency
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Neutrophilic, Chronic/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Neutrophilic, Chronic/genetics
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Nitriles
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/adverse effects
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Pyrazoles/adverse effects
- Pyrazoles/therapeutic use
- Pyrimidines
- Receptors, Colony-Stimulating Factor/genetics
- Survival Rate
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim-Hien T. Dao
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Jason Gotlib
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine/Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA
| | | | - Stephen T. Oh
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO
| | - Jorge E. Cortes
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Robert H. Collins
- Hematology/Oncology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | | | - Dana R. Parker
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Hyunjung Lee
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Anna Reister
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Schultz
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Samantha Savage
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Stevens
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Chase Brockett
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Nan Subbiah
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Richard D. Press
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Philipp W. Raess
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Michael Cascio
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Jennifer Dunlap
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Yiyi Chen
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Catherine Degnin
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Julia E. Maxson
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Cristina E. Tognon
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Tara Macey
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Brian J. Druker
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chase, MD
| | - Jeffrey W. Tyner
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
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7
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Zhang QG, Wang J, Gong WY, Jing QC. Clonal evolution in a chronic neutrophilic leukemia patient. HEMATOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 24:455-458. [PMID: 31076019 DOI: 10.1080/16078454.2019.1613291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Objectives and importance: Chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL) is a distinct myeloproliferative neoplasm with a high prevalence (>80%) of mutations in the colony-stimulating factor 3 receptor (CSF3R); these mutations activate the receptor, leading to the proliferation of neutrophils that are a hallmark of CNL. Clinical presentation: We present a male patient who presented peripheral blood leukocytosis. On the basis of his morphological appearances and molecular findings he was determined to have a diagnosis of chronic neutrophilic leukemia. At a follow-up at 7 months, in addition to the CSF3R c.2373G > A (p.W791*) truncated mutation, another CSF3R mutation appeared as c.1853C > T(p.T618I). Discussion and conclusion: We present the first patient with a diagnosis of chronic neutrophilic leukemia with a c.2373G > A (p.W791*) truncated mutation of CSF3R. These findings elucidate a novel paradigm of CNL pathogenesis and explain how mutations drive the development of the disease. The order of acquisition of CSF3R mutations relative to mutations in epigenetic modifiers and the spliceosome have been determined only in isolated case reports; thus, further work is needed to understand the impact of mutation chronology on the clonal evolution and progression of CNL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Guo Zhang
- a Department of Hematology , The First People's Hospital of Chuzhou City , Chuzhou , People's Republic of China.,b Chuzhou Clinical College of Anhui Medical University , Chuzhou , People's Republic of China.,c Department of Hematology , the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- c Department of Hematology , the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Yu Gong
- a Department of Hematology , The First People's Hospital of Chuzhou City , Chuzhou , People's Republic of China.,b Chuzhou Clinical College of Anhui Medical University , Chuzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Chuan Jing
- a Department of Hematology , The First People's Hospital of Chuzhou City , Chuzhou , People's Republic of China.,b Chuzhou Clinical College of Anhui Medical University , Chuzhou , People's Republic of China
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8
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Kim JY, Seo SM, Lee HK, Kim HW, Choi YK. Comparison of the virulence of Streptococcus pneumoniae in ICR mouse stocks of three different origins. Lab Anim Res 2019; 35:5. [PMID: 31463224 PMCID: PMC6707427 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-019-0002-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae causes many people to suffer from pneumonia, septicemia, and other diseases worldwide. To identify the difference in susceptibility of and treatment efficacy against S. pneumoniae in three ICR mouse stocks (Korl:ICR, A:ICR, and B:ICR) with different origins, mice were infected with 2 × 106, 2 × 107, and 2 × 108 CFU of S. pneumoniae D39 intratracheally. The survival of mice was observed until three weeks after the infection. The three stocks of mice showed no significant survival rate difference at 2 × 106 and 2 × 107 CFU. However, the lung and spleen weight in the A:ICR stock was significantly different from that in the other two stocks, whereas the liver weight in B:ICR stock was significantly lower than that in the other two stocks. Interestingly, no significant CFU difference in the organs was observed between the ICR stocks. The level of interferon gamma inducible protein 10 in Korl:ICR was significantly lower than that in the other two stocks. The level of granulocyte colony stimulating factor in B:ICR was significantly lower than in the other two stocks. However, tumor-necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 levels showed no significant difference between the ICR stocks. In the vancomycin efficacy test after the S. pneumoniae infection, both the single-dose and double-dose vancomycin-treated groups showed a significantly better survival rate than the control group. There was no significant survival difference between the three stocks. These data showed that Korl:ICR, A:ICR, and B:ICR have no susceptibility difference to the S. pneumoniae D39 serotype 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Young Kim
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Min Seo
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Kyul Lee
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Woong Kim
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Yang-Kyu Choi
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
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9
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Klimiankou M, Uenalan M, Kandabarau S, Nustede R, Steiert I, Mellor-Heineke S, Zeidler C, Skokowa J, Welte K. Ultra-Sensitive CSF3R Deep Sequencing in Patients With Severe Congenital Neutropenia. Front Immunol 2019; 10:116. [PMID: 30891028 PMCID: PMC6413711 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
High frequency of acquired CSF3R (colony stimulating factor 3 receptor, granulocyte) mutations has been described in patients with severe congenital neutropenia (CN) at pre-leukemia stage and overt acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Here, we report the establishment of an ultra-sensitive deep sequencing of a CSF3R segment encoding the intracellular “critical region” of the G-CSFR known to be mutated in CN-MDS/AML patients. Using this method, we achieved a mutant allele frequency (MAF) detection rate of 0.01%. We detected CSF3R mutations in CN patients with different genetic backgrounds, but not in patients with other types of bone marrow failure syndromes chronically treated with G-CSF (e.g., Shwachman-Diamond Syndrome). Comparison of CSF3R deep sequencing results of DNA and cDNA from the bone marrow and peripheral blood cells revealed the highest sensitivity of cDNA from the peripheral blood polymorphonuclear neutrophils. This approach enables the identification of low-frequency CSF3R mutant clones, increases sensitivity, and earlier detection of CSF3R mutations acquired during the course of leukemogenic evolution of pre-leukemia HSCs of CN patients. We suggest application of sequencing of the entire CSF3R gene at diagnosis to identify patients with inherited lost-of-function CSF3R mutations and annual ultra-deep sequencing of the critical region of CSF3R to monitor acquisition of CSF3R mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksim Klimiankou
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Immunology, Rheumatology and Pulmonology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Murat Uenalan
- Department of Molecular Hematopoiesis, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Siarhei Kandabarau
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Immunology, Rheumatology and Pulmonology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rainer Nustede
- Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ingeborg Steiert
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Immunology, Rheumatology and Pulmonology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sabine Mellor-Heineke
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Cornelia Zeidler
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Julia Skokowa
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Immunology, Rheumatology and Pulmonology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Karl Welte
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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10
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Elliott MA, Tefferi A. Chronic neutrophilic leukemia: 2018 update on diagnosis, molecular genetics and management. Am J Hematol 2018; 93:578-587. [PMID: 29512199 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.24983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
DISEASE OVERVIEW AND DIAGNOSIS Chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL) is a potentially aggressive myeloproliferative neoplasm, for which current WHO diagnostic criteria include leukocytosis of ≥ 25 x 109 /L of which ≥ 80% are neutrophils, with < 10% circulating neutrophil precursors with blasts rarely observed. In addition, there is no dysplasia, nor clinical or molecular criteria for other myeloproliferative neoplasms. UPDATE ON DIAGNOSIS Previously the diagnosis of CNL was often as one of exclusion based on no identifiable cause for physiologic neutrophilia in patients fulfilling the aforementioned criteria. The 2016 WHO classification now recognizes somatic activating mutations of CSF3R (most commonly CSF3RT618I) as diagnostic, allowing for an accurate diagnosis for the majority of suspected cases through molecular testing. These mutations are primary driver mutations, accounting for the characteristic clinical phenotype and potential susceptibility to molecularly targeted therapy. RISK STRATIFICATION Concurrent mutations, common to myeloid neoplasms and their precursor states, most frequently in SETBP1 and ASXL1, are frequent and appear to be of prognostic significance. Although data are evolving on the full genomic profile, the rarity of CNL has delayed complete understanding of its full molecular pathogenesis and individual patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A. Elliott
