1
|
The extracellular matrix of hematopoietic stem cell niches. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 181:114069. [PMID: 34838648 PMCID: PMC8860232 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Comprehensive overview of different classes of ECM molecules in the HSC niche. Overview of current knowledge on role of biophysics of the HSC niche. Description of approaches to create artificial stem cell niches for several application. Importance of considering ECM in drug development and testing.
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are the life-long source of all types of blood cells. Their function is controlled by their direct microenvironment, the HSC niche in the bone marrow. Although the importance of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the niche by orchestrating niche architecture and cellular function is widely acknowledged, it is still underexplored. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the ECM in HSC niches. For this purpose, we first briefly outline HSC niche biology and then review the role of the different classes of ECM molecules in the niche one by one and how they are perceived by cells. Matrix remodeling and the emerging importance of biophysics in HSC niche function are discussed. Finally, the application of the current knowledge of ECM in the niche in form of artificial HSC niches for HSC expansion or targeted differentiation as well as drug testing is reviewed.
Collapse
|
2
|
Huang J, Zhang L, Wan D, Zhou L, Zheng S, Lin S, Qiao Y. Extracellular matrix and its therapeutic potential for cancer treatment. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:153. [PMID: 33888679 PMCID: PMC8062524 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00544-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is one of the major components of tumors that plays multiple crucial roles, including mechanical support, modulation of the microenvironment, and a source of signaling molecules. The quantity and cross-linking status of ECM components are major factors determining tissue stiffness. During tumorigenesis, the interplay between cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME) often results in the stiffness of the ECM, leading to aberrant mechanotransduction and further malignant transformation. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of ECM dysregulation in the TME would contribute to the discovery of promising therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. Herein, we summarized the knowledge concerning the following: (1) major ECM constituents and their functions in both normal and malignant conditions; (2) the interplay between cancer cells and the ECM in the TME; (3) key receptors for mechanotransduction and their alteration during carcinogenesis; and (4) the current therapeutic strategies targeting aberrant ECM for cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Huang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Lele Zhang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Dalong Wan
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Shengzhang Lin
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
- Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
| | - Yiting Qiao
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou, 310003, China.
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Markasz L, Savani RC, Jonzon A, Sindelar R. CD44 and RHAMM expression patterns in the human developing lung. Pediatr Res 2021; 89:134-142. [PMID: 32311697 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-0873-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hyaluronan (HA) receptors CD44 and RHAMM (CD168) are involved in cellular proliferation, differentiation, and motility. As previously investigated, HA and RHAMM expression in human neonatal lungs correlates to gestational age (GA) and air content. METHODS CD44 immunofluorescence was analyzed in postmortem lung samples from infants (n = 93; 22-41 GA) by digital image analysis together with clinical data, including RHAMM expression, lung air, and HA content by hierarchical clustering. RESULTS Five groups were defined according to RHAMM/CD44 expression, GA, and postnatal age (PNA): extremely to very preterm (EVP; 22-31 GA; Groups 1-2), moderately preterm to term (MPT; 31-41 GA; Groups 3-4), and mixed preterm to term (27-40 GA; Group 5). CD44 correlated linearly with RHAMM in MPT (r = 0.600; p < 0.004). In EVP, high CD44 and low RHAMM corresponded with high PNA and lung air content independently of HA and GA (Group 1 vs 2; p < 0.05). In MPT, high and low CD44 corresponded with low and high RHAMM independently of GA, HA, and lung air content (Group 3 vs 4; p < 0.001). No correlation between CD44 and GA/PNA at death was observed. CONCLUSIONS A linear correlation between CD44 and RHAMM expression occurs during the late saccular phase of lung development at birth, whereas postnatal influences on CD44 and RHAMM expression in extremely to very preterm infants cannot be excluded. IMPACT The interplay between CD44 and RHAMM, two receptors of hyaluronic acid, can be dependent on the lung developmental stage at birth. This is the second study that analyzes the distribution pattern of CD44 in the human lung during development and the first study performed with quantitative analysis of CD44 expression together with RHAMM expression in the human lung. Our results suggest a relationship in a subset of infants between CD44 and RHAMM expression, which appears at birth during the late saccular stage but not during the earlier stages of lung development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laszlo Markasz
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Rashmin C Savani
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Anders Jonzon
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Richard Sindelar
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hauser-Kawaguchi A, Tolg C, Peart T, Milne M, Turley EA, Luyt LG. A truncated RHAMM protein for discovering novel therapeutic peptides. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:5194-5203. [PMID: 30249497 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The receptor for hyaluronan mediated motility (RHAMM, gene name HMMR) belongs to a group of proteins that bind to hyaluronan (HA), a high-molecular weight anionic polysaccharide that has pro-angiogenic and inflammatory properties when fragmented. We propose to use a chemically synthesized, truncated version of the protein (706-767), 7 kDa RHAMM, as a target receptor in the screening of novel peptide-based therapeutic agents. Chemical synthesis by Fmoc-based solid-phase peptide synthesis, and optimization using pseudoprolines, results in RHAMM protein of higher purity and yield than synthesis by recombinant protein production. 7 kDa RHAMM was evaluated for its secondary structure, ability to bind the native ligand, HA, and its bioactivity. This 62-amino acid polypeptide replicates the HA binding properties of both native and recombinant RHAMM protein. Furthermore, tubulin-derived HA peptide analogues that bind to recombinant RHAMM and were previously reported to compete with HA for interactions with RHAMM, bind with a similar affinity and specificity to the 7 kDa RHAMM. Therefore, in terms of its key binding properties, the 7 kDa RHAMM mini-protein is a suitable replacement for the full-length recombinant protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Cornelia Tolg
- Cancer Research Laboratory Program, Lawson Health Research Institute and London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Center, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Teresa Peart
- Cancer Research Laboratory Program, Lawson Health Research Institute and London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Center, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark Milne
- Cancer Research Laboratory Program, Lawson Health Research Institute and London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Center, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eva A Turley
- Cancer Research Laboratory Program, Lawson Health Research Institute and London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Center, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Oncology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leonard G Luyt
- Department of Chemistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Cancer Research Laboratory Program, Lawson Health Research Institute and London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Center, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Oncology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Imaging, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mandaliti W, Nepravishta R, Pica F, Vallebona PS, Garaci E, Paci M. Thymosin α1 Interacts with Hyaluronic Acid Electrostatically by Its Terminal Sequence LKEKK. Molecules 2017; 22:E1843. [PMID: 29077041 PMCID: PMC6150299 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22111843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymosin α1 (Tα1), is a peptidic hormone, whose immune regulatory properties have been demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo and approved in different countries for treatment of several viral infections and cancers. Tα1 assumes a conformation in negative membranes upon insertion into the phosphatidylserine exposure as found in several pathologies and in apoptosis. These findings are in agreement with the pleiotropy of Tα1, which targets both normal and tumor cells, interacting with multiple cellular components, and have generated renewed interest in the topic. Hyaluronan (HA) occurs ubiquitously in the extracellular matrix and on cell surfaces and has been related to a variety of diseases, and developmental and physiological processes. Proteins binding HA, among them CD44 and the Receptor for HA-mediated motility (RHAMM) receptors, mediate its biological effects. NMR spectroscopy indicated preliminarily that an interaction of Tα1 with HA occurs specifically around lysine residues of the sequence LKEKK of Tα1 and is suggestive of a possible interference of Tα1 in the binding of HA with CD44 and RHAMM. Further studies are needed to deepen these observations because Tα1 is known to potentiate the T-cell immunity and anti-tumor effect. The binding inhibitory activity of Tα1 on HA-CD44 or HA-RHAMM interactions can suppress both T-cell reactivity and tumor progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Walter Mandaliti
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Ridvan Nepravishta
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
- School of Pharmacy, East Anglia University, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK.
