1
|
Baba T, Tomaru U, Hirao A, Mukaida N, Johmura Y. Autophagy Inhibition-induced Cytosolic DNA Sensing Combined with Differentiation Therapy Induces Irreversible Myeloid Differentiation in Leukemia Cells. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 4:849-860. [PMID: 38466568 PMCID: PMC10953625 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-23-0507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that various oncogenic mutations interfere with normal myeloid differentiation of leukemogenic cells during the early process of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) development. Differentiation therapy is a therapeutic strategy capable of terminating leukemic expansion by reactivating the differentiation potential; however, the plasticity and instability of leukemia cells counteract the establishment of treatments aimed at irreversibly inducing and maintaining their differentiation states. On the basis of our previous observation that autophagy inhibitor treatment induces the accumulation of cytosolic DNA and activation of cytosolic DNA-sensor signaling selectively in leukemia cells, we herein examined the synergistic effect of cytosolic DNA-sensor signaling activation with conventional differentiation therapy on AML. The combined treatment succeeded in inducing irreversible differentiation in AML cell lines. Mechanistically, cytosolic DNA was sensed by absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2), a cytosolic DNA sensor. Activation of the AIM2 inflammasome resulted in the accumulation of p21 through the inhibition of its proteasomal degradation, thereby facilitating the myeloid differentiation. Importantly, the combined therapy dramatically reduced the total leukemia cell counts and proportion of blast cells in the spleens of AML mice. Collectively, these findings indicate that the autophagy inhibition-cytosolic DNA-sensor signaling axis can potentiate AML differentiation therapy. SIGNIFICANCE Clinical effects on AML therapy are closely associated with reactivating the normal myeloid differentiation potential in leukemia cells. This study shows that autophagosome formation inhibitors activate the cytosolic DNA-sensor signaling, thereby augmenting conventional differentiation therapy to induce irreversible differentiation and cell growth arrest in several types of AML cell lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohisa Baba
- Division of Cancer and Senescence Biology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Utano Tomaru
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hirao
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa, Japan
- Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Naofumi Mukaida
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Johmura
- Division of Cancer and Senescence Biology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lu L, Wang J, Yang Q, Xie X, Huang Y. The role of CD38 in HIV infection. AIDS Res Ther 2021; 18:11. [PMID: 33820568 PMCID: PMC8021004 DOI: 10.1186/s12981-021-00330-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The widely-expressed molecule CD38 is a single-stranded type II transmembrane glycoprotein that is mainly involved in regulating the differentiation and activation state of the cell. CD38 has broad and complex functions, including enzymatic activity, intercellular signal transduction, cell activation, cytokine production, receptor function and adhesion activity, and it plays an important role in the physiological and pathological processes of many diseases. Many studies have shown that CD38 is related to the occurrence and development of HIV infection, and CD38 may regulate its progression through different mechanisms. Therefore, investigating the role of CD38 in HIV infection and the potential signaling pathways that are involved may provide a new perspective on potential treatments for HIV infection. In the present review, the current understanding of the roles CD38 plays in HIV infection are summarized. In addition, the specific role of CD38 in the process of HIV infection of human CD4+ T lymphocytes is also discussed.
Collapse
|
3
|
Harnessing RNAi-based nanomedicines for therapeutic gene silencing in B-cell malignancies. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 113:E16-22. [PMID: 26699502 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1519273113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite progress in systemic small interfering RNA (siRNA) delivery to the liver and to solid tumors, systemic siRNA delivery to leukocytes remains challenging. The ability to silence gene expression in leukocytes has great potential for identifying drug targets and for RNAi-based therapy for leukocyte diseases. However, both normal and malignant leukocytes are among the most difficult targets for siRNA delivery as they are resistant to conventional transfection reagents and are dispersed in the body. We used mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) as a prototypic blood cancer for validating a novel siRNA delivery strategy. MCL is an aggressive B-cell lymphoma that overexpresses cyclin D1 with relatively poor prognosis. Down-regulation of cyclin D1 using RNA interference (RNAi) is a potential therapeutic approach to this malignancy. Here, we designed lipid-based nanoparticles (LNPs) coated with anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies that are specifically taken up by human MCL cells in the bone marrow of xenografted mice. When loaded with siRNAs against cyclin D1, CD38-targeted LNPs induced gene silencing in MCL cells and prolonged survival of tumor-bearing mice with no observed adverse effects. These results highlight the therapeutic potential of cyclin D1 therapy in MCL and present a novel RNAi delivery system that opens new therapeutic opportunities for treating MCL and other B-cell malignancies.
