1
|
Csányi MC, Salamon P, Feller T, Bozó T, Hársfalvi J, Kellermayer MSZ. Structural hierarchy of mechanical extensibility in human von Willebrand factor multimers. Protein Sci 2023; 32:e4535. [PMID: 36478480 PMCID: PMC9798247 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The von Willebrand factor (VWF) is a multimeric glycoprotein composed of 80- to 120-nm-long protomeric units and plays a fundamental role in mediating platelet function at high shear. The exact nature of the shear-induced structural transitions have remained elusive; uncovering them requires the high-resolution quantitative analysis of gradually extended VWF. Here, we stretched human blood-plasma-derived VWF with molecular combing and analyzed the axial structure of the elongated multimers with atomic force microscopy. Protomers extended through structural intermediates that could be grouped into seven distinct topographical classes. Protomer extension thus progresses through the uncoiling of the C1-6 domain segment, rearrangements among the N-terminal VWF domains, and unfolding and elastic extension of the A2 domain. The least and most extended protomer conformations were localized at the ends and the middle of the multimer, respectively, revealing an apparent necking phenomenon characteristic of plastic-material behavior. The structural hierarchy uncovered here is likely to provide a spatial control mechanism to the complex functions of VWF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mária Csilla Csányi
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation BiologySemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Pál Salamon
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation BiologySemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary,Present address:
Department of BioengineeringSapientia Hungarian University of TransylvaniaMiercurea CiucRomania
| | - Tímea Feller
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation BiologySemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary,Present address:
Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic MedicineUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - Tamás Bozó
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation BiologySemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Jolán Hársfalvi
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation BiologySemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Distribution and history of extensional stresses on vWF surrogate molecules in turbulent flow. Sci Rep 2022; 12:171. [PMID: 34997036 PMCID: PMC8742075 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04034-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The configuration of proteins is critical for their biochemical behavior. Mechanical stresses that act on them can affect their behavior leading to the development of decease. The von Willebrand factor (vWF) protein circulating with the blood loses its efficacy when it undergoes non-physiological hemodynamic stresses. While often overlooked, extensional stresses can affect the structure of vWF at much lower stress levels than shear stresses. The statistical distribution of extensional stress as it applies on models of the vWF molecule within turbulent flow was examined here. The stress on the molecules of the protein was calculated with computations that utilized a Lagrangian approach for the determination of the molecule trajectories in the flow filed. The history of the stresses on the proteins was also calculated. Two different flow fields were considered as models of typical flows in cardiovascular mechanical devises, one was a Poiseuille flow and the other was a Poiseuille–Couette flow field. The data showed that the distribution of stresses is important for the design of blood flow devices because the average stress can be below the critical value for protein damage, but tails of the distribution can be outside the critical stress regime.
Collapse
|
3
|
Languin-Cattoën O, Laborie E, Yurkova DO, Melchionna S, Derreumaux P, Belyaev AV, Sterpone F. Exposure of Von Willebrand Factor Cleavage Site in A1A2A3-Fragment under Extreme Hydrodynamic Shear. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13223912. [PMID: 34833213 PMCID: PMC8625202 DOI: 10.3390/polym13223912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Von Willebrand Factor (vWf) is a giant multimeric extracellular blood plasma involved in hemostasis. In this work we present multi-scale simulations of its three-domains fragment A1A2A3. These three domains are essential for the functional regulation of vWf. Namely the A2 domain hosts the site where the protease ADAMTS13 cleavages the multimeric vWf allowing for its length control that prevents thrombotic conditions. The exposure of the cleavage site follows the elongation/unfolding of the domain that is caused by an increased shear stress in blood. By deploying Lattice Boltzmann molecular dynamics simulations based on the OPEP coarse-grained model for proteins, we investigated at molecular level the unfolding of the A2 domain under the action of a perturbing shear flow. We described the structural steps of this unfolding that mainly concerns the β-strand structures of the domain, and we compared the process occurring under shear with that produced by the action of a directional pulling force, a typical condition of single molecule experiments. We observe, that under the action of shear flow, the competition among the elongational and rotational components of the fluid field leads to a complex behaviour of the domain, where elongated structures can be followed by partially collapsed melted globule structures with a very different degree of exposure of the cleavage site. Our simulations pose the base for the development of a multi-scale in-silico description of vWf dynamics and functionality in physiological conditions, including high resolution details for molecular relevant events, e.g., the binding to platelets and collagen during coagulation or thrombosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Languin-Cattoën
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Théorique, CNRS, Université de Paris, UPR 9080, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005 Paris, France; (O.L.-C.); (E.L.); (P.D.)
| | - Emeline Laborie
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Théorique, CNRS, Université de Paris, UPR 9080, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005 Paris, France; (O.L.-C.); (E.L.); (P.D.)
| | - Daria O. Yurkova
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Simone Melchionna
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università Sapienza, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Philippe Derreumaux
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Théorique, CNRS, Université de Paris, UPR 9080, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005 Paris, France; (O.L.-C.); (E.L.); (P.D.)
| | - Aleksey V. Belyaev
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- Correspondence: (A.V.B.); (F.S.)
| | - Fabio Sterpone
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Théorique, CNRS, Université de Paris, UPR 9080, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005 Paris, France; (O.L.-C.); (E.L.); (P.D.)