| | - Francesca Pica
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Paola Sinibaldi Vallebona
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Enrico Garaci
- San Raffaele Pisana Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Health Care, 00163 Rome, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Paci
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sanyal R, Polyak MJ, Zuccolo J, Puri M, Deng L, Roberts L, Zuba A, Storek J, Luider JM, Sundberg EM, Mansoor A, Baigorri E, Chu MP, Belch AR, Pilarski LM, Deans JP. MS4A4A: a novel cell surface marker for M2 macrophages and plasma cells. Immunol Cell Biol 2017; 95:611-619. [PMID: 28303902 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2017.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
MS4A4A is a member of the membrane-spanning, four domain family, subfamily A (MS4A) that includes CD20 (MS4A1), FcRβ (MS4A2) and Htm4 (MS4A3). Like the first three members of this family, transcription of MS4A4A appears to be limited to hematopoietic cells. To evaluate expression of the MS4A4A protein in hematopoietic cell lineages and subsets we generated monoclonal antibodies against extracellular epitopes for use in flow cytometry. In human peripheral blood we found that MS4A4A is expressed at the plasma membrane in monocytes but not in granulocytes or lymphocytes. In vitro differentiation of monocytes demonstrated that MS4A4A is expressed in immature but not activated dendritic cells, and in macrophages generated in the presence of interleukin-4 ('alternatively activated' or M2 macrophages) but not by interferon-γ and lipopolysaccharide ('classically' activated or M1 macrophages). MS4A4A was expressed in the U937 monocytic cell line only after differentiation. In normal bone marrow, MS4A4A was expressed in mature monocytes but was undetected, or detected at only a low level, in myeloid/monocytic precursors, as well as their malignant counterparts in patients with various subtypes of myeloid leukemia. Although MS4A4A was not expressed in healthy B lymphocytes, it was highly expressed in normal plasma cells, CD138+ cells from multiple myeloma patients, and bone marrow B cells from a patient with mantle cell lymphoma. These findings suggest immunotherapeutic potential for MS4A4A antibodies in targeting alternatively activated macrophages such as tumor-associated macrophages, and in the treatment of multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ratna Sanyal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Maria J Polyak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jonathan Zuccolo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mandip Puri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lili Deng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Luc Roberts
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ania Zuba
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jan Storek
- Departments of Medicine and Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Joanne M Luider
- Calgary Laboratory Services, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ellen M Sundberg
- Calgary Laboratory Services, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Adnan Mansoor
- Calgary Laboratory Services, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Eva Baigorri
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta and Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael P Chu
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta and Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Andrew R Belch
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta and Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Linda M Pilarski
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta and Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Julie P Deans
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Martin LD, Harizanova J, Mai S, Belch AR, Pilarski LM. FGFR3 preferentially colocalizes with IGH in the interphase nucleus of multiple myeloma patient B-cells when FGFR3 is located outside of CT4. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2016; 55:962-974. [PMID: 27509849 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Many B-cell malignancies are characterized by chromosomal translocations involving IGH and a proto-oncogene. For translocations to occur, spatial proximity of translocation-prone genes is necessary. Currently, it is not known how such genes are brought into proximity with one another. Although decondensed chromosomes occupy definitive, non-random spaces in the interphase nucleus known as chromosome territories (CTs), chromatin at the edges of CTs can intermingle, and specific genomic regions from some chromosomes have been shown to "loop out" of their respective CTs. This extra-territorial positioning of specific genomic regions may provide a mechanism whereby translocation-prone genes are brought together in the interphase nucleus. FGFR3 and MAF recurrently participate in translocations with IGH at different frequencies. Using 3D, 4-color FISH, and 3D analysis software, we show frequent extra-territorial positioning of FGFR3 and significantly less frequent extra-territorial positioning of MAF. Frequent extra-territorial positioning may be characteristic of FGFR3 in B-cells from healthy adult donors and non-malignant B-cells from patients, but not in hematopoietic stem cells from patients with translocations. The frequency of extra-territorial positioning of FGFR3 and MAF in B-cells correlates with the frequency of translocations in the patient population. Most importantly, in patient B-cells, we demonstrate a significant proportion of extra-territorial FGFR3 participating in close loci pairs and/or colocalizing with IGH. This preliminary work suggests that in patient B-cells, extra-territorial positioning of FGFR3 may provide a mechanism for forming close loci pairs and/or colocalization with IGH; indirectly facilitating translocation events involving these two genes. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorri D Martin
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta and Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jana Harizanova
- Department of Systemic Cell Biology, Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany.,Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, CancerCare Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Sabine Mai
- Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, CancerCare Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Andrew R Belch
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta and Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Linda M Pilarski
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta and Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Simpson RML, Hong X, Wong MM, Karamariti E, Bhaloo SI, Warren D, Kong W, Hu Y, Xu Q. Hyaluronan Is Crucial for Stem Cell Differentiation into Smooth Muscle Lineage. Stem Cells 2016; 34:1225-38. [PMID: 26867148 PMCID: PMC4864761 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Deciphering the extracellular signals that regulate SMC differentiation from stem cells is vital to further our understanding of the pathogenesis of vascular disease and for development of cell-based therapies and tissue engineering. Hyaluronan (HA) has emerged as an important component of the stem cell niche, however its role during stem cell differentiation is a complicated and inadequately defined process. This study aimed to investigate the role of HA in embryonic stem cell (ESC) differentiation toward a SMC lineage. ESCs were seeded on collagen-IV in differentiation medium to generate ESC-derived SMCs (esSMCs). Differentiation coincided with increased HA synthase (HAS) 2 expression, accumulation of extracellular HA and its assembly into pericellular matrices. Inhibition of HA synthesis by 4-methylumbelliferone (4MU), removal of the HA coat by hyaluronidase (HYAL) or HAS2 knockdown led to abrogation of SMC gene expression. HA activates ERK1/2 and suppresses EGFR signaling pathways via its principle receptor, CD44. EGFR inactivation coincided with increased binding to CD44, which was further augmented by addition of high molecular weight (HMW)-HA either exogenously or via HAS2 overexpression through adenoviral gene transfer. HMW-HA-stimulated esSMCs displayed a functional role in vascular tissue engineering ex vivo, vasculogenesis in a matrigel plug model and SMC accumulation in neointimal lesions of vein grafts in mice. These findings demonstrate that HAS2-induced HA synthesis and organization drives ESC-SMC differentiation. Thus, remodeling of the HA microenvironment is a critical step in directing stem cell differentiation toward a vascular lineage, highlighting HA as a potential target for treatment of vascular diseases. Stem Cells 2016;34:1225-1238.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Russell M L Simpson
- Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre for Vascular Regeneration, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Xuechong Hong
- Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre for Vascular Regeneration, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mei Mei Wong
- Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre for Vascular Regeneration, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eirini Karamariti
- Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre for Vascular Regeneration, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shirin Issa Bhaloo
- Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre for Vascular Regeneration, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Derek Warren
- Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre for Vascular Regeneration, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wei Kong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhua Hu
- Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre for Vascular Regeneration, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Qingbo Xu
- Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre for Vascular Regeneration, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hyaluronan drug delivery systems are promising for cancer therapy because of their selective attachment, enhanced uptake, and superior efficacy. Biomed Eng Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13534-015-0180-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
|
10
|
Misra S, Hascall VC, Markwald RR, Ghatak S. Interactions between Hyaluronan and Its Receptors (CD44, RHAMM) Regulate the Activities of Inflammation and Cancer. Front Immunol 2015; 6:201. [PMID: 25999946 PMCID: PMC4422082 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 523] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA), a major component of extracellular matrices, and cell surface receptors of HA have been proposed to have pivotal roles in cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, which are necessary for inflammation and cancer progression. CD44 and receptor for HA-mediated motility (RHAMM) are the two main HA-receptors whose biological functions in human and murine inflammations and tumor cells have been investigated comprehensively. HA was initially considered to be only an inert component of connective tissues, but is now known as a “dynamic” molecule with a constant turnover in many tissues through rapid metabolism that involves HA molecules of various sizes: high molecular weight HA (HMW HA), low molecular weight HA, and oligosaccharides. The intracellular signaling pathways initiated by HA interactions with CD44 and RHAMM that lead to inflammatory and tumorigenic responses are complex. Interestingly, these molecules have dual functions in inflammations and tumorigenesis. For example, the presence of CD44 is involved in initiation of arthritis, while the absence of CD44 by genetic deletion in an arthritis mouse model increases rather than decreases disease severity. Similar dual functions of CD44 exist in initiation and progression of cancer. RHAMM overexpression is most commonly linked to cancer progression, whereas loss of RHAMM is associated with malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor growth. HA may similarly perform dual functions. An abundance of HMW HA can promote malignant cell proliferation and development of cancer, whereas antagonists to HA-CD44 signaling inhibit tumor cell growth in vitro and in vivo by interfering with HMW HA-CD44 interaction. This review describes the roles of HA interactions with CD44 and RHAMM in inflammatory responses and tumor development/progression, and how therapeutic strategies that block these key inflammatory/tumorigenic processes may be developed in rodent and human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suniti Misra