Collapse
|
4
|
Karakasheva TA, Waldron TJ, Eruslanov E, Kim SB, Lee JS, O'Brien S, Hicks PD, Basu D, Singhal S, Malavasi F, Rustgi AK. CD38-Expressing Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Promote Tumor Growth in a Murine Model of Esophageal Cancer. Cancer Res 2015; 75:4074-85. [PMID: 26294209 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-3639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are an immunosuppressive population of immature myeloid cells found in advanced-stage cancer patients and mouse tumor models. Production of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and arginase, as well as other suppressive mechanisms, allows MDSCs to suppress T-cell-mediated tumor clearance and foster tumor progression. Using an unbiased global gene expression approach in conditional p120-catenin knockout mice (L2-cre;p120ctn(f/f)), a model of oral-esophageal cancer, we have identified CD38 as playing a vital role in MDSC biology, previously unknown. CD38 belongs to the ADP-ribosyl cyclase family and possesses both ectoenzyme and receptor functions. It has been described to function in lymphoid and early myeloid cell differentiation, cell activation, and neutrophil chemotaxis. We find that CD38 expression in MDSCs is evident in other mouse tumor models of esophageal carcinogenesis, and CD38(high) MDSCs are more immature than MDSCs lacking CD38 expression, suggesting a potential role for CD38 in the maturation halt found in MDSC populations. CD38(high) MDSCs also possess a greater capacity to suppress activated T cells, and promote tumor growth to a greater degree than CD38(low) MDSCs, likely as a result of increased iNOS production. In addition, we have identified novel tumor-derived factors, specifically IL6, IGFBP3, and CXCL16, which induce CD38 expression by MDSCs ex vivo. Finally, we have detected an expansion of CD38(+) MDSCs in peripheral blood of advanced-stage cancer patients and validated targeting CD38 in vivo as a novel approach to cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana A Karakasheva
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Todd J Waldron
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Evgeniy Eruslanov
- Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sang-Bae Kim
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ju-Seog Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Shaun O'Brien
- Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Philip D Hicks
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Devraj Basu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Surgery Service; Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sunil Singhal
- Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Surgery Service; Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Fabio Malavasi
- Lab of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino Medical School, Torino, Italy
| | - Anil K Rustgi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wong SW, Comenzo RL. CD38 Monoclonal Antibody Therapies for Multiple Myeloma. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2015; 15:635-45. [PMID: 26443328 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2015.07.642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this review is to provide historical, recent preclinical, and current clinical summaries of efforts to understand the CD38 molecule and to develop monoclonal antibodies that target it. We focus particularly on efforts involving multiple myeloma, a malignancy of terminally differentiated B cells that remains incurable despite many advances. An era of anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody therapy for myeloma is approaching, one that, we hope, will enable patients to live longer and better lives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandy W Wong
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology and the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA.
| | - Raymond L Comenzo
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology and the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Romero-Ramírez H, Morales-Guadarrama MT, Pelayo R, López-Santiago R, Santos-Argumedo L. CD38 expression in early B-cell precursors contributes to extracellular signal-regulated kinase-mediated apoptosis. Immunology 2015; 144:271-81. [PMID: 25155483 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CD38 is a 45,000 molecular weight transmembrane protein that is expressed in immature and mature lymphocytes. However, the expression and function of CD38 during B-cell differentiation in mice is poorly understood. Here, we report that CD38 is expressed from the earliest stages of B-cell development. Pre-pro-B, pro-B, pre-B and immature B cells from murine bone marrow all stained positive for CD38. Interestingly, CD38 expression increases with B-cell maturation. To assess the role of CD38 during B-cell maturation, CD38-deficient mice were analysed. CD38(-/-) mice showed a significant increase in both the frequency of B-lineage cells and the absolute numbers of pre-pro-B cells in bone marrow; however, no other differences were observed at later stages. CD38 cross-linking in Ba/F3 cells promoted apoptosis and marked extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation, and these effects were reduced by treatment with the mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK kinase inhibitor PD98059, and similar effects were observed in B-cell precursors from bone marrow. These data demonstrate that B-cell precursors in mouse bone marrow express functional CD38 and implicate the early ligation of CD38 in the ERK-associated regulation of the B-lineage differentiation pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Romero-Ramírez
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centre for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Immunology, National School of Biological Sciences, IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hara-Yokoyama M. Glycosylation Regulates CD38 Assembly on the Cell Surface. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2013. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.25.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
8
|
Expression of CD38 with intracellular enzymatic activity: a possible explanation for the insulin release induced by intracellular cADPR. Mol Cell Biochem 2011; 352:293-9. [PMID: 21387169 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-011-0765-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2010] [Accepted: 02/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
CD38 is a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed in multiple cell types, including pancreatic β cells. It can serve as an enzyme that catalyzes the metabolism of two different Ca(2+)-mobilizing compounds, cyclic adenosine diphosphoribose (cADPR) and nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate. One of these metabolites, cADPR, is known to be involved in glucose-induced insulin secretion from pancreatic β cells. Although the essential role of CD38 for endogenous cADPR synthesis has been established, the relationship between the proposed extracellular enzymatic activity of CD38 and the intracellular Ca(2+) modulation caused by the intracellular cADPR accumulation has not yet been fully explained. For a better understanding of the role of CD38 in the insulin secretion machinery, analysis of the intracellular localization of this molecule in pancreatic β cells is essential. In an attempt to provide a method to probe the N-terminal and C-terminal of CD38 separately, we generated an insulin-secreting MIN6 murine pancreatic β cell line expressing a human CD38 bearing an N-terminal FLAG epitope tag. We found a weak but consistent expression of the FLAG epitope outside of the cells, indicating the presence of a small amount of CD38 with cytoplasmic enzymatic activity. MIN6 cells transfected with human CD38 exhibited increased glucose-induced insulin release. In addition, anti-FLAG cross-linking further enhanced the insulin release, suggesting that the N-terminal of CD38 expressed on the cell surface functions as a receptor for an unknown ligand and triggers positive signals for insulin secretion.