- Correspondence: (A.V.B.); (F.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Belyaev AV. Intradimer forces and their implication for conformations of von Willebrand factor multimers. Biophys J 2021; 120:899-911. [PMID: 33524374 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The largest blood glycoprotein von Willebrand factor (VWF) responds to hydrodynamic stresses in the bloodstream with abrupt conformation changes, thus increasing its adhesivity to platelets and collagen. Arterial and microvascular hemostasis relies on mechanical and physicochemical properties of this macromolecule. Recently, it was discovered that the mechanical properties of VWF are controlled by multiple pH-dependent interactions with opposite trends within dimeric subunits. In this work, computer simulations reveal the effect of these intradimer forces on the conformation of VWF multimers in various hydrodynamic conditions. A coarse-grained computer model of VWF has been proposed and parameterized to give a good agreement with experimental data. The simulations suggest that strong attraction between VWF D4 domains increases the resistance to elongation under shear stress, whereas even intermediate attraction between VWF C domains contributes to VWF compaction in nonsheared fluid. It is hypothesized that the detailed subdimer dynamics of VWF concatamers may be one of the biophysical regulators of initial hemostasis and arterial thrombosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksey V Belyaev
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Physics, Moscow, Russia; IRC Mathematical modelling in Biomedicine, S.M. Nikolskii Mathematical Institute, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Braune S, Latour RA, Reinthaler M, Landmesser U, Lendlein A, Jung F. In Vitro Thrombogenicity Testing of Biomaterials. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1900527. [PMID: 31612646 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201900527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The short- and long-term thrombogenicity of implant materials is still unpredictable, which is a significant challenge for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. A knowledge-based approach for implementing biofunctions in materials requires a detailed understanding of the medical device in the biological system. In particular, the interplay between material and blood components/cells as well as standardized and commonly acknowledged in vitro test methods allowing a reproducible categorization of the material thrombogenicity requires further attention. Here, the status of in vitro thrombogenicity testing methods for biomaterials is reviewed, particularly taking in view the preparation of test materials and references, the selection and characterization of donors and blood samples, the prerequisites for reproducible approaches and applied test systems. Recent joint approaches in finding common standards for a reproducible testing are summarized and perspectives for a more disease oriented in vitro thrombogenicity testing are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Braune
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin‐Brandenburg Centre for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT)Helmholtz‐Zentrum Geesthacht Kantstrasse 55 14513 Teltow Germany
| | - Robert A. Latour
- Rhodes Engineering Research CenterDepartment of BioengineeringClemson University Clemson SC 29634 USA
| | - Markus Reinthaler
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin‐Brandenburg Centre for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT)Helmholtz‐Zentrum Geesthacht Kantstrasse 55 14513 Teltow Germany
- Department for CardiologyCharité UniversitätsmedizinCampus Benjamin Franklin Hindenburgdamm 30 12203 Berlin Germany
| | - Ulf Landmesser
- Department for CardiologyCharité UniversitätsmedizinCampus Benjamin Franklin Hindenburgdamm 30 12203 Berlin Germany
| | - Andreas Lendlein
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin‐Brandenburg Centre for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT)Helmholtz‐Zentrum Geesthacht Kantstrasse 55 14513 Teltow Germany
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of Potsdam Karl‐Liebknecht‐Strasse 24‐25 14476 Potsdam Germany
- Helmholtz Virtual Institute “Multifunctional Biomaterials for Medicine”Helmholtz‐Zentrum Geesthacht Kantstrasse 55 14513 Teltow Germany
| | - Friedrich Jung
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin‐Brandenburg Centre for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT)Helmholtz‐Zentrum Geesthacht Kantstrasse 55 14513 Teltow Germany
- Helmholtz Virtual Institute “Multifunctional Biomaterials for Medicine”Helmholtz‐Zentrum Geesthacht Kantstrasse 55 14513 Teltow Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bortot M, Ashworth K, Sharifi A, Walker F, Crawford NC, Neeves KB, Bark D, Di Paola J. Turbulent Flow Promotes Cleavage of VWF (von Willebrand Factor) by ADAMTS13 (A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase With a Thrombospondin Type-1 Motif, Member 13). Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:1831-1842. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.312814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Objective—
Acquired von Willebrand syndrome is defined by excessive cleavage of the VWF (von Willebrand Factor) and is associated with impaired primary hemostasis and severe bleeding. It often develops when blood is exposed to nonphysiological flow such as in aortic stenosis or mechanical circulatory support. We evaluated the role of laminar, transitional, and turbulent flow on VWF cleavage and the effects on VWF function.
Approach and Results—
We used a vane rheometer to generate laminar, transitional, and turbulent flow and evaluate the effect of each on VWF cleavage in the presence of ADAMTS13 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with a thrombospondin type-1 motif, member 13). We performed functional assays to evaluate the effect of these flows on VWF structure and function. Computational fluid dynamics was used to estimate the flow fields and forces within the vane rheometer under each flow condition. Turbulent flow is required for excessive cleavage of VWF in an ADAMTS13-dependent manner. The assay was repeated with whole blood, and the turbulent flow had the same effect. Our computational fluid dynamics results show that under turbulent conditions, the Kolmogorov scale approaches the size of VWF. Finally, cleavage of VWF in this study has functional consequences under flow as the resulting VWF has decreased ability to bind platelets and collagen.