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, SC , USA
| | - Vincent C Hascall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland , Ohio, OH , USA
| | - Roger R Markwald
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, SC , USA
| | - Shibnath Ghatak
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, SC , USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Adamia S, Kriangkum J, Belch AR, Pilarski LM. Aberrant posttranscriptional processing of hyaluronan synthase 1 in malignant transformation and tumor progression. Adv Cancer Res 2015; 123:67-94. [PMID: 25081526 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800092-2.00003-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
It is becoming increasingly apparent that splicing defects play a key role in cancer, and that alterations in genomic splicing elements promote aberrant splicing. Alternative splicing increases the diversity of the human transcriptome and increases the numbers of functional gene products. However, dysregulation that leads to aberrant pre-mRNA splicing can contribute to cancer. Hyaluronan (HA), known to be an important component of cancer progression, is synthesized by hyaluronan synthases (HASs). In cancer cells, hyaluronan synthase 1 (HAS1) pre-mRNA is abnormally spliced to generate a family of aberrant splice variants (HAS1Vs) that synthesize extracellular and intracellular HA. HAS1Vs are clinically relevant, being found almost exclusively in malignant cells. Expression of aberrant HAS1Vs predicts poor survival in multiple myeloma. In this review, we summarize the unusual properties of HAS1Vs and their relationship to cancer. HAS1Vs form heterogeneous multimers with normally spliced HAS1 as well as with each other and with HAS3. Aberrant variants of HAS1 synthesize HA. Extracellular HA synthesized by HAS1Vs is likely to promote malignant spread. We speculate that synthesis of intracellular HA plays a fundamental and early role in oncogenesis by promoting genetic instability and the emergence of viable cancer variants that lead to aggressive disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Adamia
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Jitra Kriangkum
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta and Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Andrew R Belch
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta and Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Linda M Pilarski
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta and Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Qu C, Rilla K, Tammi R, Tammi M, Kröger H, Lammi MJ. Extensive CD44-dependent hyaluronan coats on human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells produced by hyaluronan synthases HAS1, HAS2 and HAS3. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 48:45-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
13
|
Hyaluronan synthase 1 (HAS1) produces a cytokine-and glucose-inducible, CD44-dependent cell surface coat. Exp Cell Res 2014; 320:153-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2013.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
14
|
Dygai AM, Skurikhin EG, Ermakova NN, Pershina OV, Krupin VA, Reztsova AM, Ermolaeva LA, Khmelevskaya ES, Artamonov AV, Bekarev AA, Madonov PG, Kinsht DN. Antifibrotic activity of hyaluronidase immobilized on polyethylenoxide under conditions of bleomycin-induced pneumofibrosis. Bull Exp Biol Med 2013; 154:388-92. [PMID: 23484207 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-013-1957-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronidase immobilized on polyethylenoxide obtained by electron bean synthesis was administered intranasally and intravenously to C57Bl/6 mice after intratracheal bleomycin and the enzyme effects on the development of pneumofibrosis in animals were studied. Intranasal immobilized hyaluronidase prevented connective tissue growth in the lungs exposed to bleomycin and virtually did not modulate the infiltration of the alveolar and alveolar duct interstitium by inflammatory cells (lymphocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, plasma cells). The antifibrotic effect developed sooner after intranasal inoculation of immobilized hyaluronidase and was more pronounced than after intranasal native hyaluronidase. Intravenous injection of immobilized hyaluronidase did not modify the inflammatory process and deposition of collagen fibrils in the lung parenchyma in pneumofibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A M Dygai
- Institute of Pharmacology, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhu R, Huang YH, Tao Y, Wang SC, Sun C, Piao HL, Wang XQ, Du MR, Li DJ. Hyaluronan up-regulates growth and invasion of trophoblasts in an autocrine manner via PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK1/2 pathways in early human pregnancy. Placenta 2013; 34:784-91. [PMID: 23806178 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2013.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As one of the key molecules in the extracellular matrix in human conceptus, hyaluronan (HA) has been receiving particular attention. Here, we have investigated the expression and regulation of different molecular weight HA on the biological behaviors of primary human trophoblasts during the first trimester of pregnancy. METHODS The expression of HA and HA synthetase (HAS) by human first trimester trophoblasts was analyzed in placentae from normal pregnancy or miscarriage by immunochemistry and real-time RT-PCR, respectively. ELISA was used to measure the secretion of HA by primary trophoblasts. The effects of HA on the proliferation, apoptosis and invasiveness of trophoblasts were examined. We also investigated the signaling pathways involved in HA activation in human trophoblasts. RESULTS The higher HAS2 expression and HA secretion were observed in normal villi than that of miscarriage, and the primary trophoblasts secreted HA continuously. High molecular weight HA (HMW-HA) and medium molecular weight HA (MMW-HA) promoted proliferation and invasiveness while inhibited apoptosis of trophoblasts. However, low molecular weight HA (LMW-HA) had no obvious effect on the growth or invasiveness of human trophoblasts. In addition, HMW-HA showed more efficiently than MMW-HA on the growth while MMW-HA displayed a more obvious effect on the invasiveness of trophoblasts than HMW-HA. HMW-HA activated PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK1/2 signaling pathways in trophoblasts. Blocking PI3K/AKT or MAPK/ERK1/2 signaling inhibited the HA-upregulated growth and invasiveness of human trophoblasts. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that higher level and greater molecular mass of HA can promote trophoblast growth and invasion in an autocrine manner, which was beneficial to placentation and maintenance of human early pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Zhu
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IBS, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200011, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Filler SG. Can host receptors for fungi be targeted for treatment of fungal infections? Trends Microbiol 2013; 21:389-96. [PMID: 23796589 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2013.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The invasion and stimulation of normally non-phagocytic host cells, such as epithelial and endothelial cells, is a key step in the pathogenesis of many fungal infections. In most cases, host cell invasion and/or stimulation of a proinflammatory response is induced when proteins or carbohydrates on the fungal cell surface bind to receptors on the host cell. Although many of these fungal-host cell interactions have only been investigated in vitro, the therapeutic efficacy of blocking the host cell receptors for Candida albicans and Rhizopus oryzae has been demonstrated in experimental animal models of infection. We summarize recent studies of the fungal receptors on normally non-phagocytic host cells and the therapeutic implications of blocking these receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott G Filler
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1124 West Carson Street, Torrance, CA 90502, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Goncharova V, Serobyan N, Iizuka S, Schraufstatter I, de Ridder A, Povaliy T, Wacker V, Itano N, Kimata K, Orlovskaja IA, Yamaguchi Y, Khaldoyanidi S. Hyaluronan expressed by the hematopoietic microenvironment is required for bone marrow hematopoiesis. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:25419-33. [PMID: 22654110 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.376699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The contribution of hyaluronan (HA) to the regulatory network of the hematopoietic microenvironment was studied using knock-out mice of three hyaluronan synthase genes (Has1, Has2, and Has3). The number of hematopoietic progenitors was decreased in bone marrow and increased in extramedullary sites of Prx1-Cre;Has2(flox/flox);Has1(-/-);Has3(-/-) triple knock-out (tKO) mice as compared with wild type (WT) and Has1(-/-);Has3(-/-) double knock-out (dKO) mice. In line with this observation, decreased hematopoietic activity was observed in long term bone marrow cultures (LTBMC) from tKO mice, whereas the formation of the adherent layer and generation of hematopoietic cells in WT and dKO cultures was not different. 4-Methylumbelliferone (4MU) was used to pharmacologically inhibit the production of HA in LTBMC. Treatment with 4MU inhibited HA synthesis, decreased expression of HAS2 and HAS3, and eliminated hematopoiesis in LTBMC, and this effect was alleviated by the addition of exogenous HA. Exogenous HA also augmented the cell motility in LTBMC, which correlated with the HA-stimulated production of chemokines and growth factors. Conditioned media from HA-induced LTBMC enhanced the chemotaxis of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPC) in response to SDF-1. Exposure of endothelial cells to 4MU decreased their ability to support HSPC rolling and adhesion. In addition, migration of transplanted HSPC into the marrow of 4MU-pretreated mice was lower than in untreated mice. Collectively, the results suggest that HA depletion reduces the ability of the microenvironment to support HSPC, and confirm a role for HA as a necessary regulatory element in the structure of the hematopoietic microenvironment.