Collapse
|
9
|
Congleton J, Jiang H, Malavasi F, Lin H, Yen A. ATRA-induced HL-60 myeloid leukemia cell differentiation depends on the CD38 cytosolic tail needed for membrane localization, but CD38 enzymatic activity is unnecessary. Exp Cell Res 2010; 317:910-9. [PMID: 21156171 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2010.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2010] [Revised: 11/19/2010] [Accepted: 12/02/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Leukocyte antigen CD38 expression is an early marker of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) stimulated differentiation in the leukemic cell line HL-60. It promotes induced myeloid maturation when overexpressed, whereas knocking it down is inhibitory. It is a type II membrane protein with an extracellular C-terminal enzymatic domain with NADase/NADPase and ADPR cyclase activity and a short cytoplasmic N-terminal tail. Here we determined whether CD38 enzymatic activity or the cytoplasmic tail is required for ATRA-induced differentiation. Neither a specific CD38 ectoenzyme inhibitor nor a point mutation that cripples enzymatic activity (CD38 E226Q) diminishes ATRA-induced differentiation or G1/0 arrest. In contrast a cytosolic deletion mutation (CD38 Δ11-20) prevents membrane expression and inhibits differentiation and G1/0 arrest. These results may be consistent with disrupting the function of critical molecules necessary for membrane-expressed CD38 signal transduction. One candidate molecule is the Src family kinase Fgr, which failed to undergo ATRA-induced upregulation in CD38 Δ11-20 expressing cells. Another is Vav1, which also showed only basal expression after ATRA treatment in CD38 Δ11-20 expressing cells. Therefore, the ability of CD38 to propel ATRA-induced myeloid differentiation and G1/0 arrest is unimpaired by loss of its ectoenzyme activity. However a cytosolic tail deletion mutation disrupted membrane localization and inhibited differentiation. ATRA-induced differentiation thus does not require the CD38 ectoenzyme function, but is dependent on a membrane receptor function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Congleton
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Veterinary Research Tower, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ohtsuji M, Yagi K, Shintaku-Kubota M, Kojima-Koba Y, Ito N, Sugihara M, Yamaaki N, Chujo D, Nohara A, Takeda Y, Kobayashi J, Yamagishi M, Higashida H. Decreased ADP-ribosyl cyclase activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from diabetic patients with nephropathy. EXPERIMENTAL DIABETES RESEARCH 2009; 2008:897508. [PMID: 19300526 PMCID: PMC2656910 DOI: 10.1155/2008/897508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2008] [Accepted: 12/12/2008] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS ADP-ribosyl-cyclase activity (ADPRCA) of CD38 and other ectoenzymes mainly generate cyclic adenosine 5'diphosphate-(ADP-) ribose (cADPR) as a second messenger in various mammalian cells, including pancreatic beta cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Since PBMCs contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy, ADPRCA of PBMCs could serve as a clinical prognostic marker for diabetic nephropathy. This study aimed to investigate the connection between ADPRCA in PBMCs and diabetic complications. METHODS PBMCs from 60 diabetic patients (10 for type 1 and 50 for type 2) and 15 nondiabetic controls were fluorometrically measured for ADPRCA based on the conversion of nicotinamide guanine dinucleotide (NGD(+)) into cyclic GDP-ribose. RESULTS ADPRCA negatively correlated with the level of HbA1c (P = .040, R(2) = .073), although ADPRCA showed no significant correlation with gender, age, BMI, blood pressure, level of fasting plasma glucose and lipid levels, as well as type, duration, or medication of diabetes. Interestingly, patients with nephropathy, but not other complications, presented significantly lower ADPRCA than those without nephropathy (P = .0198) and diabetes (P = .0332). ANCOVA analysis adjusted for HbA1c showed no significant correlation between ADPRCA and nephropathy. However, logistic regression analyses revealed that determinants for nephropathy were systolic blood pressure and ADPRCA, not HbA1c. CONCLUSION/INTERPRETATION Decreased ADPRCA significantly correlated with diabetic nephropathy. ADPRCA in PBMCs would be an important marker associated with diabetic nephropathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michio Ohtsuji
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa 920 8640, Japan
| | - Kunimasa Yagi
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa 920 8640, Japan
| | - Miyuki Shintaku-Kubota
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa 920 8640, Japan
| | - Yukiko Kojima-Koba
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa 920 8640, Japan
| | - Naoko Ito
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa 920 8640, Japan
| | - Masako Sugihara
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa 920 8640, Japan
| | - Naoto Yamaaki
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa 920 8640, Japan
| | - Daisuke Chujo
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa 920 8640, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nohara
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa 920 8640, Japan
| | - Yoshiyu Takeda
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa 920 8640, Japan
| | - Junji Kobayashi
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa 920 8640, Japan
| | - Masakazu Yamagishi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa 920 8640, Japan
| | - Haruhiro Higashida