Conclusions—
Turbulent flow mediates VWF cleavage in the presence of ADAMTS13, decreasing the ability of VWF to sustain platelet adhesion. These findings impact the design of mechanical circulatory support devices and are relevant to pathological environments where turbulence is added to circulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bortot
- From the Department of Pediatrics (M.B., K.A., F.W., K.B.N., D.B., J.D.P.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
- Department of Bioengineering (M.B., K.B.N.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Katrina Ashworth
- From the Department of Pediatrics (M.B., K.A., F.W., K.B.N., D.B., J.D.P.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Alireza Sharifi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering (A.S., D.B.), Colorado State University, Fort Collins
| | - Faye Walker
- From the Department of Pediatrics (M.B., K.A., F.W., K.B.N., D.B., J.D.P.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Nathan C. Crawford
- Department of Material Characterization, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Madison, WI (N.C.C.)
| | - Keith B. Neeves
- From the Department of Pediatrics (M.B., K.A., F.W., K.B.N., D.B., J.D.P.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
- Department of Bioengineering (M.B., K.B.N.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - David Bark
- From the Department of Pediatrics (M.B., K.A., F.W., K.B.N., D.B., J.D.P.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
- Department of Mechanical Engineering (A.S., D.B.), Colorado State University, Fort Collins
- School of Biomedical Engineering (D.B.), Colorado State University, Fort Collins
| | - Jorge Di Paola
- From the Department of Pediatrics (M.B., K.A., F.W., K.B.N., D.B., J.D.P.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Structure of von Willebrand factor A1 on polystyrene determined from experimental and calculated sum frequency generation spectra. Biointerphases 2018; 13:06E411. [PMID: 30551688 DOI: 10.1116/1.5056219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-clotting protein von Willebrand factor (vWF) can be activated by small molecules, high shear stress, and interactions with interfaces. It subsequently binds platelet receptor glycoprotein Ibα (GPIbα) at the surface of platelets, thereby playing a crucial role in blood clotting due to platelet activation, which is an important process to consider in the design of cardiovascular implants and biomaterials used in blood-contacting applications. The influence of surfaces on the activation and the molecular-level structure of surface-bound vWF is largely unknown. Recent studies have indicated that when bound to hydrophobic polystyrene (PS), the A1 domain of vWF remains accessible for GPIbα binding. However, the detailed secondary structure and exact orientation of vWF A1 at the PS surface is still unresolved. Here, the authors resolve these features by studying the system with sum-frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy. The data are consistent with a scenario where vWF A1 maintains a native secondary structure when bound to PS. Comparison of experimental and calculated SFG spectra combined with previously reported time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry data suggests that A1 assumes an orientation with the GPIbα binding domain oriented away from the solid surface and exposed to the solution phase. This structural information will benefit future in vitro experiments with surface-adsorbed A1 domain and may have relevance for the design of novel blood-contacting biomaterials and wound-healing applications.
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
In this work, computer modeling has been used to show that longer ligands allow biological cells (e.g., blood platelets) to withstand stronger flows after their adhesion to solid walls. A mechanistic model of polymer-mediated ligand-receptor adhesion between a microparticle (cell) and a flat wall has been developed. The theoretical threshold between adherent and non-adherent regimes has been derived analytically and confirmed by simulations. These results lead to a deeper understanding of numerous biophysical processes, e.g., arterial thrombosis, and to the design of new biomimetic colloid-polymer systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksey V Belyaev
- M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Physics, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Posch S, Obser T, König G, Schneppenheim R, Tampé R, Hinterdorfer P. Interaction of von Willebrand factor domains with collagen investigated by single molecule force spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:123310. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5007313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Posch
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
| | - Tobias Obser
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gesa König
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Reinhard Schneppenheim
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robert Tampé
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biocenter, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gogia S, Neelamegham S. Role of fluid shear stress in regulating VWF structure, function and related blood disorders. Biorheology 2016; 52:319-35. [PMID: 26600266 PMCID: PMC4927820 DOI: 10.3233/bir-15061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Von Willebrand factor (VWF) is the largest glycoprotein in blood. It plays a crucial role in primary hemostasis via its binding interaction with platelet and endothelial cell surface receptors, other blood proteins and extra-cellular matrix components. This protein is found as a series of repeat units that are disulfide bonded to form multimeric structures. Once in blood, the protein multimer distribution is dynamically regulated by fluid shear stress which has two opposing effects: it promotes the aggregation or self-association of multiple VWF units, and it simultaneously reduces multimer size by facilitating the force-dependent cleavage of the protein by various proteases, most notably ADAMTS13 (a disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin type repeats, motif 1 type 13). In addition to these effects, fluid shear also controls the solution and substrate-immobilized structure of VWF, the nature of contact between blood platelets and substrates, and the biomechanics of the GpIbα–VWF bond. These features together regulate different physiological and pathological processes including normal hemostasis, arterial and venous thrombosis, von Willebrand disease, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and acquired von Willebrand syndrome. This article discusses current knowledge of VWF structure–function relationships with emphasis on the effects of hydrodynamic shear, including rapid methods to estimate the nature and magnitude of these forces in selected conditions. It shows that observations made by many investigators using solution and substrate-based shearing devices can be reconciled upon considering the physical size of VWF and the applied mechanical force in these different geometries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shobhit Gogia
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Sriram Neelamegham
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yoo HY, Huang J, Li L, Foo M, Zeng H, Hwang DS. Nanomechanical Contribution of Collagen and von Willebrand Factor A in Marine Underwater Adhesion and Its Implication for Collagen Manipulation. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:946-53. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b01622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jun Huang
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Lin Li
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Mathias Foo
- School
of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Hongbo Zeng
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2V4, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Nashimoto Y, Takahashi Y, Ida H, Matsumae Y, Ino K, Shiku H, Matsue T. Nanoscale Imaging of an Unlabeled Secretory Protein in Living Cells Using Scanning Ion Conductance Microscopy. Anal Chem 2015; 87:2542-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ac5046388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Nashimoto
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8576, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Takahashi
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8576, Japan
- WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8576, Japan
- PRESTO, JST, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ida
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8576, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Matsumae
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8576, Japan
| | - Kosuke Ino
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8576, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Shiku
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8576, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Matsue
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8576, Japan
- WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8576, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Analysis of the role of von Willebrand factor, platelet glycoprotein VI-, and α2β1-mediated collagen binding in thrombus formation. Blood 2014; 124:1799-807. [PMID: 25051961 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-09-521484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rare missense mutations in the von Willebrand factor (VWF) A3 domain that disrupt collagen binding have been found in patients with a mild bleeding phenotype. However, the analysis of these aberrant VWF-collagen interactions has been limited. Here, we have developed mouse models of collagen-binding mutants and analyzed the function of the A3 domain using comprehensive in vitro and in vivo approaches. Five loss-of-function (p.S1731T, p.W1745C, p.S1783A, p.H1786D, A3 deletion) and 1 gain-of-function (p.L1757A) variants were generated in the mouse VWF complementary DNA. The results of these various assays were consistent, although the magnitude of the effects were different: the gain-of-function (p.L1757A) variant showed consistent enhanced collagen binding whereas the loss-of-function mutants showed variable degrees of functional deficit. We further analyzed the impact of direct platelet-collagen binding by blocking glycoprotein VI (GPVI) and integrin α2β1 in our ferric chloride murine thrombosis model. The inhibition of GPVI demonstrated a comparable functional defect in thrombosis formation to the VWF(-/-) mice whereas α2β1 inhibition demonstrated a milder bleeding phenotype. Furthermore, a delayed and markedly reduced thrombogenic response was still evident in VWF(-/-), GPVI, and α2β1 blocked animals, suggesting that alternative primary hemostatic mechanisms can partially rescue the bleeding phenotype associated with these defects.