Collapse
|
18
|
Martin LD, Harizanova J, Zhu G, Righolt CH, Belch AR, Mai S, Pilarski LM. Differential positioning and close spatial proximity of translocation-prone genes in nonmalignant B-cells from multiple myeloma patients. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2012; 51:727-42. [DOI: 10.1002/gcc.21959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
|
19
|
Demange E, Kassim Y, Petit C, Buquet C, Dulong V, Cerf DL, Buchonnet G, Vannier JP. Survival of cord blood haematopoietic stem cells in a hyaluronan hydrogel for ex vivo biomimicry. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2012; 7:901-10. [PMID: 22473677 DOI: 10.1002/term.1482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2011] [Revised: 12/28/2011] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and haematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) grow in a specified niche in close association with the microenvironment, the so-called 'haematopoietic niche'. Scaffolds have been introduced to overcome the liquid culture limitations, mimicking the presence of the extracellular matrix (ECM). In the present study the hyaluronic acid scaffold, already developed in the laboratory, has been used for the first time to maintain long-term cultures of CD34⁺ haematopoietic cells obtained from human cord blood. One parameter investigated was the impact on ex vivo survival of CD34⁺ cord blood cells (CBCs) on the hyaluronic acid surface, immobilized with peptides containing the RGD motif. This peptide was conjugated by coating the hyaluronan hydrogel and cultured in serum-free liquid phase complemented with stem cell factor (SCF), a commonly indispensable cytokine for haematopoiesis. Our work demonstrated that these hyaluronan hydrogels were superior to traditional liquid cultures by maintaining and expanding the HPCs without the need for additional cytokines, and a colonization of 280-fold increment in the hydrogel compared with liquid culture after 28 days of ex vivo expansion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elise Demange
- Laboratory MERCI EA3829, University of Rouen, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sackstein R. The biology of CD44 and HCELL in hematopoiesis: the 'step 2-bypass pathway' and other emerging perspectives. Curr Opin Hematol 2011; 18:239-48. [PMID: 21546828 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0b013e3283476140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The homing and egress of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) to and from marrow, respectively, and the proliferation and differentiation of HSPCs within marrow are complex processes critically regulated by the ordered expression and function of adhesion molecules that direct key cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. The integral membrane molecule CD44, known primarily for its role in binding hyaluronic acid, is characteristically expressed on HSPCs. Conspicuously, human HSPCs uniquely display a specialized glycoform of CD44 known as hematopoietic cell E-/L-selectin ligand (HCELL), which is the most potent ligand for both E-selectin and L-selectin expressed on human cells. This review focuses on recent advances in our understanding of the biology of CD44 and HCELL in hematopoiesis. RECENT FINDINGS New data indicate that CD44-mediated events in hematopoiesis are more complex than previously imagined. Ex-vivo glycan engineering has established that HCELL serves as a 'bone marrow homing receptor'. Moreover, biochemical studies now show that CD44 forms bimolecular complexes with a variety of membrane proteins, one of which is VLA-4. Engagement of CD44 or of HCELL directly induces VLA-4 activation via G-protein-dependent signaling, triggering a 'step 2-bypass pathway' of cell migration, and extravascular lodgment, in absence of chemokine receptor engagement. SUMMARY Recent studies have further clarified the roles of CD44 and its glycoform HCELL in hematopoietic processes, providing key insights on how targeting these molecules may be beneficial in promoting hematopoiesis and in treating hematologic malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Sackstein
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Skin Disease Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zaki NM, Nasti A, Tirelli N. Nanocarriers for cytoplasmic delivery: cellular uptake and intracellular fate of chitosan and hyaluronic acid-coated chitosan nanoparticles in a phagocytic cell model. Macromol Biosci 2011; 11:1747-60. [PMID: 21954171 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201100156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Revised: 06/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The cellular uptake of hyaluronic-acid-coated, negatively charged chitosan/triphosphate nanoparticles and that of uncoated, positively charged ones is investigated by studying cellular localization, uptake kinetics and mechanism of internalization in J774.2 macrophages, using non-phagocytic L929 fibroblasts as a control for uncoated nanoparticles. Both kinds of nanoparticles undergo endosomal escape and adopt a similar clathrin-based endocytic mechanism. The surface decoration with HA profoundly influences the kinetics of cellular uptake, with an at least two orders of magnitude slower kinetics, but also the nature of the binding on the cellular surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noha M Zaki
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Monazamet El Wehda El Afrikia St., El Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Jiang D, Liang J, Noble PW. Hyaluronan as an immune regulator in human diseases. Physiol Rev 2011; 91:221-64. [PMID: 21248167 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00052.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 747] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation and turnover of extracellular matrix components are the hallmarks of tissue injury. Fragmented hyaluronan stimulates the expression of inflammatory genes by a variety of immune cells at the injury site. Hyaluronan binds to a number of cell surface proteins on various cell types. Hyaluronan fragments signal through both Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 and TLR2 as well as CD44 to stimulate inflammatory genes in inflammatory cells. Hyaluronan is also present on the cell surface of epithelial cells and provides protection against tissue damage from the environment by interacting with TLR2 and TLR4. Hyaluronan and hyaluronan-binding proteins regulate inflammation, tissue injury, and repair through regulating inflammatory cell recruitment, release of inflammatory cytokines, and cell migration. This review focuses on the role of hyaluronan as an immune regulator in human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dianhua Jiang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Schubert M, Herbert N, Taubert I, Ran D, Singh R, Eckstein V, Vitacolonna M, Ho AD, Zöller M. Differential survival of AML subpopulations in NOD/SCID mice. Exp Hematol 2011; 39:250-263.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2010.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2010] [Revised: 09/29/2010] [Accepted: 10/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
24
|
In situ RHAMM protein expression in acute myeloid leukemia blasts suggests poor overall survival. Ann Hematol 2011; 90:901-9. [PMID: 21274712 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-011-1159-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Treatment options for patients with high-risk acute myeloid leukemia (AML) include high-dose chemotherapy regimens in combination with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, which takes advantage of the donor T-cell-mediated graft-versus-leukemia effect. Together with beneficial responses observed in assays targeted at leukemia-associated antigens (LAA), this encouraged research on cancer vaccines and adoptive cellular therapies in AML. The receptor for hyaluronic acid-mediated motility (RHAMM, CD168) was identified as one of the most promising LAA in AML. Thus far, little is known about in situ expression in leukemic bone marrow blasts or the prognostic role of RHAMM and its interaction partners in AML. We immunohistochemically analyzed the expression and prognostic significance of RHAMM on trephine bone marrow biopsies from 71 AML cases that had been evaluated for cytogenetics and presence of FLT3-internal tandem duplications and NPM1 mutations. Fifty-five patients (77%) were treated with curative intent, while 16 (23%) received the most appropriate supportive care. Twenty of 71 (28%) AML cases were considered RHAMM+. Receiver operating characteristic curves showed significant discriminatory power considering overall survival (OS) in AML patients treated curatively for RHAMM (p = 0.015). Multivariable analysis revealed that expression of RHAMM in >5% of leukemic blasts identifies a subgroup of curatively treated cases with adverse OS independent of failures to achieve complete remission. RHAMM not only represents a promising LAA with specific T-cell responses in AML but, if assessed in situ on blasts, also a probable prognostic factor.