- Department of Biophysical Genetics, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa 920 8640, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Malavasi F, Deaglio S, Funaro A, Ferrero E, Horenstein AL, Ortolan E, Vaisitti T, Aydin S. Evolution and function of the ADP ribosyl cyclase/CD38 gene family in physiology and pathology. Physiol Rev 2008; 88:841-86. [PMID: 18626062 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00035.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 619] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The membrane proteins CD38 and CD157 belong to an evolutionarily conserved family of enzymes that play crucial roles in human physiology. Expressed in distinct patterns in most tissues, CD38 (and CD157) cleaves NAD(+) and NADP(+), generating cyclic ADP ribose (cADPR), NAADP, and ADPR. These reaction products are essential for the regulation of intracellular Ca(2+), the most ancient and universal cell signaling system. The entire family of enzymes controls complex processes, including egg fertilization, cell activation and proliferation, muscle contraction, hormone secretion, and immune responses. Over the course of evolution, the molecules have developed the ability to interact laterally and frontally with other surface proteins and have acquired receptor-like features. As detailed in this review, the loss of CD38 function is associated with impaired immune responses, metabolic disturbances, and behavioral modifications in mice. CD38 is a powerful disease marker for human leukemias and myelomas, is directly involved in the pathogenesis and outcome of human immunodeficiency virus infection and chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and controls insulin release and the development of diabetes. Here, the data concerning diseases are examined in view of potential clinical applications in diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy. The concluding remarks try to frame all of the currently available information within a unified working model that takes into account both the enzymatic and receptorial functions of the molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Malavasi
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Genetics, Biology, and Biochemistry and Centro di Ricerca in Medicina Sperimentale, University of Torino Medical School, Torino, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Alteration of enzymatic properties of cell-surface antigen CD38 by agonistic anti-CD38 antibodies that prolong B cell survival and induce activation. Int Immunopharmacol 2007; 8:59-70. [PMID: 18068101 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2007.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2007] [Revised: 09/16/2007] [Accepted: 10/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Leukocyte cell-surface antigen CD38 is a single-transmembrane protein. CD38 ligation by anti-CD38 antibodies triggers the growth or apoptosis of immune cells. Although the extracellular domain of CD38 has multifunctional catalytic activities including NAD(+) glycohydrolase and cyclase, the CD38-mediated cell survival or death appears to be independent of its catalytic activity. It is proposed that a conformational change of CD38 triggers the signalling. The conformational change of CD38 could influence its catalytic activity. However, the agonistic anti-CD38 antibody that alters the catalytic activity of CD38 has not been reported so far. In the present study, we demonstrated that two agonistic anti-mouse CD38 mAbs (CS/2 and clone 90) change the catalytic activities of CD38. CS/2 was clearly more potent than clone 90 in prolonging B cell survival and activation. CS/2 inhibited the NAD(+) glycohydrolase activity of both the isolated extracellular domain of CD38 (FLAG-CD38) and cell-surface CD38. Kinetic analysis suggested a non-competitive inhibition. On the other hand, clone 90 stimulated the NAD(+) glycohydrolase activity of FLAG-CD38 and had little effect on the NAD(+) glycohydrolase activity of cell-surface CD38. CS/2 and clone 90 had no effect on the cyclase activity of FLAG-CD38 and inhibited the cyclase activity of cell-surface CD38. Accordingly, these agonistic antibodies probably induce the conformational changes of CD38 that are evident in the distinct alterations of the catalytic site. The antibodies will be useful tools to analyze the conformational change of CD38 in the process of triggering B cell survival and the activation signal.
Collapse
|
13
|
Gallay N, Anani L, Lopez A, Colombat P, Binet C, Domenech J, Weksler BB, Malavasi F, Herault O. The Role of Platelet/Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule–1 (CD31) and CD38 Antigens in Marrow Microenvironmental Retention of Acute Myelogenous Leukemia Cells. Cancer Res 2007; 67:8624-32. [PMID: 17875702 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-0402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), leukemic cell-microenvironment interactions within various niches (stromal/osteoblastic or sinusoidal endothelial cell niches) have a role in leukemia cell survival and drug resistance. The AML leukemic cells express platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (CD31) and CD38, two adhesion molecules that could interact with microenvironmental elements, i.e., CD31 on the surface of marrow endothelial cells (CD31/CD31 and CD38/CD31 interactions) and hyaluronate (CD38/hyaluronate interactions). We report a physical association of these two antigens on the plasma membrane of myeloid leukemic cells. In this context, in vitro experiments done using interaction-blocking anti-CD31 and anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies (CLB-HEC75 and OKT10, respectively) indicate that an excess of CD31 on the cell membrane of leukemic cells (CD31/CD38 MFI ratio >1) promotes a homotypic interaction with marrow endothelial cells, resulting in higher transendothelial migration. Conversely, an excess of CD38 (CD31/CD38 MFI ratio <1) allows leukemic cells to be entrapped within the bone marrow microenvironment through hyaluronate adhesion. The results obtained in vitro using fluorescence resonance energy transfer, co-capping, and co-immunoprecipitation experiments, and hyaluronate adhesion and transendothelial migration assays, are supported by immunophenotypic characterization of marrow leukemic cells from 78 AML patients on which CD38 expression levels were found to be positively correlated with those of CD31. Importantly, the excess of CD31 in those samples was associated with a higher peripheral WBC count. These findings indicate that bone marrow retention of AML cells depends on CD31 and CD38 coexpression levels.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1/immunology
- ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1/metabolism
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Bone Marrow Cells/immunology
- Bone Marrow Cells/metabolism
- Bone Marrow Cells/pathology
- Cell Adhesion/physiology
- Cell Membrane/metabolism
- Cell Movement/physiology
- Endothelial Cells/immunology
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Endothelial Cells/pathology
- Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer
- HL-60 Cells
- Humans
- Hyaluronic Acid
- Immunophenotyping
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/blood
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/immunology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Leukocyte Count
- Middle Aged
- Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/immunology
- Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/metabolism
- U937 Cells
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Gallay
- INSERM ESPRI-EA3855, Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bao F, Polk P, Nordberg ML, Veillon DM, Sun A, Deininger M, Murray D, Andersson BS, Munker R. Comparative gene expression analysis of a chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line resistant to cyclophosphamide using oligonucleotide arrays and response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Leuk Res 2007; 31:1511-20. [PMID: 17403535 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2007.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2006] [Revised: 02/27/2007] [Accepted: 03/01/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Acquired imatinib resistance in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) can be the consequence of mutations in the kinase domain of BCR-ABL or increased protein levels. However, as in other malignancies, acquired resistance to cytostatic drugs is a common reason for treatment failure or disease progression. As a model for drug resistance, we developed a CML cell line resistant to cyclophosphamide (CP). Using oligonucleotide arrays, we examined changes in global gene expression. Selected genes were also examined by real-time PCR and flow cytometry. Neither the parent nor the resistant lines had mutations in their ATP binding domain. Filtering genes with a low-base line expression, a total of 239 genes showed significant changes (162 up- and 77 down-regulated) in the resistant clone. Most of the up-regulated genes were associated with metabolism, signal transduction, or encoded enzymes. The gene for aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 was over-expressed more than 2000-fold in the resistant clone. BCR-ABL was expressed in both cell lines to a comparable extent. When exposed to the tyrosine kinase inhibitors imatinib and nilotinib, both lines were sensitive. In conclusion, we found multiple genetic changes in a CML cell line resistant to CP related to metabolism, signal transduction or apoptosis. Despite these changes, the resistant cells retained sensitivity to tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Bao
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yen A. Retinoic acid therapy served by ligands cross linking and masking CD38. Leuk Res 2006; 31:423-5. [PMID: 16914201 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2006.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2006] [Revised: 06/30/2006] [Accepted: 07/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
16
|
Lamkin TJ, Chin V, Varvayanis S, Smith JL, Sramkoski RM, Jacobberger JW, Yen A. Retinoic acid-induced CD38 expression in HL-60 myeloblastic leukemia cells regulates cell differentiation or viability depending on expression levels. J Cell Biochem 2006; 97:1328-38. [PMID: 16329108 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.20745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Retinoic acid-induced expression of the CD38 ectoenzyme receptor in HL-60 human myeloblastic leukemia cells is regulated by RARalpha and RXR, and enhanced or prevented cell differentiation depending on the level of expression per cell. RARalpha activation caused CD38 expression, as did RXR activation but not as effectively. Inhibition of MAPK signaling through MEK inhibition diminished the induced expression by both RARs and RXRs. Expression of CD38 enhanced retinoic acid-induced myeloid differentiation and G0 cell cycle arrest, but at higher expression levels, induced differentiation was blocked and retinoic acid induced a loss of cell viability instead. In the case of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, induced monocytic differentiation was also enhanced by CD38 and not enhanced by higher expression levels, but without induced loss of viability. Expression levels of CD38 thus regulated the cellular response to retinoic acid, either propelling cell differentiation or loss of viability. The cellular effects of CD38 thus depend on its expression level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Lamkin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lund FE, Muller-Steffner H, Romero-Ramirez H, Moreno-García ME, Partida-Sánchez S, Makris M, Oppenheimer NJ, Santos-Argumedo L, Schuber F. CD38 induces apoptosis of a murine pro-B leukemic cell line by a tyrosine kinase-dependent but ADP-ribosyl cyclase- and NAD glycohydrolase-independent mechanism. Int Immunol 2006; 18:1029-42. [PMID: 16720618 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxl037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cross-linking of CD38 on hematopoietic cells induces