Collapse
|
14
|
Yeung D, Chmielewski D, Mihai C, Agarwal G. Oligomerization of DDR1 ECD affects receptor-ligand binding. J Struct Biol 2013; 183:495-500. [PMID: 23810922 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2013.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1) is a widely expressed receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) which regulates cell differentiation, proliferation and migration and remodeling of the extracellular matrix. Collagen(s) are the only known ligand for DDR1. We have previously reported that collagen stimulation leads to oligomerization of the full length receptor. In this study we investigated the effect of oligomerization of the DDR1 extracellular domain (ECD) pre and post ligand binding. Solid phase binding assays showed that oligomers of recombinant DDR1-Fc bound more strongly to collagen compared to dimeric DDR1-Fc alone. In addition, DDR1-Fc itself could oligomerize upon in-vitro binding to collagen when examined using atomic force microscopy. Inhibition of dynamin mediated receptor endocytosis could prevent ligand induced endocytosis of DDR1b-YFP in live cells. However inhibition of receptor endocytosis did not affect DDR1 oligomerization. In summary our results demonstrate that DDR1 ECD plays a crucial role in receptor oligomerization which mediates high-affinity interactions with its ligand.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Yeung
- Biomedical Engineering Department, 270 Bevis Hall, 1080 Carmack Road, The Ohio State University Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - David Chmielewski
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, 473 West 12th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Cosmin Mihai
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, 473 West 12th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Gunjan Agarwal
- Biomedical Engineering Department, 270 Bevis Hall, 1080 Carmack Road, The Ohio State University Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, 473 West 12th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Vara DS, Campanella M, Canobbio I, Dunn WB, Pizzorno G, Hirano M, Pula G. Autocrine amplification of integrin αIIbβ3 activation and platelet adhesive responses by deoxyribose-1-phosphate. Thromb Haemost 2013; 109:1108-19. [PMID: 23494007 DOI: 10.1160/th12-10-0751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Using direct injection mass spectrometry (DIMS) we discovered that deoxyribose-1-phosphate (dRP) is released by platelets upon activation. Interestingly, the addition of exogenous dRP to human platelets significantly increased platelet aggregation and integrin αIIbβ3 activation in response to thrombin. In parallel, genetically modified platelets with double genetic deletion of thymidine phosphorylase and uridine phosphorylase were characterised by reduced release of dRP, impaired aggregation and decreased integrin αIIbβ3 activation in response to thrombin. In vitro platelet adhesion onto fibrinogen and collagen under physiological flow conditions was potentiated by treatment of human platelets with exogenous dRP and impaired in transgenic platelets with reduced dRP release. Human and mouse platelets responded to dRP treatment with a sizeable increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and the pre-treament with the antioxidant apocynin abolished the effect of dRP on aggregation and integrin activation. Experiments directly assessing the activation of the small G protein Rap1b and protein kinase C suggested that dRP increases the basal levels of activity of these two pivotal platelet-activating pathways in a redox-dependent manner. Taken together, we present evidence that dRP is a novel autocrine amplifier of platelet activity, which acts on platelet redox levels and modulates integrin αIIbβ3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dina S Vara
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Campus, BA2 7AY, Bath, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Singh I, Themistou E, Porcar L, Neelamegham S. Fluid shear induces conformation change in human blood protein von Willebrand factor in solution. Biophys J 2009; 96:2313-20. [PMID: 19289057 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2008.12.3900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2008] [Revised: 12/01/2008] [Accepted: 12/05/2008] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Many of the physiological functions of von Willebrand Factor (VWF), including its binding interaction with blood platelets, are regulated by the magnitude of applied fluid/hydrodynamic stress. We applied two complementary strategies to study the effect of fluid forces on the solution structure of VWF. First, small-angle neutron scattering was used to measure protein conformation changes in response to laminar shear rates (G) up to 3000/s. Here, purified VWF was sheared in a quartz Couette cell and protein conformation was measured in real time over length scales from 2-140 nm. Second, changes in VWF structure up to 9600/s were quantified by measuring the binding of a fluorescent probe 1,1'-bis(anilino)-4-,4'-bis(naphthalene)-8,8'-disulfonate (bis-ANS) to hydrophobic pockets exposed in the sheared protein. Small angle neutron scattering studies, coupled with quantitative modeling, showed that VWF undergoes structural changes at G < 3000/s. These changes were most prominent at length scales <10 nm (scattering vector (q) range >0.6/nm). A mathematical model attributes these changes to the rearrangement of domain level features within the globular section of the protein. Studies with bis-ANS demonstrated marked increase in bis-ANS binding at G > 2300/s. Together, the data suggest that local rearrangements at the domain level may precede changes at larger-length scales that accompany exposure of protein hydrophobic pockets. Changes in VWF conformation reported here likely regulate protein function in response to fluid shear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Indrajeet Singh