Collapse
|
25
|
Casini P, Nardi I, Ori M. RHAMM mRNA expression in proliferating and migrating cells of the developing central nervous system. Gene Expr Patterns 2010; 10:93-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2009.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2009] [Revised: 11/23/2009] [Accepted: 12/12/2009] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
26
|
Ghosh A, Kuppusamy H, Pilarski LM. Aberrant splice variants of HAS1 (Hyaluronan Synthase 1) multimerize with and modulate normally spliced HAS1 protein: a potential mechanism promoting human cancer. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:18840-50. [PMID: 19451652 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.013813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Most human genes undergo alternative splicing, but aberrant splice forms are hallmarks of many cancers, usually resulting from mutations initiating abnormal exon skipping, intron retention, or the introduction of a new splice sites. We have identified a family of aberrant splice variants of HAS1 (the hyaluronan synthase 1 gene) in some B lineage cancers, characterized by exon skipping and/or partial intron retention events that occur either together or independently in different variants, apparently due to accumulation of inherited and acquired mutations. Cellular, biochemical, and oncogenic properties of full-length HAS1 (HAS1-FL) and HAS1 splice variants Va, Vb, and Vc (HAS1-Vs) are compared and characterized. When co-expressed, the properties of HAS1-Vs are dominant over those of HAS1-FL. HAS1-FL appears to be diffusely expressed in the cell, but HAS1-Vs are concentrated in the cytoplasm and/or Golgi apparatus. HAS1-Vs synthesize detectable de novo HA intracellularly. Each of the HAS1-Vs is able to relocalize HAS1-FL protein from diffuse cytoskeleton-anchored locations to deeper cytoplasmic spaces. This HAS1-Vs-mediated relocalization occurs through strong molecular interactions, which also serve to protect HAS1-FL from its otherwise high turnover kinetics. In co-transfected cells, HAS1-FL and HAS1-Vs interact with themselves and with each other to form heteromeric multiprotein assemblies. HAS1-Vc was found to be transforming in vitro and tumorigenic in vivo when introduced as a single oncogene to untransformed cells. The altered distribution and half-life of HAS1-FL, coupled with the characteristics of the HAS1-Vs suggest possible mechanisms whereby the aberrant splicing observed in human cancer may contribute to oncogenesis and disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Ghosh
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta and Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ito Y, Seno S, Nakamura H, Fukui A, Asashima M. XHAPLN3 plays a key role in cardiogenesis by maintaining the hyaluronan matrix around heart anlage. Dev Biol 2008; 319:34-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2008.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2007] [Revised: 02/22/2008] [Accepted: 03/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
28
|
A Putative Role for RHAMM/HMMR as a Negative Marker of Stem Cell-Containing Population of Human Limbal Epithelial Cells. Stem Cells 2008; 26:1609-19. [DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.2007-0782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
29
|
Toole BP, Slomiany MG. Hyaluronan, CD44 and Emmprin: partners in cancer cell chemoresistance. Drug Resist Updat 2008; 11:110-21. [PMID: 18490190 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2008.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2008] [Revised: 04/07/2008] [Accepted: 04/08/2008] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Hyaluronan not only is an important structural component of extracellular matrices but also interacts with cells during dynamic cell processes such as those occurring in cancer. Consequently, interactions of hyaluronan with tumor cells play important cooperative roles in various aspects of malignancy. Hyaluronan binds to several cell surface receptors, including CD44, thus leading to co-regulation of signaling pathways that are important in regulation of multidrug resistance to anticancer drugs, in particular anti-apoptotic pathways induced by activation of receptor tyrosine kinases. Emmprin, a cell surface glycoprotein of the Ig superfamily, stimulates hyaluronan production and downstream signaling consequences. Emmprin and CD44 also interact with various multidrug transporters of the ABC family and monocarboxylate transporters associated with resistance to cancer therapies. Moreover, hyaluronan-CD44 interactions are critical to these properties in the highly malignant, chemotherapy-resistant cancer stem-like cells. Perturbations of the hyaluronan-CD44 interaction at the plasma membrane by various antagonists result in attenuation of receptor tyrosine kinase and transporter activities and inhibition of tumor progression in vivo. These antagonists, especially small hyaluronan oligomers, may be useful in therapeutic strategies aimed at preventing tumor refractoriness or recurrence due to drug-resistant sub-populations within malignant cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan P Toole
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Medical University of South Carolina, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Toole BP, Slomiany MG. Hyaluronan: a constitutive regulator of chemoresistance and malignancy in cancer cells. Semin Cancer Biol 2008; 18:244-50. [PMID: 18534864 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2008.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2008] [Accepted: 03/19/2008] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Hyaluronan not only is an important structural component of extracellular matrices but also interacts instructively with cells during embryonic development, healing processes, inflammation, and cancer. It binds to several different types of cell surface receptors, including CD44, thus leading to co-regulation of important signaling pathways, notably those induced by activation of receptor tyrosine kinases. Consequently, interactions of both stromal and tumor cell-derived hyaluronan with tumor cells play important cooperative roles in several aspects of malignancy. This review focuses on cell autonomous hyaluronan-tumor cell interactions that lead to activation of receptor tyrosine kinases and enhanced drug resistance. Particular emphasis is placed on the role of hyaluronan-CD44 interactions in drug transporter expression and activity, especially in cancer stem-like cells that are highly malignant and resistant to chemotherapy. Antagonists of hyaluronan-CD44 interaction, especially small hyaluronan oligomers, may be useful in therapeutic strategies aimed at preventing tumor recurrence from these therapy-resistant sub-populations within malignant cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan P Toole
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Stamov D, Grimmer M, Salchert K, Pompe T, Werner C. Heparin intercalation into reconstituted collagen I fibrils: Impact on growth kinetics and morphology. Biomaterials 2008; 29:1-14. [PMID: 17892897 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2007] [Accepted: 09/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Collagen type I fibrils, reconstituted in vitro in the presence of heparin, exhibit an unusually thick and straight shape. A detailed structural analysis by scanning force and scanning electron microscopy revealed a non-linear dependence in size distribution, width-to-length ratio, and morphology over a wide range of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) concentrations. By varying molecular weight, degree of sulphation, charge, and concentration of different GAGs we are able to correlate the morphological data with kinetic turbidimetric measurements, and quantitation of fibril-bound GAG. The experiments imply a pronounced impact of the prenucleation phase on the cofibril morphology as a result of the strong electrostatic interaction of heparin with tropocollagen. Heparin is assumed to stabilize the collagen microfibrils and to enhance their parallel accretion during cofibrillogenesis with preservation of the typical asymmetric collagen banding pattern. The heparin quantitation data show heparin to be intercalated as a linker molecule with one specific binding site inside the cofibrils. The reconstituted cofibrils with their unusual morphology and GAG intercalation-a phenomenon not reported in vivo-can be expected to exhibit interesting mechanical and biochemical behaviours as a biomaterial for extracellular matrix scaffolds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitar Stamov
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden, Hohe Strasse 6, Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Choudhary M, Zhang X, Stojkovic P, Hyslop L, Anyfantis G, Herbert M, Murdoch AP, Stojkovic M, Lako M. Putative role of hyaluronan and its related genes, HAS2 and RHAMM, in human early preimplantation embryogenesis and embryonic stem cell characterization. Stem Cells 2007; 25:3045-57. [PMID: 17872502 DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.2007-0296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESC) promise tremendous potential as a developmental and cell therapeutic tool. The combined effort of stimulatory and inhibitory signals regulating gene expression, which drives the tissue differentiation and morphogenetic processes during early embryogenesis, is still very poorly understood. With the scarcity of availability of human embryos for research, hESC can be used as an alternative source to study the early human embryogenesis. Hyaluronan (HA), a simple hydrating sugar, is present abundantly in the female reproductive tract during fertilization, embryo growth, and implantation and plays an important role in early development of the mammalian embryo. HA and its binding protein RHAMM regulate various cellular and hydrodynamic processes from cell migration, proliferation, and signaling to regulation of gene expression, cell differentiation, morphogenesis, and metastasis via both extracellular and intracellular pathways. In this study, we show for the first time that HA synthase gene HAS2 and its binding receptor RHAMM are differentially expressed during all stages of preimplantation human embryos and hESC. RHAMM expression is significantly downregulated during differentiation of hESC, in contrast to HAS2, which is significantly upregulated. Most importantly, RHAMM knockdown results in downregulation of several pluripotency markers in hESC, induction of early extraembryonic lineages, loss of cell viability, and changes in hESC cycle. These data therefore highlight an important role for RHAMM in maintenance of hESC pluripotency, viability, and cell cycle control. Interestingly, HAS2 knockdown results in suppression of hESC differentiation without affecting hESC pluripotency. This suggests an intrinsic role for HAS2 in hESC differentiation process. In accordance with this, addition of exogenous HA to the differentiation medium enhances hESC differentiation to mesodermal and cardiac lineages. Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Choudhary