activation, proliferation and differentiation of mature T and B cells and mediates apoptosis of myeloid and lymphoid progenitor cells. In addition to acting as a signaling receptor, CD38 is also an enzyme capable of producing several calcium-mobilizing metabolites, including cyclic adenosine diphosphate ribose (cADPR). It has been previously postulated that the calcium-mobilizing metabolites produced by CD38 may regulate its receptor-based activities. To test this hypothesis, we examined whether the enzyme activity of CD38 controls the apoptosis of an anti-CD38-stimulated leukemic B cell. We show that anti-CD38-induced apoptosis of Ba/F3 cells, a murine pro-B cell line, is not affected by blocking the calcium-mobilizing activity of cADPR or by inhibiting intracellular or extracellular calcium mobilization. In addition, we demonstrate that blocking CD38 enzyme activity with 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-nicotinamide arabinoside adenine dinucleotide has no effect on apoptosis and that Ba/F3 cells expressing catalytically inactive mutant forms of CD38 still undergo apoptosis upon CD38 cross-linking. Instead, we find that anti-CD38-induced apoptosis is dependent on tyrosine kinase and caspase activation, and that this process appears to be potentiated by the presence of membrane microdomains. Thus, the receptor-mediated functions of CD38 can be separated from its enzyme activity in a murine leukemic cell line, suggesting that CD38 plays multiple, but independent, biologic roles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frances E Lund
- Trudeau Institute, 154 Algonquin Avenue, Saranac Lake, NY 12983, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bonig H, Rohmer L, Papayannopoulou T. Long-term functional impairment of hemopoietic progenitor cells engineered to express the S1 catalytic subunit of pertussis toxin. Exp Hematol 2005; 33:689-98. [PMID: 15911093 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2005.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2005] [Revised: 02/02/2005] [Accepted: 03/08/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A large body of data suggests that pertussis toxin (PTX)-sensitive G protein signals in mature and immature hemopoietic cells control their migration patterns in vitro and in vivo. These effects were derived after treatment of cells or animals with PTX. To circumvent several inherent problems of PTX holotoxin treatment, we expressed the S1 catalytic activity of PTX, thus blocking Gi protein signaling, in 32D murine myeloid progenitor cells and in primary human CD34+ cells, and studied its functional consequences. METHODS S1 was expressed using viral vectors. Effects of Gi protein blockade on proliferation, migration, adhesion, and gene expression were tested in vitro. RESULTS S1 expression was nontoxic for the cells; expression and function were stable long-term and not overridden by compensatory mechanisms. S1-transduced 32D cells and primary CD34+ cells migrated poorly and did not contract their cytoskeleton upon treatment with the chemoattractant stromal cell-derived factor -1 (SDF-1), similar to the phenotype induced by PTX treatment. Gene expression studies comparing S1-transduced and control 32D cells uncovered four genes, expression of which was regulated by Gi protein blockade. Of interest, although SDF-1 signaling was inhibited, comparison between SDF-1-treated and untreated cells suggests that SDF-1 stimulation does not depend on de novo gene expression in these cells. Furthermore, when injected into nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient mice, seeding of S1-expressing 32D cells to bone marrow was largely blocked. CONCLUSION Expression of S1 is an effective approach for studying long-term functional consequences of Gi protein blockade in hemopoietic cells in vitro and in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Halvard Bonig
- Department of Medicine/Hematology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7720, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Mihara K, Imai C, Coustan-Smith E, Dome JS, Dominici M, Vanin E, Campana D. Development and functional characterization of human bone marrow mesenchymal cells immortalized by enforced expression of telomerase. Br J Haematol 2003; 120:846-9. [PMID: 12614220 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2003.04217.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
To create immortal mesenchymal cell lines, we transduced primary human bone marrow mesenchymal cells with telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT). TERT+ mesenchymal cells continued to grow for > 2 years; parallel TERT- cultures underwent senescence after 15 weeks. TERT+ mesenchymal cells did not form foci in soft agar, had a normal karyotype and could differentiate into osteoblasts and chondrocytes. Their capacity to support leukaemic lymphoblasts and normal CD34+ haematopoietic cells was equal to or greater than that of primary cells; 42 TERT+ mesenchymal cell clones varied in their supporting capacity. Immortalized mesenchymal cells offer a promising tool for identifying molecules that regulate human haematopoiesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keichiro Mihara
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105-2794, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Partida-Sánchez S, Randall TD, Lund FE. Innate immunity is regulated by CD38, an ecto-enzyme with ADP-ribosyl cyclase activity. Microbes Infect 2003; 5:49-58. [PMID: 12593973 DOI: 10.1016/s1286-4579(02)00055-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Through its production of cyclic adenosine diphosphate ribose, the ecto-enzyme CD38 regulates calcium mobilization in neutrophils responding to some, but not all, chemoattractants. This signaling defect results in reduced chemotaxis of CD38-deficient neutrophils to bacterial peptides and increased susceptibility of CD38-deficient mice to bacterial infections.