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
The term "biological complexes" broadly encompasses particles as diverse as multisubunit enzymes, viral capsids, transport cages, molecular nets, ribosomes, nucleosomes, biological membrane components and amyloids. The complexes represent a broad range of stability and composition. Atomic force microscopy offers a wealth of structural and functional data about such assemblies. For this review, we choose to comment on the significance of AFM to study various aspects of biology of selected nonmembrane protein assemblies. Such particles are large enough to reveal many structural details under the AFM probe. Importantly, the specific advantages of the method allow for gathering dynamic information about their formation, stability or allosteric structural changes critical for their function. Some of them have already found their way to nanomedical or nanotechnological applications. Here we present examples of studies where the AFM provided pioneering information about the biology of complexes, and examples of studies where the simplicity of the method is used toward the development of potential diagnostic applications.
Collapse
|
18
|
Hsu CC, Wu WB, Huang TF. A snake venom metalloproteinase, kistomin, cleaves platelet glycoprotein VI and impairs platelet functions. J Thromb Haemost 2008; 6:1578-85. [PMID: 18624975 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2008.03071.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Injuries to the vessel wall and subsequent exposure of the matrix of the subendothelial layer resulted in thrombus formation. Platelet glycoprotein (GP) Ib and VI play a crucial role in matrix-induced activation and aggregation of platelets. METHODS AND RESULTS In the present study, we reported that the GPIb-cleaving snake venom metalloproteinase (SVMP), kistomin, inhibited collagen-induced platelet aggregation. Moreover, kistomin inhibited platelet aggregation induced by convulxin (CVX, a GPVI agonist) and a GPVI-specific antibody in a concentration and time-dependent manner. Kistomin treatment decreased platelet GPVI but not integrin alpha2beta1 and alphaIIbbeta3, accompanied with the formation of GPVI cleavage fragments, as determined by flow cytometric and Western blot analyses. In addition, intact platelet GPVI and recombinant GPVI were digested by kistomin to release 25- and 35-kDa fragments, suggesting that kistomin cleaved GPVI near the mucin-like region. We designed four synthetic peptides ranging from Leu180 to Asn249 as the substrates for kistomin and found that kistomin cleaved these synthetic peptides at FSE205/A206TA and NKV218/F219TT, as analyzed by MALDI-TOF-MS. In addition, GPVI-specific antibody-induced tyrosine kinase phosphorylation in platelets was reduced after kistomin pretreatment, and platelet adhesion to collagen but not to fibrinogen was attenuated by kistomin. CONCLUSIONS We provided here the first evidence that a P-I snake venom metalloproteinase, kistomin, inhibits the interaction between collagen and platelet GPVI through its proteolytic activity on GPVI, thus providing an alternative strategy for developing new anti-thrombotic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C C Hsu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Platelet adhesive dynamics. Part II: high shear-induced transient aggregation via GPIbalpha-vWF-GPIbalpha bridging. Biophys J 2008; 95:2556-74. [PMID: 18515386 DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.107.128520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A three-dimensional multiscale computational model, platelet adhesive dynamics (PAD), is developed and applied in Part I and Part II articles to characterize and quantify key biophysical aspects of GPIbalpha-von-Willebrand-factor (vWF)-mediated interplatelet binding at high shear rates, a necessary and enabling step that initiates shear-induced platelet aggregation. In this article, an adhesive dynamics model of the transient aggregation of two unactivated platelets via GPIbalpha-vWF-GPIbalpha bridging is developed and integrated with the three-dimensional hydrodynamic flow model discussed in Part I. Platelet binding efficiencies predicted by PAD are in good agreement with platelet aggregation behavior observed experimentally, as documented in the literature. Deviations from average vWF ligand size or healthy GPIbalpha-vWF-A1 binding kinetics are observed in simulations to have significant effects on the dynamics of transient platelet aggregation, i.e., the efficiency of platelet aggregation and characteristics of bond failure, in ways that typify diseased conditions. The GPIbalpha-vWF-A1 bond formation rate is predicted to have piecewise linear dependence on the prevailing fluid shear rate, with a sharp transition in fluid shear dependency at 7200 s(-1). Interplatelet bond force-loading is found to be complex and highly nonlinear. These results demonstrate PAD as a powerful predictive modeling tool for elucidating platelet adhesive phenomena under flow.