- North East Institute for Stem Cell Research and Institute of Human Genetics, University of Newcastle, International Centre for Life, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has become the standard of care for the treatment of many hematologic malignancies, chemotherapy sensitive relapsed acute leukemias or lymphomas, multiple myeloma; and for some non-malignant diseases such as aplastic anemia and immunodeficient states. The hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) resides in the bone marrow (BM). A number of chemokines and cytokines have been shown in vivo and in clinical trials to enhance trafficking of HSC into the peripheral blood. This process, termed stem cell mobilization, results in the collection of HSC via apheresis for both autologous and allogeneic transplantation. Enhanced understanding of HSC biology, processes involved in HSC microenvironmental interactions and the critical ligands, receptors and cellular proteases involved in HSC homing and mobilization, with an emphasis on G-CSF induced HSC mobilization, form the basis of this review. We will describe the key features and dynamic processes involved in HSC mobilization and focus on the key ligand-receptor pairs including CXCR4/SDF1, VLA4/VCAM1, CD62L/PSGL, CD44/HA, and Kit/KL. In addition we will describe food and drug administration (FDA) approved and agents currently in clinical development for enhancing HSC mobilization and transplantation outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Nervi
- Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Hamilton SR, Fard SF, Paiwand FF, Tolg C, Veiseh M, Wang C, McCarthy JB, Bissell MJ, Koropatnick J, Turley EA. The hyaluronan receptors CD44 and Rhamm (CD168) form complexes with ERK1,2 that sustain high basal motility in breast cancer cells. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:16667-80. [PMID: 17392272 PMCID: PMC2949353 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m702078200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
CD44 is an integral hyaluronan receptor that can promote or inhibit motogenic signaling in tumor cells. Rhamm is a nonintegral cell surface hyaluronan receptor (CD168) and intracellular protein that promotes cell motility in culture. Here we describe an autocrine mechanism utilizing cell surface Rhamm-CD44 interactions to sustain rapid basal motility in invasive breast cancer cell lines that requires endogenous hyaluronan synthesis and the formation of Rhamm-CD44-ERK1,2 complexes. Motile/invasive MDA-MB-231 and Ras-MCF10A cells produce more endogenous hyaluronan, cell surface CD44 and Rhamm, an oncogenic Rhamm isoform, and exhibit more elevated basal activation of ERK1,2 than less invasive MCF7 and MCF10A breast cancer cells. Furthermore, CD44, Rhamm, and ERK1,2 uniquely co-immunoprecipitate and co-localize in MDA-MB-231 and Ras-MCF10A cells. Combinations of anti-CD44, anti-Rhamm antibodies, and a MEK1 inhibitor (PD098059) had less-than-additive blocking effects, suggesting the action of all three proteins on a common motogenic signaling pathway. Collectively, these results show that cell surface Rhamm and CD44 act together in a hyaluronan-dependent autocrine mechanism to coordinate sustained signaling through ERK1,2, leading to high basal motility of invasive breast cancer cells. Therefore, an effect of CD44 on tumor cell motility may depend in part on its ability to partner with additional proteins, such as cell surface Rhamm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara R. Hamilton
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre/The University of Western Ontario (London, ON Canada)
| | - Shireen F. Fard
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre/The University of Western Ontario (London, ON Canada)
| | - Frouz F. Paiwand
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Hospital for Sick Children (Toronto, ON, Canada)
| | - Cornelia Tolg
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre/The University of Western Ontario (London, ON Canada)
| | - Mandana Veiseh
- Division of Life Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories, Berkeley CA
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Hospital for Sick Children (Toronto, ON, Canada)
| | - James B. McCarthy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology and University of Minnesota Comprehensive Cancer Center (Minneapolis, MN, USA)
| | - Mina J. Bissell
- Division of Life Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories, Berkeley CA
| | - James Koropatnick
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre/The University of Western Ontario (London, ON Canada)
| | - Eva A. Turley
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre/The University of Western Ontario (London, ON Canada)
- Address correspondence to: London Regional Cancer Program, Cancer Research Laboratories, Room A4-931, 790 Commissioners Road E, London ON, Canada N6A 4L6, Tel. 519 685-8600 ext. 53677; Fax: 519 685-8616;
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kaplan RN, Psaila B, Lyden D. Niche-to-niche migration of bone-marrow-derived cells. Trends Mol Med 2007; 13:72-81. [PMID: 17197241 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2006.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2006] [Revised: 11/24/2006] [Accepted: 12/18/2006] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
During ontogenesis, haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) relocate between extra-embryonic and embryonic compartments. Similarly, site-specific homing of HSCs is ongoing during adulthood. With the expanding knowledge of HSC physiology, a new paradigm emerges in which HSCs and haematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) migrate to defined microenvironments within the bone marrow (BM) and to 'activated' or 'inducible' niches elsewhere. Here, we summarize current understanding of HSC niche characteristics, and the physiological and pathological mechanisms that guide HSC homing both within the BM and to distant niches in the periphery, promoting new vessel growth in tumours and ischaemia. Recent observations suggest that features of the HSC niche might also be recapitulated in pre-metastatic sites. Clusters of BM-derived HPCs promote invasion of disseminating cancer cells. Clear clinical benefits can be foreseen by modulating HSCs and their microenvironments, in promoting tissue regeneration, and inhibiting tumourigenesis and cancer metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosandra N Kaplan
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill College of Medicine at Cornell University and Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY10021, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
The adult mammalian hemopoietic system maintains an extraordinarily large, yet well regulated supply of mature blood cells within the circulation throughout life. The system is capable of rapid recovery and compensation following injury, environmental stress or as a result of genetic disease such as the hemoglobinopathies. Despite the vast amount of research conducted there is still an incomplete understanding of hemopoietic regulation. Nevertheless, it is evident from transplantation studies that ongoing blood cell production is absolutely dependent upon hemopoietic stem cells (HSCs). These rare and potent cells have the capacity for extensive proliferation and the ability to differentiate into all blood cell types. An understanding of HSC regulation is fundamental to understanding hemopoiesis. There is now considerable evidence to demonstrate that in vivo, HSCs are located within defined anatomical sites or niches within the bone marrow. Regulation of HSC fate is mediated by both cell-autonomous mechanisms and extrinsic cues resulting from interactions between cells and extracellular components within the niche. This review focuses on the role of hyaluronic acid, a component of the HSC niche and moreover a HSC-associated glycosaminoglycan, in hemopoiesis and specifically HSC regulation. It is now evident that hyaluronic acid not only provides a physical scaffold or support within the marrow to facilitate localization and retention of HSCs to the stem cell niche but moreover, through ligation with its counter-receptors is able to directly affect the cellular functions of HSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David N Haylock
- Australian Stem Cell Centre, PO Box 8002, Monash University LPO, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Bose N, Masellis AM. Secretory products of breast cancer cells upregulate hyaluronan production in a human osteoblast cell line. Clin Exp Metastasis 2006; 22:629-42. [PMID: 16642399 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-006-9003-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2005] [Accepted: 02/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) has been implicated in breast cancer progression and metastasis to lymph nodes. Although breast cancer has a strong propensity for metastasis to the bone, the role of HA in the development of bone metastasis in breast cancer is not well delineated. In order to determine the role of HA in breast cancer induced osteolysis, we examined the effect of secretory products in the conditioned medium of breast cancer cell lines on the expression of hyaluronan synthases (HAS), accumulation of HA in pericellular matrix, secretion of HA in the culture media, and on expression of surface HA receptors, in a human immature osteoblast cell line (Hfob). Our results show that conditioned medium derived from breast cancer cells upregulate the expression of hyaluronan synthases, HAS1 and HAS2, followed by significant increase in pericellular and secreted HA in Hfob cells. Our results further demonstrate that both CD44 and receptor for hyaluronan-mediated motility (RHAMM) are involved in binding cell surface associated HA on Hfob cells. Analysis of the growth factors in the conditioned medium implicates TGF-beta1 in the modulation of HAS1 and HAS2, as well as in the increase in pericellular and secreted HA. This report is the first to show that soluble factors produced by breast cancer cells mediate increase in HA production in osteoblasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nandita Bose