Collapse
|
21
|
Marchetti P, Antonelli A, Lupi R, Marselli L, Fallahi P, Nesti C, Baj G, Ferrannini E. Prolonged in vitro exposure to autoantibodies against CD38 impairs the function and survival of human pancreatic islets. Diabetes 2002; 51 Suppl 3:S474-7. [PMID: 12475792 DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.51.2007.s474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Autoantibodies against CD38 (adenosine-5'-diphosphate[ADP]-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase) have been described in 10-12% of patients with type 2 diabetes. In human islets, anti-CD38 autoantibodies (CD38Abs) acutely stimulate insulin release (IR) and increase the cytosolic calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)). Whether CD38Abs affect human islet cell function and survival upon prolonged in vitro exposure is not known. We cultured human islets for up to 7 days in the presence of sera from 10 patients with type 2 diabetes that had neither CD38Ab- nor [Ca(2+)](i)-mobilizing activity (-/-), sera from 6 patients with type 2 diabetes that was CD38Ab-positive and had [Ca(2+)](i)-mobilizing activity (+/+), or no sera (control). At baseline, +/+ sera caused a significant (P < 0.002) acute stimulation of IR (IR at 3.3 mmol/l glucose was 45 +/- 19, 84 +/- 24, and 34 +/- 12 micro U/ml in control, +/+, and -/- sera, respectively; the corresponding IR at 16.7 mmol/l glucose was 72 +/- 25, 204 +/- 56, and 80 +/- 32 micro U/ml). At 3 days, IR at 3.3 mmol/l glucose was 42 +/- 18, 27 +/- 11, and 43 +/- 24 micro U/ml (P = 0.0003) for control, +/+, and -/- sera, respectively, whereas at 16.7 mmol/l glucose, it was 95 +/- 76, 45 +/- 35, and 76 +/- 42 micro U/ml, respectively. After 7 days of exposure, the corresponding IR at 3.3 mmol/l glucose was 40 +/- 11, 28 +/- 12, and 35 +/- 15 micro U/ml, respectively, whereas at 16.7 mmol/l glucose it was 79 +/- 39, 39 +/- 17, and 62 +/- 39 micro U/ml. At both 3 and 7 days, IR still increased when switching from 3.3 to 16.7 mmol/l glucose (P < 0.0003), and incubation with +/+ sera induced a significant decrease in the insulin response (P < 0.002). At 7 days, the number of dead cells (as evaluated by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique) differed significantly between control (1.2 +/- 0.3 OD units) cells, islets exposed to -/- sera (1.4 +/- 0.1), and islets coincubated with +/+ sera (1.9 +/- 0.4, P < 0.01). We conclude that prolonged exposure of human islets to sera positive for the presence of CD38Abs with [Ca(2+)](i)-mobilizing activity impairs beta-cell function and viability in cultured human pancreatic islets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piero Marchetti
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lewandowski D, Linassier C, Iochmann S, Degenne M, Domenech J, Colombat P, Binet C, Hérault O. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases are involved in the all-trans retinoic acid-induced upregulation of CD38 antigen on human haematopoietic cells. Br J Haematol 2002; 118:535-44. [PMID: 12139742 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2002.03601.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is a specific inducer of CD38 antigen on marrow CD34+ cells as well as on blast cells in acute promyelocytic and myeloblastic leukaemia. The CD38 antigen contributes to the control of blast cell proliferation, and the upregulation of CD38 might constitute an element in the pathogenesis of retinoic acid syndrome. The aim of this study was to determine whether phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-K) is involved in the modification of CD38 antigen expression on myeloid cells, as PI3-K plays a major role in the ATRA-induced granulocytic differentiation of HL-60 cells. We evaluated the effects of PI3-K inhibitors (wortmannin and LY294002) on the levels of CD38 antigen and mRNA in HL-60 and normal marrow CD34+ cells exposed to ATRA (1 micromol/l). The inhibitors prevented increase in CD38 mRNA expression and the overexpression of membrane CD38 antigen, without modification of the cytoplasmic level of this antigen. Interestingly, PI3-K activity was also necessary for CD38 expression on normal marrow CD34+ cells and for the ATRA-induced upregulation of CD157, a CD38-related antigen. In conclusion, PI3-K activity plays an essential role in the regulation of CD38 expression on human haematopoietic cells, and might constitute an interesting therapeutic target in haematological disorders involving CD38 overexpression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lewandowski
- UPRES-EA 3249 'Haematopoietic cells, Haemostasis and Transplantation', Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Bretonneau, boulevard Tonnellé, 37044 Tours Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Thiele A, Pfister M, Erbes M, Cross M, Hansch M, Hauschildt S. Novobiocin is a novel inducer of CD38 on cells of the myelomonocytic lineage. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2002; 1542:32-40. [PMID: 11853877 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4889(01)00163-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
KG-1a, HL-60 and U-937 cells, which represent different stages of myelopoiesis, showed growth retardation in response to the coumarin antibiotic novobiocin. Novobiocin was found to increase CD38 expression (in all three cell lines) and to induce differentiation along the monocytic path in HL-60 and U-937 cells but not in KG-1a cells. The increase in surface expression of CD38 was matched by NAD glycohydrolase activity and by increases in the level of specific mRNA, indicating that the gene product is active and that regulation occurs at the level of transcription or mRNA stability. Of the three cell lines tested, only the early KG-1a expressed N-cadherin, a member of Ca(2+)-dependent adhesion molecules involved in embryonic differentiation processes. In contrast to CD38, N-cadherin was slightly down-regulated pointing to a specific role of novobiocin in gene regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Thiele