Collapse
|
20
|
Weller FF. Platelet deposition in non-parallel flow. J Math Biol 2008; 57:333-59. [DOI: 10.1007/s00285-008-0163-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2007] [Revised: 01/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
21
|
Singh I, Shankaran H, Beauharnois ME, Xiao Z, Alexandridis P, Neelamegham S. Solution structure of human von Willebrand factor studied using small angle neutron scattering. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:38266-75. [PMID: 17052980 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m607123200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
von Willebrand factor (VWF) binding to platelets under high fluid shear is an important step regulating atherothrombosis. We applied light and small angle neutron scattering to study the solution structure of human VWF multimers and protomer. Results suggest that these proteins resemble prolate ellipsoids with radius of gyration (R(g)) of approximately 75 and approximately 30 nm for multimer and protomer, respectively. The ellipsoid dimensions/radii are 175 x 28 nm for multimers and 70 x 9.1 nm for protomers. Substructural repeat domains are evident within multimeric VWF that are indicative of elements of the protomer quarternary structure (16 nm) and individual functional domains (4.5 nm). Amino acids occupy only approximately 2% of the multimer and protomer volume, compared with 98% for serum albumin and 35% for fibrinogen. VWF treatment with guanidine.HCl, which increases VWF susceptibility to proteolysis by ADAMTS-13, causes local structural changes at length scales <10 nm without altering protein R(g). Treatment of multimer but not protomer VWF with random homobifunctional linker BS(3) prior to reduction of intermonomer disulfide linkages and Western blotting reveals a pattern of dimer and trimer units that indicate the presence of stable intermonomer non-covalent interactions within the multimer. Overall, multimeric VWF appears to be a loosely packed ellipsoidal protein with non-covalent interactions between different monomer units stabilizing its solution structure. Local, and not large scale, changes in multimer conformation are sufficient for ADAMTS-13-mediated proteolysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Indrajeet Singh
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
O'Seaghdha M, van Schooten CJ, Kerrigan SW, Emsley J, Silverman GJ, Cox D, Lenting PJ, Foster TJ. Staphylococcus aureus protein A binding to von Willebrand factor A1 domain is mediated by conserved IgG binding regions. FEBS J 2006; 273:4831-41. [PMID: 16999823 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2006.05482.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Protein A (Spa) is a surface-associated protein of Staphylococcus aureus best known for its ability to bind to the Fc region of IgG. Spa also binds strongly to the Fab region of the immunoglobulins bearing V(H)3 heavy chains and to von Willebrand factor (vWF). Previous studies have suggested that the protein A-vWF interaction is important in S. aureus adherence to platelets under conditions of shear stress. We demonstrate that Spa expression is sufficient for adherence of bacteria to immobilized vWF under low fluid shear. The full length recombinant Ig-binding region of protein A, Spa-EDABC, fused to glutathione-S-transferase (GST), bound recombinant vWF in a dose-dependent and saturable fashion with half maximal binding of about 30 nm in immunosorbent assays. Full length-Spa did not bind recombinant vWF A3 domain but displayed binding to recombinant vWF domains A1 and D'-D3 (half maximal binding at 100 nm and 250 nm, respectively). Each recombinant protein A Ig-binding domain bound to the A1 domain in a similar manner to the full length-Spa molecule (half maximal binding 100 nm). Amino acid substitutions were introduced in the GST-SpaD protein at sites known to be involved in IgG Fc or in V(H)3 Fab binding. Mutants altered in residues that recognized IgG Fc but not those that recognized V(H)3 Fab had reduced binding to vWF A1 and D'-D3. This indicated that both vWF regions recognized a region on helices I and II that overlapped the IgG Fc binding site.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maghnus O'Seaghdha
- Microbiology Department, Moyne Institute of Preventive Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ulrichts H, Udvardy M, Lenting PJ, Pareyn I, Vandeputte N, Vanhoorelbeke K, Deckmyn H. Shielding of the A1 Domain by the D′D3 Domains of von Willebrand Factor Modulates Its Interaction with Platelet Glycoprotein Ib-IX-V. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:4699-707. [PMID: 16373331 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m513314200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Soluble von Willebrand factor (VWF) has a low affinity for platelet glycoprotein (GP) Ibalpha and needs immobilization and/or high shear stress to enable binding of its A1 domain to the receptor. The previously described anti-VWF monoclonal antibody 1C1E7 enhances VWF/GPIbalpha binding and recognizes an epitope in the amino acids 764-1035 region in the N-terminal D'D3 domains. In this study we demonstrated that the D'D3 region negatively modulates the VWF/GPIb-IX-V interaction; (i) deletion of the D'D3 region in VWF augmented binding to GPIbalpha, suggesting an inhibitory role for this region, (ii) the isolated D'D3 region inhibited the GPIbalpha interaction of a VWF deletion mutant lacking this region, indicating that intramolecular interactions limit the accessibility of the A1 domain, (iii) using a panel of anti-VWF monoclonal antibodies, we next showed that the D'D3 region is in close proximity with the A1 domain in soluble VWF but not when VWF was immobilized; (iv) destroying the epitope of 1C1E7 resulted in a mutant VWF with an increased affinity for GPIbalpha. Our results support a model of domain translocation in VWF that allows interaction with GPIbalpha. The suggested shielding interaction of the A1 domain by the D'D3 region then becomes disrupted by VWF immobilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hans Ulrichts