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology; Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First St. SW; Rochester Minnesota 55905
| | - Ayalew Tefferi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology; Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First St. SW; Rochester Minnesota 55905
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11
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Zhang Y, Wang F, Chen X, Zhang Y, Wang M, Liu H, Cao P, Ma X, Wang T, Zhang J, Zhang X, Lu P, Liu H. CSF3R Mutations are frequently associated with abnormalities of RUNX1, CBFB, CEBPA, and NPM1 genes in acute myeloid leukemia. Cancer 2018; 124:3329-3338. [PMID: 29932212 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.31586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in the colony-stimulating factor 3 receptor (CSF3R) gene occur frequently in chronic neutrophilic leukemia and are rare in de novo acute leukemia. The objective of this study was to assess the incidence of CSF3R mutations in acute leukemia and their association with other genetic abnormalities. METHODS Amplicon-targeted, next-generation sequencing of 58 genes was performed retrospectively on 1152 patients (acute myeloid leukemia [AML], n = 587; acute lymphoid leukemia [ALL], n = 565). Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis was used to detect 35 leukemia-specific gene fusions. RESULTS CSF3R mutations (26 patients) were detected in 3.6% (13 of 364 patients), 4.6% (8 of 175 patients), and 8.3% (4 of 48 patients) of those with de novo, relapsed, and secondary AML, respectively, and in 0.2% (1 of 565 patients) of those with ALL. In total, 9 distinct CSF3R mutations were detected. Membrane-proximal missense mutations and cytoplasmic truncations were identified as mutually exclusive. The proportion of patients who had French-American-British subtypes M2 and M4 in the CSF3R-mutated group was significantly greater than that in the CSF3R wild-type group for both the de novo AML cohort (P = .001) and the relapsed AML cohort (P = .024). All de novo and relapsed AMLs with CSF3R mutations were associated with genetic alterations in transcription factors, including RUNX1-RUNX1T1, CBFB-MYH11, double-mutated CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (CEBPAdm), and NPM1 mutations; and core-binding factor gene abnormalities and CEBPAdm accounted for 90.5% (19 of 21 patients). CONCLUSIONS CSF3R mutations are uncommon in AML; however, when they occur, they are often associated with core-binding factor gene abnormalities and CEBPAdm. An in-depth understanding of the interaction between these genetic alterations could facilitate a clearer understanding of the role of CSF3R mutations in AML development and may be used for disease classification, prognosis, and the development of targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital, Langfang, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital, Langfang, China
| | - Xue Chen
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital, Langfang, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital, Langfang, China
| | - Mingyu Wang
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital, Langfang, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital, Langfang, China
| | - Panxiang Cao
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital, Langfang, China
| | - Xiaoli Ma
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital, Langfang, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital, Langfang, China
| | - Jianping Zhang
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Hebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital, Langfang, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Hebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital, Langfang, China
| | - Peihua Lu
- International Medical Center, Hebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital, Langfang, China.,Beijing Lu Daopei Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
| | - Hongxing Liu
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital, Langfang, China.,Beijing Lu Daopei Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
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12
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Rocca S, Carrà G, Poggio P, Morotti A, Brancaccio M. Targeting few to help hundreds: JAK, MAPK and ROCK pathways as druggable targets in atypical chronic myeloid leukemia. Mol Cancer 2018; 17:40. [PMID: 29455651 PMCID: PMC5817721 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-018-0774-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Atypical Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (aCML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by neutrophilic leukocytosis and dysgranulopoiesis. From a genetic point of view, aCML shows a heterogeneous mutational landscape with mutations affecting signal transduction proteins but also broad genetic modifiers and chromatin remodelers, making difficult to understand the molecular mechanisms causing the onset of the disease. The JAK-STAT, MAPK and ROCK pathways are known to be responsible for myeloproliferation in physiological conditions and to be aberrantly activated in myeloproliferative diseases. Furthermore, experimental evidences suggest the efficacy of inhibitors targeting these pathways in repressing myeloproliferation, opening the way to deep clinical investigations. However, the activation status of these pathways is rarely analyzed when genetic mutations do not occur in a component of the signaling cascade. Given that mutations in functionally unrelated genes give rise to the same pathology, it is tempting to speculate that alteration in the few signaling pathways mentioned above might be a common feature of pathological myeloproliferation. If so, targeted therapy would be an option to be considered for aCML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Rocca
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Giovanna Carrà
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Pietro Poggio
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandro Morotti
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Mara Brancaccio
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126, Torino, Italy.
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13
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Somatic mutations and clonal hematopoiesis in congenital neutropenia. Blood 2017; 131:408-416. [PMID: 29092827 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-08-801985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe congenital neutropenia (SCN) and Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS) are congenital neutropenia syndromes with a high rate of leukemic transformation. Hematopoietic stressors may contribute to leukemic transformation by increasing the mutation rate in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) and/or by promoting clonal hematopoiesis. We sequenced the exome of individual hematopoietic colonies derived from 13 patients with congenital neutropenia to measure total mutation burden and performed error-corrected sequencing on a panel of 46 genes on 80 patients with congenital neutropenia to assess for clonal hematopoiesis. An average of 3.6 ± 1.2 somatic mutations per exome was identified in HSPCs from patients with SCN compared with 3.9 ± 0.4 for healthy controls (P = NS). Clonal hematopoiesis due to mutations in TP53 was present in 48% (13/27) of patients with SDS but was not seen in healthy controls (0/17, P < .001) or patients with SCN (0/40, P < .001). Our SDS cohort was young (median age 6.3 years), and many of the patients had multiple TP53 mutations. Conversely, clonal hematopoiesis due to mutations of CSF3R was present in patients with SCN but was not detected in healthy controls or patients with SDS. These data show that hematopoietic stress, including granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, do not increase the mutation burden in HSPCs in congenital neutropenia. Rather, distinct hematopoietic stressors result in the selective expansion of HSPCs carrying specific gene mutations. In particular, in SDS there is enormous selective pressure to expand TP53-mutated HSPCs, suggesting that acquisition of TP53 mutations is an early, likely initiating event, in the transformation to myelodysplastic syndrome/acute myeloid leukemia in patients with SDS.
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14
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Abstract
Chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL) is a distinct myeloproliferative neoplasm with a high prevalence (>80%) of mutations in the colony-stimulating factor 3 receptor (CSF3R). These mutations activate the receptor, leading to the proliferation of neutrophils that are a hallmark of CNL. Recently, the World Health Organization guidelines have been updated to include CSF3R mutations as part of the diagnostic criteria for CNL. Because of the high prevalence of CSF3R mutations in CNL, it is tempting to think of this disease as being solely driven by this genetic lesion. However, recent additional genomic characterization demonstrates that CNL has much in common with other chronic myeloid malignancies at the genetic level, such as the clinically related diagnosis atypical chronic myeloid leukemia. These commonalities include mutations in SETBP1, spliceosome proteins (SRSF2, U2AF1), and epigenetic modifiers (TET2, ASXL1). Some of these same mutations also have been characterized as frequent events in clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential, suggesting a more complex disease evolution than was previously understood and raising the possibility that an age-related clonal process of preleukemic cells could precede the development of CNL. The order of acquisition of CSF3R mutations relative to mutations in SETBP1, epigenetic modifiers, or the spliceosome has been determined only in isolated case reports; thus, further work is needed to understand the impact of mutation chronology on the clonal evolution and progression of CNL. Understanding the complete landscape and chronology of genomic events in CNL will help in the development of improved therapeutic strategies for this patient population.
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15
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G-CSF supports long-term muscle regeneration in mouse models of muscular dystrophy. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6745. [PMID: 25865621 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a chronic and life-threatening disease that is initially supported by muscle regeneration but eventually shows satellite cell exhaustion and muscular dysfunction. The life-long maintenance of skeletal muscle homoeostasis requires the satellite stem cell pool to be preserved. Asymmetric cell division plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of the satellite cell pool. Here we show that granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor (G-CSFR) is asymmetrically expressed in activated satellite cells. G-CSF positively affects the satellite cell population during multiple stages of differentiation in ex vivo cultured fibres. G-CSF could be important in developing an effective therapy for DMD based on its potential to modulate the supply of multiple stages of regenerated myocytes. This study shows that the G-CSF-G-CSFR axis is fundamentally important for long-term muscle regeneration, functional maintenance and lifespan extension in mouse models of DMD with varying severities.