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55144, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Zaman A, Cui Z, Foley JP, Zhao H, Grimm PC, Delisser HM, Savani RC. Expression and role of the hyaluronan receptor RHAMM in inflammation after bleomycin injury. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2005; 33:447-54. [PMID: 16037485 PMCID: PMC2715352 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2004-0333oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung injury is associated with increased concentrations of hyaluronan (hyaluronic acid, HA). HA modifies cell behavior through interaction with cell-associated receptors such as receptor for HA-mediated motility (RHAMM, CD168). Using a function blocking anti-RHAMM antibody (R36), we investigated the expression and role of RHAMM in the inflammatory response to intratracheal bleomycin in rats. Immunostaining showed increased expression of RHAMM in macrophages 4-7 d after injury. Surface biotin labeling of cells isolated by lavage confirmed increased surface expression of a 70-kD RHAMM after lung injury, and in situ hybridization demonstrated increased RHAMM mRNA in macrophages responding to injury. Time-lapse cinemicrography demonstrated a 5-fold increase in motility of alveolar macrophages from bleomycin-treated animals that was completely blocked by R36 in vitro. Further, HA-stimulated macrophage chemotaxis was also inhibited by R36. Daily administration of R36 to injured animals resulted in a 40% decrease in macrophage accumulation 7 d after injury. Further, H&E staining of tissue sections showed that bleomycin-mediated changes in lung architecture were improved with R36 treatment. Taken together with previous results showing the inhibitory effects of HA-binding peptide on inflammation and fibrosis, we conclude that the interaction of RHAMM with HA is a critical component of the recruitment of inflammatory cells to the lung after injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Zaman
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA 19104-4318, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Jansen M, Yang FC, Cancelas JA, Bailey JR, Williams DA. Rac2-deficient hematopoietic stem cells show defective interaction with the hematopoietic microenvironment and long-term engraftment failure. Stem Cells 2005; 23:335-46. [PMID: 15749928 DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.2004-0216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The hematopoietic-specific Rho GTPase, Rac2, regulates a variety of cellular functions including cell shape changes, motility, integrin-dependent adhesion, and apoptosis. In the study reported here, we demonstrate that wild-type (WT) hematopoietic stem cells/progenitors (HSC/P) preferentially engraft in nonablated Rac2(-/-) bone marrow. In addition, primitive Rac2(-/-) HSC/P transplanted into lethally irradiated WT recipients showed a significant competitive defect compared with WT cells. These defects appeared to be related to HSC/P-intrinsic defective microenvironment interactions, since Rac2(-/-) cells showed less adhesion to the femur bone marrow density 1 (FBMD-1) stromal cell line, a lower frequency of cobblestone area-forming cells, and lower performance in long-term marrow cultures in vitro when compared with WT cells. In contrast, primitive Rac2(-/-) hematopoietic cells exhibited normal progenitor colony formation in semisolid medium in vitro and normal proliferation in the steady state in vivo when compared with WT cells. Taken together, these data suggest that Rac2(-/-) stem/progenitor cells exhibit abnormal interaction with the hematopoietic microenvironment, which leads to defective long-term engraftment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Jansen
- Division of Experimental Hematology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45215, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Nedvetzki S, Gonen E, Assayag N, Reich R, Williams RO, Thurmond RL, Huang JF, Neudecker BA, Wang FS, Wang FS, Turley EA, Naor D. RHAMM, a receptor for hyaluronan-mediated motility, compensates for CD44 in inflamed CD44-knockout mice: a different interpretation of redundancy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004; 101:18081-6. [PMID: 15596723 PMCID: PMC539795 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0407378102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We report here that joint inflammation in collagen-induced arthritis is more aggravated in CD44-knockout mice than in WT mice, and we provide evidence for molecular redundancy as a causal factor. Furthermore, we show that under the inflammatory cascade, RHAMM (receptor for hyaluronan-mediated motility), a hyaluronan receptor distinct from CD44, compensates for the loss of CD44 in binding hyaluronic acid, supporting cell migration, up-regulating genes involved with inflammation (as assessed by microarrays containing 13,000 cDNA clones), and exacerbating collagen-induced arthritis. Interestingly, we further found that the compensation for loss of the CD44 gene does not occur because of enhanced expression of the redundant gene (RHAMM), but rather because the loss of CD44 allows increased accumulation of the hyaluronic acid substrate, with which both CD44 and RHAMM engage, thus enabling augmented signaling through RHAMM. This model enlightens several aspects of molecular redundancy, which is widely discussed in many scientific circles, but the processes are still ill defined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shlomo Nedvetzki
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Evanko SP, Parks WT, Wight TN. Intracellular hyaluronan in arterial smooth muscle cells: association with microtubules, RHAMM, and the mitotic spindle. J Histochem Cytochem 2004; 52:1525-35. [PMID: 15557208 DOI: 10.1369/jhc.4a6356.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although considered a pericellular matrix component, hyaluronan was recently localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus of proliferating cells, supporting earlier reports that hyaluronan was present in locations such as the nucleus, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and caveolae. This suggests that it can play roles both inside and outside the cell. Hyaluronan metabolism is coupled to mitosis and cell motility, but it is not clear if intracellular hyaluronan associates with cytoskeletal elements or plays a structural role. Here we report the distribution of intracellular hyaluronan, microtubules, and RHAMM in arterial smooth muscle cells in vitro. The general distribution of intracellular hyaluronan more closely resembled microtubule staining rather than actin filaments. Hyaluronan was abundant in the perinuclear microtubule-rich areas and was present in lysosomes, other vesicular structures, and the nucleolus. Partially fragmented fluorescein-hyaluronan was preferentially translocated to the perinuclear area compared with high-molecular-weight hyaluronan. In the mitotic spindle, hyaluronan colocalized with tubulin and with the hyaladherin RHAMM, a cell surface receptor and microtubule-associated protein that interacts with dynein and maintains spindle pole stability. Internalized fluorescein-hyaluronan was also seen at the spindle. Following telophase, an abundance of hyaluronan near the midbody microtubules at the cleavage furrow was also noted. In permeabilized cells, fluorescein-hyaluronan bound to RHAMM-associated microtubules. These findings suggest novel functions for hyaluronan in cellular physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P Evanko
- Hope Heart Program-Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, 1201 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98101-2795, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Do Y, Nagarkatti PS, Nagarkatti M. Role of CD44 and hyaluronic acid (HA) in activation of alloreactive and antigen-specific T cells by bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. J Immunother 2004; 27:1-12. [PMID: 14676629 DOI: 10.1097/00002371-200401000-00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, the role played by hyaluronic acid (HA) and its receptor CD44 on the activation and functions of dendritic cells (DCs) was investigated. Activation of DCs with HA enhanced their ability to stimulate allogeneic and antigen (Ag)-specific T cells markedly. HA treatment upregulated the expression of costimulatory molecules such as CD40, CD80, and CD86 on DCs. Cell mixing experiments using DC or T cells from CD44 wild-type or CD44 knockout mice as well as blocking studies with anti-CD44 monoclonal antibodies revealed that CD44 expression on T cells but not DC played a critical role in Ag-specific T-cell responsiveness. Also, the HA-induced activation of DC was independent of CD44. When conjugate formation between Ag-pulsed DCs and Ag-specific T cells was studied, the deficiency of CD44 on T cells rather than on DCs was found to play a key role in T-cell-DC interaction. Together, these data demonstrated that HA can activate DC independently of CD44; however, CD44 expressed on Ag-specific T cells plays a critical role in its interaction with DC and resultant expansion of T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoonkyung Do