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, Interdisciplinary Research Center, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Campus Kortrijk, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Matsui T, Hamako J. Structure and function of snake venom toxins interacting with human von Willebrand factor. Toxicon 2005; 45:1075-87. [PMID: 15922776 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2005.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2004] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hemostatic plug formation is a complex event mediated by platelets, subendothelial matrices and von Willebrand factor (VWF) at the vascular injury. Snake venom proteins have an excellent potency to regulate the interaction between VWF and platelet membrane receptors in vitro. Two protein families, C-type lectin-like proteins and Zn(2+)-metalloproteinases, have been found to affect platelet-VWF interaction. Botrocetin and bitiscetin from viper venom are disulfide-linked heterodimers with C-type lectin-like motif, and modulate VWF to elicit platelet glycoprotein Ib (GPIb)-binding activity via the A1 domain of VWF leading to the platelet agglutination. The crystal structures of botrocetin and bitiscetin together with complex from the VWF A1 domain indicate the following: (1) a central concave domain formed by two subunits of botrocetin or bitiscetin provides the binding site for VWF, (2) these modulators directly bind to the A1 domain of VWF in close proximity to the GPIb binding site, (3) both modulators induce no significant conformational change on the GPIb-binding site of the A1 domain but could provide a supplemental platform fitting for GPIb. These results suggest that the modulating mechanisms of these venoms are different from those performed by either antibiotic ristocetin in vitro or extremely high shear stress in vivo. Other modulator toxins include kaouthiagin and jararhagin, chimeric proteins composed of metalloproteinase, disintegrin-like and Cys-rich domains. These toxins cleave VWF and reduce its platelet agglutinating or collagen-binding activity. Kaouthiagin from cobra venom specifically cleaves between Pro708 and Asp709 in the C-terminal VWF A1 domain resulting in the decrease of the multimer structure of VWF. Recently a plasma proteinase, which specifically cleaves VWF into a smaller multimer, has been elucidated to be a reprolysin-like metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motif family (ADAMTS). This endogenous metalloproteinase (ADAMTS-13) specifically cleaves between Tyr842 and Met843 in the A2 domain of VWF regulating its physiological hemostatic activity. These VWF-binding snake venom proteins are suitable probes for basic research on platelet plug formation mediated by VWF, for subsidiary diagnostic use for von Willebrand disease or platelet disorder, and might be potently applicable to the regulation of VWF in thrombosis and hemostasis. Structural information of these venom proteins together with recombinant technology might strongly promote the construction of a new antihemostatic drug in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taei Matsui
- Department of Biology, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan.
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ulrichts H, Vanhoorelbeke K, Girma JP, Lenting PJ, Vauterin S, Deckmyn H. The von Willebrand factor self-association is modulated by a multiple domain interaction. J Thromb Haemost 2005; 3:552-61. [PMID: 15748246 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2005.01209.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelet adhesion and aggregation at sites of vascular injury exposed to rapid blood flow require von Willebrand factor (VWF). VWF becomes immobilized by binding to subendothelial components or by a self-association at the interface of soluble and surface-bound VWF. OBJECTIVES As this self-association has been demonstrated only under shear conditions, our first goal was to determine whether the same interaction could be observed under static conditions. Furthermore, we wanted to identify VWF domain(s) important for this self-association. RESULTS Biotinylated VWF (b-VWF) interacted dose-dependently and specifically with immobilized VWF in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assay, showing that shear is not necessary to induce the VWF self-association. Whereas anti-VWF monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) had no effect on the self-association, the proteolytic VWF-fragments SpII(1366-2050) and SpIII(1-1365) inhibited the b-VWF-VWF interaction by 70 and 80%, respectively. Moreover, a specific binding of b-VWF to immobilized Sp-fragments was demonstrated. Finally, both biotinylated SpII and SpIII were able to bind specifically to both immobilized SpII and SpIII. Similar results were observed under flow conditions, which confirmed the functional relevance of our ELISA system. CONCLUSION We have developed an ELISA binding assay in which a specific VWF self-association under static conditions can be demonstrated. Our results suggest a multiple domain interaction between immobilized and soluble VWF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Ulrichts
- KU Leuven Campus Kortrijk, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ulrichts H, Harsfalvi J, Bene L, Matko J, Vermylen J, Ajzenberg N, Baruch D, Deckmyn H, Tornai I. A monoclonal antibody directed against human von Willebrand factor induces type 2B-like alterations. J Thromb Haemost 2004; 2:1622-8. [PMID: 15333040 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2004.00865.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have previously described a monoclonal antibody (mAb), 1C1E7, against von Willebrand factor (VWF), that increases ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation (RIPA) and induces a preferential binding of the high-molecular-weight multimers of VWF to platelet GPIb. Further investigations using a rotational viscometer at a shear rate of 4000 s(-1) could now demonstrate that shear-induced platelet aggregation (SIPA) is significantly increased with 1C1E7 and that this could be completely inhibited by the anti-GPIb mAb 6D1. In contrast, platelet adhesion to a collagen surface at a shear rate of 2600 s(-1), using a rectangular perfusion chamber, was significantly inhibited in the presence of 1C1E7. When citrated whole blood was incubated with 1C1E7, a spontaneous binding of VWF to the platelet GPIb could be demonstrated by flow cytometric analysis. Parallel to this, a decrease of the highest molecular weight multimers of VWF in the plasma was found. Platelets with bound VWF on their surface were able to form macroaggregates but were no longer able to adhere. These phenomena are very similar to the alterations described in von Willebrand's disease type 2B. The epitope of this mAb could be localized to the N-terminal part of the subunit; therefore a distant conformational change in the A1 domain of VWF is suggested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Ulrichts