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16
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Sano H, Ohki K, Park MJ, Shiba N, Hara Y, Sotomatsu M, Tomizawa D, Taga T, Kiyokawa N, Tawa A, Horibe K, Adachi S, Hayashi Y. CSF3R and CALR mutations in paediatric myeloid disorders and the association of CSF3R mutations with translocations, including t(8; 21). Br J Haematol 2015; 170:391-7. [PMID: 25858548 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.13439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the colony-stimulating factor 3 receptor (CSF3R) and calreticulin (CALR) genes have been reported in a proportion of adults with myeloproliferative disease. However, little is known about CSF3R or CALR mutations in paediatric myeloid disorders. We analysed CSF3R exons 14 and 17, and CALR exon 9, using direct sequencing in samples of paediatric acute myeloid leukaemia (AML; n = 521), juvenile myelomonocytic leukaemia (JMML; n = 40), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS; n = 20) and essential thrombocythaemia (ET; n = 21). CSF3R mutations were found in 10 (1.2%) of 521 patients with AML; two in exon 14 (both missense mutations resulting in p.T618I) and eight in exon 17 (three frameshift mutations: p.S715X, p.Q774R, and p.S783Q; and five novel missense mutations: p.Q754K, p.R769H, p.L777F, p.T781I, and S795R). All of the patients with mutations in CSF3R exon 17 had chromosomal translocations, including four with t(8;21). At the time of reporting, seven of these ten patients are alive; three have died, due to side effects of chemotherapy. No CSF3R mutations were found in cases of MDS, JMML or ET. The only mutation found in the CALR gene was a frameshift (p.L367 fs) in one ET patient. We discuss the potential impact of these findings for the leukaemogenesis and clinical features of paediatric myeloid disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Sano
- Department of Haematology/Oncology, Gunma Children's Medical Centre, Shibukawa, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ohki
- Department of Haematology/Oncology, Gunma Children's Medical Centre, Shibukawa, Japan
| | - Myoung-Ja Park
- Department of Haematology/Oncology, Gunma Children's Medical Centre, Shibukawa, Japan
| | - Norio Shiba
- Department of Haematology/Oncology, Gunma Children's Medical Centre, Shibukawa, Japan.,Department of Paediatrics, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Yusuke Hara
- Department of Haematology/Oncology, Gunma Children's Medical Centre, Shibukawa, Japan.,Department of Paediatrics, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Manabu Sotomatsu
- Department of Haematology/Oncology, Gunma Children's Medical Centre, Shibukawa, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tomizawa
- Division of Leukaemia and Lymphoma, Children's Cancer Centre, National Centre for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Taga
- Department of Paediatrics, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Kiyokawa
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology Research National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akio Tawa
- Department of Paediatrics, National Hospital Organization Osaka National Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keizo Horibe
- Department of Paediatrics, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Centre, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Souichi Adachi
- Department of Human Health Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuhide Hayashi
- Department of Haematology/Oncology, Gunma Children's Medical Centre, Shibukawa, Japan
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17
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Touw IP. Game of clones: the genomic evolution of severe congenital neutropenia. HEMATOLOGY. AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEMATOLOGY. EDUCATION PROGRAM 2015; 2015:1-7. [PMID: 26637693 DOI: 10.1182/asheducation-2015.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Severe congenital neutropenia (SCN) is a genetically heterogeneous condition of bone marrow failure usually diagnosed in early childhood and characterized by a chronic and severe shortage of neutrophils. It is now well-established that mutations in HAX1 and ELANE (and more rarely in other genes) are the genetic cause of SCN. In contrast, it has remained unclear how these mutations affect neutrophil development. Innovative models based on induced pluripotent stem cell technology are being explored to address this issue. These days, most SCN patients receive life-long treatment with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF, CSF3). CSF3 therapy has greatly improved the life expectancy of SCN patients, but also unveiled a high frequency of progression toward myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and therapy refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Expansion of hematopoietic clones with acquired mutations in the gene encoding the G-CSF receptor (CSF3R) is regularly seen in SCN patients and AML usually descends from one of these CSF3R mutant clones. These findings raised the questions how CSF3R mutations affect CSF3 responses of myeloid progenitors, how they contribute to the pre-leukemic state of SCN, and which additional events are responsible for progression to leukemia. The vast (sub)clonal heterogeneity of AML and the presence of AML-associated mutations in normally aged hematopoietic clones make it often difficult to determine which mutations are responsible for the leukemic process. Leukemia predisposition syndromes such as SCN are unique disease models to identify the sequential acquisition of these mutations and to interrogate how they contribute to clonal selection and leukemic evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo P Touw
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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18
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Wright CR, Brown EL, Della-Gatta PA, Ward AC, Lynch GS, Russell AP. G-CSF does not influence C2C12 myogenesis despite receptor expression in healthy and dystrophic skeletal muscle. Front Physiol 2014; 5:170. [PMID: 24822049 PMCID: PMC4013466 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) increases recovery of rodent skeletal muscles after injury, and increases muscle function in rodent models of neuromuscular disease. However, the mechanisms by which G-CSF mediates these effects are poorly understood. G-CSF acts by binding to the membrane spanning G-CSFR and activating multiple intracellular signaling pathways. Expression of the G-CSFR within the haematopoietic system is well known, but more recently it has been demonstrated to be expressed in other tissues. However, comprehensive characterization of G-CSFR expression in healthy and diseased skeletal muscle, imperative before implementing G-CSF as a therapeutic agent for skeletal muscle conditions, has been lacking. Here we show that the G-CSFR is expressed in proliferating C2C12 myoblasts, differentiated C2C12 myotubes, human primary skeletal muscle cell cultures and in mouse and human skeletal muscle. In mdx mice, a model of human Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), G-CSF mRNA and protein was down-regulated in limb and diaphragm muscle, but circulating G-CSF ligand levels were elevated. G-CSFR mRNA in the muscles of mdx mice was up-regulated however steady-state levels of the protein were down-regulated. We show that G-CSF does not influence C2C12 myoblast proliferation, differentiation or phosphorylation of Akt, STAT3, and Erk1/2. Media change alone was sufficient to elicit increases in Akt, STAT3, and Erk1/2 phosphorylation in C2C12 muscle cells and suggest previous observations showing a G-CSF increase in phosphoprotein signaling be viewed with caution. These results suggest that the actions of G-CSF may require the interaction with other cytokines and growth factors in vivo, however these data provides preliminary evidence supporting the investigation of G-CSF for the management of muscular dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig R Wright
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University Burwood, VIC, Australia
| | - Erin L Brown
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University Burwood, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul A Della-Gatta
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University Burwood, VIC, Australia
| | - Alister C Ward
- Molecular and Medical Research SRC, School of Medicine, Deakin University Waurn Ponds, VIC, Australia
| | - Gordon S Lynch
- Basic and Clinical Myology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne VIC, Australia
| | - Aaron P Russell
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University Burwood, VIC, Australia
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19
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Liongue C, Ward AC. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor mutations in myeloid malignancy. Front Oncol 2014; 4:93. [PMID: 24822171 PMCID: PMC4013473 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor is a cytokine able to stimulate both myelopoiesis and hematopoietic stem cell mobilization, which has seen it used extensively in the clinic to aid hematopoietic recovery. It acts specifically via the homodimeric granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor (G-CSFR), which is principally expressed on the surface of myeloid and hematopoietic progenitor cells. A number of pathogenic mutations have now been identified in CSF3R, the gene encoding G-CSFR. These fall into distinct classes, each of which is associated with a particular spectrum of myeloid disorders, including malignancy. This review details the various CSF3R mutations, their mechanisms of action, and contribution to disease, as well as discussing the clinical implications of such mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clifford Liongue
- School of Medicine, Deakin University , Geelong, VIC , Australia ; Strategic Research Centre in Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University , Geelong, VIC , Australia
| | - Alister Curtis Ward
- School of Medicine, Deakin University , Geelong, VIC , Australia ; Strategic Research Centre in Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University , Geelong, VIC , Australia
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20
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Ficarro SB, Biagi JM, Wang J, Scotcher J, Koleva RI, Card JD, Adelmant G, He H, Askenazi M, Marshall AG, Young NL, Gray NS, Marto JA. Protected amine labels: a versatile molecular scaffold for multiplexed nominal mass and sub-Da isotopologue quantitative proteomic reagents. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2014; 25:636-650. [PMID: 24496597 PMCID: PMC3971929 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-013-0811-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We assemble a versatile molecular scaffold from simple building blocks to create binary and multiplexed stable isotope reagents for quantitative mass spectrometry. Termed Protected Amine Labels (PAL), these reagents offer multiple analytical figures of merit including, (1) robust targeting of peptide N-termini and lysyl side chains, (2) optimal mass spectrometry ionization efficiency through regeneration of primary amines on labeled peptides, (3) an amino acid-based mass tag that incorporates heavy isotopes of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen to ensure matched physicochemical and MS/MS fragmentation behavior among labeled peptides, and (4) a molecularly efficient architecture, in which the majority of hetero-atom centers can be used to synthesize a variety of nominal mass and sub-Da isotopologue stable isotope reagents. We demonstrate the performance of these reagents in well-established strategies whereby up to four channels of peptide isotopomers, each separated by 4 Da, are quantified in MS-level scans with accuracies comparable to current commercial reagents. In addition, we utilize the PAL scaffold to create isotopologue reagents in which labeled peptide analogs differ in mass based on the binding energy in carbon and nitrogen nuclei, thereby allowing quantification based on MS or MS/MS spectra. We demonstrate accurate quantification for reagents that support 6-plex labeling and propose extension of this scheme to 9-channels based on a similar PAL scaffold. Finally, we provide exemplar data that extend the application of isotopologe-based quantification reagents to medium resolution, quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott B. Ficarro
- Department of Cancer Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Blais Proteomics Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jessica M. Biagi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Blais Proteomics Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jinhua Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jenna Scotcher
- Ion Cyclotron Resonance Program, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL
| | - Rositsa I. Koleva
- Department of Cancer Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Joseph D. Card
- Department of Cancer Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Blais Proteomics Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Guillaume Adelmant
- Department of Cancer Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Blais Proteomics Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Huan He
- Ion Cyclotron Resonance Program, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL
| | - Manor Askenazi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Blais Proteomics Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alan G. Marshall
- Ion Cyclotron Resonance Program, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL
| | - Nicolas L. Young
- Ion Cyclotron Resonance Program, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL
| | - Nathanael S. Gray
- Department of Cancer Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jarrod A. Marto
- Department of Cancer Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Blais Proteomics Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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21
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Maxson JE, Gotlib J, Pollyea DA, Fleischman AG, Agarwal A, Eide CA, Bottomly D, Wilmot B, McWeeney SK, Tognon CE, Pond JB, Collins RH, Goueli B, Oh ST, Deininger MW, Chang BH, Loriaux MM, Druker BJ, Tyner JW. Oncogenic CSF3R mutations in chronic neutrophilic leukemia and atypical CML. N Engl J Med 2013; 368:1781-90. [PMID: 23656643 PMCID: PMC3730275 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1214514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 421] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The molecular causes of many hematologic cancers remain unclear. Among these cancers are chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL) and atypical (BCR-ABL1-negative) chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), both of which are diagnosed on the basis of neoplastic expansion of granulocytic cells and exclusion of genetic drivers that are known to occur in other myeloproliferative neoplasms and myeloproliferative-myelodysplastic overlap neoplasms. METHODS To identify potential genetic drivers in these disorders, we used an integrated approach of deep sequencing coupled with the screening of primary leukemia cells obtained from patients with CNL or atypical CML against panels of tyrosine kinase-specific small interfering RNAs or small-molecule kinase inhibitors. We validated candidate oncogenes using in vitro transformation assays, and drug sensitivities were validated with the use of assays of primary-cell colonies. RESULTS We identified activating mutations in the gene encoding the receptor for colony-stimulating factor 3 (CSF3R) in 16 of 27 patients (59%) with CNL or atypical CML. These mutations segregate within two distinct regions of CSF3R and lead to preferential downstream kinase signaling through SRC family-TNK2 or JAK kinases and differential sensitivity to kinase inhibitors. A patient with CNL carrying a JAK-activating CSF3R mutation had marked clinical improvement after the administration of the JAK1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib. CONCLUSIONS Mutations in CSF3R are common in patients with CNL or atypical CML and represent a potentially useful criterion for diagnosing these neoplasms. (Funded by the Leukemia and Lymphoma Society and others.).
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Humans
- Janus Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Leukemia, Lymphoid/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic, Atypical, BCR-ABL Negative/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic, Atypical, BCR-ABL Negative/genetics
- Leukemia, Neutrophilic, Chronic/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Neutrophilic, Chronic/genetics
- Mice
- Mutation
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- RNA, Small Interfering
- Receptors, Colony-Stimulating Factor/genetics
- Signal Transduction/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia E Maxson
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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Balamayooran G, Batra S, Balamayooran T, Cai S, Pacher P, Jeyaseelan S. Intrapulmonary G-CSF rescues neutrophil recruitment to the lung and neutrophil release to blood in Gram-negative bacterial infection in MCP-1-/- mice. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2012; 189:5849-59. [PMID: 23129755 PMCID: PMC3518636 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1200585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that MCP-1 is important for E. coli-induced neutrophil migration to the lungs. However, E. coli neither disseminates nor induces death in mice. Furthermore, the cell types and the host defense mechanisms that contribute to MCP-1-dependent neutrophil trafficking have not been defined. In this study, we sought to explore the cell types and the mechanisms associated with Klebsiella pneumoniae-mediated MCP-1-dependent neutrophil influx. MCP-1(-/-) mice are more susceptible to pulmonary K. pneumoniae infection and show higher bacterial burden in the lungs and dissemination. MCP-1(-/-) mice also display attenuated neutrophil influx, cytokine/chemokine production, and activation of NF-κB and MAPKs following intratracheal K. pneumoniae infection. rMCP-1 treatment in MCP-1(-/-) mice following K. pneumoniae infection rescued impairment in survival, bacterial clearance, and neutrophil accumulation in the lung. Neutrophil numbers in the blood of MCP-1(-/-) mice were associated with G-CSF concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and blood. Bone marrow or resident cell-derived MCP-1 contributed to bacterial clearance, neutrophil accumulation, and cytokine/chemokine production in the lungs following infection. Furthermore, exogenous MCP-1 dose dependently increased neutrophil counts and G-CSF concentrations in the blood. Intriguingly, administration of intratracheal rG-CSF to MCP-1(-/-) mice after K. pneumoniae infection rescued survival, bacterial clearance and dissemination, and neutrophil influx in MCP-1(-/-) mice. Collectively, these novel findings unveil an unrecognized role of MCP-1 in neutrophil-mediated host immunity during K. pneumoniae pneumonia and illustrate that G-CSF could be used to rescue impairment in host immunity in individuals with absent or malfunctional MCP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathriy Balamayooran
- Laboratory of Lung Biology, Department of Pathobiological Sciences and Center for Experimental Infectious Disease Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Sanjay Batra
- Laboratory of Lung Biology, Department of Pathobiological Sciences and Center for Experimental Infectious Disease Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Theivanthiran Balamayooran
- Laboratory of Lung Biology, Department of Pathobiological Sciences and Center for Experimental Infectious Disease Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Shanshan Cai
- Laboratory of Lung Biology, Department of Pathobiological Sciences and Center for Experimental Infectious Disease Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Pal Pacher
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Samithamby Jeyaseelan
- Laboratory of Lung Biology, Department of Pathobiological Sciences and Center for Experimental Infectious Disease Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112
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Touw IP, Palande K, Beekman R. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor signaling: implications for G-CSF responses and leukemic progression in severe congenital neutropenia. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2012; 27:61-73, viii. [PMID: 23351988 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2012.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Following activation by their cognate ligands, cytokine receptors undergo intracellular routing toward lysosomes, where they are degraded. This review focuses on the signaling function of the G-CSFR in relation to the dynamics of endosomal routing of the G-CSFR. Mechanisms involving receptor lysine ubiquitination and redox-controlled phosphatase activities are discussed. Specific attention is paid to the consequences of G-CSFR mutations, acquired in patients with severe congenital neutropenias who receive G-CSF therapy, particularly in the context of leukemic transformation, a major clinical complication of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo P Touw
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Dr Molewaterplein 50 3015 GE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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24
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Zhong Y, Wu J, Chen B, Ma R, Cao H, Wang Z, Cheng L, Ding J, Feng J. Investigation and analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms in Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription genes with leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2012; 53:1216-21. [PMID: 22126101 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2011.645212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant activation of the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway may predispose to leukemia due to deregulation of proliferation, differentiation or apoptosis. This study was conducted to investigate whether any association exists between genetic polymorphisms in the JAK2, STAT3 and STAT5 genes and individual susceptibility to leukemia. A case-control study was carried out using a Chinese sample set with 344 cases of leukemia and 346 controls matched by age and ethnicity. Genomic DNA was assayed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) on 13 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Genotype analyses showed that two SNPs, namely rs17886724 and rs2293157 located in STAT3 and STAT5, respectively, were significantly associated with leukemia (p < 0.05 for all). Interaction analyses of SNPs (rs17886724|rs2293157; rs11079041| rs2293157) showed that there were inferior associations in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) compared to the control group (0.1 > p > 0.05). Linkage disequilibrium existed between rs11079041 and rs2293157 in both leukemia and control groups (r(2) = 0.7). The haplotypes displayed significant association between rs11079041 and rs2293157 in both leukemia and control groups (p < 0.05). The accuracy rate of the support vector machine (SVM) classification model in making a prediction of leukemia was 97%. The results indicated that STAT3 and STAT5 gene SNPs may be prognostic of leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuejiao Zhong
- Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
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25
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Avalos BR, Lazaryan A, Copelan EA. Can G-CSF Cause Leukemia in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Donors? Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2011; 17:1739-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2011.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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26
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Kunter G, Woloszynek JR, Link DC. A truncation mutant of Csf3r cooperates with PML-RARα to induce acute myeloid leukemia in mice. Exp Hematol 2011; 39:1136-43. [PMID: 21911095 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2011.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Revised: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 08/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Severe congenital neutropenia is associated with a marked propensity to develop myelodysplasia or acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Truncation mutations of CSF3R, encoding the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor (G-CSFR), are associated with development of myelodysplasia/AML in severe congenital neutropenia. However, a causal relationship between CSF3R mutations and leukemic transformation has not been established. Herein, we show that truncated G-CSFR cooperates with the PML-RARα oncogene to induce AML in mice. Expression of truncated G-CSFR significantly shortens the latency of AML in a G-CSF-dependent fashion and it is associated with a distinct AML presentation characterized by higher blast counts and more severe myelosuppression. Basal and G-CSF-induced signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 5, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation were highly variable but similar in leukemic blasts expressing wild-type and truncated G-CSFR. These data provide new evidence suggesting a causative role for CSF3R mutations in human AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada Kunter
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo., USA
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27
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Abstract
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) has been used in the clinic for more than 2 decades to treat congenital and acquired neutropenias and to reduce febrile neutropenia before or during courses of intensive cytoreductive therapy. In addition, healthy stem cell donors receive short-term treatment with G-CSF for mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells. G-CSF has also been applied in priming strategies designed to enhance the sensitivity of leukemia stem cells to cytotoxic agents, in protocols aimed to induce their differentiation and accompanying growth arrest and cell death, and in severe aplastic anemia and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) to alleviate anemia. The potential adverse effects of G-CSF administration, particularly the risk of malignant transformation, have fueled ongoing debates, some of which can only be settled in follow-up studies extending over several decades. This specifically applies to children with severe congenital neutropenia who receive lifelong treatment with G-CSF and in which the high susceptibility to develop MDS and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has now become a major clinical concern. Here, we will highlight some of the controversies and challenges regarding the clinical application of G-CSF and discuss a possible role of G-CSF in malignant transformation, particularly in patients with neutropenia harboring mutations in the gene encoding the G-CSF receptor.