- Institute of Zoology, Department of Immunobiology, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Lucio P, Gaipa G, van Lochem EG, van Wering ER, Porwit-MacDonald A, Faria T, Bjorklund E, Biondi A, van den Beemd MW, Baars E, Vidriales B, Parreira A, van Dongen JJ, San Miguel JF, Orfao A. BIOMED-I concerted action report: flow cytometric immunophenotyping of precursor B-ALL with standardized triple-stainings. BIOMED-1 Concerted Action Investigation of Minimal Residual Disease in Acute Leukemia: International Standardization and Clinical Evaluation. Leukemia 2001; 15:1185-92. [PMID: 11480560 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2402150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The flow cytometric detection of minimal residual disease (MRD) in precursor-B-acute lymphoblastic leukemias (precursor-B-ALL) mainly relies on the identification of minor leukemic cell populations that can be discriminated from their normal counterparts on the basis of phenotypic aberrancies observed at diagnosis. This technique is not very complex, but discordancies are frequently observed between laboratories, due to the lack of standardized methodological procedures and technical conditions. To develop standardized flow cytometric techniques for MRD detection, a European BIOMED-1 Concerted Action was initiated with the participation of laboratories from six different countries. The goal of this concerted action was to define aberrant phenotypic profiles in a series of 264 consecutive de novo precursor-B-ALL cases, systematically studied with one to five triple-labelings (TdT/CD10/CD19, CD10/CD20/CD19, CD34/CD38/CD19, CD34/CD22/CD19 and CD19/CD34/CD45) using common flow cytometric protocols in all participating laboratories. The use of four or five triple-stainings allowed the identification of aberrant phenotypes in virtually all cases tested (127 out of 130, 98%). These phenotypic aberrancies could be identified in at least two and often three triple-labelings per case. When the analysis was based on two or three triple-stainings, lower incidences of aberrancies were identified (75% and 81% of cases, respectively) that could be detected in one and sometimes two triple-stainings per case. The most informative triple staining was the TdT/CD10/CD19 combination, which enabled the identification of aberrancies in 78% of cases. The frequencies of phenotypic aberrations detected with the other four triple-stainings were 64% for CD10/CD20/CD19, 56% for CD34/CD38/CD19, 46% for CD34/CD22/CD19, and 22% for CD19/CD34/CD45. In addition, cross-lineage antigen expression was detected in 45% of cases, mainly coexpression of the myeloid antigens CD13 and/or CD33 (40%). Parallel flow cytometric studies in different laboratories finally resulted in highly concordant results (>90%) for all five antibody combinations, indicating the high reproducibility of our approach. In conclusion, the technique presented here with triple-labelings forms an excellent basis for standardized flow cytometric MRD studies in multicenter international treatment protocols for precursor-B-ALL patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Lucio
- Department of Hematology, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Lisbon
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Donís-Hernández FR, Parkhouse RME, Santos-Argumedo L. Ontogeny, distribution and function of CD38-expressing B lymphocytes in mice. Eur J Immunol 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-4141(200104)31:4<1261::aid-immu1261>3.0.co;2-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
26
|
Srivannaboon K, Shanafelt AB, Todisco E, Forte CP, Behm FG, Raimondi SC, Pui CH, Campana D. Interleukin-4 variant (BAY 36-1677) selectively induces apoptosis in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Blood 2001; 97:752-8. [PMID: 11157494 DOI: 10.1182/blood.v97.3.752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 4 (IL-4) suppresses the growth of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells, but its clinical usefulness is limited by proinflammatory activity due mainly to the interaction of cytokine with endothelial cells and fibroblasts. Stroma-supported cultures of leukemic lymphoblasts were used to test the antileukemic activity of an IL-4 variant, BAY 36-1677, in which the mutations Arg 121 to Glu and Thr 13 to Asp ensure high affinity for IL-4Ralpha/IL-2Rgamma receptors expressed by lymphoid cells, without activation of the IL-4Ralpha/IL-13Ralpha receptors mainly expressed by other cells. BAY 36-1677 (25 ng/mL) was cytotoxic in 14 of 16 cases of B-lineage ALL; the median reduction in cell recovery after 7 days of culture was 85% (range, 17%-95%) compared to results of parallel cultures not exposed to the cytokine. Twelve of the 14 sensitive cases had t(9;22) or 11q23 abnormalities; 3 were obtained at relapse. BAY 36-1677 induced apoptosis in leukemic lymphoblasts but did not substantially affect the growth of normal CD34+ cells, thus conferring a growth advantage to normal hematopoietic cells over leukemic lymphoblasts in vitro. BAY 36-1677 had antileukemic activity equal or superior to that produced by native IL-4, but it lacked any effects on the growth of endothelial cells and fibroblasts. The molecular manipulation of IL-4 to abrogate its proinflammatory activity has generated a novel and therapeutically promising cytokine for the treatment of high-risk ALL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Srivannaboon
- Departments of Hematology-Oncology and Pathology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, and the University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
Human CD38 is the mammalian prototype of a family of proteins which share structural similarities and an ectoenzymatic activity involved in the production of calcium mobilizing compounds. Besides the enzymatic activity, the molecule performs as a receptor, ruling adhesion and signaling in leukocytes. These functions are exerted through the interaction with surface ligands, one of which was identified as CD31. Recently, CD38 has gained attention as a prognostic marker and a pathogenetic agent in leukemias and in other diseases. Together these insights have produced a model of an as yet unique family of molecules, which act independently as receptors and enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Deaglio
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Genetics and Biochemistry, University of Torino Medical School, via Santena 19, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|