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, KU Leuven, Campus Kortrijk, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kuijpers MJE, Schulte V, Oury C, Lindhout T, Broers J, Hoylaerts MF, Nieswandt B, Heemskerk JWM. Facilitating roles of murine platelet glycoprotein Ib and alphaIIbbeta3 in phosphatidylserine exposure during vWF-collagen-induced thrombus formation. J Physiol 2004; 558:403-15. [PMID: 15155790 PMCID: PMC1664961 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2004.062414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/08/2004] [Accepted: 05/14/2004] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vessel wall damage exposes collagen fibres, to which platelets adhere directly via the collagen receptors glycoprotein (GP) VI and integrin alpha(2)beta(1) and indirectly by collagen-bound von Willebrand factor (vWF) via the GPIb-V-IX and integrin alphaIIbbeta3 receptor complexes. Platelet-collagen interaction under shear stimulates thrombus formation in two ways, by integrin-dependent formation of platelet aggregates and by surface exposure of procoagulant phosphatidylserine (PS). GPVI is involved in both processes, complemented by alpha2beta1. In mouse blood flowing over collagen, we investigated the additional role of platelet-vWF binding via GPIb and alphaIIbbeta3. Inhibition of GPIb as well as blocking of vWF binding to collagen reduced stable platelet adhesion at high shear rate. This was accompanied by delayed platelet Ca(2+) responses and reduced PS exposure, while microaggregates were still formed. Inhibition of integrin alphaIIbbeta3 with JON/A antibody, which blocks alphaIIbbeta3 binding to both vWF and fibrinogen, reduced PS exposure and aggregate formation. The JON/A effects were not enhanced by combined blocking of GPIb-vWF binding, suggesting a function for alphaIIbbeta3 downstream of GPIb. Typically, with blood from FcR gamma-chain +/- mutant mice, expressing 50% of normal platelet GPVI levels, GPIb blockage almost completely abolished platelet adhesion and PS exposure. Together, these data indicate that, under physiological conditions of flow, both adhesive receptors GPIb and alphaIIbbeta3 facilitate GPVI-mediated PS exposure by stabilizing platelet binding to collagen. Hence, these glycoproteins have an assistant procoagulant role in collagen-dependent thrombus formation, which is most prominent at reduced GPVI activity and is independent of the presence of thrombin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marijke J E Kuijpers
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
The adhesive protein von Willebrand factor (VWF) contributes to platelet function by mediating the initiation and progression of thrombus formation at sites of vascular injury. In recent years there has been considerable progress in explaining the biological properties of VWF, including the structural and functional characteristics of specific domains. The mechanism of interaction between the VWF A1 domain and glycoprotein Ibalpha has been elucidated in detail, bringing us closer to understanding how this adhesive bond can oppose the fluid dynamic effects of rapidly flowing blood contributing to platelet adhesion and activation. Moreover, novel findings have been obtained on the link between regulation of VWF multimer size and microvascular thrombosis. This progress in basic research has provided critical information to define with greater precision the role of VWF in vascular biology and pathology, including its possible involvement in the onset of atherosclerosis and its acute thrombotic complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z M Ruggeri
- Roon Research Laboratory for Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis, Division of Experimental Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Shankaran H, Alexandridis P, Neelamegham S. Aspects of hydrodynamic shear regulating shear-induced platelet activation and self-association of von Willebrand factor in suspension. Blood 2003; 101:2637-45. [PMID: 12456504 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2002-05-1550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The binding of plasma von Willebrand factor (VWF) to platelet receptor GpIb under high hydrodynamic shear leads to platelet activation and subsequent shear-induced platelet aggregation (SIPA). We quantitatively examined the aspects of fluid flow that regulate platelet activation by subjecting human blood and isolated platelets to well-defined shear conditions in a cone-plate viscometer. We made the following observations. First, Annexin V binding to phosphatidyl serine expressed on activated cells was detectable within 10 seconds of shear application. Second, fluid shear stress rather than shear rate controls platelet activation, and a threshold shear stress of approximately 80 dyn/cm(2) is necessary to induce significant activation. Under these conditions, individual domains of soluble VWF and platelet GpIb are subjected to similar magnitudes of fluid forces on the order of 0.1 pN, whereas GpIb with bound VWF is subjected to 1 pN. Third, cell-cell collisions and time-varying stresses are not essential for platelet activation. Fourth, the mechanism of platelet activation can be resolved in 2 steps based on the contribution of VWF and fluid forces. Fluid shear and VWF are required during the first step, when GpIb-VWF binding likely occurs. Subsequently, high shear forces alone in the absence of VWF in suspension can induce platelet activation. In other experiments, purified VWF was subjected to shear in the viscometer, and VWF morphology was assessed using light scattering. These studies demonstrate, for the first time, the ability of hydrodynamic forces to induce VWF aggregation in suspension. This VWF self-association may be an additional feature involved in controlling cell adhesion rates in circulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harish Shankaran
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, State University of New York at Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
The adhesive protein von Willebrand factor contributes to platelet function by mediating the initiation and progression of thrombus formation at sites of vascular injury. In the last 2 years, there has been considerable progress in explaining the biologic properties of von Willebrand factor. The three-dimensional structure of specific domains has been explained, with the demonstration of distinct conformational changes in the A1 domain caused by single amino acid substitutions associated with enhanced binding to platelets. The structural and functional properties of the interaction between the von Willebrand factor A1 domain and glycoprotein Ibalpha have also been elucidated in greater detail, bringing researchers closer to understanding how this adhesive bond can oppose the fluid dynamic effects of rapidly flowing blood to initiate thrombus formation and, concurrently, contribute to platelet activation. Because hemodynamic forces greatly influence platelet responses to vascular injury in stenosed and partially occluded arteries, a detailed description of how von Willebrand factor interacts with tissues and platelets may help in the design of more specific therapeutic inhibitors of arterial thrombosis. Moreover, enlightening findings have been obtained on the link between regulation of von Willebrand factor multimer size and microvascular thrombosis. This progress in basic research has provided critical information to define with greater precision the role of von Willebrand factor in vascular biology and pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zaverio M Ruggeri
- Room Research Laboratory for Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis, Division of Experimental Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
| |
Collapse
|