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28
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Piper MG, Massullo PR, Loveland M, Druhan LJ, Kindwall-Keller TL, Ai J, Copelan A, Avalos BR. Neutrophil elastase downmodulates native G-CSFR expression and granulocyte-macrophage colony formation. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2010; 7:5. [PMID: 20205821 PMCID: PMC2824667 DOI: 10.1186/1476-9255-7-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2009] [Accepted: 01/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor (G-CSFR) plays a critical role in maintaining homeostatic levels of circulating neutrophils (PMN). The mechanisms modulating G-CSFR surface expression to prevent chronic neutrophilia are poorly understood. Here, we report that neutrophil elastase (NE) proteolytically cleaves the G-CSFR on human PMN and blocks G-CSFR-mediated granulopoiesis in vitro. METHODS Human peripheral blood PMN isolated from healthy donors were incubated with NE. Expression of the G-CSFR was analyzed by flow cytometry and western blot analyses. Detection of G-CSFR cleavage products from the culture supernatants was also performed. Human bone marrow mononuclear cells were also cultured in the presence or absence of NE to determine its effects on the proliferation of granulocyte-macrophage colony forming units (CFU-GM). RESULTS Treatment of PMN with NE induced a time-dependent decrease in G-CSFR expression that correlated with its degradation and the appearance of proteolytic cleavage fragments in conditioned media. Immunoblot analysis confirmed the G-CSFR was cleaved at its amino-terminus. Treatment of progenitor cells with NE prior to culture inhibited the growth of granulocyte-macrophage colony forming units. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that in addition to transcriptional controls and ligand-induced internalization, direct proteolytic cleavage of the G-CSFR by NE also downregulates G-CSFR expression and inhibits G-CSFR-mediated granulopoiesis in vitro. Our results suggest that NE negatively regulates granulopoiesis through a novel negative feedback loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa G Piper
- The Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210, OH, USA.
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29
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Parker MJ, Xue S, Alexander JJ, Wasserfall CH, Campbell-Thompson ML, Battaglia M, Gregori S, Mathews CE, Song S, Troutt M, Eisenbeis S, Williams J, Schatz DA, Haller MJ, Atkinson MA. Immune depletion with cellular mobilization imparts immunoregulation and reverses autoimmune diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice. Diabetes 2009; 58:2277-84. [PMID: 19628781 PMCID: PMC2750219 DOI: 10.2337/db09-0557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The autoimmune destruction of beta-cells in type 1 diabetes results in a loss of insulin production and glucose homeostasis. As such, an immense interest exists for the development of therapies capable of attenuating this destructive process through restoration of proper immune recognition. Therefore, we investigated the ability of the immune-depleting agent antithymocyte globulin (ATG), as well as the mobilization agent granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF), to reverse overt hyperglycemia in the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse model of type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Effects of each therapy were tested in pre-diabetic and diabetic female NOD mice using measurements of glycemia, regulatory T-cell (CD4+CD25+Foxp3+) frequency, insulitis, and/or beta-cell area. RESULTS Here, we show that combination therapy of murine ATG and GCSF was remarkably effective at reversing new-onset diabetes in NOD mice and more efficacious than either agent alone. This combination also afforded durable reversal from disease (>180 days postonset) in animals having pronounced hyperglycemia (i.e., up to 500 mg/dl). Additionally, glucose control improved over time in mice subject to remission from type 1 diabetes. Mechanistically, this combination therapy resulted in both immunological (increases in CD4-to-CD8 ratios and splenic regulatory T-cell frequencies) and physiological (increase in the pancreatic beta-cell area, attenuation of pancreatic inflammation) benefits. CONCLUSIONS In addition to lending further credence to the notion that combination therapies can enhance efficacy in addressing autoimmune disease, these studies also support the concept for utilizing agents designed for other clinical applications as a means to expedite efforts involving therapeutic translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Parker
- Department of Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Song Xue
- Department of Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - John J. Alexander
- Department of Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | | | | | - Manuela Battaglia
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (HSR-TIGET), Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Gregori
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (HSR-TIGET), Milan, Italy
| | | | - Sihong Song
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | | | | | | | - Desmond A. Schatz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Michael J. Haller
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Mark A. Atkinson
- Department of Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- Corresponding author: Mark Atkinson,
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30
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Kimura A, Sultana TA. Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Receptors on CD34++Cells in Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS) and MDS-Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2009; 45:1995-2000. [PMID: 15370243 DOI: 10.1080/10428190410001714034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We studied surface expression of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor (G-CSFR) on CD34++ progenitor cells of myelodysplastic patients. Late stages of disease showed a higher proportion of high or low G-CSFR expression than early stages. Most of the patients with the low expression had neutropenia. Neutropenia was relatively less present in the normal group, but it reappeared in the high group. All the neutropenic patients in the high group showed response to G-CSF, while response in the normal group was minor. These findings suggest that lowered expression of G-CSFR leads to neutropenia in myelodysplastic patients. This article reviewed the knowledge of the G-CSFR and its role in the disorders of granulopoiesis, including myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiro Kimura
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Japan.