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298-0678, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Chenevier-Gobeaux C, Morin-Robinet S, Lemarechal H, Poiraudeau S, Ekindjian JCOG, Borderie D. Effects of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide donors on hyaluronic acid synthesis by synovial cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Sci (Lond) 2004; 107:291-6. [PMID: 15149282 DOI: 10.1042/cs20040104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2004] [Revised: 05/11/2004] [Accepted: 05/18/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of (i) the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL (interleukin)-1β, TNF-α (tumour necrosis factor-α), IFN-γ (interferon-γ) and anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-13, and (ii) NO (nitric oxide) donors on HA (hyaluronic acid) production by synovial cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Synovial cells obtained from five patients with rheumatoid arthritis were incubated for 24 h without or with IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ, or with this mixture for 24 h plus IL-4 or IL-13 for the last 6 h. The same cells were also incubated for 3–24 h without or with SNP (sodium nitroprusside) or SNAP (S-nitroso-N-acetyl-DL-penicillamine). HA secretion was determined by an immunoenzymic assay based on HA-specific binding by proteoglycan isolated from bovine cartilage. IL-1β, TNF-α and IFN-γ alone or in combination stimulated HA synthesis, whereas IL-4 and IL-13 dose-dependently inhibited HA production induced by Th1 cytokines. HA production was significantly increased by the presence of 1 mM SNP after 6 and 12 h (maximal effect). HA production was significantly increased by the presence of 0.01 and 0.1 mM SNAP after 12 h of incubation, and cells treated with 1 mM SNAP showed a maximal HA production after 24 h of incubation. In conclusion, the present study provides data concerning the regulatory role of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and NO donors on HA metabolism in rheumatoid synovial cells and may help in understanding the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camille Chenevier-Gobeaux
- Department of Biochemistry, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique--Hôpitaux de Paris, 27 rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75679 cedex 14, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan P Toole
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
The Malignant Hierarchy in Multiple Myeloma: Relationships between Malignant Cells and Bone Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-2036-0_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
|
46
|
Geiger H, Szilvassy SJ, Ragland P, Van Zant G. Genetic analysis of progenitor cell mobilization by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor: verification and mechanisms for loci on murine chromosomes 2 and 11. Exp Hematol 2004; 32:60-7. [PMID: 14725902 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2003.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is notable that there is significant inter-individual variability in humans and inter-strain variability in mice in the ability to mobilize hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, suggesting that there is genetic regulation of mobilization. In the murine system, loci on chromosomes 2 and 11 have been linked to an inter-strain variation in granulocyte colonystimulating factor (G-CSF)-induced stem cell mobilization proficiency. The aim of this study was to verify this linkage and to gain insight into the function of these loci. METHODS Animals congenic for the loci on chromosomes 2 and 11 were generated by a speed-congenic approach and the function of the loci were further analyzed in doubly congenic animals and with a competitive transplantation/mobilization protocol. RESULTS The analysis of congenic animals verified that both loci are linked to mobilization proficiency. Analysis of mobilization in doubly congenic animals suggested that both loci act in the same regulatory pathway. Mobilization experiments conducted with mice that had previously been competitively repopulated with congenic and parental-strain BM revealed that the locus on chromosome 11 operates via a progenitor cell-intrinsic mechanism. CONCLUSION We confirmed linkage of loci on chromosomes 2 and 11 to G-CSF-induced mobilization and thus validated their role as regulators of hematopoietic progenitor cell mobilization in mice. These findings will be useful for further studies directed at identifying genes that regulate mobilization proficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hartmut Geiger
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, Ky., USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Sbaa-Ketata E, Courel MN, Delpech B, Vannier JP. Hyaluronan-derived oligosaccharides enhance SDF-1-dependent chemotactic effect on peripheral blood hematopoietic CD34(+) cells. Stem Cells 2003; 20:585-7. [PMID: 12456967 DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.20-6-585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
48
|
Nilsson SK, Haylock DN, Johnston HM, Occhiodoro T, Brown TJ, Simmons PJ. Hyaluronan is synthesized by primitive hemopoietic cells, participates in their lodgment at the endosteum following transplantation, and is involved in the regulation of their proliferation and differentiation in vitro. Blood 2003; 101:856-62. [PMID: 12393456 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2002-05-1344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The localization of adult hemopoiesis to the marrow involves developmentally regulated interactions between hemopoietic stem cells and the stromal cell-mediated hemopoietic microenvironment. Although primitive hemopoietic cells exhibit a broad repertoire of adhesion molecules, little is known about the molecules influencing the site of cell lodgment within the marrow following transplantation. However, our recent studies indicate that hierarchically dependent patterns of migration of transplanted hemopoietic cells result in the retention of primitive cells within the endosteal and lineage-committed cells in the central marrow regions. Herein, we now demonstrate that these 2 subpopulations exhibit a striking difference in the expression of a cell surface adhesion molecule, with populations enriched for murine and human hemopoietic stem cells expressing the carbohydrate hyaluronic acid (HA). Furthermore, the presence of this glycosaminoglycan appears critical for the spatial distribution of transplanted stem cells in vivo. In addition, we also demonstrate that the binding of HA by a surrogate ligand results in marked inhibition of primitive hemopoietic cell proliferation and granulocyte differentiation. Collectively, these data describe an important yet previously unrecognized role for HA in the biology of primitive hemopoietic progenitor cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan K Nilsson
- Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Louis SA, Zapf R, Clarke E, Thomas TE, Sutherland HJ. A negative-selection strategy for depleting myeloma cells from patients' BM and/or leukapheresis blood. Cytotherapy 2002; 3:489-504. [PMID: 11953033 DOI: 10.1080/146532401317248090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autologous transplantation improves survival in multiple myeloma patients, however, most eventually relapse. As an attempt towards improving relapse-free survival, we designed a negative-selection purging strategy, to remove myeloma cells from leukapheresis harvests using MAbs specific for Ags on myeloma cells. METHODS CD38 is highly expressed on myeloma plasma cells, but expressed at lower levels on normal progenitors and absent on in vivo repopulating cells. We evaluated depletion of CD38-expressing cells, with or without depletion of B-cell Ag-expressing cells. Using myeloma BM or blood cells diluted into allogeneic G-CSF primed leukapheresis cells, bispecific tetrameric Ab complexes that bind dextran iron particles were used to label and retain cells in a magnetic column, StemSep. Depletion efficacy was measured by semi-quantitative allele-specific oligonucleotide (ASO)-PCR amplification of patients' clonotypic IgH gene. RESULTS Low (0.2 microg/mL) concentrations of anti-CD38 with CD19 and CD20 complexes depleted approximately 3-5 logs of clonotypic cells, with recovery of approximately 19% of colony-forming cells, approximately 50% primitive progenitors measured by LTCIC and retention of non-obese diabetic /SCID engrafting ability. Scale-up experiments using leukapheresis harvests and 0.5-1 x 10(10) cell capacity columns demonstrated no loss of log depletion of highly positive cells, or recovery of unlabelled cells. DISCUSSION These results compare favorably with other purging techniques and allow the retention of most normal BM cells, including T cells, which may be important for immunity. These results support the development of a clinical trial using this strategy for purging myeloma cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S A Louis
- Terry Fox Laboratory, B.C. Cancer Agency, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Thomas J, Liu F, Link DC. Mechanisms of mobilization of hematopoietic progenitors with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. Curr Opin Hematol 2002; 9:183-9. [PMID: 11953662 DOI: 10.1097/00062752-200205000-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic progenitor cells can be mobilized from the bone marrow to the blood by a wide variety of stimuli, including hematopoietic growth factors, chemotherapy, and chemokines. Increasingly, mobilized peripheral blood hematopoietic progenitor cells instead of bone marrow hematopoietic progenitor cells have been used to reconstitute hematopoiesis after myeloablative therapy because of their reduced engraftment times and relative ease of collection. A striking feature of hematopoietic progenitor cell mobilization is the ability of hematopoietic growth factors with distinct cellular targets and biologic activities to mobilize a similar spectrum of pluripotent and lineage-committed hematopoietic progenitor cells into the blood. Recent studies have identified some of the key adhesive interactions that regulate hematopoietic progenitor cell trafficking in the bone marrow. In addition, pathways linking mobilizing agents to hematopoietic progenitor cell mobilization have begun to be elucidated. This review summarizes these advances, emphasizing the mechanisms regulating granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-induced mobilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Thomas
- Washington University School of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Section of Stem Cell Biology, St. Louis, Missouri 63110-1093, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|