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31
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Jilma B, Hergovich N, Homoncik M, Jilma-Stohlawetz P, Kreuzer C, Eichler HG, Zellner M, Pugin J. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) downregulates its receptor (CD114) on neutrophils and induces gelatinase B release in humans. Br J Haematol 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2000.02320.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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32
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Link DC, Kunter G, Kasai Y, Zhao Y, Miner T, McLellan MD, Ries RE, Kapur D, Nagarajan R, Dale DC, Bolyard AA, Boxer LA, Welte K, Zeidler C, Donadieu J, Bellanné-Chantelot C, Vardiman JW, Caligiuri MA, Bloomfield CD, DiPersio JF, Tomasson MH, Graubert TA, Westervelt P, Watson M, Shannon W, Baty J, Mardis ER, Wilson RK, Ley TJ. Distinct patterns of mutations occurring in de novo AML versus AML arising in the setting of severe congenital neutropenia. Blood 2007; 110:1648-55. [PMID: 17494858 PMCID: PMC1975847 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2007-03-081216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2007] [Accepted: 04/23/2007] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe congenital neutropenia (SCN) is an inborn disorder of granulopoiesis. Like most other bone marrow failure syndromes, it is associated with a marked propensity to transform into a myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or acute leukemia, with a cumulative rate of transformation to MDS/leukemia that exceeds 20%. The genetic (and/or epigenetic) changes that contribute to malignant transformation in SCN are largely unknown. In this study, we performed mutational profiling of 14 genes previously implicated in leukemogenesis using 14 MDS/leukemia samples from patients with SCN. We used high-throughput exon-based resequencing of whole-genome-amplified genomic DNA with a semiautomated method to detect mutations. The sensitivity and specificity of the sequencing pipeline was validated by determining the frequency of mutations in these 14 genes using 188 de novo AML samples. As expected, mutations of tyrosine kinase genes (FLT3, KIT, and JAK2) were common in de novo AML, with a cumulative frequency of 30%. In contrast, no mutations in these genes were detected in the SCN samples; instead, mutations of CSF3R, encoding the G-CSF receptor, were common. These data support the hypothesis that mutations of CSF3R may provide the "activated tyrosine kinase signal" that is thought to be important for leukemogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Link
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Gits J, van Leeuwen D, Carroll HP, Touw IP, Ward AC. Multiple pathways contribute to the hyperproliferative responses from truncated granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptors. Leukemia 2006; 20:2111-8. [PMID: 17066093 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor (G-CSF-R) gene leading to a truncated protein have been identified in a cohort of neutropenia patients highly predisposed to acute myeloid leukemia. Such mutations act in a dominant manner resulting in hyperproliferation but impaired differentiation in response to G-CSF. This is due, at least in part, to defective internalization and loss of binding sites for several negative regulators, leading to sustained receptor activation. However, those signaling pathways responsible for mediating the hyperproliferative function have remained unclear. In this study, analysis of an additional G-CSF-R mutant confirmed the importance of residues downstream of Box 2 as important contributors to the sustained proliferation. However, maximal proliferation correlated with the ability to robustly activate signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 5 in a sustained manner, whereas co-expression of dominant-negative STAT5, but not dominant-negative STAT3, was able to inhibit G-CSF-stimulated proliferation from a truncated receptor. Furthermore, a Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor also strongly reduced the proliferative response, whereas inhibitors of mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase (MEK) or phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase reduced proliferation to a lesser degree. These data suggest that sustained JAK2/STAT5 activation is a major contributor to the hyperproliferative function of truncated G-CSF receptors, with pathways involving MEK and PI 3-kinase playing a reduced role.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gits
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Mermel CH, McLemore ML, Liu F, Pereira S, Woloszynek J, Lowell CA, Link DC. Src family kinases are important negative regulators of G-CSF-dependent granulopoiesis. Blood 2006; 108:2562-8. [PMID: 16772601 PMCID: PMC1895577 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-05-024307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is the principal cytokine regulating granulopoiesis. Truncation mutations of the G-CSF receptor (G-CSFR) are associated with the development of acute myeloid leukemia in patients with severe congenital neutropenia. Although increased proliferative signaling by a representative G-CSFR truncation mutation (termed d715) has been documented, the molecular basis for this hyperproliferative phenotype has not been fully characterized. Given the accumulating evidence implicating Src family kinases in the transduction of cytokine receptor signals, the role of these kinases in the regulation of G-CSF signaling was examined. We show that Hck and Lyn, Src family kinases expressed in myeloid cells, are negative regulators of granulopoiesis that act at distinct stages of granulocytic differentiation. Whereas Hck regulates the G-CSF-induced proliferation of granulocytic precursors, Lyn regulates the production of myeloid progenitors. Interestingly, d715 G-CSFR myeloid progenitors were resistant to the growth-stimulating effect of treatment with a Src kinase inhibitor. Together, these data establish Lyn and Hck as key negative regulators of granulopoiesis and raise the possibility that loss of Src family kinase activation by the d715 G-CSFR may contribute to its hyperproliferative phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig H Mermel
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave, Campus Box 8007, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
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35
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Abstract
Neutrophils are critical components of the innate immune response, and persistent neutropenia is associated with a marked susceptibility to infection. There are a number of inherited clinical syndromes in which neutropenia is a prominent feature. A study of these rare disorders has provided insight into the mechanisms regulating normal neutrophil homeostasis. Tremendous progress has been made at defining the genetic basis of these disorders. Herein, progress in understanding the genetic basis and molecular mechanisms of these disorders is discussed. We have focused our discussion on inherited disorders in which neutropenia is the sole or major hematopoietic defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Grenda
- Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
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36
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Steffen B, Müller-Tidow C, Schwäble J, Berdel WE, Serve H. The molecular pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2005; 56:195-221. [PMID: 16236521 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2004.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2004] [Revised: 09/30/2004] [Accepted: 10/28/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The description of the molecular pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemias (AML) has seen dramatic progress over the last years. Two major types of genetic events have been described that are crucial for leukemic transformation: alterations in myeloid transcription factors governing hematopoietic differentiation and activating mutations of signal transduction intermediates. These processes are highly interdependent, since the molecular events changing the transcriptional control in hematopoietic progenitor cells modify the composition of signal transduction molecules available for growth factor receptors, while the activating mutations in signal transduction molecules induce alterations in the activity and expression of several transcription factors that are crucial for normal myeloid differentiation. The purpose of this article is to review the current literature describing these genetic events, their biological consequences and their clinical implications. As the article will show, the recent description of several critical transforming mutations in AML may soon give rise to more efficient and less toxic molecularly targeted therapies of this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Steffen
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Strasse 33, 48129 Münster, Germany
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37
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Prasher JM, Lalai AS, Heijmans-Antonissen C, Ploemacher RE, Hoeijmakers JHJ, Touw IP, Niedernhofer LJ. Reduced hematopoietic reserves in DNA interstrand crosslink repair-deficient Ercc1-/- mice. EMBO J 2005; 24:861-71. [PMID: 15692571 PMCID: PMC549615 DOI: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7600542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2004] [Accepted: 12/10/2004] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The ERCC1-XPF heterodimer is a structure-specific endonuclease involved in both nucleotide excision repair and interstrand crosslink repair. Mice carrying a genetic defect in Ercc1 display symptoms suggestive of a progressive, segmental progeria, indicating that disruption of one or both of these DNA damage repair pathways accelerates aging. In the hematopoietic system, there are defined age-associated changes for which the cause is unknown. To determine if DNA repair is critical to prolonged hematopoietic function, hematopoiesis in Ercc1-/- mice was compared to that in young and old wild-type mice. Ercc1-/- mice (3-week-old) exhibited multilineage cytopenia and fatty replacement of bone marrow, similar to old wild-type mice. In addition, the proliferative reserves of hematopoietic progenitors and stress erythropoiesis were significantly reduced in Ercc1-/- mice compared to age-matched controls. These features were not seen in nucleotide excision repair-deficient Xpa-/- mice, but are characteristic of Fanconi anemia, a human cancer syndrome caused by defects in interstrand crosslink repair. These data support the hypothesis that spontaneous interstrand crosslink damage contributes to the functional decline of the hematopoietic system associated with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna M Prasher
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Astrid S Lalai
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Robert E Ploemacher
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan H J Hoeijmakers
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ivo P Touw
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus Medical Center, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Tel.: +31 1040 87837; Fax: +31 1040 89470; E-mail:
| | - Laura J Niedernhofer
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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38
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Druhan LJ, Ai J, Massullo P, Kindwall-Keller T, Ranalli MA, Avalos BR. Novel mechanism of G-CSF refractoriness in patients with severe congenital neutropenia. Blood 2004; 105:584-91. [PMID: 15353486 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2004-07-2613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe congenital neutropenia (SCN) is a rare disease diagnosed at or soon after birth, characterized by a myeloid maturation arrest in the bone marrow, ineffective neutrophil production, and recurrent infections. Most patients respond to treatment with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), and the majority harbor mutations in the neutrophil elastase gene. In the subset of patients with SCN transforming to acute myeloid leukemia (AML), mutations that truncate the cytoplasmic tail of the G-CSF receptor (G-CSFR) have been detected. Here, we report a novel mutation in the extracellular portion of the G-CSFR within the WSXWS motif in a patient with SCN without AML who was refractory to G-CSF treatment. The mutation affected a single allele and introduced a premature stop codon that deletes the distal extracellular region and the entire transmembrane and cytoplasmic portions of the G-CSFR. Expression of the mutant receptor in either myeloid or lymphoid cells was shown to alter subcellular trafficking of the wild-type (WT) G-CSFR by constitutively heterodimerizing with it. WT/mutant G-CSFR heterodimers appeared to be retained in the endoplasmic reticulum and/or Golgi and accumulate intracellularly. These findings together with 2 previous case reports of extracellular mutations in the G-CSFR in patients with SCN unresponsive to G-CSF suggest a common mechanism underlying G-CSF refractoriness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence J Druhan
- Bone Marrow Transplant Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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39
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van de Geijn GJM, Gits J, Touw IP. Distinct activities of suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins and involvement of the SOCS box in controlling G-CSF signaling. J Leukoc Biol 2004; 76:237-44. [PMID: 15107455 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0104041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) induces proliferation of myeloid progenitor cells and controls their differentiation into mature neutrophils. Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins STAT3 and STAT5 are activated by G-CSF and play distinct roles in neutrophil development. Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins are induced by STATs and inhibit signaling through various negative-feedback mechanisms. SOCS proteins can compete with docking of signaling substrates to receptors, interfere with Janus tyrosine kinase activity, and target proteins for proteasomal degradation. The latter process is mediated through the conserved C-terminal SOCS box. We determined the role of various SOCS proteins in controlling G-CSF responses and investigated the involvement of the SOCS box therein. We show that SOCS1 and SOCS3, but not CIS and SOCS2, inhibited G-CSF-induced STAT activation in human embryo kidney 293 cells. In myeloid 32D cells, SOCS1 and SOCS3 are induced by G-CSF. However, relative to interleukin-3-containing cultures, during G-CSF-induced neutrophilic differentiation, SOCS3 expression was further elevated, while SOCS1 levels remained constant. SOCS box deletion mutants of SOCS1 and SOCS3 were severely hampered in their abilities to inhibit STAT activation and to efficiently suppress colony formation by primary myeloid progenitors in response to G-CSF. These data demonstrate the importance of the SOCS box for the inhibitory effects of SOCS proteins on G-CSF signaling and show that among the different SOCS family members, SOCS3 is the major negative regulator of G-CSF responses during neutrophilic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gert-Jan M van de Geijn
- Institute of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Room Ee 1330c, Dr Molewaterplein 50, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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van de Geijn GJM, Gits J, Aarts LHJ, Heijmans-Antonissen C, Touw IP. G-CSF receptor truncations found in SCN/AML relieve SOCS3-controlled inhibition of STAT5 but leave suppression of STAT3 intact. Blood 2004; 104:667-74. [PMID: 15069015 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2003-08-2913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Truncated granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptors (G-CSF-Rs) are implicated in severe congenital neutropenia (SCN) and the consecutive development of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Mice expressing G-CSF-R truncation mutants (gcsfr-d715) show defective receptor internalization, an increased signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5)/STAT3 activation ratio, and hyperproliferative responses to G-CSF treatment. We determined whether a lack of negative feedback by suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins contributes to the signaling abnormalities of G-CSF-R-d715. Expression of SOCS3 transcripts in bone marrow cells from G-CSF-treated gcsfr-d715 mice was approximately 60% lower than in wild-type (WT) littermates. SOCS3 efficiently suppressed STAT3 and STAT5 activation by WT G-CSF-R in luciferase reporter assays. In contrast, while SOCS3 still inhibited STAT3 activation by G-CSF-R-d715, STAT5 activation was no longer affected. This was due mainly to loss of the SOCS3 recruitment site Tyr729, with an additional contribution of the internalization defects of G-CSF-R-d715. Because Tyr729 is also a docking site for the Src homology 2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-2 (SHP-2), which binds to and inactivates STAT5, we suggest a model in which reduced SOCS3 expression, combined with the loss of recruitment of both SOCS3 and SHP-2 to the activated receptor complex, determine the increased STAT5/STAT3 activation ratio and the resulting signaling abnormalities projected by truncated G-CSF-R mutants.
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41
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van de Geijn GJM, Aarts LHJ, Erkeland SJ, Prasher JM, Touw IP. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and its receptor in normal hematopoietic cell development and myeloid disease. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2004; 149:53-71. [PMID: 12687405 DOI: 10.1007/s10254-003-0014-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoiesis, the process of blood cell formation, is orchestrated by cytokines and growth factors that stimulate the expansion of different progenitor cell subsets and regulate their survival and differentiation into mature blood cells. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is the major hematopoietic growth factor involved in the control of neutrophil development. G-CSF is now applied on a routine basis in the clinic for treatment of congenital and acquired neutropenias. G-CSF activates a receptor of the hematopoietin receptor superfamily, the G-CSF receptor (G-CSF-R), which subsequently triggers multiple signaling mechanisms. Here we review how these mechanisms contribute to the specific responses of hematopoietic cells to G-CSF and how perturbations in the function of the G-CSF-R are implicated in various types of myeloid disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J M van de Geijn
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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42
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Kimura A, Kinjyo I, Matsumura Y, Mori H, Mashima R, Harada M, Chien KR, Yasukawa H, Yoshimura A. SOCS3 Is a Physiological Negative Regulator for Granulopoiesis and Granulocyte Colony-stimulating Factor Receptor Signaling. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:6905-10. [PMID: 14699146 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.c300496200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS3/CIS3) has been shown to be an important negative regulator of cytokines, especially cytokines that activate STAT3. To examine the role of SOCS3 in neutrophils and the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) signaling in vivo, we compared neutrophils from two types of conditional knockout mice, LysM-Cre:SOCS3(fl/fl) mice and Tie2-Cre:SOCS3(fl/fl) mice, in which the Socs3 gene had been deleted in mature neutrophils and hematopoietic stem cells, respectively. The size of the G-CSF-dependent colonies from Tie2-Cre:SOCS3(fl/fl) mouse bone marrow was much larger than that of colonies from control wild-type mice, while the size of interleukin-3-dependent colonies was similar. Moreover, LysM-Cre:SOCS3(fl/fl) mice had more neutrophils than SOCS3(fl/fl) mice, suggesting that SOCS3 is a negative regulator of G-CSF signaling in neutrophils. Consistent with this notion, G-CSF-induced STAT3 as well as mitogen-activated protein kinase activation was much stronger and prolonged in SOCS3-deficient mature neutrophils than in wild-type neutrophils. The preventive effect of G-CSF on apoptosis was more prominent in SOCS3-deficient mature neutrophils than in control neutrophils. These data indicate that SOCS3 negatively regulates granulopoiesis and G-CSF signaling in neutrophils and may contribute to neutrophilia or neutropenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Kimura
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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43
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Alcalay M, Meani N, Gelmetti V, Fantozzi A, Fagioli M, Orleth A, Riganelli D, Sebastiani C, Cappelli E, Casciari C, Sciurpi MT, Mariano AR, Minardi SP, Luzi L, Muller H, Di Fiore PP, Frosina G, Pelicci PG. Acute myeloid leukemia fusion proteins deregulate genes involved in stem cell maintenance and DNA repair. J Clin Invest 2004; 112:1751-61. [PMID: 14660751 PMCID: PMC281638 DOI: 10.1172/jci17595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myelogenous leukemias (AMLs) are genetically heterogeneous and characterized by chromosomal rearrangements that produce fusion proteins with aberrant transcriptional regulatory activities. Expression of AML fusion proteins in transgenic mice increases the risk of myeloid leukemias, suggesting that they induce a preleukemic state. The underlying molecular and biological mechanisms are, however, unknown. To address this issue, we performed a systematic analysis of fusion protein transcriptional targets. We expressed AML1/ETO, PML/RAR, and PLZF/RAR in U937 hemopoietic precursor cells and measured global gene expression using oligonucleotide chips. We identified 1,555 genes regulated concordantly by at least two fusion proteins that were further validated in patient samples and finally classified according to available functional information. Strikingly, we found that AML fusion proteins induce genes involved in the maintenance of the stem cell phenotype and repress DNA repair genes, mainly of the base excision repair pathway. Functional studies confirmed that ectopic expression of fusion proteins constitutively activates pathways leading to increased stem cell renewal (e.g., the Jagged1/Notch pathway) and provokes accumulation of DNA damage. We propose that expansion of the stem cell compartment and induction of a mutator phenotype are relevant features underlying the leukemic potential of AML-associated fusion proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Alcalay
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy.
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Sinha S, Zhu QS, Romero G, Corey SJ. Deletional mutation of the external domain of the human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor in a patient with severe chronic neutropenia refractory to granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2003; 25:791-6. [PMID: 14528102 DOI: 10.1097/00043426-200310000-00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Severe chronic neutropenia (SCN) is characterized by a profound neutropenia, which mostly presents during the neonatal period. The precise genetic basis of SCN remains elusive. Acquired somatic mutations involving the carboxy-terminus of the G-CSF receptor (G-CSFR) have been found, often in association with myelodysplastic syndrome. The authors describe a girl with SCN who did not respond to pharmacologic doses of filgrastim. Genetic analysis of bone marrow and germline cells revealed a 182-bp deletion in the extracellular domain of the G-CSFR. Co-precipitation studies showed an association between the wild-type and mutant G-CSFR, confirmed by their co-localization by confocal microscopy. Coexpression of the mutant receptor inhibited the wild-type response in Ba/F3 cells. These findings establish a novel constitutional defect in the G-CSFR that supports a partial dominant negative mechanism for receptor dysfunction in SCN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srish Sinha
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania, USA
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45
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Aarts LHJ, Roovers O, Ward AC, Touw IP. Receptor activation and 2 distinct COOH-terminal motifs control G-CSF receptor distribution and internalization kinetics. Blood 2003; 103:571-9. [PMID: 14512302 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2003-07-2250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We have studied the intracellular distribution and internalization kinetics of the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor (G-CSF-R) in living cells using fusion constructs of wild-type or mutant G-CSF-R and enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). Under steady-state conditions the G-CSF-R localized predominantly to the Golgi apparatus, late endosomes, and lysosomes, with only low expression on the plasma membrane, resulting from spontaneous internalization. Internalization of the G-CSF-R was significantly accelerated by addition of G-CSF. This ligand-induced switch from slow to rapid internalization required the presence of G-CSF-R residue Trp650, previously shown to be essential for its signaling ability. Both spontaneous and ligand-induced internalization depended on 2 distinct amino acid stretches in the G-CSF-R COOH-terminus: 749-755, containing a dileucine internalization motif, and 756-769. Mutation of Ser749 at position -4 of the dileucine motif to Ala significantly reduced the rate of ligand-induced internalization. In contrast, mutation of Ser749 did not affect spontaneous G-CSF-R internalization, suggesting the involvement of a serine-threonine kinase specifically in ligand-accelerated internalization of the G-CSF-R. COOH-terminal truncation mutants of G-CSF-R, found in severe congenital neutropenia, lack the internalization motifs and were completely defective in both spontaneous and ligand-induced internalization. As a result, these mutants showed constitutively high cell-surface expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lambertus H J Aarts
- Institute of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Sickle hemoglobin (HbS), as a result of its polymer-related and oxidant effects, damages the sickle erythrocyte, provokes inflammation, and causes endothelial injury. All these elements cause the phenotype of sickle cell disease. Novel treatments inhibit HbS polymerization by inducing fetal hemoglobin expression, prevent or repair erythrocyte dehydration by slowing cellular potassium and water loss, and replace HbS-producing erythroid progenitors by stem cell transplantation. Future treatment prospects include gene therapy, interruption of the interaction of sickle cells with the endothelium, inhibition of oxidative damage, and protection of an injured endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin H Steinberg
- Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine, 88 E Newton Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA.
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Santini V, Scappini B, Indik ZK, Gozzini A, Ferrini PR, Schreiber AD. The carboxy-terminal region of the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor transduces a phagocytic signal. Blood 2003; 101:4615-22. [PMID: 12586631 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2002-07-2271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) induces proliferation, maturation, and functional activities of myeloid progenitors and mature neutrophils through a specific receptor, the G-CSF-R. Different signals are mediated by distinct regions of the cytoplasmic domain of G-CSF-R, but the precise role of each region has not yet been fully clarified. We evaluated the involvement of Syk kinase, essential in mediating phagocytic signals by Fcgamma receptors, in G-CSF-induced phagocytosis, using murine myeloid 32D cells transfected with wild-type (WT) human G-CSF-R (hG-CSF-R) or with a G-CSF-R mutant truncated at cytoplasmic amino acid 715. The G-CSF-R mutant lacks the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM), putative binding site for Syk. Following treatment of WT hG-CSF-R transfectants with IgG-coated particles, there was a significant increase in phagocytosis in G-CSF-stimulated cells, in which Syk tyrosine phosphorylation occurred, paralleled by enhancement of its tyrosine kinase activity. In the mutant transfectants, no significant increase in phagocytosis or Syk tyrosine phosphorylation occurred after stimulation with G-CSF. We also demonstrated that tyrosine phosphorylation of the Src kinases Hck and Lyn occurs following G-CSF stimulation of cells expressing WT G-CSF-R, but that Hck is not phosphorylated in mutant G-CSF-R transfectants. The increase in phagocytosis following G-CSF stimulation cannot be attributed to a rapid de novo increase in expression of Fcgamma receptors. G-CSF induced expression of Fcgamma receptors only after prolonged stimulation. Our data provide evidence that the carboxy-terminal region of G-CSF-R plays a role in the phagocytosis of IgG-coated particles and that Syk and Hck kinase tyrosine phosphorylation is involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Santini
- Department of Hematology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
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Aprikyan AAG, Kutyavin T, Stein S, Aprikian P, Rodger E, Liles WC, Boxer LA, Dale DC. Cellular and molecular abnormalities in severe congenital neutropenia predisposing to leukemia. Exp Hematol 2003; 31:372-81. [PMID: 12763135 DOI: 10.1016/s0301-472x(03)00048-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Severe congenital neutropenia (SCN) is a rare hematological disease characterized by a selective decrease in the level of circulating neutrophils in peripheral blood, maturation arrest at the promyelocyte stage of differentiation in the bone marrow, recurrent severe infections, and evolution to acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Cellular and molecular studies of 12 SCN patients, including 5 patients that evolved to develop AML, revealed impaired proliferative characteristics and accelerated apoptosis of bone marrow progenitor cells in SCN compared with 11 healthy controls as demonstrated by flow cytometry analysis. Sequencing analysis revealed heterozygous deletion or substitution mutations in the neutrophil elastase (NE) gene in 9 of 12 patients but not in healthy controls. Expression of various NE mutants, but not normal NE, resulted in accelerated apoptosis of human promyelocytic HL-60 progenitor cells, similar to impaired survival observed in patients' cells. Bone marrow-derived primitive CD34(+) and CD33(+)/CD34(-) progenitor cells from SCN patients evolving to AML, all with mutations in the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor (G-CSFR) gene, demonstrated normal cell survival, whereas more differentiated CD15(+)/CD33(-)/CD34(-) cells negative for mutant G-CSFR gene, continue to exhibit accelerated apoptosis. These data demonstrate that impaired survival of bone marrow myeloid progenitor cells, probably driven by expression of mutant NE, is the cellular mechanism responsible for neutropenia in SCN. Furthermore, our results suggest that acquired G-CSFR mutations may initiate signaling events that override the pro-apoptotic effect of mutant NE in primitive progenitor cells, resulting in an expansion of the abnormal AML clone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew A G Aprikyan
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Wash, USA.
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Mitsui T, Watanabe S, Taniguchi Y, Hanada S, Ebihara Y, Sato T, Heike T, Mitsuyama M, Nakahata T, Tsuji K. Impaired neutrophil maturation in truncated murine G-CSF receptor-transgenic mice. Blood 2003; 101:2990-5. [PMID: 12672695 DOI: 10.1182/blood.v101.8.2990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe congenital neutropenia (SCN) is a hematopoietic disorder characterized by neutropenia in peripheral blood and maturation arrest of neutrophil precursors in bone marrow. Patients with SCN may evolve to have myelodysplastic syndrome or acute myelocytic leukemia. In approximately 20% of SCN cases, a truncation mutation is found in the cytoplasmic region of the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor (G-CSFR). We then generated mice carrying murine wild-type G-CSFR and its mutants equivalent to truncations at amino acids 718 and 731 in human G-CSFR, those were reported to be related to leukemic transformation of SCN. Although numbers of peripheral white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets did not differ among mutant and wild-type G-CSFR transgenic (Tg) mice, both of the mutant receptor Tg mice had one third of peripheral neutrophil cell counts compared with wild-type receptor Tg mice. The mutant receptor Tg mice also showed impaired resistance to the infection with Staphylococcus aureus. Moreover, bone marrow of these Tg mice had an increased percentage of immature myeloid cells, a feature of SCN. This maturation arrest was also observed in in vitro cultures of bone marrow cells of truncated G-CSFR Tg mice under G-CSF stimulation. In addition, clonal culture of bone marrow cells of the truncated G-CSFR Tg mice showed the hypersensitivity to G-CSF in myeloid progenitors. Our Tg mice may be useful in the analysis of the role of truncated G-CSFR in SCN pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Mitsui
- Division of Cellular Therapy, The Advanced Clinical Research Center, and Department of Molecular and Development Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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50
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Hermans MHA, van de Geijn GJ, Antonissen C, Gits J, van Leeuwen D, Ward AC, Touw IP. Signaling mechanisms coupled to tyrosines in the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor orchestrate G-CSF-induced expansion of myeloid progenitor cells. Blood 2003; 101:2584-90. [PMID: 12468431 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2002-07-2062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is the major regulator of neutrophil production. Studies in cell lines have established that conserved tyrosines Tyr704, Tyr729, Tyr744, Tyr764 within the cytoplasmic domain of G-CSF receptor (G-CSF-R) contribute significantly to G-CSF-induced proliferation, differentiation, and cell survival. However, it is unclear whether these tyrosines are equally important under more physiologic conditions. Here, we investigated how individual G-CSF-R tyrosines affect G-CSF responses of primary myeloid progenitors. We generated G-CSF-R-deficient mice and transduced their bone marrow cells with tyrosine "null" mutant (m0), single tyrosine "add-back" mutants, or wild-type (WT) receptors. G-CSF-induced responses were determined in primary colony assays, serial replatings, and suspension cultures. We show that removal of all tyrosines had no major influence on primary colony growth. However, adding back Tyr764 strongly enhanced proliferative responses, which was reverted by inhibition of ERK activity. Tyr729, which we found to be associated with the suppressor of cytokine signaling, SOCS3, had a negative effect on colony formation. After repetitive replatings, the clonogenic capacities of cells expressing m0 gradually dropped compared with WT. The presence of Tyr729, but also Tyr704 and Tyr744, both involved in activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), further reduced replating efficiencies. Conversely, Tyr764 greatly elevated the clonogenic abilities of myeloid progenitors, resulting in a more than 10(4)-fold increase of colony-forming cells over m0 after the fifth replating. These findings suggest that tyrosines in the cytoplasmic domain of G-CSF-R, although dispensable for G-CSF-induced colony growth, recruit signaling mechanisms that regulate the maintenance and outgrowth of myeloid progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam H A Hermans
- Institute of Hematology, Erasmus University of Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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